Journal articles: 'MSN'

1

Muehlbauer, Melissa, and Patricia A. Crane. "Elder Abuse and Neglect." Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services 44, no. 11 (November 1, 2006): 43–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3928/02793695-20061101-07.

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Han, Cuiyan, Haitao Huang, Yan Dong, Xiaoyu Sui, Baiyu Jian, and Wenquan Zhu. "A Comparative Study of the Use of Mesoporous Carbon and Mesoporous Silica as Drug Carriers for Oral Delivery of the Water-Insoluble Drug Carvedilol." Molecules 24, no. 9 (May 7, 2019): 1770. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24091770.

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Mesoporous carriers have been extensively applied to improve the dissolution velocity and bioavailability of insoluble drugs. The goal of this work was to compare the drug-loading efficiency (LE) and drug-dissolution properties of mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSN) and mesoporous carbon nanoparticles (MCN) as drug vectors oral delivery of water-insoluble drugs. For this purpose, MSN and MCN with similar particle size, surface area, and mesoporous diameter were prepared to precisely evaluate the effects of different textures on the drug-loading and dissolution behavior of insoluble drugs. Carvedilol (CAR), a Bio-pharmaceutic Classification System (BCS) class II drug, was loaded in the MSN and MCN by the solvent adsorption method and solvent evaporation method with different carrier–drug ratios. The carboxylated MCN (MCN–COOH) had a higher LE for CAR than MSN for both the two loading methods due to the strong adsorption effect and π–π stacking force with CAR. In vitro drug dissolution study showed that both MSN and MCN-COOH could improve the dissolution rate of CAR compared with the micronized CAR. In comparison to MSN, MCN-COOH displayed a slightly slower dissolution profile, which may be ascribed to the strong interaction between MCN-COOH and CAR. Observation of cell cytotoxicity and gastrointestinal mucosa irritation demonstrated the good biocompatibility of both MSN and MCN–COOH. The present study encourages further research of different carriers to determine their potential application in oral administration.

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Di Giampaolo, Luca, Gloria Zaccariello, Alvise Benedetti, Giulia Vecchiotti, Francesca Caposano, Enrico Sabbioni, Flavia Groppi, et al. "Genotoxicity and Immunotoxicity of Titanium Dioxide-Embedded Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles (TiO2@MSN) in Primary Peripheral Human Blood Mononuclear Cells (PBMC)." Nanomaterials 11, no. 2 (January 21, 2021): 270. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11020270.

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Background: TiO2 nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) are the nanomaterial most produced as an ultraviolet (UV) filter. However, TiO2 is a semiconductor and, in nanoparticle size, is a strong photocatalyst, raising concerns about photomutagenesis. Mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSN) were synthetized incorporating TiO2 NPs (TiO2@MSN) to develop a cosmetic UV filter. The aim of this study was to assess the toxicity of TiO2@MSN, compared with bare MSN and commercial TiO2 NPs, based on several biomarkers. Materials and Methods: Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were exposed to TiO2@MSN, bare MSN (network) or commercial TiO2 NPs for comparison. Exposed PBMC were characterized for cell viability/apoptosis, reactive oxygen species (ROS), nuclear morphology, and cytokines secretion. Results: All the nanoparticles induced apoptosis, but only TiO2 NPs (alone or assembled into MSN) led to ROS and micronuclei. However, TiO2@MSN showed lower ROS and cytotoxicity with respect to the P25. Exposure to TiO2@MSN induced Th2-skewed and pro-fibrotic responses. Conclusions: Geno-cytotoxicity data indicate that TiO2@MSN are safer than P25 and MSN. Cytokine responses induced by TiO2@MSN are imputable to both the TiO2 NPs and MSN, and, therefore, considered of low immunotoxicological relevance. This analytical assessment might provide hints for NPs modification and deep purification to reduce the risk of health effects in the settings of their large-scale manufacturing and everyday usage by consumers.

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Raghavan, Pushpa, and Fatimah Hashim. "The Seedwiki-MSN Connection." i-manager's Journal of Educational Technology 4, no. 2 (September 15, 2007): 55–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.26634/jet.4.2.615.

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Hollis, Donna. "MSN Worth $0.33/hr." Nursing Management (Springhouse) 19, no. 6 (June 1988): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006247-198806000-00003.

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LaMar, Kim. "Paul Read, RN, MSN." Nurse Leader 6, no. 4 (August 2008): 12–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mnl.2008.06.003.

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Batcheller, Joyce. "Dorothy Hogg, MSN, MPA." Nurse Leader 17, no. 4 (August 2019): 292–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mnl.2019.05.006.

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Dykes, Anne Shirah. "Anne Shirah Dykes, MSN." Clinical Nurse Specialist 18, no. 4 (2004): 218–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00002800-200407000-00013.

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Dan, S. F. A. M., J. A. Jaafar, N. M. Saleh, S. N. Timmiati, and N. H. N. Kamarudin. "Temperature Variation on Doxorubicin Adsorption by Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles and its Effect towards Release Rate." Journal of Chemical Engineering and Industrial Biotechnology 8, no. 1 (August 12, 2022): 8–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.15282/jceib.v8i1.7702.

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Mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSN) were reported to have many advantages to be used as an ideal drug carrier. In this study, MSN was prepared using the sol gel method with the addition of a pore expander namely triethoxysilyl propylamine (APTES). The prepared MSNs were characterized by using X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to study the crystallinity and topology of the MSN. Adsorption of doxorubicin (DOX) which is a type of anticancer drug onto the MSN was carried out at different temperatures ranging from 50 oC to 80 oC to obtain different drug loading capacities. The mechanism for the adsorption of DOX onto MSN has also been explained in this study. The drug release profile of DOX from MSN-DOX was then evaluated after the adsorption process to know the effect of different drug loading values on the release level and rate. Based on the findings, drug loading values obtained at adsorption temperatures of 50 oC to 80 oC were 77.58%, 80.27%, 88.86% and 84.69%, respectively. The highest adsorption percentage was obtained at 70 oC. As for the drug release study, high drug loading resulted in faster drug release. The drug loading value that released drug at the slowest rate was 77.58% at the rate of 0.038% min-1 with a percentage of release 22.82% after 24 hours.

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Carucci, Cristina, Nicola Scalas, Andrea Porcheddu, Marco Piludu, Maura Monduzzi, and Andrea Salis. "Adsorption and Release of Sulfamethizole from Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles Functionalised with Triethylenetetramine." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 14 (July 17, 2021): 7665. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22147665.

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Mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSN) were synthesised and functionalised with triethylenetetramine (MSN-TETA). The samples were fully characterised (transmission electron microscopy, small angle X-ray scattering, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, zeta potential and nitrogen adsorption/desorption isotherms) and used as carriers for the adsorption of the antimicrobial drug sulphamethizole (SMZ). SMZ loading, quantified by UV–Vis spectroscopy, was higher on MSN-TETA (345.8 mg g−1) compared with bare MSN (215.4 mg g−1) even in the presence of a lower surface area (671 vs. 942 m2 g−1). The kinetics of SMZ adsorption on MSN and MSN-TETA followed a pseudo-second-order model. The adsorption isotherm is described better by a Langmuir model rather than a Temkin or Freundlich model. Release kinetics showed a burst release of SMZ from bare MSN samples (k1 = 136 h−1) in contrast to a slower release found with MSN-TETA (k1 = 3.04 h−1), suggesting attractive intermolecular interactions slow down SMZ release from MSN-TETA. In summary, the MSN surface area did not influence SMZ adsorption and release. On the contrary, the design of an effective drug delivery system must consider the intermolecular interactions between the adsorbent and the adsorbate.

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Singh, Shivendra Pratap. "DESIGN, CHARACTERIZATION AND EVALUATION OF CURCUMIN-LOADED MESOPOROUS SILICA NANOPARTICLES BASED TOPICAL DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM FOR TREATMENT OF WRINKLES." Journal of Medical pharmaceutical and allied sciences 10, no. 3 (July 15, 2021): 2904–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/jmpas.v10i3.1168.

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The objective of research work was to development and evaluation of curcumin-loaded mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSN), based topical dosage form for the treatment of facial wrinkles. Curcumin was selected as a hydrophobic model drug since it has been reported as potent anti-oxidizing and as an anti-wrinkle agent. Hence curcumin drug was selected as anti-wrinkle agent for the treatment of wrinkles. The MSN were prepared with tetraethyl ortho silicate and cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (as surfactant). The prepared MSN were characterized by using particle size analysis, scanning electron microscope, Xrd, FTIR and porosimetry. The MSN was found to be biocompatible chemically & thermally stable nanoparticles. The curcumin extract was loaded into MSN and incorporated into cream. In-vitro release study of curcumin-loaded MSN system was compared with marketed formulation and was found the curcumin-loaded mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSN) showed good antioxidant activity and batter % cumulative drug release. The % cumulative drug release of curcumin-loaded MSN was found to be 88% at pH 5.5 and 85% at pH 7.4 respectively. Revealed that after incorporation of curcumin into MSN, the drug release rate was found increased. The properties of curcumin-loaded MSN strongly advocate its good feature for delivery of anti-wrinkles drug. The prepared curcumin-loaded MSN seem to have potential carrier for use as a topical drug delivery.

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Su, Yi-Chi, Corinne Maurel-Zaffran, Jessica E. Treisman, and Edward Y. Skolnik. "The Ste20 Kinase Misshapen Regulates Both Photoreceptor Axon Targeting and Dorsal Closure, Acting Downstream of Distinct Signals." Molecular and Cellular Biology 20, no. 13 (July 1, 2000): 4736–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.20.13.4736-4744.2000.

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ABSTRACT We have previously shown that the Ste20 kinase encoded bymisshapen (msn) functions upstream of the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) mitogen-activated protein kinase module inDrosophila. msn is required to activate theDrosophila JNK, Basket (Bsk), to promote dorsal closure of the embryo. A mammalian homolog of Msn, Nck interacting kinase, interacts with the SH3 domains of the SH2-SH3 adapter protein Nck. We now show that Msn likewise interacts with Dreadlocks (Dock), theDrosophila homolog of Nck. dock is required for the correct targeting of photoreceptor axons. We have performed a structure-function analysis of Msn in vivo in Drosophila in order to elucidate the mechanism whereby Msn regulates JNK and to determine whether msn, like dock, is required for the correct targeting of photoreceptor axons. We show that Msn requires both a functional kinase and a C-terminal regulatory domain to activate JNK in vivo in Drosophila. A mutation in a PXXP motif on Msn that prevents it from binding to the SH3 domains of Dock does not affect its ability to rescue the dorsal closure defect inmsn embryos, suggesting that Dock is not an upstream regulator of msn in dorsal closure. Larvae with only this mutated form of Msn show a marked disruption in photoreceptor axon targeting, implicating an SH3 domain protein in this process; however, an activated form of Msn is not sufficient to rescue thedock mutant phenotype. Mosaic analysis reveals thatmsn expression is required in photoreceptors in order for their axons to project correctly. The data presented here genetically link msn to two distinct biological events, dorsal closure and photoreceptor axon pathfinding, and thus provide the first evidence that Ste20 kinases of the germinal center kinase family play a role in axonal pathfinding. The ability of Msn to interact with distinct classes of adapter molecules in dorsal closure and photoreceptor axon pathfinding may provide the flexibility that allows it to link to distinct upstream signaling systems.

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Qin, Yuanyuan, Weilong Chen, Guojuan Jiang, Lei Zhou, Xiaoli Yang, Hongqi Li, Xueyan He, et al. "Interfering MSN-NONO complex–activated CREB signaling serves as a therapeutic strategy for triple-negative breast cancer." Science Advances 6, no. 8 (February 2020): eaaw9960. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aaw9960.

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Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is life-threatening because of limited therapies and lack of effective therapeutic targets. Here, we found that moesin (MSN) was significantly overexpressed in TNBC compared with other subtypes of breast cancer and was positively correlated with poor overall survival. However, little is known about the regulatory mechanisms of MSN in TNBC. We found that MSN significantly stimulated breast cancer cell proliferation and invasion in vitro and tumor growth in vivo, requiring the phosphorylation of MSN and a nucleoprotein NONO-assisted nuclear localization of phosphorylated MSN with protein kinase C (PKC) and then the phosphorylation activation of CREB signaling by PKC. Our study also demonstrated that targeting MSN, NONO, or CREB significantly inhibited breast tumor growth in vivo. These results introduce a new understanding of MSN function in breast cancer and provide favorable evidence that MSN or its downstream molecules might serve as new targets for TNBC treatment.

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Paramanantham, Parasuraman, Busi Siddhardha, Sruthil Lal SB, Alok Sharan, Abdullah A. Alyousef, Mohammed Saeed Al Dosary, Mohammed Arshad, and Asad Syed. "Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy on Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli using malachite green encapsulated mesoporous silica nanoparticles: an in vitro study." PeerJ 7 (September 12, 2019): e7454. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.7454.

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Background Rise in the number of healthcare associated or hospital acquired infections is a major problem affecting the global healthcare sector. We evaluated superior antibacterial and antibiofilm photodynamic therapy (aPDT) using malachite green encapsulated mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MG-MSN) against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, which are known to be major causative agents of nosocomial infections. Methods Malachite green (MG) was encapsulated on mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSN). Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, Transmission electron microscopy, and spectroscopic analysis were performed to characterize the MG-MSN. The antimicrobial efficacies of MSN, MG, and MG-MSN were investigated and the results were recorded. Results MG-MSN was effective against both the tested bacteria. S. aureus was more phototoxic to MG-MSN compared to E. coli. The antibiofilm efficacy of MG-MSN on E. coli and S. aureus was also studied. Biofilm inhibition was 65.68 ± 2.62% in E. coli and 79.66 ± 3.82% in S. aureus. Cell viability assay, exopolysaccharides quantification, and confocal laser scanning microscopy studies also revealed the enhanced antibiofilm activity of MG-MSN when used as a potential photosensitizer for aPDT. This study can be extended to eradicate these strains from localized superficial infections and medical appliances, preventing nosocomial infections.

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Pandele, Andreea Madalina, Corina Andronescu, Adi Ghebaur, Sorina Alexandra Garea, and Horia Iovu. "New Biocompatible Mesoporous Silica/Polysaccharide Hybrid Materials as Possible Drug Delivery Systems." Materials 12, no. 1 (December 20, 2018): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12010015.

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A high number of studies support the use of mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSN) as carriers for drug delivery systems due to its high biocompatibility both in vitro and in vivo, its large surface area, controlled pore size and, more than this, its good excretion capacity from the body. In this work we attempt to establish the optimal encapsulation parameters of benzalkonium chloride (BZC) into MSN and further study its drug release. The influence of different parameters towards the drug loading in MSN such as pH, contact time and temperature were considered. The adsorption mechanism of the drug has been determined by using the equilibrium data. The modification process was proved using several methods such as Fourier transform-infrared (FT-IR), ultraviolet-visible (UV-VIS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Since MSN shows a lower drug release amount due to the agglomeration tendency, in order to increase MSN dispersion and drug release amount from MSN, two common biocompatible and biodegradable polymers were used as polymer matrix in which the MSN-BZC can be dispersed. The drug release profile of the MSN-BZC and of the synthesized hybrid materials were studied both in simulated gastric fluid (SGF) and simulated intestinal fluid (SIF). Polymer-MSN-BZC hybrid materials exhibit a higher drug release percent than the pure MSN-BZC when a higher dispersion is achieved. The dispersion of MSN into the hybrid materials was pointed out in scanning electron microscope (SEM) images. The release mechanism was determined using four mathematic models including first-order, Higuchi, Korsmeyer–Peppas and Weibull.

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Liu, Chennan, Fangyuan Jiang, Zifeng Xing, Lihong Fan, Yuan Li, Shaoning Wang, Junhong Ling, and Xiao-Kun Ouyang. "Efficient Delivery of Curcumin by Alginate Oligosaccharide Coated Aminated Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles and In Vitro Anticancer Activity against Colon Cancer Cells." Pharmaceutics 14, no. 6 (May 30, 2022): 1166. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics14061166.

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We designed and synthesized aminated mesoporous silica (MSN-NH2), and functionally grafted alginate oligosaccharides (AOS) on its surface to get MSN-NH2-AOS nanoparticles as a delivery vehicle for the fat-soluble model drug curcumin (Cur). Dynamic light scattering, thermogravimetric analysis, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy were used to characterize the structure and performance of MSN-NH2-AOS. The nano-MSN-NH2-AOS preparation process was optimized, and the drug loading and encapsulation efficiencies of nano-MSN-NH2-AOS were investigated. The encapsulation efficiency of the MSN-NH2-Cur-AOS nanoparticles was up to 91.24 ± 1.23%. The pH-sensitive AOS coating made the total release rate of Cur only 28.9 ± 1.6% under neutral conditions and 67.5 ± 1% under acidic conditions. According to the results of in vitro anti-tumor studies conducted by MTT and cellular uptake assays, the MSN-NH2-Cur-AOS nanoparticles were more easily absorbed by colon cancer cells than free Cur, achieving a high tumor cell targeting efficiency. Moreover, when the concentration of Cur reached 50 μg/mL, MSN-NH2-Cur-AOS nanoparticles showed strong cytotoxicity against tumor cells, indicating that MSN-NH2-AOS might be a promising tool as a novel fat-soluble anticancer drug carrier.

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Wang, Keliang, Chan Jiang, Zhouyang Chen, and Shaojie Ma. "Mesoporous Silica Loaded with Molybdenum Phosphide Nanoparticles for Hydrogen Evolution." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2018 (2018): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/2940601.

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A mesoporous silica loaded with molybdenum phosphide nanoparticles (MoP@MSN) was synthesized using Pluronic F-127 as a hard template. Using the method of XRD and HRTEM, the crystallinity, the phase structure, and the morphologies of the MoP@MSN were investigated. The results showed that the MoP@MSN were composed of nanoflakes with approximately 100 nm. Through the linear sweep voltammetry (LSV), the Tafel slopes of 100 and 341 mV were yielded for MoP@MSN and pure MoP, respectively, meaning that the composite of MSN can significantly improve the conductivity of the products. Meanwhile, the mesoporous MoP@MSN presented excellent electrochemical activity and stability toward hydrogen evolution compared with those of bulk MoP nanoparticles, showing a promising prospect in hydrogen production.

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Nigro, Alessandra, Luca Frattaruolo, Mariarosa Fava, Ilaria De Napoli, Marianna Greco, Alessandra Comandè, Marzia De Santo, et al. "Bortezomib-Loaded Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles Selectively Alter Metabolism and Induce Death in Multiple Myeloma Cells." Cancers 12, no. 9 (September 21, 2020): 2709. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers12092709.

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A mesoporous silica-based nanodevice bearing the antineoplastic drug bortezomib (BTZ), whose release is triggered in acidic environment and grafted with folic acid (FOL) as a targeting function (FOL-MSN-BTZ) was tested on folate receptor overexpressing (FR+) multiple myeloma (MM) cells and on FR negative (FR−) normal cells. FOL-MSN-BTZ efficacy studies were conducted by means of growth experiments, TEM, TUNEL assay and Western Blotting analysis (WB). Metabolic investigations were performed to assess cells metabolic response to MSNs treatments. FOL-MSN-BTZ exclusively killed FR+ MM cells, leading to an apoptotic rate that was comparable to that induced by free BTZ, and the effect was accompanied by metabolic dysfunction and oxidative stress. Importantly, FOL-MSN-BTZ treated FR− normal cells did not show any significant sign of injury or metabolic perturbation, while free BTZ was still highly toxic. Notably, the vehicle alone (MSN-FOL) did not affect any biological process in both tested cell models. These data show the striking specificity of FOL-MSN-BTZ toward FR+ tumor cells and the outstanding safety of the MSN-FOL vehicle, paving the way for a future exploitation of FOL-MSN-BTZ in MM target therapy.

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Chen, Yikun, Jiajia Wang, Lei Zhang, Jianjie Zhu, Yuanyuan Zeng, and Jian-an Huang. "Moesin Is a Novel Biomarker of Endothelial Injury in Sepsis." Journal of Immunology Research 2021 (February 13, 2021): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6695679.

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Objective. Increased vascular permeability and inflammation are principal hallmark of sepsis. Moesin (MSN) is a membrane-associated cytoskeleton protein and crucial for the vascular endothelial function. This study is aimed at evaluating the role of MSN in endothelial injury during the process of sepsis. Methods. Serum MSN in septic patients was measured by ELISA. BALB/c mice were injected with different doses of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or underwent cecal ligation and single or double puncture (CLP) to mimic sublethal and lethal sepsis. After treatment, their serum MSN and PCT levels, wet to dry lung weights (W/D ratio), bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) protein concentrations, and lung injury scores were measured. The impact of MSN silencing on LPS-altered Rock1/myosin light chain (MLC), NF-κB, and inflammatory factors in human microvascular endothelial cells (HMECs), as well as monolayer HMEC permeability, was tested in vitro. Results. Compared with healthy controls, serum MSN increased in septic patients and was positively correlated with SOFA scores and serum PCT levels in septic patients. LPS injection significantly increased serum the MSN and PCT expression, BALF protein levels, and W/D ratio, and the serum MSN levels were positively correlated with serum PCT, lung W/D ratio, and lung injury scores in mice. Similar results were obtained in the way of CLP modelling. LPS enhanced MSN, MLC, NF-κB phosphorylation, increased Rock1 expression, and inflammatory factors release in the cultured HMECs, while MSN silencing significantly mitigated the LPS-induced Rock1 and inflammatory factor expression, NF-κB, and MLC phosphorylation as well as the monolayer hyperpermeability in HMECs. Conclusions. Increased serum MSN contributes to the sepsis-related endothelium damages by activating the Rock1/MLC and NF-κB signaling and may be a potential biomarker for evaluating the severity of sepsis.

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McCaffery, Peter, James Evans, Omanand Koul, Amy Volpert, Kevin Reid, and M. David Ullman. "Retinoid quantification by HPLC/MSn." Journal of Lipid Research 43, no. 7 (July 2002): 1143–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1194/jlr.d200012-jlr200.

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Anderson, Rhonda. "Pam Thompson, MSN, RN, FAAN." Nurse Leader 1, no. 2 (April 2003): 28–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1067/nrsl.2003.20.

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Bradley, Carol. "Marilyn A. Bowcutt, RN, MSN." Nurse Leader 5, no. 5 (October 2007): 12–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mnl.2007.07.004.

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O'Rourke, Maria W. "Elizabeth Nelkin McCormick, MSN, RN." Nurse Leader 7, no. 5 (October 2009): 10–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mnl.2009.07.007.

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Hess, Robert. "Melissa Fitzpatrick, RN, MSN, FAAN." Nurse Leader 10, no. 1 (February 2012): 14–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mnl.2011.11.004.

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Sherman, Rose O. "Carol Bradley, MSN, RN, CENP." Nurse Leader 12, no. 2 (April 2014): 15–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mnl.2013.11.007.

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Gingerich, Barbara Stover. "Introducing Annette Zampelli, MSN, CRNP." Home Health Care Management & Practice 19, no. 6 (October 2007): 488–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1084822307304828.

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Guo, Pengfei, and Xiuyun Guo. "On minimal non-MSN-groups." Frontiers of Mathematics in China 6, no. 5 (September 5, 2011): 847–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11464-011-0115-z.

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Anderson, Rhonda. "Pam Thompson, MSN, RN, FAAN." Nurse Leader 1, no. 2 (March 2003): 28–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1541-4612(03)70048-2.

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Saini, Kusum, R. S. Prabhuraj, and Rajdip Bandyopadhyaya. "Development of Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles of Tunable Pore Diameter for Superior Gemcitabine Drug Delivery in Pancreatic Cancer Cells." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 20, no. 5 (May 1, 2020): 3084–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2020.17381.

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Superior delivery of anticancer drug gemcitabine has been achieved with mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSN), by addressing three challenges in MSN synthesis: (i) MSN was synthesized with particle diameter between 42 to 64 nm, to utilize enhanced permeability and retention effect of small particles, (ii) MSN of larger internal pore diameter (2.5–5.2 nm) was made as a tunable morphological parameter to optimize both drug loading and its release rate, in a controlled, differential manner and (iii) higher drug release at extracellular cancer-cell pH (5.5) was achieved, compared to physiological pH (7.4) of healthy cells. MSN with above features was made by the sol–gel route, with trimethylmethoxysilane as a size-quencher and hexane or decane as a pore expander. Highest gemcitabine loading of 14.92% and a cumulative release of 58% at pH 5.5 could be obtained with the optimum sample having pore diameter of 5.2 nm, in comparison to the desirably low 22% release at pH 7.4. Consequently, we obtained 60% cell growth-inhibition of pancreatic cancer cell-line (MIA Paca-2), via gemcitabine loaded MSN. This was possible because of increased gemcitabine release from MSN with larger pore diameter of 5.2 nm, simultaneously demonstrating good target-selectivity of MSN as a drug-carrier, due to engineering of its pore-size.

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He, Shu, Kai-Feng Lin, Jun-Jun Fan, Gang Hu, Xin Dong, Yi-Nan Zhao, Yue Song, Zhong-Shang Guo, Long Bi, and Jian Liu. "Synergistic Effect of Mesoporous Silica and Hydroxyapatite in Loaded Poly(DL-lactic-co-glycolic acid) Microspheres on the Regeneration of Bone Defects." BioMed Research International 2016 (2016): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/9824827.

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A microsphere composite made of poly(DL-lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA), mesoporous silica nanoparticle (MSN), and nanohydroxyapatite (nHA) (PLGA-MSN/nHA) was prepared and evaluated as bone tissue engineering materials. The objective of this study was to investigate the synergistic effect of MSN/nHA on biocompatibility as well as its potential ability for bone formation. First, we found that this PLGA-MSN/nHA composite performed good characteristics on microstructure, mechanical strength, and wettability. By cell culture experiments, the adhesion and proliferation rate of the cells seeded on PLGA-MSN/nHA composite was higher than those of the controls and high levels of osteogenetic factors such as ALP and Runx-2 were detected by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. Finally, this PLGA-MSN/nHA composite was implanted into the femur bone defect in a rabbit model, and its ability to induce bone regeneration was observed by histological examinations. Twelve weeks after implantation, the bone defects had significantly more formation of mature bone and less residual materials than in the controls. These results demonstrate that this PLGA-MSN/nHA composite, introducing both MSN and nHA into PLGA microspheres, can improve the biocompatibility and osteoinductivity of compositein vitroandin vivoand had potential application in bone regeneration.

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Ramanauskas, Ruslanas, Aleksandras Iljinas, Liutauras Marcinauskas, Mindaugas Milieška, Žydrūnas Kavaliauskas, Giedrius Gecevičius, and Vytautas Čapas. "Deposition and Application of Indium-Tin-Oxide Films for Defrosting Windscreens." Coatings 12, no. 5 (May 13, 2022): 670. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings12050670.

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The plasma-activated reactive evaporation technique was used for the formation of indium-tin-oxide (ITO) films. The ITO films were deposited on a heated (up to 350 °C) glass substrates using various mass ratios of indium and tin. The optical and electrical properties of the deposited ITO films were determined. The influence of the indium-to-tin mass ratio on the optical transmittance, bandgap, resistivity and resistance of ITO films was investigated. The bandgap of ITO films was increased from 3.18 to 3.37 eV, and the MIn/MSn ratio increased from 4.25 to 10.00. The average values of optical transmittance at the visible light wavelengths increased from ~43% to ~64% as tin mass was reduced. We demonstrated that ITO films with low resistivity ranging from 7.4 × 10−3 to 43.7 × 10−3 Ω·cm were obtained, and the MIn/MSn ratio changed from 4.25 to 10.00. The ITO film formed at the 9.25 MIn/MSn ratio demonstrated high transparency, a wide bandgap and optimal resistivity and resistance values. The heating characteristics indicated that the frozen ice on the ITO films was completely removed after 30 s when the applied voltage was 24 V.

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Wei, Wei, Shengyuan Ding, and Fu-Ming Zhou. "Dopaminergic treatment weakens medium spiny neuron collateral inhibition in the parkinsonian striatum." Journal of Neurophysiology 117, no. 3 (March 1, 2017): 987–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00683.2016.

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The striatal medium spiny neurons (MSNs) are critical to both motor and cognitive functions. A potential regulator of MSN activity is the GABAergic collateral axonal input from neighboring MSNs. These collateral axon terminals are further under the regulation of presynaptic dopamine (DA) receptors that may become dysfunctional when the intense striatal DA innervation is lost in Parkinson's disease (PD). We show that DA D1 receptor-expressing MSNs (D1-MSNs) and D2 receptor-expressing MSNs (D2-MSNs) each formed high-rate, one-way collateral connections with a homotypic preference in both normal and DA-denervated mouse striatum. Furthermore, whereas the homotypic preference, one-way directionality and the basal inhibitory strength were preserved, DA inhibited GABA release at the D2-MSN→D2-MSN collateral synapse in a supersensitive manner in the DA-denervated striatum. In contrast, for D1-MSN-originated collateral connections, whereas D1 agonism facilitated D1-MSN→D1-MSN collateral inhibition in the normal striatum, this presynaptic D1R facilitation of GABA release was lost in the parkinsonian striatum. These results indicate that in the parkinsonian striatum, dopaminergic treatment can presynaptically weaken the D2-MSN→D2-MSN collateral inhibition and disinhibit the surrounding D2-MSNs, whereas the D1-MSN→D1-MSN collateral inhibition is weakened by the loss of the presynaptic D1 receptor facilitation, disinhibiting the surrounding D1-MSNs. Together, these newly discovered effects can disrupt the MSN circuits in the parkinsonian striatum and may contribute to dopaminergic treatment-induced aberrant motor and nonmotor behaviors in PD. NEW & NOTEWORTHY With the use of a large database, this study establishes that neighboring homotypic striatal spiny projection neurons have a 50% chance to form one-way collateral inhibitory connection, a substantially higher rate than previous estimates. This study also shows that dopamine denervation may alter presynaptic dopamine receptor function such that dopaminergic treatment of Parkinson's disease can weaken the surround inhibition and may reduce the contrast of the striatal outputs, potentially contributing to dopamine's profound motor and nonmotor behavioral effects.

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Yi, Min, Yu Nie, Chengyun Zhang, and Bin Shen. "Application of Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticle-Chitosan-Loaded BMP-2 in the Repair of Bone Defect in Chronic Osteomyelitis." Journal of Immunology Research 2022 (July 31, 2022): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/4450196.

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In order to test the effectiveness of nanoparticle- (NP-) loaded bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2) in chronic osteomyelitis (CO) complicated with bone defect, a new nanodrug delivery system composed of mesoporous silica NP (MSN) and chitosan were used to load BMP-2 and transfer it to the target region. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) were purchased and cultivated to detect the osteogenesis of chitosan-MSN (Chi-MSN) and polylactic acid glycolic acid (PLGA) delivery system. In addition, the osteogenesis of Chi-MSN was further determined by constructing a bone defect mouse model. In physicochemical property test, we found Chi-MSN NPs could effectively maintain stability in vivo and had pH response characteristics. As a result, the release efficiency of dexamethasone (Dex) and BMP-2 in the environment with pH 7.4 was less, while it increased significantly in pH 6, so as to reduce the BMP-2 and Dex loss during transportation in vivo. Otherwise, we found that the permeation efficiency of Chi-MSN was significantly higher than that of PLGA delivery system, so as to effectively transport BMP-2 and Dex to action target. In the BMSC test, we found that Chi-MSN could better promote their activity and osteogenesis, and the expression of osteogenesis-related genes (runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX-2), osteopontine (OPN), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and osteopontine (OCN)) in the Chi-MSN group was higher. In the bone defect mouse model test, we also found obviously increased bone trabecula number and thickness by Chi-MSN, contributing to better repair of bone defects. Therefore, BMP-2@Chi-MSN may be a better choice for the therapy of CO complicated with bone defect in the future.

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Nie, Shaobo, Ming Li, Hui Ji, Zhirui Li, Wenwen Li, Hao Zhang, Zhang Licheng, and Peifu Tang. "Biomechanical comparison of medial sustainable nail and proximal femoral nail antirotation in the treatment of an unstable intertrochanteric fracture." Bone & Joint Research 9, no. 12 (December 1, 2020): 840–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1302/2046-3758.912.bjr-2020-0284.r1.

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Aims Restoration of proximal medial femoral support is the keystone in the treatment of intertrochanteric fractures. None of the available implants are effective in constructing the medial femoral support. Medial sustainable nail (MSN-II) is a novel cephalomedullary nail designed for this. In this study, biomechanical difference between MSN-II and proximal femoral nail anti-rotation (PFNA-II) was compared to determine whether or not MSN-II can effectively reconstruct the medial femoral support. Methods A total of 36 synthetic femur models with simulated intertrochanteric fractures without medial support (AO/OTA 31-A2.3) were assigned to two groups with 18 specimens each for stabilization with MSN-II or PFNA-II. Each group was further divided into three subgroups of six specimens according to different experimental conditions respectively as follows: axial loading test; static torsional test; and cyclic loading test. Results The mean axial stiffness, vertical displacement, and maximum failure load of MSN-II were 258.47 N/mm (SD 42.27), 2.99 mm (SD 0.56), and 4,886 N (SD 525.31), respectively, while those of PFNA-II were 170.28 N/mm (SD 64.63), 4.86 mm (SD 1.66), and 3,870.87 N (SD 552.21), respectively. The mean torsional stiffness and failure torque of MSN-II were 1.72 N m/° (SD 0.61) and 16.54 N m (SD 7.06), respectively, while those of PFNA-II were 0.61 N m/° (SD 0.39) and 6.6 N m (SD 6.65), respectively. The displacement of MSN-II in each cycle point was less than that of PFNA-II in cyclic loading test. Significantly higher stiffness and less displacement were detected in the MSN-II group (p < 0.05). Conclusion The biomechanical performance of MSN-II was better than that of PFNA-II, suggesting that MSN-II may provide more effective mechanical support in the treatment of unstable intertrochanteric fractures. Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2020;9(12):840–847.

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Li, Shuming, Tong Shen, Yongshan Liang, Ying Zhang, and Bo Bai. "Miniscalpel-Needle versus Steroid Injection for Plantar Fasciitis: A Randomized Controlled Trial with a 12-Month Follow-Up." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2014 (2014): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/164714.

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Plantar fasciitis is the most common cause of heel pain in adults. A novel alternative medical instrument, the miniscalpel-needle (MSN), which is based on an acupuncture needle, has been recently developed in China. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the MSN release treatment versus that of traditional steroid injection for plantar fasciitis. Patients with plantar fasciitis were randomly assigned to 2 groups and followed up for 12 months, with 29 receiving MSN treatment and 25 receiving steroid injection treatment. The results showed that visual analog scale scores for morning pain, active pain, and overall heel pain all were decreased significantly in the MSN group from 1 to 12 months after treatment. In contrast, treatment with steroid injection showed a significant effect only at the 1-month follow-up but not at 6 or 12 months after treatment. Moreover, the MSN group achieved more rapid and sustained improvements than the steroid group throughout the duration of this study. No severe side effects were observed with MSN treatment. Our data suggest that the MSN release treatment is safe and has a significant benefit for plantar fasciitis compared to steroid injection.

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36

Sequeira, M. "Double MSn-algebras and double Kn.m-algebras." Glasgow Mathematical Journal 35, no. 2 (May 1993): 189–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0017089500009745.

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AbstractThe variety O2 of all algebras (L; ∧, ∨, f, g, 0, 1) of type (2, 2, 1, 1, 0, 0) such that (L; ∧, ∨, f, 0, 1) and (L; ∧, ∨, g, 0, 1) are Ockham algebras is introduced, and, for n, m εℕ, its subvarieties DMSn, of double MSn-algebras, and DKn,m, of double Kn,m-algebras, are considered. It is shown that DKn,m has equationally definable principal congruences: a description of principal congruences on double Kn,m-algebras is given and simplified for double MSn-algebras. A topological duality for O2-algebras is developed and used to determine the subdirectly irreducible algebras in DKn,m and in DMSn. Finally, MSn-algebras which are reduct of a (unique) double MSn-algebra are characterized.

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Wang, Wanlin, and Pengfei Guo. "Finite groups whose maximal subgroups of even order are MSN-groups." Open Mathematics 20, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 1800–1807. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/math-2022-0547.

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Abstract A finite group G G is called an MSN-group if all maximal subgroups of the Sylow subgroups of G G are subnormal in G G . In this article, we investigate the structure of finite groups G G such that G G is a non-MSN-group of even order in which every maximal subgroup of even order is an MSN-group. In addition, we determine the minimal simple groups all of whose second maximal subgroups are MSN-groups.

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Shi, Cheng, Fei Yuan, Zhilong Li, Zhenhua Zheng, Changliang Yuan, Ziyang Huang, Jianping Liu, et al. "MSN@IL-4 Sustainingly Mediates Macrophagocyte M2 Polarization and Relieves Osteoblast Damage via NF-κB Pathway-Associated Apoptosis." BioMed Research International 2022 (October 3, 2022): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/2898729.

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Background. The microenvironment of bone defects displayed that M2 polarization of macrophagocyte could promote the osteoblast growth and benefit the wound healing. Bone scaffold transplantation is considered to be one of the most promising methods for repairing bone defects. The present research was aimed at constructing a kind of novel bone scaffold nanomaterial of MSN@IL-4 for treating bone defects responding to the wound microenvironment of bone defects and elucidating the mechanics of MSN@IL-4 treating bone defect via controlling release of IL-4, inducing M2 polarization and active factor release of macrophagocyte, and eventually relieving osteoblast injury. Methods. MSN@IL-4 was firstly fabricated and its release of IL-4 was assessed in vitro. Following, the effects of MSN@IL-4 nanocomplex on the release of active factors of macrophage were examined using Elisa assay and promoting M2 polarization of the macrophage by immunofluorescence staining. And then, the effects of active factors from macrophage supernatant induced by MSN@IL-4 on osteoblast growth were examined by CCK-8, flow cytometry, and western blot assay. Results. The release curve of IL-4 in vitro displayed that there was more than 80% release ratio for 30th day with a sustained manner in pH 5.5. Elisa assay data showed that MSN@IL-4 nanocomplex could constantly promote the release of proproliferative cytokine IL-10, SDF-1α, and BMP-2 in macrophagocyte compared to only IL-4 treatment, and immunofluorescent image showed that MSN@IL-4 could promote M2 polarization of macrophagocytes via inducing CD206 expression and suppressing CD86 expression. Osteoblast injury data showed that the supernatant from macrophagocyte treated by MSN@IL-4 could promote the osteoblast proliferation by MTT assay. Flow cytometry data showed that the supernatant from macrophagocyte treated by MSN@IL-4 could suppress the osteoblast apoptosis from 22.1% to 14.6%, and apoptosis-related protein expression data showed that the supernatant from macrophagocyte treated by MSN@IL-4 could suppress the expression of Bax, cleaved caspase 3, and cleaved caspase 8. Furthermore, the immunofluorescent image showed that the supernatant from macrophagocyte treated by MSN@IL-4 could inhibit nucleus location of p65, and western blot data showed that the supernatant from macrophagocyte treated by MSN@IL-4 could suppress the phosphorylation of IKK and induce the expression of IκB. Conclusion. MSN@IL-4 could control the sustaining release of IL-4, and it exerts the protective effect on osteoblast injury via inducing M2 polarization and proproliferative cytokine of macrophagocyte and following inhibiting the apoptosis and NF-κB pathway-associated inflammation of osteoblast.

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Ovejero Paredes, Karina, Diana Díaz-García, Victoria García-Almodóvar, Laura Lozano Chamizo, Marzia Marciello, Miguel Díaz-Sánchez, Sanjiv Prashar, Santiago Gómez-Ruiz, and Marco Filice. "Multifunctional Silica-Based Nanoparticles with Controlled Release of Organotin Metallodrug for Targeted Theranosis of Breast Cancer." Cancers 12, no. 1 (January 12, 2020): 187. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers12010187.

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Three different multifunctional nanosystems based on the tethering onto mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSN) of different fragments such as an organotin-based cytotoxic compound Ph3Sn{SCH2CH2CH2Si(OMe)3} (MSN-AP-Sn), a folate fragment (MSN-AP-FA-Sn), and an enzyme-responsive peptide able to release the metallodrug only inside cancer cells (MSN-AP-FA-PEP-S-Sn), have been synthesized and fully characterized by applying physico-chemical techniques. After that, an in vitro deep determination of the therapeutic potential of the achieved multifunctional nanovectors was carried out. The results showed a high cytotoxic potential of the MSN-AP-FA-PEP-S-Sn material against triple negative breast cancer cell line (MDA-MB-231). Moreover, a dose-dependent metallodrug-related inhibitory effect on the migration mechanism of MDA-MB-231 tumor cells was shown. Subsequently, the organotin-functionalized nanosystems have been further modified with the NIR imaging agent Alexa Fluor 647 to give three different theranostic silica-based nanoplatforms, namely, MSN-AP-Sn-AX (AX-1), MSN-AP-FA-Sn-AX (AX-2), and MSN-AP-FA-PEP-S-Sn-AX (AX-3). Their in vivo potential as theranostic markers was further evaluated in a xenograft mouse model of human breast adenocarcinoma. Owing to the combination of the receptor-mediated site targeting and the specific fine-tuned release mechanism of the organotin metallodrug, the nanotheranostic drug MSN-AP-FA-PEP-S-Sn-AX (AX-3) has shown targeted diagnostic ability in combination with enhanced therapeutic activity by promoting the inhibition of tumor growth with reduced hepatic and renal toxicity upon the repeated administration of the multifunctional nanodrug.

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Suhanda, Juhana, Misran Misran, Rabiatul Adawyah, and Candra Candra. "EFEKTIVITAS ALAT PENGERING MODEL MSN TYPE RAK PADA KUALITAS IKAN NILA (OREOCHROMIS NILOTICUS) KERING." Fish Scientiae 10, no. 1 (June 24, 2020): 11–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.20527/fishscientiae.v10i1.151.

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Efektivitas alat pengering model type msn pada kualitas ikan nila (oreochromis niloticus) kering. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas alat pengering ikan model msn type rak terhadap kualitas ikan nila (oreochromis niloticus) kering, dan kegunaan dari penelitian ini untuk memberikan informasi mengenai efektivitas alat pengering ikan model msn type rak terhadap kualitas ikan nila (oreochromis niloticus) kering. Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) dengan 3 perlakuan dan 3 kali pengulangan, dengan media alat pengering ikan yang berbeda yaitu pengeringan ikan dengan alat para-para sebagai media control, pengeringan ikan dengan alat model msn type rak dan pengeringan ikan dengan alat pondok plastik. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa pengeringan ikan dengan media alat model msn type rak lebih efektiv dibandingkan alat pengering lainnya. Hasil nilai suhu yang didapatkan lebih tinggi bisa mencapai 510C dibandingkan alat pengering yang lain. Hasil uji analisa kadar air menunjukan nilai rerata lebih tinggi terdapat pada alat pengering ikan model msn type rak yaitu 33,43%, dibandingkan alat pengering ikan dengan para-para dan pondok plastik yang hanya menghasilkan nilai 29,49% pada pondok plastik dan para-para 28,93% yang dimana pada alat pengering ikan model msn type rak masih memiliki kelemahan tidak adanya tempat sirkulasi udara pada alat tersebut. Hasil uji organoleptik/uji deskriftif menunjukan panelis lebih menyukai produk ikan nila kering dengan menggunakan pengeringan ikan alat model msn type rak dengan nilai kenampakan, aroma/bau, rasa dan tekstur lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan alat pengering ikan lainnya.

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41

Argentati, Chiara, Francesco Morena, Chiara Fontana, Ilaria Tortorella, Carla Emiliani, Loredana Latterini, Giulia Zampini, and Sabata Martino. "Functionalized Silica Star-Shaped Nanoparticles and Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells: An In Vitro Model." Nanomaterials 11, no. 3 (March 18, 2021): 779. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11030779.

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The biomedical translational applications of functionalized nanoparticles require comprehensive studies on their effect on human stem cells. Here, we have tested neat star-shaped mesoporous silica nanoparticles (s-MSN) and their chemically functionalized derivates; we examined nanoparticles (NPs) with similar dimensions but different surface chemistry, due to the amino groups grafted on silica nanoparticles (s-MSN-NH2), and gold nanoseeds chemically adsorbed on silica nanoparticles (s-MSN-Au). The different samples were dropped on glass coverslips to obtain a homogeneous deposition differing only for NPs’ chemical functionalization and suitable for long-term culture of human Bone Marrow–Mesenchymal stem cells (hBM-MSCs) and Adipose stem cells (hASCs). Our model allowed us to demonstrate that hBM-MSCs and hASCs have comparable growth curves, viability, and canonical Vinculin Focal adhesion spots on functionalized s-MSN-NH2 and s-MSN-Au as on neat s-MSN and control systems, but also to show morphological changes on all NP types compared to the control counterparts. The new shape was stem-cell-specific and was maintained on all types of NPs. Compared to the other NPs, s-MSN-Au exerted a small genotoxic effect on both stem cell types, which, however, did not affect the stem cell behavior, likely due to a peculiar stem cell metabolic restoration response.

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Barui, Sugata, and Valentina Cauda. "Multimodal Decorations of Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles for Improved Cancer Therapy." Pharmaceutics 12, no. 6 (June 8, 2020): 527. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics12060527.

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The presence of leaky vasculature and the lack of lymphatic drainage of small structures by the solid tumors formulate nanoparticles as promising delivery vehicles in cancer therapy. In particular, among various nanoparticles, the mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSN) exhibit numerous outstanding features, including mechanical thermal and chemical stability, huge surface area and ordered porous interior to store different anti-cancer therapeutics with high loading capacity and tunable release mechanisms. Furthermore, one can easily decorate the surface of MSN by attaching ligands for active targeting specifically to the cancer region exploiting overexpressed receptors. The controlled release of drugs to the disease site without any leakage to healthy tissues can be achieved by employing environment responsive gatekeepers for the end-capping of MSN. To achieve precise cancer chemotherapy, the most desired delivery system should possess high loading efficiency, site-specificity and capacity of controlled release. In this review we will focus on multimodal decorations of MSN, which is the most demanding ongoing approach related to MSN application in cancer therapy. Herein, we will report about the recently tried efforts for multimodal modifications of MSN, exploiting both the active targeting and stimuli responsive behavior simultaneously, along with individual targeted delivery and stimuli responsive cancer therapy using MSN.

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43

Wang, Wei, Xixi Wang, Luyang Li, and Ying Liu. "Anti-Inflammatory and Repairing Effects of Mesoporous Silica-Loaded Metronidazole Composite Hydrogel on Human Dental Pulp Cells." Journal of Healthcare Engineering 2022 (March 23, 2022): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/6774075.

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In order to test an effective biopolymer scaffold in promoting the growth of human dental pulp stem cells (HDPSCs), mesoporous silica @ hydrogel (MSN@Gel) nanocomposites are invented as a new type of biopolymer scaffold for HDPSCs proliferation in this paper. The expression levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), dentin matrix protein 1 (DMP1), and dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP) are significantly increased in the MSN@Gel group so as to better repair damaged dentin. In order to inhibit the proliferation of bacteria in the dental pulp, metronidazole (MTR) is loaded into MSN. The study found that MSN could effectively prolong the half-life of MTR by 1.75 times, and the viability of HDPSCs could be better maintained in the MSN-MTR@Gel group so as to better promote its proliferation to repair pulpitis. However, with the increase of the MTR concentration, its proliferation effect on HDPSCs decreased gradually, and the proliferation effect is the best in 10 μmol/L. Therefore, the MSN-MTR@Gel scaffold is expected to become an effective method for pulpitis therapy in the future.

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44

Nyberg, Marcus, and Didier Chincholle. "Mobile MSN Messenger: Still a Complement?" International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (iJIM) 2, no. 4 (September 30, 2008): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3991/ijim.v2i4.670.

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In order to understand how mobile instant messaging services can fit into the usersâ?? current communication behavior, Ericsson Research performed a qualitative user study in Sweden in May 2007. The results showed that the respondents were positive towards (free of charge) mobile MSN Messenger and perceived it as an ex¬tension of the computer-based version that could be used anywhere. However, although MSN Messenger on the com¬puter definitely was considered as a â??must-haveâ?? application, the mobile version was only perceived as a â??nice-to-haveâ?? application and a complement to text mes¬saging (SMS). Almost one year later, in April 2008, Ericsson Research performed a short qualita¬tive follow-up study with the same set of respondents to un¬derstand if and how the mobile MSN Messenger usage had changed. The results actually revealed that none of the re¬spondents used mobile MSN Messenger anymore as the application no longer was free of charge. On a general level, the study highlights important considera¬tions when intro¬ducing computer-based concepts and Internet services in a mo¬bile environment.

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45

Anderson, Mark S. "Room-Temperature Synthesis of Titanium Nitride Using Metastable Nitrogen." Coatings 12, no. 8 (August 14, 2022): 1177. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings12081177.

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The room-temperature synthesis of titanium nitride (TiN) is presented using the reaction of metastable nitrogen (MSN) with a titanium metal surface. The MSN is generated in a nitrogen glow discharge with plasma-ion filtering using a commercial direct analysis in real time (DART) source. The MSN is flowed over a titanium substrate at ambient pressure producing TiN surfaces that are ultra-clean and suitable for plasmonic applications. This is demonstrated using surface-enhanced infrared absorption spectroscopy (SEIRA), producing a 100-fold signal enhancement. Nitriding using MSN could find general applications in producing nitrided surfaces with small-scale structures.

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Lestari, W. A., S. Wahyuningsih, S. Gomez-Ruiz, and F. R. Wibowo. "Drug loading ability and release study of various size small mesoporous silica nanoparticle as drug carrier." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2190, no. 1 (March 1, 2022): 012032. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2190/1/012032.

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Abstract Mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSN) have been widely developed as drug carriers for various drug models in various particle sizes. The morphology of MSN becomes one of the factors which influence drug loading ability. In this study, we investigated the correlation between particle size and surface charge toward the loading ability of MSN. We used various morphology of MSN included its zeta potential value and quercetin as a drug model. The result showed that both particle size and zeta potential value have a correlation toward loading ability. The smaller particle size has a higher loading ability. Meanwhile, the more negative surface charge has a higher loading ability. Additionally, we studied the drug release profile of MSN with different particle sizes. It showed that particle size and zeta potential value play important role in the drug release process to produce a typically-release profile.

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Gu, Yifan, and Zhewei Fei. "Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles Loaded with Resveratrol Are Used for Targeted Breast Cancer Therapy." Journal of Oncology 2022 (September 19, 2022): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/8471331.

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Objective. The characteristics of poor pharmacokinetics, stability, and low solubility seriously limited the clinical application of resveratrol (Res) in breast cancer. Thus, this study intends to develop a delivery system for Res which could be better used in breast cancer therapy. Methods. Resveratrol-modified mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSN-Res) were chemically constructed. Their shape and encapsulation were detected by transmission electron microscope, Fourier transforms infrared spectrometer, and UV spectroscopy, respectively. MGF-7 tumor-bearing mice were established by subcutaneous injection, and the pathological changes were detected by hematoxylin-eosin staining. CCK-8 and Ki-67 immunohistochemical staining were used for proliferation evaluation in vitro and in vivo. Flow cytometry, TUNEL, wound healing, and transwell assay detected cell apoptosis, invasion, and migration. Results. MSN-Res was successfully prepared with high biosafety. MSN-Res inhibited MGF-7 cell proliferation, invasion, and migration and promoted apoptosis in vitro. Furthermore, MSN-Res showed better performance compared Res in breast cancer mouse models. In addition, we found that MSN-Res inhibited tumor growth via inhibiting the NF-κB signaling pathway. Conclusion. MSN-Res inhibited breast cancer progression with better efficacy compared with Res treatment alone by inhibiting the NF-κB signaling pathway, suggesting that MSN-Res is a more effective adjuvant treatment method for breast cancer. Thus, our findings may provide a new and safer means of using phytochemicals in combinatorial therapy of breast cancer.

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48

Setnik, Beatrice, Veeraindar Goli, Naama Levy-Cooperman, Catherine Mills, Megan Shram, and Ira Smith. "Assessing the Subjective and Physiological Effects of Intranasally Administered Crushed Extended-Release Morphine Formulations with and without a Sequestered Naltrexone Core in Recreational Opioid Users." Pain Research and Management 18, no. 4 (2013): e55-e62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/952082.

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OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the pharmacodynamic (PD) effects of morphine sulfate and naltrexone hydrochloride extended-release (MSN) capsules compared with controlled-release morphine sulfate (MS) and placebo when crushed and administered intranasally.METHODS: The present study was a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, single-dose (30 mg), three-way crossover study in healthy, nondependent recreational opioid users. PD measures included assessment of subjective drug effects using visual analogue scales (VAS) ranging from 0 to 100 and assessments of pupil diameter. Blood samples were collected for pharmacokinetic analyses.RESULTS: Both MS and MSN showed significantly higher PD values compared with placebo. MSN showed significantly lower scores for drug liking and high VAS scores on both mean peak effect (Emax) (69.6 and 55.2, respectively) and in area under the effect curve over 2 h (86.3 and 66.7, respectively) following dosing compared with MS (Emax87.6 and 86.6, respectively; area under the curve over 2 h 120.6 and 132.9, respectively; P<0.001). MSN showed significantly lower Emaxfor all other positive subjective effects (good drug effects, overall drug liking, and take drug again VAS scores) compared with MS (P<0.001). Peak minimum pupil diameter was significantly larger for MSN than MS (P=0.002). Mean peak plasma concentration (Cmax) and median time to Cmaxfor morphine following administration of MSN and MS were similar (27.3 ng/mL and 0.57 h versus 27.7 ng/mL and 0.6 h, respectively). Naltrexone mean Cmaxwas 1497 pg/mL after MSN and median time to Cmaxwas 0.55 h.CONCLUSIONS: When crushed and administered intranasally, MSN was associated with significantly lower ratings of drug liking and other positive subjective effects compared with MS.

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Cao, Jinyan, David M. Dorris, and John Meitzen. "Electrophysiological properties of medium spiny neurons in the nucleus accumbens core of prepubertal male and female Drd1a-tdTomato line 6 BAC transgenic mice." Journal of Neurophysiology 120, no. 4 (October 1, 2018): 1712–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00257.2018.

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The nucleus accumbens core (AcbC) is a striatal brain region essential for integrating motivated behavior and reward processing with premotor function. In humans and rodents, research has identified sex differences and sex steroid hormone sensitivity in AcbC-mediated behaviors, in disorders, and in rats in the electrophysiological properties of the AcbC output neuron type, the medium spiny neuron (MSN). It is unknown whether the sex differences detected in MSN electrophysiological properties extend to mice. Furthermore, MSNs come in distinct subtypes with subtle differences in electrophysiological properties, and it is unknown whether MSN subtype-specific electrophysiology varies by sex. To address these questions, we used male and female Drd1a-tdTomato line 6 bacterial artificial chromosome transgenic mice. We made acute brain slices of the AcbC, and performed whole cell patch-clamp recordings across MSN subtypes to comprehensively assess AcbC MSN subtype electrophysiological properties. We found that ( 1 mice MSNs did not exhibit the sex differences detected in rat MSNs, and 2) electrophysiological properties differed between MSN subtypes in both sexes, including rheobase, resting membrane potential, action potential properties, intrinsic excitability, input resistance in both the linear and rectified ranges, and miniature excitatory postsynaptic current properties. These findings significantly extend previous studies of MSN subtypes performed in males or animals of undetermined sex and indicate that the influence of sex upon AcbC MSN properties varies between rodent species. NEW & NOTEWORTHY This research provides the most comprehensive assessment of medium spiny neuron subtype electrophysiological properties to date in a critical brain region, the nucleus accumbens core. It additionally represents the first evaluation of whether mouse medium spiny neuron subtype electrophysiological properties differ by sex.

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Peretti, Enrico, Ivana Miletto, Barbara Stella, Flavio Rocco, Gloria Berlier, and Silvia Arpicco. "Strategies to Obtain Encapsulation and Controlled Release of Pentamidine in Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles." Pharmaceutics 10, no. 4 (October 19, 2018): 195. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics10040195.

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Pentamidine (PTM), an antiprotozoal agent used in clinics as pentamidine isethionate salt (PTM-S), recently showed high potential also for the treatment of cancer and myotonic dystrophy type I. However, a severe limit to the systemic administration of PTM is represented by its nephrotoxicity, leading to the need for a system able to achieve a controlled release of the drug. In this study, mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) were employed for the first time to encapsulate PTM. PTM-S was first used for loading experiments into bare (MSN-OH) and aminopropyl, cyanopropyl and carboxypropyl-functionalized MSNs (MSN-NH2, MSN-CN and MSN-COOH respectively) but it was not adequately loaded in any MSNs. The free base of PTM (PTM-B) was then obtained from PTM-S and successfully loaded into MSNs. Specifically, MSN-COOH exhibited the highest loading capacity. In vitro evaluation of PTM-B kinetic release from the different MSNs was carried out. An influence of the functional groups in slowing the release of the drug, when compared to bare MSNs was observed. Altogether, these results demonstrate that MSN-COOH could be a promising system to achieve a controlled release of PTM.

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Journal articles on the topic 'MSN'

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