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Journal articles on the topic 'Mucilage'
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1
Otálora, María Carolina, Andrea Wilches-Torres, and Jovanny A. Gómez Castaño. "Extraction and Physicochemical Characterization of Dried Powder Mucilage from Opuntia ficus-indica Cladodes and Aloe Vera Leaves: A Comparative Study." Polymers 13, no. 11 (May 22, 2021): 1689. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13111689.
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Cactaceae and Asphodelaceae are native desert plants known for their high mucilage content, which is a polysaccharide of growing interest in the food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries. In this study, powdered mucilage was obtained from cladodes of Opuntia ficus-indica (OFI) and aloe vera (AV) leaves, and their molecular, morphological, and thermal properties were investigated and compared. Additionally, their dietary fiber content was determined. Three-dimensional molecular models were calculated for both mucilages using ab initio methods. Vibrational spectra (FTIR and Raman) revealed intramolecular interactions and functional groups that were specified with the help of theoretical ab initio and semi-empirical calculations. SEM micrographs measured at magnifications of 500× and 2000× demonstrated significantly different superficial and internal morphologies between these two mucilages. Thermal analysis using DSC/TGA demonstrated superior thermal stability for the OFI mucilage. The dietary fiber content in OFI mucilage was more than double that of AV mucilage. Our results show that both dehydrated mucilages present adequate thermal and nutritional properties to be used as functional ingredients in industrial formulations; however, OFI mucilage exhibited better physicochemical and functional characteristics than AV mucilage as a raw material.
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Van Rooyen, Brandon, Maryna De Wit, Gernot Osthoff, Johan Van Niekerk, and Arno Hugo. "Effect of Native Mucilage on the Mechanical Properties of Pectin-Based and Alginate-Based Polymeric Films." Coatings 13, no. 9 (September 14, 2023): 1611. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings13091611.
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Although the benefits of polymeric blend films have been well-established, mucilages’ interaction with other commercial bio-based polymers remains greatly unknown. Pectin and alginate were used to develop such polymeric blend films, with the addition of both ‘Algerian’ and ‘Morado’ cultivar freeze-dried, native mucilage precipitate. Mucilage additions at 0.25% and 1% (w/w), together with glycerol at 60% (w/w), influenced the mechanical properties of the 5% (w/w) pectin–mucilage and 5% (w/w) alginate–mucilage blend films differently. ‘Morado’ mucilage positively influenced the pectin film tensile strength (TS) and puncture force (PF) measurements, increasing the overall film strength compared to the homopolymeric pectin films. Calcium chloride (CaCl2) treatment and increasing mucilage concentration further enhanced the composite pectin–mucilage film strength. Contrasting results were obtained for alginate blend films compared to those of pectin. Studying the scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of the microstructures of CaCl2-treated pectin–mucilage and alginate–mucilage films confirmed superior microstructural film networks for pectin–mucilage films, which resulted in enhanced film strength, where the lack of polymer compatibility, as seen with alginate–mucilage, resulted in decreased film strength. These results indicate that native mucilage should be considered when developing such blend polymeric films, as it has the potential to enhance the films’ strength and elasticity.
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Alisi, Chiara, Loretta Bacchetta, Emanuel Bojorquez, Mauro Falconieri, Serena Gagliardi, Mirta Insaurralde, Maria Fernanda Falcon Martinez, et al. "Mucilages from Different Plant Species Affect the Characteristics of Bio-Mortars for Restoration." Coatings 11, no. 1 (January 11, 2021): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings11010075.
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The need for compatible materials for the preservation of cultural heritage has resulted in the revival of lime-based mortar technology and other applications. This work investigates the cohesion and integrity of lime mortars added with fresh mucilage extracted from five plants and evaluates their bioreceptivity for long-term durability. Specimens of lime mortars added with 2.5% of fresh mucilage extracted from Aloe vera, Cylindropuntia californica, Opuntia engelmannii, Opuntia ficus-indica and Salvia hispanica mucilages were analyzed for color change (colorimetry), cohesion (ultrasound measurements), integrity (X-rays) and bioreceptivity (microbiological tests).The internal structure of the specimens added with Cacti mucilages shows better compactness, and no color change was noticed in the bio-mortars also after aging. The bioreceptivity response of mortars inoculated with bacteria, fungi and a photosynthetic biofilm was quite different. Specimens added with Aloe and Cylindropuntia mucilages showed a higher extent of bioreceptivity than the control; the specimens of bio-mortars added with Opuntia engelmannii, Opuntia ficus-indica and Salvia hispanica mucilages did not appear, up to threemonths after the contamination, any microbial growth. These results indicate that the addition of mucilage improves the mortar qualities, but the choice of the plant mucilage must be carefully evaluated since it can be responsible for changes in the bioreceptivity of the mortar.
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Alisi, Chiara, Loretta Bacchetta, Emanuel Bojorquez, Mauro Falconieri, Serena Gagliardi, Mirta Insaurralde, Maria Fernanda Falcon Martinez, et al. "Mucilages from Different Plant Species Affect the Characteristics of Bio-Mortars for Restoration." Coatings 11, no. 1 (January 11, 2021): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings11010075.
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The need for compatible materials for the preservation of cultural heritage has resulted in the revival of lime-based mortar technology and other applications. This work investigates the cohesion and integrity of lime mortars added with fresh mucilage extracted from five plants and evaluates their bioreceptivity for long-term durability. Specimens of lime mortars added with 2.5% of fresh mucilage extracted from Aloe vera, Cylindropuntia californica, Opuntia engelmannii, Opuntia ficus-indica and Salvia hispanica mucilages were analyzed for color change (colorimetry), cohesion (ultrasound measurements), integrity (X-rays) and bioreceptivity (microbiological tests).The internal structure of the specimens added with Cacti mucilages shows better compactness, and no color change was noticed in the bio-mortars also after aging. The bioreceptivity response of mortars inoculated with bacteria, fungi and a photosynthetic biofilm was quite different. Specimens added with Aloe and Cylindropuntia mucilages showed a higher extent of bioreceptivity than the control; the specimens of bio-mortars added with Opuntia engelmannii, Opuntia ficus-indica and Salvia hispanica mucilages did not appear, up to threemonths after the contamination, any microbial growth. These results indicate that the addition of mucilage improves the mortar qualities, but the choice of the plant mucilage must be carefully evaluated since it can be responsible for changes in the bioreceptivity of the mortar.
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Luna-Sosa, Brenda, Guillermo C. G. Martínez-Ávila, Humberto Rodríguez-Fuentes, Ana G. Azevedo, Lorenzo M. Pastrana, Romeo Rojas, and Miguel A. Cerqueira. "Pectin-Based Films Loaded with Hydroponic Nopal Mucilages: Development and Physicochemical Characterization." Coatings 10, no. 5 (May 10, 2020): 467. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings10050467.
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Nopal is a potential source of mucilage that can be used in different food applications. One of its potential use is the development of films and coatings where it can act as a packaging material but also as a source of bioactive compounds. Therefore, this work aimed to develop and characterize pectin-based films loaded with mucilage extracted from two species of nopal, Copena F1 (Cop) and Villanueva (Vi). The obtained mucilages were denominated as materials without fibre (Copwtf and Viwtf) and with fibre (Copwf and Viwf), according to the fibre’s size. Films were produced with pectin (2% w/v), mucilage (2.5% w/v) and glycerol (0.5% w/v) by the casting method. The addition of mucilages was shown to influence the visual appearance, optical properties and morphology of the films. The presence of mucilage also changed the moisture content, water contact angle and water vapour permeability of the films. The pectin-based films without mucilage presented the best mechanical properties. Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy showed similar signals in terms of frequency and intensity, for all the films, not showing any chemical modification. Results show that the mucilage obtained from different nopal fractions can be used in pectin-based films foreseeing their use as films or coatings in food applications.
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Santos, Francislaine Suelia dos, Rossana Maria Feitosa de Figueirêdo, Alexandre José de Melo Queiroz, Yaroslávia Ferreira Paiva, Henrique Valentim Moura, Eugênia Telis de Vilela Silva, João Paulo de Lima Ferreira, et al. "Influence of Dehydration Temperature on Obtaining Chia and Okra Powder Mucilage." Foods 12, no. 3 (January 28, 2023): 569. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods12030569.
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Gum and mucilage from seeds and fruits are objects of study because they have characteristics of high viscosity at low concentrations and gelling properties, which are useful characteristics for modifying the texture and stabilizing products in the food industry. Chia and okra have high concentrations of polysaccharide gums in their composition, which makes them an interesting target for use in the composition of foods that require the use of texture enhancers and stabilizers. The present study investigated the influence of dehydration temperature on the characteristics of chia and okra powder mucilage obtained at different temperatures. The mucilages were extracted using an aqueous process and dehydrated in an air circulation oven at 50, 60, and 70 °C until hydroscopic equilibrium. Then, the powdered chia mucilage (CM) and okra mucilage (OM) were analyzed for chemical and physicochemical characteristics, bioactive compounds, antioxidant activity, and physical properties. It was found that powdered mucilage had low water content and water activity, with CM standing out in terms of ash, pectin, and starch content and OM, along with higher averages of proteins, sugars, total phenolic compounds, anthocyanins, flavonoids, and antioxidant activity. As for the physical parameters, CM stood out in relation to greater solubility and lower hygroscopicity, whereas OM presented higher wettability rates. Both powdered mucilages were classified as having good fluidity and cohesiveness from low to intermediate. In relation to the dehydration temperature, the best mucilage properties were verified at 70 °C. The study revealed that mucilages have good functional properties offering great potential as raw material for industry.
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Schallenberg, Marc, Hugo Borges, Tracey J. Bell, Simon F. R. Hinkley, and Phil M. Novis. "Dynamics of pelagic mucilage produced by the invasive, cyclotelloid diatom, Lindavia intermedia, in oligotrophic lakes of New Zealand." PLOS Water 1, no. 9 (September 8, 2022): e0000028. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pwat.0000028.
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Marine pelagic mucilages (e.g., marine snow) have been reported to a greater extent than their lacustrine counterparts. A pelagic mucilage primarily comprised of chitin secretions from the invasive centric diatom, Lindavia intermedia, has been reported since the early 2000s, primarily from large, oligotrophic pre-alpine lakes of the South Island of New Zealand. To better understand the factors related to mucilage abundance, we monitored its abundance as well as factors potentially related to mucilage production over time in four mucilage-afflicted lakes. Temporal mucilage dynamics were episodic, with peaks in abundance occurring during any season, but most often during summer and autumn. Chitin was confirmed to be an important component of the mucilage, but the chitin content varied between 1 and 12% of the mucilage dry mass in the lakes. An RT-qPCR assay for chitin synthase gene overexpression in L. intermedia showed that overexpression occurred in summer and autumn, often when peaks in mucilage abundance also occurred. A correlation between mucilage and phytoplankton abundance was only observed in one of the lakes. Both dissolved reactive and total phosphorus concentrations were often below analytical detection limits in these lakes. Nitrate concentrations were also low and showed negative correlations with mucilage abundance. This suggests either that the secrection of chitinous mucilage by L. intermedia significantly depleted the available N in the water column or that mucilage facilitated N uptake by L. intermedia and/or other microorganisms associated with the mucilage. Pelagic mucilage in New Zealand lakes shares many characteristics of other conspicuous mucilage phenomena, including lake snow and marine snow. While our correlational analyses revealed some relationships and associations with mucilage abundance, the strengths of these were quite variable, indicating that as yet unstudied mucilage loss processes in these lakes (e.g., sedimentation, disintegration, decomposition, assimilation) likely also play important roles in regulating mucilage abundance.
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Mengesha, Yohannes, Abdu Tuha, Yimer Seid, and Admassu Assen Adem. "Evaluation of Aloe weloensis (Aloeacea) Mucilages as a Pharmaceutical Suspending Agent." Advances in Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences 2021 (May 19, 2021): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6634275.
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Natural polymers, specifically mucilages, have been used as a suspending agent for a long period of time. Natural excipients can serve as an alternative to synthetic products since they are less expensive, less toxic, and devoid of environmental pollution. There are many species of Aloe found in Ethiopia which can be used as a source of mucilage. In this study, mucilage from Aloe weloensis, which is found in Wollo floristic region, was extracted and tested as a suspending agent at different suspending agent concentrations and compared with standard suspending agents (acacia and sodium carboxy methylcellulose (NaCMC)) by formulating zinc oxide suspension. The mucilage obtained from Aloe weloensis leaves has shown comparable suspending agent ability with acacia. The rate of sedimentation and viscosity was higher at 1% and 4% mucilage concentrations than acacia though the difference was not significant ( p > 0.05 ). The suspension was slightly basic and easily dispersible than NaCMC. Suspensions formulated from NaCMC were superior in terms of viscosity and sedimentation volume which was significantly different ( p < 0.05 ) accompanied by lower flow rates than suspensions formulated from acacia and Aloe weloensis mucilages. The results suggested that Aloe weloensis mucilage could be used as an alternative suspending agent.
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Zhang, Keliang, Yin Zhang, Yusong Ji, Jeffrey L. Walck, and Jun Tao. "Seed Biology of Lepidium apetalum (Brassicaceae), with Particular Reference to Dormancy and Mucilage Development." Plants 9, no. 3 (March 5, 2020): 333. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants9030333.
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Lepidium apetalum (Brassicaceae) is an annual or biennial weed widely distributed in Asia and Europe. The outer surface of L. apetalum seeds produces a large amount of mucilage. The primary aim of this study was to explore the dormancy characteristics and to determine how mucilage develops. The role of mucilage in water absorption/dehydration, the effects of after-ripening, gibberellin acid (GA3), cold stratification and seed coat scarification on germination, the role of mucilage in germination and seedling growth during drought, and the progress of mucilage production during seed development were investigated. The results indicate that the best temperature regime for germination was 10/20 °C. After-ripening, GA3 and seed coat scarification helped to break dormancy. Light promoted germination. Seedling growth of mucilaged seeds were significantly higher than those of demucilaged seeds at −0.606 and −1.027 MPa. Anatomical changes during seed development showed that mucilage was derived from the outer layer of the outer integument cells. Our findings suggest that seeds of L. apetalum exhibited non-deep physiological dormancy. The dormancy characteristics along with mucilage production give seeds of L. apetalum a competitive advantage over other species, and thus contribute to its potential as a weed. Effective control of this weed can be achieved by deep tillage.
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Pasha, Ali Zar, Shazia Anwer Bukhari, Ghulam Mustafa, Fozia Anjum, Mahr-un-Nisa, and Sameer H. Qari. "Evaluation of Modified Date Palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) Mucilage as a Potential Pharmaceutical Excipient." Journal of Food Quality 2022 (August 19, 2022): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/3923812.
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Investigation on natural sources from plants, animals, and microorganisms that produce gums and mucilages goes on increasing day by day to check their pharmaceutical applications. Different mucilages have been studied for their pharmaceutical effects but the use of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) mucilage as a pharmaceutical excipient is still under the cover. The aim of this study was therefore to evaluate and compare the flow property and binding ability of crude, purified, modified (hydrolyzed and grafted), green synthesized nanoparticles (Zinc oxide (ZnO), cuperic oxide (CuO), silver (Ag), and gold (Au)) of date palm mucilage with hydroxy propyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) and commercially available paracetamol tablets. Previously purified mucilage (with 58.4% yield) was subjected to modification (i.e., acidic, basic, and enzymatic), grafting (polyacrylamide), and green synthesis of nanoparticles. Flow properties of powdered (granular) crude, purified, modified, and nanoparticles were studied and compared with flow properties of HPMC and paracetamol tablet granules. Tablets were made using granules of all types of date palm mucilage (discussed above), HPMC, and granules of paracetamol tablets to study and compare weight uniformity, hardness, friability, dissolution rate, and disintegration time. When 100 mg/kg of mucilage sample was given to mice no oral toxicity was found. The results obtained during this study were within the acceptable ranges given in pharmacopeias. The pseudoplastic flow behavior, hygroscopic nature, increased solubility, and swelling index across the increase in temperature, hardness of the tablets, friability, and drug release behavior were found better than HPMC and the binders used in commercially available paracetamol, hence making the date palm mucilage (crude, purified, and modified) an excellent excipient to be used in pharmaceutical dosage forms.
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Read, S. J., S. T. Moss, and E. B. G. Jones. "Germination and development of attachment structures by conidia of aquatic Hyphomycetes: a scanning electron microscope study." Canadian Journal of Botany 70, no. 4 (April 1, 1992): 838–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b92-107.
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Conidia of 10 species of aquatic Hyphomycetes were examined at the scanning electron microscope level. Mucilage was produced at the tips of the arms of tetraradiate conidia and also at conidium–substratum contact points of the conidia of non-tetraradiate species. Hyphal sheaths were ubiquitous. Species that formed appressoria on artificial substrata also formed appressoria readily on wood. All appressoria were surrounded by mucilage. Additionally, conidia of Tumularia aquatica produced protoappressorium-like structures on the wood. There were marked textural differences between the mucilages on different structures that may also indicate differences in their composition. Key words: aquatic Hyphomycetes, appressoria, attachment, mucilage, scanning electron microscopy.
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G Kalaskar, Mohan, Vishal S Bagul, Sandip D. Firke, Md Mujeeb G. Khan, Kapil M. Agrawal, Piyush R. Joshi, and Sanjay J. Surana. "Isolation and Evaluation of Tamarind Seed Coat Mucilage as Pharmaceutical Suspending Agent." Journal of University of Shanghai for Science and Technology 23, no. 07 (July 5, 2021): 293–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.51201/jusst/21/07141.
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Natural polymers, specifical mucilages, have been used as a suspending agent for a long period of time. Natural excipients can serve as an alternative to synthetic products since they are less expensive, less toxic, and devoid of environmental pollution. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the mucilage isolated from Tamarindusindica (Fabaceae) seed coat, commonly named tamarind, as an innovative suspending agent. Paracetamol suspensions (10% w/v) were prepared using the T. indica seed coat mucilage as a suspending agent, and it was evaluated for parameters like physical stability, sedimentation profile, dispersibility, and flow property. Furthermore, it was assessed for its stability. The effect of the tested mucilage on the suspension was compared with commonly used suspending agents, i.e. sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) at concentrations of 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5% w/v. The results obtained indicated that the T. indica seed coat mucilage could be used as a suspending agent.
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Haile, Tsadkan Gebremeskel, Gereziher Gebremedhin Sibhat, and Fantahun Molla. "Physicochemical Characterization of Grewia ferruginea Hochst. ex A. Rich Mucilage for Potential Use as a Pharmaceutical Excipient." BioMed Research International 2020 (June 8, 2020): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/4094350.
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Gum and mucilages from natural sources are in recent times increasingly investigated for pharmaceutical applications. Different studies have shown that the gum and mucilage fraction of various species of the genus Grewia were found to be effective viscosity enhancers, stabilizers, disintegrants, suspending agents, gelling agents, bioadhesives, film coating agents, and binders. However, no study has been conducted on the potential use of Grewia ferruginea mucilage (GFM) as a pharmaceutical excipient. Therefore, this study was aimed at characterizing the Grewia ferruginea bark mucilage for its potential use as a pharmaceutical excipient. The mucilage was extracted from the Grewia ferruginea inner stem bark through aqueous extraction, precipitated with 96% ethanol, dried, and powdered. The powdered mucilage was characterized for different physicochemical properties such as powder property, loss on drying, solubility and swelling index, ash value, pH, viscosity, moisture sorption property, microbial load, and acute oral toxicity. According to the results, the percentage yield of the final dried and powdered GFM was found to be 11.96% (w/w). The density and density-related properties of the mucilage showed good powder flow property. The GFM exhibited pseudoplastic flow behavior. Moisture sorption property of GFM revealed its hygroscopic nature, and its solubility and swelling property was increased with temperature. The pH of GFM was near neutral. Microbial load of the mucilage was within the pharmacopoeial limit, and the oral acute toxicity test revealed that the mucilage is safe up to 2000 mg/kg. From the investigations of this study, it can be concluded that Grewia ferruginea bark mucilage has the potential to be utilized as an excipient in pharmaceutical formulations.
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Kaundal, Ankaj, Pravin Kumar, Rajendra Awasthi, and Giriraj T. Kulkarni. "Development of Mucoadhesive Buccal Drug Delivery System of Propranolol Hydrochloride Using Aster ericoides Mucilage." Drug Delivery Letters 10, no. 2 (April 26, 2020): 133–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/2210303109666191010164201.
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Aim: The study was aimed to develop mucoadhesive buccal tablets using Aster ericoides leaves mucilage. Background : Mucilages are naturally occurring high-molecular-weight polyuronides, which have been extensively studied for their application in different pharmaceutical dosage forms. Objective: The objective of the present research was to establish the mucilage isolated from the leaves of Aster ericoides as an excipient for the formulation of the mucoadhesive buccal tablet. Method: The mucilage was isolated from the leaves of Aster ericoides by maceration, precipitated with acetone and characterized. Tablets were prepared using wet granulation technique and evaluated for various official tests. Results: The mucilage was found to be non-toxic on A-431 and Vero cell lines. It was insoluble but swellable in cold and hot water. The results indicate that mucilage can form a three-dimensional network. The pH of the mucilage (6.82 ± 0.13) indicated that it might be non-irritant to the buccal cavity. The mucilage was found to be free from microbes. The release of drug was by Fickian diffusion. The in vivo buccal tablet acceptance was 80%. No significant difference between the diastolic blood pressure of standard and Aster tablets treated volunteer group was recorded. Conclusion: The mucilage was found to be non-toxic on A-431 and Vero cell lines. It was insoluble but swellable in cold and hot water. The results indicate that mucilage can form a three-dimensional network. The pH of the mucilage (6.82 ± 0.13) indicated that it might be non-irritant to the buccal cavity. The mucilage was found to be free from microbes. The release of drug was by Fickian diffusion. The in vivo buccal tablet acceptance was 80%. No significant difference between the diastolic blood pressure of standard and Aster tablets treated volunteer group was recorded. Other: However, to prove the potency of the polymer, in vivo bioavailability studies in human volunteers are needed along with chronic toxicity studies in suitable animal models.
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Shanware, Sidhhi, Kamlesh Wadher, Jayashree Taksande, and Milind Umekar. "Lepidium sativum Linn: Applications and Pharmaceutical Excipient Properties." International Journal of ChemTech Research 13, no. 4 (2020): 374–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.20902/ijctr.2019.130406.
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Natural gums and mucilages are familiar for their medicinal and pharmaceutical excipient properties. Mucilages from plant sources are found to be very potential, interesting and valuable in development of desired pharmaceutical dosage forms. Lepidium sativum Linn (Family Cruciferae)is oe of the mucilage containing edible annual herb used to treat various human ailments.The plant possesses flavonoids, coumarins, sulphur glycosides, triterpenes, sterols and various imidazole alkaloids. Parts of plats such as leaves, fruits and seeds along with various extracts of them have different pharmaceutical activities. Lepidium sativum seeds contains large amounts of mucilaginous constituents when soaked in water and a transparent gel forms around the whole seed. It mainly consists of polysaccharides, especially cellulose and uronic acid. Recently mucilarge obtained from its seeds been explored for its excipient property in the development and design of various pharmaceutical dosage forms. This review mainly focuses on application and pharmaceutical excipients properties of mulicage of Lepidium sativum Linn.
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Chikkappaiah, Lava, Harish Nayaka M A, Mahadevaiah ., and Prashanth Kumar G. M. "PREPARATION OF PLANT MUCILAGE CLARIFICANTS AND THEIR EFFECT ON JAGGERY PROCESSING OF SUGARCANE VARIETY Co 86032." International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences 9, no. 12 (December 1, 2017): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ijpps.2017v9i12.22377.
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Objective: The aim of the study was to prepare jaggery from sugarcane variety Co86032 using plants mucilage as clarificants and to determine the effect of plant mucilage on jaggery processing.Methods: Production of jaggery using five plant clarificants namely Aloe vera, Flax seeds, Fenugreek, Purslane and Malabar spinach at three different concentrations i.e., 0.1%, 0.2% and 0.4% of raw sugarcane juice and the jaggery prepared without any clarificants serves as control. During production, the processing parameters such as quantity of scum removed, total time taken for processing and jaggery yield was determined.Results: It was found that the jaggery prepared using plant mucilage at concentration of 0.4% found superior when compared to 0.2%, 0.1% and control respectively. Aloe vera at 0.4% removed maximum scum (4.07%), taken minimum processing time (72.33 min) and recorded maximum jaggery yield (10.92 kg). The efficacy of Aloe vera as mucilage clarificants in jaggery production was followed by fenugreek, flax seeds, purslane and Malabar spinach in the order respectively.Conclusion: The application of plants mucilage as clarificants in the jaggery production removed significant level of scum, reduced processing time and improved yield of jaggery. Therefore the selected plant mucilages can be used as clarificants in the jaggery production and can be considered as potential alternative to chemical clarificants.
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Au, D. W. T., E. B. G. Jones, S. T. Moss, and I. J. Hodgkiss. "The role of mucilage in the attachment of conidia, germ tubes, and appressoria in the saprobic aquatic Hyphomycetes Lemonniera aquatica and Mycocentrospora filiformis." Canadian Journal of Botany 74, no. 11 (November 1, 1996): 1789–800. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b96-216.
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Spore attachment of the saprobic aquatic Hyphomycetes Lemonniera aquatica and Mycocentrospora filiformis was compared on Thermanox cover slips at the scanning and transmission electron microscope levels. The strength of attachment to Perspex discs was measured with the Fowler cell adhesion measurement module. Data are presented on the initial attachment of conidia and subsequent attachment of germ tubes, hyphae, and appressoria. Attachment at all stages was mediated by mucilage. Both fungi exhibited a similar strength of initial conidial attachment, but attachment resulted from different strategies: (i) in L. aquatica, by active release of mucilage as a result of a thigmotropic response to the substratum; (ii) in M. filiformis, by a passive process involving attachment by pre-existing conidial mucilage prior to contact with the substratum. The strength of attachment increased with settlement time. A fast germination rate, concurrent with mucilage production, resulted in the firm attachment of L. aquatica conidia, while initial germination in M. filiformis was slow and this corresponded to a comparatively weaker conidial attachment. Further increase in the strength of attachment was the result of greater hyphal development, and most importantly, by appressorium formation. All these structures were enrobed in a mucilaginous sheath, although variations were observed in the morphology and texture of mucilages. This suggested differences in chemical composition of mucilage (i) between the two fungi, and (ii) among different structures of the same fungus. Keywords: aquatic Hyphomycetes, appressorium, attachment, germination, mucilage, ultrastructure.
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TOMODA, MASASHI, RYOKO GONDA, NORIKO SHIMIZU, SACHIKO AKIYAMA, and HITOMI ARAI. "Plant mucilages. XXXVII. A representative mucilage, "althaea-mucilage RL", from the leaves of Althaea rosea." CHEMICAL & PHARMACEUTICAL BULLETIN 33, no. 10 (1985): 4320–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1248/cpb.33.4320.
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SHIMIZU, NORIKO, MASASHI TOMODA, and MEGUMI ADACHI. "Plant mucilages. XXXIX A representative mucilage, "hibiscus-mucilage SL", from the leaves of Hibiscus syriacus." CHEMICAL & PHARMACEUTICAL BULLETIN 34, no. 10 (1986): 4133–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1248/cpb.34.4133.
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Western, Tamara L. "The sticky tale of seed coat mucilages: production, genetics, and role in seed germination and dispersal." Seed Science Research 22, no. 1 (September 26, 2011): 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960258511000249.
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AbstractThe production of hydrophilic mucilages by the seed coat or pericarp, which are released upon seed hydration, is a commonly found adaptation in angiosperms, known as myxodiaspory. These are composed primarily of pectins and hemicelluloses that undergo substantive swelling upon hydration. Synthesized in the Golgi apparatus and secreted to an apoplastic space via secretory vesicles, mucilages can also contain cellulose microfibrils or cellulosic fibres that are synthesized at the plasma membrane in association with microtubules. Investigation of mucilage production in, and differentiation of, the mucilage secretory cells of the genetic model plantArabidopsis thalianahas identified a number of regulatory genes and enzymes involved in pectin synthesis and secretion,in muropectin modification and secondary cell wall synthesis. Studies of the role of mucilages in both a number of species and in Arabidopsis mutants affected in its production suggest that they have multiple ecological roles. These include facilitation of seed hydration, mediation of germination under waterlogged conditions, prevention of seed dispersal or predation by adherence to soil, and promotion of seed dispersal by attachment to animals. The precise role of mucilages appears to be dependent on species and their environmental context.
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PC, Rathi, and Biyani KR. "Formulation and Evaluation of Natural Excipient-based Mucoadhesive Salbutamol Sulphate Tablets." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DRUG DELIVERY TECHNOLOGY 14, no. 01 (March 25, 2024): 188–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.25258/ijddt.14.1.28.
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When creating a mucoadhesive sustained-release formulation for oral consumption, aquaphilic matrices are a captivating option to consider. These aquaphilic matrices are used to release water-soluble and water-insoluble drugs. Gums and mucilages used in the current study are linseed mucilage (LM) and tamarind seed polysaccharide (TSP). The present work aims to focus on the possibilities of using these polysaccharides to prepare a new medication delivery system. The aim of the research was to make a salbutamol sulfate mucoadhesive tablet for the treatment of asthma. The wet granulation method was adopted for the formulation of the salbutamol sulfate mucosal adhesive tablet. Mucosal adhesive tablets were assessed for multiple parameters. The drug release is low as the amount of gums and mucilages is high. A mucoadhesive tablet containing linseed mucilage and chitosan exhibits good mucoadhesive performance and in-vitro drug release. Optimized formulation FM1 fits the Higuchi plot of release kinetics
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Mutlu, Sebnem, Berkay Kopuk, and Ibrahim Palabiyik. "Effect of Cold Atmospheric Pressure Argon Plasma Jet Treatment on the Freeze-Dried Mucilage of Chia Seeds (Salvia hispanica L.)." Foods 12, no. 8 (April 7, 2023): 1563. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods12081563.
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In the present study, the effects of the treatment of chia seeds with a cold atmospheric pressure plasma jet (CP) using argon as a working gas for different times (30, 60, and 120 s) on the rheological, structural, and microstructural properties of the freeze-dried mucilages at −54 °C were investigated. All mucilage gels showed pseudoplastic flow behavior, and CP treatment of chia seeds increased the viscosity of mucilages, probably due to the cross-linking between polymer molecules. The dynamic rheological analysis revealed that all mucilages were elastic gels and that CP treatment improved the elastic properties in a treatment time-dependent manner. Large amplitude oscillatory shear (LAOS) results showed that freeze-dried mucilages showed Type I strain-thinning behavior. Similar to small amplitude oscillatory shear (SAOS) results, CP treatment has affected and improved the large deformation behavior of mucilages depending on treatment time. Meanwhile, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) revealed the incorporation of hydroxyl groups onto the surface and the formation of C-O-C glycosidic bonds during plasma treatment. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) micrographs showed the formation of denser structures with CP treatment time. Regarding color properties, CP treatment decreased the lightness values of mucilages. Overall, this study showed that CP is an effective way to modify both the SAOS and LAOS properties of freeze-dried chia mucilage and improve viscosity.
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TOMODA, MASASHI, and ME ICHIKAWA. "Plant mucilages. XL. A representative mucilage, "Hibiscus-mucilage SF", from the flower buds of Hibiscus syriacus." CHEMICAL & PHARMACEUTICAL BULLETIN 35, no. 6 (1987): 2360–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1248/cpb.35.2360.
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Archana, ,., Abhishek Suman, and Vijay Singh. "An Inclusive Review on Mucilage: Extraction Methods, Characterization, and its Utilization for Nanocarriers Manufacturing." Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics 12, no. 1-S (February 15, 2022): 171–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v12i1-s.5210.
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Mucilages have attracted a lot of study and commercial interest as a result of the growing interest in natural ingredients. Mucilages are polysaccharide hydrocolloids having a wide range of physicochemical and structural properties, as well as functional and health benefits. Plant-derived mucilage has been discovered to be a natural thickening and emulsifier, as well as a substitute for manufactured polymers and chemicals. It is used as an edible coating to increase the shelf life of fresh vegetables and fruits, as well as many other food products, because it is an invisible barrier that separates the surface from the surrounding atmosphere. Mucilage can also be utilised to make nanocarriers in addition to its functional features. The most extensively used traditional and developing extraction and purification procedures are explained in this overview, which is supplemented with information on the important criteria for determining the physicochemical and functional qualities of mucilages. The biodegradable and biocompatible features of these low-cost excipients make them more suitable for the development of innovative formulations. Understanding the ecological, economic, and scientific aspects that influence production, as well as the efficacy of mucus as a multi-directional agent, will allow it to be used in a variety of businesses.
Keywords: Bioactive compounds, Mucilages, Extraction, Polysaccharides, Food applications, Biopolymers
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Ammons, A. R. "Mucilage." Grand Street, no. 64 (1998): 147. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/25008311.
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Elshewy, Ahmed, Federica Blando, Hammam Bahlol, Ahmed El-Desouky, Palmira De De Bellis, and Ibrahim Khalifa. "Egyptian Opuntia ficus-indica (OFI) Residues: Recovery and Characterization of Fresh Mucilage from Cladodes." Horticulturae 9, no. 7 (June 23, 2023): 736. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae9070736.
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The utilization of biopolymers gained recent attention worldwide due to their effective role in producing eco-friendly and economical products. Mucilage from Opuntia ficus-indica (OFI, and other succulent plants) has the capacity to absorb huge amounts of water, forming a viscous colloid with interesting rheological properties. It also had the potential ability for use as food additives or food technological products. We, therefore, aimed at extracting and characterizing pure liquid mucilage from the cladodes of OFI (Egyptian variety) using multidimensional approaches including HPLC-RID, FTIR, XRD, NMR, DSC, and TGA assays. The chemical composition, total polyphenols, total flavonoids, total flavonols, and antioxidant capacity by DPPH and ABTS assays were also measured. HPLC-RID analysis showed that the mucilage’s sugars are composed of glucose, xylose, rhamnose, galacturonic acid, arabinose, galactose, and fucose with total sugars of 0.375 mg/mL, which were subsequently confirmed by FTIR and NMR results. The specific signals of these sugars were also observed in 13C and 1H NMR spectra and their chemical fingerprint was obtained by FTIR. XRD patterns showed that mucilage has high calcium content, and the glass transition temperature was observed at 85.9 °C. Meanwhile, total phenolic content, flavonoids, and flavonols were about 7.96 mg GAE/g FW, 3.61 mg QE/g FW, and 1.47 mg QE/g FW, respectively. The antioxidant capacity of mucilage was around 26.15 and 22.5 µmol TE/g FW for DPPH and ABTS methods, respectively. It can be concluded that OFI cladode mucilage showed promising properties that would improve and open new opportunities and trends in the food, pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and other industries. The use of pure liquid mucilage could also be economically profitable due to its low cost, availability, and effectiveness for many edible applications.
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Boban, Puthenpura T., Bala Nambisan, and Perumana R. Sudhakaran. "Hypolipidaemic effect of chemically different mucilages in rats: a comparative study." British Journal of Nutrition 96, no. 6 (December 2006): 1021–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/bjn20061944.
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Different classes of fibres differ in their potential to lower lipid levels. In order to examine how chemically diverse fibres differ in their hypolipidaemic activity, mucilages of varying chemical composition isolated from three different sources were administered to experimental animals and the metabolism of lipids and lipoproteins was studied. The mucilages used were a galactomannan isolated from fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum) seeds, a glucomannan fromDioscorea esculentatubers and an arabinogalactan fromColocasia esculentatubers. Rats were fed these mucilages at a dose of 4 mg/100 g body weight per d for 8 weeks and the changes in the levels of total cholesterol and triacylglycerols in serum, liver and aorta were analysed. All these mucilages decreased lipid levels both in serum and tissues. Among these mucilages, glucomannan showed the most hypolipidaemic effect followed by galactomannan and arabinogalactan. Further, hepatocytes were isolated from the livers of mucilage-fed rats and the synthesis and secretion of lipoproteins were studied using metabolic labelling. There was a decrease in the synthesis and secretion of apoB-containing lipoproteins, mainly VLDL, by hepatocytes isolated from mucilage-fed rats when compared to control (P < 0·05). This was further confirmed by pulse chase analysis. Among the different mucilages, mannose-rich glucomannan showed the most effect followed by galactomannan, and mannose-free arabinogalactan showed minimal effect. Comparison of relative viscosity and water-holding capacity showed that mannan-rich mucilages like galactomannan and glucomannan, which showed greater hypolipidaemic effect, had greater relative viscosity and water-holding capacity. The present results suggested that the hypolipidaemic effect of dietary fibre involves a decrease in hepatic production of VLDL and further that it varies with the nature of the fibre.
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TOMODA, MASASHI, NORIKO SHIMIZU, and RYOKO GONDA. "Plant mucilages. XXXVI. Isolation and characterization of a mucilage, "okra-mucilage R", from the roots of Abelmoschus esculentus." CHEMICAL & PHARMACEUTICAL BULLETIN 33, no. 8 (1985): 3330–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1248/cpb.33.3330.
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Sun, Ying, Dun Y. Tan, Carol C. Baskin, and Jerry M. Baskin. "Role of mucilage in seed dispersal and germination of the annual ephemeral Alyssum minus (Brassicaceae)." Australian Journal of Botany 60, no. 5 (2012): 439. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt11314.
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Seeds of Alyssum minus, an annual ephemeral in shrublands of north-west China, can produce a large amount of mucilage. The primary aim of this study was to explore the role of mucilage in seed dispersal, settlement onto the soil surface and germination of this species. Width of imbibed seeds with mucilage was three times greater than that of seeds without mucilage, and mass of mucilage increased 167 times after imbibition. Expanded dry mucilage significantly increased wind dispersal of seeds. Floating time on water was greatest for seeds without mucilage, and adherence of soil particles to seeds was greater for seeds with mucilage than for those without mucilage. Mucilage increased rate of water uptake and decreased rate of water loss, and it significantly decreased germination of 0- and 4-week-old seeds. Gibberellic acid promoted germination of 0- and 4-week-old seeds with and without mucilage, but its effect depended on seed age and incubation temperature. Seeds with mucilage subjected to water stress during imbibition and/or incubation germinated faster than those without mucilage. Presence of mucilage on seeds during imbibition significantly increased germination percentages under increased water stress, a first report of this phenomenon. The study has shown that the mucilage of A. minus plays an important role in seed dispersal, seed adhesion to soil (thereby minimising removal by water and predators), seed hydration via increasing surface contact with the substrate, and can serve as a water reservoir for germination, especially under moisture stress.
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Kreitschitz, Agnieszka, Alexander Kovalev, and Stanislav N. Gorb. "“Sticky invasion” – the physical properties ofPlantago lanceolataL. seed mucilage." Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology 7 (December 5, 2016): 1918–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjnano.7.183.
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The mucilage envelope of seeds has various functions including the provision of different ways for the dispersal of diaspores. Chemical composition and water content of the mucilage yield particular adhesive and frictional properties in the envelope that also influence the dispersal of seeds. To determine the physical properties ofPlantago lanceolataseed mucilage we studied (1) composition, (2) desiccation, (3) adhesion, and (4) friction properties of the mucilage under different hydration conditions. We revealed the presence of cellulose fibrils in the mucilage, which are responsible for a continuous and even distribution of the mucilaginous layer on the seed surface. The measured values of adhesive and frictional properties differed significantly in comparison to the previously studied pectic mucilage ofLinum usitatissimum. Also, the water loss from the cellulose mucilage was more rapid. The obtained different values can result from the presence of cellulose fibrils and their interaction with pectins in the mucilage. Because of this feature the mucilage ofP. lanceolatamay represent a more regularly ordered and stabile system than the pectic mucilage of flax, which lacks cellulose. In spite of the fact thatP. lanceolatamucilage revealed different adhesive and frictional properties than the pectic mucilage, it still demonstrates an effective system promoting zoochoric seed dispersal. Cellulose may additionally prevent the mucilage against loss from the seed surface.
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Du Toit, L., C. Bothma, M. De Wilt, and A. Hugo. "Replacement of gelatin with liquid Opuntia ficus-indica mucilage in marshmallows. Part 1: Physical parameters." Journal of the Professional Association for Cactus Development 18 (June 20, 2020): 25–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.56890/jpacd.v18i.51.
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The objective of this study was to replace gelatin in marshmallows with differentconcentrations of fluid mucilage, combined with different concentrations of powderedhydrocolloids. Nine different formulations were prepared: control (100% gelatin); 75%mucilage + 25% xanthan (MX); 75% mucilage + 25% agar-agar (MA); 75% mucilage + 25%guar (MG); 80% mucilage + 20% xanthan (8M2X); 80% mucilage + 20% agar-agar (8M2A);80% mucilage + 20% guar (8M2G); 75% mucilage + 12.5% xanthan + 12.5% agar-agar (MXA);75% mucilage + 12.5% xanthan + 12.5% guar (MXG); and 75% mucilage + 12.5% agar-agar+ 12.5% guar (MAG). Consistency, texture, tenderness of gel and shear measurements weredetermined, along with color (L* values, as well as C* and Hº values) and aw. There weresignificant (p<0.05) differences between the different samples for all measurements. The bestformulation for gelatin replacement was found to be the 75% mucilage + 12.5% xanthan +12.5% agar combination (MXA), as it only differed significantly (p<0.05) from the control (100%gelatin) sample in regard to shear, as measured by the Warner Bratzler Shear. It wassignificantly (p<0.05) less tender and resembled the shear of commercially availablemarshmallows in South Africa. All samples had a light, greyish yellow color.
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Kreitschitz, Agnieszka. "Mucilage formation in selected taxa of the genusArtemisiaL. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae)." Seed Science Research 22, no. 3 (July 7, 2012): 177–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960258512000098.
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AbstractThe myxocarpic diaspores ofArtemisiataxa are characterized by the presence of mucilage cells in the achene coat, which differ between taxa and subgenera in shape and arrangement, and the ability to form a mucilage envelope after hydration. A detailed analysis of 38 taxa revealed three main achene behaviours related to achene coat structure and the modes of water retention after hydration. The most common achene coat possessed mucilage cells which formed a mucilage envelope after hydration; normally developed mucilage cells were able to produce mucilage after wetting. In taxa where the mucilage cells were not present in the achene coat, water was gathered under a loosely adhered achene coat or in the spaces between the covering trichomes. Myxocarpic diaspores were mostly observed in taxa occurring in dry habitats, whereas taxa devoid of the ability to produce mucilage grew predominately in mesotropic habitats. The ability to form a mucilage envelope was also related to the ploidy level. The shape and arrangement of the mucilage cells in the achene coat may differ between taxa and subgenera. InTridentatae, the mucilage cells were dispersed in groups, forming a characteristic pattern. The role of myxocarpy in the dispersal and distribution of theArtemisiataxa is discussed.
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Bernardino-Nicanor, Aurea, José Montañez-Soto, Eloy Conde-Barajas, María Negrete-Rodríguez, Gerardo Teniente-Martínez, Enaim Vargas-León, José Juárez-Goiz, Gerardo Acosta-García, and Leopoldo González-Cruz. "Spectroscopic and Structural Analyses of Opuntia Robusta Mucilage and Its Potential as an Edible Coating." Coatings 8, no. 12 (December 15, 2018): 466. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings8120466.
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Mucilage extracted from the parenchymatous and chlorenchymatous tissues of Opuntia robusta were obtained using water or ethanol as the extraction solvent. The changes in the different tissues by using different extraction solvents were evaluated via scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and Raman spectroscopy; in addition, the effect of mucilage coating on the various quality characteristics of tomato (Lycopersicum sculentum) was evaluated. The SEM results showed that the mucilage extracted from the parenchyma had a higher aggregation level that the mucilage extracted from the chlorenchyma. The presence of three characteristic bands of pectic substances in the FT-IR spectra between 1050 and 1120 cm−1 indicated that the mucilage extracted from the parenchymatous tissue had a higher content of pectic compounds than the mucilage extracted from the chlorenchymatous tissue. It was also observed in the Raman spectra that the level of pectic substances in the mucilage extracted from the parenchymatous was higher than that in the mucilage extracted from the chlorenchymatous tissue. The mucilage extracted from the parenchymatous tissue was more effective as an edible coating than the mucilage extracted from the chlorenchymatous tissue. Tomatoes covered with mucilage showed significantly enhanced firmness and reduced weight loss. The uncoated tomatoes showed higher lycopene content than the coated tomatoes on the 21st day. This study showed that the Opuntia robusta tissue and extraction solvent influence mucilage characteristics and that Opuntia robusta mucilage is a promising edible coating.
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Zhou, Dongfang, Jacob N. Barney, and Gregory E. Welbaum. "Production, Composition, and Ecological Function of Sweet-Basil-Seed Mucilage during Hydration." Horticulturae 8, no. 4 (April 13, 2022): 327. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae8040327.
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The sweet-basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) fruit/pericarp produces mucilage that engulfs the fruit and seed within minutes of hydration. Seed mucilage is produced by plant species that have adapted to arid, sandy soils. This study was conducted to determine how basil-seed mucilage improves ecological fitness. A second objective was to find ways to remove mucilage, which may interfere with commercial planting. Basil fruit/seeds were examined using light and environmental scanning electron microscopy. Columnar structures of basil mucilage rapidly unfolded from the pericarp upon initial hydration. Dilute hydrochloric acid removed the mucilage, which decreased the water content four-fold but did not inhibit seed germination in a laboratory test. Nondestructive Fourier-transform mid-infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy confirmed that the mucilage was primarily composed of hemicellulose that anchored the basil seed to resist movement. The fully hydrated seeds approached zero water potential, so the mucilage did not interfere with hydration. The seeds that were planted in growing media with mucilage had from 12 to 28% higher seedling emergence and survival percentages after 10 days than seeds without mucilage. Basil-fruit/seed mucilage provides a reservoir of loosely bound water at high water potential for seed germination and early seedling development, thus improving survivability under low moisture.
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Korir, P. C., A. M. Salim, J. O. Odalo, W. Waudo, L. M. Gitu, and Amir O. Yusuf. "Optimization of Extraction Condition and Characterization of Malva Verticillata Root Bark Mucilage." International Journal of Chemistry 10, no. 2 (March 10, 2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijc.v10n2p1.
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The study aimed at optimizing the extraction conditions and establishing the physicochemical properties of the mucilage obtained from root bark of Malva verticillata. Effects of temperature, time, particle size and amount of water as a solvent on the yield and composition of mucilage were established. Micrometric, physical, chemical and structural properties were used to characterise the extracted mucilage. Result showed significant correlation between extraction conditions and mucilage yield. Low temperature and short extraction time results into pharmaceutically valuable mucilage with low protein content, high viscosity and good dispersion in aqueous solvent. Large and small size particles of the plant material results into low mucilage yield without significant difference (p=0.054). The mucilage shows mixed cohesiveness with less tendencies to flow. It exhibits vibration bands in FTIR that are associated with the presence of polysaccharides and proteins. The mucilage contains 2.65% protein, 13.83% inorganics, 1.85% fats, and the rest carbohydrates. High extractive value ˃80% and moisture content ˃12% implies that mucilage has high tendency to microbial attack. Optimized extraction conditions results into high yield of the mucilage with the same physicochemical properties and mineral composition regardless of the plant material sampling sites.
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Del Negro, Paola, Erica Crevatin, Chiara Larato, Carla Ferrari, Cecilia Totti, Marinella Pompei, Michele Giani, Daniela Berto, and Serena Fonda Umani. "Mucilage microcosms." Science of The Total Environment 353, no. 1-3 (December 2005): 258–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2005.09.018.
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Singh, Sudarshan, Tanvi R. Dodiya, Sangeeta Singh, Rajesh Dodiya, and Sunil B. Bothara. "Bio-based Polymer Isolated from Seeds of Buchanania lanzan Spreng with Potential Use as Pharmaceutical Mucoadhesive Excipient." International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Nanotechnology 13, no. 4 (July 12, 2020): 5028–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.37285/ijpsn.2020.13.4.9.
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This study was aimed to develop an oral bio-based mucoadhesive polymer from seeds mucilage of Buchanania lanzan spreng, belongs to family anacardiaceae. Isolated mucilage was evaluated for mucoadhesive strength and compared with existing polymer. The mucilage showed shear stress results (0.099 ± 0.0001N), with comparable adhesiveness to methocel E5 (0.098 ± 0.0008N). Force of adhesion required to detach the seed mucilage and methocel E5 tablets from the mucin of intestinal tissue were 0.0276 ± 0.0019 (N) and 0.0049 ± 0.0006 (N), respectively. Seed mucilage revealed significant (P<0.01) higher detachment time, erosion time, in-vitro wash-off time and ex-vivo residence compared to methocel E5 and lactose tablets. In vivo test indicated that seed mucilage tablets possessed good mucoadhesive strength compared to methocel E5 and resisted disintegration for ≤ 8 h. The swelling index and wetting time showed comparable results between the mucilage and synthetic polymer tablets. Mucilage demonstrated high moisture absorption, percentage hydration, and matrix erosion of 18.57 ± 0.036, 50.00 ± 0.051, and 8.30 ± 0.155 compared to methocel E5 10.0 ± 0.079, 36.00 ± 0.089, and 1.26 ± 0.085, respectively. Mucoadhesive properties of seeds mucilage were comparable to guar gum and methocel E5, thus seed mucilage of B. lanzan can be potentially exploited for usage as a bioadhesive pharmaceutical excipient.
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Saeedi, Majid, Katayoun Morteza-Semnani, and Mehdi Sagheb-Doust. "Evaluation of Plantago major L. seed mucilage as a rate controlling matrix for sustained release of propranolol hydrochloride." Acta Pharmaceutica 63, no. 1 (March 1, 2013): 99–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/acph-2013-0010.
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Polysaccharide mucilage derived from the seeds of Plantago major L. (family Plantaginaceae) was investigated for use in matrix formulations containing propranolol hydrochloride. HPMC K4M and tragacanth were used as standards for comparison. The hardness, tensile strength, and friability of tablets increased as the concentration of mucilage increased, indicating good compactibility of mucilage powders. The rate of release of propranolol hydrochloride from P. major mucilage matrices was mainly controlled by the drug/mucilage ratio. Formulations containing P. major mucilage were found to exhibit a release rate comparable to HPMC containing matrices at a lower drug/polymer ratio (drug/HPMC 2:1). These results demonstrated that P. major mucilage is a better release retardant compared to tragacanth at an equivalent content. The results of kinetic analysis showed that in F3 (containing 1:2 drug/mucilage) the highest correlation coefficient was achieved with the zero order model. The swelling and erosion studies revealed that as the proportion of mucilage in tablets was increased, there was a corresponding increase in percent swelling and a decrease in percent erosion of tablets. The DSC and FT-IR studies showed that no formation of complex between the drug and mucilage or changes in crystallinity of the drug had occurred.
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Monrroy, Mariel, Erick García, Katherine Ríos, and José Renán García. "Extraction and Physicochemical Characterization of Mucilage from Opuntia cochenillifera (L.) Miller." Journal of Chemistry 2017 (2017): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/4301901.
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The aim of this study was to extract mucilage from O. cochenillifera (L.) cacti and determine its functional and physicochemical properties. The best mucilage yield (31%) was obtained by nonthermal extraction with hydration. The mucilage has appreciable carbohydrate and protein contents. The phytochemical analysis shown the presence of alkaloids and terpenes/steroids. The Fourier transformed infrared (FT-IR) spectrum of the mucilage exhibits typical bands for carbohydrates as O–H, C–H, and –COO−. The mucilage demonstrated water- and oil-holding capacities of 2.78 g water/g dry mucilage and 1.80 g oil/g dry mucilage, respectively, these properties can have a positive effect on the texture of the products when used as a stabilizer. The mildly acidic pH (4.8–5) contributes to its emulsifying capacity. The presence of electrolytes in the mucilage can be of great value in flocculation processes. The mucilage forms low viscosity solutions in the same manner as gum Arabic. Finally, its potential for use as a textile dye remover was evaluated, achieving a 70% removal rate from aqueous solutions. The prepared mucilage exhibits properties that recommend it as a natural material that can be used as an additive in the chemical, food, pharmaceuticals and cosmetics industries, as well as in decontamination processes.
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Singh, Sudarshan, and Hitesha Goswami. "Formulation of Oral Mucoadhesive Tablets of Pioglitazone using Natural Gum from Seeds of Pithecellobium Dulce." International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Nanotechnology 8, no. 4 (November 30, 2015): 3031–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.37285/ijpsn.2015.8.4.6.
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The plant derived gums and mucilage’s comply with many requirements of pharmaceutical excipients as they are non-toxic, stable, easily available, associated with less regulatory issues as compared to their synthetic counterpart and inexpensive; also these can be easily modified to meet the specific need. The present study was undertaken to isolate mucilage from the seeds of Pithecellobium dulce (P. dulce). The mucilage isolated from P. dulce were used as a bioadhesive polymer in tablet formulation and evaluated for the parameters such as swelling, pH, and bioadhesive property like bioadhesive strength, and ex-vivo residence time. The oral mucoadhesive tablets were prepared using Pioglitazone as model drug and P. dulce seeds mucilage as mucoadhesive polymer. The prepared tablets were evaluated against existing mucoadhesive polymer such as Xanthan gum and Hydroxyl Propyl Methyl Cellulose K4M to explore its use as Pharmaceutical excipients. Swelling index of P. dulce was found to be 87.46 ± 0.11 % which was higher than Xanthan gum but lower than HPMC K4M having swelling index 73.28 ± 0.01 % and 98.88 ± 0.03 % respectively. The results showed that Bioadhesion strength of P. dulce was found to be 50.86 ± 0.03N which was higher than HPMC K4M but lower than Xanthan gum having Force of adhesion 32.81 ± 0.04N and 57.17 ± 0.01N respectively. The percentage cumulative drug release drug release of optimize batch F8 was found to be 101.71 %. So, it was concluded that the mucilage of P. dulce can be used as a pharmaceutical excipient in oral bioadhesive drug delivery systems.
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Singh, Sudarshan, Tanvi R. Dodiya, Rajesh Dodiya, Sangeeta Singh, and Sunil B. Bothara. "In vivo, ex vivo and in vitro Mucoadhesive Strength Assessment of Potential Pharmaceutical Bio-resource Polymer from Diospyros melonoxylon Roxb seeds." International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Nanotechnology 14, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 5307–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.37285/ijpsn.2021.14.1.6.
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In this study, an oral bio-based mucoadhesive polymer was developed from Diospyros melonoxylon Roxb (Ebenaceae) seed mucilage and evaluated for mucoadhesive strength. The mucilage showed shear stress results (0.140 ± 0.0007N), with comparable adhesiveness to HPMC E5 (0.098 ± 0.0008N). Force of adhesion required to detach the seed mucilage and HPMC E5 tablets from the mucin of intestinal tissue were 0.0509 ± 0.0007 (N) and 0.0049 ± 0.0006 (N). Seed mucilage revealed significant higher detachment time, erosion time, in vitro wash off time and ex vivo residence compared to HPMC E5 and lactose tablets (p<0.01). In vivo test indicated that seed mucilage tablets possessed good mucoadhesive strength compared to HPMC E5 and resisted disintegration for ≤ 8 h. The swelling index and wetting time showed comparable results between the mucilage and synthetic polymer tablets. Mucilage demonstrated high moisture absorption, percentage hydration, and matrix erosion of 20.0 ± 0.037, 53.66 ± 0.127, and 20.00 ± 0.077 compared to HPMC E5 10.0 ± 0.079, 36.00 ± 0.089, and 1.26 ± 0.085. The mucoadhesive properties of seeds mucilage were comparable to guar gum and HPMC E5. Thus, seed mucilage of D. melonoxylon can be exploited for usage as pharmaceutical excipient in oral bioadhesive drug delivery systems.
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Barrios, Duniel, Joel Flores, Luis R. González-Torres, and Alejandro Palmarola. "The role of mucilage in the germination of Leptocereus scopulophilus (Cactaceae) seeds from Pan de Matanzas, Cuba." Botany 93, no. 4 (April 2015): 251–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjb-2014-0242.
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Studies of seed mucilage in a number of species suggest that it has multiple ecological roles dependent on species and their environmental context. We evaluate whether mucilage facilitates seed germination for Leptocereus scopulophilus Areces, as well as whether light conditions influence the effect of the mucilage. Three combined treatments of light conditions: (1) shade (10% of sunlight), (2) semi-shade (30% of sunlight), and (3) full light exposure (100% of sunlight), and two seed types (with mucilage and washed) were used. Germinability was affected by light conditions but no effect of mucilage was found; higher germination occurred in shade than in semi-shade conditions. There was no germination in full light conditions. Germination rate (T50) was not affected by light conditions or by the mucilage, or the interaction of both factors. Minimal time to germination (Tmin) was affected by mucilage; seeds with mucilage germinated 2 days later than washed seeds. Thus, facilitation for imbibition of water does not occur in L. scopulophilus seeds. Perhaps the presence of mucilage in seeds of this species serves other purposes such as seed adhesion to soil or to deter predators.
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Hu, Dandan, Jerry M. Baskin, Carol C. Baskin, Rong Liu, Xuejun Yang, and Zhenying Huang. "A Seed Mucilage-Degrading Fungus From the Rhizosphere Strengthens the Plant-Soil-Microbe Continuum and Potentially Regulates Root Nutrients of a Cold Desert Shrub." Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions® 34, no. 5 (May 2021): 538–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/mpmi-01-21-0014-fi.
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Seed mucilage plays important roles in the adaptation of desert plants to the stressful environment. Artemisia sphaerocephala is an important pioneer plant in the Central Asian cold desert, and it produces a large quantity of seed mucilage. Seed mucilage of A. sphaerocephala can be degraded by soil microbes, but it is unknown which microorganisms can degrade mucilage or how the mucilage-degrading microorganisms affect rhizosphere microbial communities or root nutrients. Here, mucilage-degrading microorganisms were isolated from the rhizosphere of A. sphaerocephala, were screened by incubation with mucilage stained with Congo red, and were identified by sequencing and phylogenetic analyses. Fungal-bacterial networks based on high-throughput sequencing of rhizosphere microbes were constructed to explore the seasonal dynamic of interactions between a mucilage-degrading microorganism and its closely related microorganisms. The structural equation model was used to analyze effects of the mucilage-degrading microorganism, rhizosphere fungal-bacterial communities, and soil physicochemical properties on root C and N. The fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium was identified as a mucilage-degrading microorganism. Relative abundance of the mucilage-degrading fungus (MDF) was highest in May. Subnetworks showed that the abundance of fungi and bacteria closely related to the MDF also were highest in May. Interactions between the MDF and related fungi and bacteria were positive, which might enhance mucilage degradation. In addition, the MDF might regulate root C and N by affecting rhizosphere microbial community structure. Our results suggest that MDF from the rhizosphere strengthens the plant-soil-microbe continuum, thereby potentially regulating microbial interactions and root nutrients of A. sphaerocephala. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2021 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .
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Burapapadh, Kanokporn, Narumon Changsan, Chutima Sinsuebpol, and Phennapha Saokham. "An Evaluation of <i>Dictyophora indusiata</i> Mucilage as a Binder in Tablet Formulations." Key Engineering Materials 901 (October 8, 2021): 22–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.901.22.
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Dictyophora indusiata known as bamboo mushroom is an edible mushroom in Genus Dictyophora, Family Phallaceae that could produce highly viscous mucilage encased in the peridium. The viscous mucilage is clear-colorless hydrocolloid with high viscosity and high adhesive nature which made it possible to be developed into pharmaceutical excipients. This research work aimed at the application of the mucilage as a tablet binder. The mucilage was prepared as redispersible powder by lyphilization before used. The dried mucilage could be effectively used as a binder in paracetamol tablet formulations both as dry and wet binder. Increasing of the dried mucilage amount caused the stronger tablet with higher disintegration time. The optimum concentrations of the dried mucilage in tablet formulations were 2.0% w/w as dry binder and 1.0% w/w as wet binder. The obtained tablets revealed low friability and fast disintegration time. The drug dissolution was conformable to USP37 standard and comparable to that of commercial product. Accordingly, the Dictyophora indusiata mucilage could be functionally used as a tablet binder
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Cheng, Bifang, Gerhard Rakow, Todd Olson, David J. Williams, and Richard K. Gugel. "AAC Adagio yellow mustard." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 95, no. 5 (September 2015): 1043–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps-2015-100.
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Cheng, B., Rakow, G., Olson, T., Williams, D. J. and Gugel, R. K. 2015. AAC Adagio yellow mustard. Can. J. Plant Sci. 95: 1043–1045. Mucilage content in yellow mustard (Sinapis alba L.) is an important seed quality parameter for the mustard trade since mucilage contributes to the consistency of prepared mustard products. Some wild type brown-seeded accessions of S. alba have much higher mucilage contents than have been observed in yellow-seeded cultivars and breeding lines. Increasing the mucilage content of cultivated, yellow-seeded S. alba by transferring the high mucilage trait from brown-seeded S. alba was initiated in 2004 at the Saskatoon Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada. The yellow mustard variety AAC Adagio with high mucilage content [96.8 centistokes (cst) g−1 seed] was successfully developed from crosses between the elite yellow-seeded breeding line SA00-PYM (mucilage: 35.2 cst g−1 seed) and five brown-seeded S. alba accessions (mucilage: 87.5–108.7 cst g−1 seed). AAC Adagio is well-adapted to all mustard growing areas of western Canada.
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Crews, Laura J., Margaret E. McCully, and Martin J. Canny. "Mucilage production by wounded xylem tissue of maize roots — time course and stimulus." Functional Plant Biology 30, no. 7 (2003): 755. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/fp03052.
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As a reaction to invasion by pathogens, plants block their xylem conduits with mucilage, restricting pathogen advance. Wounding soil-grown roots of maize revealed that pectinaceous mucilage could be found in the vessels after 6 h, and abundantly filled most vessels up to 3 cm proximal to the wound after 1 d. Phenolics increased in the mucilage at later times. The same reactions occurred in vessels following mechanical wounding of axenically-grown roots, showing that the presence of microbes is not necessary for the response. The xylem mucilage is similar to root-cap mucilage in mode of extrusion from the periplasmic space of living cells through primary wall, apparent phase transition, and staining indicative of acidic polysaccharides. Whether other known properties of root-cap mucilage which might alter vessel functioning, such as reduction of surface tension and increased viscosity produced by dissolved solutes, are also common to xylem mucilage requires further investigation. However, our results indicate that possible influence of wounding-induced mucilage in xylem vessels should be considered in all experimental investigations of xylem function.
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Saju, Fels, and Chinju M. Sivaraman. "Scope of herbal mucilage in pharmaceutical formulations. A review." Herba Polonica 67, no. 1 (March 1, 2021): 46–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/hepo-2021-0001.
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Summary The aim of the article was to obtain maximum information about plant mucilage, its sources and applications in the pharmaceutical industry. This study focuses on the scientific articles and books available in Internet resources and college library that deal with the sources, applications, extraction and isolation of plant mucilage. Mucilage is obtained mainly from plant sources and can be isolated easily. Due to the low cost, easy availability, non-toxicity, non-irritancy, and biocompatibility, mucilage is of great demand in the field of pharmaceuticals. Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L., Trigonella foenum-graecum L., Abelmoschus esculentus L, Plantago ovata Forssk. and Aloe barbadensis L. are some common sources of mucilage. The isolation methods vary depending on the part of the plant where mucilage is present. It is commonly used as gelling agent, suspending agent, binder, and disintegrant. Since it is hydrophilic in nature, chances of deterioration are higher. In this review, different mucilage sources and their isolation methods are discussed in detail. Mucilage is used as excipient in many formulations of tablets, suspensions, gels, etc. The study explores the potential of plant mucilage as an excipient in pharmaceutical formulations. The biodegradable and biocompatible properties of this inexpensive excipient make it more favourable for the newer formulation development.
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Tosif, Mansuri M., Agnieszka Najda, Joanna Klepacka, Aarti Bains, Prince Chawla, Ankur Kumar, Minaxi Sharma, Kandi Sridhar, Surya Prakash Gautam, and Ravinder Kaushik. "A Concise Review on Taro Mucilage: Extraction Techniques, Chemical Composition, Characterization, Applications, and Health Attributes." Polymers 14, no. 6 (March 15, 2022): 1163. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14061163.
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Taro (Colocasia esculenta) is an important source of carbohydrates as an energy source and is used as a staple food throughout the world. It is rich in mucilage and starch granules, making it a highly digestible ingredient. Mucilage can act as a matrix and a thickening, binding, emulsifying, or foaming agent in food, pharmaceutical, and several other fields of research. Moreover, mucilage can be extracted from several living organisms and has excellent functional properties, such as water-holding, oil-holding, and swelling capacities. Therefore, these remarkable functional properties make mucilage a promising ingredient with possible industrial applications. Furthermore, several extraction techniques, including enzyme-assisted, ultrasonication, microwave-assisted, aquatic, and solvent extraction methods, are used to obtain quantitative amounts of taro mucilage. Coldwater extraction with ethanol precipitation can be considered an effective and cost-effective technique to obtain high-quality mucilage with suitable industrial applications, whereas the ultrasonication method is more expensive but results in a higher amount of mucilage than other emerging techniques. Mucilage can also be used as a fat replacer or reducer, dye remover, coating agent, and antioxidating agent. Therefore, in this review, we detail the key properties related to the extraction techniques, chemical composition, and characterization of taro mucilage, along with its suitable applications and health benefits.
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Wang, Wen-Huei, Chun-Ping Lu, and Meng-I. Kuo. "Combination of Ultrasound and Heat in the Extraction of Chia Seed (Salvia hispanica L.) Mucilage: Impact on Yield and Technological Properties." Processes 10, no. 3 (March 5, 2022): 519. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr10030519.
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The effect of ultrasound in combination of heat on the extraction yield and technological properties of chia seed mucilage was investigated. Chia seeds were mixed with distilled water at a seed-to-water ratio of 1:30. The dispersion was adjusted to pH 9 and treated either with heat extraction by water bath or with heat/ultrasound extraction by probe-type sonication at 50 °C and 80 °C for 30 and 60 min. The yield and technological properties of mucilage samples were evaluated. The heat/ultrasound extraction gave a greater yield of mucilage (6.92–10.52%) as compared to the heat extraction (1.03–1.86%). Images obtained from Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) have shown that during heat/ultrasound extraction, the amount of mucilage fibers on the surface of chia seed decreased with the increased extraction time. Thus, the yield of mucilage prepared with heat/ultrasound extraction for 60 min was significantly higher than that of mucilage extracted for 30 min. However, the difference between the seed samples treated with heat/ultrasound extraction at different temperatures was not apparent. The mucilage prepared with heat/ultrasound extraction at 50 °C for 60 min had the best technological properties. The amount of protein in the heat/ultrasound extracted mucilage diversified its technological property. Moreover, the mixture of mucilage and whey protein isolate had better miscibility. This study confirms the great potential of application of ultrasound in combination with heat in the extraction of chia seed mucilage.
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Ai, Tingyang, Hong Liu, Jiawei Wan, Bojie Lu, Xiujuan Yu, Jiao Liu, Aidiya Yimamu, Saimire Aishan, Caixiang Liu, and Rui Qin. "Proteomics Analysis Reveals the Underlying Factors of Mucilage Disappearance in Brasenia schreberi and Its Influence on Nutrient Accumulation." Foods 13, no. 4 (February 7, 2024): 518. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods13040518.
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Brasenia schreberi J.F. Gmel (BS) is rich in mucilage, which has diverse biological activities, and is utilized in the food and pharmaceutical industries due to its nutritional value. Proteomics analysis was employed to investigate the cause of mucilage disappearance in BS and its effect on nutrient accumulation. Among the 2892 proteins identified, 840 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were found to be involved in mucilage development. By comparing the expression patterns and functions and pathway enrichment, the DEPs mainly contributed to carbon and energy metabolism, polysaccharide metabolism, and photosynthesis. Our study also revealed positive correlations between mucilage accumulation and tryptophan metabolism, with high levels of indole-3-acetic (IAA) contributing to mucilage accumulation. Furthermore, environmental changes and particularly excessive nutrients were found to be detrimental to mucilage synthesis. Overall, in the absence of various stimuli in the growing environment, BS accumulates more nutrients within the plant itself instead of producing mucilage.