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1

das Neves, José, Maria Fernanda Bahia, Mansoor M. Amiji, and Bruno Sarmento. "Mucoadhesive nanomedicines: characterization and modulation of mucoadhesion at the nanoscale." Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery 8, no. 8 (2011): 1085–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1517/17425247.2011.586334.

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2

Vichare, Riddhi, Inyoung Garner, Ryan J. Paulson, et al. "Biofabrication of Chitosan-Based Nanomedicines and Its Potential Use for Translational Ophthalmic Applications." Applied Sciences 10, no. 12 (2020): 4189. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10124189.

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Drug delivery to the anterior and posterior segment of eye remains a challenge. Nanoparticle-mediated drug delivery has indicated some promise. The presented review aims to summarize recent advancements in chitosan-based nanotherapies for ocular drug delivery and the challenges encountered during the process. Significant research using chitosan, a cationic linear polymer, is being conducted for ocular drug delivery. A vast number of publications exploit the mucoadhesive properties of the polymer, which arise due to interactions between the amino acids of chitosan and the sialic acid residues i
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3

Iqbal, Ali, Ramsha Malik, Malik Irfan Zulfiqar, Maria Hassan Kiani, and Muhammad Rauf ul Hassan. "Bio-Adhesive Nanomedicine for Targeted Drug Delivery." Global Drug Design & Development Review IV, no. I (2019): 10–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gdddr.2019(iv-i).02.

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The bio/muco-adhesive auxiliary agents are considered as a promising strategy for the administration of various challenging drugs including peptides, proteins and oligosaccharides therapeutics. The delivery of such therapeutics is hampered due to rapid degradation, restricted uptake, short residence time, poor solubility and limited half-life. The recent emergence of nanomedicine based on bio/mucoadhesive auxiliary agents is offering new avenues to overcome these drawbacks. Hence, it is important to understand the mechanism of nanoscale bio/mucoadhesion, protocols for investigating bio/mucoadh
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4

Vijay, Yadav Riyajul Ansari Ayush Gandhi Indu Passi*. "Nanomedicine-Based Approaches for Treatment of Ocular Diseases." International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 3, no. 3 (2025): 1132–40. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15016934.

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Nanomedicine is a new frontier in the treatment of eye diseases with disruptive novelty, from overcoming unique anatomical and physiological barriers that historically impeded drug delivery to the eye. Most ocular diseases, such as glaucoma, AMD, diabetic retinopathy, and uveitis, pose serious challenges to treatment as a result of their complex anatomy and protective mechanisms limiting drug penetration and retention. These old and conventional forms, such as eye drops and ointments, cannot achieve the desired therapeutic concentrations at the target site; hence, efficacy is likely to be comp
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5

Dharman, Sreedevi, Gopal Maragathavalli, Rajeshkumar Shanmugam, and Karpagavalli Shanmugasundaram. "Current perspectives of nanotherapies in the prevention and treatment of radiotherapy/chemotherapy-induced oral mucositis in head and neck cancer—A narrative review." Journal of International Oral Health 15, no. 6 (2023): 491–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/jioh.jioh_208_22.

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Abstract Aim: Therapy for head and neck cancer (HNC) causes oral mucositis (OM) which significantly affects the patient’s quality of life. Currently, there are no effective therapy or prevention of OM. This review focuses on a nanomedicine-based approach to prevent and treat chemotherapy (CT)- or radiotherapy (RT)-induced OM in HNC. Materials and Methods: Systematic article searches on nanoparticles in CT/RT-induced OM published in English language until December 2022 were conducted in PubMed using MeSH terms, Google Scholar, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science. Search keywords used were: (Na
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Bonferoni, Maria Cristina, Elisabetta Gavini, Giovanna Rassu, Marcello Maestri, and Paolo Giunchedi. "Chitosan Nanoparticles for Therapy and Theranostics of Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) and Liver-Targeting." Nanomaterials 10, no. 5 (2020): 870. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano10050870.

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Chitosan nanoparticles are well-known delivery systems widely used as polymeric carriers in the field of nanomedicine. Chitosan is a carbohydrate of natural origin: it is a biodegradable, biocompatible, mucoadhesive, polycationic polymer and it is endowed with penetration enhancer properties. Furthermore, it can be easily derivatized. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) represents a remarkable health problem because current therapies, that include surgery, liver transplantation, trans-arterial embolization, chemoembolization and chemotherapy, present significant limitations due to the high risk of
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Mertins, Omar, Patrick D. Mathews, and Angelina Angelova. "Advances in the Design of pH-Sensitive Cubosome Liquid Crystalline Nanocarriers for Drug Delivery Applications." Nanomaterials 10, no. 5 (2020): 963. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano10050963.

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Nanostructure bicontinuous cubic phase self-assembled materials are receiving expanding applications as biocompatible delivery systems in various therapeutic fields. The functionalization of cubosome, spongosome, hexosome and liposome nanocarriers by pH-sensitive lipids and/or pH-sensitive polymer shells offers new opportunities for oral and topical drug delivery towards a new generation of cancer therapies. The electrochemical behavior of drug compounds may favor pH-triggered drug release as well. Here, we highlight recent investigations, which explore the phase behavior of mixed nonlamellar
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8

Shokati Eshkiki, Zahra, Fatemeh Mansouri, Amir Reza Karamzadeh, et al. "Chitosan and Its Derivative-Based Nanoparticles in Gastrointestinal Cancers: Molecular Mechanisms of Action and Promising Anticancer Strategies." Journal of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics 2024 (April 5, 2024): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2024/1239661.

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Gastrointestinal cancers account for a significant health concern as the existing treatment modalities, such as surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy, exhibit considerable drawbacks, including a high probability of recurrence, insufficient drug specificity, and severe adverse effects. Hence, novel therapeutic approaches and enhanced tissue-specific targeting are required. Nanomedicine is a field of medicine that uses nanoscale carriers for targeting and administering drugs or diagnostic agents to particular tissues. In the field of nanomedicine, chitosan nanoparticles are well-establish
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9

Khan, Rabia Arshad, Salman Arshad Hamdard, Haleema Sadia, and Abbas Ali Naseem. "Emerging Trend of Thiolated Polymers/materials and nanomedicine in wound healing." Global Pharmaceutical Sciences Review VI, no. I (2021): 36–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gpsr.2021(vi-i).05.

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Antimicrobial therapy failure against wound infections and arise of extended resistance highly encourages the discovery of novel mechanisms to overcome underlying issues. Major causative agent for causing wound infection is “Staphylococcus aureus” and recent medications lack antibacterial action,mucoadhesion and patient compliance. Thiolation proves itself as a novel technique for treatment of wound infections via topical application. Thiomers possesses features such as higher porosity, bio degradation, and swelling index. Thiolated products are resistant to the harsh environmental changes. Si
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10

Song, Fan-Xin, Xiaojian Xu, Hengze Ding, et al. "Recent Progress in Nanomaterial-Based Biosensors and Theranostic Nanomedicine for Bladder Cancer." Biosensors 13, no. 1 (2023): 106. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bios13010106.

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Bladder cancer (BCa) is one of the most expensive and common malignancies in the urinary system due to its high progression and recurrence rate. Although there are various methods, including cystoscopy, biopsy, and cytology, that have become the standard diagnosis methods for BCa, their intrinsic invasive and inaccurate properties need to be overcome. The novel urine cancer biomarkers are assisted by nanomaterials-based biosensors, such as field-effect transistors (FETs) with high sensitivity and specificity, which may provide solutions to these problems. In addition, nanomaterials can be appl
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11

Nurakhmetova, Zhanar, Gulnur Tatykhanova, and Sarkyt Kudaibergenov. "Immobilized anticancer agents and metal nanoparticles in a matrix of gellan: achievements and prospects." Chemical Bulletin of Kazakh National University, no. 4 (December 24, 2020): 32–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.15328/cb1169.

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A review is devoted to recent achievements in development of anticancer drugs based on natural polysaccharide – gellan that possesses coil-helix conformational transition, sol-gel phase transition, thermo- and salt sensitivity. The characteristics of high- and low-acyl gellan are briefly given and the influence of mono- and multivalent metal ions on the gelation efficiency is described. The mucoadhesive properties of gellan and its modified derivatives are briefly considered in the context of application in pharmacy as oral, buccal, nasal, ophthalmologic, vaginal forms. The main attention is p
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12

Divya, S. Gaikar*1 Maya Y. Gaikwad2 Madhuri D. Sahane3. "Buccal Films: A Review Of Therapeutic Application, Method Development ,Formulation And Relevant Approaches." International Journal in Pharmaceutical Sciences 2, no. 4 (2024): 391–401. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10935446.

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A Buccal films have emerged as a versatile and promising drug delivery platform, offering unique advantages for therapeutic applications. This comprehensive review explores recent progress in the field, covering diverse aspects such as therapeutic applications, method development, formulation strategies, and emerging approaches related to buccal films .The therapeutic applications section provides an in-depth analysis of the wide spectrum of diseases and conditions that can be targeted using buccal films. From localized treatments for oral diseases to systemic drug delivery, the review explore
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13

Albarqi, Hassan A., Anuj Garg, Mohammad Zaki Ahmad, Abdulsalam A. Alqahtani, Ismail A. Walbi, and Javed Ahmad. "Recent Progress in Chitosan-Based Nanomedicine for Its Ocular Application in Glaucoma." Pharmaceutics 15, no. 2 (2023): 681. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics15020681.

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Glaucoma is a degenerative, chronic ocular disease that causes irreversible vision loss. The major symptom of glaucoma is high intraocular pressure, which happens when the flow of aqueous humor between the front and back of the eye is blocked. Glaucoma therapy is challenging because of the low bioavailability of drugs from conventional ocular drug delivery systems such as eye drops, ointments, and gels. The low bioavailability of antiglaucoma agents could be due to the precorneal and corneal barriers as well as the low biopharmaceutical attributes of the drugs. These limitations can be overcom
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14

Maher, Rebecca, Almudena Moreno-Borrallo, Dhruvi Jindal, Binh T. Mai, Eduardo Ruiz-Hernandez, and Andrew Harkin. "Intranasal Polymeric and Lipid-Based Nanocarriers for CNS Drug Delivery." Pharmaceutics 15, no. 3 (2023): 746. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics15030746.

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Nanomedicine is currently focused on the design and development of nanocarriers that enhance drug delivery to the brain to address unmet clinical needs for treating neuropsychiatric disorders and neurological diseases. Polymer and lipid-based drug carriers are advantageous for delivery to the central nervous system (CNS) due to their safety profiles, drug-loading capacity, and controlled-release properties. Polymer and lipid-based nanoparticles (NPs) are reported to penetrate the blood–brain barrier (BBB) and have been extensively assessed in in vitro and animal models of glioblastoma, epileps
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15

Yang, Jian-Miao, Lin-Jie Wu, Meng-Ting Lin, et al. "Construction and Evaluation of Chitosan-Based Nanoparticles for Oral Administration of Exenatide in Type 2 Diabetic Rats." Polymers 14, no. 11 (2022): 2181. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14112181.

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Oral delivery of therapeutic peptides has been a daunting challenge due to poor transport across the tight junctions and susceptibility to enzymatic degradation in the gastrointestinal tract. Numerous advancement in nanomedicine has been made for the effective delivery of protein and peptide. Owing to the superior performance of chitosan in opening intercellular tight junctions of epithelium and excellent mucoadhesive properties, chitosan-based nanocarriers have recently garnered considerable attention, which was formulated in this paper to orally deliver the GLP-1 drug (Exenatide). Against th
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16

Bonferoni, Maria, Silvia Rossi, Giuseppina Sandri, et al. "Nanoemulsions for “Nose-to-Brain” Drug Delivery." Pharmaceutics 11, no. 2 (2019): 84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics11020084.

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The blood–brain barrier (BBB) plays a fundamental role in protecting the brain from toxic substances and therefore also controls and restricts the entry of therapeutic agents. The nasal administration of drugs using the nose-to-brain pathway allows direct drug targeting into the brain, avoiding the first-pass effect and bypassing the BBB. Through the nasal route, the drug can access the brain directly along the trigeminal and olfactory nerves, which are located in the upper part of the nasal cavity. Nanoemulsions are formulations belonging to the field of nanomedicine. They consist of emulsion
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17

Zacaron, Thiago Medeiros, Mariana Leite Simões e. Silva, Mirsiane Pascoal Costa, et al. "Advancements in Chitosan-Based Nanoparticles for Pulmonary Drug Delivery." Polymers 15, no. 18 (2023): 3849. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15183849.

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The evolution of respiratory diseases represents a considerable public health challenge, as they are among the leading causes of death worldwide. In this sense, in addition to the high prevalence of diseases such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, pneumonia, cystic fibrosis, and lung cancer, emerging respiratory diseases, particularly those caused by members of the coronavirus family, have contributed to a significant number of deaths on a global scale over the last two decades. Therefore, several studies have been conducted to optimize the efficacy of treatments against these d
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18

Tivay, Shadi, Mobina Taghipoor, Hasti Hosseini, Milad Saeedzadeh, and Setareh Valanik. "Next-Generation Drug Delivery: Smart Nanomaterials for Precision Healthcare(focusing oral cancer)." Journal of Oral and Dental Health Nexus 2, no. 2 (2025): 6–18. https://doi.org/10.61838/kman.jodhn.2.2.2.

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The convergence of artificial intelligence and nanotechnology has revolutionized the development of precision therapeutics for oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), addressing critical challenges in drug delivery, tumor ablation, and early detection. This review systematically examines how AI-driven approaches—including machine learning (ML), generative adversarial networks (GANs), and reinforcement learning—optimize nanomaterial design for OSCC applications. ML algorithms predict critical nanocarrier properties (size, shape, surface charge) to enhance tumor targeting, while GANs explore novel
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19

Rahul, Dhangar Kusumakar Patil Chandrakant Pardeshi. "DIRECT NOSE TO BRAIN DELIVERY OF NEUROTHERAPEUTICS- LOADED NANOEMULSION." INDO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES o6, no. 05 (2019): 9154–63. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2682528.

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<em>The blood&ndash;brain barrier (BBB) plays a fundamental role in protecting the brain from toxic substances and therefore also controls and restricts the entry of therapeutic agents. The nasal administration of drugs using the nose-to-brain pathway allows direct drug targeting into the brain, avoiding the first-pass effect and bypassing the BBB. Through the nasal route, the drug can access the brain directly along the trigeminal and olfactory nerves, which are located in the upper part of the nasal cavity. Nanoemulsions are formulations belonging to the field of nanomedicine. They consist o
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20

Sipos, Bence, Levente Mayer, Mária Budai-Szűcs, Gábor Katona, Rita Ambrus, and Ildikó Csóka. "Investigation of Nano Spray-Dried, Hyaluronic Acid-Modified Polymeric Micelles for Nasal Administration." Pharmaceutics 17, no. 4 (2025): 533. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics17040533.

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Background/Objectives: The combination of nanomedicine with nasal administration is of paramount importance in current research and development. Polymeric micelles coated with hyaluronic acid may be a suitable solution to enhance drug release and permeation whilst properly adhering to the nasal mucosa, increasing residence time. Methods: Solid state characterization included morphology and laser diffraction-based size analysis and X-ray powder diffraction. The characterization of dispersed polymeric micelles in aqueous media was performed based on dynamic light scattering and determining the s
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21

Basu, Biswajit, Suraj Mallick, Suman Dhauria, Anisha Das, and Sudarshan Singh. "Modified thiomer-based nanomedicines in management of ocular complications: a review." Biotechnology for Sustainable Materials 2, no. 1 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1186/s44316-025-00027-0.

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Abstract Thiomer-based nanomedicines provide a diverse approach to delivering ophthalmic drugs and controlling problems. The review digs into the development, characterization, and use of thiomer and modified thiomer-based nanomedicines. It emphasizes their biocompatibility, which ensures that they are safe to use in the body. It also emphasizes their mucoadhesive characteristics, which assist the drug stick to the mucosal surfaces of the eye, therefore increasing efficacy. The study also emphasizes the possibility of higher medication bioavailability, which means that more of the medicine wil
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22

Huang, Yi, Jonathan Wang, Valeria Mancino, et al. "Oral delivery of nanomedicine for genetic kidney disease." PNAS Nexus, May 10, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/pnasnexus/pgae187.

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Abstract Chronic and genetic kidney diseases such as autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) have few therapeutic options, and clinical trials testing small molecule drugs have been unfavorable due to low kidney bioavailability and adverse side effects. Although nanoparticles can be designed to deliver drugs directly to the diseased site, there are no kidney-targeted nanomedicines clinically available, and most FDA-approved nanoparticles are administered intravenously which is not ideal for chronic diseases. To meet these challenges of chronic diseases, we developed a biomaterials
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23

Rahman, Afia Tasnim, Sungyeon Kang, and Sangyong Jon. "Oral Delivery of Chitosan‐Rosmarinic Acid Nanoparticles Ameliorates Mucosal Inflammation in a Mouse Model of Colitis." Advanced NanoBiomed Research, June 30, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1002/anbr.202500068.

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Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic disorder characterized by intestinal barrier dysfunction, excessive immune activation, and oxidative stress. Current treatment options, such as 5‐aminosalicylic acid (5‐ASA), exhibit limited therapeutic efficacy due to poor bioavailability and inability to restore intestinal homeostasis. Herein, a novel nanomedicine that can be orally administered, low‐molecular‐weight chitosan‐conjugated rosmarinic acid nanoparticles (LMWC‐RANPs), designed to enhance IBD treatment through its mucoadhesive, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory properties, are introduc
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24

Mukherjee, Swarupananda, Dipanjan Karati, Sudarshan Singh, and Bhupendra G. Prajapati. "Chitosan-based Nanomedicine in the Management of Age-related Macular Degeneration: A Review." Current Nanomedicine 13 (October 9, 2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/0124681873261772230927074628.

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Abstract: Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a leading cause of permanent blindness globally. Due to the various obstacles, highly invasive intravitreal (IVT) injections are the prima-ry method used to deliver medications to the tissues of the posterior eye. An utmost patient-friendly topical ocular delivery approach has been extensively researched in recent years. Muco-adhesive compositions extend precorneal residence time while reducing precorneal clearance. They increase the likelihood of adhesion to corneal and conjunctival surfaces and, as a result, al-low for enhanced delivery to
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25

Gazzi, Rafaela, Rita Gelli, Simone Aleandri, Marianna Carone, and Paola Luciani. "Bioinspired and bioderived nanomedicine for inflammatory bowel disease." WIREs Nanomedicine and Nanobiotechnology 16, no. 4 (2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/wnan.1986.

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AbstractDue to its chronic nature and complex pathophysiology, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) poses significant challenges for treatment. The long‐term therapies for patients, often diagnosed between the ages of 20 and 40, call for innovative strategies to target inflammation, minimize systemic drug exposure, and improve patients' therapeutic outcomes. Among the plethora of strategies currently pursued, bioinspired and bioderived nano‐based formulations have garnered interest for their safety and versatility in the management of IBD. Bioinspired nanomedicine can host and deliver not only sma
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26

Maher, Rebecca, Almudena Moreno-Borrallo, Dhruvi Jindal, Binh T. Mai, Eduardo Ruiz-Hernandez, and Andrew Harkin. "Intranasal Polymeric and Lipid-Based Nanocarriers for CNS Drug Delivery." Pharmaceutics 15, no. 9 (2023). https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics15030746.

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Nanomedicine is currently focused on the design and development of nanocarriers that enhance drug delivery to the brain to address unmet clinical needs for treating neuropsychiatric disorders and neurological diseases. Polymer and lipid-based drug carriers are advantageous for delivery to the central nervous system (CNS) due to their safety profiles, drug-loading capacity, and controlled-release properties. Polymer and lipid-based nanoparticles (NPs) are reported to penetrate the blood&ndash;brain barrier (BBB) and have been extensively assessed in in vitro and animal models of glioblastoma, e
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27

Ch, Sanjay, Priyasha Mishra, Himanshu Bhatt, Balaram Ghosh, Sanhita Roy, and Swati Biswas. "Hydroxypropyl Methacrylamide-based Copolymeric Nanoparticles Loaded With Moxifloxacin as a Mucoadhesive, Cornea-penetrating Nanomedicine Eye Drop With Enhanced Therapeutic Benefits in Bacterial Keratitis." Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces, September 2021, 112113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfb.2021.112113.

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28

Fu, Qiuxia, Yangjie Liu, Cao Peng, Tobias Achu Muluh, Umer Anayyat, and Liu Liang. "Recent Advancement in Inhaled Nano-drug Delivery for Pulmonary, Nasal, and Nose-to-brain Diseases." Current Drug Delivery 21 (January 24, 2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/0115672018268047231207105652.

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Abstract: Pulmonary, nasal, and nose-to-brain diseases involve clinical approaches, such as bronchodilators, inhaled steroids, oxygen therapy, antibiotics, antihistamines, nasal steroids, decongestants, intranasal drug delivery, neurostimulation, and surgery to treat patients. However, systemic medicines have serious adverse effects, necessitating the development of inhaled formulations that allow precise drug delivery to the airways with minimum systemic drug exposure. Particle size, surface charge, biocompatibility, drug capacity, and mucoadhesive are unique chemical and physical features th
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29

Mercan, Gamze, and Zümrüt Varol Selçuk. "Progress in Utilizing Chitosan-Based Nanoparticles for Pulmonary Drug Administration." ODÜ Tıp Dergisi, August 29, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.56941/odutip.1442818.

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The escalating prevalence of respiratory ailments poses a significant global public health challenge, ranking among the primary causes of mortality worldwide. Notably, diseases such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, pneumonia, cystic fibrosis, and lung cancer, alongside the emergence of respiratory diseases, notably those induced by the coronavirus family, have contributed substantially to global fatalities in the past two decades. Consequently, numerous studies have been undertaken to enhance the effectiveness of therapeutic interventions against these diseases, with a particu
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30

Singh, Anshul, Sheersha Pramanik, Ammar Kadi, et al. "Chitosan nanoparticles: a versatile frontier in drug delivery and wound healing across multiple routes." Biomedical Materials, May 2, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-605x/add3e6.

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Abstract The domain of nanoscience has observed significant advancements over the former two decades. Researchers in nanomedicine field have been rigorously exploring the employment of natural biodegradable polymers for targeted drug delivery (TDD). Chitosan (CS), acquired from the deacetylation of chitin, is a naturally occurring amino polysaccharide, whose features of non-toxicity, prolonged retention time, biocompatibility, increased bioavailability, and biodegradability have hastened extensive study into diverse applications. The presence of amino and hydroxyl groups within Chitosan is cru
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