Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'MS 2020'

This article describes the planning, the procedure, any complications, opportunities, and limitations within an analysis of the meetings and with the help of interviews of the examinees as well as the examiner and the recording clerk and thus shows a first-hand experience report which is decisive for the future. For this purpose, a list of reflections will be created, which can be used to prepare similar exams. This list will be structured in didactics, information technology, organisation, and preparation and examination regulations. Building on that, we created a timeline with a corresponding check list of actions and considerations which can be used in similar cases.

Die vorliegende Arbeit untersucht kulturelle Vorstellungen und Praktiken von Elternschaft in Deutschland. Wie Familien ihre Kinder erziehen ruft ein steigendes Interesse von Seiten der Politik, Wissenschaft und weiterer (Bildungs-)Professionen hervor. Gegenwärtig wird von Eltern erwartet, dass sie sich mit Expertenwissen auseinandersetzen, welches oftmals kostspielige und zeitaufwändige Praktiken nahelegt. Zur gleichen Zeit nehmen staatliche Akteure verstärkt Einfluss auf das familiale Leben und insbesondere die Kindererziehung. Als Folge dieser Entwicklung haben sich die kulturellen Vorstellungen von Elternschaft in Deutschland gewandelt. Mit diesen Entwicklungen beschäftigt sich die vorliegende Arbeit in drei Aufsätzen. Im Einzelnen betrachten die Artikel: (1) die Bedingungen von familienpolitischen Reformen, (2) die elterlichen Diskussionen um sich wandelnde Erwartungen sowie (3) die Auswirkung der elterlichen Klassenposition auf deren Erziehungspraktiken. Um diese Fragen zu beantworten greifen die Artikel sowohl auf Umfragedaten als auch digitale Daten zurück, die mit neuen Methoden der computergestützten Sozialforschung analysiert werden. Insgesamt erweitert die vorliegende Dissertation unser Wissen um den aktuellen Wandel von Elternschaft in Deutschland. Zudem werden innovative Methoden der computergestützten Sozialforschung in die Familiensoziologie eingeführt. Zuletzt wurde mit kulturellen Leitbildern von Elternschaft ein Zugang vorgeschlagen, der es erlaubt den gegenwärtigen Wandel von Elternschaft zu untersuchen.<br>The thesis at hand investigates conceptions and practices of parenthood in Germany. How families approach their childrearing has attracted growing interest in politics, science, and by (education) professionals. Today, parents are encouraged to seek expert advice to inform their childrearing. Such advice often involves the expenditure of considerable amounts of time and money. At the same time, the state has become increasingly active in the intimate life of families and, in particular, their parenting practices. As a result, the cultural models of parenthood in Germany have been changed. At the background of these changes, I designed three papers that analyze (1) the conditions of family policy change, (2) the way parents adopt changing expectations and demands, and (3) the relationship between parenting practices and social class. In order to address these questions, the respective articles use survey and digital data as well as methods from the computational social sciences (CSS). In sum, the dissertation expands our knowledge on the current recalibration of parenthood in Germany. It also introduces innovative methods from CSS to family sociology. Finally, cultural models of parenthood are proposed as a way to organize the research on changing standards and norms of parenthood.

<p>This master’s thesis was performed at PartnerTech AB in Åtvidaberg. It addresses the problem of managing test results obtained from testing electronics manufactured by PartnerTech. PartnerTech has developed a test system, called Tor, which performs tests on manufactured boards and stores the test results in files. The Tor system consists of both hardware and software part, where the software runs on an ordinary PC with MS DOS/Windows 2000. The effects on the existing Tor system that this thesis implies are minimal. </p><p>This work focuses on a way of storing the produced test files in a database. In this work a data model has been developed, implemented, and evaluated together with a system that imports test files into the database and a graphical user interface that allows a user to easily search and browse the stored test results. It is also possible to print test reports from the Tor system. For implementing the database system Microsoft SQL Server 2000 was chosen as database server and an XML based data format was chosen to import and export data to and from the database. Two alternative graphical user interface applications were developed and compared - one server based on Microsoft IIS and one client based in Microsoft Access. For advanced data manipulation certain parts of the system were developed in Microsoft Excel.</p>

Submitted by Caroline Periotto (carol@ufscar.br) on 2016-09-20T13:00:53Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TeseKCNF.pdf: 4541813 bytes, checksum: 014c92a82ad87ff3acacace3bf6e326d (MD5)<br>Approved for entry into archive by Marina Freitas (marinapf@ufscar.br) on 2016-09-20T18:05:53Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 TeseKCNF.pdf: 4541813 bytes, checksum: 014c92a82ad87ff3acacace3bf6e326d (MD5)<br>Approved for entry into archive by Marina Freitas (marinapf@ufscar.br) on 2016-09-20T18:06:02Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 TeseKCNF.pdf: 4541813 bytes, checksum: 014c92a82ad87ff3acacace3bf6e326d (MD5)<br>Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-20T18:06:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TeseKCNF.pdf: 4541813 bytes, checksum: 014c92a82ad87ff3acacace3bf6e326d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-06-27<br>Não recebi financiamento<br>This research work has as its object of study the relationship established between the Colégio Militar de Campo Grande, created in 1993, and the historical context in South mato-grossense ensues with the end of the cold war (1947-1991). To do so, establishes the links between the armed forces and their occupation geopolitics in Mato Grosso do Sul, the significance of this presence to the social organization of sul-mato-grossenses, power relations, the formation processes of teaching and how these elements materialize in the Colégio Militar de Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, in the field of history of School Institutions. The assumption that its creation during the last decade of the 20th century correlates with the formation of a new role as established by the armed forces after the military Government (1964-1985). The occupation of the southern territory of Mato Grosso, particularly after the war of Paraguay (1865-1870), was always associated with the issue of security and defence policy of intensifying national military presence in the State of Mato Grosso uno with the installation of the 9th military region of the army in 1921, in the city of Campo Grande. We reviewed the Constitution of the professionalization of the military in the new State and its alignment to North American geopolitics after World War II through the development of the national security doctrine by Escola Superior de Guerra. Thus, the hypothesis that guides our research part of the understanding that the presence of the armed forces in the South of Mato Grosso and Mato Grosso do Sul, until 1988, was linked to the geopolitical conception of capitalist occupation of territory and at the same time, the protection of cultural and political values of the so-called "Western Christian civilization." Thus, after the end of military dictatorship (1985) and the so-called "real socialism" (1991) the Brazilian military strategy has changed as a result of the new role assigned to the armed forces, whose traces can be observed in the creation of the Colegio Militar de Campo Grande. This College stands out from other public high schools in the State in the face of your infrastructure, your organization and your defense of hierarchy and discipline seated moral principles advocated by Émile Durkheim. In summary, we seek to answer the following questions: as if built historically the presence of military in Mato Grosso do Sul? How the internals of the College expressing the strategy adopted by the armed forces in this new role? What are the constituent elements of the school? The sources used were obtained through interviews and questionnaires, semistructured documents and bibliographies in both physical and virtual support. The basic theory analysis based explanatory theoretical Gramscian stance.<br>O presente trabalho de pesquisa tem como objeto de estudo a relação que se estabeleceu entre o Colégio Militar de Campo Grande, criado em 1993, e o contexto histórico sul-matogrossense advindo com o fim da Guerra Fria (1947-1991). Para tanto, estabelece os nexos entre as Forças Armadas e sua ocupação geopolítica em Mato Grosso do Sul, o significado dessa presença para a organização social dos sul-mato-grossenses, as relações de poder presentes, os processos de formação de ensino e como estes elementos se materializam no Colégio Militar de Campo Grande – Mato Grosso do Sul, inserindo-se no campo da História das Instituições Escolares. Partimos do pressuposto de que a sua criação durante a última década do século XX correlaciona-se com a constituição de um novo papel estabelecido pelas Forças Armadas após os governos militares (1964-1985). A ocupação do território sulista de Mato Grosso, particularmente após a Guerra do Paraguai (1865-1870), sempre esteve associado à questão da política de defesa e segurança nacional intensificando a presença dos militares no estado do Mato Grosso uno com a instalação da 9ª Região Militar do Exército, em 1921, na cidade de Campo Grande. Analisamos a constituição da profissionalização dos militares no Estado Novo e seu alinhamento a geopolítica norte- americana após a II Guerra Mundial por meio do desenvolvimento da Doutrina de Segurança Nacional pela Escola Superior de Guerra. Desta forma, a hipótese que norteia a nossa investigação parte da compreensão de que a presença das Forças Armadas no sul de Mato Grosso e Mato Grosso do Sul, até 1988, estava ligada à concepção geopolítica de ocupação capitalista do território e, ao mesmo tempo, à defesa dos valores culturais e políticos da chamada ―civilização ocidental cristã‖. Assim, após o fim da ditadura militar (1985) e do chamado ―socialismo real‖ (1991) a estratégia dos militares brasileiros mudou em decorrência do novo papel que foi atribuído às Forças Armadas, cujos traços podem ser observados na criação do Colégio Militar de Campo Grande. Este Colégio destaca-se de outros colégios públicos do Estado em face de sua infraestrutura, organização e de sua defesa da hierarquia e disciplina assentada nos princípios da moral preconizada por Émile Durkheim. Em síntese, buscamos responder as seguintes questões: como se construiu historicamente a presença dos militares em Mato Grosso do Sul? Como os elementos internos do colégio expressam a estratégia adotada pelas Forças Armadas nesse novo papel? Quais são os elementos constitutivos da escola? As fontes utilizadas foram obtidas por meio de entrevistas e questionários semi-estruturados, dos documentos e bibliografias tanto em suporte físico quanto virtual. A análise privilegiou a teoria gramsciana como base teórica explicativa.

Approximately 10 years ago, “bath salts” were popularized as legal alternatives to the psychostimulants cocaine and the amphetamines, circumventing legislation with packages marked, “not for human consumption.” These products contained synthetic cathinones including 3,4-methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV), 4-methylmethcathinone (mephedrone), and 3,4-methylenedioxymethcathinone (methylone). The synthetic cathinones have similar pharmacology to controlled psychostimulants, increasing levels of dopamine (DA) in the synaptic cleft, while also exhibiting similar psychoactive effects such as increased energy and euphoria. Additionally, adverse effects of “bath salts” are similar to controlled psychostimulants, such as chest pain, shortness of breath, and hallucinations. Most preclinical investigations have only assessed the effects of these synthetic cathinones independently; however, case reports and DEA studies indicate that “bath salts” contain mixtures of these substances. Therefore, in a recent study by our laboratory, we examined effects of individual versus combined exposure to MDPV, mephedrone, and methylone. Interestingly, an enhanced effect on the levels of DA in a number of brain regions was observed, as well as significant alterations in locomotor activity following co-exposure to the cathinones. Here, we examine if the enhanced effects of the drug combination are due to pharmacokinetic (PK) interactions. Many of the same cytochrome isoenzymes metabolize each of these 3 drugs; thus, it is probable that the drugs’ PK would differ when administered individually as compared to in combination. We hypothesized that combined exposure to MDPV, mephedrone, and methylone would result in increased total drug concentrations when compared to individual administration. Briefly, adolescent male Swiss-Webster mice were injected intraperitoneally with either 10 mg/kg MDPV, 10 mg/kg mephedrone, 10 mg/kg methylone, or 10 mg/kg combined MDPV, mephedrone, and methylone. Following injection, brains and plasma were collected at the following time points: 1, 10, 15, 30, 60, and 120 minutes. Drugs were extracted via solid-phase extraction, and concentrations were determined using a previously published high pressure-liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method. All drugs quickly crossed the blood-brain barrier and entered the brain. PK data for methylone and mephedrone was consistent with our hypothesis. For methylone, the maximal concentration (Cmax) and the total drug exposure (as represented by the area under the curve (AUC)) were significantly higher when combined with mephedrone and MDPV in both matrices. For mephedrone, the Cmax was unchanged, but AUC in brain was increased when combined with the other two drugs. However, interestingly, for MDPV, the Cmax was unchanged, yet the AUC in brain was higher when MDPV was administered individually. These data provide insight into the consequences of co-exposure to synthetic cathinones in popular “bath salt” products.

The Cedar Mountain Formation contains the most diverse record of Early Cretaceous dinosaurs in the western hemisphere. However, analyses of its faunas have been hindered because 1) most taxa are based on incomplete/fragmentary materials or incomplete descriptions, 2) most sites and some horizons preserve few taxa, and 3) the stratigraphy and geochronology are poorly understood. To help resolve these stratigraphic and correlation problems U-Pb LA-ICP-MS detrital zircon ages were obtained at significant sites and horizons. These dates indicate all sites at or near the base of the formation are no older than 122 to 124 Ma, thus all basal stratigraphic packages are time equivalent. Detrital zircons coarsely bracket the temporal span of the Ruby Ranch Member between about 115 Ma to 111 Ma while the base of the Mussentuchit Member is dated between 108 to 104 Ma and the top of the member is Cenomanian in age. Multivariate analyses utilizing Simpson and Raup-Crick similarity index and pair-group moving algorithms reveal that formationfs faunas fall into two groups. These groups are compared statistically with European, Asian, and Morrison faunas. Results indicate (1) that there is no close relationship between the Yellow Cat fauna and the Morrison Formation fauna and (2) corroborate long-standing hypotheses that the Yellow Cat fauna has European ties and the Mussentuchit fauna has Asian ties. Detrital zircon LA-ICP-MS U-Pb ages were used in this study to approximate the time of deposition of strata because volcanic ashes are rarely preserved in the formation. The ability to select the youngest crystals in a sample prior to applying analytical methods could substantially reduce the number of crystals and cost required to obtain these dates. To this end, the hypothesis that the most pristine, unabraded crystals should be younger than abraded crystals was tested by imaging detrital zircons via SEM, ranking the crystals by the degree of abrasion, and determining their ages. Results of this study partly corroborate the hypothesis in that there is a correlation between the degree of abrasion and ages – obviously abraded crystals are most likely the oldest while pristine to slightly abraded crystals are usually the youngest in a given sample.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-02-26T14:52:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MiriamCristinFrancoMateu.pdf: 547507 bytes, checksum: 3234aeaa1dac1667f544e87a8d1d03ca (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-04-05<br>The changes which occurred in the work world in the last decades of the 20th century provided the new relation between the capital and the work. Flexibility was imposed as a bigger production and profits by the companies. New management practices and as a result, new work habits shaped a new profile of worker, and the collaborators, who dedicate themselves to their company and many times make a patron-like rhetoric as it was their own voice, being alienated from their collective representative, the Labor Union. So, the labor union force went through a crisis of originality, mingled by this state of things and by internal disputes between the combative and liberal chains. The speech of negotiation, as the best judge and instrument of fight, was present in almost all the labor unions, even the more historically combative. The present work studied this process of metamorphosis in the work world and its implications to the bank sector, especially, in Dourados City, during the 1990 s. It is aimed to analyze the tendencies and practices that were consolidated in their locus and that transformed the way it worked and mainly the bank workers<br>As mudanças ocorridas no mundo do trabalho nas últimas décadas do século XX redimensionaram as relações entre o capital e o trabalho. A flexibilização se impôs como resposta a maior produção e lucratividade das empresas. Novas práticas de gerenciamento, e por sua vez, novos hábitos de trabalho moldaram um novo perfil de trabalhador, o colaborador, que veste a camisa de sua empresa e por vezes faz da retórica patronal sua própria voz, alheando-se de seu representante coletivo, o Sindicato. Assim, o sindicalismo passou por uma crise de legitimidade, fragilizado por este estado de coisas e por disputas internas entre correntes combativas e liberais. O discurso da negociação, como melhor árbitro e instrumento de luta, rondou quase a unanimidade dos sindicatos, até mesmo, os historicamente mais combativos. O presente trabalho estuda esse processo de metamorfose no mundo do trabalho e suas implicações no interior do setor bancário, especificamente, o alocado na cidade de Dourados, durante a década de 1990. Buscou analisar as tendências e práticas que se consolidam no seu lócus e transformaram seu funcionamento e, principalmente, o trabalhador bancário

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-04T12:45:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 pricilla_oliveira_ioc_dout_2007.pdf: 1378604 bytes, checksum: f0dbf6910f9fd7228967184a959a3bd6 (MD5) license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007<br>Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil<br>expansão e a urbanização da leishmaniose visceral (LV) em Mato Grosso do Sul tornaram a doença um problema de saúde pública no Estado. Para conhecer o comportamento clínico e epidemiológico da LV em indivíduos infectados pelo HIV, foi estudada uma série de 23 casos atendidos em dois hospitais da capital, Campo Grande, região Centro-Oeste do Brasil, de janeiro de 2000 a dezembro de 2006. Foram incluídos os pacientes com resultado sorológico positivo para o HIV documentado no prontuário e cultura positiva para Leishmania sp. em aspirado de medula óssea. Oitenta e sete por cento dos pacientes eram do sexo masculino, com mediana de idade de 37 anos (variando de 21 a 56 anos) Todos os pacientes foram procedentes de Mato Grosso do Sul. 34,8% dos pacientes apresentavam o uso de drogas injetáveis como categoria de exposição para o HIV. A maioria dos pacientes apresentava imunodeficiência avançada, com 80% dos pacientes com contagem de linfócitos T CD4+ inferior a 200 células/mm3 (mediana - 44,5 células/mm3) durante o primeiro episódio de LV. Apesar deste fato, ambas as doenças foram diagnosticadas simultaneamente em 43% dos pacientes. Todos os pacientes infectados pelo HIV com LV apresentaram febre e 78% hepatoesplenomegalia. Os pacientes apresentaram graus variados de diminuição das células sangüíneas e de anormalidades bioquímicas A pesquisa direta de Leishmania sp. em aspirado de medula óssea demonstrou alta positividade (87%) nos pacientes estudados. Cinco pacientes foram tratados exclusivamente com antimoniato de meglumina, cinco pacientes exclusivamente com desoxicolato de Anfotericina B e doze pacientes foram tratados com ambas as terapias, por reação adversa ou falha ao antimoniato de meglumina. Uma a duas recidivas por paciente foram observadas em 56,7% dos casos. Somente um paciente foi a óbito em conseqüência da LV<br>The outspread and urbanization of visceral leishma niasis in Mato Grosso do Sul becoming the disease a public health problem in the state. To know the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of visceral leishmaniasis in HIV patients, a series of 23 patients attended in Campo Grande, center west region of Brazil, from 2000 to 2006, was studied. We selected the patients with HIV and bone marrow culture positive for leishmaniasis The medi an age of patients was 37 years (range 21*56), 87% were male, All the patients live d in Mato Grosso do Sul, 34.8 percent of patients had intravenous drug use as the ir HIV transmission category. The majority of patients had advanced HIV disease, 80 p ercent had CD4+T cells count less than 200 cells/mm 3 and a median of 44.5 cells/mm3 during the first ep isode of visceral leishmaniasis. Despite of this fact, both diseases were diagnosed at the same time in 43 percent of the patients. All HIV in fected patients with visceral leishmaniasis presented fever, 78 percent presented enlargement of the liver and spleen. The patients presented varying degrees of b lood cytopenias and biochemical abnormalities. Diagnosis was also achieved in 87% o f the patients with the detection of Leishmania amastigotes in Giemsa*stained smears from aspirate s of bone marrow Five patients were treated only with meglumine anti moniate, four patients were treated with only amphotericin B and twelve patient s were treated with both therapies. One or two relapses were seen in 56.7 pe rcent of patients. Only one patient died due to leishmaniosis

Bakalauro darbe nagrinėjamas trupmeninių tiesinių uždavinių sprendimas MS Office Excel Solver ir AMPL pagalba. Aprašomas taikomųjų projektų, skirtų trupmeniniams tiesiniams programavimo uždaviniams spręsti, kūrimas. Pateikti sprendimo rezultatai bei atliktas projektų palyginimas. Aptartos iškilusios problemos ir nurodyta, kaip jas išspręsti.<br>In this Bachelor work the derivation of fractional linear tasks are being researched and analyzed via MS Office Excel Solver and AMPL. Described in the application projects for fractional linear programming problem solution development. Provide the results and the comparison of the schemes was care out. Problems which appeared in this work were discussed as well as the solutions provided.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-02-26T14:52:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 GrazihelyBereniceFernandesSPaulon.pdf: 2103917 bytes, checksum: 405774d1b43b8fdf9f7a8bf18d912f63 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-08-19<br>This thesis aims to study women contribution to the Rede de Economia Solidária (the Solidarity Economy Network) of Dourados-MS since the year 2000. This discussion is guided on the theoretical framework of gender, which allows reflection on power relations and social inequalities based on gender. Stereotypes historically created from women biological definitions are those that represent delicacy, sensitivity, the female essence, a fragile body, delegating it to the domestic sphere and as a tool for reproduction, while the man represents the strength, the intellectual, the head of the family and politics. Such assumptions are challenged daily and reveal new arrangements, they result in the restructuring of behaviors and ways of living the gender identities and social roles. The study of the arise and development of the Economia Solidária in Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul, aims to understand the historical process, the collective motivations that led these excluded groups to position themselves as subjects in theirs history, as well as effective changes in lives of women involved. In order to achieve that, it is used a qualitative methodology, based on the dialogue between the fields of history and sociology and on the use of certain procedures, including: documentary analysis and interviews. The written sources consist of official documents granted by Dourados City Hall, through its Social Assistance and Solidarity Economy Secretariat, the NGO Mulheres em Movimento, Banco Pirê and other government agencies. The other sources, non-written ones, are semi-structured interviews with women who participated directly or indirectly of the historical process of structuring the Solidarity Economy in Dourados. This group is composed of enterprising women and representatives of public agencies involved in the enactment of public policies since the period determined in this research. As the research developed it was possible to reach a theoretical reflection on the concept of Solidarity Economy and Gender. This is necessary to understand the working relations and gender in the context of an alternative economic model, its historical trajectory and its reality in the city context. This development allowed us to consider how the development of Solidarity Economy has become instrument for social inclusion and empowerment of low-income communities. It has contributed to the affirmation of these social actors in the uneven and dysfunctional social context. Furthermore, it was observed the progress and setbacks in the process of female emancipation, towards not only economic autonomy but in the context of decisions regarding their own lives. The social and political consequences of their actions enable new questions and provide solutions, reinforcing the need to hear these actors. History and Sociology play a fundamental role to demonstrate how people are part of a social dynamic in which there are constant dialogues and conflicts among different groups in society<br>Esta dissertação tem por objetivo analisar a participação das mulheres na Rede de Economia Solidária de Dourados-MS, a partir do ano 2000. Para tanto, a discussão está pautada no arcabouço teórico de gênero, o qual permite reflexões sobre as relações de poder e as desigualdades sociais fundamentadas no sexo. Os estereótipos criados historicamente a partir de definições biológicas para as mulheres são aqueles que simbolizam a delicadeza, a sensibilidade, a essência feminina, um corpo frágil, delegando-a ao espaço doméstico e como instrumento para a reprodução da espécie humana, enquanto o homem representa a força, o intelectual, o chefe de família e a política. No entanto, tais pressupostos são questionados cotidianamente e demonstram novas configurações. Estas resultam em reestruturações de comportamentos e modos de viver as identidades de gênero e os papéis sociais. A análise do surgimento e desenvolvimento da Economia Solidária em Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul, tem o propósito de perceber no processo histórico, as motivações coletivas que levaram estes grupos excluídos a se posicionarem como sujeitos participantes de sua história, bem como as mudanças efetivadas nas vidas de mulheres envolvidas. Utiliza-se neste trabalho uma metodologia qualitativa, estruturada no diálogo entre os campos da História e da Sociologia e na utilização de alguns procedimentos, dentre eles: análise documental e entrevistas. As fontes escritas compõem-se dos documentos oficiais cedidos pela a Prefeitura Municipal de Dourados, através da Secretaria de Assistência Social e Economia Solidária, ONG Mulheres em Movimento, Banco Pirê e demais órgãos governamentais. As fontes orais são as entrevistas semi-estruturadas com as mulheres que participaram direta ou indiretamente do processo histórico de estruturação da Economia Solidária no município de Dourados, objetivando compreender as interfaces deste processo, seus avanços e recuos, além de analisar a relação com as políticas públicas efetivadas em âmbitos municipal, estadual e federal. Fazem parte deste grupo, as empreendedoras solidárias e também, os/as representantes dos órgãos públicos envolvidos na efetivação de políticas públicas a partir do período delimitado para esta pesquisa. Com o desenvolvimento da pesquisa foi possível chegar a uma reflexão teórica referente à conceituação de Economia Solidária e Gênero, necessária para compreender as relações de trabalho e gênero no contexto do modelo econômico alternativo, sua trajetória histórica e sua realidade no contexto douradense. Esse processo permitiu analisar como os empreendimentos de Economia Solidária, considerando o período de sua criação em Dourados, a partir de 2000, se transformaram em instrumentos de inclusão social e empoderamento das comunidades de baixa renda especialmente das mulheres que participam em maior número , contribuindo para a afirmação destes/as atores/atrizes sociais no contexto social desigual e conflituoso. Além disso, observou-se os avanços e os recuos no processo de emancipação feminina, rumo à autonomia não somente econômica mas no âmbito das decisões referentes aos rumos de sua vida. Cada vez mais as conseqüências sociais e políticas de sua atuação possibilitam novos questionamentos e trazem soluções, fortalecendo a necessidade de ouvir estes/as atores/atrizes. A História e a Sociologia, neste sentido, possuem papel fundamental para demonstrar como as pessoas fazem parte de uma dinâmica social, na qual há diálogos e conflitos constantes entre os diferentes grupos na sociedade

Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro Tecnológico. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia de Produção.<br>Made available in DSpace on 2012-10-18T13:17:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0Bitstream added on 2014-09-25T22:37:10Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 186502.pdf: 68702531 bytes, checksum: f280795d10300aa5ee3a87a7e98c56df (MD5)<br>Esta pesquisa tem a finalidade de detectar problemas decorrentes das dificuldades encontradas por usuários inexperientes, na operação de interfaces gráficas. A realização de operações de manipulação de arquivos como gravar, abrir, fechar, renomear, criar pastas, inserir senhas e mais uma série de tarefas onde a performance dos usuários é prejudicada. Esta dificuldade é procedente de problemas ergonômicos encontrados na interface onde a tarefa é realizada. Este trabalho propõe avaliar as interfaces Abrir e Salvar Como, comum a vários softwares da plataforma Windows, para buscar e obter indícios de incidentes e passos desnecessários que possam provocar barreiras e obstáculos que acarretam desconfortos, aborrecimentos, constrangimentos ou, até mesmo, traumas a uma pessoa na interação de interfaces humano-computador. Para a comprovação de tais problemas, será realizada a inspeção de usabilidade que utiliza técnicas como a avaliação heurística e o ensaio de interação humano-computador. A finalidade desta inspeção consiste em detectar a natureza destes problemas e em que contexto eles ocorrem. O usuário será submetido à técnica de verbalização simultânea onde um avaliador induz ao usuário a "pensar alto", para com isto, observar suas atitudes, reações e tomadas de decisões. Isto irá determinar o grau de facilidade ou dificuldade da interface.

Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, 2008.<br>Submitted by Larissa Ferreira dos Angelos (ferreirangelos@gmail.com) on 2009-10-05T18:10:04Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2008_PatriciaCardosoPortela.pdf: 2951466 bytes, checksum: bf899b04fcc61581f0371590568bece5 (MD5)<br>Approved for entry into archive by Tania Milca Carvalho Malheiros(tania@bce.unb.br) on 2009-10-16T13:43:33Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2008_PatriciaCardosoPortela.pdf: 2951466 bytes, checksum: bf899b04fcc61581f0371590568bece5 (MD5)<br>Made available in DSpace on 2009-10-16T13:43:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2008_PatriciaCardosoPortela.pdf: 2951466 bytes, checksum: bf899b04fcc61581f0371590568bece5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008<br>O Programa Estadual de Proteção à Gestante de Mato Grosso do Sul (PEPG-MS) realizou a triagem para a infecção pelo HTLV1-2 em 155.807 gestantes entre 2002 e 2006, através da técnica de ELISA em papel filtro. Com o objetivo de conhecer o comportamento do HTLV frente aos testes laboratoriais utilizados no PEPG-MS, foi realizado estudo descritivo onde foram encontrados 206 (0,13%) casos de HTLV, que foram confirmados pela técnica de ELISA e Western Blot no soro. Das 206 gestantes, 13,1% foram diagnosticadas como indeterminadas, 76,6% como HTLV-1, 9,7% como HTLV-2 e 1 (0,4%) como infecção mista (HTLV 1 e 2). Em relação aos resultados do Western Blot, 54,0% apresentaram 11 bandas presentes (4 proteínas ENV e 7 proteínas GAG), sendo que, 72,9% destes casos correspondem ao HTLV-1, refletindo uma forte reação do vírus frente às proteínas utilizadas no teste. O HTLV-2 apresentou uma reação mais fraca do que o tipo 1, onde a combinação de maior freqüência foi de 2 proteínas ENV com 1 GAG, representando 33,3% do total. Uma reatividade mais fraca ainda, e mais distribuída, pode ser observada nos casos indeterminados, em que 30,7% apresentaram apenas 2 bandas reagentes sendo que, no cruzamento das proteínas ENV e GAG, houve uma distribuição desta maneira: 0 ENV e 2 GAG, 2 ENV e 0 GAG e 1 ENV e 1 GAG. Por se tratar de um caso raro, a infecção mista provavelmente só pode ser detectada em um estudo com uma amostra grande como este. O PEPG-MS segue os critérios de diagnósticos para o HTLV recomendados pelo Ministério da Saúde. A triagem pré-natal é de suma importância na prevenção da transmissão vertical, além de possibilitar a tomada de medidas preventivas para evitar as outras formas de transmissão. _______________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT<br>The Program for Pregnant Women Protection of Mato Grosso do Sul carried out the initial trial for the HTLV 1-2 infection in 155.807 pregnant women, between 2002 and 2006, by the means of ELISA technique in filter paper. Aiming to get knowledge about the HTLV behavior in face of the laboratorial tests used in the Program, a descriptive study was done in which 206 cases of HTLV were found (0,13%) that had their confirmation by the means of ELISA and Western Blot techniques in serum. From those 206 pregnant women, 13,1% had their diagnosis as indeterminate, 76,6% due to HTLV-1, 9,7% due to HTLV-2 and 1 case (0,4%) of mixed infection (HTLV 1 and 2). Concerning to the results obtained with the Western Blot technique, 54,0% presented 11 bands (4 ENV proteins and 7 GAG proteins), so that 72,9% of these cases refer to HTLV-1, reflecting a strong virus reaction to the proteins used in the test. The HTLV-2 showed an even weaker than that caused by the type 1 that had its most frequent combination as 2 ENV proteins with 1 GAG. Whereas it is a rare case, a mixed infection can probably be detected only in studies with great samples, like this one. The Program for Pregnant Women Protection of Mato Grosso do Sul follows the criteria for HTLV diagnosis recommended by the Ministry of Health. The prenatal initial trial is of great importance for the prevention of vertical transmission, besides the fact of making it possible to take preventive actions in order to avoid other manners of transmission.

In dieser Arbeit geht es um die Frage nach dem Zusammenhang von beruflicher Position und anderen Einflussfaktoren auf die Väteridentität. Dabei werden in einer quantitativen Auswertung neben soziostrukturellen Variablen, wie Einkommen und beruflicher Verantwortungsgrad auch Einstellungen und Präferenzen der Väter im Hinblick auf ihre Väteridentität analysiert. Es kann gezeigt werden, dass der Beruf nur einen geringen Teil des Einflusses auf die Väteridentität darstellt und vielmehr Faktoren wie die Partnerin oder bestimmte Einstellungen ihre väterliche Identität ebenso prägen. Dies bedeutet einerseits, dass sich die Sozialisation von Vätern hinsichtlich ihrer Identität nur in einem Mehrebenenmodell wirklich voll erfassen lässt. Andererseits werden das Wohlbefinden und die subjektive Einstellung von Vätern, neben den soziostrukturellen Faktoren, als Einflussfaktoren auch im familienpolitischen Zusammenhang relevant. Die Väteridentität wird hier anhand des Konstanzer Väterinstruments getestet und misst sieben Faktoren: Belastung, Bereicherung, Geduld, Zeit/Beziehung, Durchsetzen und Freilassen. Die Datengrundlage besteht aus einer eigenen quantitativen Erhebung von 166 Vätern.<br>The current discussion about „new fathers“ assumes a significant correlation between work context and father engagement. But exactly which factors influence paternal identity and a distinct interpretation of fatherhood? Besides social structural variables like position within the labor market or income, this dissertation measures additional influencing variables like fathers’ preferences and partnership variables on father identity. The concept of father identity is based on seven subjective dimensions: mental strain, gain, patience, time/relationship, ability to assert oneself and releasability. Evaluating this concept of paternal identity shows that factors related to employment have less influence on fathers’ identities as may expected. Furthermore, this study shows that fathers’ identity is influenced by a mixture of socio-structural and non-sociostructural factors alike. These have to be measured in a multidimensional model. Data comes from self-administered questionnaires among 166 fathers. The evaluation of the concept of paternal identity was done by quantitative bivariate and multivariate statistical methods.

Submitted by Erondina Silva (erondinasilva@ufgd.edu.br) on 2010-10-22T19:11:37Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTAÇÃO_IreneQuaresmaAzevedoViana.pdf: 763247 bytes, checksum: 5daef7a7c539fd9e70466b71aa2801fe (MD5)<br>Approved for entry into archive by Erondina Silva(erondinasilva@ufgd.edu.br) on 2010-10-22T19:12:16Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTAÇÃO_IreneQuaresmaAzevedoViana.pdf: 763247 bytes, checksum: 5daef7a7c539fd9e70466b71aa2801fe (MD5)<br>Made available in DSpace on 2010-10-22T19:12:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTAÇÃO_IreneQuaresmaAzevedoViana.pdf: 763247 bytes, checksum: 5daef7a7c539fd9e70466b71aa2801fe (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-12-14<br>O presente trabalho consiste em apresentar algumas caracterizações acerca do Ensino de História contribuindo para o debate do ofício de historiador, discursando sobre as reflexões presentes, por entender a História como um fazer permanente e a investigação histórica como uma busca aberta às múltiplas possibilidades. Trata-se de discutir a temática que envolve o Ensino de História partindo de uma forma mais ampla, desde sua implantação no currículo, percorrendo algumas normatizações legais sobre o Ensino até chegarmos à especificidade: “O Ensino de História nas Escolas Públicas no período de 1971 a 2002, ´o caso da Escola Estadual Presidente Vargas de Dourados/MS´”, em que contextualizamos a história da escola com as práticas pedagógicas aplicadas no Ensino de História. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT - This work is to present some characterizations about the Teaching of History contributing to the debate of the letter of historian, speaking of the present thoughts, for understanding the History as to be a permanent historical and research as a search open to many possibilities. It is discussing the issue involving the "Teaching of History" from a broader, since its inception in the curriculum, traveling some official norms education on the study until we get to our uniqueness, "The Teaching of History in the Schools Public in the period from 1971 to 2002, the case of School State President Vargas of Dourados / MS´”where we discussed about the history of the school with teaching practices applied in the teaching of history.

Antoine Arlier, fils d'un notaire de Calvisson, naquit vers le début du XVIe siècle. Il fit ses études de droit et de littérature en France, puis en italie, ou il se lia d'amitié avec Etienne Dolet. Premier consul de Nîmes en 1535, il fut nommé lieutenant du sénéchal de Provence au siège d'Arles en novembre de la même année et devint, en 1538, conseiller au parlement français de Turin. Sa correspondance le revèle à la fois comme un des plus fidèles serviteurs de la politique de françois 1er et un des principaux promoteurs de la Renaissance à Nîmes. Arlier participa activement à la réforme de la justice en Provence à partir de 1536, contribua à la défense d'Arles pendant la guerre avec l'empereur Charles Quint (1536), aida dans les préparations de l'entrevue d'Aigues-mortes (1538) et joua un rôle important dans l'établissement d'une université des arts à Nîmes. De 1539 jusqu'à sa mort obscure vers la deuxième moitié de 1545, il a rendu des services à sa patrie dans l'administration du territoire occupé du Piemont. Cette édition de sa correspondance latine contient 81 de ses lettres adressées à des gens d'église, juristes, magistrats, poêtes, humanistes et educateurs français et étrangers, de 1527 à 1545<br>Antoine arlier, son of a notary public of calvisson, was born around the beginning of the 16th century. He studied law and literature first in france, then in italy, where he became friends with etienne dolet. Having been first consul of nimes in 1535, he was designated lieutenant-seneschal of arles in novembre of the same year, and in 1538 obtained a senatorial appointment at the french parliament of turino. His correspondence reveals him both as a trustworthy supporter of francis i and as one of the principal promotors of the french renaissance in nimes. Arlier actively participated in the judicial reform of provence as early as 1536, contributed to the defence of arles during the war with the emperor charles v (1536), helped prepare the interview of aigues-mortes (1538) and played and important role in the establishment of the university of nimes. From 1539 until his obscure death in the latter part of 1545, he served his country as a high-ranking administrator in the occupied territory of piedmont. This edition of his latin correspondence contains 81 of the author's letters adressed to both foreign and domestic clergy members, jurists, magistrates, poets, humanists and educators, from 1527 to 1545

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:28:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2006-05-08Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:15:51Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 tutes_er_me_botfm.pdf: 2501133 bytes, checksum: b9d523ae3c2d7179240486569c5878e6 (MD5)<br>Analisar os resultados iniciais da triagem auditiva neonatal, obtidos na maternidade antes da alta hospitalar, em recém-nascidos de dois hospitais públicos de Campo Grande, MS. Método: estudo de coorte transversal com 20044 recém-nascidos de dois hospitais no período de janeiro de 2002 a dezembro de 2005. Foram utilizadas as Emissões Otoacústicas Evocadas Transientes (EOAETs) e a Pesquisa do Reflexo Cócleo-palpebral (RCP). Os resultados dos testes foram classificados em passa e falha para as EOAETs e em presente ou ausente para o RCP. Foram analisados em relação ao(s): local de nascimento, tempo de vida no momento da avaliação, peso ao nascimento, sexo, tipo de parto, valores de Apgar, convênio assistencial e risco para deficiência auditiva segundo o Joint Committee Infant Hearing (JCIH). Resultados: Foram testados 95,96% dos recém-nascidos dos dois hospitais; nesta amostra 87,52% de recém-nascidos foram de baixo risco e 12,48% de alto risco para a deficiência auditiva. Houve predominância de respostas passa nas EOAETs para o sexo feminino e para o parto normal. Também foi observada relação de aumento de peso e aumento das respostas passa. Na população de baixo risco auditivo, conforme aumentava o tempo de vida no momento da avaliação, os resultados de passa também aumentavam; já na população de alto risco auditivo esta relação não foi observada. Conclusão: Este programa pode ser considerado como válido de acordo com as recomendações do JCIH.<br>To analyze the initial results of the neonatal hearing sreening, gotten in the maternity before the discharge hospital, in newborns of two public hospitals of Campo Grande, MS. Method: transversal study of coorte with 20044 newborns of two hospitals in the period of January of 2002 the December of 2005. The Transient Evoked Otoacoustic Emissions (TEOAEs) and the cochleo-palpebral refex (CPR) had been used. The results of the tests had been classified in pass and fail for the TEOAEs and in present or absent for the CPR . They had been analyzed in relation the: place of birth, time of life at the moment of the evaluation, weight to the birth, sex, type of childbirth, values of Apgar, assistencial accord and risk for hearing impairment according to Joint Committee Infant Hearing (JCIH). Results: 95.96% of the newborns of the two hospitals had been tested; in this sample 87.52% of newborns had been of low risk and 12.48% of high risk for the hearing loss. It had predominance of answers pass in the TEOAEs for the feminine sex and the normal childbirth. Also relation of weight increase was observed and increased of the answers pass. In the population of low auditory risk, as it increased the time of life at the moment of the evaluation, the results pass increased; already in the population of high auditory risk this relation was not observed. Conclusion: This program can be considered as valid in accordance with the recommendations of the JCIH.

Orientador: Ercília Maria C. Trezza<br>Banca: Ercília Maria Carone Trezza<br>Banca: Lígia Maria Suppo de Souza Rugolo<br>Banca: Sthella Zanchetta<br>Resumo: Analisar os resultados iniciais da triagem auditiva neonatal, obtidos na maternidade antes da alta hospitalar, em recém-nascidos de dois hospitais públicos de Campo Grande, MS. Método: estudo de coorte transversal com 20044 recém-nascidos de dois hospitais no período de janeiro de 2002 a dezembro de 2005. Foram utilizadas as Emissões Otoacústicas Evocadas Transientes (EOAETs) e a Pesquisa do Reflexo Cócleo-palpebral (RCP). Os resultados dos testes foram classificados em "passa" e "falha" para as EOAETs e em "presente" ou "ausente" para o RCP. Foram analisados em relação ao(s): local de nascimento, tempo de vida no momento da avaliação, peso ao nascimento, sexo, tipo de parto, valores de Apgar, convênio assistencial e risco para deficiência auditiva segundo o Joint Committee Infant Hearing (JCIH). Resultados: Foram testados 95,96% dos recém-nascidos dos dois hospitais; nesta amostra 87,52% de recém-nascidos foram de baixo risco e 12,48% de alto risco para a deficiência auditiva. Houve predominância de respostas "passa" nas EOAETs para o sexo feminino e para o parto normal. Também foi observada relação de aumento de peso e aumento das respostas "passa". Na população de baixo risco auditivo, conforme aumentava o tempo de vida no momento da avaliação, os resultados de "passa" também aumentavam; já na população de alto risco auditivo esta relação não foi observada. Conclusão: Este programa pode ser considerado como válido de acordo com as recomendações do JCIH.<br>Abstract: To analyze the initial results of the neonatal hearing sreening, gotten in the maternity before the discharge hospital, in newborns of two public hospitals of Campo Grande, MS. Method: transversal study of coorte with 20044 newborns of two hospitals in the period of January of 2002 the December of 2005. The Transient Evoked Otoacoustic Emissions (TEOAEs) and the cochleo-palpebral refex (CPR) had been used. The results of the tests had been classified in "pass" and "fail" for the TEOAEs and in "present" or "absent" for the CPR . They had been analyzed in relation the: place of birth, time of life at the moment of the evaluation, weight to the birth, sex, type of childbirth, values of Apgar, assistencial accord and risk for hearing impairment according to Joint Committee Infant Hearing (JCIH). Results: 95.96% of the newborns of the two hospitals had been tested; in this sample 87.52% of newborns had been of low risk and 12.48% of high risk for the hearing loss. It had predominance of answers "pass" in the TEOAEs for the feminine sex and the normal childbirth. Also relation of weight increase was observed and increased of the answers "pass". In the population of low auditory risk, as it increased the time of life at the moment of the evaluation, the results "pass" increased; already in the population of high auditory risk this relation was not observed. Conclusion: This program can be considered as valid in accordance with the recommendations of the JCIH.<br>Mestre

Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmácia, Florianópolis, 2010<br>Made available in DSpace on 2012-10-25T07:02:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 285329.pdf: 5620210 bytes, checksum: 1b9bb6ac8bbcbc3643f5c4dfc08d52ab (MD5)<br>A artrite reumatóide é uma desordem autoimune, de etiologia desconhecida, caracterizada por acometimento poliarticular simétrico progressivo que leva à deformidade e destruição das articulações devido à erosão da cartilagem e do osso. Além disso, pode apresentar sintomas constitucionais e acometimento de outros órgãos, que aumenta a morbidade e a gravidade da doença. É responsável por um impacto econômico significativo, não apenas para os pacientes, familiares e provedores de saúde, mas, também, para a sociedade como um todo. Diante deste contexto, o presente estudo teve como objetivo estimar os custos relacionados à artrite reumatóide, em pacientes atendidos por meio do Componente Especializado da Assistência Farmacêutica/MS (CEAF) na Farmácia Escola UFSC/PMF, em 2008-2010. De caráter observacional e prospectivo, a pesquisa envolveu 103 pacientes adultos, de ambos os sexos, portadores de artrite reumatóide, residentes no município de Florianópolis e cadastrados no CEAF, para receberem os medicamentos adalimumabe, infliximabe, etanercepte e leflunomida. Os pacientes foram acompanhados, mensalmente, durante um período de 13 meses. Para tanto, fez-se uso de formulários específicos para coleta de dados, referentes à utilização de recursos por portadores de artrite reumatóide. Realizou-se uma avaliação econômica, do tipo estudo de custo-doença adotando a perspectiva da sociedade. Os custos diretos médicos foram estimados, utilizando-se a técnica micro-costing, e os custos indiretos por meio do método do capital humano. Os dados coletados foram analisados, com a ajuda do Microsoft Excel, 2007. A amostra estudada, em sua maioria, foi constituída por pacientes do sexo feminino (89,7%), com idade superior a 50 anos (70,9%), casados (69,9%), aposentados (43,7%), escolaridade igual ou superior a 11 anos (52,4%), com 10 anos ou mais de doença (55,3%) e beneficiários de plano de saúde (74,8%). O custo direto médico total, durante o período de estudo, foi de R$ 2.200.361,47, sendo que 91,4% deste total foram referentes à aquisição de medicamentos, 2,3% às hospitalizações, 2,1% aos exames complementares e 2,0% às consultas médicas. O restante dos componentes, juntos, somou 2,2%. O SUS foi responsável por 70,4% deste total. O custo com medicamentos foi principalmente atribuído à aquisição de medicamentos pertencentes ao grupo terapêutico L04 - Imunossupressores (86,9%), que inclui os agentes biológicos e leflunomida. O custo direto médico total por paciente foi de R$ 21.362,73. A estimativa dos custos indiretos por paciente foi de R$ 3.317,80, o que representou 20,2% do produto interno bruto (PIB) per capita, estimado com base para o ano de 2009. O custo total estimado para artrite reumatóide sob a perspectiva da sociedade, em 13 meses de acompanhamento, foi de R$ 24.680,53 por paciente. Deste total, 86,5% representaram os custos diretos médicos e 13,5% os custos indiretos. O presente estudo forneceu dados primários, tidos como fundamentais para a realização de avaliações econômicas completas, envolvendo a artrite e informações referentes ao impacto econômico da doença sobre os serviços de saúde.<br>Lippia alba is a medicinal plant wich is find in all regions of Brazil. This especie is largely used in the folk medicine, especially as a tranquilizer. It needs cientific studies about isolation and identification of its constituents. In previous studies, the n-butanolic fraction, obtained from a hidroalcoolic extract showed sedative and anticonvulsant effects. The objective of this work was the study of the same fraction, searching the isolation and identification from its chemical constituents, the qualitative seasonal accompaniment of this substances and the achievement from pharmacological experiments (verification of the body temperature and sedative activity, through the induction with pentobarbital and ether). Thus, from a hidroalcoolic extract of the leaves from the vegetable material, followed by partition with solvents of increasing polarity, the n-butanolic fraction was obtained. After purification of subfractions, was possible to isolate the substances LA-1 (verbascoside), LA-2, LA-3 (3 , 16 , 23 trihydroxiolean-12-en-28 oic acid bidesmosidic) and LA-4. To the elucidation of the substance LA-2, is necessary wait for the NMR spectrum; to the substance LA-4, is necessary the purification from CLAE to its elucidation. About the pharmacological trials, it is no possible to assure that the n-butanolic fraction shows sedative activity; it increased the barbiturate sleeping time (300 mg/ Kg body wt., 1 h after the treatment v.o.) but not increased the ether sleeping time, at the same previously dose and time; not modified significative the latency of the sleep, including the control group; decreased the body temperature (100 and 300 mg/ Kg wt., 1 and 2 h after the treatment v.o.) but it is no possible to say that is because a central effect. In that way, L. alba is shown as a viable source of potentially active secondary metabolites. The chemical constituents analysed in this work could be find in all assessments, so there is no qualitative seasonal variation. Posterior studies could achieve more researches about the pharmacological activities from the n-butanolic fraction and from its chemical constituents isolated and from the infusion. Furthermore, could elucidate the structures not yet identified.

Les résultats des recherches que nous avons entreprises sur la chimie des acides sialiques des membranes érythrocytaires et sur les enzymes de leur métabolisme sont les suivants. Nous avons découvert dans le cytosol de l'hématie humaine - et à l'exclusion de la membrane de cette dernière - une N-acétylneuraminate pyruvate-lyase dont nous avons défini les principaux paramètres enzymatiques. Ceux-ci sont analogues ou identiques à ceux des aldolases bactériennes et animales antérieurement décrites. Nous avons vérifié notre hypothèse de départ selon laquelle le rôle de cette enzyme était de détruire l'acide N-acétylneuraminique provenant de la désialytion progressive des hématies au cours de leur vieillissement physiologique. Nous avons, en effet, découvert un transporteur membranaire de l'acide sialique dont l'existence a été démontrée sans ambigui͏̈té par la mise en évidence de [14C]N-acétylneuraminique, l'aldolase étant une enzyme strictement cytosolique. L'application de la méthode sensible de chromatographie en phase gazeuse associée à la spectrométrie de masse (GC/MS) de Jean-Pierre Zanetta nous a permis d'identifier, pour la première fois, outre l'acide N-acétylneuraminique, 9 autres acides sialiques O-acétylés, -lactylés, -méthylés et -sulfurylés. Leur présence reste pour l'instant une énigme quant à leur origine et à leur éventuel rôle de récepteurs de micro-organismes divers. Nous avons confirmé le pouvoir inhibiteur de la procai͏̈ne (Gérovital H3) sur les neuraminidases membranaires de l'hématie. Cette observation pourrait expliquer l'action bénéfique de la procai͏̈ne dans le traitement des états asthéniques en prolongeant la durée de vie des hématies circulantes.

Diese Dissertation besteht aus vier Aufsätzen, die zur empirischen Literatur der Allokation der Arbeitszeit beitragen. Der erste Artikel untersucht die Wechselbeziehung zwischen Arbeit und Sozialleben von Paaren und untersucht die Synchronisation der Arbeitszeiten. Ein neuer Analyseansatz wird vorgeschlagen, der es ermöglicht, den durchschnittlichen Einfluss der Arbeitsbedingungen der deutschen Bevölkerung auf die Allokation der Freizeit zu bestimmen. Der zweite Aufsatz untersucht, ob Arbeit zu unüblichen Bedingungen gemäß der Theorie kompensierender Lohndifferentiale durch höhere Löhne entlohnt wird. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass solche Arbeiter 9--10 Prozent höhere Stundenlöhne erhalten. Diese Zuschläge haben einen u-förmigen Verlauf über die Einkommensverteilung für Schichtarbeiter. Die Ausrichtung der Analyse auf monetäre Kompensation solcher Arbeitsbedingungen, vernachlässigt mögliche adverse Auswirkungen auf das Sozialleben und die Gesundheit. Der dritte Artikel untersucht daher nicht-pekuniäre Aspekte. Freizeit wird in solchen Jobs zu einem höheren Anteil allein verbracht, was sich negativ auf das Wohlbefinden auswirken kann, da der Grenznutzen der Freizeit sinkt. Die drastischen Auswirkungen dieser Arbeit zieht ein erhöhtes Risiko auf den mentalen und physischen Gesundheitszustand mit sich, der sich aus einer signifikant niedrigeren Schlafallokation ergibt. Besonders betroffen sind ältere Arbeitnehmer, die eine höhere Wahrscheinlichkeit haben, diesen Arbeitsbedingungen schon über einen längeren Zeitraum ausgesetzt zu sein. Abschließend untersucht der vierte Aufsatz den kausalen Zugewinn auf die elterliche Zeit mit Kindern, den Arbeitnehmer durch mehr zeitliche Arbeitsflexibilität erreichen. Gleitzeitregelungen erlauben es Müttern somit, etwa 30 Prozent mehr ihrer verfügbaren Zeit mit ihren Kindern zu verbringen. Zeitliche Flexibilität kann somit die adversen Effekte der Beschäftigung von Müttern auf die kognitive Entwicklung ihrer Kinder abmildert.<br>This thesis consists of four essays that contribute to the empirical literature of the allocation of market work. The first essay studies the interrelation between working schedules and social life of couples by investigating the synchronization of schedules. A novel approach is proposed that allows for a determination of the average impact of working conditions of the German population on the allocation of leisure. From these findings, couple-specific conclusions concerning the active synchronization of schedules can be drawn. The second essay is devoted to empirically testing the assumption of compensating wage differentials predicting that work at non-standard hours shall be compensated by higher wage rates. The results suggest 9--10 percent higher hourly wage rates. Wage premia are U-shaped across the earnings distribution for shift workers. Since the focus on monetary compensation of such working condition neglects potential adverse consequences on the worker''s social life and individual health, the third essay explores such non-pecuniary aspects. Such jobs entail significantly higher levels of solitary leisure which is likely to adversely affect the worker''s well-being by reducing the marginal utility of leisure. The more severe consequence of work at undesirable hours is the augmented risk to physical and mental health which arises from the significantly lower allocation of time to sleep. In particular older workers who are potentially exposed to such working conditions over a longer time horizon bear the highest risks. Finally, the fourth essay studies the causal gain from temporal work flexibility on parental time with children. Flexitime arrangements allow mothers to spend 30 percent more of their disposable time on childcare. The results are generalizable to Germany as a whole. The paper provides empirical support for the importance of temporal work flexibility on mitigating adverse effects of maternal employment on the child''s cognitive development.

O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar a dinâmica do emprego formal no estado de Mato Grosso do Sul (MS) por setores de atividades e por microrregiões, no período de 1990 a 2010. Para atingir esse objetivo, buscou-se conciliar algumas medidas de desenvolvimento regionais com a análise estrutural-diferencial (shift-share) a partir do modelo tradicional e ampliado. Dados secundários da Relação Anual de Informações Sociais (RAIS) são utilizados como referência. Analiticamente, em primeiro lugar retoma-se o contexto histórico sobre a trajetória da economia brasileira nas últimas duas décadas, enfatizando as principais transformações na conjuntura macroeconômica e, por conseguinte, no mercado de trabalho. Como observado, as sucessivas mudanças na condução das políticas monetária, cambial e fiscal, associadas aos processos de abertura econômica, reestruturação produtiva e mudança da base técnica promoveram dinâmicas nacionais e regionais diferenciadas na estrutura produtiva. Levando em consideração essa diferenciação espacial, faz-se uma breve revisão das teorias do desenvolvimento regional com o objetivo de elucidar as principais explicações quanto às causas e aos meios que determinam dinâmicas de crescimento divergentes entre as regiões. Essas teorias respaldaram a implementação de algumas políticas em prol do desenvolvimento regional no Brasil. Em seguida, são analisados os aspectos econômicos do MS a partir das taxas de crescimento e da composição no PIB dos setores de atividades econômicas e suas contribuições para o desempenho do MS. Posteriormente, é apresentada a metodologia a ser empregada no exercício empírico, envolvendo as medidas de desenvolvimento regional e o modelo estrutural-diferencial. Por fim, são apresentados os resultados empíricos. Por um lado, é possível observar que, utilizando o método de análise regional através do coeficiente de localização, os resultados apontam para uma tendência de dispersão entre os setores nas microrregiões, ao passo que o setor de agropecuária tende a se concentrar, destacando-se em todas as microrregiões, exceto na MRG de Campo Grande, o que indica baixa capacidade de se alterar o perfil da estrutura produtiva do estado. Por outro, a partir da aplicação do método estrutural-diferencial, verificou-se que, no que se refere à variação estrutural, a mesma foi positiva para o total dos setores, exceto para MRG de Campo Grande e Baixo Pantanal, influenciados, principalmente, pelos setores de serviços. Quanto à variação diferencial, as microrregiões que apresentaram variação positiva de emprego para todos os setores foram Alto Taquari, Paranaíba, Três Lagoas e Nova Andradina e Dourados. Quanto se aplica o método estrutural-diferencial ampliado decomposto entre os efeitos setorial, competitivo e de alocação, observa-se que: i) as MRGs se especializam em setores mais dinâmicos (efeito setorial positivo); ii) a maioria dos setores apresentou um efeito competitivo negativo, indicando que há setores que cresceram a taxas inferiores ao crescimento em nível estadual; e iii) verificou-se maior quantidade de setores com vantagens competitivas especializadas, bem como menor número de setores com vantagens competitivas não especializadas (efeito alocação). Ademais, quando se decompôs o efeito alocação, verificou-se que a agropecuária foi o setor de destaque na maioria das microrregiões, resultando em vantagem competitiva especializada. Já no que se refere às MRGs, Campo Grande apresentou baixo dinamismo em relação ao conjunto dos setores econômicos. Por fim, de maneira geral, quanto aos setores, a agropecuária se mostrou mais dinâmica em termos de crescimento de emprego.<br>The aim of this thesis is to analyze the formal employent dynamics in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul (MS) by activity sectors and microregions, in the period between 1990 and 2010. To achieve this goal, we sought to conciliate some measures of regional development with the shift-share analysis through the traditional and amplified model. Secondary data of the Annual Relation of Social Information (RAIS) are used as reference. Analytically, in the first place, we recover the historical context about the trajectory of Brazilian economy in the last few decades, highlighting main transformations in the macroeconomic situation and, subsequently, in the job market. As observed, the successive changes in the conduction of monetary, exchange-rate, and tax policies associated to the processes of economic openness, productive restructuring and change in technical basis have promoted differentiated national and regional dynamics in the productive structure. Taking this spacial differentiation into account, we present a brief review of regional development theories with the aim of elucidating the main explanations about the causes and means that determine different growth dynamics among regions. These theories supported the implementation of some policies which favor regional development in Brasil. After, the economic aspects of MS are analyzed through the growth taxes and the GDP composition in the economic activity sectors and their contributions to the MS performance. Afterwards, the methodology to be used in the empirical exercise is presented, involving the regional development measures and the differential-structural method. Finally, the empyrical results are presented. On the one hand, it was possible to observe that, by using the regional analysis method through the location coefficient, the results point to a spreading tendency between sectors in the microregions, whilst the agricultural sector tends to concentrate, becoming salient in all microregions, except in Campo Grande MRG, which indicates low capability of altering the productive structure profile in the state. On the other hand, through the application of the differentialstructural method, we have verified that, in relation to the structural variation, it was positive to the total of sectors, except to Campo Grande and Baixo Pantanal MRG, which are influenced mainly by service sectors. As far as differential variation is concerned, the microregions that presented positive employment variation in all sectors were Alto Taquari, Paranaíba, Três Lagoas and Nova Andradina and Dourados. When the amplified structuraldifferential method decomposed between the setorial, competitive and allocation effects was applied, we observed that: i) the MRGs get specialized in more dynamic sectors (positive sectorial effect); ii) the majority of sectors presented a negative competitive effect, indicating that there are sectors which grew in taxes which are inferior to growth in the state level; and iii) there was a higher quantity of sectors with specialized competitive advantages as well as a lesser number of sectors with non-specialized competitive advantages (allocation effect). In addition, when the allocation effect was decomposed, we verified that the agriculture was the prominent sector in most microregions, resulting in specialized competitive advantage. Concerning Campo Grande MRG, it presented low dynamism in relation to the set of economic sectors. Finally, in general, concerning the sectors, agriculture showed to be more dynamic in terms of employment growth.

Diese Arbeit zielt darauf ab, Einblicke in die Kommunikation intergenerationaler Interaktionen zu erhalten, indem die Koordination zwischen jungen und älteren Erwachsenen betrachtet wird. Interpersonale Koordination beeinflusst Interaktionen positiv, deshalb ist die Koordination zweier Menschen der Fokus dieser Arbeit, wobei insbesondere die Abhängigkeit interpersonaler Koordination von bestimmten Kontextfaktoren studiert wird. Die Arbeit versteht die emotionale und behaviorale Mimikry, und die Synchronität zweier Interaktionspartner als Aspekte interpersonaler Koordination. Hierfür wurden mehrere Studien zur Analyse von emotionaler Mimikry (Studie 1), Synchronität und behavioraler Mimikry (Studie 2) durchgeführt. Außerdem wurde eine Zugehörigkeitsmotivation gegenüber Älteren experimentell erzeugt und anschließend emotionale Mimikry erhoben (Studie 3). Für Studien 1 und 2 interagierten junge Probanden mit einer älteren oder einer gleichaltrigen Person, die ein freudiges oder ärgerliches Ereignis erzählte. Studie 1 zeigte, dass freudige Gesichtsausdrücke immer imitiert wurden, insbesondere innerhalb gleichaltriger Interaktionen und während der freudigen Erzählung. Studie 2 zeigte mehr Synchronität innerhalb gleichaltriger als bei nicht-gleichaltrigen Interaktionen, während mehr behaviorale Mimikry bei älteren als bei jungen Interaktionspartnern gefunden wurde. Darüber hinaus veranschaulichte Studie 3, dass eine erhöhte Zugehörigkeitsmotivation gegenüber einer älteren Person das Imitiationsverhalten gegenüber der gesamten Altersgruppe positiv beeinflusste. Die Arbeit verschafft einen Einblick in intergenerationale Interaktionen, deren Ergebnisse nahelegen, dass obwohl junge Menschen generell motiviert sind mit älteren Menschen zu interagieren, bestimmte Umstände sie davon abhalten können. Allerdings konnten wir mit der Manipulation der Zugehörigkeitsmotivation einen vielversprechenden Ausblick für intergenerationale Kommunikation schaffen.<br>This dissertation aims to unravel intergenerational communication by studying interpersonal coordination between young and older adults. Interpersonal coordination is considered to have a positive influence on interactions. Thus, this work sets out to determine whether interpersonal coordination depends on contextual factors such as the social relation context and the affective context. Several studies were conducted to assess three aspects of interpersonal coordination: Emotional mimicry (Study 1), synchrony and behavioral mimicry (Study 2). Moreover, as it was hypothesized that young adults are not motivated to affiliate with the elderly, a heightened affiliation motivation toward the elderly was experimentally created and emotional mimicry assessed subsequently (Study 3). For studies 1 and 2, young adults were invited to interact with an elderly person or with a person of the same age who recounted an emotional (happy or angry) event. Study 1 revealed mimicry of happiness expressions, particularly within same-generation interactions and during the narration of a happy event, while angry expressions were rarely displayed and not mimicked. Study 2 revealed more synchrony within same-generation compared to intergenerational interactions, whereas there was more behavioral mimicry of elderly interaction partners compared to young interaction partners. Study 3 illustrated that a heightened motivation toward an older person positively influenced mimicking behavior toward the whole age group. This dissertation provides a first step in unravelling intergenerational interactions, where findings regarding emotional mimicry and synchrony suggest that certain circumstances might prevent young adults from acting the same toward young and old individuals. However, as we were able to successfully manipulate affiliation motivation, a promising positive outlook for intergenerational communication emerged.

Die vorliegende Dissertation untersucht, wie die intergenerationellen Beziehungen im heutigen China ausgestaltet sind und diskutiert ihre Auswirkungen auf die Altersvorsorge. Historisch gesehen war die Rolle des chinesischen Staates bei der Bereitstellung von Altersvorsorge sehr gering, und die Betreuung älterer Menschen wird immer noch hauptsächlich als Familienaufgabe angesehen. Die konfuzianische Norm der filial piety verpflichtet die Kinder im Erwachsenenalter, ihre Eltern finanziell und materiell zu unterstützen sowie sich um die Betreuung zu kümmern und entsprechend Hilfe zu leisten. In den letzten Jahrzehnten wurden jedoch traditionelle chinesische Familiennormen und – bräuche durch den sozioökonomischen, demographischen und kulturellen Wandel infragegestellt. Infolgedessen wird weitgehend ‒sowohl in der wissenschaftlichen Literatur als auch im öffentlichen Diskurs‒ angenommen, dass filial piety und die damit zusammenhängenden Formen der intergenerationellen Familienunterstützung zunehmend an Wert verlieren, was die Frage nach dem Wohlergehen älterer Generationen aufwirft. Im Folgenden betrachte ich drei Hauptaspekte der intergenerationelle Solidarität: strukturelle Solidarität (geografische Nähe), funktionale Solidarität (Pflege und finanzielle Unterstützung) und assoziative Solidarität (sozialer Kontakt) sowie deren Zusammenhänge. Ich argumentiere, dass die beobachteten Muster weder den traditionellen Anforderungen der filial piety entsprechen, noch auf eine Krise der intergenerationellen Familiensolidarität hinweisen. Stattdessen reflektieren sie die pragmatischen Bemühungen der Familien, ihre Beziehungen im Hinblick auf einen raschen Strukturwandel neu zu verhandeln und anzupassen. Allerdings ist die Anpassungsfähigkeit in der chinesischen Gesellschaft nicht gleich verteilt, besonders schwer ist es für sozialschwache Familien, die vergleichsweise schwächere Bindungen zu ihren erwachsenen Kindern haben.<br>This dissertation assesses the state of intergenerational relations in contemporary China, and discusses its implications for old age security. Historically, the role of the Chinese state in the provision of old age security has been minimal, and caring for older people is primarily seen as a family responsibility. The Confucian norm of filial piety obliges adult children to provide their parents with financial and material support as well physical care and assistance. In recent decades, however, traditional Chinese family norms and customs have been challenged by a number of socio-economic, demographic and cultural changes. As a result there is a widespread belief ‒both in academic literature and in the public discourse‒ that filial piety and related forms of intergenerational family support are on the decline, raising concerns about the well-being of older generations. In this study, I look at three main aspects of intergenerational relations or family solidarity: structural solidarity (proximity), functional solidarity (the provision of care and financial support) and associational solidarity (social contact), as well as their interrelations. Using a nationally representative dataset of Chinese families, I argue that the observed patterns neither correspond to the traditional demands of filial piety, nor indicate a crisis of intergenerational family solidarity. Instead, they reflect families' pragmatic efforts to renegotiate and adapt their relationships in the face of a rapid structural change. The capability to adapt is not equally distributed, however, and it is often the more vulnerable groups that have comparatively weaker ties to adult children.

Submitted by Cibele Nogueira (cibelenogueira@ufgd.edu.br) on 2016-07-27T18:14:46Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) SERGIOPINTOJR.pdf: 4001840 bytes, checksum: 427d54efb0896dc30864d1353a80807e (MD5)<br>Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-27T18:14:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) SERGIOPINTOJR.pdf: 4001840 bytes, checksum: 427d54efb0896dc30864d1353a80807e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-05-06<br>Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES<br>The Planning and Management Unit ( PMU ) Ivinhema - MS is an important area of Mato Grosso do Sul, where several surveys and studies from many areas of geographic knowledge are developed, especially Climatology, which is an interdisciplinary field of Geography. The region is distinguished by the presence of large mills producing sugar and alcohol, where all municipalities in its extension comprise sugar cane plantation areas, which leads to a concern regarding the burning of the straw during one of the cycle phases, which is the harvest The UPG Ivinhema has a tropical climate defined by a dry season and a rainy season, whose the average rainfall is between 1436-1450 mm, with an average annual temperature between 20-22 ° C, reaching, in the warmer months, anywhere between 23 ° C and 26 ° C and in the colder months temperatures usually drop to around 15 ° C to 19 ° C. The climatic conditions act in the manifestation of certain harm to human health directly or indirectly, having among its elements (air temperature, relative humidity, precipitation, atmospheric pressure, interference in the welfare of individuals, respiratory diseases), factors influencing their aggravations. These indicators express somehow the relationship between the quality of the environment, climatic elements and origin of health problems as key instruments for environmental health. In this perspective, this work provides an analysis seeking to understand the relationship of how climate variability and the burning of the straw may influence the worsening cases of hospitalization for respiratory diseases in, according to data extracted from DATASUL, INMET, INPE / CANASAT and INPE / QUEIMADAS in the towns of Dourados, Ivinhema and Ponta Pora in the period 2002-2011, which are inserted into the UPG Ivinhema. The results show a significant worsening in the context of hospitalization for respiratory diseases during periods of the year if coinciding with the harvest of cane sugar that comes from the sum of all climate variables related to the emission levels of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere resulting from the burning of straw, in which we observed a direct relationship between rainfall, temperature and the number of fires with the aforementioned cases that together present a seasonal behavior, where months concerning autumn-winter seasons, these indices hospitalization are presented higher.<br>A Unidade de Planejamento e Gerenciamento (UPG) do Ivinhema - MS é uma importante área do Estado de Mato Grosso do Sul, na qual vem sendo executadas diversas pesquisas e estudos das mais variadas áreas do conhecimento geográfico, especialmente da Climatologia, que é uma área interdisciplinar da Geografia. A região se destaca pela presença de usinas produtoras de álcool e açúcar, onde todos os municípios de sua extensão abrangem áreas plantadas com cana-de-açúcar, o que nos leva a uma preocupação referente à queima da palha da cana durante uma das fases do ciclo, que é a colheita. A UPG do Ivinhema apresenta um clima tropical definido por uma estação seca e outra chuvosa, onde a média pluviométrica situa-se entre 1.436 a 1.450 mm, com temperatura média anual entre 20 a 22°C, e nos meses mais frios de 15°C a 19°C e meses mais quentes entre 23°C a 26°C. As condições climáticas atuam na manifestação de determinados agravos à saúde humana de forma direta ou indireta, tendo entre seus elementos (temperatura do ar, umidade relativa, precipitação, pressão atmosférica, interferência no bem estar dos indivíduos, as doenças respiratórias), fatores de influência de seus agravamentos. Esses indicadores expressam de alguma forma, as relações entre a qualidade do ambiente, elementos climáticos e origem de problemas de saúde como instrumentos fundamentais em saúde ambiental. Nessa perspectiva, o trabalho faz uma análise buscando compreender a relação de como a variabilidade climática e a queima da palha da cana podem influenciar no agravamento dos casos de internações por doenças no aparelho respiratório, de acordo com os dados extraídos do DATASUS, INMET, INPE/CANASAT e INPE/ QUEIMADAS nos municípios de Dourados, Ivinhema e Ponta Porã no período de 2002 a 2011, municípios estes que estão inseridos na UPG do Ivinhema. Os resultados apresentam um expressivo agravamento no quadro de internação por doenças respiratórias, nos períodos do ano que coincidem com a colheita da cana-de-açúcar que advém do somatório da relação de todas as variáveis climáticas com os níveis de emissão dos gases poluentes na atmosfera, decorrentes da queima da palha da cana, na qual observamos uma relação direta entre a precipitação, a temperatura e o número de focos de incêndio com os mencionados casos que juntos apresentam um comportamento sazonal, onde os meses referentes às estações outono-inverno, esses índices de internação se apresentam mais elevados.

Die Dissertation umfasst vier Aufsätze zur ökonomischen Analyse von Bildung und Ungleichheit. Der erste Aufsatz zeigt, dass zwischen 1993 und 2013 der Anteil des Einkommens, der für das Wohnen ausgegeben wird, für das unterste Einkommensquintil stark anstieg, während er für das oberste Quintil zurückging. Dies kann durch einen Rückgang der Kosten des Wohneigentums im Vergleich zu den Mieten, sowie Veränderungen der Haushaltsstruktur und der regionalen Mobilität erklärt werden. Im Vergleich zu älteren Kohorten geben jüngere Kohorten im gleichen Alter einen höheren Anteil ihres Einkommens für das Wohnen aus und sparen weniger, mit möglicherweise negativen Auswirkungen auf den Vermögensaufbau. Der zweite Aufsatz analysiert Bildungswege von Schulabgängern mit und ohne Migrationshintergrund. Es wird zuerst eine „Polarisierung“ dokumentiert: Migranten besuchen häufiger eine tertiäre Ausbildung, seltener eine berufliche Ausbildung und bleiben häufiger ohne qualifizierte Ausbildung als es ihr Hintergrund vorhersagen würde. Dies kann durch die stärker akademisch orientierten Karrierepläne der Migranten erklärt werden, die unterschiedliche Effekte für gering- und hochqualifizierte Schüler haben. Der dritte Aufsatz untersucht die kausalen Effekte des Besuchs eines beruflichen Gymnasiums verglichen mit dem eines allgemeinbildenden Gymnasiums. Nach Berücksichtigung der Selektion finden sich keine Auswirkungen auf den Abschluss des Abiturs, ein kleiner negativer Effekt auf die Studierneigung, sowie positive Effekte auf Karriereplanung und Arbeitsmarktergebnisse. Der vierte Aufsatz untersucht Veränderungen der intergenerationalen Mobilität für westdeutsche Geburtskohorten 1944-1986. Er dokumentiert eine steigende Ungleichheit der Bildungsbeteiligung und der Arbeitsmarktergebnisse abhängig vom sozialen Hintergrund der Eltern. Diese Ergebnisse ändern sich nicht wesentlich, wenn ``zweite Chancen'' im deutschen Schul- und Hochschulsystem berücksichtigt werden.<br>This dissertation includes four essays on the economic analysis of education and inequality. The first essay shows that, between 1993 and 2013, the income share of housing expenditures in Germany increased strongly for the bottom income quintile and fell for the top quintile. These trends are driven by a decline in the costs of homeownership versus renting, changes in household structure, and residential mobility toward larger cities. Younger cohorts spend more on housing, and save less, than older cohorts did at the same age, with possibly negative consequences for wealth accumulation. The second essay analyzes post-school transitions among native and migrant pupils. Conditional on parental background, cognitive skills, and school fixed effects, there is a ``polarization'' of educational choices: migrants are more likely to attend tertiary education, less likely to attend vocational education, and more likely to end without qualified training than their background and skills would predict. This is driven by the migrant pupils' more academically oriented career plans, which have different effects for low- and high-skilled migrants. The third essay studies the causal effects of attending a vocational compared to a general higher secondary school. Identification uses both a selection-on-observables strategy including detailed pre-treatment controls as well as instrumental variable estimations. After adjusting for selection, attending a vocational higher secondary school has no effect on higher secondary graduation, a small negative effect on university attendance, as well as positive effects on career planning and labour market outcomes. The fourth essay analyzes changes in intergenerational mobility for West German birth cohorts 1944-1986. It documents rising gaps in educational and labour market outcomes between children of different parental socio-economic status. These patterns also hold after considering ``second chance'' options in Germany's education system.

Neue Verfahren, neue Organisationen oder neue Formen des Denkens sind alles Arten der Innovation. Trotz einer beschleunigten Verstärkung des Aufwands für Bildung in Brasilien startend in 2005 sind soziale Innovationen nur in Form von Bildungsinitiativen von kommunitären und Nichtregierungs-Organisationen (NGO) weit über das Land verteilt. In dieser Arbeit wird untersucht, inwieweit Bildungsinnovationen in Brasilien auf diese Vernachlässigung durch den Staat reagieren und welche Akteure Innovationen auf lokaler Ebene unterstützen. Besondere Aufmerksamkeit wird dabei der Rolle der Lehrer in Sozialinnovationen gewidmet. Durch einen historischem Ansatz wird in dieser Arbeit die Beziehung von Sozialinnovationen und großen radikalen Umbrüchen, Sozialbewegungen und Reformen in Brasilien beobachtet. Durch Nutzung von Interviews und Fokusgruppen werden zwei Fallstudien in São Paulo analysiert: eine an einer Schule am Stadtrand und eine in einer NGO im Stadtzentrum. Die Ergebnisse legen nahe, dass durch Innovationen neue Regeln und Verfahren eingeführt werden, die ein Subystem erzeugen, das die lokalen Machtverhältnisse verändert. Die NGO hat neue Verbindungen zwischen Schulen, privaten Akteuren, NGOs und der Kommunalverwaltung hergestellt und mit sozialen Netzwerken basierend auf Bildung und Kunst gearbeitet. die Schule hat ein neues Modell eingeführt bei dem Schule und Gemeinschaft zusammen die gemeinsamen Probleme von Unsicherheit und Bildung lösen. Sozialinnovationen umfassen die dringendsten Probleme in einer Gemeinschaft, die nicht auf ein Feld beschränkt sein müssen. Diese Forschung trägt zum besseren Verständnis von Sozialinnovationen, mit Fokus auf Brasilien, in den Sozialwissenschaften und in der Politikwissenschaft bei.<br>New methods, new organizations or new forms of thinking are all forms of innovation. Despite the increased spending on education in Brazil from 2005 onwards, social innovations have only spread in the country in the form of community participation and non-governmental organization’s initiatives for education. This study investigates to what extent innovations in education in Brazil respond to omissions on the part of the state and the drivers that foster innovation at a local level. Particular attention is devoted to the role of teachers in social innovation. Through a historical approach this study observes the relationship between social innovation and major radical changes, social movements and reforms in Brazil. Drawing on semi-structured interviews and focus groups, two case studies in São Paulo were analysed: one in a school in the urban periphery of the city and an NGO in the city centre. The findings suggest that innovations introduce new rules and practices, creating a subsystem which modifies local relations of power. The NGO established new relations between schools, private actors, NGOs and local government and worked with social networks through education and art. The school implemented a new model that brought the school and community together to solve common problems of insecurity and education. Social innovations embrace the most urgent needs in a community, which are not limited to one field. This research contributes to sociology and political science for a better understanding of social innovations and community participation, specifically in the Brazilian context.

Die vorliegende Studie leistet einen Beitrag in dem noch offenen Forschungsfeld zu gesundheitsbedingten Ausstiegs- und Neuorientierungsprozessen und der damit verbundenen Bewältigung einer ‚doppelten Brüchigkeit der Biographie’, d. h. über die Bewältigung der chronischen Erkrankung und der vulnerablen beruflichen Situation. Ziel ist es, die individuellen Aushandlungsprozesse beruflicher Neuorientierung zu verstehen und in ein Verhältnis mit der Krankheitsbewältigung zu setzten. Es ist eine weitere Zieldimension dieser Studie, den Blick auf die Rückkehr in das Erwerbsleben zu richten und dabei in Ansätzen herauszuarbeiten, welche Faktoren ein Arbeiten unter bedingter Gesundheit ermöglichen oder hemmen können. Im Zentrum der Studie stehen drei Frauen und drei Männer im Alter von 25 bis 57 Jahren, die zu zwei verschiedenen Zeitpunkten im Erhebungszeitraum von 2013 bis 2014 leitfadengestützt (episodisch-narrativ) interviewt wurden: während ihrer medizinischen Rehabilitation (t1) und erneut ca. ein Jahr später (t2). Übergreifendes Merkmal aller Fälle sind die sich anbahnenden bzw. bereits vollzogenen gesundheitsbedingten berufsbiographischen Einschnitte durch eine chronische muskuloskelettale Erkrankung und z. T. begleitet durch psychosomatische Beschwerden. Den rahmenden Forschungsstil bildete die Grounded Theory (Glaser und Strauss 1967/2010). Im Ergebnis dieser Studie werden die komplexen Risikokonstellationen sowie der Verlauf eines gesundheitsbedingten Ausstiegs aus dem Erwerbsleben beschrieben und dabei auf die vielfältigen Bewältigungsherausforderungen dieses biografischen Bruchs eingegangen. Das entwickelte Modell der ‚Aushandlungsarena der Krankheitsbewältigung und beruflichen Neuorientierung’ verdichtet den Aushandlungsprozess beruflicher Neuorientierung unter ständiger Berücksichtigung der bedingten Gesundheit. Gleichzeitig geben die Ergebnisse dieser Studie Impulse für die weiterführende Fundierung der theoretischen und anwendungsbezogenen Return to Work-Ansätze.<br>The present study intends to contribute to the research field on health-related exit and reorientation processes and the associated coping with such a double-folded biographical challenge, means on coping with a vulnerable health and uncertain job-condition. The basic purpose of this study is to understand the biographical coping processes in the context of professional reorientation and to describe exit from work processes, as well as their conditions. The aim is to comprehend the individual negotiation in the course of professional reorientation and to relate it with the illness coping. It is another dimension of this study to look at return to work phases and their supporting or obstructing factors. The study focuses on three women and three men between the ages of 25 and 57 who were interviewed (episodically-narrative) at two different points in the survey period from 2013 to 2014: during their medical rehabilitation (t1) and again about a year later (t2). The overall characteristic of all cases is the initiated or already completed health-related occupational biographical disruption caused by a chronic musculoskeletal disease partly accompanied by psychosomatic issues. This study follows the methodological approach and research style of the Grounded Theory (Glaser and Strauss 2010). As a result of this study, the complex risk constellations as well as the trajectory of a health-related exit from work are described, focusing on the diverse coping challenges of this biographical disruption. The developed model of a “Negotiation Arena of coping with the illness and professional reorientation" summarizes the negotiation process of professional reorientation taking into account the limited health. At the same time, the results of this study provide impulses for the further foundation of theoretical and application-oriented return to work approaches.

Die Meinungen über die Chancen einer Demokratisierung im Nahen und Mittleren Osten sind geteilt. Diese Arbeit versucht für Ägypten eine Einschätzung zu geben. Als bevölkerungsreichstes und eines der politisch bedeutsamsten Länder der Region könnte es eine Vorbildfunktion einnehmen. Die Dissertation untersucht an einem Fallbeispiel, den Ausschreitungen zwischen Muslimen und Christen in einem oberägyptischen Dorf 1999/ 2000, in welcher Form und in welchem Ausmaß sich staatliche Akteure, religiöse Institutionen und die Bürger zum heiklen Thema der Gefährdung der Rechte von Minderheiten im öffentlichen Diskurs zu Wort melden und dabei das Kriterium des Pluralismus, im Sinne von Toleranz und Ablehnung von Gewalt, erfüllen. Pessimistische Stimmen versagen dem Nahen und Mittleren Osten insbesondere wegen der dort vorherrschenden Religion eine Reformierbarkeit der politischen Kultur und stigmatisieren den Islam als Demokratisierungshindernis. Diese Arbeit beobachtet jedoch, dass es empirisch bereits einige Merkmale gibt, die auf eine Zunahme von Pluralismus in der ägyptischen Gesellschaft hindeuten. Sie zeigt die Anzeichen für die Herausbildung einer freien Öffentlichkeit und einer Zivilgesellschaft auf, die langfristig auf die Konsolidierung von Demokratie und nicht auf deren Zerstörung hinarbeitet. Gleichzeitig ist diese Arbeit eine Art in Szene gesetztes, lebendiges „Who is who?“ der gegenwärtigen Minderheiten- und Menschenrechtsbewegung in Ägypten. 1<br>The current status of democratization and civil society development in Egypt through the example of the discourse on the indigenous Christian minority of the Copts. Opinions regarding the chances of democratization in the Middle East are divided. The thesis attempts to give an evaluation in the case of Egypt. As the most populous and one of the politically most influencing countries of that region Egypt could take the function of a role model. The dissertation investigates, on the basis of a case study – the clashes between Muslims and Christians in an Upper Egyptian village in 1999/ 2000 - in what form and to what extent state actors, religious institutions and citizens take a stand in public discourse on the sensitive issue of endangering the rights of minorities and thereby meet the criteria of pluralism in the sense of tolerance and rejection of violence. Pessimistic voices deny the Middle East a reformability of its political culture particularly with regard to the predominating religion there and stigmatize Islam as an obstacle to democratization. This study however, shows empirically that there are already some indications that point towards an increase of pluralism in Egyptian society and towards the development of a free public sphere and a civil society that in the long term can lead to the consolidation of democracy and not to its destruction. At the same time this study is a kind of status report and “Who’s who?” of the current minority – and human rights movement in Egypt.

Diese Arbeit bietet eine solide theoretische Grundlage zu Philanthropie und religiös motivierten Spendenaktivitäten und deren Einfluss auf Wohltätigkeitstrends, Entwicklungszusammenarbeit und einer auf dem Gedanken der sozialen Gerechtigkeit beruhenden Philanthropie. Untersucht werden dafür die Strukturen religiös motivierte Spenden, für die in der islamischen Tradition die Begriffe „zakat“, „Waqf“ oder im Plural auch „awqaf-“ oder „Sadaqa“ verwendet werden, der christliche Begriff dafür lautet „tithes“ oder „ushour“. Aufbauend auf diesem theoretischen Rahmenwerk analysiert die qualitative und quantitative Feldstudie auf nationaler Ebene, wie die ägyptische Öffentlichkeit Philanthropie, soziale Gerechtigkeit, Menschenrechte, Spenden, Freiwilligenarbeit und andere Konzepte des zivilgesellschaftlichen Engagements wahrnimmt. Um eine umfassende und repräsentative Datengrundlage zu erhalten, wurden 2000 Haushalte, 200 zivilgesellschaftliche Organisationen erfasst, sowie Spender, Empfänger, religiöse Wohltäter und andere Akteure interviewt. Die so gewonnen Erkenntnisse lassen aussagekräftige Aufschlüsse über philanthropische Trends zu. Erstmals wird so auch eine finanzielle Einschätzung und Bewertung der Aktivitäten im lokalen Wohltätigkeitsbereich möglich, die sich auf mehr als eine Billion US-Dollar beziffern lassen. Die Erhebung weist nach, dass gemessen an den Pro-Kopf-Aufwendungen die privaten Spendenaktivitäten weitaus wichtiger sind als auswärtige wirtschaftliche Hilfe für Ägypten. Das wiederum lässt Rückschlüsse zu, welche Bedeutung lokale Wohltätigkeit erlangen kann, wenn sie richtig gesteuert wird und nicht wie bislang oft im Teufelskreis von ad-hoc-Spenden oder Hilfen von Privatperson an Privatperson gefangen ist. Die Studie stellt außerdem eine Verbindung her zwischen lokalen Wohltätigkeits-Mechanismen, die meist auf religiösen und kulturellen Werten beruhen, und modernen Strukturen, wie etwa Gemeinde-Stiftungen oder Gemeinde-„waqf“, innerhalb derer die Spenden eine nachhaltige Veränderung bewirken können. Daher bietet diese Arbeit also eine umfassende wissenschaftliche Grundlage, die nicht nur ein besseres Verständnis, sondern auch den nachhaltiger Aus- und Aufbau lokaler Wohltätigkeitsstrukturen in Ägypten ermöglicht. Zentral ist dabei vor allem die Rolle lokaler, individueller Spenden, die beispielsweise für Stiftungen auf der Gemeindeebene eingesetzt, wesentlich zu einer nachhaltigen Entwicklung beitragen könnten – und das nicht nur in Ägypten, sondern in der gesamten arabischen Region. Als konkretes Ergebnis dieser Arbeit, wurde ein innovatives Modell entwickelt, dass neben den wissenschaftlichen Daten das Konzept der „waqf“ berücksichtigt. Der Wissenschaftlerin und einem engagierten Vorstand ist es auf dieser Grundlage gelungen, die Waqfeyat al Maadi Community Foundation (WMCF) zu gründen, die nicht nur ein Modell für eine Bürgerstiftung ist, sondern auch das tradierte Konzept der „waqf“ als praktikable und verbürgte Wohlstätigkeitsstruktur sinnvoll weiterentwickelt.<br>This work provides a solid theoretical base on philanthropy, religious giving (Islamic zakat, ‘ushour, Waqf -plural: awqaf-, Sadaqa and Christian tithes or ‘ushour), and their implications on giving trends, development work, social justice philanthropy. The field study (quantitative and qualitative) that supports the theoretical framework reflects at a national level the Egyptian public’s perceptions on philanthropy, social justice, human rights, giving and volunteering and other concepts that determine the peoples’ civic engagement. The statistics cover 2000 households, 200 Civil Society Organizations distributed all over Egypt and interviews donors, recipients, religious people and other stakeholders. The numbers reflect philanthropic trends and for the first time provide a monetary estimate of local philanthropy of over USD 1 Billion annually. The survey proves that the per capita share of philanthropy outweighs the per capita share of foreign economic assistance to Egypt, which implies the significance of local giving if properly channeled, and not as it is actually consumed in the vicious circle of ad-hoc, person to person charity. In addition, the study relates local giving mechanisms derived from religion and culture to modern actual structures, like community foundations or community waqf that could bring about sustainable change in the communities. In sum, the work provides a comprehensive scientific base to help understand- and build on local philanthropy in Egypt. It explores the role that local individual giving could play in achieving sustainable development and building a new wave of community foundations not only in Egypt but in the Arab region at large. As a tangible result of this thesis, an innovative model that revives the concept of waqf and builds on the study’s results was created by the researcher and a dedicated board of trustees who succeeded in establishing Waqfeyat al Maadi Community Foundation (WMCF) that not only introduces the community foundation model to Egypt, but revives and modernizes the waqf as a practical authentic philanthropic structure.

Tese de mestrado em Química, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciências, 2020<br>O vinho é uma mistura de composição química extremamente complexa, resultando da fermentação de uvas por leveduras nomeadamente Saccharomyces cerevisiae. A análise deste tipo de amostras é um dos maiores desafios da química analítica que tem impacto na qualidade de produção e na avaliação da autenticidade sendo que são usadas maioritariamente métodos analíticos convencionais (NMR, cromatográficos e hifenados) que são muito morosos e permitem identificar um reduzido número de compostos. A análise de amostras complexas de uma forma completa num curto espaço de tempo e o desenvolvimento e a implementação de metodologias analíticas que o possibilitem, é um dos objectivos promissores na química analítica dos dias de hoje e que levam à elevada procura de conhecimento e à descoberta de soluções. Os principais objectivos deste trabalho foram, em primeiro lugar, a análise e caracterização do perfil químico de vinhos monocastas utilizando uma técnica analítica muito precisa e eficaz para a caracterização de vinhos, a espectrometria de massa de ressonância ciclotrónica de ião com transformada de Fourier – FT-ICR-MS. O segundo, a quantificação de catequinas em vinhos monocastas e em folhas de videiras por cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência (HPLC) com dois detectores: fluorescência e matriz de díodos. Foram analisados vinhos monocastas de diferentes anos, brancos e tintos, fornecidos pelo Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária, I. P. – INIAV (Polo dois Portos). Estes vinhos foram produzidos sob condições controladas e diferentes anos de produção (2015-2018). As amostras de vinhos monocastas foram preparadas por diluição em MeOH. Cada amostra analisada continha padrão interno, Leucina Enkephalin. As amostras foram posteriormente analisadas por FT-ICR-MS por infusão directa por electrospray em modo positivo, sendo efectuados 3 replicados de cada amostra de vinho. Para as amostras de vinho branco o número de possíveis compostos determinados variou entre 1187 e 11882 e para as amostras de vinho tinto o número de compostos variou entre 1957 e 13591. Após a análise pelo DataAnalysis a lista de picos foi submetida ao portal MassTRIX por forma a identificar a presença de alguns compostos químicos nos vinhos monocastas. Pelo MassTRIX obtiveram-se um número de compostos na ordem das centenas. Foi observado que também o vinho verdelho 2018 (777 compostos) e o vinho verdelho tinto 2015 (844 compostos) apresentam maior número de compostos (réplicas 1) tal como verificado pelo software DataAnalysis. Após a identificação do número de compostos realizaram-se diagramas de Van Krevelen que permitiu visualizar a existência de regiões com maior densidade de compostos identificados. Os compostos identificados (exemplo: sorbitol, ácido propiónico, ácido benzoico, cumarina e kaempferol-3-glucuronida-7-sulfato) pertencem maioritariamente à classe dos lípidos e dos hidrocarbonetos condensados. Comparando os dois tipos de vinhos monocastas, os vinhos tintos apresentam um maior número de compostos identificados em relação aos vinhos brancos. Desta maneira foi possível a caracterização do perfil químico de vinhos monocastas, num tempo de análise curto e com preparação de amostra extremamente simples, recorrendo espectrometria de massa FT-ICR-MS. Para a análise de catequinas nos vinhos foi desenvolvida um método de análise por HPLC, adequado a vinhos e folhas de videira que permitiu identificar e quantificar estes importantes compostos. Após a preparação das amostras foi necessário optimizar o método de trabalho por forma a ser possível obter as condições óptimas à separação das várias catequinas numa mistura e a visualização e identificação das mesmas no cromatograma. Após todos os testes decidiu-se apenas trabalhar com as catequinas: catequina, epicatequina e epigalocatequina. Para a quantificação de catequinas foi necessário criar curvas de calibração usando-se uma mistura dos padrões de catequinas que foram injectados no HPLC. Após a criação das curvas de calibração e através das equações da recta da C e EC quantificaram-se todos os vinhos monocastas e as videiras. Concluiu-se que a C está presente em maior quantidade do que a EC em todas as amostras de vinhos monocastas e de videiras. Os objectivos deste trabalho foram cumpridos concluindo-se que através das técnicas usadas e com recurso a todo o software foi possível criar um trabalho que permitiu de forma completa a caracterização do perfil químico de uma amostra muito complexa como o vinho e a quantificação de um composto muito presente neste tipo de amostras e que servem de inspiração a estudos futuros.<br>Wine is a mixture of extremely complex chemical composition, resulting from the fermentation of grapes by yeasts namely Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The analysis of this type of samples is one of the biggest challenges of analytical chemistry that has an impact on the quality of production and on the evaluation of authenticity. number of compounds. The analysis of complex samples in a complete way in a short time and the development and implementation of analytical methodologies that make it possible, is one of the promising objectives in today's analytical chemistry and that leads to the high demand for knowledge and discovery of solutions. The main objectives of this work were, in the first place, the analysis and characterization of the chemical profile of monovarietal wines using a very precise and effective analytical technique for the characterization of wines, the mass spectrometry of cyclotronic ion resonance with Fourier transform - FT -ICR-MS. The second, the quantification of catechins in monovarietal wines and grape leaves by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with two detectors: fluorescence and diode matrix. Monovarietal wines of different years, white and red, provided by the National Institute for Agricultural and Veterinary Research, I. P. - INIAV (Polo two Port), were analyzed. These wines were produced under controlled conditions and different years of production (2015-2018). Samples of monovarietal wines were prepared by dilution in MeOH. Each sample analyzed contained an internal standard, Leucine Enkephalin. The samples were subsequently analyzed by FT-ICR-MS by direct positive electrospray infusion, with 3 replicates of each wine sample. For white wine samples the number of possible compounds determined varied between 1187 and 11882 and for red wine samples the number of compounds varied between 1957 and 13591. After analysis by DataAnalysis the list of peaks was submitted to the MassTRIX portal to identify the presence of some chemical compounds in monovarietal wines. MassTRIX obtained hundreds of compounds. It was also observed that the verdelho wine 2018 (777 compounds) and the verdelho red wine 2015 (844 compounds) have a higher number of compounds (replicas 1) as verified by the DataAnalysis software. After identifying the number of compounds, Van Krevelen diagrams were made, which allowed visualizing the existence of regions with a higher density of identified compounds. The identified compounds (example: sorbitol, propionic acid, benzoic acid, coumarin and kaempferol-3-glucuronide-7-sulfate) belong mainly to the class of condensed lipids and hydrocarbons. Comparing the two types of monovarietal wines, red wines have a greater number of compounds identified compared to white wines. In this way it was possible to characterize the chemical profile of monovarietal wines, in a short analysis time and with extremely simple sample preparation, using FT-ICR-MS mass spectrometry. For the analysis of catechins in wines, an HPLC analysis method was developed, suitable for wines and grape leaves that allowed to identify and quantify these important compounds. After preparing the samples, it was necessary to optimize the working method in order to obtain the optimum conditions for the separation of the various catechins in a mixture and the visualization and identification of them in the chromatogram. After all the tests, it was decided to work only with catechins: catechins, epicatechins and epigallocatechins. For the quantification of catechins it was necessary to create calibration curves using a mixture of the catechin standards that were injected on the HPLC. After the creation of the calibration curves and through the equations of the C and EC straight line, all mono-wines and vines were quantified. It was concluded that C is present in greater quantity than EC in all samples of mono-wine and grapevines. The objectives of this work were fulfilled concluding that through the techniques used and using all the software it was possible to create a work that completely allowed the characterization of the chemical profile of a very complex sample such as wine and the quantification of a compound very present in this type of samples and that serve as inspiration for future studies.

Name: Activity of a goalkeeper during the WC 2010 Objective: My objective was to find out which goalkeeper's game activities appear in matches and their representative ratios. Method: An observation method was used for the research. Keepers' activity was analyzed in video records of the matches. Measured values were recorded in a table of activity and presented in charts. Results: Results provide us an evidence of high requirements on a goalkeeper in the present style of the modern football, mostly requirements on his universality. The passing was mostly observed. Foot game exceeds hand game. This outcome should not be overlooked during trainings. Keywords: Football, goalkeeper's activity, foot game, pass, throw-out

Title: Marketing Communication of FIBA Women Basketball Championship 2010 Goal: The goal of my thesis is to describe marketing communication during the World Women Championship 2010 on the basis of observation and my own activity. The thesis should be able to describe different parts of marketing communication during the sport event. The goal is to create the instruction for one of possibilities, how to form marketing communication of a sport event with the help of the establishment description and the existence of marketing communication. Methods: The main method is descriptive analysis. The work uses evaluation proposal and demonstration, as well. SWOT analysis is made of found data. Results: The theses proved that all parts of marketing communication should be mutually connected and consider each other. It deals mainly with Public Relations which focus first of all on reaching needed popularity. Specialised and mass media are used. Information flow from a sport organisation to media representants should keep the balance between the quality and the quantity. Key words: marketing communication, basketball, SWOT analysis.

6 ABSTRAKT 1. NAME The characteristic of the games of top women's teams at the volleyball World Cup 2010 2. SUBJECT The characteristic of vollejball, The feature of women's teams at the volleyball World Cup 2010 3. THE GOAL OF WORK Characteristics performance of the game selected volleyball team women's at the World Cup 2010 in Japan, based on the success of the selected gaming activities of individuals. 4. RESULTS After meeting the goals to characterize and compare the results of selected teams, a success in selected gaming activities of the individual. 5. KEY WORDS volleyball, the top volleyball, individual playing activities, World Championships,

碩士<br>國立中興大學<br>電機工程學系<br>93<br>Abstract Analog-to-digital converters (ADC) play a crucial role in the design of data acquisition interfaces, particularly high-speed ADCs with resolutions of 8-bits find wide application in instrumentation and communication systems. For example, portable digital oscilloscopes use 8-bit ADCs with sampling rates above one hundred megahertz. This thesis describes design techniques for the high-speed and low-power CMOS pipeline A/D Converter. The two channels of a 8-bit 200MHz pipelined ADC is implemented in a single chip. The pipelined ADC consists of the building blocks like a sample-and-hold circuit, 1.5bit/stage sub-ADCs, 1bit DACs, gain stages, a digital error correction logic circuit and a clock generator. The circuit is implemented in TSMC 0.35μm 2P4M CMOS process. The input range of ADC is under 3.3V power supply. Accroding to Hspice simulation result, the designed pipelined ADC can operate at the sampling frequency of 200MHz. The Singal-to-Noise and Distortion Rate is 48dB when the input frequency is 10MHz and effective number of bit is 7.6bit. The power dissipation is 212mW. The chip area occurs 1.8mm1.8mm.

碩士<br>國立臺北科技大學<br>電機工程系研究所<br>97<br>The switched-capacitor pipelined analog-to-digital converter (ADC) is the main research. This thesis includes not only the principles of ADC, but also the architectures which reduce power consumption. In this thesis, a 10-bit 200-Msample/s sampling rate pipelined ADC consisted of 1.5-bit/stage has been designed and implemented. The front-end sample-and-hold (S/H) circuit is built-in with comparator and decoder to perform mixed-mode sample-and-hold technique which reduces the signal swings of per stages due to saving input signal by analog nature and digital nature, and relaxes the operational amplifier (OPA) settling time and linearity requirements. Further power and area saving are achieved by using OPA sharing technique. The simulation results indicate that the 10-bit, 200-MS/s prototype ADC achieves 61.05dB (i.e., 9.8-bit ENOB) signal-to-noise and distortion ratio (SNDR) when input frequency is 12MHz and the power consumes is 68mW in 1.8V supply voltage. The corresponding figure of merit (FOM) is 0.49pJ/conversion. The operation voltage range is 0.5V~1.3V. The differential nonlinearity is -0.45LSB ~ 0.5LSB and the integral nonlinearity is -0.7LSB ~ 0.75LSB. The total active area is 0.931 × 0.741 mm2 in TSMC 1P6M 0.18μm CMOS process.

碩士<br>國立臺北科技大學<br>電機工程系研究所<br>100<br>The thesis presents a low power switched-current analog-to-digital converter(ADC) which consists of 8 stages in 1.5-bit/stage, and one stage in 2-bit/stage.Notify that a digital error correction circuit is used to correct the offset error of comparator in pipelined ADC. Furthermore, not only the OP feedback is used to decrease the input impedence, but also the dummy switch is adopted to decrease the signal-dependent channel current and the charge-injection error. Those adopted techniques can decrease the transmission error considerately. Next, this study can save power concumption by using the amplifier-sharing technique ; and that the chip area can be reduced roughly one-ninth (1/9). The simulation According to simulation results, show that the Signal-to-Noise and Distortion Ratio(SNDR) is 56.5dB whose effective number of bit (ENOB) is 9.09bits at the input frequency of 5MHzand the sampling rate of 200Ms/s in the proposed pipelined ADC fabricated in TSMC 1P6M 0.18-μm CMOS process; and that the power consumption is 48.9mw at the supply voltage of 1.8 V. Notify that the figure of merit, differential nonlinearity(DNL),and integral nonlinearity(INL) are0.47pJ/conversion, 0.7LSB, and 0.7LSB,respectively,at the operational current range between -20μA and +20μA.

碩士<br>國立臺灣大學<br>電子工程學研究所<br>100<br>In recent years, applications of wireless communication have been growing rapidly. Meanwhile, more specifications of wireless communication have been developed, so different receivers are needed. Therefore, it is desirable to combine these systems into one receiver. Software-Defined Radio, SDR [1], is one of these techniques to realize a multi-standard receiver by processing signal in the software. By this method, resources such as analog RF frontends and analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) can be shared between different modulations. To do so, an ADC that is able to adjust its resolution and conversion rate is necessary. The pipelined ADC has been widely utilized in mid-resolution, high-speed applications. In this thesis, a switched-capacitor technique and a power reconfigurable opamp are proposed, which allow the system to optimize its power consumption with system bandwidth and resolution. Output codes of the designed ADC exhibit a SNDR of 48.6 dB. Fabricated in the 90nm CMOS technology, the core of the reconfigurable pipelined ADC occupies 0.27mm2. The opamp-sharing and capacitor-sharing techniques reduce the core power consumption to 32mW from a 1V supply voltage at 200MS/s. By the reconfiguration, the power consumption can be reduced to 18.5mW and 13mW at the conversion rate of 100MS/s and 50MS/s, respectively. At the end of this thesis, an analysis is performed to compare pipelined architectures with fast-growing SAR ADCs. This analysis helps the direction of future development.

Tese de mestrado em Química Analítica, apresentada à Universidade de Lisboa, através da Faculdade de Ciências, 2015<br>Nos últimos anos tem-se verificado uma crescente propagação de novas substâncias psicoativas (NSP) em todo o mundo. Só na Europa, em 2014, mais de 100 novas NSP foram reportadas. NSP são definidas pelo Conselho Europeu como “substâncias em estado puro ou numa preparação que podem constituir uma ameaça à saúde pública comparável às substâncias listadas nas convenções das Nações Unidas”. Estes compostos têm sido tradicionalmente vendidos em smartshops ou na Internet como produtos inócuos, anunciados como sendo incensos herbais, fertilizantes para plantas ou sais de banho, sempre com a informação de que não se destinam ao consumo humano. O problema do rápido desenvolvimento destas substâncias cria grandes desafios ao nível do controlo internacional, em que as metodologias tradicionais de análise mostram-se, por vezes, insuficientes face a estes novos compostos. Em Portugal, a identificação de NSP ganhou especial relevo com a entrada em vigor do Decreto-Lei 54/2013, de 17 de Abril, que proíbe, entre outros, a produção e comercialização de cerca de 159 NSP, sendo passível de rápidas atualizações, de modo a manter-se a par com o diário aparecimento de novas substâncias. Em Junho de 2014, um protocolo foi assinado entre a Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa (FCUL), o Laboratório de Polícia Científica da Polícia Judiciária (LPC/PJ) e a Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade do Porto (FFUP), com o objetivo de criar bases de dados eficazes de modo a facilitar a identificação deste tipo de compostos em Portugal e avaliar a sua toxicidade. Este trabalho consistiu na análise de incensos herbais e fertilizantes para plantas de 8 smartshops da Área Metropolitana de Lisboa, entregues voluntariamente aquando da entrada em vigor do Decreto-Lei 54/2013 ou de produtos apreendidos. A metodologia desenvolvida neste trabalho consiste na análise destes produtos por Cromatografia Gasosa acoplada à Espectrometria de Massa (GC-MS) e Espetroscopia de Ressonância Magnética Nuclear (RMN), com o objetivo de caracterizar os compostos presentes e permitir o seu uso enquanto padrões qualitativos secundários em análises de rotina por GC-MS no LPC/PJ. Uma compilação dos produtos de acordo com a smartshop de origem, o nome do produto e o lote permitiu aferir que no total, 34649 produtos foram entregues voluntariamente. Destes, 6374 eram fertilizantes para plantas em pó e 15177 eram incensos herbais. Fertilizantes para plantas e incensos herbais têm, geralmente, na sua constituição, catinonas sintéticas e canabinóides sintéticos, duas das categorias de compostos mais reportadas no espaço europeu. Inicialmente, 8 fertilizantes para plantas e 2 produtos de síntese previamente analisados por GC-MS e RMN na FCUL, foram analisados por GC-EI-MS no LPC/PJ, permitindo a construção de uma primeira biblioteca de espectros de massa com 10 catinonas sintéticas: 3,4-DMMC, 4-MEC, bufedrona, flefedrona, MDBPB, MDPV, metedrona, metilona, N-etilcatinona e pentedrona. Esta análise permitiu a caracterização de fragmentos mássicos característicos para cada composto e para substituições características e passíveis de ocorrerem neste tipo de compostos. De modo a caracterizar qualitativa e quantitativamente fertilizantes para plantas vendidos em Portugal com o mesmo nome e o mesmo número de lote, 103 fertilizantes para plantas com 15 nomes diferentes (Blast, Bliss, Bloom, Blow, Charlie, Crabby, Cyclop, Darko, Demon, E.T., Kick, Mush, Rush, The Cannon, Vamp) e 16 números de lote distintos, foram analisados, sendo a sua identificação baseada na comparação com a base de dados criada. Verificou-se uma uniformidade qualitativa dos produtos, no que ao número de lote diz respeito. Das 10 catinonas presentes na biblioteca, não foram detetadas a bufedrona e a MDPBP nestes lotes de amostras. Desta análise, detetou-se um composto que não constava da base de dados in-house, cuja análise por GC-MS sugeriu tratar-se do etilfenidato. A sua análise por RMN permitiu a caracterização estrutural do composto, confirmando a identificação efectuada por espectrometria de massa. Em alguns dos fertilizantes, foi também detetada a cafeína, um adulterante comum neste tipo de produtos. Com o intuito de obter mais padrões secundários de NSP, fez-se um levantamento de resultados de análises a fertilizantes para plantas realizados no LPC em 2011. Uma amostra do fertilizante para plantas “Blow”, cuja análise por GC-MS revelou a presença de mefedrona, foi analisada por RMN, que confirmou a identificação realizada e permitiu a inclusão deste composto na base de dados. Uma análise preliminar por GC-MS de 33 incensos herbais (2012, Algerian Blend, Apple, Atomic Bomb, Blow, Bombastic Kaboom Spliff Atomic Bomb, B.R.O.S., Buddah, Butterfly, Caramba, Cheese, Esfinge, Freemind, Future, Home Run, Kaboom, Magic, Mandala, MÁUI, Maya2012, Planet H, PUM!, Radioactive, Rainbow, Red Sunshine, Royal Mix, Smoke, So High, Spike99, Spliff, T-Rex, The Unicorn, Tornado, Whacked), permitiu a identificação, por comparação com a biblioteca de espectros SWGDRUG, de 10 canabinóides sintéticos (JWH-018, JWH-122, JWH-210, JWH-250, MAM2201, AKB48, UR-144, AM694, AM684-derivado cloro e AM1248). Um estudo das fragmentações de massa de cada composto possibilitou aferir fragmentações características para diferentes grupos estruturais, permitindo uma futura análise mais simplificada destes compostos. Uma segunda análise por GC-MS foi realizada em incensos herbais, de modo a seleccionar produtos para isolamento dos compostos da matriz herbal por cromatografia líquida e sua caracterização por RMN, de modo a obter o maior número de padrões secundários possível. Desta análise identifcou-se um outro composto, XLR-11 (derivado fluorado do UR-144). Neste âmbito, foram isolados da matriz por cromatografia líquida, e analisados por RMN, 7 canabinóides sintéticos JWH-018, JWH-122, JWH-210, AKB48, UR-144, XLR-11 e MAM2201, que foram usados para a construção de uma base de dados in-house para canabinóides sintéticos. A relevância da base de dados criada foi comprovada com a identificação de uma nova NPS nunca antes reportada no espaço europeu, 4F-PBP. A presença de fragmentações de massa características permitiu a sugestão de uma estrutura para o composto, que foi elucidada por RMN, permitindo a inequívoca identificação desta nova catinona sintética. A análise por RMN permitiu ainda a deteção de um outro composto, mio-inositol, não detetado por GC-MS. A construção desta base de dados permitiu a identificação de um novo composto, que, aquando da altura da análise, ainda não se encontrava presente nas bibliotecas de espectros de massa existentes no LPC/PJ. O composto foi analisado por GC-MS e RMN, tendo sido identificado como tratando-se do SGT-25, um canabinóide sintético recentemente reportado na Europa. A escassez de dados analíticos deste composto levou ao seu estudo de fragmentações mássicas e análise por NMR em diferentes solventes, CDCl3, MeOD, DMSO e benzeno (d6). Este trabalho permitiu a construção de uma biblioteca de espectros de massa e tempos de retenção in-house composta por 21 compostos sintéticos: 12 catinonas sintéticas (3,4-DMMC, 4F-PBP, 4-MEC, bufedrona, flefedrona, MDPBP, MDPV, mefedrona, metedrona, metilona, N-etilcatinona e pentedrona), 8 canabinóides sintéticos (JWH-018, JWH-122, JWH-210, AKB48, UR-144, MAM2201, XLR-11 e SGT-25) e o etilfenidato (Figura 1). Estes resultados comprovam a aplicabilidade da metodologia proposta neste trabalho na análise de NPS, permitindo uma mais fácil e mais eficaz análise de rotina por parte de um laboratório forense, cuja resposta quer-se rápida e adequada ao fim a que se destina.<br>For the past ten years, a growing spread of new psychoactive substances (NPS) has been witnessed worldwide. In order to circumvent existing narcotics and psychotropic substances legislations, these compounds have been traditionally sold as innocuous products, advertised as being herbal incenses, plant feeders or bath salts, in smartshops or over the Internet. The rapidly growing problem of NPS makes international control a real challenge, with the traditional detection methods becoming increasingly inadequate. In Portugal, the identification of these compounds became more important with the implementation of a new decree in 2013 (Dec-Lei 54/2013, of 17th of April), which forbids the production and commercialisation of about 159 NPS, being liable to fast updates. In order to create effective analytical databases to facilitate the identification of these drugs in Portugal, a collaboration was established between Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa (FCUL) and the Laboratório de Polícia Científica da Polícia Judiciária (LPC/PJ). With the decree, more than 34000 products that were sold in 8 Portuguese smartshops were delivered to LPC/PJ. From those, two types of products, plant feeders and herbal incenses, known to contain two of the most reported categories of NPS, synthetic cathinones and synthetic cannabinoids, were selected for analyses. The plant feeders and herbal incenses were analysed in order to create an in-house Gas Chromatography-Electron Impact-Mass Spectrometry (GC-EI-MS) library of NPS, as their characterisation and structural elucidation by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (NMR) will allow their use as secondary standards in routine GC-MS analysis at LPC/PJ. In this project, the methanolic extracts of 169 samples (111 plant feeders, 56 herbal incenses and 5 seized products) were studied. The identification of 26 NPS (12 synthetic cathinones, 12 synthetic cannabinoids, 5-MeO-DALT and ethylphenidate) was achieved by EI-MS fragmentation patterns of all the compounds and NMR characterisation of mephedrone, ethylphenidate, JWH-018, JWH-122, JWH-210 and SGT-25. EI-MS was based on the characteristic fragments of each compound and NMR was based on one and two-dimensional experiments. This study led to the unequivocal identification of 21 secondary standards that allowed the creation of an in-house library of NPS. The first batch of secondary standards analysed by GC-EI-MS in LPC/PJ were 8 plant feeders and two synthetic compounds that contained 10 cathinones (3,4-DMMC, 4-MEC, buphedrone, flephedrone, MDBPB, MDPV, methedrone, methylone, N-ethylcathinone and pentedrone) explicitly identified in FCUL by NMR and GC-EI-MS previously in this project. This EI-MS library was used in the study of 103 plant feeders with 15 different brand names and 16 different lot numbers, as to assess their qualitative and quantitative variability within lots and brand names. Buphedrone and MDPBP were not detected in these samples, but a compound not yet present in the library was detected, ethylphenidate. In some of those plant feeders, caffeine was also detected. Analysis of previous results from seized plant feeders analysed at LPC/PJ in 2011 permitted the inclusion of mephedrone in the database, after confirmational analysis by NMR. In the GC-EI-MS analyses of 53 herbal incenses, 11 synthetic cannabinoids, one cathinone (MDPV), Vitamin E, caffeine and a tryptamine derivative, 5-Meo-DALT, were identified. Seven out of the eleven detected cannabinoids were isolated from herbal incenses (JWH-018, JW-122 and JWH-210 in this project). All the 7 purified cannabinoids (JWH-018, JWH-122, JWH-210, AKB48, UR-144, XLR-11 and MAM2201) were clearly identified by NMR permitting their use as secondary standards. The developed methodology was applied in 4 seized samples, allowing the identification of two NPS not included in the library: SGT-25, a synthetic cannabinoid recently reported in the European Union (EU); and 4F-PBP, a novel synthetic cathinone in the EU reported by us during this project. This project allowed the construction of an in-house GC-EI-MS library of synthetic NPS, comprising 21 compounds in total: 12 cathinones (3,4-DMMC, 4F-PBP, 4-MEC, buphedrone, flephedrone, MDBPB, MDPV, mephedrone, methedrone, methylone, N-ethylcathinone and pentedrone), 8 cannabinoids (AKB48, JWH-018, JWH-122, JWH-210, MAM2201, UR-144, SGT-25 and XLR-11) and ethylphenidate.

碩士<br>國立臺灣大學<br>電子工程學研究所<br>107<br>This thesis proposes a control architecture for successive-approximation (SAR) analog-to-digital converters (ADCs). A single-channel 10-bit 200-MS/s asynchronous SAR ADC in 90-nm CMOS process was realized based on the proposed architecture. The proposed architecture is a dual-loop asynchronous control scheme. It reduce the waste time problem in LSB steps, which result from the architectural limitation of a conventional asynchronous control. Therefore, increase the speed. The physical design was implement in TSMC 90-nm CMOS process. The core area is 115 µm × 192 µm. From post-layout simulation, at 0.9 V supply voltage and 200-MS/s sampling rate, the total power consumption is 1.61 mW, and ENOB is 9.26 bits. The prediction of maximum 1-sigma DNL and INL are 0.298 LSB and 0.35 LSB respectively This design is in fabrication process and was taped out at 2019/07/10。The chip out was scheduled to 2019/09/26.