Journal articles: 'MSWI'

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Kong, Qingna, Jun Yao, Zhanhong Qiu, and Dongsheng Shen. "Effect of Mass Proportion of Municipal Solid Waste Incinerator Bottom Ash Layer to Municipal Solid Waste Layer on the Cu and Zn Discharge from Landfill." BioMed Research International 2016 (2016): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/9687879.

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Municipal solid waste incinerator (MSWI) bottom ash is often used as the protection layer for the geomembrane and intermediate layer in the landfill. In this study, three sets of simulated landfills with different mass proportion of MSWI bottom ash layer to municipal solid waste (MSW) layer were operated. Cu and Zn concentrations in the leachates and MSW were monitored to investigate the effect of MSWI bottom ash layer on the Cu and Zn discharge from the landfill. The results showed that the Zn discharge was dependent on the mass proportion of MSWI bottom ash layer. The pH of landfill was not notably increased when the mass proportion of MSWI bottom ash layer to MSW layer was 1 : 9, resulting in the enhancement of the Zn discharge. However, Zn discharge was mitigated when the mass proportion was 2 : 8, as the pH of landfill was notably promoted. The discharge of Cu was not dependent on the mass proportion, due to the great affinity of Cu to organic matter. Moreover, Cu and Zn contents of the sub-MSW layer increased due to the MSWI bottom ash layer. Therefore, the MSWI bottom ash layer can increase the potential environmental threat of the landfill.

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Li, Wen-Bing, Jun Yao, Zaffar Malik, Gen-Di Zhou, Ming Dong, and Dong-Sheng Shen. "Impact of MSWI Bottom Ash Codisposed with MSW on Landfill Stabilization with Different Operational Modes." BioMed Research International 2014 (2014): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/167197.

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The aim of the study was to investigate the impact of municipal solid waste incinerator (MSWI) bottom ash (BA) codisposed with municipal solid waste (MSW) on landfill stabilization according to the leachate quality in terms of organic matter and nitrogen contents. Six simulated landfills, that is, three conventional and three recirculated, were employed with different ratios of MSWI BA to MSW. The results depicted that, after 275-day operation, the ratio of MSWI BA to fresh refuse of 1 : 10 (V : V) in the landfill was still not enough to provide sufficient acid-neutralizing capacity for a high organic matter composition of MSW over 45.5% (w/w), while the ratio of MSWI BA to fresh refuse of 1 : 5 (V : V) could act on it. Among the six experimental landfills, leachate quality only was improved in the landfill operated with the BA addition (the ratio of MSWI BA to fresh refuse of 1 : 5 (V : V)) and leachate recirculation.

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Bawab, Jad, Jamal Khatib, Said Kenai, and Mohammed Sonebi. "A Review on Cementitious Materials Including Municipal Solid Waste Incineration Bottom Ash (MSWI-BA) as Aggregates." Buildings 11, no. 5 (April 22, 2021): 179. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings11050179.

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Waste management is a vital environmental issue in the world today. Municipal solid wastes (MSWs) are discarded in huge quantities on a daily basis and need to be well controlled. Incineration is a common method for reducing the volume of these wastes, yet it produces ashes that require further assessment. Municipal solid waste incineration bottom ash (MSWI-BA) is the bulk byproduct of the incineration process and has the potential to be used in the construction sector. This paper offers a review of the use of MSWI-BA as aggregates in cementitious materials. With the growing demand of aggregates in cementitious materials, MSWI-BA is considered for use as a partial or full alternative. Although the physical and chemical properties of MSWI-BA are different than those of natural aggregates (NA) in terms of water absorption, density, and fineness, they can be treated by various methods to ensure suitable quality for construction purposes. These treatment methods are classified into thermal treatment, solidification and stabilization, and separation processes, where this review focuses on the techniques that reduce deficiencies limiting the use of MSWI-BA as aggregates in different ways. When replacing NA in cementitious materials, MSWI-BA causes a decrease in workability, density, and strength. Moreover, they cause an increase in water absorption, air porosity, and drying shrinkage. In general, the practicality of using MSWI-BA in cementitious materials is mainly influenced by its treatment method and the replacement level, and it is concluded that further research, especially on durability, is required before MSWI-BA can be efficiently used in the production of sustainable cementitious materials.

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Huang, Yucheng, Ji Chen, Shenjie Shi, Bin Li, Jialin Mo, and Qiang Tang. "Mechanical Properties of Municipal Solid Waste Incinerator (MSWI) Bottom Ash as Alternatives of Subgrade Materials." Advances in Civil Engineering 2020 (January 30, 2020): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/9254516.

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The rapid development of industrialization, urbanization, and population of the society augments the rising amount of municipal solid waste (MSW). With the advantage of considerably reducing mass and volume of solid wastes and generating energy, the incineration is a widely used treatment method for MSW. During the incineration process, the organic substances contained in the wastes are combusted, and the massive residues are remained. Of the incineration residues, bottom ash takes up to 80–90%, and the remainders are fly ash along with air pollution control residues. Dealing with the municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) bottom ash in a sustainable manner is the primary principle. Significantly, MSWI bottom ash has been successfully utilized in diverse beneficial applications in recent decades, especially in civil engineering applications. This paper investigates the mechanical properties and validity of MSWI bottom ash as applicable substitutes of conventional subgrade materials. For this reason, a series of direct shear and CBR tests are performed on specimens with different water contents and dry densities.

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Zhang, He, and Hui Sheng Shi. "Influence of Heat Pre-Treatment on Washing Pre-Treated MSWI Fly Ash Cementitious Activity." Materials Science Forum 852 (April 2016): 1421–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.852.1421.

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The influence of heat pre-treated temperature (600°C、700°C、800°C and 900°C) on washing pre-treated MSWI fly ash (PW-MSWI) cementitious activity was studied by mortar experiment. Concrete experiment was also conducted to figure out the influence of both PW-MSWI and heat pre-treated PW-MSWI(PWH-MSWI) on concrete strength development. Hydration mechanism and products of cement-MSWI cementitious system were analyzed by XRD and DSC-TG. The results show that heat pre-treatment improve the early-age activity, but reduce the later-age activity of PW-MSWI. The best heat pre-treated temperature is 700°C. Both PW-MSWI and PWH-MSWI improve the early-age strength, but harmful to later strength development of concrete. PWH-MSWI is better on concrete early strength improvement than PW-MSWI. In contrast to cement, more ettringite and chemical bonding water are formed during the early-age hydration of cement-MSWI cementitious system, but the hydration rate of ettringite and calcium hydroxide slow down in later age, leading to less chemical bonding water.

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Xue, Qiang, Jiangshan Li, and Zhuyun Hu. "Compound stabilization/solidification of MSWI fly ash with trimercapto-s-triazine and cement." Water Science and Technology 66, no. 3 (August 1, 2012): 689–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2012.226.

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A new treatment technology of municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) fly ash is presented in this paper. Feasibility of solidification/stabilization treatment of MSWI by successively adding trimercapto-s-triazine and cement, and the effect of addition, fly ash size and curing time were studied by batch tests. The results showed that MSWI posed a huge environmental risk, the partical distribution showed normal distribution approximately. Treatment of fly ash with trimercapto-s-triazine and cement showed a good effect, the leaching toxicity of treated fly ash solidified blocks with 2% trimercapto-s-triazine and 20% cement could meet the standard for pollution control on the landfill site of MSW in China after curing for 7 days, and the flexural strength of solidified blocks could reach 2.4 MPa. Ground fly ash had a positive effect on both leaching toxicity and strength.

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Zhao, Yao, and Ya-Ting Zhu. "Metals Leaching in Permeable Asphalt Pavement with Municipal Solid Waste Ash Aggregate." Water 11, no. 10 (October 21, 2019): 2186. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11102186.

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The leaching behaviors of four heavy metals (Zn, Pb, Cu and Cr) from unbounded municipal solid waste incineration-bottom ash aggregate (MSWI-BAA) and permeable asphalt (PA) mixture containing MSWI-BAA were investigated in the laboratory. The horizontal vibration extraction procedure (HVEP) test and a simulated leaching experiment were conducted on MSWI-BAA with three particle sizes, but only the simulated leaching experiment was carried out on a type of PA specimen (PAC-13) with and without these MSWI-BAAs. Leaching data were analyzed to investigate the leaching characteristics, identify the factors affecting leaching and assess the impact on the surrounding environment. Results indicated that the leaching process was comprehensively influenced by contact time, leaching metal species and MSWI-BAA particle size, regardless of MSWI-BAA alone or used in PAC-13 mixture. The leaching concentrations of Cr, Zn and Pb from MSWI-BAA in HVEP testing was strongly related to MSWI-BAA particle size. The use of MSWI-BAA in PAC-13 mixture did not change the basic tendency of heavy metal leaching, but it led to an increase of Cr and Zn in leachate overall. The leachate from the MSWI-BAA and PAC-13 mixture with MSWI-BAA was shown to be safe for irrigation and would have very little negative impact on surrounding surface and underground water quality.

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Keppert, Martin, Ondrej Michalko, Zbyšek Pavlík, and Robert Černý. "Strength and Elasticity of Mortar with Municipal Solid Waste Incineration Ash." Advanced Materials Research 584 (October 2012): 350–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.584.350.

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Energetic and metallurgic wastes are widely used as Supplementary Cementitious Materials (SCM) and aggregates in order to reduce the concrete price and/or enhance its durability and mechanical properties. Ashes generated in process of Municipal Solid Waste Incineration (MSWI) feature certain similarity with conventional SCMs and thus there is a potential to utilize MSWI ashes as concrete admixtures. Unfortunately high variety of MSWI ashes is observed as consequence of differences in incinerated waste composition and also variability of applied combustion and air pollution control technology. Therefore it is necessary to evaluate the applicability of MSWI ashes individually. The present paper deals with influence of MSWI bottom ash from a Czech incineration facility on strength and Young’s modulus of cementitious mortars where the MSWI bottom ash was used as aggregates. Even though the content of ash was as high as 40 % of aggregates dosage the influence on mechanical properties was found to be not very significant. The strength was not lost by MSWI admixing, the Young’s modulus decreased somewhat.

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9

Lo, Huang-Mu. "Metals behaviors of MSWI bottom ash co-digested Anaerobically with MSW." Resources, Conservation and Recycling 43, no. 3 (February 2005): 263–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2004.06.004.

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Che Amat, Roshazita, Khairul Nizar Ismail, Khairel Rafezi Ahmad, and Norlia Mohamad Ibrahim. "Effects of Metakoalin on Municipal Solid Waste Incineration (MSWI) Bottom Ash-Cement Composite." Materials Science Forum 1010 (September 2020): 653–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1010.653.

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Municipal solid waste incinerators (MSWI) produce by products which can be classified as bottom and fly ashes. The bottom ash accounts for 85-90 % of solid product resulting from MSW combustion. The objective of this study was to assess the feasibility of application of municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) bottom ash as a supplementary cementations material for the preparation of blended cement. The used of bottom ash as a research material is caused by substances contained in cement is almost the same with bottom ash. Bottom ash was found to have some reactivity, but without greatly affecting the hydration process of OPC at 10 % replacement with 10% metakaolin is required to be used in the production of concrete in order to improve strength.

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11

Cho, Byoung Hooi, Boo Hyun Nam, Jinwoo An, and Heejung Youn. "Municipal Solid Waste Incineration (MSWI) Ashes as Construction Materials—A Review." Materials 13, no. 14 (July 15, 2020): 3143. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13143143.

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Over the past decades, extensive studies on municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) ashes have been performed to develop more effective recycling and waste management programs. Despite the large amount of research activities and the resulting improvements to MSWI ashes, the recycling programs for MSWI ashes are limited. For instance, although the U.S. generates more MSWI ashes than any other country in the world, its reuse/recycle programs are limited; bottom ash and fly ash are combined and disposed of in landfills. Reuse of MSWI ashes in the construction sectors (i.e., geomaterials, asphalt paving, and concrete products) as replacements for raw materials is one of most promising options because of the large consumption and relatively lenient environmental criteria. The main objective of this study was to comprehensively review MSWI ashes with regard to specific engineering properties and their performance as construction materials. The focus was on (1) the current practices of MSWI ash management (in particular, a comparison between European countries and the U.S.), (2) the engineering properties and performance of ashes when they are used as substitutes of construction materials and for field applications, and (3) the environmental properties and criteria for the use of MSWI ashes. Overall, the asphalt and concrete applications are the most promising, from both the mechanical and leachate viewpoints. However, cons were also observed: high absorption of MSWI ash requires a high asphalt binder content in hot-mix asphalt, and metallic elements in the ash may generate H2 gas in the high-pH environment of the concrete. These side effects can be predicted via material characterization (i.e., chemical and physical), and accordingly, proper treatment and/or modified mix proportioning can be performed prior to use.

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Antoun, Marc, Frédéric Becquart, Najib Gerges, and Georges Aouad. "The use of calcium sulfo-aluminate cement as an alternative to Portland Cement for the recycling of municipal solid waste incineration bottom ash in mortar." Waste Management & Research 38, no. 8 (May 18, 2020): 868–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734242x20925170.

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Municipal solid waste incineration generates large quantities of bottom ash that should be recycled. Current use of municipal solid waste incineration bottom ash (MSWI-BA) in cementitious materials is mostly in Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC). This paper considers using MSWI-BA as sand substitution in Calcium Sulfoaluminate Cement (CSA) as an alternative to OPC. A comparison between OPC and CSA mortars containing 0–2 mm MSWI-BA is conducted. The MSWI-BA used was treated to remove the ferrous and non-ferrous metals in order to obtain a better mineral fraction. Different percentages (0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%) of standard sand were substituted by MSWI-BA based on equivalent volume. Experimental results showed that the compressive strength and porosity of the CSA mortars were superior to OPC after substitution at 1, 7, 28, and 90 days. The compressive strength of OPC mortars with 25% substitution decreased by 40% compared to 11% for CSA mortars at 90 days. This is due to the difference in pH between the two cement pastes as OPC in contact with the MSWI-BA leads to a reaction with the aluminum content which releases hydrogen gas, increases the porosity, and decreases the compressive strength.

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Wang, Qing, Xin Rui Wang, Hai Cao, Zhao Yang Ding, and De Yong Kong. "Study on the Mechanical Properties and Heavy Metal Ions Immobilization Capability of Solidified Body for MSWI Fly Ash with Geopolymer." Materials Science Forum 1036 (June 29, 2021): 301–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1036.301.

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In this study, municipal solid waste incineration fly ash (hereinafter called MSWI fly ash) was used as a main raw material, and it was prepared into a solidified body for MSWI fly ash with geopolymer by a single-component chemical alkali excitation method. The results were shown that when the content of MSWI fly ash was 50%, SiO2/Al2O3 was between 3.51-4.04, and Na2O/Al2O3 was between 0.24-0.30, with the increasing of SiO2/Al2O3 and Na2O/Al2O3, the 28d compressive strength of the solidified body showed a trend of increasing first and then decreasing, the maximum 28d compressive strength was 17.7MPa. When SiO2/Al2O3 was 4.04 and Na2O/Al2O3 was 0.30, the minimum leaching concentrations of Pb2+ and Cd2+ were 0.018mg/L and 0.027 mg/L. When the content of MSWI fly ash was increasing, the 28d compressive strength of the solidified body gradually decreased, and the heavy metal ions leaching concentration gradually increased. The result of XRD and FTIR indicated that the MSWI fly ash was involved in the polymerization reaction, and the heavy metal ions in MSWI fly ash were also chemically solidified into the geopolymer structure.

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Hung, Pao-Chen, Shu-Hao Chang, Alfons Buekens, and Moo-Been Chang. "Continuous sampling of MSWI dioxins." Chemosphere 145 (February 2016): 119–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.11.111.

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Zhang, Hai Long, Yong Heng Chen, Jian Ying Qi, Bi Gui Lin, and Jian De Fang. "Characterization of Heavy Metals in the Surrounding of Municipal Solid Waste Incinerator (MSWI) and Health Risks Assessment via Inhalation in Shenzhen Nanshan, China." Advanced Materials Research 790 (September 2013): 425–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.790.425.

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Take the Shenzhen Nanshan Municipal solid waste incinerator (MSWI) as the object, in total 18 ambient air samples were got. The study analyzed the distribution characteristics of ambient air heavy metals (Cu, Cd, Pb, Cr) and As in the surroundings of the MSWI. The EPA Risk Assessment Guidance for Superfund (RAGS) was used to assess the exposure risk. The results demonstrated that the Pb and Cd value in the surroundings of the MSWI were in the accept level according to the Ambient Air Quality Standards (GB3095-2012); The risk assessment showed that the carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks via inhalation exposure in the sorrounding of the MSWI were in the accessible levels.

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Wang, Jian Wei, Hai Jun Zhang, Tao Ji, Chen Jiang Dong, Yi Ren Lu, Tao Ling, Mei Yu Wang, and Xian Hua Liu. "Study on Emission Control of Dioxins by Thermal Decomposition." Advanced Materials Research 726-731 (August 2013): 2079–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.726-731.2079.

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In this paper, we present the data regarding the thermal decomposition of PCDD/Fs during the manufacturing process of ceramisite from MSWI fly ash, and the efficiency of bag filter with activated carbon injection technology to reduce the gas emission of PCDD/Fs. The distribution of seventeen 2,3,7,8-chlorinated dioxins and furans in MSWI fly ash, ceramisite product, bag filter ash and emission gases were analyzed, and the international toxic equivalents (I-TEQ as 2,3,7,8-tetraCDD) values were calculated by using international-toxicity equivalency factor (I-TEF). The total I-TEQ value of PCDD/Fs in MSWI fly ash reached up to 904.944 ng/kg. After high temperature calcining, only 1.250 ng I-TEQ/kg of PCDD/Fs is left in the ceramisite product. The concentrations of PCDD/Fs in two kinds of bag filter ashes, with activated carbon injection (AC) and without activated carbon injection (NAC), were 324.723 ng I-TEQ/kg and 217.066 ng I-TEQ/kg, respectively. The distribution patterns of seventeen 2,3,7,8-chlorinated dioxins and furans in MSWI fly ash, ceramisite product and bag filter ashes are alike, which suggested that the secondary formation of PCDD/Fs did not significantly occur during the thermal process of manufacturing ceramisite from MSWI fly ash. When no activated carbon was injected, the gas emission of PCDD/Fs was 0.373 ng I-TEQ/Nm3, but 100 mg/Nm3 of activated carbon injection, the gas emission of PCDD/Fs was declined to 0.081 ng I-TEQ/Nm3, which is lower than the gas emission limit established by the European Union Directive of 0.1 ng I-TEQ/Nm3. Therefor, we can recommend that the manufacturing ceramisite from MSWI fly ash using the developed rotary kiln system is an effective measure to safely dispose the MSWI fly ash on the aspect of dioxin emission control.

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Jin, Man Tong, Cai Ju Huang, and Zan Fang Jin. "The Physical and Chemical Properties of Fly Ash fom Municipal Solid Wastes Incineration." Advanced Materials Research 194-196 (February 2011): 2065–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.194-196.2065.

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Fly ash from the municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) which contains a small amount of heavy metals becomes a threat to human health and other living organisms once emitted into the environment, and has to be treated before disposal. This study focuses on the characteristics of the MSWI fly ash, which involve mineral composing, granularity distributing, specific surface area, pore diameter and pore volume of fly ash, leaching toxicity and chemical species of heavy metals. The experiment results confirm that the fly ashes are mainly composed of sylvite, halite, portlandite and calcium sulfate hydrate, with the the average particle diameter of 15.082 μm and the specific surface area of 4.290 m2/g, and the heavy metals such as Pb, Cu, Cr in the MSWI fly ash are mobile except Hg. This research provides critical information for appropriate MSWI fly ash treatment technology.

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Wu, Huanan, Qian Wang, Jae Hac Ko, and Qiyong Xu. "Characteristics of geotextile clogging in MSW landfills co-disposed with MSWI bottom ash." Waste Management 78 (August 2018): 164–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2018.05.032.

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Lo, H. M., M. H. Liu, T. Y. Pai, W. F. Liu, C. Y. Lin, S. C. Wang, C. J. Banks, et al. "Biostabilization assessment of MSW co-disposed with MSWI fly ash in anaerobic bioreactors." Journal of Hazardous Materials 162, no. 2-3 (March 2009): 1233–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.06.028.

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Wang, Yan Hua, Gui Wei Rao, Mei Lan Chen, Jian Yuan Yu, and Guo Ping Chang-Chien. "Investigation on Dioxin Level of Flue Gas, Ambient Air, Vegetation and Soil Nearby Large-Scale MSWI in Taiwan." Advanced Materials Research 781-784 (September 2013): 2508–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.781-784.2508.

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We set up information about Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDD/F) level in flue gas, ambient air, banyan leaves and soil nearby Muzha MSWI, located in the north of Taiwan. Total PCDD/F I-TEQ concentrations in flue gas are 0.0995, 0.0711ng I-TEQ/Nm3, respectively, in spring, autumn, all below the emission limit regulated by Taiwan EPA, 0.1ng I-TEQ/Nm3 . The mean PCDD/F concentrations in ambient air nearby Muzha MSWIs are 0.0283, 0.0357, 0.0391 and 0.05638pg I-TEQ/Nm3, respectively at four seasons. The mean PCDD/F concentrations in banyan leaves nearby are 3.86, 0.873ng I-TEQ/kg, respectively in spring, autumn. The mean PCDD/F concentrations in soil nearby are 1.733, 2.061ng I-TEQ/kg, respectively in spring, autumn, much lower than the emission limit in soil regulated by Taiwan EPA, 1000ng I-TEQ/kg. By comparing the PCDD/F concentration of sample at upwind and downwind sampling sites, the PCDD/F influence from Muzha MSWI on nearby ambient air, vegetation and soil is not obvious.

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Sappa, Giuseppe, Silvia Iacurto, Adelaide Ponzi, Fabio Tatti, Vincenzo Torretta, and Paolo Viotti. "The LCA Methodology for Ceramic Tiles Production by Addition of MSWI BA." Resources 8, no. 2 (May 11, 2019): 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/resources8020093.

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Integrated waste management and sustainable use of natural resources are the basis of the Green Economy. In this context, the management of the Municipal Solid Waste Incineration Bottom Ashes (MSWI BA) is one of the current issues worldwide. This paper presents an application of the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) procedure to the industrial production of ceramic tiles using bottom ashes in the mixture together with feldspathic sands and clays. The comparison between ashes and traditional mixture showed a similar mineralogical and rheological composition. In the reported procedure the MSWI BA, after storage, were treated to separate and recover metals. The residual ashes were added to the mixture and then they followed the traditional industrial production cycle. Samples of the different materials were taken during the experimental industrial activity and leaching tests were carried out to verify the environmental compatibility of MSWI BA use to produce ceramic tiles. The results of the LCA show large environmental and energy benefits related to the proposed reuse of BA. Metal recovery and lower use of clay in traditional mixture avoids emission of substances with a negative potential impact for environment. This study provides a sustainable alternative to the MSWI BA final disposal in landfill as MSWI BA are hazardous wastes that present complicated management and high disposal costs.

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Vateva, Iveta, and David Laner. "Grain-Size Specific Characterisation and Resource Potentials of Municipal Solid Waste Incineration (MSWI) Bottom Ash: A German Case Study." Resources 9, no. 6 (May 31, 2020): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/resources9060066.

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Municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) is a major element of modern waste management and produces annually around 5.7 million tonnes of bottom ash (BA) in Germany. In order to save natural resources and protect the environment, utilisable materials need to be recovered from BA. It was the aim of the present study to determine metal and mineral resource potentials of MSWI BA based on a characterisation study of raw and aged BA of the MSWI plant in Kassel (Germany). The BA investigated consisted of 82.2% mineral materials, 16.3% metals, and 1.5% unburnt organic matter. Overall, 12.1% and 3.6% of the MSWI BA were theoretically recoverable as native ferrous (Fe) and non-ferrous (NFe) metals, respectively. Assuming state-of-the-art recovery technology, 10.7% and 2.0% of the BA were actually extractable as Fe and NFe metals. The processed BA, as a mixture, did not comply with current German limit values for use as a construction material mainly due to excessive soluble salt contents. Coarser grain size fractions were less contaminated, resulting in a utilisable potential of less than 30% of the BA as a construction material. Hence, grain-size specific processing routes need to be developed for MSWI BA to fully exploit its mineral resource potential.

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Sharma, Tapan, Daniel C. L. Robinson, Hanna Witwicka, F. Jeffrey Dilworth, and Anthony N. Imbalzano. "The Bromodomains of the mammalian SWI/SNF (mSWI/SNF) ATPases Brahma (BRM) and Brahma Related Gene 1 (BRG1) promote chromatin interaction and are critical for skeletal muscle differentiation." Nucleic Acids Research 49, no. 14 (July 21, 2021): 8060–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkab617.

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Abstract Skeletal muscle regeneration is mediated by myoblasts that undergo epigenomic changes to establish the gene expression program of differentiated myofibers. mSWI/SNF chromatin remodeling enzymes coordinate with lineage-determining transcription factors to establish the epigenome of differentiated myofibers. Bromodomains bind to acetylated lysines on histone N-terminal tails and other proteins. The mutually exclusive ATPases of mSWI/SNF complexes, BRG1 and BRM, contain bromodomains with undefined functional importance in skeletal muscle differentiation. Pharmacological inhibition of mSWI/SNF bromodomain function using the small molecule PFI-3 reduced differentiation in cell culture and in vivo through decreased myogenic gene expression, while increasing cell cycle-related gene expression and the number of cells remaining in the cell cycle. Comparative gene expression analysis with data from myoblasts depleted of BRG1 or BRM showed that bromodomain function was required for a subset of BRG1- and BRM-dependent gene expression. Reduced binding of BRG1 and BRM after PFI-3 treatment showed that the bromodomain is required for stable chromatin binding at target gene promoters to alter gene expression. Our findings demonstrate that mSWI/SNF ATPase bromodomains permit stable binding of the mSWI/SNF ATPases to promoters required for cell cycle exit and establishment of muscle-specific gene expression.

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Zhao, Hang, Yang Tian, Rong Wang, Rui Wang, Xiangfei Zeng, Feihua Yang, Zhaojia Wang, Mengjun Chen, and Jiancheng Shu. "Seasonal Variation of the Mobility and Toxicity of Metals in Beijing’s Municipal Solid Waste Incineration Fly Ash." Sustainability 13, no. 12 (June 8, 2021): 6532. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13126532.

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Metal mobility and toxicity of the municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) fly ash from different seasons in Beijing were studied using leaching toxicity procedures, sequential extraction procedures, and bioavailability procedures. The X-ray diffraction results showed that MSWI fly ash contained CaSO4, CaCO3, and KCl. The Pb, Zn, and Cd contents of MSWI fly ash were high, especially during autumn, being 42, 77, and 1260 times higher than that of their soil backgrounds, respectively. Leaching toxicity experiments showed that MSWI fly ash is hazardous, since Pb exceeded the maximum threshold (5 mg/L). The main alkali metal ions and anions, heavy metals total content, leaching concentration, chemical speciation, and bioavailability varied seasonally. The Pb and Zn leaching concentrations in summer and autumn were higher than that of the other two seasons. Sequential extraction procedures indicated that Pb, Zn, and Cd showed extremely high metal mobility, i.e., the residual states of Pb and Cd in spring were 5.83% and 1.21%, respectively, and that of Zn in autumn was 10.68%. These results will help industries, governments, and the public better understand the risk of MSWI fly ash and will urge them to pay more attention to preventing harm to the ecosystem and human beings.

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Mäkinen, Jarno, Marja Salo, Jaakko Soini, and Päivi Kinnunen. "Laboratory Scale Investigations on Heap (Bio)leaching of Municipal Solid Waste Incineration Bottom Ash." Minerals 9, no. 5 (May 11, 2019): 290. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min9050290.

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Municipal solid waste incineration bottom ash (MSWI BA) is the main output of the municipal solid waste incineration process, both in mass and volume. It contains some heavy metals that possess market value, but may also limit the utilization of the material. This study illustrates a robust and simple heap leaching method for recovering zinc and copper from MSWI BA. Moreover, the effect of autotrophic and acidophilic bioleaching microorganisms in the system was studied. Leaching yields for zinc and copper varied between 18–53% and 6–44%, respectively. For intensified copper dissolution, aeration and possibly iron oxidizing bacteria caused clear benefits. The MSWI BA was challenging to treat. The main components, iron and aluminum, dissolved easily and unwantedly, decreasing the quality of pregnant leach solution. Moreover, the physical nature and the extreme heterogeneity of the material caused operative requirements for the heap leaching. Nevertheless, with optimized parameters, heap leaching may offer a proper solution for MSWI BA treatment.

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Kadoch, Cigall. "Structure and Function of ATP-Dependent Chromatin Remodeling Complexes in Human Cancer." Blood 134, Supplement_1 (November 13, 2019): SCI—48—SCI—48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2019-121033.

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Dr. Cigall Kadoch will discuss how recent exome-and genome-wide sequencing studies in human cancers have unmasked a striking frequency of mutations in the genes encoding subunits of the mammalian SWI/SNF (mSWI/SNF) family of ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling complexes. Her laboratory uses biochemistry, structural biology, systems biology, and genomics-based approaches to define the mechanisms of chromatin and gene regulation carried out by the mSWI/SNF family of chromatin regulators. Specifically, they have studied rare, genetically well-defined pediatric cancers including synovial sarcoma, Ewing sarcoma, malignant rhabdoid tumor and others, all of which involve mSWI/SNF complex perturbations as critical drivers of their oncogenic programs. These studies have informed the diverse mechanisms underlying mSWI/SNF complex targeting and function in a wide array of cancers (including hematologic cancers) and developmental disorders and have provided new foundations for therapeutic development. Disclosures Kadoch: Foghorn Therapeutics: Consultancy, Equity Ownership, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees.

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Guo, Xiao Lu, Hui Sheng Shi, Wen Pei Hu, and Kai Wu. "Durability of Calcium Sulphoaluminate (CSA) Composite Cement-Based Materials Made from Municipal Solid Waste Incineration (MSWI) Fly Ash." Applied Mechanics and Materials 719-720 (January 2015): 214–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.719-720.214.

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Municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) fly ash was successfully used as a main raw material in sintering and preparing calcium sulphoaluminate (CSA) cement in laboratory. This work focused on effects of cement additives of MSWI fly ash, lime powder (LI), fly ash (FA), and slag powder (SL) on the durability of CSA cement-based materials. Compared with the hardened cement containing 10% MSWI fly ash alone, compressive strengths of samples containing 20% combined additives was improved significantly. When 20% combined additives were added the resistance to shrinkage, carbonation and sulfate attack was strengthened while the combined additives had negative effects on the resistance to water permeability.

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Zhang, Hai Ying, and Shu Zhen Li. "Safe Analysis of Construction Material after Being Sintered." Advanced Materials Research 849 (November 2013): 253–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.849.253.

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In this work, leaching toxicity of MSWI (municipal solid waste incineration) fly ash by HVEP (horizontal vibration extraction procedure) and ALT (available leaching toxicity) as a function of temperature was analyzed. MSWI fly ash was firstly sintered at 700°C, 800°C, 900°C, 1,000°C and 1,100°C respectively for 30 minutes, and then underwent leaching toxicity analysis of heavy metals. It was found that leaching toxicity of the heavymetals in fly ash sintered at temperatures over 900°C is lower than the limit value described in Identification Standard of Hazardous WasteIdentification of Leaching Toxicity. Therefore, 1000°C is recommended to treat MSWI fly ash.

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Andini, Salvatore, Raffaele Cioffi, Francesco Colangelo, Claudio Ferone, Fabio Montagnaro, and Luciano Santoro. "Characterization of Geopolymer Materials Containing MSWI Fly Ash and Coal Fly Ash." Advances in Science and Technology 69 (October 2010): 123–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ast.69.123.

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In this work three samples of MSWI ash have been stabilized in systems containing coal fly ash and able to give geopolymers through a polycondensation reaction. Monolithic products were obtained with both MSWI ashes as received and after chloride partial removal by water washing. The polycondensation products have been characterized qualitatively by means of FT-IR spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and quantitatively through the determination of the amount of reacted water and silicate. Differently from traditional cement based stabilization systems, those based on geopolymerization show a chemical behaviour almost insensitive to the presence of chlorides and sulphates in the MSWI ash. On the other hand, the microstructure is strongly affected by the content of soluble salts.

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Lo, H. M., H. Y. Chiu, S. W. Lo, and F. C. Lo. "Effects of different SRT on anaerobic digestion of MSW dosed with various MSWI ashes." Bioresource Technology 125 (December 2012): 233–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2012.08.084.

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Lee, Woo Keun, Eun Zoo Park, Young Do Kim, Se Gu Son, and Ji Hyeon Lee. "Development of Inorganic Binder with MSWI Ash." Materials Science Forum 569 (January 2008): 317–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.569.317.

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Municipal Solid Waste Incinerator (below MSWI) ash is used to develop inorganic binder for preparing geopolymer concrete in this study. Toxic substituents, such as heavy metals are de-toxificated by above-mentioned new solidity technique. Slag and coal fly ash are used as active filler to enhance compressive strength. MSWI ash was mixed with slag and coal fly ash to make geopolymer concrete. They were solidified under alkali condition and dried at 50°C and 80°C, respectively. Compressive strength was measured to evaluate the characteristics of specimens for the period of 3, 7 and 14 days. Compressive strength measurements show a maximum strength of almost 13.7 MPa after 14 days. The mineral phases of specimen were analyzed by XRD. And the morphology was analyzed by the photo of SEM. The micro-structure of inorganic binder prepared was analyzed by FTIR. Korea Standard leaching Test (KSLT) and TCLP method are used to the environmental safety of inorganic binder. Raw FA measured concentrations of Cu and Pb were 0.30 ppm and 28.31 ppm, respectively. Leaching amounts of heavy metal were noticeably reduced after the solidification of MSWI as with active filler. It is possible to de-toxificate MSWI ash by new solidity techniques. And it may be used as alternative concrete.

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Keppert, Martin, and Kirill Polozhiy. "Residual Strength of Thermally Loaded Mortars with Treated Municipal Solid Waste Incineration Fly Ash Used as Supplementary Cementitious Material." Advanced Materials Research 982 (July 2014): 114–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.982.114.

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Fly ashes collected in Air Pollution Control lines of Municipal Solid Waste Incinerators (MSWI) differ highly from fly ashes generated during coal burning what complicates their utilization in building materials production. Nevertheless after a treatment such ashes can have properties relatively comparable with coal fly ashes and thus can be used as Supplementary Cementitious Material (SCM). The water extracted MSWI fly ash was used as partial Portland cement replacement in mortars. The mortars strength evolution in time was monitored; behavior typical for pozzolans – slower increase of strength – was observed. Influence of thermal load on strength of mortars was studied as well. It can be concluded that water extracted MSWI fly ash can be used as 10 % Portland cement substitute without loss of mechanical properties.

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Jin, Man Tong, Cai Ju Huang, Liang Chen, Xin Sun, and Lian Jun Wang. "Immobilization of MSWI Fly Ash with Geopolymers." Advanced Materials Research 150-151 (October 2010): 1564–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.150-151.1564.

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The geopolymer was chosen to immobilize the municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) fly ash because of its strong fixing capacity for heavy metals. The fly ash-based geopolymer was synthesized from metakaolinite with MSWI fly ash under activation of sodium silicate solution, and then cured at relative humidity (RH) between 40% and 90% at 20°C. The ability of immobilization of heavy metals in MSWI fly ash with the geopolymer was evaluated in terms of the compressive strength and leaching concentration. The experimental results confirmed that the compressive strength of the resulting solidified body could achieve 35.13 MPa after 7 days of curing. Meanwhile, the leaching concentrations of Pb, Zn, Cu and Cr were 0.0230 mg/kg, 0.186 mg/kg, 0.231 mg/kg, and 6.56 mg/kg, respectively. We confirm that geopolymerisation is an effective alternative in the disposal of various hazardous wastes containing heavy metals.

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Tian, Yang, Rong Wang, Zhenggang Luo, Rui Wang, Feihua Yang, Zhaojia Wang, Jiancheng Shu, and Mengjun Chen. "Heavy Metals Removing from Municipal Solid Waste Incineration Fly Ashes by Electric Field-Enhanced Washing." Materials 13, no. 3 (February 10, 2020): 793. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13030793.

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Municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) fly ash contains chlorides, heavy metals, and organic pollutants, which requires appropriate disposal to eliminate this risk. In this study, the effects of agents on heavy metals removal from MSWI fly ash by electric field-enhanced washing were systematically studied. The results show that when these fly ashes were washed at a current density of 35 mA/cm2, polarity switching frequency of 40 Hz, Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) dosage of 0.5 mol/L, and a pH of 2 for 4 h, almost all of the Cd and Ni could be were removed, with a removal efficiency of 100.00% and 99.59%, respectively. Meanwhile, it also shows a significant effect on Cu and Zn, with a removal efficiency higher than 85%. After washing, the results of the sequential extraction procedure showed that the residual forms of Pb, Cu, Zn, Cd, Ni, and As increased obviously. According to GB5085.3-2007, the toxicity of the treated MSWI fly ash were below their thresholds of 5 and 1 mg/L for Pb and Cd, respectively. Thus, a novel technology for heavy metals removal from MSWI fly ash is proposed.

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Mashtalir, Nazar, Hai T. Dao, Akshay Sankar, Hengyuan Liu, Aaron J. Corin, John D. Bagert, Eva J. Ge, et al. "Chromatin landscape signals differentially dictate the activities of mSWI/SNF family complexes." Science 373, no. 6552 (July 15, 2021): 306–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.abf8705.

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Mammalian SWI/SNF (mSWI/SNF) adenosine triphosphate–dependent chromatin remodelers modulate genomic architecture and gene expression and are frequently mutated in disease. However, the specific chromatin features that govern their nucleosome binding and remodeling activities remain unknown. We subjected endogenously purified mSWI/SNF complexes and their constituent assembly modules to a diverse library of DNA-barcoded mononucleosomes, performing more than 25,000 binding and remodeling measurements. Here, we define histone modification-, variant-, and mutation-specific effects, alone and in combination, on mSWI/SNF activities and chromatin interactions. Further, we identify the combinatorial contributions of complex module components, reader domains, and nucleosome engagement properties to the localization of complexes to selectively permissive chromatin states. These findings uncover principles that shape the genomic binding and activity of a major chromatin remodeler complex family.

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Pecqueur, G., C. Crignon, and B. Quénée. "Behaviour of cement-treated MSWI bottom ash." Waste Management 21, no. 3 (June 2001): 229–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0956-053x(00)00094-5.

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Pundinaitė-Barsteigienė, Milda, Darius Bačinskas, Edmundas Spudulis, and Deividas Rumšys. "MSWI Bottom Ash Utilization in Concrete Mixes." Mokslas - Lietuvos ateitis 9, no. 5 (December 27, 2017): 524–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/mla.2017.1081.

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In recent years, along with the global development of the Circular Economy concept and in order to minimise the quantity of waste disposed, waste recovery and reuse of recovered materials as raw materials in various industries while preserving the natural resources is strongly encouraged. One of the strands in development of these trends is the reuse of slag (bottom ash) produced from municipal waste incineration in concrete mixes. The article gives a brief overview of the possibilities for the use of slag produced during the municipal waste incineration for the formation of concrete mixes. A brief overview of global experience in this area has been provided. The technological process of waste incineration in Lithuania and the chemical composition of the resulting ash have been described in general terms. The results of preliminary tests of concrete mixes with bottom ash performed at Vilnius Gediminas Technical University have been presented. The tests performed show that a properly selected content of bottom ash can be used as a substitute for fine aggregates in concrete mixes. The initial results give impetus to further research in the field of application of secondary raw materials for concrete mixes.

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Chen, Wei-Sheng, Fang-Chih Chang, Yun-Hwei Shen, Min-Shing Tsai, and Chun-Han Ko. "Removal of chloride from MSWI fly ash." Journal of Hazardous Materials 237-238 (October 2012): 116–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2012.08.010.

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Bertolini, Luca, Maddalena Carsana, Davide Cassago, Alessandro Quadrio Curzio, and Mario Collepardi. "MSWI ashes as mineral additions in concrete." Cement and Concrete Research 34, no. 10 (October 2004): 1899–906. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2004.02.001.

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Ding, Jian. "Investigation of Thermodynamic Equilibrium of MSWI Fly Ash during High-Temperature Treatment." Advanced Materials Research 610-613 (December 2012): 1871–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.610-613.1871.

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MSWI (municipal solid waste incineration) fly ash during the high-temperature treatment was a chemical reaction process system of multiphase-component systems. The thermodynamic Equilibrium of the MSWI fly ash was simulated by the part of equilibrium composition of the chemical thermodynamic calculation software HSC-Chemistry 6.0. The characteristics of heavy metals were analyzed basing on the results of simulation in a certain temperature range under different working conditions.

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Yang, Qing, Yanxia Zhu, Xingxing Liu, Lingmei Fu, and Qianqian Guo. "Bayesian-Based NIMBY Crisis Transformation Path Discovery for Municipal Solid Waste Incineration in China." Sustainability 11, no. 8 (April 20, 2019): 2364. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11082364.

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Environmental conflicts have been a top global focus and issue for human’s sustainable development. China is confronted with a serious situation with a rigid demand of ecological governance, in which the “Not In My Back Yard” (NIMBY) crisis outbreaks frequently. NIMBY has a great impact on government management and social stability. This study aims to analyze the NIMBY crisis transformation path for municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) in China. Considering environmental, social and economic influences, this study seeks to find methods of transforming dangers into opportunities. A conceptual framework for realizing the NIMBY crisis transformation in waste management decision-making was conducted with a hybrid approach. A fishbone diagram was applied to explain the key factors of NIMBY crisis transformation for MSWI. Integrating Bayesian network structure discovery and co-word analysis into a qualitative analysis, searched data and key factors from a literature search engine with specific themes were used for structure learning. The results showed that project location, benefit compensation, publicity and education, public decision, public participation, the rule of law and multiple governance have distinct influences on the NIMBY crisis transformation process in China. In summary, the conceptual framework describes the complex process of NIMBY crisis transformation and helps to deepen data mining for municipal solid waste management (MSWM).

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42

Guo, Xiao Lu, Hui Sheng Shi, and Jia Bao Huang. "Effects of Cement Additives on Alinite Cement-Based Materials from Municipal Solid Waste Incineration (MSWI) Fly Ash." Key Engineering Materials 727 (January 2017): 1046–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.727.1046.

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Municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) fly ash was successfully used as a main raw material in sintering and preparing alinite cement clinker in laboratory. Based on this, this work focused on the effects of cement admixtures on the compressive strength and durability of the alinite cement-based materials. The optimum mix mass ratio was confirmed, i.e. the mass ratio of alinite cement clinker / gypsum / cement additives (MSWI fly ash, fly ash, or slag) was 80 % / 5 % / 15 %. The experimental results showed that addition of cement additives could improve resistance to sulfate attack of the prepared alinite cement-based materials. The resistance to carbonation and water permeability could be improved by adding different cement additives. The effectiveness is specimen AD3 (with 15 wt. % slag) > AB3 (with 15 wt. % MSWI fly ash) > AC3 (with 15 wt. % fly ash). However, addition of cement additives had negative effects on the dry shrinkage. Finally, with the hydration ages increasing, the content of soluble chloride ion from alinite cement specimen AB3 was decreased. It would be stable in long term. This work improves utilization of industrial solid wastes as cement additives in the prepared alinite cement from MSWI fly ash. It is beneficial for our understanding and application of alinite composite cement as construction and building materials.

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Yen, Chen-Piao, Song-Yan Zhou, and Yun-Hwei Shen. "The Recovery of Ca and Zn from the Municipal Solid Waste Incinerator Fly Ash." Sustainability 12, no. 21 (October 31, 2020): 9086. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12219086.

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The treatment and disposal of municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) fly ash containing significant amounts of dissolvable salts and heavy metals is a seriously challenge. At present, the common treatment method for MSWI fly ash in Taiwan is the cement-based stabilization/solidification (S/S) process. In this work, an integrated hydrometallurgical process for the treatment of MSWI fly ash was evaluated. Ca was first recovered by combining water washing and ion exchange sequentially. Meanwhile, Zn in the water-washed fly ash was recovered by combining acid leaching and ion exchange sequentially. Combining the water washing efficiency of 30% on raw ash and the acid leaching efficiency of 40% on pre-washed ash, a total of 58% mass reduction rate of fly ash was achieved. In addition, an 80% Zn and 58% Ca recovery was achieved.

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Zhang, Hai Ying, Guo Liang Yuan, and Guo Xian Ma. "Analysis of Heavy Metal Leaching in Fly Ash from One Shanghai Municipal Solid Waste Incineration (MSWI) Plant." Advanced Materials Research 531 (June 2012): 292–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.531.292.

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The characteristics and leaching behavior of heavy metals in fly ash, sampled from one MSWI (municipal solid waste incineration) plant in Shanghai China, were investigated. The results indicated that the main elements of fly ash were Fe, K, Na, Cl, Si, Ca, Al, and the total fraction of heavy metals was in the range of 0.8 % - 2.0%. Hence, MSWI fly ash was considered to be one kind of hazardous waste due to its potential environmental risk. Leaching toxicity was performed on fly ash samples from the MSWI plant in Shanghai China. Leaching toxicity of the heavy metals by the ALT (available leaching toxicity) procedure exceeded that by the HVEP (horizontal vibration extraction procedure) standard. Leaching concentrations of Ni, Zn, Cd and Pb exceeded the limit of hazardous waste identification standard. Hence, fly ash is a hazardous waste.

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Raček, Jakub, Natalia Anferova, Petr Hluštík, and Petr Hlavínek. "Optimizing Sludge Management at the Municipal Solid Waste Incinerator—A Case Study." Proceedings 2, no. 11 (August 6, 2018): 651. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2110651.

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Sludge disposal is becoming an issue at the municipal solid waste incinerator (MSWI), especially for environmental and economic reasons. This paper describes a case study of the optimization of the sludge management (SM) system at the MSWI in the Czech Republic. The original concept of SM at MSWI was designed as waste-free. However, the present operation indicates that there is a need to carry out regular extraction and disposal of sludge settling at the bottom ash tank and the bottom of the retention basin. The current status of SM causes problems not only in terms of operation but it also entails significant financial costs given the necessary regular cleaning of tanks. The aim of the applied research presented in this paper is SM optimization by a mobile sludge dewatering (DW) press unit with optimal polymer combination for DW.

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Lo, H. M., H. Y. Chiu, S. W. Lo, and F. C. Lo. "Effects of micro-nano and non micro-nano MSWI ashes addition on MSW anaerobic digestion." Bioresource Technology 114 (June 2012): 90–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2012.03.002.

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Lee, Woo Keun, Eun Zoo Park, Ji Hyeon Lee, and Yeong Seok Yoo. "Effect on Compressive Strength by Mixing Ratio of MSWI Melting Slag/Bottom Ash." Materials Science Forum 620-622 (April 2009): 631–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.620-622.631.

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In this work, inorganic paste was made from melting slag (MS) of MSWI ash and MSWI bottom ash (MBA) by geopolymer technique. Heavy metals such as Pb and Cu are highly contained in MBA. In the view of environmental protection and resource conservation, recycling of MSWI ash is desirable. MS and MBA were mixed to make inorganic paste. Compressive strength was measured to evaluate the characteristics of inorganic paste after the period of 1, 3 and 7day. Compressive strength of almost 90 MPa was obtained at the mixing ratio of MS : MBA = 9 : 1. And the crystalloid and crystal structure was analyzed by FTIR and XRD. Korea Standard leaching Test (KSLT) is also used to evaluate the environmental safety of inorganic paste. The leached concentration of Pb and Cu were 0.44 ppm and 0.15 ppm, respectively. According to this result, heavy metals were safety immobilized and stabilized.

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Fan, Chengcheng, Baomin Wang, and Tingting Zhang. "Review on Cement Stabilization/Solidification of Municipal Solid Waste Incineration Fly Ash." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2018 (October 29, 2018): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/5120649.

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Municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) fly ash must be treated properly prior to being disposed in the security landfill due to its serious pollution toxicity. Nowadays, lots of studies have demonstrated that cement-based stabilization/solidification could reduce the toxicity pollution effectively by encapsulating the heavy metals into cement matrix, which leads to greater capacity and weight. This paper compares and discusses the MSWI fly ash treatment with the mostly used matrix materials such as Portland cement, phosphate cement, aluminate cement, and alkaline activated cement. Moreover, immobilization mechanism introduced by the interaction between the MSWI fly ash and hydrated cement matrix materials, such as the physical cementing effect, adsorption, isomorphous replacement, and complex precipitation, was explored in depth. The paper also pointed out some reasonable development directions for cement-based stabilization/solidification technology to improve the effectiveness and application of cement-based stabilization/solidification technology.

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Zhang, Haixia, and Takayuki Shimaoka. "Formation of Humic Substances in Weathered MSWI Bottom Ash." Scientific World Journal 2013 (2013): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/384806.

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The study aimed at evaluating the humic substances (HSs) content from municipal solid waste incinerator (MSWI) bottom ash and its variation with time and the effect of temperature on HSs formation. The process suggested by IHSS was applied to extract HSs from two different bottom ash samples, and the extracted efficiency with NaOH and Na4P2O7was compared. MSWI bottom ash samples were incubated at37∘Cand50∘Cfor 1 year. HSs and nonhumic substances were extracted from the bottom ash sample with different incubated period by 0.1 M NaOH/Na4P2O7. Results show that the rate of humic acid formation increased originally with incubation time, reached a maximum at 12th week under37∘Cand at 18th week under50∘C, and then decreased with time. More humic acid in MSWI bottom ash was formed under50∘Cincubated condition compared with that incubated under37∘C. Also, the elemental compositions of HSs extracted from bottom ash are reported.

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Tome, Sylvain, Marie-Annie Etoh, Jacques Etame, and Kumar Sanjay. "Characterization and Leachability Behaviour of Geopolymer Cement Synthesised from Municipal Solid Waste Incinerator Fly Ash and Volcanic Ash Blends." Recycling 3, no. 4 (November 11, 2018): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/recycling3040050.

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Municipal solid waste incinerator fly ash (MSWI-FA) was used synergistically with volcanic ash (VA) to synthesize Geopolymer cement. The effects of the incorporation of 0%, 30%, and 50% of VA and the alkalinity of activating solution on the structure and properties were studied by using the X-ray diffractometer (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), field emission gun scanning electron microscopy (FEG-SEM), and mechanical testing. The encapsulation efficiency of the cements was carried out by using a toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP). The geopolymerization of MSWI-FA promoted the formation of new minerals such as Thernadite (Na2SO4), Hydrocalumite (Ca4Al2O6(CO3)0.67(SO3)0.33), C-S-H, and Faujasite-Na(Na2Ca)0.075(Al0.3Si0.7)O2(H2O)0.22. The Geopolymer cement synthesized with the addition of 50% of VA at 6M NaOH concentration, which exhibited the most compact microstructure. This was the highest strength with the best encapsulation ability. The microstructure analysis of the MSWI-FA-VA system revealed the coexistence of C-S-H and N-A-S-H phases as the main cementitious binders. The TCLP results of cement vis a vis raw MSWI-FA showed the leaching of metals reduced to a great extent. This was much lower than the permissible limit fixed by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) for the toxicity characteristic. Furthermore, an attempt was made to correlate the microstructure with mechanical properties.

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Journal articles on the topic 'MSWI'

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