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1
Foundation, Mucha, Nihon Terebi, and Takamatsu-shi Bijutsukan, eds. Myusha Zaidan hizō Myusha ten: Puraha kara Pari e, kareinaru āru nūvō no tanjō = Alphonse Mucha : treasures from the Mucha Foundation. Tōkyō: Nihon Terebi Hōsōmō, 2004.
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1951-, Hoole John, Sato Tomoko, and Barbican Art Gallery, eds. Alphonse Mucha. London: Lund Humphries in association with Barbican Art Gallery, 1993.
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Mucha, Alphonse Marie. Alphonse Mucha: À l'occasion de la création du Musée Mucha, Prague. Paris: Gründ, 2000.
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4
Heritage Foundation (Washington, D.C.), ed. A Heritage roundtable: Interstate banking, how much, how fast? : March 23, 1985, the Louis Lehrman Auditorium, the Heritage Foundation. Washington, D.C. (214 Massachusetts Ave., N.E., Washington 20002): Heritage Foundation, 1985.
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Daly, Cahal B. Living with difference: how much consensus?: Address; seminar under auspices of Harriet Brierley Mears Foundation in Fontbonne Academy, Milton Mass. February 1993. Belfast: [Diocese of Down and Connor], 1993.
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6
Cavell, Richard. Remediating McLuhan. NL Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789089649508.
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While current scholarly interest has assured Marshall McLuhan's (1911-80) foundational status as a media theorist, much room still exists for further exploration of his writings, which have taken on additional layers of significance in our contemporary digital moment. Holding that media were extensions of the human, McLuhan also posited that the human was a product of technology. Ranging across fields as diverse as art history, biotechnology, and beyond, this collection of essays considers McLuhan's ground-breaking approach within a number of new contexts and explores the distinguishing features of his media theory.
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Zhukova, Galina. Mathematical methods for management decisions. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1084987.
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The purpose of this manual is to help students to master basic concepts and research methods used in the theory of optimal control. The foundations of mathematical modeling. Systematic mathematical methods for managerial decision-making in linear, nonlinear and dynamic problems of optimal socio-economic processes.
Each section contains numerous examples of the application of these methods to solve applied problems. Much attention is paid to comparison of the proposed methods, a proper choice of study design problems, case studies and analysis of complex situations that arise in the study of these topics theory of decision-making, methods of optimal control.
It is recommended that teachers, students and graduate students studying advanced mathematics.
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Ksenofontov, Boris. Biological wastewater treatment. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1013710.
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The training manual sets out the theoretical and practical foundations of biological wastewater treatment in both natural and artificial conditions. For in-depth study of the fundamentals of biological wastewater treatment is quite detailed sections on the basics of Microbiology. Much attention is paid to choosing the best technologies of biological wastewater treatment with effective methods of nutrient removal. In the expanded version of the methods of biological purification of wastewater using membrane bioreactors. Are extensively explored domestic and foreign experience of biological treatment of municipal and industrial wastewater.
Meets the requirements of Federal state educational standards of higher education of the last generation.
Intended for students of bachelor, master, PhD students, teachers and professionals interested in the methods of sewage purification, and it is recommended to study for the enlarged group of specialties and areas 20.00.00 "Technosphere safety and environmental engineering".
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Shulman, Michael. Homotopy Type Theory: A Synthetic Approach to Higher Equalities. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198748991.003.0003.
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Homotopy type theory and univalent foundations (HoTT/UF) is a new foundation of mathematics, based not on set theory but on “infinity-groupoids”, which consist of collections of objects, ways in which two objects can be equal, ways in which those ways-to-be-equal can be equal, ad infinitum. Though apparently complicated, such structures are increasingly important in mathematics. Philosophically, they are an inevitable result of the notion that whenever we form a collection of things, we must simultaneously consider when two of those things are the same. The “synthetic” nature of HoTT/UF enables a much simpler description of infinity groupoids than is available in set theory, thereby aligning with modern mathematics while placing “equality” back in the foundations of logic. This chapter will introduce the basic ideas of HoTT/UF for a philosophical audience, including Voevodsky’s univalence axiom and higher inductive types.
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Fiechter, Joshua L., Aaron S. Benjamin, and Nash Unsworth. The Metacognitive Foundations of Effective Remembering. Edited by John Dunlosky and Sarah (Uma) K. Tauber. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199336746.013.24.
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Learners’ success in remembering reflects their strategic approach to the demands that their memory places on them. Differences in success on memory tasks are usually taken to reveal memory ability; but things are more complicated. Memory performance is determined by the interplay of learners’ goals and motivations and the sophistication of the approaches they bring to a particular learning context. Thus, rememberers are burdened with choosing strategies that most efficiently meet their goals, given conditions at encoding or retrieval. Learners must navigate the costs and benefits of engaging select strategies, beginning with simple decisions such as how to distribute study time and ending with complex scenarios where they must infer superior learning strategies following exposure to an alternative strategy. Learners may modulate their use of beneficial strategies in accord with their goals but are much less successful at bringing completely new strategies to bear when the situation calls for them.
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Pollock, John L. Nomic Probability and the Foundations of Induction. Oxford University Press, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195060133.001.0001.
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In this book Pollock deals with the subject of probabilistic reasoning, making general philosophical sense of objective probabilities and exploring their relationship to the problem of induction. He argues that probability is fundamental not only to physical science, but to induction, epistemology, the philosophy of science and much of the reasoning relevant to artificial intelligence. Pollock's main claim is that the fundamental notion of probability is nomic--that is, it involves the notion of natural law, valid across possible worlds. The various epistemic and statistical conceptions of probability, he demonstrates, are derived from this nomic notion. He goes on to provide a theory of statistical induction, an account of computational principles allowing some probabilities to be derived from others, an account of acceptance rules, and a theory of direct inference.
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Johnston, Ron. Geography and International Studies: The Foundations. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190846626.013.199.
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The discipline of geography is built around four key concepts—environment, place, space, and scale—that form a matrix for exploring and appreciating many aspects of contemporary society. The environment is the ultimate source of human sustenance; people have created places to realize that potential; and a spatial structure—nodes, routes, surfaces and bounded territories—has been erected within which human interactions are organised.The relationships between human societies and their environments—now very much changed from their pre-human “natural” state—involve competition for and conflicts over resources, of increasing intensity. Resolution of all but the smallest scale of those conflicts requires a body that is independent of the actors involved and can ensure that agreements are reached and then implemented. Such a body is the state, a territorially bounded apparatus that, through the operation of territoriality strategies, can ensure conflict resolution among its citizenry and thereby resolve environmental problems.Many of those problems—the most severe being global climate change resulting from anthropomorphically induced global warming—are not contained, and cannot be contained, within an individual state’s territory, however. Tackling them requires inter-state co-operation, at a global scale, but the absence of a super-national body with the power to require actions by individual states is a major constraint to problem resolution.
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Fisher, Elizabeth, Jeff King, and Alison Young, eds. The Foundations and Future of Public Law. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198845249.001.0001.
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Public law in the United Kingdom and the European Union has undergone seismic changes over the last forty years. Scholars thus spend much time at the frontiers of the subject, responding rapidly to new developments and providing guidance to scholars, legislators, and judges for future directions. In these circumstances, there is rarely a chance to reflect upon the implications of these changes for the fundamentals of public law and how those fundamentals relate to one another. In this collection, inspired by the work of leading EU and public law scholar Paul Craig, leading figures in UK and EU public law address this complex and nuanced interrelationship between the foundations and futures of EU and UK public law. The chapters focus on six building blocks of public law: theory, case law, legislation, institutions, procedures, and constitutions. Overall these chapters make clear that the interrelationship between foundations and futures is a profoundly important one. As scholars and lawyers we ignore this at our peril.
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Butyrskiy, Evgeniy. Theoretical foundations of hydroacoustics and ocean acoustics. Strategy of the Future, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37468/book_171022.
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The textbook was written in accordance with the program of the discipline "Theoretical foundations of hydroacoustics and ocean acoustics". The manual discusses the characteristics of the acoustic environment, mathematical models of the propagation of acoustic waves in the ocean, methods for solving wave equations, the main physical phenomena associated with the transmission of acoustic energy over distances, types of sound velocity distribution and the corresponding acoustic ray trajectories, focusing factors and anomalies. Much attention is paid to the principles of emission and reception of hydroacoustic waves, the characteristics of the primary and secondary hydroacoustic fields, as well as models of noise and interference in the ocean and sound propagation in a statistically homogeneous medium. Particular attention is paid to determining the range of hydroacoustic means. The textbook is intended for cadets of the radio engineering department of the Naval Polytechnic Institute, but can be used by cadets and university students specializing in this field, as well as teachers and specialists in the field of hydroacoustics.
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Eisenberg, Melvin A. Foundational Principles of Contract Law. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199731404.001.0001.
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Foundational Principles of Contract Law is similar to a hornbook—that is, a one-volume treatise on a given legal subject that is intended primarily for law-school students—in length, but differs from a hornbook in two critical respect. First, hornbooks are primarily devoted to setting out the principles and rules of a given legal subject, with some attention to the rationale of those principles and rules, only occasional attention to critiquing those principles and rules, and little or no attention to considering whether those principles and rules should be modified or replaced. In contrast, while Foundational Principles sets out the principles and rules of contract law it places more emphasis on what the principles and rules of contract law should be, based on policy, morality, and experience. A major premise of Foundational Principles is that the best way to grasp contract law is to understand it from a critical perspective as an organic, dynamic subject. When contract law is approached in this way it is much easier to grasp and learn than when it is presented simply as a static collection of principles and rules. Second, Foundational Principles is intended for all members of the profession—law-school students, judges, practicing lawyers, and academics—and more generally for all persons interested in the law, including students in pre-law courses and members of the public.
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Chowdhury, Debasish Roy, and John Keane. To Kill A Democracy. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198848608.001.0001.
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Combining poignant life stories with sharp scholarly insight, this book rejects the belief that India was once a beacon of democracy but is now being ruined by the destructive forces of Modi-style populism. The book details the much deeper historical roots of the present-day assaults on civil liberties and democratic institutions. Democracy, the authors also argue, is much more than elections and the separation of powers. It is a whole way of life lived in dignity, and that is why they pay special attention to the decaying social foundations of Indian democracy. In compelling fashion, the book describes daily struggles for survival and explains how lived social injustices and unfreedoms rob Indian elections of their meaning, while at the same time feeding the decadence and iron-fisted rule of its governing institutions. Much more than a book about India, To Kill A Democracy argues that what is happening in the country is globally important, and not just because every third person living in a democracy is an Indian. It shows that when democracies rack and ruin their social foundations, they don’t just kill off the spirit and substance of democracy. They lay the foundations for despotism.
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Mawson, Michael. The Christian Concept of Person. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198826460.003.0004.
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This chapter examines the role of Bonhoeffer’s Christian concept of person in Sanctorum Communio. Many of Bonhoeffer’s readers identify this concept as the cornerstone and foundation of Sanctorum Communio, and sometimes of Bonhoeffer’s theology more broadly. Against this view, this chapter argues that this concept of the person plays a much more delimited (albeit still crucial) role in Sanctorum Communio’s argument. Rather than providing a foundation, this concept clarifies at the outset how God encounters and judges the individual human being through a concrete other following the fall. With this concept, Bonhoeffer is clarifying the real situation or standing of the human being before God and others.
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Boyle, Deborah. Conclusion. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190234805.003.0011.
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This chapter summarizes the main features of the account of Nature ascribed to Cavendish in the preceding nine chapters. It describes what Cavendish thinks a truly well-ordered and perfectly regular universe would be like. According to Cavendish’s mature natural philosophy, Nature has “but One Law,” which is “to keep Infinite matter in order, and to keep so much Peace, as not to disturb the Foundation of her Government”; when the “foundation” of Nature is not disturbed, matter moves in orderly, peaceful ways. This suggests that, for Cavendish, Nature’s goal is for matter to be orderly and for its “regular” motions not to be disturbed. For the natural world to be peaceful is for it to be orderly, and that means the motions of matter must be regular, not irregular.
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Penzel, Fred. Clinical Presentation of OCD. Edited by Christopher Pittenger. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190228163.003.0002.
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This chapter seeks to lay out the chief hallmarks and manifestations of obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD), especially for readers who do not already have direct experience with its phenomenology. As such it lays a foundation for a more detailed discussion of focused topics that follows later in this volume. Common obsessions and compulsions are described, as well as typical characteristics. This disorder causes great suffering. It was long thought to be uncommon, was not well defined, and was subject to much misdiagnosis. Research and clinical experience over the past 35 years have done much to clarify the diagnosis, and are reviewed here.
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Van Raalte, Theodore G. Theology as a Science That Benefits from a Scholastic Method. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190882181.003.0006.
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Chandieu considered theology to be a “science” in the classical sense of the term, much like Thomas Aquinas. In this chapter Chandieu’s important introduction to his programmatic treatise of 1580 is subjected to careful scrutiny. Its importance is underlined by the fact that he expanded it before his death for inclusion in his Opera Theologica. Here he roots his reasons for using scholastic method in the needs of pedagogy, the nature of Scripture as truth, and the importance of the certainty of faith for the believer. He carefully distinguishes Scripture as that which provides the foundation and content for one’s theological positions, while philosophy (logic) provides the instrument or tool by which one moves from the foundation to further necessary conclusions. He also distinguishes the senses in which he approves and disapproves of the medieval schoolmen.
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Ball, Derek, and Brian Rabern, eds. The Science of Meaning. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198739548.001.0001.
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Semantics is the systematic study of linguistic meaning. The past fifty years have seen an explosion of research into the semantics of natural languages. There are now sophisticated theories of phenomena that were not even known to exist mere decades ago. Much of the early work in natural language semantics was accompanied by extensive reflection on the aims of semantic theory, and the form a theory must take to meet those aims. But this meta-theoretical reflection has not kept pace with recent theoretical innovations. The aim of this volume is to re-address these questions concerning the foundations of natural language semantics in light of the current state-of-the-art in semantic theorizing. The volume addresses a range of foundational questions about formal semantics: what is the best methodology for semantic theorizing, and should experimental techniques play a crucial role? How should we understand the use of formal tools such as model theory, and are there better formal alternatives? How should we think about compositionality? What does semantic theory tell us about the language faculty or linguistic competence? What are the advantages of dynamic semantics? How do formal semantic theories relate to philosophical notions of context, content, interpretation, and propositions?
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Stoughton, John Alden. Windsor Farmes: A Glimpse of an Old Parish, Together with the Deciphered Inscriptions from a Few Foundation Stones of a Much Abused Theology. Creative Media Partners, LLC, 2018.
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Stoughton, John Alden. Windsor Farmes: A Glimpse of an Old Parish, Together with the Deciphered Inscriptions from a Few Foundation Stones of a Much Abused Theology. Franklin Classics Trade Press, 2018.
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Windsor Farmes: A Glimpse of an Old Parish, Together with the Deciphered Inscriptions from a Few Foundation Stones of a Much Abused Theology. Creative Media Partners, LLC, 2022.
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Stoughton, John Alden. Windsor Farmes: A Glimpse of an Old Parish, Together with the Deciphered Inscriptions from a Few Foundation Stones of a Much Abused Theology. Franklin Classics Trade Press, 2018.
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27
Kottler, Jeffrey, and Richard S. Balkin. Myths, Misconceptions, and Invalid Assumptions About Counseling and Psychotherapy. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190090692.001.0001.
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In Myths, Misconceptions, and Invalid Assumptions about Counseling the authors examine the science, art, and certainties and uncertainties of psychotherapy. In this book we have selected several dozen issues in our field, many of which are considered generally accepted principles or operating assumptions. We put them under close scrutiny to examine them more carefully. We’ve considered a wide variety of subjects, ranging from those that relate to our espoused beliefs, theoretical models, favored techniques and interventions, to accreditation and licensing requirements. We have also addressed some of the sanctioned statements about the nature and meaning of empirically supported and evidence based treatments. We even question what we can truly “know” for sure and how we can be certain these things are true. When considering the efficacy of psychotherapy, there is overwhelming evidence that the vast majority of clients are significantly improved as a result of our treatments. Advances in the models, methods, and strategies during the last few decades have allowed us to work more swiftly and efficiently, to reach a much more economically and culturally diverse population. But do we really know and understand as much as we pretend to? Is the foundation upon which we stand actually as stable and certain as we think, or at least claim to believe? Are the major assumptions and “truths” that we take for granted and accept as foundational principles really supported by solid data? And how might these assumptions, beliefs, and constructs we hold so sacred perhaps compromise and limit increased creativity and innovation? These are some of the uncomfortable and provocative questions that we wish to raise, and perhaps challenge, so that we might consider alternative conceptions that might further increase our effectiveness and improve our knowledge base grounded with solid evidence.
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Edwards-Ingram, Ywone D., and Andrew C. Edwards, eds. Historical Archaeology in the Twenty-First Century. University Press of Florida, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5744/florida/9780813069050.001.0001.
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The discipline of historical archaeology owes much of its development and prominence to work begun nearly a century ago and continuing to the present at the Colonial Williamsburg Foundation. This edited volume chronicles only a few of the lessons learned on behalf of the discipline, growing out of the 2014 Society for Historical Archaeology symposium “Discovering What Counts in Archaeology and Reconstruction: Lessons from Colonial Williamsburg.” It includes case studies based on exemplary approaches and methodologies that undoubtedly will continue to make Williamsburg meaningful to historical archaeology in the twenty-first century and beyond this episodic period.
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Angner, Erik. Subjective Measures of Well‐Being: Philosophical Perspectives. Edited by Don Ross and Harold Kincaid. Oxford University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195189254.003.0021.
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The goal of this article is to explore some fundamental assumptions underlying subjective measures of well-being, as compared to more traditional economic measures. Its main thesis is that psychologists and economists have sharply different philosophical commitments, a fact that is seldom made explicit. Although it is perfectly reasonable for social and behavioral scientists to be wary of spending too much time thinking about the philosophical foundations of their enterprise, there are moments when it is eminently useful to do so. In this case, this article maintains, there is good reason to attend to these foundations, since they are directly relevant to the assessment of the various measures. A better grasp of fundamental commitments, this article argues, goes a long way toward explaining why psychologists' and economists' efforts to measure welfare or well-being are so different, and why there is relatively little fruitful communication and collaboration across fields.
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Pulmonology, AAP Section on Pediatric. Pediatric Pulmonology. Edited by Michael J. Light, Carol Jean Blaisdell, and Douglas N. Homnick. American Academy of Pediatrics, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/9781581104936.
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All new resource expertly guides you through the diagnosis, treatment, and ongoing management of virtually every pulmonary issue you're likely to encounter. This policy book from the American Academy of Pediatrics guides you through the diagnosis, treatment, and ongoing management of virtually every pulmonary issue you're likely to encounter. You'll turn here often for the latest AAP findings and recommenations; assessment and testing how-tos; proven therapeutic strategies; procedures, and techniques; home care and monitoring considerations; and much more. Powerful problem-solving features in each information-rich chapter include illustrative case reports, key point summaries; and definitions of pulmonary-specific terms. Nearly 300 finely detailed images complement the text. Content highlights: Foundation knowledge and know-how - anatomy and physiology; physical examination; pulmonary testing; imaging; bronchoscopy; Allergic conditions - acute bronchopulmonary aspergillosis; asthma; Anatomical disorders; congenital anomalies; chest wall and spinal deformities and much more.
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Barrenechea, Rodrigo, Edward L. Gibson, and Larkin Terrie. Historical Institutionalism and Democratization Studies. Edited by Orfeo Fioretos, Tulia G. Falleti, and Adam Sheingate. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199662814.013.11.
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This chapter reviews works in the field of democratization and classifies them in relation to the historical institutionalist tradition. Antecedents of an historical institutional approach to the study of democratization can be traced back to some of the classics in the field. Despite these connections, much work remains to be done to build firmer theoretical foundations linking the two fields. As the “transitology” phase of Democratization Studies fades, new opportunities for this will emerge as democratization scholars turn their attention to established democracies.
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Faulkenbury, Evan. Poll Power. University of North Carolina Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5149/northcarolina/9781469652009.001.0001.
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The civil rights movement required money. In the early 1960s, after years of grassroots organizing, civil rights activists convinced non-profit foundations to donate in support of voter education and registration efforts. One result was the Voter Education Project (VEP), which, starting in 1962, showed far-reaching results almost immediately and organized the groundwork that eventually led to the Voting Rights Act of 1965. In African American communities across the South, the VEP catalyzed existing campaigns; it paid for fuel, booked rallies, bought food for volunteers, and paid people to canvass neighborhoods. Despite this progress, powerful conservatives in Congress weaponized the federal tax code to undercut the important work of the VEP. Though local power had long existed in the hundreds of southern towns and cities that saw organized civil rights action, the VEP was vital to converting that power into political motion. Evan Faulkenbury offers a much-needed explanation of how philanthropic foundations, outside funding, and tax policy shaped the southern black freedom movement.
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Southwell, Brian G. Two-Step Flow, Diffusion, and the Role of Social Networks in Political Communication. Edited by Kate Kenski and Kathleen Hall Jamieson. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199793471.013.024.
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An increasing array of political communication scholars and political scientists now include interpersonal communication as part of their models. The central theoretical foundation for much of that work owes much to two long-running works of literature directly intersecting in, and stemming from, Katz and Lazarsfeld’s 1955 Personal Influence: research on the two-step flow and investigation of information diffusion. Consequently, a broad overview of political communication theories calls for a discussion of the theoretical underpinnings of the two-step flow (and its linkage to diffusion), major findings to date, and future directions for research. This essay provides such a discussion. While evidence has suggested a somewhat more complicated picture of the sequence of information and influence flow than described in the earliest formulations of the two-step flow hypothesis, the general theoretical orientation suggested by that tradition continues to be relevant to political communication in the 21st century.
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Conway-Lanz, Sahr. The Struggle to Fight a Humane War. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199379774.003.0003.
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The Korean War demonstrated the serious problems that the United States had adhering to the new 1949 Geneva Conventions and the severely limited protections that these new treaties provided. The protections for war victims were undermined both by serious gaps in the treaties that failed to provide much safety from bombing to civilians and by US deviations from the agreements in the handling of refugees and prisoners of war. However, Americans did not discard the agreements in the wake of their troubled Korean War experiences. Instead, the war helped to legitimize and lay the foundation for the further internalization of the new laws through their formal implementation, the public controversy they generated, and a boomerang effect of atrocity accusations. Despite failing to provide much protection for Korean War victims, the treaties were part of a broader international consensus-building process that helped to spread humanitarian norms.
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Shafer-Landau, Russ, ed. Oxford Studies in Metaethics Volume 16. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192897466.001.0001.
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This series is devoted to original philosophical work in the foundations of ethics. It provides an annual selection of much of the best new scholarship being done in the field. Its broad purview includes work being done at the intersection of ethical theory and metaphysics, epistemology, philosophy of language, and philosophy of mind. The chapters included in the series provide a basis for understanding recent developments in the field. Chapters in this volume explore topics including expressivism about gender, inferential expressivism, moral worth, moral and aesthetic testimony, and normative supervenience.
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Shafer-Landau, Russ, ed. Oxford Studies in Metaethics, Volume 17. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192865601.001.0001.
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This series is devoted to original philosophical work in the foundations of ethics. It provides an annual selection of much of the best new scholarship being done in the field. Its broad purview includes work being done at the intersection of ethical theory and metaphysics, epistemology, philosophy of language, and philosophy of mind. The chapters included in the series provide a basis for understanding recent developments in the field. Chapters in this volume explore topics including expressivism about gender, inferential expressivism, moral worth, moral and aesthetic testimony, and normative supervenience.
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Shafer-Landau, Russ, ed. Oxford Studies in Metaethics Volume 15. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198859512.001.0001.
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This series is devoted to original philosophical work in the foundations of ethics. It provides an annual selection of much of the best new scholarship being done in the field. Its broad purview includes work being done at the intersection of ethical theory and metaphysics, epistemology, philosophy of language, and philosophy of mind. The chapters included in the series provide a basis for understanding recent developments in the field. Chapters in this volume explore topics including the nature of reasons, the tenability of moral realism, moral explanation and grounding, and a variety of epistemological challenges.
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Macdonald, Catriona M. M. Rogue Element. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198736233.003.0011.
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This chapter offers a revisionist critique of the career of the Scotsman Charles Rogers (1825–1890) and his role in the foundation of the Royal Historical Society, which serves to highlight how British historical practice was both formed and undone at the confluence of national traditions: how a strong associational dynamic perpetuated discrete national historiographies and professional and patronage networks, and how commerce, as much as university patronage, informed the professionalization of the discipline. It considers how, in both English and Scottish contexts in the late Victorian period, academic history was more contingently constructed than is sometimes thought. More broadly, it points to the limitations of the ‘unionist nationalism’ paradigm in an English context.
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Shafer-Landau, Russ, ed. Oxford Studies in Metaethics Volume 14. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198841449.001.0001.
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This series is devoted to original philosophical work in the foundations of ethics. It provides an annual selection of much of the best new scholarship being done in the field. Its broad purview includes work being done at the intersection of ethical theory and metaphysics, epistemology, philosophy of language, and philosophy of mind. The chapters included in the series provide a basis for understanding recent developments in the field. Chapters in this volume explore topics including self-undermining arguments from disagreement; contextualism, moral disagreement, and proposition clouds; internalism and prudential value; infinitism about cross-domain conflict; and the fundamentality of fit.
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Rardin, Paul. Building Sound and Skills in the Men’s Chorus at Colleges and Universities in the United States. Edited by Frank Abrahams and Paul D. Head. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199373369.013.26.
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Conductors of collegiate men’s choruses face unique challenges in building excellent choirs. They are likely to lead ensembles with disproportionately wide gaps between their most- and least-experienced singers, with a plurality or even majority of non-music majors—and may need to teach voice as much as they conduct. This chapter offers rehearsal techniques for these conductors which involve learning and utilizing vocal pedagogy, imparting basic phonation, and utilizing vocal tone exercises to build foundation and sound in a choir or glee club. They must then create a sense of community within their musically and vocally diverse choir; instill habits that lead to effective “core singing,” combining alignment, breathing technique, and resonance; and help male singers navigate shifts between their vocal registers.
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Massa, Mark S. The Structure of Scientific Revolutions. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190851408.003.0003.
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This chapter presents a more detailed examination of Thomas Kuhn’s structure than that provided in the Introduction. The chapter explains how and why Kuhn’s book permanently rejected the idea of scientific “progress.” The author notes that although most Catholics experienced the widespread critique of Pope Paul VI’s 1968 encyclical as a sudden (if welcome) rejection of the kind of theological argument that the Church had utilized in its moral teaching for several centuries, the cracks in the foundations of that older approach to natural law had appeared considerably before 1968. The emergence of a historicist approach to moral theology in the decades before the promulgation of the encyclical contextualized the rocky reception accorded it within a much larger historical framework. Further, even the guild of moral theologians had come to a much more nuanced understanding of what could be (and what could not be) “unchangeable” in Christian ethics.
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Ball, Derek, and Brian Rabern. Introduction to the Science of Meaning. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198739548.003.0015.
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This Introduction aims to acquaint the reader with some of the main views on the foundations of natural language semantics, to discuss the type of phenomena semanticists study, and to give some basic technical background in compositional model-theoretic semantics necessary to understand the chapters in this collection. Topics discussed include truth conditions, compositionality, context-sensitivity, dynamic semantics, the relation of formal semantic theories to the theoretical apparatus of reference and propositions current in much philosophy of language, what semantic theories aim to explain, realism, the metaphysics of language and different views of the relation between languages and speakers, and the epistemology of semantics.
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Ansari, Ali M. 4. Iran and the West. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780199669349.003.0004.
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‘Iran and the West’ charts the relationship between Iran and the West beginning in the 16th and 17th centuries with increased contact with Western rulers eager to secure both economic opportunities and political advantage. In the 18th century, as Europe embarked on Enlightenment and scientific revolution, Iran entered a period of prolonged political and economic turmoil—the collapse of the Safavid state and then the rise of the Qajar dynasty. The Constitutional Revolution of 1906 profoundly altered the political and social direction of the country and laid the foundations for much that was to follow. Twentieth-century politics and the profound effects of the 1979 Islamic Revolution are also described.
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Champollion, Lucas. The cast of characters. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198755128.003.0003.
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This chapter presents the three constructions that are the focus of the book (for-adverbials, pseudopartitives, and adverbial each) by means of some typical examples. Building on the foundations laid out in Chapter 2, this chapter develops a baseline theory for the syntax and semantics of these constructions and their constituents, keeping things symmetric across domains as much as seems reasonable so that the parallels drawn in subsequent chapters are not obscured more than necessary. The chapter discusses various properties of these constructions and introduces simplified Logical Forms for them that provide a scaffold on which the theory in the rest of the book is built.
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Nissinen, Martti. Constructing Prophetic Divination. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198808558.003.0001.
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This chapter lays the theoretical foundation of the book, defining prophecy as a non-technical, or inspired, form of divination, in which the prophet acts as an intermediary of divine knowledge. It is argued that prophecy is as much a scholarly construct as a historical phenomenon documented in Near Eastern, biblical, as well as Greek textual sources. The knowledge of the historical phenomenon depends essentially on the genre and purpose of the source material which, however, is very fragmentary and, due to its secondary nature, does not yield a full and balanced picture of ancient prophecy. The chapter also discusses the purpose of comparative studies, arguing that they are necessary, not primarily to reveal the influence of one source on the other, but to identify a common category of ancient Eastern Mediterranean prophecy.
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Bruce, Steve. Contemporary Spirituality. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198805687.003.0002.
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The histories of the Findhorn Foundation (which is Europe’s oldest New Age centre) and of Glastonbury (England’s main New Age town) and detailed biographies of producers and consumers of holistic spirituality instruction, rituals, and therapies are used to describe such basic themes of the contemporary cultic milieu as individual autonomy, the importance of intuition, the persistence of the self through reincarnation, a melding of the realms of the living and the dead, the occult, a romantic preference for the natural and the ancient over the modern and the industrial, tolerance of diversity, and syncretism and holism. The unusual structure of the cultic milieu is described, and attention is drawn to the importance of ‘subsistence spirituality’: while some New Age activity is commercial, much is based on people providing services for themselves and their associates.
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Paxman, Andrew. Epilogue: The Mixed Legacy of William O. Jenkins. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190455743.003.0013.
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A short assessment of Jenkins’s legacy and the impact of the state-capital symbioses that his career exemplified. Jenkins had much in common with the richest person in Mexico of today, Carlos Slim, for both were wizards with numbers, fearless purchasers when others were panic-selling, monopolists, and beneficiaries of crony capitalism. The persistence of monopolistic plutocrats is something of a legacy of Jenkins’s career. Other legacies include the persistence in Puebla of autocratic governors affiliated to the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI) and the recurrence of gringophobia in the rhetoric of the nationalist left. A more positive legacy is the fruit of his philanthropy: the Mary Street Jenkins Foundation, still one of Mexico’s biggest charities, and the Universidad de las Américas-Puebla (UDLAP), one of Mexico’s leading universities.
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Silva, Ricardo Vieira. Projeto Arca: A solidariedade fortalecendo sonhos e esperanças em Altaneira-Ceará. Brazil Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31012/978-65-5861-083-0.
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The book “Arca Project: Solidarity strengthening dreams and hopes in Altaneira-Ceará” describes the history of two Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs), known as Associação Raízes Culturais de Altaneira (ARCA) and Fundação Educativa e Cultural Arca (Fundação Arca), linked especially by the spirit of solidarity. While the Association, formed mainly by family farmers, works with income generation and solidarity economy projects, the Arca Foundation develops projects in line with local and regional education and culture. The work begins by portraying the path of Carlos Alberto Tolovi in a social project of struggle for housing in an old favela that was located near the center of São Paulo, when he served as a seminarian and also as a priest, trying to show how much this his path contributed to the formation of the Arca Project. After describing how ARCA has established, the author continues to present the evolution of the work carried out by the Association and the context that subsequently led to the creation of the Arca Foundation. The narrative of the history of these two non-profit entities, known together as Projeto Arca, refers to the discussion of key concepts that inspire collective work, the questioning of the reality of social injustices and inequalities that characterize capitalist society and represents the hope of a culture, where the dignity of human life and social relations are more important than the economic one, aimed mainly at maximizing individual profit.
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Thompson, William R., and Leila Zakhirova. Revising the Framework: Energy and Eurasian History. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190699680.003.0003.
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This chapter first theorizes as if each system leader has been similar in terms of the resource foundations it has brought to the arena and what it has been able to do with those foundations. Earlier leaders were much weaker than later leaders. What accounts for the difference? Our answer is that system leaders have had variable claims to leads in commerce, technology, and energy. When they combined all three, they became very powerful. The chapter then addresses one of the central issues of Big History: the swinging of the socioeconomic, military, and political lead from western Eurasia to eastern Eurasia and back to western Eurasia and North America in what is sometimes referred to as the “Great Divergence.” This oscillation was put in motion by the discovery of agricultural techniques that gave the West a lead to innovate all sorts of things. Gradually the East caught up, until at one point Rome and Han China were roughly equal. After Rome declined and the Han Empire fragmented, China came back in the Sui–Tang–Song dynasty period, while western Europe remained fragmented. However, the medieval Chinese lead did not persist. Ultimately, the West was able to forge ahead by combining new energy sources and technology. Now, China may be catching up once again.
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Smith, Jay M. Nobility. Edited by David Andress. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199639748.013.003.
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The nobility became a widely despised target of French revolutionaries despite its own lack of unity and its general openness to reform. The strength of the antipathy toward nobility is explained in part by the debates about noble identity that had coursed through French culture for much of the eighteenth century. Those debates brought forth conflicting perspectives, as some sought to revive and expand while others sought to attenuate noble power, standing, and influence. Perhaps the most important consequence of these debates, however, was to reveal the uncertain and contested foundations of noble pre-eminence—a cultural ambiguity that contrasted sharply, and troublingly, with noble assertions of political solidarity in 1788–9.