Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Mucoviscidose – Inflammation'
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GIUDICELLI, JACQUES. "Mucoviscidose : proteines de l'inflammation et cytokines seriques." Lyon 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993LYO1M054.
Full textEscotte, Sandie. "Inflammation de la muqueuse bronchite dans la mucoviscidose. Approches thérapeutiques." Reims, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001REIMS024.
Full textGrumbach, Yaël. "Effet de la lipoxine A4 sur l'épithélium bronchique humain." Montpellier 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007MON20074.
Full textGauthier, Alexandre. "Rôle des protéases à sérine du polynucléaire neutrophile dans l'inflammation associée à la mucoviscidose." Thesis, Tours, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009TOUR4040.
Full textNo summary available
Lévêque, Manuella. "Résolution de l'inflammation - infection dans les macrophages de patients atteints de mucoviscidose : impact de la membrane." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016REN1B041/document.
Full textMacrophages play a significant role in the initiating stages of immune responses regulating inflammation and clearance of the pathogens. In cystic fibrosis, inability of the macrophage to act as a suppressor cell leading to chronic inflammation/infection cannot be resolved. The aims of this work was to find new targets responsible for alterations in cystic fibrosis macrophages. Regarding inflammation, the soluble form of CD14 (sCD14), find overproduced by cystic fibrosis macrophages, is characterized to be a DAMP as it contributes for maintenance of inflammation in tissues. Regarding infection, the activity of TRPV2, involved in phagocytic capacity of macrophage, is impaired. In cystic fibrosis, inflammation and infection were closely linked to the alteration of the plasma membrane microstructures involved in the production of sCD14 and in the phagocytosis process. In conclusion, the alterations of macrophage weaken innate defense of cystic fibrosis patients and may be involved in cystic fibrosis disease progression and lung damage. Consequently, interventions aimed to reduce ongoing infection and destructive inflammatory response may be beneficial in order to preserve their lung function. In this way, therapeutic approaches aimed to correct cystic fibrosis macrophages dysfunctions might provide improved resolution of infection and inflammation
Bardin, Pauline. "Inflammation pulmonaire et rôle des microARN dans la mucoviscidose Small RNA and transcriptome sequencing reveal the role of miR-199a-3p in inflammatory processes in cystic fibrosis airways Mucoviscidose : dans la ligne des miR." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUS046.
Full textIn patients with cystic fibrosis (CF), at the pulmonary level, the ionic imbalance caused by CFTR chloride channel dysfunction promoting hyper-inflammation, whose regulatory mechanisms are altered. In this context, the NF-κB pathway is hyper-activated, but the origin of its deregulation remains uncertain. The aim of this work was to study the role of miRNA in pulmonary pathophysiology in CF patients. A small RNAseq analyse on bronchial epithelial cells cultured in air-liquid interface from CF patients and non-CF healthy subjects, allowed to identify miR-199a-3p, which is underexpressed in CF cells and regulates IKKβ directly and consequently the NF κB pathway activation and IL-8 secretion. In CF cells, miR-199a-3p origin is not due to pro-inflammatory context, nor CFTR intrinsic dysfunction but due to intracellular calcium concentration variation whose modulate the miR-199a-3p expression through one of the genes that synthesize it. Moreover, miR-199a-3p expression could be decreased following an infection by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, the most frequently found pathogen in CF airways. MiR-199a-3p can interact with others dysregulated miRNA in CF, the miR-636 and miR-9. MiR-636, an another miR identified by the small RNAseq, is overexpressed in CF cells and regulates negatively IL1R1 and IKKβ and positively RANK. Overexpression of miR-636 allows decreasing NF-κB pathway activation and IL-8, IL-6 secretions. MiR-199a-3p was a potential biomarker of plasma and miR-636 and miR-9 potential neutrophil biomarkers in CF patients vs non-CF. All these results illustrate the pivotal role of miRNA in lung inflammation in cystic fibrosis patients
HUBEAU, CEDRIC. "Caracteristiques cellulaires de l'inflammation dans les voies aeriennes de patients mucoviscidosiques (doctorat : genie biologique et medical)." Reims, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001REIMM202.
Full textDegroote, Sophie. "Glycosylation et sulfutation des mucines bronchiques humaines : influence de l'inflammation." Lille 1, 1999. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/1999/50376-1999-295.pdf.
Full textNous avons ensuite caractérisé, en périphérie des mucines bronchiques de patients CF ou atteints de bronchite chronique, une hypersialylation et une surexpression de l'épitope sialyl Lewis x liées à l'inflammation (et à l'infection), alors que l'hypersulfatation des mucines bronchiques serait une anomalie primaire, liée aux mutations du gène CFTR. L'influence de l'inflammation sur les phénomènes de glycosylation et de sulfatation a été confirmée en caractérisant une certaine augmentation des activités (Alpha)1-3-fucosyltransférasiques, (Alpha)2-3-sialyltransférasiques et GlcNac-6-O-sulfotransférasique induite par le facteur de nécrose tumorale dans la lignée MM-39 d'origine glandulaire bronchique humaine, et dans des explants bronchiques. Enfin, nous avons démontré que P. Aeruginosa reconnaissait préférentiellement l'épitope sialyl Lewis x présent en périphérie des mucines bronchiques humaines et surexprimé chez les patients très infectés, ce qui pourrait expliquer la persistance de cette bactérie dans la mucoviscidose
Henry, Clémence. "Caractérisation du rôle du canal calcique TRPV4 dans la réponse inflammatoire pulmonaire : implication dans la mucoviscidose." Thesis, Tours, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014TOUR4037.
Full textCystic fibrosis (CF) is due to mutations in the gene encoding the Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane conductance Regulator (CFTR). The pulmonary consequence of the disease accunts for over 90 % of the morbidity and mortality and is characterized by chronic infection and persistent inflammation. This uncontrolled inflammation participates significantly to the degradation of the lung tissue. Despite recent progress, current therapies do not allow effecgive treatment of CF lung disease. It is therefore necessary to characterize nex cellular and molecular mechanisms that could contribute to lung inflammation. In that purpose, we focused on the calcium channel "Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid 4" (TRPV4) expressed by respiratory epithelium. Using in vitro and in vivo approaches, we found that TRP4 activation triggers the secretion of inflammatory mediators (including cytokines and lipids) and leukocytes recruitment into the lungs. We also observed a significant alteration of TRPV4-dependent signalling in the CF context, suggesting that TRPV4 could constitue a promising target for the development of new anti-inflammatory therapies in lung diseases such as CF
Bitam, Sara. "Nouveaux correcteurs de la protéine F508del-CFTR dans le contexte de la mucoviscidose." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA05T034.
Full textCystic fibrosis is due to the loss of epithelial chloride transport caused by mutations in the CFTR gene, the most frequent mutation being F508del. One of the strategies developed to find new treatment for Cystic fibrosis (CF) is to discover compounds that correct the trafficking of F508del-CFTR to the plasma membrane. Using hypothesis-driven approach and combining modeling of NBD1, molecular docking and functional assays, we identified 4 compounds that correct F508del-CFTR function in cells (including human primary bronchial cells in culture) and F508del mice. New correctors probably act by interrupting the interaction between F508del-CFTR with keratin 8 (Odolczyk et al EMBO Mol Med 2013). During my PhD, I focused on one of those molecules, the "c407" molecule. The aim of my thesis was to investigate the mechanisms of action of this molecule. I have also evaluated the effectiveness of current treatments in the context of complex alleles F508del-CFTR. In the second part of my thesis, I studied the effect of a cytokine (TNFα) on the protein F508del-CFTR. Unexpectedly, I observed that the TNFα at physiological concentrations, corrects the trafficking of F508del-CFTR protein. This observation could explain a residual function of F508del-CFTR in some CF patients. In conclusion, my thesis helped to clarify the mechanisms of action of new correctors of F508del-CFTR
Corvol, Henriette. "Inflammation dans la mucoviscidose : étude fonctionnelle des neurophiles et études des polymorphismes des gènes de l'inflammation." Paris 6, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA066117.
Full textRocca, Jeremy. "Caractérisation d’un agent anti-inflammatoire et approches pharmacologiques pour contrôler l’inflammation pulmonaire dans le contexte de la mucoviscidose." Thesis, Paris Est, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PESC0012.
Full textCystic fibrosis (CF) is characterized by a varied symptomatology dominated by the lung injury severity and inappropriate inflammatory response. It is caused by mutations in the CFTR gene that encodes a cAMP-dependent chloride channel on the surface of epithelial cells. Airway inflammation with neutrphilic profil is characterised by increased Interleukine-8 (IL-8) secretion with dysregulation of transcription factors implicated in the inflammatory pathway such as NF-κB, AP-1 and PPARγ.Our aim is to evaluate agents with anti-inflammatory effect in CF context and to decrypt their mechanisms of action. We have study the effect of anti-inflammatory FDA approved drugs having a yet undefined effect in CF airway epithelial cells and the effect of COMMD1 a pleiotropic protein involved in the inhibition of inflammation and identified in the laboratory to interact with CFTR.In a first time we have shown the anti-inflammatory activity of COMMD1 mediated by its anti-NF-kB activity in the CF context. In a second time we have shown that sulindac and amlexanox can modulate factors dysgulated in CF cells. Both inhibit NF-κB and activate PPARγ. Sulindac reduces IL-8 secretion in vitro on airway epithelial cells and in vivo in mouse model of lung inflammation. Additionally, sulindac increases CFTR-dependent chloride currents in non-CF primary human nasal epithelial cells suggesting that sulindac has a dual anti-inflammatory and potentiator effect.This research has allowed us to propose good anti-inflammatory agents for CF context and to initiate the study of their molecular targets
Moreilhon, Chimène. "Analyse transcriptome des réponses de l'hôte à des infections de l'épithélium respiratoire par S. Aureus et de l'estomac par H. Pylori." Nice, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005NICE4009.
Full textThe aim of my thesis was to study the host transcriptional responses to infection by Staphylococcus aureus (S. Aureus) and Helicobacter pylori (H. Pylori) with DNA microarray. To identify the mechanisms underlying the stronger sensibility to S. Aureus of the cystic fibrosis respiratory epithelium, I first studied the transcriptional response to epithelial respiratory MM-39 cells (WT) after a contact with S. Aureus or to bacterial supernatant containing bacterial secreted products. Transcription factors such as HIF and NF-kB, were over-expressed and activated, explaining the up-regulation of inflammatory molecules. A comparison between MM-39 cells and CF-KM4 cells (DF 508 mutated form of CFTR) after a contact with S. Aureus supernatant revealed that IL-1 and prostaglandins were up-regulated mainly in MM-39 cells, whereas IL-6, leukotrienes, and calgranulins were up-regulated mainly in CF-KM4 cells. I then analysed the transcriptome of stomach biopsies infected by H. Pylori, characterized by an activation of the complement cascade, along with a MHC-II elicited response. Whereas biopsies were extracted at gastritis stage, two genes previously found over-expressed in cancers were up-regulated, probably resulting from a non appropriate Th1 type CD4+ response associated with interferon gamma production. The microarray technology requires numerous interacting steps. After having developed a double strand cDNA microarray that can be used for most mammal species studies, I participated to the creation and validation of a human oligonucleotide collection corresponding to 95 % of all known human transcripts. I also set up and validated many analysis methods
Medjane, Samir. "Rôle de la protéine CFTR sur le métabolisme de l'acide arachidonique et l'expression de la phospholipase A2 secrétée de type IIA dans les cellules épithéliales pulmonaires." Paris 6, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA066154.
Full textKouadri, Amal. "Le cuivre influence le stress oxydatif et l'inflammation associés à la mucoviscidose et régule la barrière jonctionnelle bronchique saine via la protéine prion cellulaire (PrPC)." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAV080/document.
Full textIn cystic fibrosis (CF), inflammation is detected early on in the airways, even before the onset of bacterial infection, suggesting that mechanisms other than infection are at the origin of the initial inflammatory processes. Among these processes, there is the oxidative stress. The latter is widely accepted as a critical component of several diseases. My PhD project was focused on the characterization of the role of the oxidative stress in triggering inflammation in the CF disease. I used normal (HBE) and cystic fibrosis (CFBE) human bronchial epithelial cells. I also used two cell models derived from CFBE upon either, a stable expression of the wild-type protein (CFBE-wt), or its mutant form; delF508 (CFBEdeltaF508). The characterization of the inflammatory profile in our cellular models confirmed the presence of an intrinsic inflammation inCFBE cells. This profile was independent of the expression of the CFTR protein and was not modified upon the treatments with different molecules known to correct the trafficking of the mutant CFTR (delF508) protein. This suggest that other parameters might be the cause of the CF intrinsic inflammation. Recent studies from our group showed that cells from bronchial CF patients displayed a decrease in copper (Cu) concentrations, and increase in the production of free radicals, and a decrease in antioxidant enzyme activities, such as Cu/Zn-SOD. These results allowed us to establish a link between Cu levels, oxidative stress and inflammation. While investigating the levels of expression of a number of genes encoding proteins that control Cu homeostasis in HBE and CFBE cells, we found that the expression of the cellular prion protein (PrPC) was altered in CFBE cells. PrPC is a glycosyl phosphatidyl inositol (GPI)-anchored glycoprotein involved in prion infection, propagation and aggregation in the central nervous system that leads to transmissible spongiforme encephalopathies (TSE) diseases. Despite several in vitro and in vivo studies demonstrating the capacity of PrPC to interact with other proteins, to bind copper (Cu) with high affinity and to protect cells against oxidative stress, its physiological functions were still under investigations, particularly in extra-neuronal tissues, such as the bronchial epithelium. We have addressed the role of PrPC in the lung cellular architecture, by determining its impact on the integrity of the lung epithelial junctions. This was performed in relation to Cu homeostasis and oxidative stress in bronchial epithelial cells. To further understand PrPC function, we developed a new HBE PrPC knock-out cell line using the CRISPR/Cas9 strategy. Overall, my project brought new insights into the understanding copper involvement in inflammation, oxidative stress and jonctionnal barriers, and how PrPC protein protect bronchial epithelial cells form copper-associated oxidative stress
Muselet-Charlier, Céline. "Rôle des voies de signalisation intracellulaire dans la régulation de l'inflammation pulmonaire dans la mucoviscidose." Paris 6, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA066490.
Full textKammouni, Wafa. "Sécrétion des cellules glandulaires trachéales humaines en situation pro-inflammatoire : étude immuno-pharmacologique et implication dans la mucoviscidose." Aix-Marseille 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998AIX11018.
Full textBensalem, Noura. "Recherche des protéines impliquées dans la physiopathologie de la mucoviscidose : de la protéomique différentielle vers la compréhension de la maladie." Paris 6, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA066146.
Full textCystic Fibrosis (CF) is a lethal autosomal recessive genetic disease associated with mutations in the CFTR gene and abnormalities of exocrine epithelia. However, a number of clinical phenotypes can not be explained only by CFTR mutations suggesting the participation of other factors. The aim of this study was to identify the proteins involved in CF pathogenesis. The results of proteomic and cell biology analysis performed on colonic crypts from normal and cftr knock-out mice (cftr-/-, where crypts are the major site of CFTR defect) indicate that (i) annexin-1 (an anti-inflammatory protein) is down-regulated in cftr-/- mice and in epithelial nasal cells of CF patients homozygous for Y122X mutation, (ii) there is a diminished expression of mClCA3 (a potential Ca2+-dependent Cl- channel) associated with a decreased colonic mucin secretion in cftr-/- mice. Altogether, these results indicate that the proteomic approach is useful to unmask proteins that may be involved in CF pathogenesis
Dubouix, Anne. "Rôle des phospholipases dans les interactions bactéries -cellules hôtes : implications dans la mucoviscidose." Toulouse 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004TOU30251.
Full textBouazzi, Soufian. "Implications de la phosphatidylcholine phospholipase C, des transporteurs de dipeptides et de la cobalamine dans le processus inflammatoire. Application à l'étude de la mucoviscidose." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LORR0317/document.
Full textBackground: Lung diseases such as asthma or cystic fibrosis are major public health problems. They are manifested by chronic inflammation with increased production of proinflammatory cytokines leading to respiratory failure. Current therapeutic is aimed at controling the inflammatory response and also at improving drug bioavailability. Objective: The objective is to explore the involvement of phospholipases in inflammation and the role of peptide transporters in the transport of antibiotics in cystic fibrosis. We also sought to understand the effect of cobalamin supplementation on the effectiveness of dexamethasone in an inflammatory context. Methods: immunological techniques, electrophoresis, cell culture, immunoprecipitation and gene expression are used on normal or cystic fibrosis human bronchial cell lines. Results : 1) PC-PLC is constitutively overactivated in cystic fibrosis cells and leads to overproduction of arachidonate, to overexpression of Cox-2 , an overproduction of PGE2 , an interleukin -8 overexpression , and to alteration of beta-adrenergic secretion. Inhibition of this enzyme by D609 corrects these defects. 2) The activity of the dipeptide carrier involved in the transport of antibiotics, PEPT2, was characterized in normal bronchial cells (Vm = 115 pmol/106 cells / min, Km = 15µM). This transporter is not affected by an inflammatory context. However, it was shown to be inactive in CF cells. 3) Cobalamin potentiates the effect of dexamethasone on the expression and secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines induced by TNFa and histamine. Conclusions : This study should help 1) to highlight the importance of PC-PLC as a potential pharmacological target in cystic fibrosis. 2) to understand the relative ineffectiveness of antibiotics in this disease , and 3) to highlight a possible involvement of methionine cycle in the inflammatory process
Gernez, Yaël. "Mécanismes fonctionnels et signalisation intracellulaire dans les maladies allergiques et inflammatoires chez l'homme." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX20689/document.
Full textSummary of the first part. We hypothesized that granulocytes were not only playing an effector role in atopic diseases, but also a regulatory role. Furthermore, we proposed that granulocytes, due to their rapid activation response, could be used in rapid non-invasive whole blood assays for Allergic Asthma (AA), Food Allergy (FA) and Eosinophillic Esophagitis (EoE), three allergic diseases. We first studied asthma. Then, we explored the profil of activation of blood eosinophils in patients with EoE. We explored some activation surface markers (CD66b) and some intracellular phosphoepitopes of interest (Ph-STAT1 and Ph-STAT6). We then focused our attention on blood basophils in food allergy. We developped a potential blood basophil assay (based on two basophil activation surface markers, CD203c and CD63), which could discriminate a patient with food allergy, which could also identify the offending allergen and, which could monitor the effect of new therapy.Summary of the second part. We focused our attention on the role of the blood and sputum neutrophils in cystic fibrosis (CF). Cystic fibrosis is the most frequent disease in Caucasians. While CF affects all exocrine organs throughout the body, its lung manifestation represents the main cause of morbidity and mortality. We first discovered that blood neutrophils were deficient in glutathion. We therefore started a clinical phase IIa, where N-acetyl-cystein were given orally in high dose to patients with CF for twelve weeks. Thanks to this regimen, the deficit in glutathion in blood PNN disappeared. The number of exacerbations significantly decreased, however, no positive effect were observerd on the lung function. Furthermore, we demonstrated that profound functional and signaling changes readily occur within viable PNN recruited to CF airways, compared to their blood counterparts. For a long time, neutrophil dysfunction in CF airways has been equated with necrosis and passive release of elastase, DNA and, actin. However, we established recently by direct ex vivo analysis of airway neutrophils from CF patients that a large fraction of these cells are viable and appear to actively release these enzymes-containing granules. We also show that neutrophils that entered CF airways have increased phosphorylation of key effectors in the amino acid-regulated mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway. An upregulation of the mTOR pathway might reflect an increase of the survival of the neutrophils in the airways. Another common view of peripheral neutrophils is that of terminally differentiated population, with little if any ability to become anabolic. However, we outlined the ability of human neutrophils to modify their transcriptional profile upon migration to the lung in CF. The last part of these thesis is a combination of knowledge that we acquired on the blood basophils in food allergy and on the neutrophils from the airways of patients with CF. We are currently trying to develop an unmet need blood (basophil) test which could discrimate the CF patients with allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis. We are also trying to understand the role of airways neutrophils and eosinophils in the pathogenese of these disease
Perra, Léa. "Étude du rôle de CHAC1 dans la modulation de la réponse des cellules épithéliales bronchiques infectées par Pseudomonas aeruginosa dans le contexte de la mucoviscidose." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS177/document.
Full textIn cystic fibrosis (CF), Pseudomonas aeruginosa colonizes the airways, leading to chronic inflammation of the bronchial epithelium. A previous transcriptomic analysis allowed us to identify CHAC1 as a gene differentially expressed between primary bronchial epithelial cells of CF and non-CF patients at the basal level and during P. aeruginosa infection. CHAC1 is a glutathione-degrading protein associated with endoplasmic reticulum stress and apoptosis. The main objective of this work was to understand the contribution of CHAC1, particularly in the inflammatory response and apoptosis of pulmonary epithelial cells. We therefore first confirmed that CHAC1 is overexpressed at the mRNA level in non-CF primary bronchial epithelial cells relative to CF cells. We observed that P. aeruginosa and two of its virulence factors, LPS and flagellin, induce CHAC1 expression in non-CF cells. The expression of CHAC1 induced by LPS is independent of PERK but involves ATF4. Moreover, we have observed that a reduction in the expression of CHAC1 is associated, after stimulation by LPS and flagellin, with a modulation of the inflammatory markers, in particular IL-8, IL-6, CCL2 and PGE2. Finally, we have shown that P. aeruginosa is not capable of inducing apoptosis in the NCI-H292 bronchial epithelial cell line. These results suggest that CHAC1 is involved in the regulation of bronchial cell inflammation during P. aeruginosa infection and the regulation of CHAC1 expression in CF cells may contribute to the observed excessive and chronic inflammatory response in patients with cystic fibrosis
Saussereau, Emilie. "Utilisation des bactériophages comme thérapie lors d'une infection à Pseudomonas aeruginosa dans le cadre de la mucoviscidose : efficacité et innocuité." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00836178.
Full textLaval, Julie. "Metabolic adaptation of inflammatory neutrophils in human diseases revealed by retroviral envelope-derived ligands : focus on cystic fibrosis." Phd thesis, Université Montpellier II - Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01021456.
Full textAdam, Damien. "Rôle de l’inflammation dans le remodelage de l’épithélium des voies aériennes humaines mucoviscidosiques et potentiel thérapeutique d’une molécule issue des agro-ressources champenoises." Thesis, Reims, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014REIMS042.
Full textThe airway epithelium of cystic fibrosis (CF) patients is frequently injured and remodeled. Whether these alterations are related to infection and/or inflammation or to a dysregulated regeneration process remains to be elucidated. The first objective of this study was to determine the involvement of inflammation in remodeling and regeneration of the CF airway epithelium. Using an in vitro model of airway epithelial cell culture at the air-liquid interface, we demonstrated that, in absence of exogenous infection and inflammation, the CF airway epithelium regeneration was abnormal, delayed, and led to the reconstitution of a remodeled epithelium, in comparison to a non-CF regenerated airway epithelium. Moreover, by inducing a chronic inflammation in non-CF and CF cultures, we were able to attribute a role of the endogenous inflammation of CF cells (inflammatory memory) in the airway epithelium height increase as well as in the basal cell hyperplasia development, an essential involvement of exogenous inflammation in the development of goblet cell hyperplasia, and the absence of implication of inflammation in the ciliated cell differentiation delay. The second objective of this study was to identify an anti-remodeling and/or pro-regenerative molecule. The results we obtained showed that a molecule derived agro-resources regulated the increase in the airway epithelium height as well as the basal and goblet cell hyperplasia development, favored the ciliated cell differentiation, decreased the inflammation and the production of the MUC5-AC mucin, in the CF cultures an in the chronically inflamed non-CF cultures. Finally, this molecule restored chloride secretion through CFTR in CF cultures. In conclusion, the chosen molecule seems to be a promising therapeutics for cystic fibrosis
Constantinescu, Andrei. "Study of interactions between endocrine and exocrine pancreas mediated by microparticles in cystic fibrosis : impact of infections and immunosuppressive drugs." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014STRAJ045.
Full textThis scientific work tackled the issue of the communication between exocrine and endocrine pancreas in cystic fibrosis. Also, the contribution of recurrent lung infections and immunosuppressive therapy to the pancreatic cell degenerescence was studied in vitro. Results obtained showed that disseminated LPS released by recurrent infections could target pancreatic exocrine cells, leading to the formation of membrane microparticles that are deleterious for endocrine cell survival and function. In this intercellular cross-talk, CFTR is a critical mediator for the severity of the MP-delivered signals and for the pancreatic cell response to inflammation, also participating to the balance of insulin secretion of endocrine cells. Furthermore, data evidenced that long-term administration of immunosuppressive drugs in grafted patients may differently induce apoptosis in a mitochondrial-dependent fashion, possibly favoring cells to enter premature senescence, which is a metabolic state of cellular dysfunction
Jourdain, Marie-Laure. "Analyse phénotypique et fonctionnelle des ostéoclastes et de leurs précurseurs dans la maladie osseuse liée à la mucoviscidose Inflammation and CFTR-related bone remodeling in patients in cystic fibrosis CFTR-deficient pigs display alterations of bone microarchitecture and composition at birth Overexpression of RANKL in osteoblasts: a possible mechanism of susceptibility to bone disease in cystic fibrosis." Thesis, Reims, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019REIMO201.
Full textThe increasing life expectancy of patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) is associated with extra-pulmonary complications which prevalence increases with age, such as bone disease or diabetes, that impact the quality of life of CF patients. The bone deficit related to cystic fibrosis is still incompletely characterized and the understanding of the impact of CFTR (Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane conductance Regulator) defect on bone physiology is essential to propose new therapeutic strategies. The most common mutation of CFTR, (F508del) in osteoblasts is associated with a high RANK-L/OPG ratio that may stimulate osteoclastogenesis. The aim of this work was to study the impact of CFTR defective activity on osteoclast precursors and their differentiation as well as the functional activity of CF osteoclasts. We have demonstrated that there is an overexpression of the RANK and M-CSF receptors on the surface of osteoclastic precursors derived from patients carrying the CFTR G551D mutation. Furthermore, we have revealed that the osteoclasts phenotype is strongly impacted by the F508del mutation as well as the S1P pathway, a prominent mediator for the circulation of osteoclastic precursors between blood and bone compartments. All of these data and the demonstration of a disturbed resorptive osteoclasts profile when CFTR activity is deficient suggest that there is a dysregulation of resorption and more widely of bone remodeling in CF patients
Palomo, Jennifer. "Etude des réponses immunitaires de l'hôte dans la pathogenèse d'infections : modèles murins de mucoviscidose et malaria." Thesis, Orléans, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ORLE2063/document.
Full textCystic fibrosis is a pulmonary pathology, caused by the CFTR channel dysfunction, and characterized by high mucus viscosity, increased sensitivity to chronic infections and excessive inflammation. The aim of my thesis was first to study the inflammatory mechanisms involved in this lung pathology. Indeed, we analyzed the role of IL-1β and IL-17 in response to Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection, in the ΔF508 mouse model of cystic fibrosis. In the second part of my thesis, I studied pulmonary and cerebral malaria, a lethal complication of P. falciparum infection. We showed the importance of three pathways implicated in cytotoxic CD8+ T lymphocytes activation during the Plasmodium berghei ANKA-induced neuropathology development in mice: PKC-θ protein, β2 subunit of IL-12 receptor and type I IFN receptor, which did not seem essential for the associated lung inflammation
Andrault, Pierre-Marie. "Rôle des cathepsines à cystéine dans la régulation du peptide antimicrobien LL-37 lors de pathologies inflammatoire chroniques pulmonaires." Thesis, Tours, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOUR4035/document.
Full textDuring chronic inflammatory lung diseases like cystic fibrosis or COPD, proteases/antiproteases imbalance leads to pulmonary tissue degradation and compromise antimicrobial barrier. Cysteine cathepsins are involved in the proteolytic inactivation of several lung antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) such as SLPI, lactoferrin and β- defensins -2 and -3 during emphysema or cystic fibrosis. During this thesis, we studied the ability of cathepsins B, K, L and S to degrade LL-37, which is an important AMP in lung immunity. Only cathepsins K and S degrade readily LL-37 and inactivate its antimicrobial property. Conversely, LL-37 is a competitive inhibitor of cathepsin L. Beside, lung expression of human cathepsin S is significantly increased in smokers with or without COPD compared to non-smokers. Cigarette smoke that is a major source of oxidative stress significantly increases the expression and activity of cathepsin S. Despite an unfavorable oxidative environment, cathepsin S retains its proteolytic activity toward LL-37 and thus could participate to COPD exacerbation
Dulon, Sophie. "Interactions du "proteinase-activated receptor" 2 avec les protéinases leucocytaires et bactériennes : rôle potentiel dans l'inflammation et l'infection pulmonaires." Paris 6, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA066101.
Full textColomb, Florent. "Régulation de la biosynthèse des épitopes sialyl-Lewis[x] et 6-sulfo-sialyl-Lewisx par le TNF dans la muqueuse bronchique humaine et influence sur l’adhésion de Pseudomonas aeruginosa." Thesis, Lille 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LIL10183.
Full textBronchial mucins from patients suffering from cystic fibrosis (CF) exhibit glycosylation alterations, especially increased amounts of sialyl-Lewisx (NeuAcα2-3Galβ1-4[Fuc[α1-3]GlcNAc-R, sLex) and 6-sulfo-sialyl-Lewisx (6-sulfo-sLex) structures. These epitopes are preferential receptors for Pseudomonas aeruginosa, the bacteria responsible for the chronicity of airway infection of CF patients. Several studies have shown that inflammation may affect glycosylation and sulfation of glycoproteins, including mucins. We previously proposed that the inflammatory context in the respiratory tract of CF patients was responsible for the overexpression of sLex and 6 sulfo-sLex structures. Indeed, we and others have shown that pro-inflammatory cytokines can modulate glycosylation in the bronchial mucosa and in bronchial cell lines. In particular, TNF, IL-6 and IL-8 increase the expression and activity of several members of the sialyl-, fucosyl- and sulfotransferases families in human bronchial explants. During my thesis, I showed that TNF regulates the expression of a specific transcript (BX) of the ST3GAL4 gene that encodes the main α2,3-sialyltransferase (ST3Gal IV) involved in the biosynthesis of sLex and 6-sulfo-sLex epitopes in both human bronchial explants and A549 lung cancer cells. A 2 kb genomic region was cloned and we have shown by reporter gene experiments that this region could be responsible for both basal BX transcript expression and response to TNF treatment in A549 cells. Different genetic constructions of this sequence and the use of pharmacological inhibitors allowed us to study the molecular and cellular mechanisms involved in ST3GAL4 up-regulation induced by TNF treatment. In parallel, we have studied the effect of TNF-induced sLex and 6- sulfo -sLex overexpression on P. aeruginosa adhesion, using the NCI-H292 pulmonary carcinoma cell model. Our preliminary results indicate that TNF treatment induces an enhance expression of sLex derivatives that correlates with an enhance adhesion of both PAO1 and PAK strain. This increased adhesion is dependant of the presence of a functional FliD protein, the bacterial lectin recognizing sLex and 6- sulfo -sLex, and is abolished by sialidase treatment. Identifying mechanisms by which sLex and 6-sulfo-sLex structures are overexpressed on bronchial mucins from CF patients may allow the identification of new targets to fight bronchial inflammation and infection by P. aeruginosa