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Journal articles on the topic 'MQTT protocol'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 28 June 2021

Last updated: 25 July 2025

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1

Tarigan, Salsalina Oktaria, Herry Imanta Sitepu, and Maclaurin Hutagalung. "Pengukuran Kinerja Sistem Publish/ Subscribe Menggunakan Protokol MQTT (Message Queuing Telemetry Transport)." Jurnal Telematika 9, no. 1 (2014): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.61769/telematika.v9i1.85.

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Salah satu model sistem terdistribusi yang digunakan untuk komunikasi antar perangkat adalah dengan sistem publish/subscribe (PUB/SUB). Ada beberapa protokol yang dapat digunakan untuk melakukan komunikasi publish/subscribe, salah satunya adalah protokol MQTT. Protokol MQTT adalah protokol yang didesain dengan karakteristik sederhana, ringan, dan mudah untuk diimplementasikan. Dengan demikian MQTT dapat diimplementasikan di perangkat dengan sumber daya komputasi yang terbatas. MQTT memiliki 3 level QoS, yaitu QoS 0, 1, dan 2. Penelitian ini mengukur dampak dari QoS protokol QTT terhadap QoS ja

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2

Van Glabbeek, Roald, Diana Deac, Thomas Perale, Kris Steenhaut, and An Braeken. "Flexible and Efficient Security Framework for Many-to-Many Communication in a Publish/Subscribe Architecture." Sensors 22, no. 19 (2022): 7391. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22197391.

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Message Queuing Telemetry Transport (MQTT) is a lightweight publish/subscribe protocol, which is currently one of the most popular application protocols in Internet of Things (IoT) thanks to its simplicity in use and its scalability. The secured version, MQTTS, which combines MQTT with the Transport Layer Security (TLS) protocol, has several shortcomings. It only offers one-to-one security, supports a limited number of security features and has high computation and communication costs. In this paper, we propose a flexible and lightweight security solution to be integrated in MQTT, addressing m

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Nwankwo, Emmanuel, Michael David, and Elizabeth Nonye Onwuka. "Integration of MQTT-SN and CoAP protocol for enhanced data communications and resource management in WSNs." Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics 13, no. 3 (2024): 1613–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/eei.v13i3.5158.

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Lightweight communication protocols for wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are unfolding for machine to machine (M2M) communications and thus there is always going to be a possible conflict of interest on which protocol is best suited for any particular application. The two protocols of interest in this study are the message queue telemetry transport protocol for sensor network (MQTT-SN), a variant of message queue telemetry transport (MQTT) protocol and the constrained application protocol (CoAP). There have been studies that reveal that these protocols perform differently based on the underlyin

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Yamin, Muhammad Ikrar, Son Kuswadi, and Sritrusta Sukaridhoto. "Real Performance Evaluation On MQTT and COAP Protocol in Ubiquitous Network Robot Platform (UNRPF) for Disaster Multi-robot Communication." EMITTER International Journal of Engineering Technology 6, no. 2 (2018): 369–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.24003/emitter.v6i2.305.

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Disaster multi-robot has a significant role in a disaster area to do many tasks like detection of fire, search and rescue of victims, etc. It needs to build good communication between the operator and multi-robot and among multi-robot themselves to perform their tasks quickly and efficiently. This relates with the queue message protocol system. In this research, we implemented the queue message protocol on mesh topology and integrated it on the robot platform. Recently, development of IoT (Internet of Things) Technology causes development of communication protocol. MQTT and CoAP are among the

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Kurniawan, Denny, Muhammad Ashar, and Harits Ar Rosyid. "Hybrid NarrowBand-internet of things protocol for real time data optimization." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 13, no. 3 (2023): 2827. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v13i3.pp2827-2836.

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The level of dependence on data communication in the modern era is increasing exponentially. The internet of things (IoT) plays a very important role in the advancement of the industrial revolution 4.0 that utilizes data communication systems. IoT deployments require data communication protocols, such as hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP), and message queuing telemetry transport (MQTT) as well as network communication protocols (wireless) to meet the network needs of devices with limited resources. Optimization of data communication in IoT is needed to maintain the quality of sending and recei

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Denny, Kurniawan, Ashar Muhammad, and Ar Rosyid Harits. "10.11591/ijece.v13i3.pp2827-2836." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 13, no. 3 (2023): 2827–36. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v13i3.pp2827-2836.

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The level of dependence on data communication in the modern era is increasing exponentially. The internet of things (IoT) plays a very important role in the advancement of the industrial revolution 4.0 that utilizes data communication systems. IoT deployments require data communication protocols, such as hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP), and message queuing telemetry transport (MQTT) as well as network communication protocols (wireless) to meet the network needs of devices with limited resources. Optimization of data communication in IoT is needed to maintain the quality of sending and recei

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Jung, In Hwan, Jae Moon Lee, and Kitae Hwang. "MQTT Protocol Extension for Real Time Location based Service." Webology 19, no. 1 (2022): 4706–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.14704/web/v19i1/web19314.

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This paper introduces an extension of the MQTT protocol to reduce communication overhead in real-time location-based service system where mobile MQTT clients move and change their administrative district location frequently. The MQTT protocol was extended to handle UNSUBSCRIBE and SUBSCRIBE processing with a single step and the LBS server was revised to handle the extended protocol. Instead of directly processing SUBSCRIBE and UNSUBSCRIBE, mobile clients need to send their GPS location to the LBS server. LBS Server communicate with MQTT Broker to using extended protocol on behalf of each clien

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Suraj, Khot, and Mali Abhijeet. "MQTT Protocol for Efficient AI Communication." International Journal of Engineering and Management Research 14, no. 5 (2024): 1–5. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13888533.

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In recent years, advancements in Internet of Things (IoT) and artificial intelligence have revolutionized various fields, including biometric authentication systems. This project focuses on integrating IoT with face recognition technology to create a robust and efficient authentication system. The proposed system leverages MQTT (Message Queuing Telemetry Transport), a lightweight messaging protocol ideal for IoT environments, to facilitate real-time communication between face recognition devices and centralized software.The core of the system involves deploying face recognition devices equippe

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Husnain, Muhammad, Khizar Hayat, Enrico Cambiaso, et al. "Preventing MQTT Vulnerabilities Using IoT-Enabled Intrusion Detection System." Sensors 22, no. 2 (2022): 567. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22020567.

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The advancement in the domain of IoT accelerated the development of new communication technologies such as the Message Queuing Telemetry Transport (MQTT) protocol. Although MQTT servers/brokers are considered the main component of all MQTT-based IoT applications, their openness makes them vulnerable to potential cyber-attacks such as DoS, DDoS, or buffer overflow. As a result of this, an efficient intrusion detection system for MQTT-based applications is still a missing piece of the IoT security context. Unfortunately, existing IDSs do not provide IoT communication protocol support such as MQT

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Amirkhanov, Bauyrzhan, Gulshat Amirkhanova, Murat Kunelbayev, Saltanat Adilzhanova, and Miras Tokhtassyn. "Evaluating HTTP, MQTT over TCP and MQTT over WEBSOCKET for digital twin applications: A comparative analysis on latency, stability, and integration." International Journal of Innovative Research and Scientific Studies 8, no. 1 (2025): 679–94. https://doi.org/10.53894/ijirss.v8i1.4414.

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This study aims to identify the most suitable IoT communication protocol for a digital twin architecture, focusing on meeting the demands of real-time data transmission with stability and security. The research methodology involves a comparative performance analysis of MQTT over TCP, MQTT over WebSocket, and HTTP protocols, evaluating their latency, connectivity stability, and IoT application feasibility using an ESP32 microcontroller and DHT22 sensor setup. The experimental results demonstrate that MQTT over TCP achieves the lowest average latency at 290.5 ms, while MQTT over WebSocket exhibi

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Wadullah Tareq, Roaa, and Turkan Ahmed Khaleel. "Implementation of MQTT Protocol in Health Care Based on IoT Systems: A Study." International journal of electrical and computer engineering systems 12, no. 4 (2021): 215–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.32985/ijeces.12.4.5.

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Internet of things IoT systems have become one of the most promising technologies in all fields. Data transmission is one of the important aspects, and the tendency to messaging protocols is an important aspect of IoT systems. One of these most important protocols is MQTT. This protocol depends on the Publish/Subscribe model, and it is a lightweight protocol. Reliability, simplicity, quality of service levels, and being Resource-constrained make MQTT common in the IoT industry. This paper designed an IoT device that consists of the sensor MLX 90614 non-contact IR Temperature connected to a dev

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Dr., S. Thavamani, Sinthuja U., and Sinthuja U. "MQTT Messages-An Overview." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTER RESEARCH 09, no. 04 (2021): 2267–70. https://doi.org/10.47191/ijmcr.

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his research work greatly concerning the trending Protocol knownasMessage Queue TelemetryTransport (MQTT)which is used by Internet of Things (IoT)to pass messages by both ends.The communication between the huge amounts of devices isenabled by IPv6 and light weight communication protocolssuch as MQTT. The goal was to develop a protocol which isbandwidth-efficient and uses little battery power.Most of the present-daysurveysfocusing on IoT MQTT protocol protection. Even thoughsecurity isvery much concerned, itis also important to concentrate on MQTT messages with its types, structure and so on.

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Roldán-Gómez, José, Javier Carrillo-Mondéjar, Juan Manuel Castelo Gómez, and José Luis Martínez Martínez. "Security Assessment of the MQTT-SN Protocol for the Internet of Things." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2224, no. 1 (2022): 012079. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2224/1/012079.

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Abstract The Internet of Things (IoT) is growing globally at a fast pace. However, the expansion of the IoT paradigm has brought with it the challenge of promptly detecting and evaluating attacks against these systems. The Message Queuing Telemetry Transport (MQTT) protocol is one of the most used protocols in the IoT scenario due to its lightness. The MQTT-SN protocol, which is an even lighter version of MQTT, is specially designed for embedded devices on non-TCP/IP networks. This paper presents an exhaustive assessment of the MQTT-SN protocol and describes its shortcomings, which can allow a

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Anh, Doan Huynh Mai. "Mesh Network Based on MQTT Broker for Smart Home and IIoT Factory." ASEAN Journal of Science and Engineering 2, no. 2 (2021): 173–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.17509/ajse.v2i2.39080.

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The Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) provides connection among devices with the ability to monitor and exchange sensor data through the Internet. The need for reliability and high-quality data, as soon as possible that data monitoring able to afford the requirements from the IoT industrial standards. Recently, researchers have created more suitable communication protocols for IIoT devices, of which each has advantages such as XMPP, MQTT, AMQP in which MQTT is most widely used. This study proposes the utilization of MQTT as a communication protocol, which is one of the data communication pr

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Shykhmat, A., and V. Veres. "SELECTION OF PROTOCOLS FOR DATA TRANSMISSION FROM INTERNET OF THINGS DEVICES TO CLOUD PROVIDERS." Computer systems and network 5, no. 1 (2023): 149–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/csn2023.01.149.

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The Internet of Things (IoT) enables the creation of networks between devices, people, applications, and the Internet, creating new ecosystems with higher productivity, better energy efficiency, and higher profitability. Nodes in these networks must have the ability to communicate and exchange data, which requires the use of data transfer protocols. However, choosing the right protocol for a specific use case is not always straightforward. This paper provides an overview of two existing data transfer protocols, MQTT and HTTP, compares the amount of tariffed traffic generated by each protocol,

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Sahmi, Imane, Abderrahim Abdellaoui, Tomader Mazri, and Nabil Hmina. "MQTT-PRESENT: Approach to secure internet of things applications using MQTT protocol." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 11, no. 5 (2021): 4577. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v11i5.pp4577-4586.

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The big challenge to raise for deploying the application's domain of the Internet of Things is security. As one of the popular messaging protocols in the IoT world, the message queue telemetry transport (MQTT) is designed for constrained devices and machine-to-machine communications, based on the publish-subscribe model, it offers a basic authentication using username and password. However, this authentication method might have a problem in terms of security and scalability. In this paper, we provide an analysis of the current research in the literature related to the security for the MQTT pro

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Imane, Sahmi, Abdellaoui Abderrahim, Mazri Tomader, and Hmina Nabil. "MQTT-PRESENT: Approach to secure internet of things applications using MQTT protocol." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 11, no. 5 (2021): 4577–86. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v11i5.pp4577-4586.

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The big challenge to raise for deploying the application's domain of the Internet of Things is security. As one of the popular messaging protocols in the IoT world, the message queue telemetry transport (MQTT) is designed for constrained devices and machine-to-machine communications, based on the publish-subscribe model, it offers a basic authentication using username and password. However, this authentication method might have a problem in terms of security and scalability. In this paper, we provide an analysis of the current research in the literature related to the security for the MQTT

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Fauzi, Dwi Setiawan Sumadi, Eko Minarno Agus, Syafa'ah Lailis, and Irfan Muhammad. "Enabling seamless communication over several IoT messaging protocols in OpenFlow network." TELKOMNIKA (Telecommunication, Computing, Electronics and Control) 19, no. 5 (2021): 1544–52. https://doi.org/10.12928/telkomnika.v19i5.20412.

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The most prominent protocols for data transfer in internet of things (IoT) are message queuing telemetry transport (MQTT) and constrained application protocol (CoAP). The existing clients from both sides are unable to communicate directly because of the packet’s header structure difference in application and transport layer. In response, this paper aims to develop a bidirectional conversion server used to translate the specified messaging protocol interchangeably in the OpenFlow network and transmit the converted packet from both sides. The conversion server integrated the MQTT subscribe

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Wang, Zhen, Dantao Han, Yanjie Gong, and Yanling Zhao. "Multi-protocol Integration and Intercommunication Technology Based on OPC UA and MQTT." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2173, no. 1 (2022): 012070. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2173/1/012070.

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Abstract OPC UA and MQTT are widely recognized key technologies for realizing the interconnection and intercommunication of industrial equipment as well as data transmission to the cloud. Based on OPC UA and MQTT, this paper presents a new method to solve the problem of multiple protocols coexistence and information islands in industry. Using the unified name ID to create mappings between OPC UA, MQTT and data acquisition drive, a shared database as data consistency communication medium to support concurrent data reading and writing of OPC UA and MQTT, a data acquisition drive as trigger to re

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Aryandaru, Rico, Awang Noor Indra Wardana, and Agus Arif. "Komparasi Protokol Komunikasi pada Sistem Produksi Siber-Fisik berbasis IEC 61499." Jurnal EECCIS (Electrics, Electronics, Communications, Controls, Informatics, Systems) 14, no. 1 (2020): 35–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.21776/jeeccis.v14i1.630.

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The change in the concept of an automation pyramid into an automation cloud in a cyber-physical production system makes data communication no longer stratified but can be done directly between devices. Based on IEC 61499, which defines the function blocks for building such communications, communication protocols can be run on various devices. Several communication protocols that can fulfill these requirements are OPC-UA, FBDK / IP, and MQTT. The research was conducted by comparing the three communication protocols for latency parameters and their jitters. The test method used to compare latenc

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Axel Natanael Salim, Tata Sutabri, Edi Surya Negara, and M Izman Herdiansyah. "COMMUNICATION SECURITY IN THE MQTT PROTOCOL FOR MONITORING INTERNET OF THINGS DEVICES USING METHODS ELLIPTIC CURVE CRYPTOGRAPHY." Jurnal Teknik Informatika (Jutif) 5, no. 2 (2024): 377–87. https://doi.org/10.52436/1.jutif.2024.5.2.1916.

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The emergence of the IoT has become one of the most significant technology trends. The application of IoT is aimed at enhancing efficiency, comfort, and facilitating various human activities. One key aspect of IoT implementation is efficient communication between devices, with one of the most commonly used protocols being MQTT protocol. MQTT enables the transmission of data in real-time or based on specific events, although there are still several challenges that need to be addressed. One of the main challenges of MQTT is information security issues, prompting this research to examine effectiv

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Shah, Pujan Hiteshkumar. "MQTT Systems: A Survey." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 12, no. 3 (2024): 1063–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2024.59000.

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Abstract: In today's era, billions of intelligent devices populate Internet of Things (IoT) environments worldwide, spanning homes, hospitals, factories, and vehicles. Consequently, the interconnected device count continues to surge at a rapid pace. These devices engage in communication with one another and with various services using diverse communication protocols to transport sensor or event data. These protocols facilitate applications in gathering, storing, processing, describing, and analyzing data to address a myriad of challenges. Additionally, IoT endeavors to furnish secure, bidirect

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Sahlmann, Kristina, Vera Clemens, Michael Nowak, and Bettina Schnor. "MUP: Simplifying Secure Over-The-Air Update with MQTT for Constrained IoT Devices." Sensors 21, no. 1 (2020): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21010010.

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Message Queuing Telemetry Transport (MQTT) is one of the dominating protocols for edge- and cloud-based Internet of Things (IoT) solutions. When a security vulnerability of an IoT device is known, it has to be fixed as soon as possible. This requires a firmware update procedure. In this paper, we propose a secure update protocol for MQTT-connected devices which ensures the freshness of the firmware, authenticates the new firmware and considers constrained devices. We show that the update protocol is easy to integrate in an MQTT-based IoT network using a semantic approach. The feasibility of ou

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Borysov, O. "Scientific Publications’ Bibliometric Analysis of Application-Level TCP/IP Models’ Communication Protocols for the Internet of Things." Visnyk of Kharkiv State Academy of Culture, no. 66 (December 26, 2024): 17–25. https://doi.org/10.31516/2410-5333.066.02.

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A bibliometric analysis of publications on application-layer communication protocols in the context of the Internet of Things technologies have been conducted. The study highlights significant disparities in scientific attention given to various protocols, emphasizing the dominance of MQTT and CoAP in the scientific literature. Data from the Scopus bibliometric database were used to evaluate the level of research activity and the scientific community’s interest in MQTT, MQTT-SN, CoAP, STOMP, XMPP, WAMP, AMQP, DDS, OPC UA, and LwM2M protocols. The findings reveal which protocols are at the fore

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Sinyavskiy, Ivan, Igor Sorokin, and Andrei Sukhov. "Prototype wireless network for internet of things based on DECT standard." Telfor Journal 14, no. 1 (2022): 8–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/telfor2201008s.

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This paper presents a software prototype of a wireless network for the Internet of Things (IoT) based on the DECT (Digital Enhanced Cordless Telecommunication) standard. It proposes an architecture for encapsulating commands from the most common IoT protocol, MQTT (Message Queuing Telemetry Transport), into SIP (Session Initiation Protocol) packets. A module is created to embed MQTT-SN (MQTT for Sensor Networks) packets into SIP packets. The module is developed in Go language using the built-in "net" library. Delivery of MQTT-SN packets to IoT devices is carried out using the SIP protocol. Sou

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Sima, Brema Arisma, Relita Buaton, and Marto Sihombing. "IOT Based Automatic Light Control System Using MQTT Protocol." International Journal of Informatics, Economics, Management and Science 3, no. 1 (2024): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.52362/ijiems.v3i1.1213.

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An Internet of Thing-based automatic light control system using the MQTT protocol is an efficient solution for controlling lights on or off. This study aims to design and implement an IOT-based automatic light control system that can be accessed and controlled via the internet network. This system uses the MQTT protocol to communicate between the hardware and software connected to the MQTT Broker. This system also consists of several main components, namely a light sensor, NodeMCU ESP8266, and a user application. The light sensor is used to detect the intensity of surrounding light, NodeMCU ES

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Oh, Soo-Yeon, Yong-Joon Lee, and Sung-Ho Hwang. "Design and Implementation of IoT Gateway with MQTT and IEC 61850 MMS Protocol." International Journal of Membrane Science and Technology 10, no. 1 (2023): 64–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.15379/ijmst.v10i1.1430.

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With microgrids deployed in multiple areas, communication technologies that control devices and collect data play an important role. Microgrid environments are similar to the internet of things (IoT) environment, where multiple devices exchange information. Recent studies have attempted to utilize IoT protocols as communication protocols for microgrids. Studies have also begun on interworking IoT protocols with IEC 61850, an existing protocol for power utility. In this study, we designed an IoT gateway that maps message queuing telemetry transport (MQTT), an IoT protocol, to the IEC 61850 data

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Kusyanti, Ari, Nurudin Santoso, Puspita Ainunnazahah, and Luthfi Maulana. "Implementation of zk-SNARK HH Authentication on IoT Protocols." International Journal of Online and Biomedical Engineering (iJOE) 18, no. 06 (2022): 4–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3991/ijoe.v18i06.28893.

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CoAP and MQTT are messaging protocols in the application layer of the Internet of Things (IoT) architecture. Both protocols, in general, have not been equipped with certain authentication schemes to cope with the network security gap. Without an authentication mechanism, the protocol is prone to mand-in-the middle attacks. Addressing this issue, the present study attempted to implement an authentication scheme using zk-SNARK Homomorphic Hiding (HH). This authentication mechanism does not require a token exchange and is safe from an eavesdropper. In this study, zk-SNARK HH was implemented to Co

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Kaganurmath, Sharadadevi, Nagaraj G. Cholli, and M. R. Anala. "DLKS-MQTT: A Lightweight Key Sharing Protocol for Secure IoT Communications." Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research 15, no. 2 (2025): 21532–38. https://doi.org/10.48084/etasr.10216.

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The increasing reliance on Message Queuing Telemetry Transport (MQTT) as a lightweight messaging protocol for Internet of Things (IoT) applications requires robust security mechanisms that address resource constraints while ensuring data integrity, confidentiality, and authenticity. This paper proposes the Dynamic Lightweight Key Sharing for MQTT (DLKS-MQTT) mechanism, a novel approach that integrates ephemeral key generation, streamlined authentication, and lightweight cryptographic operations to enhance the security of MQTT-based IoT communications. The mechanism employs a 128-bit key genera

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Im, Yerin, and Mingyu Lim. "E-MQTT: End-to-End Synchronous and Asynchronous Communication Mechanisms in MQTT Protocol." Applied Sciences 13, no. 22 (2023): 12419. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app132212419.

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Message Queuing Telemetry Transport (MQTT) enables asynchronous confirmation of message reception by brokers but lacks a way for publishers to know when subscribers receive their messages without adding additional communication overhead. This paper addresses this problem by improving MQTT to establish end-to-end communication between a publisher and subscribers, reducing message exchanges, using what is called End-to-End MQTT (E-MQTT). In E-MQTT, a publisher sets the number of responses that it will wait for when it sends a message. After the broker collects the response messages from subscrib

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Roldán-Gómez, José, Javier Carrillo-Mondéjar, Juan Manuel Castelo Gómez, and Sergio Ruiz-Villafranca. "Security Analysis of the MQTT-SN Protocol for the Internet of Things." Applied Sciences 12, no. 21 (2022): 10991. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app122110991.

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The expansion of the Internet of Things (IoT) paradigm has brought with it the challenge of promptly detecting and evaluating attacks against the systems coexisting in it. One of the most recurrent methods used by cybercriminals is to exploit the vulnerabilities found in communication protocols, which can lead to them accessing, altering, and making data inaccessible and even bringing down a device or whole infrastructure. In the case of the IoT, the Message Queuing Telemetry Transport (MQTT) protocol is one of the most-used ones due to its lightness, allowing resource-constrained devices to c

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Singh, Drishti, Ria Singh, Aryan Gupta, and Ambika Vishal Pawar. "Message queue telemetry transport and lightweight machine-to-machine comparison based on performance efficiency under various scenarios." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 12, no. 6 (2022): 6293. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v12i6.pp6293-6302.

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<span>Internet of things (IoT) is been advancing over a long period of time in many aspects. For data transfer between IoT devices in a wireless sensor network, various IoT protocols are proposed. Among them, the most widely used are constrained application protocol (CoAP) and message queue telemetry transport (MQTT). Overcoming the limitations of CoAP, lightweight machine-to-machine (LwM2M) framework was designed above CoAP. Recent statistics show that LwM2M and MQTT are the widely used, but LwM2M is still less used than MQTT. Our paper is aimed at comparing both MQTT and LwM2M on the b

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Drishti, Singh, Singh Ria, Gupta Aryan, and Vishal Pawar Ambika. "Message queue telemetry transport and lightweight machine-tomachine comparison based on performance efficiency under various scenarios." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 12, no. 6 (2022): 6293–302. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v12i6.pp6293-6302.

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Internet of things (IoT) is been advancing over a long period of time in many aspects. For data transfer between IoT devices in a wireless sensor network, various IoT protocols are proposed. Among them, the most widely used are constrained application protocol (CoAP) and message queue telemetry transport (MQTT). Overcoming the limitations of CoAP, lightweight machine-to-machine (LwM2M) framework was designed above CoAP. Recent statistics show that LwM2M and MQTT are the widely used, but LwM2M is still less used than MQTT. Our paper is aimed at comparing both MQTT and LwM2M on the basis of perf

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Hussein, Mahmoud, Ahmed I. Galal, Emad Abd-Elrahman, and Mohamed Zorkany. "Internet of Things (IoT) Platform for Multi-Topic Messaging." Energies 13, no. 13 (2020): 3346. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13133346.

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IoT-based applications operate in a client–server architecture, which requires a specific communication protocol. This protocol is used to establish the client–server communication model, allowing all clients of the system to perform specific tasks through internet communications. Many data communication protocols for the Internet of Things are used by IoT platforms, including message queuing telemetry transport (MQTT), advanced message queuing protocol (AMQP), MQTT for sensor networks (MQTT-SN), data distribution service (DDS), constrained application protocol (CoAP), and simple object access

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Park, Jun-Hong, Hyeong-Su Kim, and Won-Tae Kim. "DM-MQTT: An Efficient MQTT Based on SDN Multicast for Massive IoT Communications." Sensors 18, no. 9 (2018): 3071. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s18093071.

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Edge computing is proposed to solve the problem of centralized cloud computing caused by a large number of IoT (Internet of Things) devices. The IoT protocols need to be modified according to the edge computing paradigm, where the edge computing devices for analyzing IoT data are distributed to the edge networks. The MQTT (Message Queuing Telemetry Transport) protocol, as a data distribution protocol widely adopted in many international IoT standards, is suitable for cloud computing because it uses a centralized broker to effectively collect and transmit data. However, the standard MQTT may su

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Silva, Daniel, Liliana I. Carvalho, José Soares, and Rute C. Sofia. "A Performance Analysis of Internet of Things Networking Protocols: Evaluating MQTT, CoAP, OPC UA." Applied Sciences 11, no. 11 (2021): 4879. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11114879.

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IoT data exchange is supported today by different communication protocols and different protocolar frameworks, each of which with its own advantages and disadvantages, and often co-existing in a way that is mandated by vendor policies. Although different protocols are relevant in different domains, there is not a protocol that provides better performance (jitter, latency, energy consumption) across different scenarios. The focus of this work is two-fold. First, to provide a comparison of the different available solutions in terms of protocolar features such as type of transport, type of commun

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Jaloudi, Samer. "Communication Protocols of an Industrial Internet of Things Environment: A Comparative Study." Future Internet 11, no. 3 (2019): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fi11030066.

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Most industrial and SCADA-like (supervisory control and data acquisition) systems use proprietary communication protocols, and hence interoperability is not fulfilled. However, the MODBUS TCP is an open de facto standard, and is used for some automation and telecontrol systems. It is based on a polling mechanism and follows the synchronous request–response pattern, as opposed to the asynchronous publish–subscribe pattern. In this study, polling-based and event-based protocols are investigated to realize an open and interoperable Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) environment. Many Internet o

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Al Hanif, Abdulelah, and Mohammad Ilyas. "Effective Feature Engineering Framework for Securing MQTT Protocol in IoT Environments." Sensors 24, no. 6 (2024): 1782. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s24061782.

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The explosive growth of the domain of the Internet of things (IoT) network devices has resulted in unparalleled ease of productivity, convenience, and automation, with Message Queuing Telemetry Transport (MQTT) protocol being widely recognized as an essential communication standard in IoT environments. MQTT enables fast and lightweight communication between IoT devices to facilitate data exchange, but this flexibility also exposes MQTT to significant security vulnerabilities and challenges that demand highly robust security. This paper aims to enhance the detection efficiency of an MQTT traffi

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Sidiq Rilo Pambudi and Alif Subardono. "Implementasi dan Analisis Performa Protokol Message Queuing Telemetry Protocol Jaringan Smart Farming Pada Budidaya Jamur Tiram Dengan Memanfaatkan Internet Of Things." Journal of Internet and Software Engineering 2, no. 1 (2021): 24–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jise.v2i1.1127.

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Abstract – The development of technology, gives many effects for human life. Many things can be controlled automatically and remotely. Internet of Things is as one of technology development which can be a solution to make human life easier. Internet of Things can also be used in agriculture sector and smart farming. Oyster growth is very affected by temperature and humidity. The temperature needed for growing of oyster is 24-28 Celsius degree. The use of Internet of Things is needed to monitor, take care and increase the productivity. Implementation of Smart Farming in agriculture sector

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Shaikh, Arefa Shafique. "A Survey on Exchanging Data Using MQTT Protocol in Arduino." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. VII (2021): 3081–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.37007.

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In the coming years, sensors will likely grow in every aspect of our lives. Several activities explain how the Internet of Things (IoT) will have an impact on almost all aspect of our lives and why security is at the top of the list of IoT challenges. Device to Device communications (D2D) in IoT are forecast and another major concern within the use of IoT is to make sure device security, D2D connectivity and high quality data. Therefore, a proper communication protocol is required to fix this issues. To address this, we purpose the use of Message Queue Telemetry Transport(MQTT)protocol to tran

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Kurniawan, I. Kadek Yogi, I. Gede Andika, I. Gede Made Yudi Antara, I. Gusti Made Ngurah Desnanjaya, and Anak Agung Gde Ekayana. "Analisis Quality of Service Protokol MQTT, HTTP, dan CoAP dalam Pengiriman Data ke Thingsboard." INFORMAL: Informatics Journal 9, no. 1 (2024): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.19184/isj.v9i1.43986.

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The Internet of Things allows a sensor node to collect data from a place and send it to the Internet of Things platform. In its application, the Internet of Things has several protocols for sending data such as Message Queue Telemetry Transport (MQTT), Hyper Text Transport Protocol (HTTP), and Constrained Application Protocol (CoAP). These three protocols have their own characteristics and differences. For this reason, it is necessary to analyze the performance of these three protocols. This research focuses on analyzing the comparison of the Quality of Service of these three protocols in term

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Sharadadevi Kaganurmath. "Post-Quantum Lightweight Key Sharing Protocol for Secure MQTT-Based IoT Networks." Journal of Information Systems Engineering and Management 10, no. 42s (2025): 532–45. https://doi.org/10.52783/jisem.v10i42s.7914.

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The Post-Quantum Lightweight Key Sharing Protocol for Secure MQTT-Based IoT Networks (PQLKS-MQTT) addresses the critical need for quantum-resistant and resource-efficient security in IoT communications. As the proliferation of IoT devices continues, securing MQTT-based networks against evolving threats, including quantum attacks, becomes imperative. PQLKS-MQTT integrates the Kyber Key Encapsulation Mechanism for post-quantum key exchanges, along with BLAKE2s hashing and ChaCha20 encryption, to ensure robust security with minimal resource consumption. Implemented using the Cooja simulator with

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Gao, Zhenyu, Jian Cao, Wei Wang, Huayun Zhang, and Zengrong Xu. "Online-Semisupervised Neural Anomaly Detector to Identify MQTT-Based Attacks in Real Time." Security and Communication Networks 2021 (September 13, 2021): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/4587862.

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Industry 4.0 focuses on continuous interconnection services, allowing for the continuous and uninterrupted exchange of signals or information between related parties. The application of messaging protocols for transferring data to remote locations must meet specific specifications such as asynchronous communication, compact messaging, operating in conditions of unstable connection of the transmission line of data, limited network bandwidth operation, support multilevel Quality of Service (QoS), and easy integration of new devices. The Message Queue Telemetry Transport (MQTT) protocol is used i

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Najeeb, Nihaala, and Shelbi Joseph. "IoT Service Search using MQTT Protocol." International Journal of Computer Sciences and Engineering 7, no. 7 (2019): 292–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.26438/ijcse/v7i7.292297.

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Al-Azam, Moh Noor, Darian Rizaludin, Yulius Satmoko Raharjo, and Aryo Nugroho. "Message Queuing Telemetry Transport dalam Internet of Things menggunakan ESP-32." JURNAL MEDIA INFORMATIKA BUDIDARMA 3, no. 3 (2019): 159. http://dx.doi.org/10.30865/mib.v3i3.1160.

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Message Queuing Telemetry Transport (MQTT) is a connectivity protocol between machines or now better known as the Internet of Things (IoT). This protocol recognizes two basic functions of M2M communication, namely publish and subscribe (pub/sub). The MQTT protocol is designed as a very simple and very lightweight message delivery protocol, designed for devices that are limited and with low bandwidth capacity, high latency or on an unreliable network. The design principles are to minimize bandwidth requirements and device resource requirements, and keep trying to ensure reliability and guarante

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Thayyib, Ahmad Reza, Irma Salamah, and Halimatussa’diyah R.A. "IoT Based Monitoring System Using MQTT Protocol on Tortilla Chips Cutting Machine." SISTEMASI 12, no. 3 (2023): 973. http://dx.doi.org/10.32520/stmsi.v12i3.3328.

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This research focuses on monitoring and controlling a tortilla chip-making machine using the MQTT protocol. Tortilla chips are a popular snack made from corn tortillas that are cut into triangles and fried or baked. The study utilizes the Internet of Things concept, where sensors are integrated into the machine to enable data exchange and communication through networks. The MQTT protocol is chosen due to its lightweight nature, making it suitable for resource-constrained devices and efficient in IoT applications. The research involves using ESP32 as the microcontroller and various sensors, suc

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Shahri, Ehsan, Paulo Pedreiras, and Luis Almeida. "Extending MQTT with Real-Time Communication Services Based on SDN." Sensors 22, no. 9 (2022): 3162. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22093162.

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MQTT is one of the most popular application-layer protocols used in the scope of the Internet-of-Things (IoT) and Industrial-Internet-of-Things (IIoT), given its suitability for resource-constrained embedded systems. However, MQTT Quality-of-Service policies do not support timeliness requirements, which is common in IIoT. The literature reports several research works that address this limitation, but they are limited in scope (e.g., improvements in the broker’s internal operation, control of the publisher’s data rate, and path optimizations). Conversely, this paper presents a comprehensive arc

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Suraj, Khot, and Mali Abhijeet. "Implementation of MQTT Protocol for Artificial Intelligence." International Journal of Engineering and Management Research 14, no. 3 (2024): 21–27. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11467295.

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The IoT-Based Attendance Management System is a sophisticated solution leveraging Azure services and MQTT protocol for efficient attendance tracking. The system comprises a Face Device equipped with facial recognition capabilities, which captures attendance data and communicates with Azure IoT Hub. The Azure IoT Hub, acting as the central hub, receives and processes attendance data from the face device, utilizing MQTT for real-time communication. A dedicated MQTT service, facilitated by the MOSQUITTO BROKER, subscribes to the Azure IoT Hub, ensuring seamless data flow between the face device a

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Dr., Samer Jaloudi. "MQTT for IoT-based Applications in Smart Cities." Palestinian Journal of Technology and Applied Sciences (PJTA) 2, no. 1 (2019): 1–13. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2576310.

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This research presents a study on the use of the MQTT communications protocol for the Internet of Things in Smart City applications. A network model is proposed and a typical practical scenario is developed based on MQTT protocol, that cope with the requirements of some Smart City applications, mainly those which use event-based messages. Many market-available embedded electronic systems were employed for this scenario including the inexpensive Wi-Fi platform ESP8266, Arduino, Raspberry, in addition to some sensors and actuators. The network model is chosen based on the TCP/IP model, and the a

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Dr., Samer Jaloudi. "MQTT for IoT-based Applications in Smart Cities." Palestinian Journal of Technology & Applied Sciences (PJTA), no. 2 (March 4, 2019): 1–13. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2582892.

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This research presents a study on the use of the MQTT communications protocol for the Internet of Things in Smart City applications. A network model is proposed and a typical practical scenario is developed based on MQTT protocol, that cope with the requirements of some Smart City applications, mainly those which use event-based messages. Many market-available embedded electronic systems were employed for this scenario including the inexpensive Wi-Fi platform ESP8266, Arduino, Raspberry, in addition to some sensors and actuators. The network model is chosen based on the TCP/IP model, and the a

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