Relevant bibliographies by topics / Mucous Membrane, drug effects

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  2. Dissertations / Theses
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Academic literature on the topic 'Mucous Membrane, drug effects'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 6 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Mucous Membrane, drug effects"

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Villa, Afonso Luiz, Ceneviva Reginaldo, Fernanda Viaro, Fernando Ramalho, Antonio Dorival Campos, and Paulo Roberto B. Evora. "The cytoprotective effect of a nitric oxide donor drug on gastric mucous membrane of rats treated with ketoprofen, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug." Arquivos de Gastroenterologia 43, no. 3 (September 2006): 233–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0004-28032006000300015.

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BACKGROUND: Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are considered today a very important group of medication, with a wide variety of therapeutic use, in different areas of modern medicine. Despite their beneficial effects on the patient, these drugs show a high incidence of side effects, mainly in the gastrointestinal tract. The physiopathological mechanisms of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs induced lesions and the gastric mucosa defense mechanism became an important source for medical research, especially those which try to evaluate the role of nitric oxide as a cytoprotective agent. AIM: To define a possible cytoprotective effect of a nitric oxide donor, isosorbide dinitrate, on the gastric mucous of rats submitted to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs ketoprofen treatment. METHODS: Adult male Wistar rats, previously submitted to starvation for 24 hours and divided in three groups: group I (standard): animals that received isotonic saline solution intragastric by gavage and intravenous. Group II (control-ketoprofen): animals that received isotonic saline solution intragastric by gavage and ketoprofen intravenous. Group III (nitrate/ketoprofen): animals that received 2mM solution of isosorbide dinitrate intragastric by gavage and ketoprofen intravenous. Later on, these animals were sacrificed and had their stomach removed and submitted to macroscopical, microscopical and biochemical studies. The evaluated parameters were: a) gastric lesion index; b) gastric mucous layer thickness; c) gastric tissue nitrate/nitrite (NOx) concentration and d) gastric tissue malondialdehyde concentration. RESULTS: a) Gastric lesion index evaluation showed a smaller statistically significant incidence on the animals of group III; b) group III showed a thicker mucous layer, which also was statistically significant, when compared to group II; c) the variation on tissue nitrate/nitrite concentration was similar in all three groups, without statistical significance when compared to each other. CONCLUSION: Isosorbide dinitrate has a cytoprotective activity on the gastric mucosa of rats submitted to ketoprofen action.
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Kotsyumbas, I. Ya, I. P. Patereha, V. I. Kushnir, S. Yа Martynyk, M. I. Zhyla, and М. М. Chudyak. "SETTING OF PARAMETERS OF ACUTE AND SUBACUTE TOXICITY OF THE POWDER BASED ON IODOFORM." Scientific and Technical Bulletin оf State Scientific Research Control Institute of Veterinary Medical Products and Fodder Additives аnd Institute of Animal Biology 22, no. 1 (March 29, 2021): 103–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.36359/scivp.2021-22-1.11.

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The article presents the results of establishing the parameters of acute and subacute toxicity of the powder based on iodoform. Determination of acute toxicity parameters of the drug "Iodomin" were performed on 30 white mice 2-3 months of age, weighing 20-23 g and 30 white rats, aged 2-3 months, weighing 170-190 g. The drug was administered intragastrically, once, pre-dissolved in water. As a result of studies to determine acute toxicity by oral administration, it was found that, after administration of the drug in doses of 1000, 3000 and 5000 mg/kg, all animals remained alive. No changes in the clinical condition of the animals of the experimental groups were observed. The DL50 of ''Iodomin" powder is more than 5000 mg/kg. In conducted studies did not reveal the death of animals, respectively, the tested drug belongs to the IV class of toxicity (low toxicity). Studies on the determination of acute dermal toxicity of Iodomine were performed in accordance with the requirements of OECD № 402 (Acute Dermal Toxicity: Fixed Dose Procedure, 2017). Studies have shown that skin application of powder "Iodomin" at a dose of 2000 mg/kg body weight did not cause death, appearance of toxic effects. According to GHS the drug belongs to the 5th category. In the study of subacute toxicity, the drug was administered intragastrically, daily, pre-dissolved in water. On the 4th day of the experiment, in two experimental groups was a significant decrease in heart weight, which may be associated with functional load, and in group 2 (5-fold from therapeutic dose), along with that was a significant increase in liver mass, decreased concentration hemoglobin in the erythrocyte, creatinine in the blood, increased ALT activity. To determine the harmful effects of Iodomin powder on the mucous membrane of the eye were used 3 rabbits, to which the drug was administered in the amount of 2 drops in the conjunctival sac of the left eye. The harmful effect of the tested substance on the mucous membrane of the eyes was assessed by the appearance of hyperemia, edema and secretions according to the scoring system. When applying the suspension on the mucous membrane of the eye, it was found out, that after 24-48 hours the drug does not cause irritation. Also was found that the studied agent does not cause hyperemia, edema and changes in blood vessels. It's established that the powder "Iodomin" does not cause harmful effects on the mucous membranes of the eye.
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Szweda, M., J. Szarek, K. Dublan, M. Gesek, and T. Mecik-Kronenberg. "Effect of selected non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on the pathomorphology of the mucous membrane of the canine colon." Veterinární Medicína 58, No. 8 (September 24, 2013): 430–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/6983-vetmed.

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Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have been commonly used for the management of chronic pain caused by inflammatory joint disease in dogs. Although effective at relieving pain and inflammation, NSAIDs are associated with a significant risk of serious gastrointestinal side effects. The present study was therefore designed to investigate the effects of carprofen as a poorly-selective COX (cyclooxygenase) inhibitor and robenacoxib as a selective COX-2 inhibitor on the colon mucosa. A biopsy of the gastrointestinal tract was performed before treatment and on the last day of treatment with orally-administered carprofen (Group I), robenacoxib (Group II) and empty gelatine capsule (Group III) for twenty-one days in a randomised study. The most evident microscopic lesions in the colonic mucosa in young beagles were caused by a 21-day treatment with robenacoxib. The infiltration with inflammatory cells in the lamina propria of the colonic mucosa was the most commonly-found histopathological lesion.  
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Carvalho, Flávia Chiva, Marcos Luciano Bruschi, Raul Cesar Evangelista, and Maria Palmira Daflon Gremião. "Mucoadhesive drug delivery systems." Brazilian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 46, no. 1 (March 2010): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1984-82502010000100002.

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Drug actions can be improved by developing new drug delivery systems, such as the mucoadhesive system. These systems remain in close contact with the absorption tissue, the mucous membrane, releasing the drug at the action site leading to a bioavailability increase and both local and systemic effects. Mucoadhesion is currently explained by six theories: electronic, adsorption, wettability, diffusion, fracture and mechanical. Several in vitro and in vivo methodologies are proposed for studying its mechanisms. However, mucoadhesion is not yet well understood. The aim of this study was to review the mechanisms and theories involved in mucoadhesion, as well as to describe the most-used methodologies and polymers in mucoadhesive drug delivery systems.
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Pawar, Poonam P., Hemant S. Ghorpade, and Bhavana A. Kokane. "Sublingual route for systemic drug delivery." Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics 8, no. 6-s (December 15, 2018): 340–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v8i6-s.2097.

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Drug delivery via the oral mucous membrane is considered to be a promising alternative to the oral route. Sublingual route is a rapid onset of action and better patient compliance than orally ingested tablets. Sublingual literally meaning is “under the tongue”, administrating substance via mouth in such a way that the substance is rapidly absorbed via blood vessels under tongue. The portion of drug absorbed through the sublingual blood vessels bypasses the hepatic first‐pass metabolic processes giving acceptable bioavailability. Sublingual technology is convenient for dosing in geriatric, pediatric and psychiatric patients with dysphagia. Sublingual drug delivery shows fast therapeutic action than orally ingested drugs with fewer side effects. This review highlights advantages, disadvantages, different sublingual Gland, sublingual formulation such as tablets, films drops, sprays etc, evaluation parameters. Keywords: Sublingual delivery, dysphagia, sublingual gland, improved bioavailability, evaluations.
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Golubeva, M. I., М. V. Bidevkina, I. A. Bobrineva, I. N. Razumnaya, E. A. Fedorova, A. Yu Savchenko, G. V. Ramenskaya, and I. A. Pozharnov. "EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF THE TOXICITY AND HAZARD OF QUETIAPINE FUMARATE." Toxicological Review, no. 6 (January 5, 2021): 54–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.36946/0869-7922-2020-6-54-58.

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Quetiapine is a psychotropic drug, a dibenzothiazepine derivative and a representative of the class of neuroleptics (antipsychotic drugs) of a new subgroup – atypical antipsychotic drugs («second-generation antipsychotics»). Quetiapine fumarate belongs to the 3rd hazard class in terms of DL50 when administered in the stomach according to GOST 12.1.007-76 (DL50 1380-1680 mg/kg, mice and rats), has a local irritant effect: pronounced - on the mucous membrane of the eyes and moderately pronounced - on the skin. There are no signs of skin resorptive or cumulative effects of quetiapine fumarate. When inhaled, an aerosol of quetiapine fumarate has a general toxic and irritating effect in rats. The threshold of acute inhalation action of quetiapine fumarate is set at 6,2 mg/m3 for general toxic effect (effect on the quantitative composition of peripheral blood and the cardiovascular system) and irritating effect on the mucous membranes of the upper respiratory tract. For quetiapine fumarate, the tentative safe exposure level in the air of the working area is recommended at 0,2 mg/m3 , aerosol, with «+» - special protection of the skin and eyes is required. The tentative safe exposure level in the atmospheric air of urban and rural settlements is 0,002 mg/m3.
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Mykhalevych Marta, Paltov Yevgen, and Kryvko Yurii. "ПАТОМОРФОЛОГІЧНІ ЗМІНИ СТРУКТУР ПІДНИЖНЬОЩЕЛЕПНОЇ СЛИННОЇ ЗАЛОЗИ НАПРИКІНЦІ 6-го ТИЖНЯ ЕКСПЕРИМЕТАЛЬНОГО ОПІОЇДНОГО ВПЛИВУ." Science Review, no. 3(30) (March 31, 2020): 3–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.31435/rsglobal_sr/31032020/6992.

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The significant using of drugs and the prevalence of drug addiction in the last decades necessitates the study of the effects of opioids on the structural organization of organs and systems. The people with drug addiction syndrome have functional disorders of the salivary glands earlier than morphological changes in the mucous membrane of oral cavity.Reducing the amount of saliva and changing its composition lead to negative changes in the oral barrier function, salivary pH which is the main natural regulator of oral cavity homeostasis. This publication demonstrates the morphological changes of the submandibular salivary gland under the opioid effect at the 6th week of the experimental research.
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Kiryanova, V. V., V. A. Alexandrova, and A. V. Gordeichuk. "NARROWBAND OPTICAL EMISSION WAVELENGTH OF 540 NMIN THE COMPLEX TREATMENT OF CHILDREN WITH CHRONIC GASTRODUODENITIS." HERALD of North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov 9, no. 1 (March 15, 2017): 102–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/mechnikov201791102-106.

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Effects of low-intensity narrow-band optical irradiation wavelength of 540 nm on the clinical course of chronic gastroduodenitis in children, the mucous membrane of upper gastrointestinal tract morpho- logical status, the motor function of the gallbladder and esophagus. It was discovered that combina- tion therapy has a definite advantage over drug treatment on elimination of clinical manifestations and morphological and motor indicators of gastrointestinal tract dicfunction
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Nagorna, L. V. "ФАРМАКО–ТОКСИКОЛОГІЧНА ОЦІНКА ПРЕПАРАТУ «ЦИФЛУР»." Scientific Messenger of LNU of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnologies 18, no. 3(71) (October 13, 2016): 214–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/nvlvet7149.

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The results of pharmaco–toxicological evaluation insectoacaricid preparation «Tsiflur», in particular the study of locally irritating effect of the drug on the skin and mucous membranes of rabbits eyes. The preparation «Tsiflur» – representative of synth pyrethroids, in its composition has the active ingredient cyfluthrin, production NPF «Brovafarma». According to the manufacturer's instructions, the preparation recommended for the control of flying midges and other representatives akaroentomofauny that have veterinary importance. The tool is a clear oily solution of a yellowish color.Experimental studies were conducted on rabbits analogues in several stages. In the first phase we studied local irritant effect of the preparation in varying degrees of dilution when applied to intact skin of rabbits. The aim of the second stage of the research was to determine the local irritant effect of the d preparation on the mucous membrane of the eyes of rabbits.It has been established that the preparation «Tsiflur» in the test concentration (1: 100, 1: 200, 1: 400 concentrate solution) during the observation period did not show locally irritating effects in a single application to the intact areas of the skin of rabbits. Monitoring the bellies of the experiment showed no redness, swelling, thickening of the skin folds and the pain response to palpation place application of the preparation. Not set also signs of toxic effects of native preparation «Tsiflur», when applied under similar conditions. The reaction of the skin of animals per application experimental preparation was valued at 0 points. In the study of the preparation in a similar concentration on the possibility of providing local irritant effect on the mucous membrane of the eyes of rabbits determined that the native application of the preparation led to the emergence of a slight reddening of the eye mucosa and the appearance of watery eyes. These symptoms disappear without any intervention on the second day of the experiment. The reaction to the introduction of the preparation «Tsiflur» was estimated at 1 point, for each identified symptom.
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Sachuk, R. M., S. V. Zhyhalyuk, I. M. Lukyanik, M. S. Mandyhra, Ya S. Stravsky, and O. A. Katsaraba. "Research of acute toxicity, allergizing and local-irritative action of the veterinary drug “Yodozol”." Veterinary Medicine: inter-departmental subject scientific collection, no. 105 (August 7, 2019): 54–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.36016/vm-2019-105-10.

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The purpose of the work was to determine, in experiments on rodents, the parameters of acute toxicity, allergenic and locally irritative effects of iodine-containing uterine drug for the treatment and prevention of intrauterine infections of animals. Materials and methods. Preclinical studies of acute toxicity of “Yodosol” containing iodine and potassium iodide were performed on 90 white mice, 30 white outbred rats and 6 rabbits. Clinical, pharmacotoxicological and statistical methods were used. Results of work. It has been found that at intragastric administration in experimental rats and mice, DL50 values exceed 8,000 mg/kg body weight and have no effect on the behavioral responses and physiological parameters of laboratory animals. It has been investigated that “Yodosol” aerosol has no local toxic and irritant effects on the skin and mucous membranes of laboratory animals (rabbits). Conclusions. The use of the drug «Yodosol», in doses above 8,000 mg/kg body weight, does not affect the behavioral responses and physiological parameters of laboratory animals. The drug has no local toxic and irritant effects on the skin and mucous membranes. According to the requirements of SOU 85.2-37-736:2011 and GOST 12.1.007-76, the newly developed drug “Yodosol” belongs to low-toxic substances — 4 toxicity classes
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Mucous Membrane, drug effects"

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Sajadi, Tabassi Sayyed Abolghasem. "Some effects of mercaptans on membranes and mucus." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.243647.

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Yip, Aaron. "Effects of Angelica sinensis extract on mucus synthesis and cell proliferation of the stomach." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2000. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B22227234.

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Paulsson, Mattias. "Controlled Release Gel Formulations for Mucosal Drug Delivery." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis : Univ.-bibl. [distributör], 2001. http://publications.uu.se/theses/91-554-5173-X/.

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葉衍葳 and Aaron Yip. "Effects of Angelica sinensis extract on mucus synthesis and cell proliferation of the stomach." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2000. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31969884.

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Julian, Thomas Nicholas. "The Effects of ultrasound on drug permeation through membrane barriers /." Ann Arbor, Mich. : Univ. Microfilms Intern, 1985. http://www.gbv.de/dms/bs/toc/016438418.pdf.

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Mathers, Alicia R. "The effects of the route of viral infection on the balance of T helper immune responses." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2005. https://etd.wvu.edu/etd/controller.jsp?moduleName=documentdata&jsp%5FetdId=3825.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--West Virginia University, 2005
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains ix, 155 p. : ill. Vita. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references.
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Ziegler, Hanne Lindvig. "Antiplasmodial activity of natural products : effect of incorporation into erythrocyte membrane /." Cph. : Royal Danish School of Pharmacy, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, 2002. http://www.dfh.dk/phd/defences/hanneziegler.htm.

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Dricu, Anica. "Role of dolichyl phosphate, N-linked glycosylation and cell membrane expression of insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor in maintenance of malignant cell growth /." Stockholm, 1997. http://diss.kib.ki.se/1997/91-628-2751-0.

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Engvall, Caroline. "Drug Partitioning into Natural and Artificial Membranes : Data Applicable in Predictions of Drug Absorption." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis : Univ.-bibl. [distributör], 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-5752.

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FRANCA, CYNTHIA M. "Avaliação in vivo dos efeitos preventivo e terapeutico do laser em baixa intensidade em mucosite bucal induzida por quimioterápico em hamsters." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2005. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/11390.

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Dissertacao (Mestrado Profissionalizante em Lasers em Odontologia)
IPEN/D-MPLO
Intituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares, IPEN/CNEN-SP; Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade de Sao Paulo
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Books on the topic "Mucous Membrane, drug effects"

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Farage, Miranda A., Christian Surber, and Peter Elsner. Topical applications and the mucosa. Basel: Karger, 2011.

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Filaretova, L. P. (Li︠u︡dmila Pavlovna) and Takeuchi K. (Koji), eds. Cell/tissue injury and cytoprotection/organoprotection in the gastrointestinal tract: Mechanisms, prevention, and treatment. Basel: Karger, 2012.

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Mucke, Hermann A. M. Transdermal & transmucosal therapeutics: New developments in drug delivery. Westborough, MA: D & MD Publications, 2004.

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Khutoryanskiy, Vitaliy V. Mucoadhesive materials and drug delivery systems. Chichester, West Sussex: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2014.

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C, Srivastava R. Surface activity in drug action. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 2005.

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Coșofreț, Vasile V. Pharmaceutical applications of membrane sensors. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 1992.

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1931-, Chambers P. L., Tuomisto Jouko, and Chambers C. M, eds. Toxic interfaces of neurones, smoke, and genes: Proceedings of the European Society of Toxicology Meeting held in Kuopio, June 16-19, 1985. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1986.

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1927-, Segawa Tomio, ed. Physiology and pharmacology of transmembrane signalling: Proceedings of the Uehara Memorial Foundation Symposium on the Mechanism of Transmembrane Signalling, Tokyo, Japan May 12-14, 1988. Amsterdam: Excerpta Medica, 1989.

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Alcohol and biological membranes. New York: Guilford Press, 1985.

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Khutoryanskiy, Vitaliy V. Mucoadhesive Materials and Drug Delivery Systems. Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, John, 2014.

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Book chapters on the topic "Mucous Membrane, drug effects"

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Vincenzi, F. F., and T. R. Hinds. "Drug Effects on Plasma Membrane Calcium Transport." In Calcium in Drug Actions, 147–62. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-71806-9_8.

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Mason, R. Preston. "Molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of cholesterol on neuronal cell membrane function and drug-membrane interactions." In Lipids, health, and behavior., 127–38. Washington: American Psychological Association, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/10259-007.

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Lúcio, Marlene, José L. F. C. Lima, and Salette Reis. "Drug-Membrane Interactions: Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Therapeutic and Toxic Effects of Drugs." In Ideas in Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, 191–214. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527630516.ch8.

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Fuchs, Ju¨rgen. "Environmental Effects on Skin Lipids and Impairment of Barrier Function." In Membrane Structure in Disease and Drug Therapy. CRC Press, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780203910054.ch5.

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Kadenbach, Bernhard, and Susanne Arnold. "3,5-Diiodothyronine Binds to Subunit Va of Cytochrome c Oxidase Possible Mechanism of Short-Term Effects of Thyro." In Membrane Structure in Disease and Drug Therapy. CRC Press, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780203910054.ch15.

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Cristina Ferreira, Ana, Marcelo Freire, Vanessa Siqueira, Carolina Ferreira, and Maria Teresa Santos. "Brain Injury and Neuroinflammation of the Gut-Brain Axis in Subjects with Cerebral Palsy." In Advancement and New Understanding in Brain Injury [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.95763.

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Cerebral Palsy (CP) is a limiting deficiency, characterized by a permanent neuromotor disorder which affects movements, resulting in non-progressive lesions of the immature brain during the neuro psychomotor stages. Epidemiological studies of premature births correlated with the presence of high levels of inflammation in the umbilical cord, amniotic fluid, and fetal blood, being that one of the most relevant underlying physiopathological mechanisms includes inflammation and intra-amniotic infection, with inflammatory response and damage to the developing brain. Recently attributed to the excessive production of cytokines, CP inflammation is mostly modulated through diet restriction, intestinal dysfunction, and drug intake. The high prevalence of convulsive crises in individuals with CP (77%) on its own does not bring about post inflammatory and post convulsive cytokine synthesis, treated with antiepileptic medication. In these individuals, there is high incidence of intestinal constipation (47%), besides oral dysbiosis, gingival bleeding and even greater increase in chronic inflammation. The dysbiosis causes an increase in mucous permeability (leaky-gut) of the gut-brain axis, and increase in seric endotoxin, demonstrating a persistent inflammatory state, and supporting the emergence of new side effects, which can become the object of future research.
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William Tong, C. Y. "Exanthemata." In Tutorial Topics in Infection for the Combined Infection Training Programme. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198801740.003.0047.

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An exanthem (or exanthema) is a widespread skin rash accompanying a disease or fever. It usually occurs in children as part of a common systemic childhood viral infection, but can also occur in adults and can be caused by bacterial infections, toxin or drug reactions. An enanthem (or enanthema) is a rash that occurs in the mucous membrane, typically in the mouth, as the result of the same disease process of an exanthema. Because the presence of a rash is a very striking feature, historically, several of the commonly seen febrile illnesses associated with rash have been recognized and named in numerical order. There are various things to look out for when assessing a patient with exanthema. These can include the type and evolution of the rash, as well as contact, vaccine, drug, sexual, and travel history. ● Type of rash: ■ maculopapular; ■ vesicular; ■ petechial. ● Evolution of the rash: ■ prodrome, if any; ■ date of onset of fever; ■ date of onset of the rash; ■ progression of the rash (e.g. starting location and spread); ■ other associated features (e.g. conjunctivitis, lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly). ● Contact history: ■ history of contact with anyone with febrile or rash illness; ■ recent local outbreaks, if any; ■ contact with other vulnerable individuals before and after onset of illness (for infection control purposes). ● Vaccine history: ■ recent history of any vaccination; ■ previous vaccination history (particularly MMR and varicella); ■ timing of these vaccines and number of doses. ● Drug history: ■ including antibiotics given for the illness. ● Sexual history: ■ always consider this in any patient. ● Recent travel history: ■ record timing and location; ■ history of insect bites. A good description of the rash can help in narrowing down the possible causes. The commonly seen rashes can be maculopapular, vesicular, or petechial. Maculopapular rash can be further categorized into subtypes. These include: ● morbilliform—a red rash which is measles-like, two to ten mm in diameter, and which merge to form confluent patches.
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Henrique Godoi, Bruno, Juliana Ferreira Strixino, Newton Soares da Silva, and Cristina Pacheco Soares. "Can PDT Alter the Glycosylation of the Tumor Cell Membrane?" In Photodynamic Therapy - from Basic Science to Clinical Research [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.94172.

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Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) is a cancer treatment that used the interaction of a photosensitizing drug and a light source. PDT can lead to changes in the expression of various cellular elements, compromising cell adhesion, and cytoskeleton integrity in cells undergoing treatment. However, the pathways of cellular alterations caused by this treatment are little known. Alterations in expression in surface glycoproteins and glycolipids are significant features in malignant tumor transformation and are strongly associated with tumor cell adhesion, invasion, and metastasis. This study evaluated photodynamic therapy effects on indirect distribution surface glycoproteins in human laryngeal carcinoma HEp-2 cell line surface, using Click-iT™ Metabolic Glycoprotein Labeling Reagent. Aluminum Phthalocyanine Tetrasulfonate (AlPcS4) was administrated at 5 μM/mL, followed by one hour of the incubation period for its accumulation in the tumor cells. After this time, cultures were irradiated with LED (light-emitting diode) dispositive (BioPdi/IRRAD-LED) λ = 660 nm. Evaluation of glycoproteins was performed by flow cytometry. Knowledge of the cellular alterations caused by the treatment will allow obtaining tools for the potentiation or optimization and personalization of the anticancer treatment. This therapy has a low cost and better efficacy, when applied early, about radiotherapy chemotherapy.
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Molnár, Ildikó. "Deiodinase Enzymes and Their Activities in Graves’ Hyperthyroidism." In Graves' Disease [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.97007.

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The origin of hyperthyroidism in Graves’ disease was displayed demonstrating the complexity of the processes. The role of stimulating TSH receptor antibodies is the one factor for the production of increased thyroidal T3 and T4. The T3 and T4 formation in colloid-embedded thyroglobulin and the activities of thyroidal deiodinases [type 1 (DIO1) and type 2 (DIO2)] play a crucial role in that. The findings of different authors were summarized with respect to highlighting the role of tissue-specific deiodinase activities. Apart from the results of experimental studies, the clinical results were brought to the front. The role of tissue-specific type 2 deiodinase activity was demonstrated according to thyroid function, the presence of autoantibodies against thyroid peroxidase (TPO), thyroglobulin (Tg) and TSH receptor. Autoantibodies against human eye muscle membrane and cytosol antigens had influencing effects on tissue-specific DIO2 activities, and the antieye muscle antibody immunoglobulin isotypes were associated with eye muscle enlargements. Antithyroid drug (ATD) therapy demonstrated relevant effects on tissue-specific DIO2 activities, which were manifested in the alterations of thyroid hormone levels. An asymptomatically appearance of autoantibodies against peptides corresponding to amino acid sequence of DIO2 was detected associating with thyroid hormone and anti-TPO, anti-Tg and TSH receptor antibody levels during the therapy.
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"Cell Structure And Function." In Oxford Assess and Progress: Medical Sciences, edited by Jade Chow, John Patterson, Kathy Boursicot, and David Sales. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199605071.003.0013.

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Almost every medical student in the United Kingdom, and in many other countries, begins his or her studies with a course on basic cellular structure and function. Such courses are often designed to help students from a variety of educational backgrounds to appreciate the concepts and vocabulary central to all of the life sciences. Over time this core knowledge will be supplemented by other, more specific, areas of medical science until the point is reached at which learners can apply their scientific understanding to those processes of clinical reasoning that lead to diagnosis and treatment. Medical science assists the process of diagnosis by explaining how underlying disease states produce characteristic symptoms and signs. It also facilitates safer treatment by explaining many of the properties, both beneficial and deleterious, of the increasing range of oft en potent therapeutic agents used in clinical management. This chapter poses questions about the basic chemicals of life: proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates. It also covers significant features of the cell membrane and cellular organelles as well as cell division, cellular differentiation, and cell death. Understanding the basic principles of intracellular and intercellular communication and regulation provides the foundation for appreciating the role that these processes play in normal and abnormal neural and hormonal control, which will be considered in more detail in later chapters. All of these topics will eventually contribute to a medical student’s grasp of normal structure and function and how it becomes disturbed in disease. The current chapter also includes questions on basic pharmacokinetics. Knowing how each drug works — that is to say its kinetics and mode of action — is a first step in learning to prescribe safely. Other important principles will be added later in the medical student learning process: for example, the indications and contraindications for the use of a drug; any unwanted side-effects; the route of administration and dosages to produce optimal effects. All of this information must be mastered to help prevent the prescribing errors that are all too common in clinical practice.
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Conference papers on the topic "Mucous Membrane, drug effects"

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Jayasuriya, A. Champa, Anthony Darr, and Nabil A. Ebraheim. "Chemotherapy Drug Encapsulated Poly(Lactic-Co-Glycolic Acid) Nanoparticles." In ASME 2006 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2006-14694.

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In order to exhibit pharmacological activity at the bone cancer site, high-dose chemotherapy drugs need to be used. This often causes toxicity and unfavorable systemic adverse effects leading to significant problems to the patient. Since nanoparticles are in subcellular size, they can effectively entered to the cell membrane that could result in higher cellular uptake. In this study, we report preparation and characterization of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) - PLGA nanoparticles, which encapsulated with chemotherapy drug cisplatin.
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Sayar, Ersin, and Bakhtier Farouk. "Three Dimensional Dynamic Analysis of a Piezoelectric Valveless Micropump: Effects of Working Fluid." In ASME 2012 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2012-88978.

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Coupled structural and fluid flow analysis of a piezoelectric valveless micropump is carried out for liquid transport applications. The valveless micropump consists of trapezoidal prism inlet/outlet elements; the pump chamber, a thin structural layer (Pyrex glass) and a piezoelectric element (PZT-5A), as the actuator. Two-way coupling of forces and displacements between the solid and the liquid domains in the systems are considered where actuator deflection and motion causes fluid flow and vice-versa. Flow contraction and expansion (through the trapezoidal prism inlet and outlet respectively) generates net fluid flow. The pressure, velocity, flow rate and pump membrane deflections of the micropump are investigated for six different working fluids (acetone, methanol, ethanol, water, and two hypothetical fluids). For the compressible flow formulation, an isothermal equation of state for the working fluid is employed. Three-dimensional governing equations for the flow fields and the structural-piezoelectric bi-layer membrane motions are considered. Comparison of the pumping characteristics of the micropumps operating with different working fluids can be utilized to optimize the design of MEMS based micropumps in drug delivery and biomedical applications.
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3

Divetia, Asheesh, Nolan Yoshimura, Guann-Pynn Li, Baruch D. Kuppermann, and Mark Bachman. "Controlled and Programmable Drug Delivery Using a Self-Powered MEMS Device." In ASME 2007 2nd Frontiers in Biomedical Devices Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/biomed2007-38054.

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Controlled and targeted drug delivery systems have gained a lot of interest as they offer numerous benefits such as precise dosing, reduced side-effects and increased patient compliance. We have designed a microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) drug delivery device that is capable of releasing drugs in a controlled and programmable manner. This self-powered device does not require any external stimulation or control to achieve pulsatile release of drugs. The device consists of multiple reservoirs containing the drug embedded together with a water-swellable polymer. The swelling of the polymer upon contact with water and the resulting pressure generated is used as an actuation mechanism to release drugs from each reservoir. The programmable release of the drug from the device is achieved by controlling the diffusion rate of water from the surrounding environment into each reservoir. The drug is released from the reservoir when the swellable polymer absorbs water from the environment and generates enough pressure to break an overlying rupturable membrane. We have demonstrated that controlled and pulsatile drug delivery can be achieved using this delivery device, without any external power or control.
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4

Arita, H., and T. Nakano. "INFLUENCE OF β-LACTAM ANTIBIOTICS ON THE PLATELETS IN VITRO EFFECTS OF SOME β-LACTAM ANTIBIOTICS ON THE BIOCHEMICAL RESPONSES OF RAT PLATELETS." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1644814.

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The inhibitory mechanism of 3-lactam antibiotics on rat platelets were studied using carbenicil1 in (CBPC) as a representative of the antibiotics. CBPC suppressed all the thrombin-induced cellular responses including shape change, secretion, and aggregation, however, it only suppressed aggregation of ADP-induced responses. This suggests that ADP binding to its own receptor was not affected by the drug while that of thrombin was inhibited. Inhibition of thrombinbinding was confirmed using 125CQSe 0f ADP-stimulated platelets, fibrinogen binding, which has an essential role for ADP-induced primary aggregation, was significantly suppressed by CBPC. Increase of a net negative charge of the membrane surface was observed after treatment of the platelets with antibiotics, and good correlation was obtained between suppression of the platelet responses and degree of net negativecharge of the antibiotics especially on the penicillin analogues. These findings strongly suggest that the inhibition of ligand binding to their own receptors is due to the increase of the negative charge of the platelet membranes which is probably caused by the antibiotic bound to the platelet membrane
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SIMON, M. F., H. CHAP, and L. DOUSTE-BLAZY. "EFFECTS OF SIN 1 ON PLATELET ACTIVATION INDUCED BY THROMBIN IN HUMAN PLATELETS." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1643423.

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The mechanism of platelet activation is well known. The interaction of agonist such as thrombin, on specific membrane receptor induces phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C activation, with a concomitant formation of two second messengers (from PIP2): inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) and diacylglycerol (DAG). IP3 is able to induce a rapid discharge of Ca2+ from internal stores and Ca2+ influx through plasma membrane by unidentified Ca2+ channels linked to receptor activation. The increase of cytoplasmic free calcium concentration leads to the activation of the calcium calmodulin dependent myosine light chain kinase which phosphoryla-tes 20 kD proteins (myosine light chain). DAG is a potent activator of protein kinase C, which phosphorylates 40 kD proteins. These different pathways act in synergism.Sin 1 is a platelet aggregating inhibitor. This compound is an active metabolite of molsidomine, which activates platelet guany-late cyclase, inducing a rapid rise in cyclic GMP level. The precise role of cyclic GMP in platelet activation is not yet known. In order to study the mechanism of action of this drug, we tried to determine the effect of Sin 1 on the different steps described above. We measured Ca2+ fluxes and phospholipase C activation in thrombin (0,5 U/ml) stimulated platelets in the presence of different doses of Sin 1 (10™7-10™3M). Serotonin secretion was inhibited by 30 % with Sin 1 (10™4M-10™5m). A parallel inhibition of phospholipase C was detected by measurement of [32P)-PA level. Platelets loaded with Quin 2 and stimulated by thrombin showed a 70 % inhibition of external Ca2+ influx as soon as a concentration of 10™7M of Sin 1 was added. A study on platelet loaded with [45Ca2+) and Quin 2 confirmed these results. On the contrary, discharge of internal Ca2+ store seemed to be unaffected.In conclusion, the major effect of Sin 1 on platelet phospholipase C pathway is an inhibition of Ca2+ influx through plasma membrane. Some further experiments are necessary to shown whether this inhibition is correlated with cyclic GMP formation (the major effect of Sin 1) and try to establish a relation between this inhibition and that exerted on phospholipase C.Sin 1 was a generous gift of Hoechst.
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McGee, James K., Koby Kubrin, Adeel Ahmed, and Michael G. Schrlau. "3D Printed Carbon Nanotube Array Interface for In Vivo Drug Delivery." In ASME 2017 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2017-71815.

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The development of gene therapies, small molecules and nanoparticle-based therapeutics in pharmacology have prompted the need for parenteral administration as they possess limited bioactivity, low stability, high specificity and potency. The ability to directly deliver drugs to a specific area offers the capability of minimized required drug quantity, localization of exposure, and limited systemic side effects. Currently, there is no standard for the creation of implantable devices to monitor health status and provide therapeutic treatment. We explored the applications and uses for carbon nanotube based arrays for in vivo drug delivery, specifically as an implantable reusable mode of delivery. The increased availability of 3D printing allows for not only the rapid and reproducible fabrication of designs, but also the ability to incorporate these carbon nanotube arrays in ways that are not feasible using traditional machining methods. These techniques offer the means to design and fabricate a reservoir on carbon nanotube arrays to create a loadable reservoir that can regulate flow, dispensing cargo for mass cellular injection. This research focuses primarily on the development of an attachable drug reservoir for these devices and looks to explore the possibilities of designing reservoirs made out of biocompatible 3D printed materials such as plastics, alloys, or bioceramics. We explored several routes, including a rigid and semi-rigid, as well as how each design impacted the flow through the membrane.
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Ecker, Tobias, and Christopher G. Rylander. "Modelling of Magnetic Targeting of Therapeutic Nanoparticles in a Two Phase Microvessel Flow." In ASME 2011 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2011-53834.

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Magnetic particle targeting is a new approach in cancer drug administration which aims to reduce side effects, increase healing rate and reduce treatment time. For this purpose a therapeutic agent is equipped with a magnetizable membrane and administered intravenously. A rare earth magnet can then be used to target cancerous tissue in proximity of the blood vessel.
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Artmann, G., R. Grebe, H. Wolff, R. Degenhardt, and H. Schmid-SchÖnbein. "NOVEL TECHIQUES FOR QUANTIFICATION OF RBC-SHAPE (RS) AND SHEAR INDUCED RBC ELONGATION (SIRE): APPLICATION FOR ANALYSIS OF DRUG INDUCED ALTERATIONS." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1644217.

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In the past, red cell resting shape could only be assessed by subjective scaling, red cell deformability by a variety of rheological tests that are extremelydifficult to standardize and which all subject the RBC to high deforming forces. None of the latter have been accepted as reference in haematology, haemorheologyor pharmacology. A recent development from our group now allows objective, numerical analysis of red cell membrane curvature (i.e. the echinocytic or stomatocytic deviation from the discocytic resting shape) by a tangent count procedure in optical sections through freely suspended, randomly oriented RBC: (Grebe et al. Biorheology 22(6), 1985). Also, the deformation of point attached erythrocytes under the influence of extremely low shear stresses (0.05 Pa to 0.5 Pa, ARTOANN:Clin. Hemorheology 6, 1986), which are at least two orders of magnitude lower thanthat in any routinely available filtration method allows for the first time to model in vitro the extreme low flow states that occur in severe forms of haemodynamic insufficiency. These two methods in combination are ideally suited for routine tests of drug effects on normal human RBC: the drug action on RS can be monitored continuously during the action of drugs in the suspending medium; likewise, RISA can be recorded automatically on one population of adherent RBC while altering the composition and the drug concentration in the superfusate. The two methods were applied in combination to test rheological and membranological effects of two distinctly different compounds, namely Bencyclan (Bencylan-Hydrogen-Fumarate) and Vinpocitin (Aethyl vincamin) in normal cells and in cells after exposure to "stress conditions", i.e. hyperosmolarity and lactacidosis. Both olrugs given to n o r m a 1 RBC produce stomatocytosis in a done dependent fashion (1-100 uMolar). At shear stresses above o.6 Pa, the RISA is identical to controls, but is oxmsiderably less pronounced at lower shear stresses (T < 0.2 Pa). Thus, drugs of completely olifferent pharmacological action produce clear cut rheological effects on RBC in the micrcmolar concentration range; the combination of methods employed opens new possibilities for the systematic development of haemorheologically active drugs.Supported by DFG:Grant Gr 902/1-1
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Levy-Toledano, D., D. Weill, J. Maclouf, F. Rendu, and C. Soria. "INHIBITORY EFFECT OF SIN 1 ON PLATELET FUNCTION:POSSIBLE INTEREFRENCE WITH PHOSPHOLIPASE C AND FIBRINOGEN BINDING." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1643424.

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The mode of action of SIN 1, the main metabolite of an antianginal drug (Molsidomine) was investigated in vitro on huma platelet functions. SIN 1 inhibited dose dependently platelet activation as reflected by aggregation and release of serotonin induced by arachidonic acid, prostaglandin endoperoxydes analogues (U 46619, U 44069), collagen, and ADP (figst and second wave). The maximal inhibition was reached at 10−5 M. The thromboxane (TX) synthesis was inconsis^antly impaired even at high concentrations of SIN 1 (104 M) suggesting a discrepancy between the inhibitory effect on platelet activation and TX formation. The main cofactor of ADP-stimulated aggregation is fibrinogen ; SIN 1 dose-dependently inhibited the fibrinogen binding to platelets thereby explaining it antiaggregatory properties.In order to further investigate the mechanism of action of this drug on platelet activation we tested SIN 1 on the thrombin-induced phg^phosinositide metabolism and protein phosphorylation on 32P-prelabelled isolated platelets.P-phosphatidate (PA) formation was greatly inhibited. Phosphorylations of the myosin light chain (P20) and of 43 kDa protein (P43) were also reduced. These effects were accompanied by an inhibition of serotoninrelease, TXB2 synthsei^, and platelet aggregation.SIN rl_would seem to act on early biochemical events and more especially at thelevel of the membrane phospholipase C.
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10

Aznar-Salatti, J., G. Escolar, L. Almirall, A. Ordinas, and E. Bastida. "DIPYRIDAMOLE INDUCES CHANGES IN THE THROMBOGENIC PROPIERTIES OF ENDOTHELIAL CELL EXTRACELLULAR MATRICES." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1643422.

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Dipyridamole (DIP) is a pirydo-pirymidine drug widely used as an antiplatelet agent.DIP has also been demonstrated to have effects on various cultured cells. We studied platelet reactivity of extracellular matrices (ECMs) produced by untreated (ECM-c) and DIP-treated (ECM-DIP) endothelial cells (ECs).Confluent monolayers of EC were incubated in buffer containing 0 or 10 pM. DIP for 48 h. The ECMs were prepared by removing the EC with 2% EGTA (1 h at 37°C). Platelet deposition onto the ECMs was measured under flow conditions using a flat chamber perfusion model ECM-c and ECM-DIP were exposed for 5 min to whole blood at shear rates of 300 or 1300 sec~1.Then, the perfused ECMs were processed for cross sectional morphometric evaluation using a computer system. The platelet, deposition is expressed as total surface covered with platelets (mean±SEM ) and shown in the table.Platelet aggregate formation on ECM-DIP at 1300 sec-1 was also reduced(by 25%)as measured morphometrically. We conclude that DIP-treatment of EC results in ECM modifications,which in turn decrease ECM-platelet interactions.These data also suggest that pharmacological treatment of the endothelium influences basement membrane reactivity.
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