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Journal articles on the topic 'Mucicarmine staining'
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1
Soans, Suchetha, Lorenzo M. Galindo, and Fernando U. Garcia. "Mucin Stain on Frozen Sections." Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine 123, no. 5 (1999): 378–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.5858/1999-123-0378-msofs.
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Abstract Context.—The importance of frozen-section diagnoses in the practice of pathology cannot be overemphasized. In some cases, the use of a mucin stain can greatly aid in the diagnosis. Since few methods for mucin staining have been described that can be used in the frozen-section setting, we developed one such staining procedure for mucin. Objective.—To develop a rapid mucicarmine staining technique to be used on frozen sections that does not significantly delay overall turnaround time. Design.—A standard mucicarmine staining technique was modified by using a concentrated mucicarmine stain and a microwave oven, to reduce the total staining time to 3 minutes or less. Frozen tissue from normal colonic mucosa was used as a control, and skin from extramammary Paget disease for evaluation of margins was used as a case. Results.—The rapid mucicarmine stain successfully demonstrated the presence of mucin on frozen-tissue sections. Mucin stained deep rose, and the connective tissue stained green. Conclusion.—This rapid and simple mucin staining technique can be used on frozen sections with no significant effect on the overall turnaround time, thereby aiding rapid diagnosis on frozen sections.
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Chiwar, Hassan Musa, Rabiu Musa, Mustapha Bala Abubakar, Yahaya Inuwa, Hyelaparda Ezra, and Ali Mohammed. "Histochemical Evaluation of Prostate Diseases: Integrating Bacterial Infections and Cancer Subtyping." European Journal of Medical and Health Research 1, no. 1 (2023): 10–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.59324/ejmhr.2023.1(1).02.
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Background: Prostate diseases, including bacterial infections and prostate cancer, pose significant health concerns worldwide. However, limitedresearch has focused on the comprehensive characterization of bacterial infections in prostate diseases. This study aimed to address these knowledge gaps by investigating the prevalence of bacterial infections in prostate diseases as well as prostate cancer subtypes. Methods: A retrospective study using formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) prostate biopsy tissue samples from patients diagnosed with prostatediseases. Relevant clinical information was collected, and Gram staining was performed to detect the presence of Gram-negative bacteria. Southgate's mucicarmine staining was utilized to categorize prostate cancer subtypes. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20.0. Results: Among the 50 patients included in the study, the majority (48.0%) fell within the age range of 60-69 years. Prostatic hyperplasia was the mostprevalent prostate disease (70.0%), followed by prostate cancer (28.0%). Gram-negative bacteria were identified in 56% of the FFPE. Categorization of prostate cancer subtypes using mucicarmine staining revealed that 71.4% of FFPE exhibited a positive reaction, indicating the presence of mucin. Conclusion: This study has identified bacterial infections in prostate diseases, focusing on Gram-negative bacteria, mucin positive prostate cancer subtype using mucicarmine staining were as well identified.
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Chiwar, Hassan Musa, Rabiu Musa, Mustapha Bala Abubakar, Yahaya Inuwa, Hyelaparda Ezra, and Ali Mohammed. "Histochemical Evaluation of Prostate Diseases: Integrating Bacterial Infections and Cancer Subtyping." European Journal of Medical and Health Research 1, no. 1 (2023): 10–15. https://doi.org/10.59324/ejmhr.2023.1(1).02.
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Background: Prostate diseases, including bacterial infections and prostate cancer, pose significant health concerns worldwide. However, limitedresearch has focused on the comprehensive characterization of bacterial infections in prostate diseases. This study aimed to address these knowledge gaps by investigating the prevalence of bacterial infections in prostate diseases as well as prostate cancer subtypes. Methods: A retrospective study using formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) prostate biopsy tissue samples from patients diagnosed with prostatediseases. Relevant clinical information was collected, and Gram staining was performed to detect the presence of Gram-negative bacteria. Southgate's mucicarmine staining was utilized to categorize prostate cancer subtypes. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20.0. Results: Among the 50 patients included in the study, the majority (48.0%) fell within the age range of 60-69 years. Prostatic hyperplasia was the mostprevalent prostate disease (70.0%), followed by prostate cancer (28.0%). Gram-negative bacteria were identified in 56% of the FFPE. Categorization of prostate cancer subtypes using mucicarmine staining revealed that 71.4% of FFPE exhibited a positive reaction, indicating the presence of mucin. Conclusion: This study has identified bacterial infections in prostate diseases, focusing on Gram-negative bacteria, mucin positive prostate cancer subtype using mucicarmine staining were as well identified.
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Miyagi, Kouichi, Jiro Mukawa, Susumu Mekaru, Yasunari Ishikawa, Toshihiko Kinjo, and Susumu Nakasone. "Enterogenous cyst in the cervical spinal canal." Journal of Neurosurgery 68, no. 2 (1988): 292–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/jns.1988.68.2.0292.
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✓ The case of an 11-year-old Japanese girl with an intradural and extramedullary enterogenous cyst is presented. A mass giving a low-intensity signal in comparison with the spinal cord was demonstrated on magnetic resonance imaging. Histologically, the diagnosis was confirmed on specimens stained with periodic acid-Schiff, alcian blue, mucicarmine, and immunohistochemical staining of carcinoembryonic antigen, and by electron microscopy.
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Gazzoni, Alexandra Flávia, Flávio de Mattos Oliveira, Emily Ferreira Salles, et al. "Unusual morphologies of Cryptococcus spp. in tissue specimens: report of 10 cases." Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo 52, no. 3 (2010): 145–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0036-46652010000300006.
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Ten cases of cryptococcosis due to unusual microscopic forms of Cryptococcus sp. observed over a twenty-eight year period (1981-2009) are presented. The most important clinicopathological and laboratory data are tabulated. The uncommon forms of cryptococcal cells given are: structures resembling germ tube (one case), chains of budding yeasts (one case), pseudohyphae (two cases) and nonencapsulated yeast-like organisms (eight cases). The diagnosis was based on the histopathological findings. The causative organism was isolated and identified in seven cases; five were due to C. neoformans, and two to C. gattii. In addition, the importance of using staining histochemical techniques - Grocott's silver stain (GMS), Mayer's mucicarmine stain (MM) and Fontana-Masson stain (FM) - in the diagnosis of cryptococcosis is argued.
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Gazzoni, Alexandra Flávia, Cecília Bittencourt Severo, Emily Ferreira Salles, and Luiz Carlos Severo. "Histopathology, serology and cultures in the diagnosis of cryptococcosis." Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo 51, no. 5 (2009): 255–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0036-46652009000500004.
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Cryptococcosis is one of the most common opportunistic fungal infections in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). We report 13 cases of cryptococcal infection based on histopathology, serology and cultures. Epidemiological analysis, histochemical techniques of hematoxilin and eosin (HE) and Grocot's silver (GMS), as well special histochemical techniques such as Mayer's mucicarmine (MM) and Fontana-Masson (FM), cryptococcal antigen test (CrAg) and isolation on fungal media: Sabouraud's (SAB), brain-heart infusion agar (BHI) and canavanine-glycine-bromothymol blue (CGB) agar were analyzed. Unsatisfactory staining results by MM stain associated to negative titers by CrAg test, which FM stain confirmed that capsule-deficient Cryptococcus infections were observed in four cases. Eight isolated cases were identified as follows: six cases were infection with Cryptococcus neoformans and two cases were Cryptococcus gattii.
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Elster, Eric A., Jennifer Markusic, Russell Ball, et al. "Primary Acinic Cell Carcinoma of the Breast." American Surgeon 68, no. 11 (2002): 993–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000313480206801111.
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Acinic cell carcinoma (ACC) is an uncommon neoplasm of the salivary glands with low malignant potential. Even rarer is the occurrence of primary ACC of the breast, there is only one previously documented case. We now describe the second case of a primary carcinoma of the breast with morphological, ultrastructural, and immunohistochemical features consistent with an ACC. In contrast to the previous case report we report the lack of encapsulation of the tumor and a spectrum of cell types within the tumor including cells resembling well-differentiated infiltrating ductal carcinoma. Additionally we did not observe the abundant nuclear abnormalities noted in the previously published case. We report for the first time the mucicarmine-staining pattern of this tumor as well as immunohistochemistry directed against cytokeratin 7, the estrogen receptor, and the progesterone receptor.
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Johnson, Keely, Umaima Dhamrah, Aisha Amin, and Joseph Masci. "Case Report: A Great Mimicker of Neoplasm: Pulmonary Cryptococcosis in an Immunocompetent Host After High-Altitude Descent." American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 105, no. 2 (2021): 454–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.21-0238.
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ABSTRACT. Cryptococcus exposure in certain global regions is common and yet virulence in the immunocompetent host remains rare. Radiological findings of pulmonary cryptococcosis may include nonspecific lung nodules or masses indistinguishable from lung cancer or pulmonary tuberculosis. We present a case of an immunocompetent diabetic female who presented with progressively worsening pleuritic chest pain and cough with travel between Tibet and New York 2 months earlier. Chest imaging demonstrated a large lobulated mass, acid-fast bacillus smears were negative, and our patient underwent pulmonary biopsy, which grew rare budding yeast later confirmed by mucicarmine staining as Cryptococcus. Our patient was successfully treated with fluconazole therapy. We hypothesize that the high altitude of Tibet may allow for clinical latency followed by symptomatic reactivation on descent. A raised index of suspicion for pulmonary cryptococcosis with careful attention to travel history is expected to facilitate timely diagnosis.
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KARATEKE, A., A. GURBUZ, C. KABACA, A. ALKAN, G. KIR, and H. CETINER. "Uterine liposarcoma in a young woman: a case report." International Journal of Gynecologic Cancer 15, no. 6 (2005): 1230–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/ijgc-00009577-200511000-00047.
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Liposarcoma of uterus is a very rare neoplasm encountered generally in the sixth or seventh decade of life. We reported the eighth case of uterine liposarcoma with extension to broad ligament in a 23-year-old woman who presented with pelvic pain, dysuria, and rapidly enlarging pelvic mass. During laparotomy, the mass was detected to be originated from the uterine cervix. In frozen section, no definitive diagnosis was established, and for preservation of fertility, extirpation of the mass was performed. The histopathologic examination of the specimen revealed liposarcoma. The tumor cells were diffusely and intensively immune reactive for vimentin and S-100, and negative for smooth muscle actin, desmin, h-caldesmon, pan cytokeratin, and CD10. Staining with periodic acid and Schiff, alcian blue, mucicarmine, and epithelial membrane antigen (EMA) were negative. No recurrence was detected in the postoperative seveth month. Present case is the youngest patient with uterine liposarcoma and also the first case detected in reproductive period.
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Begum, Faeeza, and Shaista Choudhary. "Morphological spectrum of salivary gland tumors withspecial reference to mucin stains." IP Journal of Diagnostic Pathology and Oncology 6, no. 4 (2021): 267–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.18231/j.jdpo.2021.057.
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Salivary gland neoplasm are rare and constitute about 3% of all head and neck neoplasms. Mucins are altered in pathological states and are stained by special stains like Periodic Acid Schiff, Alcian Blue and Mucicarmine. To study the histomorphology of resected salivary gland tumors and mucin staining pattern wherever indicated. Surgically resected specimens received at our tertiary care hospital and subjected to histopathological examination. Specimens were fixed in 10% formalin, processed and embedded in paraffin blocks, serially cut to get sections of 3-5 microns thickness. Stained with hematoxylin and eosin for all. Mucin stains were used wherever applicable. Total number of cases studied were 70. Out of which 46 were benign (65.7%) and 24 were malignant (34.3%). Among benign tumours, Pleomorphic adenoma was the commonest tumour (48.57), followed by Warthin tumor (7.14%), Basal cell adenoma (4.28%), Myoepithelioma (1.43%), Oncocytoma (1.43%), Hemangioma (1.43%), Sailolipoma (1.43%). The Mucoepidermoid carcinoma was the most common malignant tumor (17.14%) followed by Adenoid cystic carcinoma (5.71%), Acinic cell carcinoma (4.28%), Polymorphous adenocarcinoma (1.43%), Epithelial myoepithelial carcinoma, Squamous cell carcinoma (1.43%), Salioblastoma (1.43%), Lymphoma (1.43%). Parotid was most common site for both benign and malignant tumor. Females are affected more commonly than males. Mucin staining pattern was noted. Salivary gland tumors have complex range of morphological spectrum. Histopathological examination is the golden standard for diagnosis and mucin stain would add as an adjunct to the diagnosis.
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Yavuz, E., Y. OzlÜK, S. KÜÇÜCÜK, et al. "Radiation-induced benign glandular cells in posthysterectomy smears: a cytomorphologic and clinical analysis." International Journal of Gynecologic Cancer 16, no. 2 (2006): 670–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/ijgc-00009577-200603000-00034.
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In this retrospective study, we aimed to investigate the frequency and cytomorphologic characteristics of benign glandular cells (BGCs) in hysterectomized individuals. We also discussed the possible effect of radiation therapy on these cells. We reviewed our cytopathology archive material through a 5.5-year period and found 1460 posthysterectomy vaginal smears. Of these, 508 smears were from patients who had undergone hysterectomy for a gynecological malignancy. Review of this vaginal cytology material revealed 17 posthysterectomy patients whose smears contained BGCs. We obtained detailed clinical information in 16 of these. In addition to routine Papanicolaou staining, mucicarmine stain was also used to demonstrate cytoplasmic mucin in some cases. All the patients had a history of gynecological malignancy and had radiation therapy. Glandular cells appeared singly or in rows and honeycomb groups and did not show cytologic atypia. We concluded that radiation might give rise to a metaplastic process in which basal cells of squamous epithelium of the vagina transform into glandular cells. Most probably this process is independent of radiation dosage and period and is irreversible. We also propose that the possibility of encountering glandular cells in posthysterectomy smears is higher than expected, if the mucin stains have been used for the microscopic examination.
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Bonnier, Alyssa, Mufaddal Najmuddin, Michael D. Curry, Anum Nida, and Biplab K. Saha. "A Curious Case of Clear Cell Morphology in a Patient with Lung Cancer: Diagnostic Challenges." Prague Medical Report 125, no. 2 (2024): 138–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.14712/23362936.2024.12.
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An 82-year-old woman with COPD presented to the emergency department with cough, increasing sputum production, wheezing, and worsening shortness of breath for two weeks. On imaging studies, the patient was found to have a right upper lobe spiculated nodule and an endobronchial lesion with near total occlusion of the right lower lobe bronchus with sub-segmental atelectasis. Bronchoscopy with EBUS-TBNA of subcarinal and right hilar lymph nodes revealed lung cancer with clear cell phenotype. Given the predominance of clear cell morphology, the diagnosis of metastatic renal or ovarian cancer was entertained. However, there was no evidence of renal or ovarian lesions on the PET-CT scan, ruling out the possibility. Salivary gland type lung cancer (STLC), which is responsible for less than 1% of all lung cancer cases in adults, was also considered. The two distinct STLCs that may have similar morphologic appearances are hyalinizing clear cell carcinoma (HCCC) and mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC). The other type of tumour in the lung that demonstrates a clear cell phenotype is perivascular epithelioid cell neoplasms or PEComa, which are mesenchymal in origin. Immunohistochemical staining was strongly positive for p63, CK5/6, CK7, CK-LMW, and negative for TTF-1, Napsin A, p16, and CK20. Additional staining, including HMB-45, S-100, and mucicarmine, were also negative. Next-generation sequencing for the salivary gland fusion panel, including EWSR1-ATF1 fusion and <EWSR1 gene rearrangement for HCCC and MAML2 gene rearrangements for MEC, was negative. She was diagnosed with non-small cell lung cancer favouring squamous cell carcinoma with clear cell phenotype, a rare entity.
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Narmada, M., S.J. Vishnupria, C. Shashikala, and Sukumaran Geetha. "A Study on Mucin Histochemistry in Normal and Neoplastic Salivary Glands." International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 16, no. 12 (2024): 1614–19. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14634358.
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<strong>Introduction:</strong> Neoplasms occurring in salivary glands are relatively rare accounting for 6% of all head and neck tumors. Due to their various histological characteristics in individual lesions, the existence of multiple types and variations, and overlapping histological patterns that resemble those seen in other tumour entities, salivary gland tumours are comparatively rare and present a significant diagnostic challenge. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) can improve the accuracy and be a useful tool to investigate cases that cannot be evaluated by histological examination This study’s objectives are to evaluate the various mucin staining patterns in both normal and malignant salivary glands, as well as to investigate the types of mucins and variations in their expression. <strong>Methodology:</strong> Around 134 samples, comprising both normal and malignant salivary glands, were gathered throughout the study period. Slides coated with egg albumin were used to capture sections that were submerged in a tissue flotation bath. Stored for one to two hours at 60 degrees Celsius in an incubator before being stained. Alcian blue at pH 1 and pH 2.5, Periodic Acid Schiff (PAS), Haematoxylin and Eosin (H&E), Aldehyde Fuchsin (AF), Combined PAS-AB, and Mucicarmine (MUC) were the staining agents utilized. <strong>Results:</strong> Therefore, sialomucin was the most common mucin found in pleomorphic adenoma sections. Sulpho mucin was therefore the most common mucin found in mucoepidermoid cancer. The pseudocystic spaces and hyaline-like regions in adenoid cystic carcinoma were positive for all stains showing both sulpho and sialo mucins. Five acinic cell carcinoma revealed that they were positive for all stains, with a preponderance of sialo and sulpho mucins. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> The goal of the current study was to investigate mucins and comprehend how they are expressed in both healthy and malignant salivary glands, not to categorize or discuss the nature of classification. The current study leads to the following conclusions. As the tumor becomes more malignant, the expression of mucin changes. Mucin histochemistry is helpful in assessing the malignant potentiality of tumors. Pattern/Type of mucin expression can be used as an adjunct in differentiating benign and malignant salivary gland neoplasms. Mucin histochemistry can be used in cases, which are difficult to diagnose, by routine H&E staining.
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Guo, Xin, Jiro Watanabe, Hiroaki Nakatani, Kei Fukushima, and Sohsuke Yamada. "Mucinous myoepithelioma: A report of a new variant." SAGE Open Medical Case Reports 8 (January 2020): 2050313X2094056. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2050313x20940567.
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Myoepitheliomas account for approximately 1.5% of all salivary gland tumors and arise most frequently from the parotid gland. Recently, a new myoepithelioma variant, called mucinous myoepithelioma, has attracted widespread attention. These tumors are recognized as a unique subtype of myoepithelioma, characterized by the presence of abundant mucin. We herein report the findings of an 86-year-old Japanese woman who presented with a hard mass of the right parotid gland behind her right ear which was gradually increasing in size. The patient had undergone a fine-needle aspiration biopsy 4 years earlier, and a cytological evaluation of a biopsy specimen had shown features of pleomorphic adenoma. A resection was thus performed and the tissue was found to be an encapsulated, soft and solid mass, and the cut surface was observed to be a capsulated and well-defined tumor lesion with myxoid-looking foci of gray-white coloration. Microscopic examination revealed that this lesion was composed of a proliferation of bland-looking epithelial and myoepithelial cells, arranged in a solid or reticular growth fashion in an abundant myxomatous or hyalinized stroma. These neoplastic epithelial cells had centrally located small nuclei with fine chromatin and abundant clear to eosinophilic cytoplasm, often containing mucin in a uniform pattern. Immunohistochemical staining demonstrated the tumor cells to be positive for AE1/AE3, S-100 and mucicarmine. Our findings suggest this case to be one myoepithelioma variant of mucinous myoepithelioma, and more experience related to this myoepithelioma variant is necessary to better understand its biological behavior and make an accurate diagnosis for a proper treatment.
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Bellamkonda, V., S. R. Avalos Hernandez, and V. Dal Zotto. "Stratified Mucin Producing Intraepithelial Lesion (SMILE): Report of Two Cases." American Journal of Clinical Pathology 154, Supplement_1 (2020): S41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajcp/aqaa161.086.
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Abstract Introduction/Objective Stratified mucin producing intraepithelial lesion (SMILE) is an uncommon variant of adenocarcinoma in-situ (AIS), often confused with immature squamous metaplasia or high-grade intraepithelial lesion (HG-SIL). This premalignant lesion is often found in proximity to HG-SIL, AIS and invasive carcinomas. SMILE is also a precursor for Invasive Stratified Mucinous Carcinoma. As was first described in the original article, SMILE lesions are considered derived from the reserve cells at the transformation zone where HPV infections lead to varied phenotypes. Methods Two cases of SMILE were collected from our files. A 31-year-old female with a previous abnormal Pap smear result. She underwent cervical biopsy and subsequent LEEP.The second patient, a 26-year-old female, underwent a cervical biopsy after an abnormal Pap smear. Results Histologically, stratified cells with presence of conspicuous mucin production with abundant cytoplasm separating cells in mid and lower layer of epithelium accompanied with conspicuous spacing of nuclei in the lower to middle epithelial layer are seen. Additionally, there is nuclear pleomorphism with absence of gland formation. Mucicarmine stain was performed and showed positive staining in mucin producing dysplastic cells throughout the epithelium. Immunoperoxidase stains demonstrated positivity for p16 (nuclear and cytoplasmic) and p63 in the basal cells. The Ki67 proliferation index was high (approximately 90%). These results supported the diagnostic interpretation of SMILE. Conclusion SMILE is a rare variant of glandular precursor lesion in the cervix. It is frequently associated with HG-SIL and/or AIS, but may rarely appear as an isolated finding. The differential diagnosis include adenocarcinoma in-situ, atypical immature squamous metaplasia and squamous intraepithelial lesion. Since these lesions are cervical glandular intraepithelial neoplasms, the morphologic recognition of a SMILE in a biopsy is important for patient follow up, particularly in cases were only squamous intraepithelial lesion is present in the sample.
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Lee, Seul Yi, Yong Jung Song, Geewon Lee, et al. "Pulmonary cryptococcosis masquerading as lung metastasis in gynecologic cancers: Two case reports." Medicine 102, no. 47 (2023): e36274. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/md.0000000000036274.
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Rationale: Pulmonary cryptococcal infections occur mainly in immunocompromised individuals, such as those with malignancies. Preoperative diagnosis of pulmonary cryptococcosis (PC) can be challenging for both clinicians and radiologists because of nonspecific clinical manifestations and variable radiologic features, as it is easily misdiagnosed as metastatic lung cancer. Patient concerns: In case 1, a 76-year-old woman with a history of cervical cancer presented with lung nodules detected on chest computed tomography (CT) 13 months after completing concurrent chemoradiotherapy. In case 2, a 56-year-old woman with a history of ovarian cancer presented with pulmonary nodules on chest CT 19 months after completing chemotherapy. Both patients were clinically asymptomatic, and tumor markers were not elevated. Diagnoses: In case 1, chest CT revealed multiple enhanced nodules with lobulated margins in the left lower lobe, and positron emission tomography (PET)-CT showed uptake in the nodule with a standardized uptake value of 3.7. In case 2, chest CT revealed several nodules in the right upper lobe abutting the right major fissure, and PET-CT revealed fluorodeoxyglucose uptake in the nodules. Pathology revealed granulomatous inflammation with cryptococcal infection, and mucicarmine and periodic acid-Schiff staining confirmed cryptococcal infection in both cases. Interventions: Presumptive diagnoses of lung metastases were made in both cases and thoracoscopic lobectomy was performed. Postoperatively, the patients received antifungal therapy with fluconazole. Outcomes: PC was differentially diagnosed and effectively managed. The patients remained disease-free for both PC and gynecological cancers during subsequent follow-ups. Lessons: Recognition that PC can mimic lung metastasis is important for managing gynecological cancers. PC should be considered in the differential diagnosis when single or multiple nodules are detected on chest radiography without elevation of tumor markers in patients with gynecological cancer.
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Chandanwale, Shirish S., Shruti S. Vimal, Mohit Rajpal, and Neha Mishra. "A Unique Case of Diffuse Histiocytic Proliferations Mimicking Metastatic Clear Cell Carcinoma in the Hydrocele Sac." Journal of Laboratory Physicians 6, no. 01 (2014): 043–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0974-2727.129091.
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ABSTRACTReactive histiocytic proliferations are extremely rare in paratesticular structures. Nodular histiocytic proliferations have been described in mesothelial-lined locations and only at few nonmesothelial sites. Diffuse histiocytic proliferations are described only in the pelvic peritoneum. We report the first case of diffuse histiocytic proliferation in the hydrocele sac of a 45-year-old man. Predominant histiocytes showed clear cytoplasm and signet ring-like change. Mucicarmin stain did not demonstrate mucin in the cytoplasm. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining showed nonspecific staining of these cells with carcinoembryonic antigen and negative staining with epithelial membrane antigen, pan-Cytokeratin, calretinin, cytokeratin 7, 20 and prostate-specific antigen. Strong diffuse cytoplasmic positivity for CD68 defined the mononuclear phagocyte nature of these cells. Diffuse histiocytic proliferations can occur in the hydrocele sac. Histochemical and IHC stainings are critical for accurate diagnosis and to avoid unnecessary surgery.
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Maganito, Sandy, and Jose Carnate. "Acantholytic Squamous Cell Carcinoma." Philippine Journal of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery 36, no. 2 (2021): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.32412/pjohns.v36i2.1823.
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A 63-year-old Filipino man presented with a one-month history of painful ulceration on the alveolar socket of a molar tooth of the right hemimandible. The patient consulted at a tertiary hospital, where he underwent incisional biopsy.
 
 Microscopically, the biopsy specimen showed neoplastic cells arranged in a pseudoglandular alveolar pattern with cystic spaces lined with atypical polygonal cells. (Figure 1) Detached “glassy” keratinocytes which are dyskeratotic acantholytic cells were seen within these cystic spaces. (Figure 2) Areas with features of more conventional squamous cell carcinoma, i.e., intercellular bridges and abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm, were also present. (Figure 3) Immunohistochemical staining for p40 showed diffuse nuclear positivity. (Figure 4) Given these findings, a diagnosis of acantholytic squamous cell carcinoma (ASCC) was made.1
 
 Acantholytic squamous cell carcinoma (historically known as adenomatoid squamous cell carcinoma or adenoacanthoma) is a histologic variant of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) that most often presents as an ulcer on sun-exposed areas, mostly in elderly males.1,2 ASCCs of the oral cavity are rare, with fewer than 60 cases reported in the literature.3 In a series of 55 cases describing intraoral ASCCs, the most common sites of ASCC were the tongue (24/55) and the maxilla/maxillary gingiva and/or palate (11/55).3
 
 The presence of a pseudoglandular or alveolar pattern might suggest the diagnosis of an adenocarcinoma. However, the findings of tumor lobules with a distinctly squamoid morphology, along with the presence of intercellular bridges, will point to the correct diagnosis. Furthermore, ASCC does not present with intracellular mucin, clear cells, and intermediate cells – an important distinguishing point with mucoepidermoid carcinoma. The absence of true glands also militates against the differential diagnosis of an adenosquamous carcinoma.1
 
 Although the diagnosis of ASCC may be established through histomorphology alone, p40 immunohistochemistry – a useful marker for squamous cell differentiation - strengthens the diagnosis.4 Loss of E-Cadherin expression – a protein involved in cell adhesion and binding - is usually seen in the discohesive cells but may be retained in the well differentiated areas.2 Absence of staining with mucicarmine and CD34 will help rule out mucoepidermoid carcinoma and angiosarcoma, respectively.1,2 The authors felt that the latter two differential diagnoses could be excluded on the basis of the light microscopic features present in the case along with the demonstration of diffuse p40 positivity. It is granted however that in resource-rich settings, these other ancillary diagnostic tests may prove helpful especially for morphologically ambiguous cases or cases with less tissue volume.
 
 Current studies show no statistically significant difference in the overall survival rate of ASCCs versus that of conventional SCC.3 ASCC is treated in the same manner as conventional SCC.1 The importance of recognizing this variant lies in ensuring that it is not mistaken for its other non-squamous morphological mimics.
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Venyo, Anthony Kodzo-Grey. "Signet Ring Cell Carcinoma of the Prostate Gland: A Review and Update." Cancer Research and Cellular Therapeutics 5, no. 3 (2021): 01–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.31579/2640-1053/082.
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Signet-ring cell carcinoma of the prostate gland (SRCCP) an uncommon and aggressive malignant tumour of the prostate gland which is characterized by histopathology examination features of compression of the nucleus into the form of a crescent by a large cytoplasmic vacuole. SRCCPs that have so far been reported have been either (a) primary tumours, metastatic tumours with the primary tumour elsewhere with the gastro-intestinal tract being the site of the primary tumour but the primary tumour could originate elsewhere, and additionally some reported SRCCPs have been classified as carcinoma of unknown primary. SRCCP could be a pure tumour or a tumour that is contemporaneously associated with other types of tumour including various variants of adenocarcinoma. SRCCP can manifest in various ways including: Incidental finding following prostatectomy that has been undertaken for a presumed benign prostatic hyperplasia, lower urinary tract symptoms, visible and non-visible haematuria, raised levels of serum PSA but some SRCCPs have been diagnosed with normal / low levels of serum PSA, there may be a history of dyspepsia in cases of metastatic signet-ring cell carcinoma in association with contemporaneous primary signet-ring cell carcinoma of the stomach or there may be a past history of surgical treatment for signet-ring cell carcinoma of the gastrointestinal tract, or bleeding from the gastrointestinal tract in cases of upper gastrointestinal tract and rectal bleeding as well as change in bowel habit for primary tumours of the anorectal region, retention of urine, and rarely a rectal mass in the case of SRCCP with an anorectal primary tumour. In order to exclude a primary signet ring cell carcinoma elsewhere, a detailed past medical history is required as well as radiology imaging including contrast – enhanced computed tomography (CECT) scan and contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (CEMRI) scan as well as upper gastrointestinal endoscopy and colonoscopy to exclude a primary lesion within the gastrointestinal tract. Diagnosis of SRCCP requires utilization of the histopathology and immunohistochemistry examination features of prostate biopsy, prostatic chips obtained from trans-urethral resection of prostate specimen or radical prostatectomy specimen. SRCCPs upon immunohistochemistry staining studies tend to show tumour that tend to exhibit positive staining for the following tumour markers as follows: PSA – positive staining for PSA has been variable in some studies, AE1/AE3, CAM 5.2, Ki-67 with a mean of 8%, PAS-diastase, Mucicarmine (50%), Alcian blue (60%), Alpha-methyl-acyl coenzyme A racemase (P504S), and Cytokeratin 5/6. SRCCPs also tend to exhibit negative staining for: Bcl2 (rare positive), and CEA (80%). Traditionally the treatment of Primary Signet-Ring Cell Carcinoma of the Prostate Gland has tended to be similar to the treatment of the traditional adenocarcinoma of the prostate gland which does include: hormonal treatment, radiotherapy, and surgery. Nevertheless, considering that primary SRCCPs and metastatic SRCCPs that have been reported in the literature have generally tended to be associated with an aggressive biological behaviour, even though there is no consensus opinion on the treatment of the disease it would be strongly recommended that these tumours that tend to be associated with rapid progress of the disease and poor survival there is an urgent need to treat all these tumours with aggressive surgery including radical prostatectomy plus adjuvant therapies including: radical radiotherapy, combination chemotherapy, selective prostatic angiography and super-selective embolization of the artery feeding the tumour including intra-arterial infusion of chemotherapy agents directly to the tumour, radiofrequency ablation of the tumour as well as irreversible electroporation of the tumour which should form part of a global multicentre study of various treatment options. With regard to metastatic signet-ring cell carcinomas of the prostate gland with a contemporaneous primary tumour elsewhere the primary tumour should also be treated by radical and complete excision of the primary tumour plus radical surgery and aggressive adjuvant therapy. Considering that SRCCPs have tendered not to respond well to available chemotherapy agents, there is need for urologists, oncologists, and pharmacotherapy research workers to identify new chemotherapy medicaments that would more effectively and safely destroy signet-ring cell tumours in order to improve upon the prognosis.
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Ryu, JK, Y.-T. Kim, IA Park, YB Yoon, and CY Kim. "Mucicarmne staining of fine needle aspirates (FNA) of cyst fluid can differentiate mucinous cystic neoplasm from other cystic lesions of the pancreas." Gastroenterology 114 (April 1998): A494. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0016-5085(98)82002-7.
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Klećkowska-Nawrot, Joanna, Karolina Goździewska-Harłajczuk, Krzysztof Stegmann, et al. "Anatomical variations in Eurasian wolf (Canis lupus lupus) (Carnivora: Canidae) of the salivary glands: A histological and histochemical investigation." PLOS ONE 20, no. 1 (2025): e0317102. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0317102.
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The study involved a gross anatomical description of the parotid gland, mandibular gland, monostomatic sublingual gland, polystomatic sublingual gland, and zygomatic gland in 12 adult Eurasian wolves (Canis lupus lupus) (wild free-ranging individuals and their zoo counterparts), including their morphometry and microscopic evaluation using hematoxylin & eosin, mucicarmine, azan trichrome, PAS, AB pH 1.0, AB pH 2.5; AB pH 2.5/PAS, and HDI stainings. Topographically, the salivary glands were located similarly to those of other terrestrial Carnivora. The parotid gland in all wolves had a shape similar to a trapezoid (four angles). The parotid duct opened onto the fourth upper premolar (P4). The parotid gland was a branched alveolar complex that produced serous secretion. In captive specimens, the mandibular gland was a complex branched tubular gland producing mucous secretion, while in free-ranging wolves it was a branched tubuloalveolar gland producing mucoserous secretion. The monostomatic sublingual gland in free-ranging wolves was a complex branched tubuloalveolar gland that produced seromucous secretion, while in captive wolves, it revealed a mucoserous secretion character. The polystomatic sublingual gland consisted of several independent packets (from 6–7 to 7–8) and was a complex branched tubuloalveolar gland with seromucous secretion. The zygomatic duct opened onto the last upper molar tooth (M3), and this gland was a complex branched tubular gland producing mucous secretion. The anatomical and histological similarities between the salivary glands of the oral cavity in captive and free-ranging wolves, compared to other terrestrial carnivores, provide valuable insights for veterinary treatments and understanding pathological conditions. These findings emphasize the need for further research on diverse populations of wolves and related species within the Canidae family to better understand the influence of diet on salivary gland morphology.
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Alcigir, Mehmet Eray, Tuncer Kutiu, and Gonka Sonmez. "Clinicopathological Evaluation of Clear Cell Hidradenoma (Acrospiroma) Within Multiple Tumor Complex in a Dog." Acta Scientiae Veterinariae 46 (November 8, 2018): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.22456/1679-9216.88224.
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Background: Clear cell hidradenoma (acrospiroma) is adnexal tumors that arise from the distal excretory duct of eccrine sweat glands. It is generally defined in humanbeings. It presents solitary structure in firmness nodule. Most frequently are encountered in head, face, and upper extremities in humans. Hidradenomas are called generally by definition benign. Their malignant transformations and metastasis are seen very rarely. In veterinary literature database, the malignant form of tumor has been defined as an unique report in four dogs. They are extremely rare tumors in dogs. It is not documented within multiple tumor complex up to now.Case: In the case, three tumors were detected in a 9-year-old neutered female German shepherd dog. After clinical examination, a complete surgical resection of all masses was performed and masses were sent to Pathology for diagnosis. A mass on the right last rib was a 8x6 cm in diameters with severe ulceration. The mass had a hard texture, immobility and irregular borders. Other masses were localized on the back and left caudo-abdominal mammary lobe. Tumors on the back and the mammary lobe did not invade muscle layer, but the tumor on the last rib aggressively invaded surrounding tissue and were very difficult to remove surgically After macroscopy, all the masses were stained with hematoxylin-eosin (H&E), Mayer’s mucicarmine and Periodic Acid Shiff (PAS) stainings. In the first mass, there were multilobular epithelial islands between prominent fibrous septa from the upper to deep of dermis. The neoplastic cells were generally round or polyhedral in shape. Some of cytoplasms were eosinophilic at different degree. But cytoplasms were generally finely granular and vesicular or clear in appearance. Some cells had possible glycogen deposits. Nucleus was oval to round and had fine reticular chromatin and a distinct nucleolus. The tumor was diagnosed as clear cell hidradenoma. Others were was belonged to hemangioma on the back and malignant mixed tumor in the mammary gland.Discussion: In our case, two cell types having benign characteristics were also noted. Some clear cells contained PAS (+) material showing glycogen deposits. Additionally, there were some fibrous septa separating those cell islands. Thus, it is thought that the histopathology shows parallelism to many reports described in human beigns. Clear cell hidradenoma described in this case is first documentation as benign counterpart on the basis of veterinary literatures even though a previous report including clear cell hidradenocarcinoma in four dogs. And also, it has been reported to be very rarely seen tumor in human beings. However, any hormonies in terms of its predilection site can not be found among the cases with clear cell hidradenoma in human counterparts, because the tumor is encountered at skin of last right rib. This situation has shown us the tumor does not select any predilection site as described in this case. It has been understood on the basis of literatures that this is the first case report of describing benign tumor of ecrine sweat duct in dogs. Also, there has been no any documentation regarding in this multiple tumor complex
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Łotocka, Barbara. "Easy, fast, cheap, informative, and pretty – staining of plant sections with Mayer’s mucicarmine and Lugol’s reagent." Acta Agrobotanica 76 (June 6, 2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/aa.767.
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Abstract A novel combination of widely used commercial histochemical reagents, Mayer’s mucicarmine and Lugol’s reagent, was applied to survey anatomical analysis of various plant organs: Euphorbia splendens stem, Hibiscus rosa-sinensis petiole, Homalocladium platycladum stem base, Phalaenopsis sp. aerial root, Rhipsalis sp. stem, Schoenoplectus lacustris stem base, and Urtica dioica stem primary structure. The staining resulted in red coloration of non-lignified cell walls and mucilage, yellow coloration of lignified cell walls and protein-rich components of the protoplasts, and dark staining of starch. The method was found to be cheap, easy, fast, and informative, and thus widely applicable in both teaching and research.
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Morrison, Larry E., Mark R. Lefever, Heather N. Lewis, Monesh J. Kapadia, and Daniel R. Bauer. "Conventional histological and cytological staining with simultaneous immunohistochemistry enabled by invisible chromogens." Laboratory Investigation, December 28, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41374-021-00714-2.
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AbstractConventional histological stains, such as hematoxylin plus eosin (H&E), and immunohistochemistry (IHC) are mainstays of histology that provide complementary diagnostic information. H&E and IHC currently require separate slides, because the stains would otherwise obscure one another. This consumes small specimen, limiting the total amount of testing. Additionally, performing H&E and IHC on different slides does not permit comparison of staining at the single cell level, since the same cells are not present on each slide, and alignment of tissue features can be problematic due to changes in tissue landscape with sectioning. We have solved these problems by performing conventional staining and IHC on the same slide using invisible IHC chromogens, such that the chromogens are not visible when viewing the conventional stain and the conventional stain is excluded from images of the IHC. Covalently deposited chromogens provided a convenient route to invisible chromogen design and are stable to reagents used in conventional staining. A dual-camera brightfield microscope system was developed that permits simultaneous viewing of both visible conventional stains and invisible IHC chromogens. Simultaneous staining was demonstrated on several formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue specimens using single and duplex IHC, with chromogens that absorb ultraviolet and near infrared light, followed by H&E staining. The concept was extended to other conventional stains, including mucicarmine special stain and Papanicoulou stain, and further extended to cytology specimens. In addition to interactive video review, images were recorded using multispectral imaging and image processing to provide flexible production of color composite images and enable quantitative analysis.
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Singh, Maneesh, Sapna Nangia, Terence Cudahy, and Ruquaya Mir. "Adjuvant conundrum in central mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the mandible: case presentation and literature review." BMJ Case Reports, September 8, 2018, bcr—2018–226380. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2018-226380.
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The cornerstone modality of treatment of central mucoepidermoid carcinoma (CMEC) of the mandible is surgery, optimally, an en bloc resection with/without segmental or hemimandibulectomy. Notwithstanding the documentation of a survival benefit in few case reports with the addition of postoperative radiotherapy in carefully selected high-risk patients, there does not exist a clearly defined consensus regarding the role of adjuvant radiotherapy. We report the case of a 49-year-old man who presented with right lower jaw swelling which on imaging was found to be a multiloculated lesion causing bony expansion and cortical destruction of the mandible and was diagnosed with CMEC after radiological and histopathological criteria were met. He underwent right hemimandibulectomy and histopathology showed squamous and mucinous cells with positive mucicarmine staining and characteristic immunohistochemistry markers confirming the diagnosis of CMEC. He subsequently underwent adjuvant radiotherapy and is disease free 5 years since treatment completion.
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Ranawat, Pavitra, Navdeep Kaur, and Ashwani Koul. "Modulation of cigarette smoke induced alterations by aqueous Ocimum sanctum leaf extract in pulmonary tissue of rodents." Scientific Reports 13, no. 1 (2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-26152-8.
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AbstractSmoking has been associated with an increased risk of asthma, lung cancer, cardiovascular diseases, chronic bronchitis, and a massive amount of oxidative stress. The present study was undertaken to determine the modulatory effects of Holi Basil/Tulsi, (Ocimum sanctum) leaf extract on cigarette smoke-induced pulmonary damage in mice. Cigarette smoke (CS) inhalation increased the levels of pulmonary lipid peroxidation, and reactive oxygen species and decreased the levels of glutathione. Histoarchitectural alterations and enhanced tissue lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity in pulmonary tissue was distinctly indicative of damage. Enhanced mucin production was also observed through mucicarmine and Alcian Blue-Periodic Acid Schiff (PAS) staining. Increased expression of MUC5AC was also observed. Alterations in the lung were also evident through FTIR studies. Administration of Ocimum sanctum leaf extract (80 mg/kg b.w) to CS exposed mice ameliorated these alterations to a greater extent. These findings are suggestive of the fact that Ocimum sanctum leaf extract effectively modulated CS-induced deleterious effects on pulmonary tissue.
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Hirose, Katsutoshi, Takumi Shibahara, Akari Teramoto, et al. "Clear Cell Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Maxillary Gingiva Associated with PIK3CA and HRAS Mutations: Report of a Case and Literature Review." Head and Neck Pathology, September 21, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12105-023-01580-8.
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Abstract Background Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is the most common oral malignancy, and somatic mutations in some driver genes have been implicated in SCC development. Clear cell SCC (CCSCC) is a rare histological variant of SCC, and various clear cell neoplasms must be considered in the differential diagnosis of CCSCC in the oral cavity. Based on a limited number of CCSCC cases reported in the oral cavity, CCSCC is considered an aggressive variant of SCC with a poor prognosis; however, its genetic characteristics remain unknown. Methods A maxillary gingival tumor in an 89-year-old female was described and investigated using immunohistochemical staining, special staining, fluorescence in situ hybridization, and next-generation sequencing (NGS) with a custom panel of driver genes, including those associated with SCC and clear cell neoplasm development. Results Histopathological examination revealed a proliferation of atypical epithelial cells with abundant clear cytoplasm and enlarged and centrally placed round nuclei. The tumor was exophytic with deep, penetrating proliferation. The atypical clear cells were continuous with the conventional SCC cells. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that the clear cells were positive for CK AE1/AE3 and CK5/6 and nuclear-positive for p63. In contrast, the clear cells were negative for αSMA, S100, HMB45, Melan-A, CD10, and p16. p53 immunoreactivity exhibited a wild-type expression pattern. Additionally, the clear cells were positive for periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) and negative for diastase-PAS, mucicarmine, and Alcian blue. Based on these results, the diagnosis of CCSCC was confirmed. Molecular analysis of the clear cells identified PIK3CA p.E542K (c.1624G>A) and HRAS p.G12A (c.35 G>C) somatic mutations classified as oncogenic. No pathogenic variants were identified in TP53, EWSR1, AKT1, PTEN, BRAF, KRAS, NRAS, RASA1, or MAML2. Conclusions We report a case of CCSCC of the oral cavity with PIK3CA and HRAS mutations. The identification of PIK3CA and/or HRAS mutations is rare in SCC; however, both mutations are important potential targets for antitumor therapy. A detailed analysis of gene mutations in CCSCC may lead to a better understanding of its biological behavior and an improved prognosis, as well as a differential diagnosis from other clear cell neoplasms.
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Choudhary, Sidhya, Ramesh kumar Mishra, Aruna Vyas, Nazneen Pathan, and Karuna Gupta. "P178 An unusual recurrent case of Cryptococcal sacroilitis in an immunocompetent elderly female in Rajasthan, India." Medical Mycology 60, Supplement_1 (2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mmy/myac072.p178.
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Abstract Poster session 2, September 22, 2022, 12:30 PM - 1:30 PM Background Cryptococcus lives in the environment all over the globe. Although it spreads via inhalation route still most of the exposed individuals never get sick as the majority of cases are seen in immunocompromised. Objective of this clinical case report is to highlight the rare fungal etiology associated with iliac bone abscess to avoid incorrect diagnosis and prompt management of case. Case Presentation A 70-year-old elderly female presented with hip pain for a month duration, not relieved with analgesics in September, 2021. In MRI a well-defined irregularly marginated hyperintense focal lesion was found in left iliac bone with joint effusion suggestive of infective etiology, tubercular, or less likely metastasis. CT-guided biopsy reported occasional hyphae-like fragments giving an impression of acute on chronic osteomyelitis with suspicion of fungal infection. Culture reported Cryptococcus neoformans. Fungal markers and Beta-d glucan were indeterminate and Galactomannan was found negative for the sample. Extrapulmonary TB was ruled out by AFB staining, MGIT Culture, and GeneXpert MTB. Bone scan, tumor markers, and PET scan ruled out osteolytic lesion secondary to metastasis. Though PET Scan and HRCT thorax confirm pulmonary involvement giving a picture of bilateral interstitial lung disease along with multiple enlarged lymph nodes. Patient serum was found negative for HIV, HBV, and HCV. Liver and renal function tests were within normal range and in hematology, ESR was raised (50; normal range:0-20). Patient is hypertensive with HbA1c of 5.3. There was no history of travel, avian exposure, weight loss, and COVID-19 infection. Patient was started on voriconazole and considering generalized lymphadenopathy, a therapeutic trial of anti-tubercular therapy was started which was stopped within a week on patient non-compliance. Abscess resolved with voriconazole and patient was discharged. In February 2022, Patient presented with similar complaints. CT scan of this fluctuant nodule depicted hypoechoic lesion which was ultrasound-guided drained. Sections show many rounds of oval fungal organism which were found PAS positive with mucicarmine and alcian blue positive capsule. Budding yeast cells were seen on KOH mount and India ink preparation demonstrated capsule which was confirmed by Cryptococcal Antigen test giving an overall impression in favor of Cryptococcosis. Patient was started on oral fluconazole and Injection liposomal amphotericin B 250 mg for 14 days. Discussion and Conclusion This is the first case of skeletal Cryptococcosis at our institution which was managed by antifungals without surgical debridement resulting in resolution of abscess. Isolated focal iliac bone cryptococcosis is unusual but may occur in immunocompetent with everyday exposure to the organism. Herein, Patient had bilateral lung involvement along with multiple lymphadenopathies with no evidence of TB bacilli which inferences that the isolate most likely originated from environmental bird droppings and has disseminated from pulmonary lesion to the iliac bone. The radiological findings of iliac cryptococcosis abscess were nonspecific. A definitive diagnosis was made on histopathological and fungal examinations of ultrasound-guided drained abscess. Patient will be followed in the near future for relapse or any other medical issues related to the case.