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Gaudillat, Pierre. "Développement de capteurs conductimétriques pour le suivi de l'ammoniac en atmosphère humide." Thesis, Dijon, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014DIJOS035.
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L’objectif de cette étude était d’obtenir un capteur à bas coût, fonctionnant à température ambiante, et permettant d’obtenir une information sur la concentration d’ammoniac d’une atmosphère, sans tenir compte de l’humidité. Cela implique une très faible sensibilité à l’humidité et une faible synergie entre l’eau et l’ammoniac.Au terme d’une étude sur la mise en forme de films hybrides hydrophiles, par un procédé « propre » dans l’eau, un capteur a été développé, par un assemblage en couche par couche de polyélectrolytes hydrophiles, la polyaniline et la phtalocyanine tétrasulfonée de cuivre : PANI/TsPcCu. Ce capteur présente une limite de détection d’ammoniac inférieure au ppm et une très faible sensibilité à l’eau, permettant de détecter l’ammoniac sans informations sur l’humidité de l’air.De nouveaux dispositifs, basés sur un mode de transduction breveté, ont été étudiés : les heterojonctions MSDIs (Molecular Semiconductor-Doped Insulator). Ces dispositifs sont formés de deux couches superposées, une sous-couche isolante de type n, F16PcCu ou le PTCDA, et une couche supérieure semi-conductrice de type p, Pc2Lu. L’importance de la jonction entre les deux matériaux, mais aussi de la jonction entre les électrodes et la sous-couche, a été démontrée à l’aide de mesures d’impédances. Les propriétés capteurs des dispositifs MSDI ont été étudiées par exposition à l’ammoniac sur une large gamme d’humidité. Ils présentent une très faible sensibilité à l’eau et permettent de détecter des concentrations d’ammoniac inférieures au ppm. Suite au développement d’un banc de mesures spécifique permettant l’affinage de fromages, celui-ci a pu être suivi par des mesures capteur avec un résistor de PcCo et par GC-MS. Ces mesures ont mis en évidence l’intérêt de tels capteurs pour suivre l’évolution de la maturation des fromagesThe aim of this study was to obtain a low cost sensor, working at room temperature, capable to obtain an information about the ammonia concentration without any information about the humidity. These characteristics imply a very low sensitivity to humidity and a low cross sensitivity between humidity and ammonia.After a study on material processing of hydrophilic films using water as solvent, a sensors has been developed by using layer by layer assembly of polyelectrolytes, such as polyaniline and the tetrasulfonated copper phthalocyanine: PANI/TsCuPc. This sensor is able to detect sub ppm ammonia concentration, with a very low cross sensitivity between ammonia and water which allow ammonia sensing without any information about the humidity.New devices based on a patented transduction method were studied: the MSDIs heterojunctions (Molecular Semiconductor-Doped Insulator). This kind of device is prepared with two different layers, a sub layer of an n-type insulator, F16CuPc or PTCDA, and an upper layer of a p-type semiconductor, LuPc2. The importance of the junction between both materials and between the sub layer and the electrodes were studied by using ammonia exposure on a large humidity range. They exhibit a very low sensitivity to humidity and allow sub ppm ammonia sensing whatever the humidity is.A specific workbench has been developed and tested in the laboratory, to follow cheese ripening by using CoPc gas sensors and gas chromatography. These measurements showed readiness to the use of the kind of gas sensors for the follow up of dairy products
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Mahler, Anna-Britt. "MULTIANGLE SPECTROPOLARIMETRIC IMAGER (MSPI)." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/193923.
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Substantial impacts of aerosols on climate and public health underscore the need for accurate characterization of atmospheric aerosol distributions and microphysical properties. The Multiangle SpectroPolarimetric Imager (MSPI) combines accurate multispectral, multiangle, and polarimetric technologies in a single instrument that images a wide swath on the Earth's surface to advance aerosol remote sensing capabilities. MSPI is required to have 3% radiometric uncertainty and 0.005 degree of linear polarization (DoLP) uncertainty. These are difficult requirements that push the limits of available technologies needed to perform space-based polarimetric imaging. This work examines three topics related to MSPI fabrication and calibration: polarization errors and their correction, achromatic, athermal, quarter wave retarder fabrication, and analysis of a polarization state generator (PSG) for MSPI polarization calibration confirmation.MSPI polarization errors may arise from surface geometry of the optical components, coatings, and quarter wave plates (QWPs). Static polarization errors can be calibrated out, but result in decreased SNR. Polarization errors that drift following calibration cannot be corrected, so a sensitivity analysis is used to set time-varying diattenuation and retardance magnitude tolerances. QWPs are required to work in concert with the PEMs to modulate the linear component of the Stokes vector. A three-material achromatic, athermalized QWP was designed, fabricated and its performance validated. Analysis indicated that the compound QWP was unlikely to meet the requirements if plates were specified by thickness. To address this, a method for QWP fabrication was developed that involves monitoring retardance during polishing. To verify MSPI performance, a PSG was built and calibrated which outputs weakly linearly polarized light with DoLPs varying from 0.0005 to 0.4 with 0.0005 uncertainty by passing nearly unpolarized light through a tilted plane parallel plate. The PSG was intended to act as a calibration standard based on calculated DoLP, but proved difficult to model. Therefore, the DoLP was instead measured to repeatability of 0.0005. Finally, example spectropolarimetric image data taken with MSPI was presented. Work on a follow-on prototype continues that will advance the technologies needed to realize the space-based, fully capable MSPI.
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Ballard, B., T. Degnan, M. Kipp, J. Johnson, D. Miller, and M. Minto. "Mine Safety Detection System (MSDS)." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/17457.
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Systems Engineering Project ReportApproved for public release, distribution unlimited
The search, detection, identification and assessment components of the U.S. Navys organic modular in-stride Mine Countermeasure (MCM) Concept of Operations (CONOPS) have been evaluated for their effectiveness as part of a hypothetical exercise in response to the existence of sea mines placed in the sea lanes of the Strait of Hormuz. The current MCM CONOPS has been shown to be capable of supporting the mine search and detection effort component allocation needs by utilizing two Airborne Mine Countermeasure (AMCM) deployed systems. This adequacy assessment is tenuous. The CONOPS relies heavily upon the Sikorsky MH- 60/S as the sole platform from which the systems operate. This reliance is further compounded by the fact both AMCM systems are not simultaneously compatible on board the MH-60/S. As such, resource availability will challenge the MCM CONOPS as well as the other missions for which the MH-60/S is intended. Additionally, the AMCM CONOPS systems are dependent upon the presence of warfighters in the helicopters above the minefield and as integral participants in the efforts to identify sea mines and to assess their threat level. Model Based System Engineering (MBSE) techniques have been combined with research and stakeholder inputs in an analysis that supports these assertions.m
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Karlfeldt, Fedje Karin. "Metals in MSWI fly ash : problems or opportunities? /." Göteborg : Chalmers University of Technology, 2010. http://publications.lib.chalmers.se/cpl/record/index.xsql?pubid=120763.
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Pieskä, J. (Jukka). "Risk factor based investing:case: MSCI risk factor indices." Master's thesis, University of Oulu, 2016. http://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:oulu-201601141032.
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The aim of this thesis is to study risk factor based investing and test how well MSCI constructs their risk factor based indices. Risk factor based investing has gained a lot of media exposure in the recent years and “Smart Beta” products are becoming more popular. Blackrock estimated that there are more than 700 exchange traded products available and they have over $ 529 billion in assets under management. Risk factor investing aims to harvest the risk premia associated with factors like size, momentum and value.
I tested whether MSCI is able to provide higher Sharpe ratios for higher risk exposure indices and how much they deviated from the parent index of MSCI World. I used the Ledoit & Wolf bootstrap inference test to find out whether the Sharpe ratios of high exposure and high capacity indices differ from each other. Furthermore, I tested how well the Fama & French Three Factor-model with the addition of Carhart momentum factor could explain the returns of MSCI’s risk factor indices. I also constructed different risk factor portfolios using risk-parity methods to see whether it is possible to enhance the returns of risk factor indices by combining them.
The main results and conclusions of this thesis were that risk factor investing can provide excess returns. These excess returns are readily available by investing in MSCI’s risk factor indices. Another key finding was that by utilizing risk-parity methods an investor can achieve excess returns over an equally weighted risk factor portfolio and over the MSCI’s own Diversified Mix index. Furthermore, even though MSCI is the world leader in index creation, their way of creating indices doesn’t seem to be very efficient and it would be beneficial to analyse other index providers, too.
The data used in this thesis were gathered from “MSCI’s end of day index data search”. The data consists of six risk factor indices from developed countries. The price data ranged from November 1998 to August 2015. For the Ledoit & Wolf test I gathered four high capacity indices and four high exposure indices from the same time period. The proxies for academic factors were provided by Kenneth French on his website.
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Larsson, Rasmus. "Energy recovery of metallic aluminium in MSWI bottom ash : Different approaches to hydrogen production from MSWI bottom ash: A case study." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för tillämpad fysik och elektronik, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-95064.
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Most of the wastes in Sweden end up in incinerator plants. These trashes are full of metals, especially aluminium, which will not oxidize, they can’t always be recycled and they will instead oxidize in water and leak hydrogen gas to its surrounding. Estimations calculate it could be an average potential of around 40-50 kWh/ton of burnt trash. Ignoring the imported trash, the national recovery potential of Sweden’s 4,3 million tonnes of trash would then be equal to 170-220 GWh/year due to non-recyclable metals, which are currently going to temporary landfills. The requirements to harness this potential are technically simple, and can be achieved by a quick separation of the recyclables and the non-recyclables. This report will review the factors which increase the rate of reaction and study different ways of extracting the energy, by electrolysis, thermal treatment and mechanical mixing. This was done by taking small samples from the MSWI, owned by Umeå Energi AB, and putting them in small containers. While using the different methods, electrolysis, thermal treatment and mechanichal mixing, the amount of developed H2 gas over time was measured. The result shows that the best methods are mechanical mixing together with thermal treatment, where mechanical mixing seems to give the biggest effect of them two. The electrolysis did not work as intended, where there could be issues with the conductivity of the ash-mixture.
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Kratzsch, Fabian, Alexander Lorz, Raimar Kempcke, and Tjalf Ziemssen. "Integration Touchscreen-basierter Patientenbefragung in das neurologische Dokumentationssystem MSDS." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2014. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-142922.
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Der Einsatz elektronischer Dateneingabeinstrumente im medizinischen Bereich verbessert die Kollaboration zwischen Patienten, Arzt und Fachpersonal durch adaptive Inhalte, Plausibilitätsprüfung und vereinfachte Eingabemethoden. In einem interdisziplinären Gemeinschaftsprojekt des Lehrstuhls für Multimediatechnik der TU Dresden und des Multiple Sklerose Zentrum Dresdens wurde ein Touchscreen-basiertes System für die Selbstbefragung von Multiple Sklerose Patienten entwickelt, evaluiert und in das etablierte neurologische Dokumentationssystem MSDS eingebunden. Im vorliegenden Beitrag wird der Einfluss von Fragebögen bei Patientenkonsultationen beschrieben, die Evaluation Touchscreen-basierter Eingabemethoden und entwickelter Gestaltungskonzepte für elektronische Selbstbefragungen dargestellt sowie der Einsatz der entwickelten Benutzerschnittstelle für Multiple Sklerose Patienten mit dem MSDS aufgezeigt.
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Kratzsch, Fabian, Alexander Lorz, Raimar Kempcke, and Tjalf Ziemssen. "Integration Touchscreen-basierter Patientenbefragung in das neurologische Dokumentationssystem MSDS." Technische Universität Dresden, 2010. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A28025.
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Der Einsatz elektronischer Dateneingabeinstrumente im medizinischen Bereich verbessert die Kollaboration zwischen Patienten, Arzt und Fachpersonal durch adaptive Inhalte, Plausibilitätsprüfung und vereinfachte Eingabemethoden. In einem interdisziplinären Gemeinschaftsprojekt des Lehrstuhls für Multimediatechnik der TU Dresden und des Multiple Sklerose Zentrum Dresdens wurde ein Touchscreen-basiertes System für die Selbstbefragung von Multiple Sklerose Patienten entwickelt, evaluiert und in das etablierte neurologische Dokumentationssystem MSDS eingebunden. Im vorliegenden Beitrag wird der Einfluss von Fragebögen bei Patientenkonsultationen beschrieben, die Evaluation Touchscreen-basierter Eingabemethoden und entwickelter Gestaltungskonzepte für elektronische Selbstbefragungen dargestellt sowie der Einsatz der entwickelten Benutzerschnittstelle für Multiple Sklerose Patienten mit dem MSDS aufgezeigt.
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Boman, Trotte, and Samuel Jangenstål. "Beating the MSCI USA Index by Using Other Weighting Techniques." Thesis, KTH, Matematisk statistik, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-209258.
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In this thesis various portfolio weighting strategies are tested. Their performance is determined by their average annual return, Sharpe ratio, tracking error, information ratio and annual standard deviation. The data used is provided by Öhman from Bloomberg and consists of monthly data between 1996-2016 of all stocks that were in the MSCI USA Index at any time between 2002-2016.For any given month we use the last five years of data as a basis for the analysis. Each time the MSCI USA Index changes portfolio constituents we update which constituents are in our portfolio. The traditional weighting strategies used in this thesis are market capitalization, equal, risk-adjusted alpha, fundamental and minimum variance weighting. On top of that, the weighting strategies are used in a cluster framework where the clusters are constructed by using K-means clustering on the stocks each month. The clusters are assigned equal weight and then the traditional weighting strategies are applied within each cluster. Additionally, a GARCH-estimated covariance matrix of the clusters is used to determine the minimum variance optimized weights of the clusters where the constituents within each cluster are equally weighted. We conclude in this thesis that the market capitalization weighting strategy is the one that earns the least of all traditional strategies. From the results we can conclude that there are weighting strategies with higher Sharpe ratio and lower standard deviation. The risk-adjusted alpha in a traditional framework performed best out of all strategies. All cluster weighting strategies with the exception of risk-adjusted alpha outperform their traditional counterpart in terms of return.I denna rapport prövas olika viktningsstrategier med målet att prestera bättre i termer av genomsnittlig årlig avkastning, Sharpekvot, aktiv risk, informationskvot och årlig standardavvikelse än det marknadsviktade MSCI USA Index. Rapporten är skriven i samarbete med Öhman och data som används kommer från Bloomberg och består av månadsvis data mellan 1996-2016 av alla aktier som var i MSCI USA Index vid någon tidpunkt mellan 2002-2016. För en given månad används senaste fem åren av historisk data för vår analys. Varje gång som MSCI USA Index ändrar portföljsammansättning så uppdaterar vi vilka värdepapper som ingår i vår portfölj. De traditionella viktningsstrategierna som används i denna avhandling är marknadviktat, likaviktat,risk-justerad alpha viktat, fundamental viktat och minsta varians viktat. De klusterviktade strategierna som används i denna avhandling är konstruerade genom att använda K-medel klustring på aktierna varje månad, tilldela lika vikt till varje kluster och sedan använda traditionella viktningsstrategier inom varje kluster. Dessutom används en GARCH skattad kovariansmatris av klustrena för att bestämma minsta varians optimerade vikter för varje kluster där varje aktie inom alla kluster är likaviktade. Vi konstaterar i detta arbete att den marknadsviktade strategin har lägst avkastning av alla viktningsmetoder. Från resultaten kan vi konstatera att det _nns viktningsmetoder med högre Sharpekvot och lägre standardavvikelse. Risk-justerad alpha viktning använt på traditionellt vis är den strategi som presterar bäst av alla metoder. Alla klusterviktade strategier med undantag av risk-justerad alpha viktning presterar bättre än deras traditionella motsvarighet i termer av avkastning.
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Meir, Birgit. "Mobiler Sonderpädagogischer Dienst (MSD) - eine integrative Einrichtung?" Diss., lmu, 2005. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-35437.
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Fernström, Dan. "Generering av MSI-paket : En alternativ installationslösning." Thesis, University of Kalmar, School of Communication and Design, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hik:diva-448.
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Denna rapport beskriver Windows Installer och hur dess API kan användas för att generera MSI-paket. Det förklaras hur MSI-paket bör vara utformade och hur dessa kan användas.
Projektet resulterade i en prototyp åt uppdragsgivaren Capitex AB. Prototypen kunde användas för att generera MSI-paket för applikationen Säljstöd.
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Philippe, Pascal. "MAXIM, un macrosimulateur de circuits MSI, LSI." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37608792q.
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Bates, Sheldon. "Mandibular Symphyseal Distraction Osteogenesis (MSDO): Association with Temporomandibular Dysfunction (TMD) Symptoms." VCU Scholars Compass, 2012. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/2685.
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Background: Transverse mandibular discrepancies are often overlooked during orthodontic treatment. MSDO is a treatment to address this issue, but much debate exists over the long-term implications on the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). Few studies have sample sizes sufficient to draw clear conclusions about the impact of MSDO on TMJ health. Materials and Methods: This study evaluated private practice records including 49 MSDO patients and 57 traditionally-treated controls. The subjects were assessed by TMD exams that evaluated jaw pain and discomfort using visual analog scales, range of motion for opening, right and left lateral, and protrusive movements, and the presence of clenching, bruxism, clicking, crepitus, and pain on TMJ and muscle palpation. Results: No significant changes between the groups were noted during treatment or follow-up. Conclusions: Compared to controls, MSDO patients did not experience any increase in TMD symptoms. Distraction and control patients were not significantly different in any of the categories.
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Souza, Suelene Ribeiro de. "Análise do polimorfismo Mspl do gene CYP1A1m1 (Citocromo P450) em mulheres com endometriose." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Goiás, 2012. http://localhost:8080/tede/handle/tede/2352.
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Previous issue date: 2012-03-27Endometriosis is a disease that affects between 10 and 15% of women of reproductive age. Characterized by the presence of tissue resembling the endometrium similar to the uterine cavity outside the uterus, although some definitions specify that the ectopic tissue functional and sensitive to the action of hormones and their etiopathogenic mechanisms probably involve immunological abnormalities. The degree of involvement of endometriosis is based on the system proposed by the American Society for Reproductive Medicine (1985), based on the findings of laparoscopy. It is observed in the last 10 years, an increasing tendency to use a set of markers to detect changes induced by xenobiotics. Several genetic polymorphisms have been cited for the CYP1A1 gene, indicating a lack of functional protein that can cause an increase or a decrease in metabolic activity. The CYP1A1 gene encode the phase I enzymes involved in detoxification of estrogen metabolism, encodes an isoenzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in phenolic compounds and epoxides. Mapped and located on the long arm of chromosome 15 (15q22-24). The aim of this study was to analyze the gene polymorphism frequency Mspl CYP1A1m1 with endometriosis. We analyzed 52 samples of peripheral blood of with endometriosis documented by laparoscopy (FÉRTILE) aged 25 to 35 women and 42 samples from women without endometriosis aged 25 to 57 years (control group). Molecular analysis by PCR (polymerase chain reaction). There was a statistically significant association (P = 0.039) between endometriosis and CYP1A1m1 polymorphic allele in women with endometriosis (32.70%) and compared with the control group 14,29%. We conclude that the gene polymorphism CYP1A1m1 correlates with endometriosis and polymorphisms are W1/m1candcm1/m1 morecfrequentcincpatientscwithcinfertilityandcwithvmorebseverebclinical bpicturebofbendometriosis.
Endometriose é uma enfermidade que afeta entre 10 e 15% das mulheres em idade reprodutiva. Caracterizada pela presença de tecidos semelhante a do endométrio, idênticos aos da cavidade uterina fora do útero. Apesar de algumas definições especificarem que o tecido ectópico funcional é sensível à ação de hormônios e seus mecanismos etiopatogênicos provavelmente envolvem anomalias imunológicas. O grau do comprometimento da endometriose é baseado no sistema proposto pela American Society for Reproductive Medicine (1985), com base nos achados de laparoscopia. Observa-se nos últimos 10 anos a crescente tendência em se utilizar um conjunto de marcadores para detectar alterações induzidas por xenobióticos. Inúmeros polimorfismos genéticos têm sido citados para o gene CYP1A1. O gene codifica enzimas da fase I envolvidas na desintoxicação no metabolismo de xenobióticos, codifica uma isoenzima que catalisa a oxidação de hidrocarbonetos aromáticos policíclicos (PAHs) em produtos fenólicos e epóxidos. Mapeado no e localizado no braço longo do cromossomo 15 (15q22-24). O objetivo do estudo foi analisar freqüência o polimorfismo do gene Mspl CYP1A1m1 com a endometriose. Foram analisadas 52 amostras de sangue periférico de mulheres com endometriose comprovadas por laparoscopia (FÉRTILE) com idades 25 a 35 anos mulheres e 42 amostras de mulheres sem endometriose com idades 25 a 57 anos (grupo controle). A análise molecular por meio da técnica da PCR (polymerase chain reaction). Constatou-se uma associação estatisticamente significativa (P= 0, 039) entre a endometriose e o alelo polimórfico m1 nas mulheres com endometriose (32,70%) quando comparadas ao grupo controle 14,29%. Concluiu-se que o polimorfismo m1 correlaciona-se com a endometriose e que os polimorfismos W1/m1 e m1/m1 estão mais freqüentes nas pacientes com infertilidade e com quadro clínico mais severo da endometriose.
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Silva, Mancilla Ignacio Tomás. "Cómo reaccionan los mercados LATAM a rebalanceos de los índices MSCI locales." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2018. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/169780.
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Memoria para optar al título de Ingeniero Civil IndustrialLos índices accionarios son una pieza fundamental de información para los inversionistas ya que, son indicadores del desempeño financiero de regiones geográficas, industrias u otras empresas según tamaño por ejemplo. Un distribuidor global de servicios financieros como estos índices es MSCI. Los índices de esta empresa, debido a su estructura estándar y nivel global, son los más seguidos por los inversionistas. Como el objetivo de estos índices es ser representativos de los mercados. MSCI se hace cargo de esto de manera dinámica a través de los rebalanceos trimestrales de índices que poseen dos partes: primero, un anuncio de los cambios a ser efectuados; y segundo, su posterior ejecución alrededor de 2 semanas más tarde. Se ha evidenciado en la literatura que los inversionistas reaccionan frente a estos eventos. Hipótesis como presión temporal sobre el precio o el supuesto de que el evento conlleva información no pública tratan de explicar esta situación. Este trabajo se propone verificar la existencia de este efecto a plazos de 5, 10 y 20 días previo y posterior a los eventos en Latinoamérica, cuantificarlo y verificar si los mercados reaccionan de igual forma a lo observado en la literatura. Se realizó un estudio de evento entorno a la fecha de anuncio y de rebalanceo efectivo efectuado por MSCI trimestralmente, modelando los retornos de acuerdo al modelo de 4 factores de Carhart (1997). De acuerdo a la desviación de los retornos ocurridos y los estimados en torno a los eventos, se definen los retornos anormales y se evalúa su significancia estadística. Se verificó la existencia de retornos anormales para el periodo previo a la fecha de rebalanceo efectivo en el grueso de los mercados estudiados, tanto para el caso de subida de ponderación como de bajada. De igual forma, el día del evento existe un reversal aunque no completo de los rendimientos anormales de los papeles. Por el contrario, no se evidencia un comportamiento que indique la predicción de parte de los inversionistas al evento de anuncio, sino más bien, existe una reacción al día del anuncio que se refleja en los días posteriores. Sin perjuicio de lo anterior, existen discrepancias en los resultados entre los mercados Latinoamericanos. Se muestra un efecto más consistente y significativo para Brasil, Chile y México que para Argentina, Colombia o Perú. Se propone extender la investigación mediante una discrimanción según magnitud de rebalanceo y cambio en las ventanas de tiempo estudiado, se sugiere aislar el estudio post crisis subprime.
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Cobice, Diego Federico. "Mass spectrometry imaging of steroids." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/21032.
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Glucocorticoids are steroid hormones involved in the stress response, with a well-established role in promoting cardiovascular risk factors including obesity and diabetes. The focus of glucocorticoid research has shifted from understanding control of blood levels, to understanding the factors that control tissue steroid concentrations available for receptor activation; it is disruption of these tissue-specific factors that has emerged as underpinning pathophysiological mechanisms in cardiovascular risk, and revealed potential therapeutic targets. However, the field is hampered by the inability at present to measure concentrations of steroid within individual tissues and indeed within component cell types. This research project explores the potential for steroid measurements using mass spectrometry-based tissue imaging techniques combining matrix assisted laser desorption ionization with on-tissue derivatisation with Girard T and Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance Mass Spectrometry (OTCD-MALDIFTICRMS). A mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) platform was developed and validated to quantify inert substrate and active product (11-dehydrocorticosterone (11DHC), corticosterone (CORT) respectively) of the glucocorticoid-amplifying enzyme 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11β-HSD1) in rodent tissues. A novel approach to derivatising keto-steroids in tissue sections using Girard T reagent was developed and validated. Signals were boosted (10⁴ fold) by formation of GirT hydrazones compared to non-derivatised neutral steroids. Active and inert glucocorticoids were detected in a variety of tissues, including adrenal gland and brain; in the latter, highest abundance was found in the cortex and hippocampus. The MSI platform was also applied to human biopsies and murine tissues for the analysis of other ketosterols such as androgens and oxysterols. Proof-of-principle validation that the MSI platform could be used to quantify differences in enzyme activity was carried out by following in vivo manipulation of 11β-HSD1. Regional steroid distribution of both substrate and product were imaged at 150-200μm resolution in mouse brain sections, and the identification confirmed by collision induced dissociation/liquid extraction surface analysis (CID-LESA). To validate the technique, the CORT/11DHC ratios (active/inert) were determined in 11β- HSD1 deficient mice and found to be reduced (KO vs WT; cortex (49 %*); hippocampus (46 %*); amygdala (57 %)). Following pharmacological inhibition by administration of UE2316, drug levels peaked at 1 h in tissue and at this time point, a reduction in CORT/11DHC ratios were also determined, although to a lesser degree than in KO mice, cortex (22%), hippocampus (25 %) and amygdala (33 %). The changes in ratios appeared driven by accumulation of DHC, the enzyme substrate. In brains of mice with 11β-HSD1 deficiency or inhibition, decreases in sub-regional CORT/11DHC ratio were quantified, as well as accumulation of an alternative 11β- HSD1 substrate, 7-ketocholesterol. MSI data correlated well with the standard liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) in whole brain homogenates. Subsequently, the MSI platform was also applied to measure the dynamic turnover of glucocorticoids by 11β-HSD1 in metabolic tissues using stable isotope tracers (Cortisol-D4 (9,11,12,12-D4) (D4F). D4F was detected in plasma, liver and brain after 6 h infusion and after 48 h in adipose. D3F generation was detected at 6 h in plasma and liver; at 24 h in brain specifically in cortex, hippocampus and amygdala; and at 48 h in adipose. The spatial distribution of d3F generation in brain by MSI closely matched enzyme localisation. In liver, an 11β-HSD1-riched tissue, substantial generation of d3F was detected, with a difference in d4F/d3F ratios compared with plasma (ᴧTTRᴧ 0.18± 0.03 (6 h), 0.27± 0.05 (24 h) and 0.38±0.04 (48 h)). A smaller difference in TTR was also detected between plasma and brain (ᴧTTR 0.09 ± 0.03 (24 h), 0.13±0.04 (48 h)), with no detectable regeneration in adipose. After genetic disruption of 11β-HSD1, d3F generation was not detected in plasma or any tissues, suggesting that 11β-HSD1 is the only enzyme carrying out this reaction. After pharmacological inhibition, a similar pattern was seen. The circulating concentration of drug peaked at 2 h and declined towards 4 h, with same pattern in liver and brain. The ᴧTTR ratios 2HPD between plasma and liver (0.27±0.08vs. 0.45± 0.04) and brain (0.11±0.2 vs. 0.19± 0.04) were smaller following drug administration than vehicle, indicating less d3F generation. Extent of enzyme inhibition in liver responded quickly to the declining drug, with ᴧTTR returning to normal by 4 h (0.38± 0.06). ᴧTTR had not normalised 4HPD in brain (0.12±0.02, suggesting buffering of this pool. In adipose, UE2316 was not detected and nor were rates of d3F altered by the drug. Two possible phase I CYP450 metabolites were identified in the brain differing in spatial distribution. In conclusion, MSI with on-tissue derivatisation is a powerful new tool to study the regional variation in abundance of steroids within tissues. We have demonstrated that keto-steroids can be studied by MALDI-MSI by using the chemical derivatisation method developed here and exemplified its utility for measuring pharmacodynamic effects of small molecule inhibitors of 11β-HSD1. This approach offers the prospect of many novel insights into tissue-specific steroid and sterol biology.
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Hermansson, Johan, and Christian Svensson. "Det pedagogiska arbetet inom MSI : Utifrån Bolognaprocessen och UPC." Thesis, Växjö University, School of Mathematics and Systems Engineering, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:vxu:diva-746.
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The Pedagogical progression within MSI – Based upon The Bologna Process and UPC.
In a near future several of the European countries will begin working after new guidelines concerning a declaration called the Bologna process. Everything will be done one step at a time and the declaration will change the way the students are being graded, all this for the sake of making the European labour-market more
opened for all of its millions of students.
In Växjö this process is in the making, but to adapt to the future demands the school must also change its ways of teaching.
To increase its quality the University has put together a procedure of actions to improve the pedagogical working method in all its institutions. In this essay we would like to elucidate how the work with the Bologna process is proceeding within the institution of Mathematics and System Engineering and what
they do improve their pedagogical teaching. By doing a qualitative case study on the student at the Computer Science Program we wish to find the answers to our questions.
Det pedagogiska arbetet inom MSI – Utifrån Bolognaprocessen och UPC.
Inom en snar framtid kommer flertalet länder i Europa jobba efter nya riktlinjer enligt en deklaration kallad Bolognaprocessen. Det hela kommer att ske i etapper och innebär att sättet på vilket studenter bedöms kommer ändras, allt för att göra Europas arbetsmarknad öppnare för alla dess miljoner studerande.
I Växjö pågår detta arbete för fullt, men för att anpassa sig till framtida krav måste skolan även förändra sin utbildningsform. För att höja sin kvalité har universitetet tagit fram en handlingsplan för att förbättra de pedagogiska arbetsmetoderna i alla institutioner. I den här uppsatsen vill vi belysa hur arbetet med Bolognaprocessen fortgår inom Matematiska och systemtekniska institutionen och vad de gör för att förbättra den
pedagogiska undervisningen. Genom att göra en kvalitativ undersökning med Systemvetenskapliga programmets studenter försöker vi finna svaren på våra frågor.
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Rotzer, Daniel. "Momentum strategies Analysis of sector and regional index momentum strategies on MSCI basis /." St. Gallen, 2008. http://www.biblio.unisg.ch/org/biblio/edoc.nsf/wwwDisplayIdentifier/02602019002/$FILE/02602019002.pdf.
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Newton, Jacqueline. "Miniature Sensor Technology Integration (MSTI) and Defense Support Program (DSP): A Heuristic Analysis." Digital Commons at Loyola Marymount University and Loyola Law School, 2012. https://digitalcommons.lmu.edu/etd/424.
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Landgraf, Nadine [Verfasser]. "Charakterisierung der mesodermalen Enhancer msd und msdII der Promotorregion des Delta1-Gens der Maus / vorgelegt von Nadine Landgraf (geb. Griese)." 2003. http://d-nb.info/969247826/34.
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Lanza, Janna R. "Abnormal apoptosis in sterile mshi/mshi mutant mice /." 2004. http://www.consuls.org/record=b27081746.
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Thesis (M.A.)--Central Connecticut State University, 2004.Thesis advisor: James Mulrooney. " ... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Cell and Molecular Biology." Includes bibliographical references (leaves 36-38). Also available via the World Wide Web.
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Compton, Tiwanna M. "Is mshi/mshi sterility the result of caspase-3-mediated apoptosis of spermatogonia at puberty? /." 2004. http://www.consuls.org/record=b27075084.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (M.A.)--Central Connecticut State University, 2004.Thesis advisor: James Mulrooney. " ... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Cell and Molecular Biology." Includes bibliographical references (leaves 32-35). Also available via the World Wide Web.
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Lee, Shu-Hsuan, and 李書萱. "Target Volatility Strategies for MSCI World ETF." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/26v8yx.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立政治大學
國際經營與貿易學系
107
This paper investigates into target volatility strategy applied to ishare MSCI World ETF by the method of Dachraoui (2018). We keep the volatility to a target volatility and use corresponding risk exposure to manage portfolio. When the volatility is high/low, the exposure is low/high. We find that the negative covariance of the realized volatility and the risk-adjusted excess returns is an important factor which may affect TVS is workable or not. Only under the condition of negative covariance, we can conclude an effective TVS.
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LIN, HONG-CHIH, and 林宏志. "The Price Response to MSCI Index Deletions." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/96328283355912694432.
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Chang, Cheng-Yuan, and 張正源. "Physical and chemical characterization of MSWI residues." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/18598375605417265260.
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Tu, Zong-Ting, and 涂宗廷. "The Intrinsic Value of MSCI Taiwan Index." Thesis, 2002. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/78427055271358563842.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立政治大學
國際貿易學系
90
We provide an empirical assessment of the residual income valuation model bases on analyst forecast data in Taiwan stock market. At the same time, we model the times-series relation between stock price and intrinsic value as a co-integrated system. In this framework, we compare the performance of alternative estimates of intrinsic value for the component stocks of MSCI Taiwan Index. According to our results, analyst forecasts are good sources for us to estimate the intrinsic values of companies. Intrinsic value-to-price and earning-to-price ratios are reliable predictors of market returns over longer horizons. However, traditional value benchmarks such as book value-to-price and dividend-to-price ratios have little predictive power for returns in Taiwan stock market.
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WAN, LU-CHIEN, and 萬露茜. "The Study of Relationships among Taiwan Stock Index，Taiwan Stock Index Futures，MSCI Taiwan Index and MSCI Taiwan Index Futures." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/39748739589942336693.
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碩士國立高雄應用科技大學
金融系金融資訊碩士在職專班
105
This study explores the correlation between Taiwan Stock Index，Taiwan Stock Index Futures，MSCI Taiwan Index and MSCI Taiwan Index Futures. Among them, the non-constant measurement method, using Cointegration test as evidence, view the variable between the short, medium and long-term equilibrium relationship between the results found that there is a long-term equilibrium between the variables. In addition, the Granger Causibility Test shows that the MSCI Taiwan Index Futures has a two-way feedback on the Taiwan Stock Index and the MSCI Taiwan Index, and its changes will affect the Taiwan Stock Index and the MSCI Taiwan Index. Observe the changes in the MSCI Taiwan Index Futures . In the empirical study of the impact response function, the variables are affected by the impact of their own, but the fluctuation caused by other variables decreases rapidly with the increase of the time delay. At the same time, the MSCI Taiwan Index is the same as the other variables. The number of more impact of the longer time. Forecasting error variance decomposition empirical results, Taiwan Stock Index and the MSCI Taiwan Index of the highest degree of self-interpretation, the strongest exogenous, Taiwan Stock Index Futures and MSCI Taiwan Index Futures is the most endogenous.
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Huang, Chin-Ming, and 黃錦明. "Decision-Making Process for MSWI Bottom Ash Utilization." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/91796145120323106905.
Full textAbstract:
博士國立臺灣大學
環境工程學研究所
95
The Taiwan Environmental Protection Administration has studied the treatment and reuse of MSWI ashes for many years and collected references on international experience accumulated by developed nations for establishing policies on treatment and reuse of MSWI ashes. The total number of incinerators is expected to increase to 27 with treatment capacity of 27,450 tons per day in service, operated daily to generate about 6,500 tons of incinerator bottom ash and 1,500 tons of incinerator fly ash, serving almost all cities in Taiwan by 2007. The citations were analyzed as the basis for current governmental decision making on policies and factors to be considered for establishing decisions on recycle and reuse of MSWI ashes. Feasible applications include utilization of ashes, which after sieving and separation of metal particles, produce secondary construction materials. When secondary construction materials comply with TCLP limitations, they can be utilized as cement additives, asphalt aggregate or road base. The decision making procedures of evaluation have been proposed in the performance criteria, health risk assessment, ecological risk assessment, to be included in the proposed process of ash utilization. This study was associated with the assessment of CLSM with bottom ash. The assessment method that combines engineering criteria and risk assessment, then be used to select the available substitution ratio for practice. The results were showed best condition was C/W 0.4, W/S 0.35∼0.40. Therefore, the achievements of the study could serve as the basis for the decision making and risk management related to reuse of bottom ash. The health risk assessment of CLSM with bottom ash were evaluated, the cancer risk of exposure route under construction and road service was lower than 10-6, and hazard quotient for noncancer was lower than 1. The physical and environmental properties of asphalt mixtures using various incinerator bottom ash as fine aggregate substitution were investigated. The Marshall mix design method was used to determine the asphalt content and evaluate the potential performance of IBA–asphalt mixtures. Leachates, from laboratory and outdoor leaching tests, were measured the concentration of heavy metals and daphnia toxicity. While with adequate Marshall stability, the IBA–asphalt mixtures were shown to have excessively high Marshall flow and excessively low VMA. The results of the wheel tracking tests indicated that the mixtures had low rutting resistance. The results of the water sensitivity test showed that the mixtures had a higher tensile strength ratio. Considering the environmental compatibility, the outdoor leachates showed that IBA had a high level of daphnia toxicity. From the ecological risk perspective, IBA could be identified as hazardous waste. However, after being mixed with asphalt, the concentration of heavy metals and the levels of daphnia toxicity were significantly reduced. The leachates of 10-day flat plate leaching tests indicated that the heavy metal were undetectable and the daphnia toxicity was ineffective. The IBA substitution rate would be suggested as less than 25% for surface course and less than 50% for base course To address public concerns, TEPA has adopted stringent regulations to reduce risk in bottom ash utilization and minimize the emission of pollutants in the flue gas from MSWI. In addition to providing technical guidelines for bottom ash utilization, TEPA has initiated the demonstration projects for obtaining field data to affirm the utilization policy and to revise the technical criteria, if needed. In this way, risk in the whole utilization process will be minimized, and the benefit and cost-effectiveness of the selected strategies on utilization will be maximized. The author offers the decision making process for the utilization of bottom ash with the engineering specification, environmental risk and ecological risk.
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Peng, Bo-syun, and 彭柏勳. "The Prediction of Deletion of MSCI Taiwan Index." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/65594728758115922300.
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碩士國立中央大學
財務金融學系
104
The previous studies all pointed out that the deleted stocks would have significant negative abnormal returns after the reconstitution of the announcement of MSCI Indices. Stocks deleted from MSCI Taiwan Index gaped down at open price, which is very hard to earn that kind of return. In the sample period from January 2008 to February 2016, we find that the market value is the main cause of deletion. Through the MSCI Global Investable Market Indices Methodology, we can simulate the methodology and predict the deletion list of next reconstitution, which has 64.13 percent of precise rate by predicting the stock which will be deleted and has 99.61 percent of precise rate by predicting the stock which won’t be deleted. Investors can use that method to predict the deletion list in the next reconstitution and sell short the stock to improve the performance of their portfolios.
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Hsu, Charlin, and 許嘉麟. "The research of MSCI Taiwan Stock Index futures options." Thesis, 1997. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/97846364313676444731.
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碩士國立中央大學
財務管理學系
85
The study adopts the option pricing approach of Black(1976) and Barone-Adesi & Whaley(1987) to price the MSCI Taiwan Stock Index futures options. Data include the first 4 months trading of the contract during January 9, 1997 to April 30.1997 trading in SIMEX are used in this study.The results of the study find that the option price estimated between Black(1976) and Barone-Adesi & Whaley(1987) model do not have significant difference. The option prices estimated by Barone-Adesi & Whaley(1987) model on average deviate form the observed trading prices by 18.78%. However, the results do not show moneyness bias and maturity bias. The substantial mispricingerrors could be caused by the small trading volume and the infrequent trading during the first 4 months of trade. This study further adopts regression analysis that relates the pricing errors to the parameters of the option model. Results indicate that the degree of moneyness, time to maturity and impliedvolatility do not correlated to mispricing errors except the implied volatility of call option.
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Wu, Ming-Che, and 吳明哲. "Pretreatments on the Leaching Behaviour of MSWI Bottom Ash." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/45263431975497118026.
Full textAbstract:
碩士輔英科技大學
環境工程與科學系碩士班
99
Pretreatments on the Leaching Behaviour of MSWI Bottom Ash Abstract Toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP) has been the primary environmental validation protocol for reused MSWI bottom ash in Taiwan. Nevertheless, TCLP is originally developed for the identification of hazardous wastes; it is not suitable for the investigation of the leaching potential of recycled products. In order to evaluate long term leaching potential and environmental risk of heavy metals from reuse of MSWI bottom ash; percolation test (CEN 14405), pH dependent test (CEN 14429), availability leaching test (NEN 7341) were conducts on the MSWI bottom ash with pretreatments (water-washed and phosphate acid pretreated). Immissions of ashes were calculated and compared with Building Material Decree (BMD). Also leaching of heavy metals to the soil was simulated with LeachXS-Orchestra expert system for the risk assessment. Results show that MSWI bottom ash sampled (BAB) contain majorly silica, calcium, aluminum and iron elements. TCLP results show that BAB meets the Taiwan current regulation standard. Observation on the water-washed bottom ash (BAW) and phosphate acid treated bottom ash (BAP) shows that pretreatment with phosphate acid could effectively reduce the leaching concentration of Zn to 1.61 mg/L. Calculations from the percolation data indicate that immission could meet BMD category I and category II standard, though small amount of Mo and Sb might leach out from BAB and BAW, and tiny amount of Sb might leach out from BAP. Further comparison on the stabilization of heavy metal ability reveals that BAP>BAW>BAB. Simulation with LeachXS-Orchestra expert system indicates though Mo and Sb could penetrate the underneath soil layer, the concentrations are insignificant. Other element such as As,Cd,Ni,Pb and Zn are confined in the surface layer of soil ( 0 cm ~ 50 cm). In conclusion, stabilized MSWI bottom ash is environmental compatible, and it could be reused as recycled products. Key words: Pretreatments, MSWI bottom ash, Leaching behaviour, LeachXS-Orchestra.
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Tzeng, Bor-Yu, and 曾博榆. "Hydration Characteristics of MSWI Ashes Modified Slag Blended Cement." Thesis, 2002. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/84616308271529480885.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立中央大學
環境工程研究所
90
This study investigated the pozzolonic reactions and engineering properties of municipal solid waste incinerator (MSWI) ash modified slag blended cements (SBC) with various replacement ratios. The modified slags were characterized by melting the MSWI ash mixtures at 1,400℃ for 30 min. The mixtures were composed of different types of MSWI ash, including fly ash, scrubber ash and bottom ash, with various formulas. Bottom ash and scrubber ash, in general, have higher melting points, and are more energy intensive to melt than fly ash. Therefore, fly ash was used to modify the mixtures. The obtained slags were divided into three series based on the experimental ash mixtures. Following further pulverization, these slags were blended with cement at cement replacement ratios ranging from 10% to 40%. The slags thus obtained were quantified and the characteristics of their SBC pastes examined, including the pozzolanic activity, compressive strength, hydration activity, gel pores, crystal phases, species, and the microstructure at various ages. The results indicate that the slag contained 27∼34% CaO, 29∼39% SiO2, and 8∼23% Al2O3, and approximately 47∼67% non-calcium compounds, thus meeting the ASTM C grade for fly ash, which is similar to that of the blast furnace slag. The 90-day compressive strength developed by SBC pastes with a 10% and 20% cement replacement by slags generated from the modification of scrubber ash, outperformed that of ordinary Portland cement(OPC) by 1-7 MPa, whereas the slags generated from the modifications of bottom ash series were comparable to OPC with a difference of less than 0.5MPa. From the pore size distribution, as shown by the MIP results, it was found that, with increasing curing ages, the gel pores increased and the total porosity and capillary pores decreased ─ a result that shows that hydrates had filled the pores. XRD and DTA species analyses indicated that the hydrates in SBC pastes were mainly CH, the calcium silicate hydrate C-S-H(C-S-H) gel, and C-A-H salts, like those found in OPC paste. TG analysis also indicated that the slag reacted with CH to form C-S-H and C-A-H. The average length (in terms of the number of Si molecules) of linear polysilicate anions in C-S-H gel, as determined by NMR, indicated an increase in all SBC pastes with increasing curing age, which outperformed that of OPC at 90 days. The generation of C-S-H gel, with intersections forming a network structure, as observed by SEM from the surface reaction with CH, also indicated the later development of strength in SBC pastes enhanced by the slag. It can be concluded from the study results that MSWI ash can be modified and processed by melting to recover reactive pozzolanic slag, which may be used in SBC to partially replace cement.
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Lin, Sung-Hui, and 林松輝. "Anaerobic Co-digestion of Real MSW and MSWI Ashes." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/46329288816032120015.
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碩士朝陽科技大學
環境工程與管理系碩士班
97
Sustainable development has been the core concept in the agenda of earth summit in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil in 1992. The core values have been used as the principal guidelines to resolve environmental and climate change problems at the moment in 21th century. Taiwan is a small island comprised of 26.36% plain and higher than two thirds of hill and mountain. Due to the enhancement of living standard and consumption, municipal solid waste (MSW) has increased and MSW incinerator (MSWI) has been the primary treat method for the MSW. However, the residues generated from the incineration still account for 15% of original MSW volume. They need to be treated carefully to prevent the secondary pollution. MSWI bottom ash (MSW BA) and fly ash (MSW FA) have been used as aggregate, soil amendment, back fill and co-composting. In this study, MSWI bottom ash and fly ash were co-digested with MSW to investigate their possibility as landfill cover. Anaerobic bioreactors of 30 cm height with 15 cm * 15 cm bottom area were used to simulate the landfill sites. One liter of real MSW was placed on the bottom of the anaerobic reactors. Then, 0.6 liter of anaerobic sludge seeding was placed on it. Then, the designated MSWI BA, MSW FA and soil were placed on the anaerobic sludge seeding. This arrangement accounted for one layer and four layer of placement were used to conduct the experiment. The total 22 anaerobic bioreactors were placed on the oven maintained at 35℃. Gas production was recorded by water replacement daily. pH, ORP, EC, Sal were measured after 80 ml of leachate taken and filtration weekly. TS, VS, and COD and metals in leachate were measured monthly. Through gas production and anaerobic parameters, the suitable ratios of MSWI BA and FA with MSW co-digestion can be obtained. Results showed that gas production was found to be beneficial in soil 1500 g l-1, MSWI FA 60 g l-1, MSWI FA 40 g l-1, control, and MSWI BA 600 g l-1 bioreactors. The gas production was found to be in the order of soil 1500 g l-1 > MSWI FA 60 g l-1 > MSWI FA 40 g l-1 > control ≧ MSWI BA 600 g l-1. Other anaerobic bioreactors were found to be strongly inhibitory in the MSW digestion. pHs in the range of 6-8 were found to be suitable for MSW anaerobic digestion. Released metals in suitable range were thought to enhance the gas production. However, exact beneficial levels may need to be tested for clarity in the future work by individual metal or mixed metals added on the designated MSW anaerobic digestion.
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Tsai, Tsung-Hsun, and 蔡宗勳. "The study of sintering treatment of MSWI fly ash." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/06429439269148233515.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立中興大學
環境工程學系
93
Abstract The quantities and varieties of solid wastes have increased rapidly, due to the growth in the industry and commerce. The incineration has become the major process to treat municipal solid waste due to the high volume reduction and energy recovery. About 20 municipal waste incinerators operate in Taiwan, and produce a large amount of the bottom ash and fly ash. Hazardous fly ash was generated from the incineration process due to the high proportion of heavy metal existing in input waste. Solidification of fly ash and subsequent landfill disposal has been widely applied to treat incinerator fly ash in Taiwan. However, the landfills have been applied for many years and the capacity approaches the upper limit gradually. Resource recycling is a promising concept for the solid waste treatment and receive more attention in the recent research. The sintering process seems to be a potential technology to handle the incineration ash, and has been used to the treatment of sewage sludge, sedimentary sludge and incineration ash in MSWI. The main purposes of sintering process are which effectively lower the dissipation rate of hazardous materials and hope to resource recycling. Most of research of sintering is focused on batch study. The main objective of this study is to investigate the continuous sintering behavior of fly ash with a rotary kiln. The operating conditions are as follows: (1) the different sintering temperatures and (2) operation time. The differences between the continuous and batch system will also be examined to provide an actual consultation in plants. The main purpose of the study focuses on finding a simple and economic process to treat MSWI fly ash.
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Liu, Chien-Chung, and 劉建中. "Microwave-assisted Acid Degradation Treatment of MSWI Fly Ash." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/zk2q46.
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博士國立臺北科技大學
工程科技研究所
101
The refuse disposal strategy of Taiwan has adoped incineration as the primary method of treatment with landfills as supplement. Fly ash discharged from municipal solid waste incinerators (MSWI) was classified as hazardous waste because the leashing of heavy metals (especially Pb) and the content of PCDDS/FS are usually over the regulation limits, so it was majorly treated by Solidifition/Stabilization method, after that sent to the landfills for final disposal. Such way will caused the serious loading of limited landfills capacity and also affected the implementation of Zero Waste Policy. This study fouced on using the microwave-assisted acid degradation treatment (MDT) to reduce the hazardous materials (Pb and PCDDS/FS) simultaneously. The fly ash after MDT will be harmless and easily be resused. Microwave-assisted acid degradation treatment has the advantages of uniform heating, quick reaction, low power consumption and effect reduction of hazardous materials. The fly ash (FA) and reaction ash (RA) used in this study were sampled separately from a domestic large-scale MSWI in northern Taiwan. They were tested by physical and chemical properties but only the RA was used for MDT test. The MDT method usesd an acid combination of H2SO4 (17.8M) for its high boling point and HNO3 (15.6M) for strong oxidation power, and tested with different reaction time and temperature in the same conditions of solid/liquid ratio (1/10) and 600W. It is found that the TCLP-extractable concentration of Pb will decrease with the increases of both treatment time and temperature, especially the reduction efficiency is significant in the early time of reaction. In the case of treatment temperature of 433°K, the reduction efficiency can reach 98.5％ after treatment time of 16 minutes. It is equivalent to the TCLP-extractable lead concentration of 46.2 mg/L in raw fly ash is down less than 0.69 mg/L, which is very lower than the hazardous regulation limit in Taiwan (5.0 mg/L). This work took the experimental data for correlation, and obtained the correlation equation between reduction efficiency and treatment time and temperature with a square correlation coefficient of 0.9401 as following: η(%)= 1-exp〔-30‧t‧exp (-2,210/T)〕. This equation can be used to estimate the reduction efficiency (η) for different temperature and time by the MDT in order to choose the effective operating conditions that make sure the fly ash after treatment is below the legal limits. The toxic equivalent concentration of PCDDS/FS has dropped to 0.00047 ng-I-TEQ/gdw (reduction efficiency is 99.94%) after MDT with the same test conditions above but higher solid/liquid ratio (1/20), which means that the MDT also get good reduction efficiency for PCDDS/FS in fly ash. In this study, on the basis of 100 tons / day for MDT plant scale, with a subsequent two-stage washing units, the treatment cost is 6,877 NTD / ton. The fee is higher than solidifition method (3,758 NTD / ton) and two-stage water washing method (3,939 NTD / ton), but lower than the melting technology (10,049 NTD / ton). The most important advantage of MDT is that the major hazardous substances of heavy metals and PCDDS/FS in fly ash could be reduced effectively so that the fly ash after treatment will be harmless and beneficial for recycling and utilization. It is worthing on the follow-up application.
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Tsai, Meng-Han, and 蔡孟翰. "Influence of sulphate on MSWI ash for cement sintering." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/71886735534303218690.
Full textAbstract:
碩士輔英科技大學
環境工程與科學系碩士班
94
MSWI ash is primarily composed of silicates, aluminum, calcium and iron oxides that are similar to the composition in cement raw materials. Utilization of MSWI ash as replacement of cement raw materials should be one possible strategy on waste reus. This research is aimed to study the application of bottom ash, fly ash and reaction ash to reuse for cement sintering. The inferferring factors for cement production by MSWI ash were also discussed. Experimental results show that sulphate and chlorine contained in the reaction ash and fly ash was so high that hindered the formation of C3S and β-C2S during the calcination of cement clinkers. Chlorine is belong to flux in clinkering, therefore too high content can cause clinkers melting. In this study, water wash pretreatment of reaction ash and fly ash was performed, and it was effective for the removal of chlorine. Then, the interference for cement sintering caused by chlorine can be reduced. Sulphate can response to produce γ-CaSO4 with calcium during the sintering, a too high coutent can influence the formation of C3S and β-C2S. Therefore, sulphate content should be a control factor for the reuse of MSWI ash for cement sintering, since it can hinder the formation of C3S and β-C2S during the calcination of cement clinkers.
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Chen, Cheng-Gang, and 陳政綱. "The Expansion Mechanism of Lightweight Aggregate Sinteringfrom MSWI Bottom Ash." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/35092861679758357404.
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碩士淡江大學
水資源及環境工程學系碩士班
95
Lightweight aggregate was produced by natural expansion material, e.g. pumice, shale, and clay. This study used a municipal solid waste incinerator (MSWI) bottom ash as the material to sinter an artificial lightweight aggregate.Comparing MSWI bottom ash with natural expansion material, we found that the compounds of MSWI bottom ash were complex and heterogeneous. Therefore adding SiO2 and Fe2O3 to the milling of MSWI bottom ash was necessary. And then we used different parameters of sintering to understand the quantity of the expansion gas during the sintering process. The experiment was divided into four parts. First experiment discussed the relation between the quantity of the expansion gas with Fe2O3 when fixed the quantity of MSWI bottom ash and specimens didn’t have deformed during the sintering process. Second experiment fixed the parameters of the sintering and comprehended the influence of adding SiO2. Third experiment, added 10% of fine grain MSWI bottom ash and Fe2O3 to coarse grain MSWI bottom ash, found the effect of adding the fine grain MSWI bottom ash. Final experiment discussed the effect of the form of the artificial lightweight aggregate in the different sintering atmospheres. The compounds of MSWI bottom ash for producing CO2 were more important than adding Fe2O3. In addition the reduction atmosphere was helpful to produce the high quality of the artificial lightweight aggregate.
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Chen, YI YU, and 陳怡瑜. "The Information Effect of Announcement of MSCI Taiwan Index Components." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/50089928659519219563.
Full textAbstract:
碩士淡江大學
管理科學研究所企業經營碩士在職專班
98
The research will aim MSCI at the Component Stocks added to or deleted in variation of price and volume effects. Also in actual market concept, using daily data to aim MSCI new and rejecting Component Stocks open-to-close data on next day, confer about price and quantity variable in closing quotation on claim day and after closing quotation data, analyzing close-to-open and judging the pressure in buy and sale. The result of proven on claim day and next day, it has unusual rewards. It found unusual reward on before claim day and two days later in rejecting Component Stocks. It shows the market has bigger response in rejective claim. After executived day, no matter new or reject stocks, it could be found reverse phenomenon no matter new stocks or reject stocks. Besides, the event appeared right accumulative rewards, it also showed in minus accumulative rewards. But in the executed windows, it appeared minus accumulative rewards, and rejective stocks appeared minus accumulative rewards, and rejective stocks also appeared right accumulative rewards. The research’s result conform with price pressure hypothesis.
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Tsui, Jen-Tien, and 崔仁典. "Asymmetric GARCH Value-at-Risk over MSCI in Financial Crisis." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/08091995810043277451.
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碩士臺灣大學
財務金融學研究所
98
VaR is more applicable as a financial management tool to control risk. In this study we employ four asymmetric GARCH models, which are GJR-GARCH, NA-GARCH, T-GARCH, and AV-GARCH to compare their performance on VaR forecasting to the symmetric GARCH model. In addition, we adopt four different mean equations which are ARMA(1,1), AR(1), MA(1), and “in-mean” in order to find out a more appropriate GARCH method in estimating VaR of MSCI World Index in financial crisis. We pick up 900 daily information of MSCI World Index from May. 29, 2006 to Nov, 6, 2009. The major findings in this study are as follows (1) GARCHM(1,1) in mean, MA-GARCHM(1,1), AR(1)- T-GARCHM(1,1), and ARMA(1,1)- T-GARCHM(1,1) outperform other models in terms of number of violations (2) ARMA(1,1)- T-GARCHM(1,1) performs the best in terms of mean violation range, mean violation percentage, aggregate violation range, aggregate violation percentage, and max violation range. (3) Other than T-GARCH models, number of violations decreased by using in-mean or MA(1) mean equation. (4) Generally speaking, the better the performance in terms of violation, the larger the capital requirement is needed.
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Liou, Chiung-Ling, and 劉瓊玲. "MSWI Reaction Ash Regeneration by Stabilization Accompany with Sintering Process." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/73617164545393128049.
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碩士淡江大學
水資源及環境工程學系碩士班
93
Municipal solid waste treatment method was treading toward incineration in Taiwan. A large amount of fly ash could be produced. The heavy metals concentration of fly ash failed to meet the EPA’s regulation of TCLP test thresholds. The de-toxicfication and stabilization for fly ash were necessary and the final aim is regeneration. This study was to develop a new process that could cheaply and stably treat the fly ash and regenerate the products. The process includes water-washing, phosphoric acid stabilization, and sintering. Washing could remove the soluble salts in the fly ash, which is harmful to the sintering process; the phosphoric acid could stabilize the heavy metals. The pretreated fly ash could be safely materialized by sintering technology. The study was found that fly ash after water washed twice, the soluble salt could remove 90%. After stabilized with proper dosage of phosphoric acid solution, the concentration of Pb were significantly reduced in the TCLP extract of the washed fly ash samples. Then the stabilized samples were mixed with designed percentage of water purification sludge and clay, and sintering at 1000 and 1100 0C. The sintered products could achieve the criteria for aggregate of construction that is possible to be regenerated.
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Wu, Kuan-Chung, and 吳冠中. "Study of MSWI Ashes as Coagulant on Landfill Leachate Treatment." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/20833896857181682480.
Full textAbstract:
碩士朝陽科技大學
環境工程與管理系碩士班
97
Municipal solid waste (MSW) has been treated in major by incineration and in part by landfilling due to the scarce land in Taiwan. However, ashes such as bottom ash (BA) and fly ash (FA) generated from MSW incinerator (MSWI) still account for about 10-15% of original MSW. Thus, they need to be treated carefully to prevent the secondary pollution. In general, BA has been mostly used as aggregate, backfill, soil amendment and landfill cover. FA has also been used as additive aggregate or cement partly. However, it has been treated by solidification and stabilization in most case. Generally, BA and FA have been treated for utilization purpose. BA and FA contain large amount of Al and Fe oxide and have high specific surface. Therefore, they have the potential to be used as adsorbent and coagulant for landfill leachate treatment. In this study, jar test was used to test the suitability of FA and BA as a coagulant for leachate treatment. Water parameters analysis includes pH, ORP, EC, COD, NH4-N, PO4-3, color, SS and metals. Experimental operational conditions contained BA or FA/leachate ratios (0, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64 g/0.1 L), pHs (1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13), agitation time (0, 5, 10, 20, 40, 60 min), and rotation speed (0, 20, 40, 80, 120, 200 rpm). After optimal test of operation parameters, BA was found to have the high treatment efficiency at the conditions of 2 g/0.1 L ratio, pH 7, 80 rpm, 25℃, 20 min. The removal efficiency was found to be in the order of COD (30%) > Color (24%) > SS (11%). Similarly, FA was found to have the high treatment efficiency at the conditions of 2 g/0.1 L ratio, pH 7, 40 rpm, 25℃, 5 min. The removal efficiency was found to be in the order of Color (70%) > COD (54%) > SS (42%). Using the optimal conditions of BA and FA, Al2(SO4)3 (700, 1400, 2800, 5600, 8000, 12000 mg l-1) and FeCl3 (30, 130, 430, 830, 1000, 2000 mg l-1) coagulants with different amounts were used to test their removal efficiency of leachate pollutants. In addition, pH adjusted to 7 and pH without adjustment after coagulants addition was conducted for comparison. Results showed that removal efficiency of PO4-3 and color could be reached as higher than 75% at the conditions of Al2(SO4)3 (1400 mg l-1) plus FA (16 g), FeCl3 (430 mg l-1) plus FA (16 g) and Al2(SO4)3 (1400 mg l-1) plus FA (4 g) plus FeCl3 (430 mg l-1) plus FA (4 g) without pH adjustment. It is also noted that removal efficiency of heavy metals higher than 65% was observed in most case. This phenomenon indicates that suitable amounts of combination of BA, FA, Al2(SO4)3 and FeCl3 can enhance the PO4-3, color and metals removal efficiency than any of them with only individual treatment test.
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鄭光志, Guang-Jhih Jheng, and 鄭光志. "Dechlorinate Pretreatment by Acid Washing for Recycling MSWI Bottom Ash." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/zb48ce.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺北科技大學
環境工程與管理研究所
98
Because of the domestic incineration bottom ash reuse proportion elevates year by year and it’s reuse purpose also to be more and more extensively,therefore, before the incineration bottom ash uses again, processes also relative appears important, and how does this research mainly increase the acidic medicament by four section of continuous-type washing in elimination bottom ash water-soluble chloride ion in the type domestic laws and regulations stipulations (The bottom ash the water-soluble chloride ion to be lower than 0.024wt% according to the CNS1240 before bottom ash reusing) as well as reduces the cost to favor in the project effectively the utilization. This research by liquid solid ratio、time、and the increase acidic medicament''s quantity takes experiment''s three tremendous influence condition, finally discovered that the fore-mentioned three conditions the enhancement can increases the efficiency with the bottom ash the water-soluble chloride ion in elimination, namely time = 10 minutes、liquid solid ratio =1, and the increase the acidic medicament are the acid: water =1: 500, the bottom ash the water-soluble chloride ion density by 0.858% drop to 0.132% (to reduce the efficiency =84.6%); But when the condition enhances for time = 30 minutes、liquid solid ratio =3, the increase the acidic medicament is the acid: water =1: 100, the bottom ash the water-soluble chloride ion density drop to 0.021%, reduces the efficiency to reach as high as 97.4%. Base on this comprehensive judgment discover to increase weak acid medicament may promote the bottom ash the water soluble chloride ion elimination effect, and time = 30 minutes is the best process time by acid washing, but how much this micro weak acid medicament must increase suitable、and the work in the feature either process application still should still should regard the actual bottom ash application (or market) decide, according to this study initially estimate cost of this work is 505 dollars each ton, but its extends that the character changed of bottom ash、Wastewater disposal、and the process application stability all are the topics following discusses again
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Lin, Shiou-Yi, and 林修毅. "Resource of MSWI Fly Ash as Alternative of Cement Material." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/9xq4hs.
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碩士國立臺北科技大學
環境工程與管理研究所
101
MSWI fly ash is well known a hazardous industrial waste in the world, the characteristics of ash in cement slurry treated by promising technology - thermal degradation with salting precipitation are studied in this work , it can be efficient to reduce dioxin and Pb-metal to the legal limit. So we can not only accomplish “zero waste policy” but complete the “resources circulation.” Four characteristic of cement slurry were adopted to study the feasible of MSWI fly ash as alternative of cement material in this work. According to the results obtained, the detoxic ash addition increases the cement slurry initial and final setting time. Because of the hydration reduced ,more substitution of innoxious ash makes more drying shrinkage. Then we choose two mixture ratio: water cement ratio - substitution rate are 0.35-5 % and 0.37-10 % to compare their porosity, the total pore volume decrease 34.7 % and 47.6 % , the pore diameter decrease 28.4 % and 30.7 %. The compressive strength of cement slurry which substitution rate below 10% are 26.6 to 43.1 MPa. In this study, deduce this work that the slurry of low water cement ratio (0.30 to 0.37) and low substitution rate (5 % and 10 %) have more extension of application. Compare with the pre-treatment ways of MSWI fly ash, thermal degradation have higher cost than the solidification process with cement, but the beneficial from utilization also can keep the cost down, so this is worth of discussing in the future.
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Wei, Pei-Shou, and 魏培修. "Study on MSWI Fly Ash Solidified / Stabilized with Geopolymer Material." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/c8rk2g.
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碩士國立臺北科技大學
資源工程研究所
97
Because of amounts of heavy metals in municipal solid waste incinerator fly ash (MSWI fly ash), MSWI fly ash solidified/stabilized with cement and chelating agents was the major treatment technology of MSWI fly ash. However, even after solidification/stabilization, heavy metals in MSWI fly ash could be leached in the acidic condition. Therefore, it was utilized fly ash, metakaolinite, sodium silicate and alkaline solution to prepare fly ash geopolymerized solidification/stabilization matrices (FAGPSSM) in this study. The effects of curing time, SiO2/Al2O3 ratio and SiO2/Na2O ratio to compressive strength, heavy metals leachability and micro-structure of FAGPSSM would be investigated and long-term stability of heavy metals in FAGPSSM would be evaluated. The results indicated that the compressive strength and heavy metal leachability of FAGPSSM prepared with SiO2/Al2O3 and SiO2/Na2O ratio respectively 3.0 and 0.75 would be better. The leaching concentration of Pb in FAGPSSM cured after 28 days by TCLP method was lower than 0.1 mg/L and it showed that FAGPSSM could effectively immobilize Pb in MSWI fly ash. The spectra of 29Si and 27Al NMR implied that there were amorphous calcium silicate hydrate (CSH) gels and aluminosilicate gels both coexisting in FAGPSSM. The XRD patterns showed that the amount of crystallinity present was mainly caused by NaCl, Ca(OH)2, SiO2, CaCO3 and Ca2Al(OH)6Cl phases present in FAGPSSM. The spectra of FTIR indicated that the vibrational band at 941∼957 cm-1 was attributed to the Si-O-T (T=Si or Al) asymmetric stretching mode. The microstructures of FAGPSSM showed that the grain of FAGPSSM was compact and powder present on the surface of particle. The semi-dynamic leaching test (SDLT) was conducted to evaluate the long-term stability of Pb in FAGPSSM prepared with SiO2/Al2O3 and SiO2/Na2O ratio respectively 3.0 and 0.75 and cured after 28 days. The results carried out by SDLT showed that after 60 days extraction, the compressive strength of FAGPSSM would decrease from 14.6 MPa to 0.8 MPa, but the cumulative leaching percentage of the total Pb in FAGPSSM only reached to 40%. Therefore, it inferred that the long-term stability of Pb in FAGPSSM was better than in the cementitious solidified/stabilized matrix. The microstructures of FAGPSSM showed that the grain of FAGPSSM would become porous after 60 days extraction. The spectra of FTIR indicated that as extraction time increased, the vibrational band of Si-O-T (T=Si or Al) asymmetric stretching mode would shift to higher wavenumbers. After 60 days extraction, the structure of FAGPSSM would turn from the coexistence of the amorphous CSH gels and aluminosilicate gels to the aluminosilicate gels.
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Li, Yao-Hsin, and 李耀心. "Removal of Chlorides in MSWI Bottom Ash by Hydrothermal Treatement." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/29573333497261649865.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立屏東科技大學
環境工程與科學系所
104
Hydrothermal treatment is used water or solvents in a closed state as a liquid medium at high temperature and pressure conditions of a chemical reaction, which is low pollution, simple control method of pollution and simple operating conditions, is a treatment technology with great potential. Electrolysis can induce oxidative degradation, without adding additional chemicals. Which can be carried out at atmospheric pressure at room temperature and does not produce secondary pollution. In this study, using hydrothermal treatement combined with electrolysis technology to reduce bottom ash organic matter and other harmful substances, in order to achieve sound, reduction and other purposes. The research shows (1) after the hydrothermal treatment of bottom ash, sodium, aluminum, chloride content were decreased , wherein the chloride in residue was 4.1wt%, can be reduced 0.053wt%, but as the process temperature is further increased when the chloride content began to increase, which probably because chloride ions in solution leads to increased synthesis of KCl solid chlorine content. (2) bottom slag lead leaching will increase as the process temperature increases the dissolution hydrothermal treatment program may result in incineration bottom ash Pb mobility increases. Bottom Ash and all samples were less than the limit, so the bottom slag recycling is not part of lead leaching concerns. (3) bottom ash soluble chloride via the water after the heat treatment process, the chlorine content can be reduced up to 94%. Confirmed that the hydrothermal treatment could reduce the bottom ash soluble chloride.
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Chen, Yen-Jen, and 陳彥禎. "Multi-Factor Analysis of Co-movement of MSCI Taiwan Index." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/32052343078496982319.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺灣大學
經濟學研究所
101
The main purpose of this study is to focus on the correlations of MSCI Taiwan gross return index with certain international stock indexes (i.e. Brazil, Russia, India, China, or “BRIC”, and U.S.) and pre-defined factors. The type of factors under the scope of this study can be categorized into financial market factors, real business factors, and other factors and the study methodologies adopted within this paper are Unit root test, Vector Autoregression Model, Johansen’s cointegration model, and Granger Causality Test. The findings of this study conclude that there was no correlation among the stock indexes in Taiwan, U.S., and BRIC prior to 2001, therefore investors can benefit from a diversified portfolio consisted of stock indexes of these markets. Since 2001, however, the stock markets among Taiwan, U.S., and BRIC have become more correlated and it appears that Taiwan’s stock index started to follow the stock index of China, according to the Granger Causality Test conducted in this study. With an increased degree of correlation; however, the benefit of diversification among these countries starts to diminish This study also discovers that M1B has the most significant impact among financial market factors on the movement of Taiwan’s stock index even though certain degree of correlation does exist between Taiwan’s stock index and other financial market factors such as exchange rate, interest rate, WPI, or CPI. Among the real business factors, the one with most significant impact on Taiwan’s stock index is the price of copper, and we can use industry production index as a good indicator to assess the overall economic condition. Last but not least, for the other factors, we noted the reflection of asymmetric information through observing the change in the key controlling shareholders’ ownership in a publicly traded company, and it would take more than one month for the stock market to recover from the impacts caused by irrational market reactions. In addition, the yield of U.S. 10-year T-Note is a better indicator than gold’s price when investors want to gauge the degree of fear in Taiwan’s stock market.
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Tsai, Meng Chang, and 蔡孟昌. "Influence of Sulphates on MSWI Ashes as Cement Raw Material." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/07936908614601734540.
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碩士輔英科技大學
環境工程與科學系碩士班
97
CaO2, SiO2, Al2O3 and Fe2O3 are the major compositions of raw cement, during the high temperature to calcined as the cement materials. In Taiwan, municipal solid waste incinerator (MSWI) clinker’s chemical compositions are similar to cement raw materials, and can be the resource recycled. Nevertheless, sulphates in the MSWI ashes might affect the sintering process of cement crystalline. Further investigation is needed. Various forms of sulphates were added into the cement raw mixes, XRD analysis indicates that both the cement major crystalline phases (C3S and β-C2S) formations would be enhanced with CaSO4 addition is less than 2.76%. Nevertheless, with Na2SO4 and MgSO4 addition larger than 0.5% and 0.22%, the formation of C3S and β-C2S would be hindered. To exclude the influence of sulphates in the MSWI ashes on cement sintering, MSWI ashes are washes prior to mixed and sintered. XRD relative intensity to reference (RIR) analysis on the formation of C3S and β-C2S shows that washing procedure could effectively reduce the soluble sulphate content in MSWI ashes and enhance the formation of C3S and β-C2S.
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Ho-Nien, Lai, and 賴鶴年. "Research of the Effect that MSCI Sampled Taiwan Stock Market." Thesis, 1999. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/48604725445360068142.
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Kuo, Jung-Jen, and 郭容忍. "Recycling MSWI Ash as a Raw Material for Portland Cement." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/tj93pm.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立交通大學
環境工程系所
92
In Taiwan, landfill disposal and solidification are two major strategies for MSWI ash disposal. However, MSWI ash is rich in heavy metals and salts, which may cause serious environmental problem if without proper treatment. Recently, cement industry has played an important role in the disposal of solid wastes because it can utilize various kinds of wastes as fuels or raw materials. In addition, the heavy metals can be safely captured in the cement clinker. In this study, the feasibility of incorporating MSWI fly ash and bottom ash into cement clinker was evaluated. Sintering process was attempted to simulate the cement making. The goal of this study is to find a practical way to dispose the MSWI ash. The chemical property of the incineration ash was analyzed. The MSWI ash was washed with water and acid to remove the chlorides in order to prevent the clogging and the rusting of the cement kiln. The greatest chloride removal was achieved by a 15 min water washing at L/S=10 followed by a 30 min wash with 0.1 M acetic acid at L/S=20. After the pre-treatment, various amount of the ash was added to replace the clay component of the cement raw material. The effect of its addition on sintering condition and the quality of the Portland cement were evaluated. The maximum percentage of fly ash and bottom ash could be added were 1.75﹪and 3.50﹪, respectively. The results showed that the compressive strength of the clinker with fly ash and bottom ash addition was similar to that of the blank sample. However, the setting time of the masonry was much longer. All cement products conformed to the Chinese National Standard of second degree Portland cement, with one exception that the setting time of the clinker was much longer.
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Rákociová, Silvia. "Zločin a genocida ve světle rosudku MSD." Master's thesis, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-313975.
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The crime of genocide in the light of a judgment of the ICJ This diploma thesis addresses the influence of the International Court of Justice (ICJ) decision1 on the crime of genocide. On 22nd March 1993 Bosnia and Herzegovina brought an action against the former Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (FRJ) before the ICJ. FRJ was charged with the breach of the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (Convention). After 14 years, the ICJ held decision on 26th February 2007. In the beginning, the Court had to solve procedural issue concerning the position of the Respondent in the dispute and after it positive answer, it could proceed to consider the merits of the case. The important part of the Decision is dedicated to the responsibility of a state for the genocide. Although the Convention did not explicitly anchor it, the Court deduced it by interpretation of the Article I. The prohibition on the genocide is then recognized not only under the customary law, but also in the Convention. Consequently "the Court observes that the obligations in question in this case (...) and the responsibilities of the States (...) are obligations and responsibilities under international law. They are not of a criminal nature."2 Therefore, the standard of proof is not as high as beyond reasonable doubts...