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1
Imamova, B. Zh, and A. K. Murzalimova. "Ensuring the protection of Abay region from the threat of mudflows." Bulletin of Shakarim University. Technical Sciences 1, no. 4(12) (December 28, 2023): 53–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.53360/2788-7995-2023-4(12)-8.
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This article describes mudflows, a special category of hydrological threats that pose a threat to human life. Factors and types of mudflows are recorded. Mudflow hazard zones in the Abay region, conditions for mudflows, and natural factors contributing to mudflows are listed. It is characterized by the slope of the channel and the fact that, depending on the presence of channel deposits in it, the mass and speed of movement of the mudflow are subject to changes, and the mudflow is divided by the power of impact on the slope and the volume of the transported mass. An example of mudflows that occurred in Kazakhstan is given. Mudflow protection involves predicting the occurrence of mudflows and conducting special events. Therefore, the need for the construction of protective structures used in flood prevention, agroforestry and reclamation measures for special measures to protect against mudflows and special hydraulic structures is outlined. Such structures are designed to contain protected facilities with high mudflow emissions, to divert mudflow away from facilities, as well as to protect the facility from the impact of mudflow.The need to plan the terrain in the mudflow zone, install drains, divert surface and groundwater, carry out forest reclamation works and safety measures in areas with a risk of mudflows are outlined.
2
ADZHIEV, Anatoly, Natalia KONDRATYEVA, and Alan KORTIEV. "Mudflow processes at the all-season tourist and recreational complex “Mamison”." Sustainable Development of Mountain Territories 15, no. 4 (December 30, 2023): 984–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.21177/1998-4502-2023-984-994.
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Introduction. The territory of North Ossetia-Alania has significant potential for recreational development. One of these favorable areas is the high-mountain gorge Mamison, where the Zemegondon and Kozydon rivers merge, which, downstream, form the Mamikhdon River. The government decided to create an all-season tourist and recreational complex “Mamison”. It is planned to create a world-class resort here. Purpose of research. Assessment of mudflow hazard in the area of the “Mamison” and forecast of the dynamics of its development. Materials and methods of research: published scientific and technical information, archival and stock materials, previous reports on engineering surveys on the territory of the “Mamison” were used. The mudflow hazard assessment was carried out using the method of full-scale specialized field survey. Field work to assess mudflow hazard was completed in July 2023. Research results. An assessment of the mudflow hazard at the “Mamison” and the surrounding area revealed: the number of mudflow rivers - 14; morphological type of mudflow sources: incisions, potholes, rocky areas, eroded surfaces; frequency of mudflows - on average once every 3–5 years; mudflow volumes - from 1000 to 50 000 m3 , very rarely (once every 50 years) can exceed 100 000 m3 ; genesis of mudflows - rain, snow-rain and glacial-rain. It has been established that the main influence on mudflow occurrences is exerted by hydrometeorological conditions (snowmelt, precipitation). Based on the results of the study, a mudflow hazard map was created for the territory of the “Mamison” and the adjacent territory, where mudflow channels, mudflow sources, transit zones and mudflow deposits are identified. Conclusion. The territory of the “Mamison” is very dangerous for mudflows. As the recreational development of the region increases, the frequency of mudflows will increase, which will lead to an increase in mudflow hazard. To reduce mudflow activity in the territory under consideration, it is necessary to carry out measures: include in the throughput capacity of hydraulic structures the costs of not only storm runoff, but also mudflows; creation of an effective system for monitoring mudflow conditions.
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Chepurna, Tetiana B., Eduard D. Kuzmenko, and Igor V. Chepurnyj. "Geoinformational prognostic model of mudflows hazard and mudflows risk for the territory of Ukrainian Carpathians." Contemporary Trends in Geoscience 6, no. 1 (June 1, 2017): 57–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ctg-2017-0005.
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AbstractThe article is devoted to the geological issue of the space-time regional prognostication of mudflow hazard. The methodology of space-time prediction of mudflows hazard by creating GIS predictive model has been developed. Using GIS technologies the relevant and representative complex of significant influence of spatial and temporal factors, adjusted to use in the regional prediction of mudflows hazard, were selected. Geological, geomorphological, technological, climatic, and landscape factors have been selected as spatial mudflow factors. Spatial analysis is based on detection of a regular connection of spatial factor characteristics with spatial distribution of the mudflow sites. The function of a standard complex spatial index (SCSI) of the probability of the mudflow sites distribution has been calculated. The temporal, long-term prediction of the mudflows activity was based on the hypothesis of the regular reiteration of natural processes. Heliophysical, seismic, meteorological, and hydrogeological factors have been selected as time mudflow factors. The function of a complex index of long standing mudflow activity (CIMA) has been calculated. The prognostic geoinformational model of mudflow hazard up to 2020 year, a year of the next peak of the mudflows activity, has been created. Mudflow risks have been counted and carogram of mudflow risk assessment within the limits of administrative-territorial units has been built for 2020 year.
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Vetrova, Natalya, Tatiana Ivanenko, Gennadii Shtofer, Anastasia Gaysarova, and Emran Mennanov. "Ecological and engineering solutions for the reconstruction of anti-mudflow hydraulic structures of the Crimea." E3S Web of Conferences 392 (2023): 02009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202339202009.
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The article studies the territorial features of the formation of a dangerous process - mudflows. The factors of mudflow hazard formation are described, the classification and characteristics of mudflows formed in the Crimea are given. The methods of studying mudflows are considered, the parameters of the mudflow are calculated on the example of the Shelen River, on the basis of which options for the reconstruction of existing mudflow protection structures are proposed. The purpose of the article is to substantiate environmental engineering solutions for the reconstruction of anti-mudflow hydraulic structures in mudflow-prone Crimean river basins. The object of research is the basin of the Shelen River typical for the South-Eastern rural area. The purpose of the research is to substantiate technical solutions for the reconstruction of anti-mudflow structures in the Shelen River basin. Research objectives: to study the conditions for the formation of Crimean mudflows, the history of research and classification; consider existing methods for studying mudflow hazard and calculation methods for determining the parameters of mudflows; to characterize the current state of anti-mudflow structures on the example of the Shelen river basin; justify decisions on the reconstruction of anti-mudflow structures and develop recommendations for their restoration. In the article, on the basis of field studies, hydrological flood flow rates, annual runoff volumes, water flow rates and volumes in years of different water content and average monthly water flow rates using the Shelen River basin as an example, the mudflow parameters are calculated. Anti-mudflow structures were identified and their condition was analyzed. Based on the results of the study, proposals and environmental engineering technical solutions for the reconstruction of existing anti-mudflow structures were developed
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Dergacheva, I., S. Klimov, G. Khamdamova, Qudratjon Raximov, and Tursunoy Apakhujayeva. "Mudflow hazard in the foothill and mountainous regions of Uzbekistan." E3S Web of Conferences 263 (2021): 02019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202126302019.
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The article presents the results of research work on the study of mudflows in the territory of the Republic of Uzbekistan and transboundary territories. The relevance of studies of mudflow phenomena is determined by the intensive development of economic and recreational development of mountain and foothill territories, which in the conditions of the Republic of Uzbekistan are subject to mudflow processes that cause material damage to the objects of the national economy and are often accompanied by human casualties. About a thousand active mudflow channels have been counted in the study area, of which over 270 descend into the Fergana Valley. The most mudflow-prone regions in Uzbekistan are: Namangan - 19% of all registered mudflows, Fergana - 16%, Surkhandarya - 13%, Tashkent - 12%, Kashkadarya - 11% and Samarkand - 9%. In general, the Fergana Valley accounts for 41% of the total number of all registered mudflows. A sharp increase in mudflow activity is observed in April and May. During these months, respectively, 25% and 35% of mudflows descended. As a rule, these are mudflows that came down as a result of a large amount of precipitation. The most mudflow-prone regions in Uzbekistan are: Namangan - 19% of all registered mudflows, Fergana - 16%, Surkhandarya - 13%, Tashkent - 12%, Kashkadarya - 11% and Samarkand - 9%. In general, the Fergana Valley accounts for 41% of the total number of all registered mudflows.
6
Chepurna, T. B., E. D. Kuzmenko, I. V. Chepurny, and A. V. Haydeychuk. "GEO-INFORMATION ANALYSIS OF MUDFLOW DANGER AND THREAT ASSESSMENT FOR BRIDGE STRUCTURES WITHIN THE TERRITORY OF TRANSCARPATHIA." Odesa National University Herald. Geography and Geology 28, no. 1(42) (August 10, 2023): 148–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.18524/2303-9914.2023.1(42).282243.
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Problem Statement and Purpose. Mudflows are quite common in the world and in Ukraine in particular. There are three mudflow-prone basins in the Carpathian region of Ukraine. Mudflowing processes threaten infrastructure facilities, in particular highways and bridge crossings. Therefore, it is advisable to monitor and forecast their development. Geoinformation technologies are the main tool that should be used for monitoring and modeling the development of mudflow processes. Damage to bridges, which are primarily exposed to the mudflow process, as a result of mudflows, is caused by phenomena that can be summarized by the terms – impact, abrasion, erosion and vibration. Mudflows also activate erosion phenomena, change the position of the watercourse channel, which leads to damage to bridge structures. The purpose of the study is to assess the risk of mudflows for bridge structures for the territory of eastern Transcarpathia using methods of geoinformation analysis and modeling. Data & Methods. At the present stage, it is common to model and forecast the development of mudflow processes based on taking into account the combined effect of factors. The main factors of the occurrence and development of mudflow phenomena include: tectonic, geological, hydrological conditions, modern exogenous geological processes, soil and plant cover and anthropogenic activity. The process of modeling and forecasting of mudflow hazard includes such basic stages as the selection of a set of factors affecting the development of mudflow, assessment of the level of their influence, calculation of integral indices of sediment activity, creation of a prognostic geo-informational model of mudflow hazard. Results. A spatial prognostic model of mudflow hazard was created for the area that occupies the eastern part of Transcarpathia, the main part of which is located in the mountainous Carpathians. Mudflow processes of rain genesis are mainly observed in the mentioned territories. The spatial model has a constant character, since the spatial factors of the development of mudflow processes are not variable in time and determine the probability of the occurrence of a mudflow phenomenon in space, the period of activation is determined by the influence of time factors for which a time complex indicator should be calculated. Based on the created mudflow hazard model for the research area, the mudflow hazard for bridge crossings was assessed. It was established that a high probability of mudflow hazard is characteristic of 45 bridges. These bridge structures are located in the upper reaches of the Tereblya and Teresva rivers, in the basin of the Black Tysa and White Tysa rivers. For a detailed assessment of engineering and geological threats to bridge structures as a result of the development of mudflows, floods, coastal erosion processes, it is advisable to use a comprehensive approach, using the toolkit of geoinformation systems and a wide range of data sources, in particular, data from remote sensing of the Earth.
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Kupravishvili, Maia. "Specification of the density of the mudflow mixture taking into account the clay-colloidal fraction." Works of Georgian Technical University, no. 4(518) (December 15, 2020): 11–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.36073/1512-0996-2020-4-11-18.
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As a result of laboratory research, was obtained a formula for calculating the density of the mudflow mixture, taking into account the clay-colloidal fraction. The conditions for the formation of mudflows with different particle size distribution are determined. It was found that the formation and decay of the mudflow largely depend on certain ratios between the clay-colloid and rocky components of the mudflow, and not on the density of the mudflows and the percentage (weight) of water, as was presented in early scientific works. It is advisable to use the empirical formula, obtained in the work, to accurately calculate the density of mudflow mixtures for the prediction of mudflow phenomena in order to conduct effective and environmentally sound antimudflow measures.
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Kuznetsov, Evgeniy V., Vladimir S. Matsiy, and Uliana R. Sidaravichute. "Diagnostics of erosion resistance of mudflow hazardous plots on the territory of the Republic of Crimea." Land Reclamation and Hydraulic Engineering 13, no. 4 (2023): 182–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.31774/2712-9357-2023-13-4-182-201.
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Purpose: to make a semi-quantitative assessment of mudflow risk based on empirical data on mudflows and the consequences of their collapse, obtained during the work at the construction and reconstruction of the Lgovskoe – Grushevka – Sudak highway on the territory of the Republic of Crimea and to develop recommendations on state stabilization, based on the assessment results. Materials and methods. The initial data on mudflows are divided into three groups, for each a step-by-step calculation was performed and points were assigned. The criteria by which the assessment has been made: the level of mudflow hazard and the amount of damage, the dependence of the amount of damage on the protective structures’ state. Calculated indicators such as mudflow velocity, flow rate, etc. have also been determined. Each group is assigned a mudflow risk category based on the results of scoring, taking into account their significance. Results. According to the results of the study, the total score for the third group is 15.18, which corresponds to the second category of mudflow risk, which is characterized by a high probability of significant damage. For the first and second groups, the total score is 9.88 and 11.34, respectively, thus, both groups fall within the boundaries of the third category of mudflow hazard. Conclusions. A semi-quantitative assessment of mudflow risk allows identifying potentially dangerous areas, informing on the threat and taking measures for land protection in advance. In order to protect lands from the destructive power of mudflows within the boundaries of the basins of the third group, it is necessary to erect mudflow protection structures, namely: agroforestry-reclamation erosion protection structures, mudflow retention, mudflow passage, mudflow-preventing structures and other engineering protection facilities of the territory.
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Muzychenko, L. E., V. A. Lobkina, and A. A. Muzychenko. "CALCULATION OF PARAMETERS CONTROLLING THE OCCURRENCE OF ANTHROPOGENIC MUDFLOWS ON THE DUMPS OF THE LISTVENNICHNYI QUARRY (SAKHALIN)." Tikhookeanskaya Geologiya 42, no. 1 (2023): 89–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.30911/0207-4028-2023-42-1-89-99.
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The paper considers the intensification of mudflow activity on the dumps of the Listvennichnyi quarry near the city of Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk. Eight cases of anthropogenic mudflows initiated by rainfalls were recorded during field observations conducted from May to November in 2020. First for Sakhalin, mudflows were recorded by video equipment. Parameters of mudflows were measured during their descent. Velocity values were obtained for six mudflows and compared with the values calculated by different methods. Mudflow pressure values were also calculated for all six flows. The derived values are in the range between 0.0044 and 0.0089 MPa. Different methods for the assessment of mudflow effects on objects depending on the pressure value were compared. The amount of precipitation sufficient for triggering anthropogenic mudflows is provided in the paper.
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Tarikhazer, Stara A., Elina J. Karimova, and Iryna Y. Kuchinskaya. "Quantitative assessment of mudflow risk in the Greater Caucasus of Azerbaijan (on the example of the northeastern slope)." Journal of Geology, Geography and Geoecology 31, no. 4 (January 11, 2023): 722–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/112268.
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The recreational and tourist direction of Azerbaijan’s development planned the development of hard-to-reach mountainous areas, where construction of various engineering structures will be carried out. Mudflows are the most destructive geological processes, since mountain geosystems are characterized by favourable conditions for their occurrence – high seismicity (8–9 points), increased moisture (700 mm or more), intense weathering of rocks and accumulation of loose clastic material, etc. Thus, the territory of the northeastern slope of the Greater Caucasus is classified as a mudflow hazardous area. This takes into account the areas of mudflow basins, the intensity of the passage of diverse mudflows, their quantitative characteristics, the conditions of formation, as well as the amount of damage caused to both the infrastructure and the residential complex. The purpose of article. The article considers the results of field ecogeomorphological studies on the northeastern slope of the Greater Caucasus, dedicated to the quantitative assessment of mudflow risk for the period from 1990 to 2020. The research methods. Large-scale topographic maps (Scale 1:100000) were used to assess the degree of mudflow risk on the northeastern slope of the Greater Caucasus in order to obtain morphometric characteristics (including about the incline of the slopes, the length and shape of the slopes, the areas of mudflow cen- ters), as well as materials of interpretation of different-scale and different-time ASI. On the example of the basins of the mudflow-prone rivers Gusarchay and Velvelichaу, ASI M 1: 60000 1996-2020 from the Landsat satellite were used to determine the quantitative indi- cators of the areas of mudflow centers. The results of research: Based on the interpretation of the ASP within the northeastern slope of the Greater Caucasus, according to the degree of danger of mudflow processes (the amount of removed material, the erosive effect of the flow on the valley, taking into account the occurrence of mudflows in tributaries and the basin as a whole, as well as the prevailing types and classes of mudflows, geomorphological conditions of formation, forming and the passage of mudflows and the statistical data on past mudflows), and on the actual and possible damage to the population from mudflows, a mudflow risk map was compiled on a 5-point scale. Conclusions. The reasons for the acceleration of the frequency of passage of destructive mudflows made up of dirt, stones and mud on the northeastern slope of the Greater Caucasus are related to the degradation of high-mountain meadow and moun- tain forest landscapes of the Gudyalchay–Velvelichay, Davachichay–Atachay and other interfluves. Based on the decoding of the ASI from 1996–2020 from the Landsat satellite (M 1:60000) mudflow sources in the basins of the most mudflow-bearing rivers Gusarchay and Velvelichay for the period 1990–2020 were calculated. The research results will make it possible to use the obtained data for the development of a program for the safe and sustainable functioning and development of the hard-to-reach mountainous geosystems of Azerbaijan for recreation and tourism development.
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Shaazizov, Farrukh. "Assessment of damage during the formation and passage of mudflows in the Tashkent region." E3S Web of Conferences 264 (2021): 03042. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202126403042.
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Mountainous and largely foothill areas of the Republic of Uzbekistan are mudflow hazardous. In the Tashkent region, there are two mudflow river basins (dangerous concerning the manifestation of mudflows): the Chirchik river basin and the Akhangaran river basin. Based on the results of long-term observations of the Uzhydromet service, a digital map of the mudflow hazard in the Tashkent region for a century was compiled. The method for determining the damage from the action of mudflows on a specific object consists of determining the equivalent mudflow pressure according to its initial parameters. According to the methodology for assessing damage in the event of a natural emergency, the main parameters of the damaging factors were determined during the passage of a mudflow in the event of intense rainfall. The calculations were performed for two scenarios: 1) with dangerous rainfall with an intensity of 30 mm per day; 2) in case of especially dangerous rainfall with an intensity of 60 mm per day. Based on the calculations performed, the amount of damage to the national economy of the Tashkent region was determined during the passage of a mudflow caused by intense rainfall.
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Alakbarova, S. O., and S. G. Gasymova. "ECONOMIC-GEOGRAPHICAL STUDY OF THE INFLUENCE OF MUDFLOWS ON THE ECONOMY OF THE GAZAKH-TOVUZ ECONOMIC REGION." Geography and water resources, no. 1 (March 28, 2024): 16–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.55764/2957-9856/2024-1-16-24.3.
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The article detail studies the activation of mudflow phenomena as a result of the action of natural and man-made factors in the mountain and foothill zones of the Gazakh-Tovuz economic region and their impact on population settlement and the territorial organization of farms. Comprehensive studies were carried out using airphotopictures from different years, forecasts of mudflow hazards and mudflow areas were given, and trends in the development and expansion of active mudflow centers were determined. A comparative analysis of statistical materials, mapping was carried out, using remote sensing and modern GIS technologies, the impact of mudflows on the population and territorial organization of farms in the study area was assessed, the zoning of mudflows by frequency of occurrence was given, as well as based on an analysis of scientific research conducted in this area. By mathematical analysis of actual statistical indicators substantiates in detail the role of the anthropogenic factor in the intensification of mudflows and the increase in economic damage they cause to the territorial organization of the economy, and ways to combat them are studied.
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Lobkina, V. A., N. N. Ukhova, Yu V. Gensiorovskiy, and A. A. Muzychenko. "PECULIARITIES OF THE PROPERTIES OF SOIL INVOLVED IN MUDFLOW PROCESS IN CHUKOTKA." Доклады Российской академии наук. Науки о Земле 513, no. 1 (November 1, 2023): 146–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s2686739723601461.
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During laboratorial study we have get data about mineral and granulometric composition, some physical and physico-chemical parameters of mudflow deposit, which made it possible to identify soil features in mudflows in Chukotka. Made a try to estimate influence this influence of these features on the formation of mudflow suspension, which is the transport substance of mudflow. In terms of structural rheological movement model, mostly cohesionless mudflow suppose to be formed within reviewed territory, in which main mass of water is in free state. However, laboratory investigations have shown high contain of fine-grained particles in samples of mudflow deposit, which is in aggregated state. When flooded, these particles saturate water flow with clay suspension that allows classification this flows as cohesive. The cohesion of mudflow mass is acquired by flows in the process of movement at the expense of aggregates destruction that leads to changing physical characteristics of the mudflow.
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Bandurin, M. A., V. A. Volosukhin, I. A. Prikhodko, and A. A. Rudenko. "Modeling of the possible negative impact of mudflows in the monitoring of mudflow basins of the river Mzymta." Construction and Geotechnics 14, no. 3 (December 15, 2023): 5–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.15593/2224-9826/2023.3.01.
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The article considers the identification of potential sources of formation of water and mudflows in the area of the Olympic objects of the southern slope of the Psekhako ridge and the catchment areas of the 1st, 2nd and 3rd Galion rivers (the catchment area of the Mzymta river). The collection and study of natural, climatic and morphological characteristics mudflow basins and the study of the possibility of their negative impact on the operated Olympic facilities, the creation of a database of mudflow basins. Implementation of the results of studies of the natural-climatic and morphological characteristics of the mudflow basin of the river. Mzymta is assumed in the justification of anti-mudflow measures to protect the infrastructure of operated Olympic facilities from the negative impact of water and mudflows. To ensure the reliability of the functioning of these foundations and foundations of structures. It is important to take into account the possibility of a negative impact on them of water and mudflows that form in the conditions of mountainous terrain and natural and climatic features of this region, as well as due to the extremely insufficient knowledge of the current state of development in these territories. mudflow processes and the possibility of their activation as a result of the impact on the natural landscapes of mudflow basins during the operation of the foundations and foundations of Olympic facilities and their infrastructure (access and technological roads, power lines, ski slopes, chairlifts, various sites, etc.). Taking into account the impact of the consequences of a large-scale technogenic impact on the natural landscape, in the territory of operation of the Olympic facilities along the southern slope of the Psekhako ridge, the materials of the survey confirm the conclusions about the increased mudflow hazard of the watercourses of the river. Rudnichny, r. Sumasshedshiy, r. Kamburovsky. The main reason for the descent of these mudflows is the technogenic impact on the upstream natural landscapes, including the discharge of liquefied soil dumps from steep slopes, the concentration of surface runoff into concentrated eroded, cuts, etc. Simulation modeling of the stability of the river slopes was performed. Tobias, the most dangerous combinations of impacts under static and seismic conditions, to predict the formation of mudflows.
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Zafar, Avzalshoev, and Taro Uchimura. "The July 2015 Debris flow in Barsem, Western Pamir (GBAO) Tajikistan: Description and causes." E3S Web of Conferences 415 (2023): 03003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202341503003.
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Tajikistan is a landlocked country in the Central Asia republics of the former Soviet Union. Tajikistan is prone to many natural disasters. Most commonly in Tajikistan, mudflows occur in the South and North parts of the country. The 2015 Barsem mudflow caused significant damage to the entire village, a territory of the Western Pamir Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Region (GBAO), Tajikistan; fortunately, no human casualties. The total volume of debris flow is about 4.9 million m3. Typically, precipitation above 15-20mm per day in arid areas causes mudflow. Accumulated water during the intensive melting of the glacier and snowfields was saturated with water by the moraine sediment blocking its paths (which served as a dam for the lake that formed). Several studies indicate that mudflow triggers excess pore pressure or liquefaction of the soil; consequently, sudden and high shear resistance losses eventually generate a mudflow [5][6]. Although mudflows and landslides occur annually, after the 2015 Barsem mudflow, it becomes clear that the intensity and frequency of new events are increasing. Consequently, the author strongly believes establishing and implementing an early warning system can be essential.
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Sherkhov, A. H. "Determination of quantitative values of mudflows parameters using UAVs." Prirodoobustrojstvo, no. 2 (2024): 83–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.26897/1997-6011-2024-2-83-89.
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As part of the development of improving methods for integrated monitoring of dangerous riverbed and slope processes, the authors worked out options for using an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) and specialized software in order to improve the quality of materials for field surveys of mudslide sites. The reliability of the quantitative determination of the parameters of mudflows is an urgent problem in assessing the spatial and temporal changes in the parameters of mudflow channels. The purpose of this work is to quantify the dynamics of changes in the landscape of residential areas exposed to negative impacts by determining the quantitative values of morphometric parameters of the mudflow channel and the adjacent territory before and after the passage of the mudflow. In particular, the volumes of soil carried away by the flow, as well as the volume of sediments in different sections of the mudflow transit, were determined. By comparative analysis of the results of software processing of materials from the removal of problem areas of the mudflow channel by a quadcopter, the values of the volumes of carried away soil (4376 m3, at the site of destruction by the flow of the highway) and mudflow deposits (above – 4623 m3, and below – 1788 m3 of the highway bridge) were obtained. Such an information base is indispensable in solving the problems of ensuring the safety of settlements and economic facilities from the negative impact of mudflows.
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Kupravishvili, Maya. "Determining the Geometric Dimensions of the Mudflow Sedimentation Along the Watercourse Taking Into Account the Physico-mechanical and Hydraulic Characteristics of the Mixture." Works of Georgian Technical University, no. 1(519) (March 29, 2021): 148–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.36073/1512-0996-2021-1-148-157.
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In this article there were selected main hydraulic function with the physical, mechanical and rheological characteristics mudflow mixture, according to which the dimensions and shapes of the mudflow profile are determined quite easily and accurately in the watercourse. Using the proposed algorithm and ℓ = 𝑓 ௦ ೞ formula, it is possible to carry out environmentally friendly and economically viable measures to combat mudflows.
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Žic, E., Ž. Arbanas, N. Bićanić, and N. Ožanić. "A model of mudflow propagation downstream from the Grohovo landslide near the city of Rijeka (Croatia)." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 15, no. 2 (February 20, 2015): 293–313. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-15-293-2015.
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Abstract. Mudflows regularly generate significant human and property losses. Analyzing mudflows is important to assess the risks and to delimit vulnerable areas where mitigation measures are required. The smoothed-particle hydrodynamics (SPH) model adopted here considers, in two phases, a granular skeleton with voids filled with either water or mud. The SPH depth-integrated numerical model (Pastor et al., 2009a) used for the present simulations is a 2-D model capable of predicting the runout distance, flow velocity, deposition pattern and the final volume of mudflows. It is based on mathematical and rheological models. In this study, the main characteristics of mudflow processes that have emerged in the past (1908) in the area downstream of the Grohovo landslide are examined, and the more relevant parameters and attributes describing the mudflow are presented. Principal equations that form the basis of the SPH depth-integrated model are reviewed and applied to analyze the Grohovo landslide and the propagation of the mudflow wave downstream of the landslide. Based on the SPH method, the runout distance, quantities of the deposited materials and the velocity of mudflow progression which occurred in the past at the observed area are analyzed and qualitatively compared to the recorded consequences of the actual event. Within the SPH simulation, the Newtonian rheological model in the turbulent flow regime and the Bingham rheological model were adopted and a comparison was made of the application of the Egashira and Hungr erosion law.
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Weber, Marc H., Keith S. Hadley, Peter M. Frenzen, and Jerry F. Franklin. "Forest development following mudflow deposition, Mount St. Helens, Washington." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 36, no. 2 (February 1, 2006): 437–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x05-257.
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Volcanic mudflows are locally important disturbance agents in the Pacific Northwest rarely studied within the context of forest succession. We describe 18 years (19811999) of forest development on the Muddy River mudflow deposit following the 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens using permanent plot data collected along two transects traversing the Cedar Flats river terrace. We analyze changing forest structure over the study period and compare results with mudflow deposition using correlation and pairwise comparisons, as well as ordination (detrended correspondence analysis) and cluster analysis. Our results show a statistically significant relationship between mudflow deposition and forest change. Following mudflow deposition, the site consisted of patches of high tree mortality caused by deep mudflow deposits in abandoned river channels as well as patches of accelerated regeneration of surviving understory trees in areas of more shallow mudflow deposition and partial overstory mortality. Mudflow deposition at the site initiated multiple stages of stand development with (1) early-colonizing red alder (Alnus rubra Bong.) dominating deep deposition sites with fewer surviving trees, (2) gap recruitment and establishment by western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.) and Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) on intermediate to deep deposition sites with more postburial surviving trees, and (3) late-seral conditions and accelerated succession on shallow burial sites, where tree mortality was low. The initiation of differing succession trajectories, as well as variability in the extent and timing of tree mortality following mudflow deposition, demonstrates a dynamic response to disturbance in relation to small-scale gradients of mudflow deposition.
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Kupravishvili, Maia. "Determining the type of mudflow mixture using the Gibbs–Roseboom diagram." Works of Georgian Technical University, no. 4(518) (December 15, 2020): 19–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.36073/1512-0996-2020-4-19-24.
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The Gibbs–Roseboom diagram was used in determining and generalizing the type of mudflow mixture as well as new boundaries between viscous stream and fluid stream were determined in the article. The latter is due to the percentage of solid-liquid component in the mudflow, as well as from fractions of less than one millimeter.Thus, the typification of mudflows is convenient and expedient, since the structure of the mixture is determined by clay-colloidal fractions, and not by the amount of water components in it. Using the proposed diagrams, it is possible to determine the type of mudflow still in the outbreaks and take appropriate preventive measures.
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Bohner, Andreas, Silvia Winter, and Franz Starlinger. "Evaluation of different revegetation measures on mudflow deposits in the Nature Park Sölktäler (Styria, Austria)." Die Bodenkultur: Journal of Land Management, Food and Environment 71, no. 3 (September 1, 2020): 169–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/boku-2020-0015.
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Summary In mountain regions, the likelihood of mudflows might increase due to climate change. Although mudflows are common worldwide and devastate agricultural land, virtually nothing is known about the revegetation of mudflow deposits for agricultural purposes. To provide recommendations for rapid revegetation of mountain pastures, 52 permanent plots (4 m × 4 m) on 20 revegetated mudflow deposits in the Nature Park Sölktäler were established. We evaluated different revegetation measures (seed addition alone or combined with application of straw, lime or cattle manure) two years after sowing using commercial clover-grass seed mixtures. Furthermore, 27 permanent plots on 15 unsown mudflow deposits were surveyed. Sowing seeds can considerably accelerate revegetation on siliceous mudflow deposits. Festuca rubra, Agrostis capillaris, Lolium perenne, Trifolium repens and Lotus corniculatus are particularly suitable for rapid grassland reestablishment, whereas Poa pratensis is not recommendable. A pure straw application should be avoided because it delays the revegetation success. Lime addition is not recommended because it can lead to an undesirable legume dominance if clover-grass seed mixtures are used for revegetation. The most effective measure for large-scale revegetation seems to be seed addition without additives. To facilitate revegetation on coarse-grained deposits, large rocks should be crushed using a stone mill.
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Žic, E., Ž. Arbanas, N. Bićanić, and N. Ožanić. "A model of mudflow propagation downstream from the Grohovo landslide near the city of Rijeka (Croatia)." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences Discussions 2, no. 11 (November 10, 2014): 6811–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhessd-2-6811-2014.
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Abstract. Mudflows regularly generate significant human and property losses. Analyzing mudflows is important to assess the risks and to delimit vulnerable areas where mitigation measures are required. In recent decades, modeling of the propagation stage has been largely performed within the framework of continuum mechanics, and a number of new and sophisticated computational models have been developed. Most of the available approaches treat the heterogeneous and multiphase moving mass as a single-phase continuum. The smoothed particle hydrodynamics model (SPH model) adopted here considers, in two phases, a granular skeleton with voids filled with either water or mud. The SPH depth integrated numerical model (Pastor et al., 2009a) used for the present simulations is a 2-D model capable of predicting the runout distance, flow velocity, deposition pattern and the final volume of mudflows. It is based on mathematical and rheological models. In this study, the main characteristics of mudflow processes that have emerged in the past in the area downstream of the Grohovo landslide are examined, and the more relevant parameters and attributes describing the mudflow are presented. Principal equations that form the basis of the SPH depth integrated model are reviewed and applied to analyze the Grohovo landslide and the propagation of the mudflow wave downstream of the landslide. Based on the SPH method, the runout distance, quantities of the deposited materials and the velocity of mudflow progression which occurred in the past at the observed area are analysed and qualitatively compared to the recorded consequences of the actual event.
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Troncoso, Liliana, Francisco Javier Torrijo, Elias Ibadango, Luis Pilatasig, Olegario Alonso-Pandavenes, Alex Mateus, Stalin Solano, Ruber Cañar, Nicolás Rondal, and Francisco Viteri. "Analysis of the Impact Area of the 2022 El Tejado Ravine Mudflow (Quito, Ecuador) from the Sedimentological and the Published Multimedia Documents Approach." GeoHazards 5, no. 3 (June 30, 2024): 596–620. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geohazards5030031.
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Quito (Ecuador) has a history of mudflow events from ravines that pose significant risks to its urban areas. Located close to the Pichincha Volcanic Complex, on 31 January 2022, the northwest and central parts of the city were hit by a mudflow triggered by unusual rainfall in the upper part of the drainage, with 28 fatalities and several properties affected. This research focuses on the affected area from collector overflow to the end, considering sedimentological characteristics and behavior through various urban elements. This study integrates the analysis of videos, images, and sediment deposits to understand the dynamics and impacts of the mudflow using a multidisciplinary approach. The methodology includes verifying multimedia materials using free software alongside the Large-Scale Particle Image Velocimetry (LSPIV) to estimate the kinematic parameters of the mudflow. The affected area, reaching a maximum distance of 3.2 km from the overflow point, was divided into four zones for a detailed analysis, each characterized by its impact level and sediment distribution. Results indicate significant variations in mudflow behavior across different urban areas, influenced by topographical and anthropogenic factors. Multimedia analysis provided insights into the mudflow’s velocity and evolution as it entered urban areas. The study also highlights the role of urban planning and infrastructure in modifying the mudflow’s distribution, particularly in the Northern and Southern Axes of its path, compared with a similar 1975 event, seven times larger than this. It also contributes to understanding urban mudflow events in Quito, offering valuable insights for disaster risk management in similar contexts.
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Mamadjanova, Gavkhar, Simon Wild, Michael A. Walz, and Gregor C. Leckebusch. "The role of synoptic processes in mudflow formation in the piedmont areas of Uzbekistan." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 18, no. 11 (November 7, 2018): 2893–919. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-18-2893-2018.
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Abstract. The purpose of this study is to understand atmospheric factors, which cause mudflow variability on interannual and longer timescales, from local to synoptic scales. In a first step, historical data of mudflow occurrences in Uzbekistan provided by the Centre of Hydrometeorological Service of the Republic of Uzbekistan (Uzhydromet) for more than 140 years were analysed. During the investigation period a total of about 3000 mudflow events were observed with about 21 events per year on average. The majority of mudflows occur during the advection of westerly airflow when moist air from central and southern Europe reaches Uzbekistan. This synoptic weather type (SWT) can be related to one of the 15 primary synoptic circulation types over central Asia (CA) and Uzbekistan, which were subjectively derived by Bugayev and Giorgio in the 1930s and 1940s. To understand the main atmospheric regimes steering the variability in mudflow occurrences, we additionally applied an objective classification following the circulation weather type (CWT) approach. By means of the CWT approach, we found that on mudflow days the frequencies of cyclonic (C), westerly (W), south-westerly (SW) and north-westerly (NW) stream flows are increased in comparison to the climatological frequency of the occurrence of these circulation weather patterns. Results confirm that CWT westerly airflow initiates relatively more mudflow events comparing to other CWTs in the study area. An integrated approach of the CWT classification and an antecedent daily rainfall model are combined together in logistic regression analysis to construct a mudflow-triggering precipitation threshold for every CWT class. In general W, SW and C weather types require less antecedent rainfall to trigger mudflow occurrences in the study area. This technique is thus shown to be applicable to coarse-resolution climate model diagnostics.
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Sherkhov, Andzor Kh, and Zajna Zh Gergokova. "Database of mud flows events. Implementation of search queries." Prirodoobustrojstvo, no. 4 (2023): 86–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.26897/1997-6011-2023-4-86-91.
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The creation of specialized information resources, at the current level of application of the capabilities of the organization and data accounting, is a promising direction in improving the methods of integrated monitoring of mud flows events. In this work, the created software shell of the electronic information resource “Mudflow Phenomena Database” (DB) is presented, which covers the issues of organizing the accounting of data on mudflow phenomena based on the materials of complex and operational (space, ground route, etc.) monitoring of mudflow basins, as well as archival data on each of them. Based on the results of the analytical study of the information presented in the database, it is possible to conduct a reliable assessment of the current spatial and temporal changes in the monitoring objects of mudflow basins. Such an information basis is necessary in solving the problems of ensuring the safety of mountain settlements and economic facilities from the negative impact of mudflows. The second part of the article presents the ways to implement search queries, output data, export them with a change of format, as well as general conclusions.
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BATCHAEV, I. I., and M. T. ANAEV. "STUDIES OF MUDFLOWS IN THE BEZENGI GORGE (CENTRAL CAUCASUS, KABARDINO-BALKAR REPUBLIC):DYNAMICS, CONSEQUENCES." Prirodoobustrojstvo, no. 1 (2021): 107–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.26897/1997-6011-2021-1-107-111.
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There are presented the results of the study of mudflows in the upper reaches of the Bezengi gorge (the basin of the Cherek Bezengiysky river, above the rural settlement of Bezengi) where villages pose the greatest threat to the lives of people and economic objects. 12 watercourses with the highest frequency of mudslides were identified with a catchment area of which is 202.5 km2. The most dangerous in terms of descending frequency and fl ow power are the Zhyrchy-Suu, Bekkam-Suu and Urel-Suu streams, mudflows from which regularly fill up the dirt road to the Bezengi alpine camp and hayfields. The results of field research data of the mudflows that came in 2011, 2012, 2015 and 2017 years on the Zhyrchy-Suu, Urel-Suu and Bekkam-Suu streams and a comparative characteristic with the data of mudflows descending the same streams on July 9, 2020 are given in the work. The tendency of activation of mudflow processes in this area is determined and recommendations are given for anti-mudflow protection of the road leading to the Bezengi alpine camp.
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Gensiorovskiy, Yu V., V. A. Lobkina, A. A. Muzychenko, L. E. Muzychenko, M. V. Mikhalev, and N. N. Ukhova. "The Influence of Climate Changes on Mudflow Formation in Permafrost Areas: a Case Study for Chukotka Peninsula." Journal "Ice and snow" 63, no. 2 (April 1, 2023): 271–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s2076673423020060.
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The factors influencing the formation of mudflows in areas of the permafrost are considered. The data of studies performed in two regions of Chukotka – “Continental” (the Anyuysky ridge) and “Coastal” (the Iskaten ridge) were used for this research. The air temperature data series obtained in Chukotka in 2000–2020 demonstrate a steady growth of the average annual values. The air temperature rise estimated for the mudflow–dangerous period (June–August) amounted 1.4°C for the “Continental” area, and 1.0°C for the “Coastal”. This warming affects thickness of the seasonal melt layer of permafrost, mainly in the bottoms of valleys and on the slopes of mountains. This factor promotes the involvement of certain volumes of ground into mudflows. As a result of the research, it was found that the dynamics of the change in the thickness of the seasonal melt layer within the studied areas is positive, which is a consequence of warming and leads to additional moistening of grounds. The two periods of the mudflow formation were identified. During the first one (May–June), the mudflow formation is connected with the onset of intensive snowmelt that is favorable mainly for snow-water streams and loose mudflows. In the second period (July–August), mudflows are mostly caused by liquid precipitations, when the maximum thickness of seasonal melt layer is reached. It is the second period when a release of a large cohesive mud stream is the most probable. On the whole, the results obtained allow making a conclusion that in the near future the predominant type of mudflows in Chukotka will remain those of snow genesis. But, at the same time, under conditions of the climate change, occurrence of the snow-water mud streams will increase, especially in the “Coastal” area.
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Alekperova, Samira, and Sevanage Mamiyeva. "The influence of mudflows on the territorial organization of economy in settlements of mountain river basins (on the example of the country between Dzegamchay and Ganjachay rivers in the Azerbaijani part of the Lesser Caucasus)." Geography and water resources, no. 1 (March 30, 2022): 37–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.55764/2957-9856/2022-1-37-45.05.
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The article analyzes the scientific and methodological foundations for studying the mudflow hazard in the country between Dzegamchay rivers in the Azerbaijan part of the Lesser Caucasus. With the use of modern GIS technologies, analysis of statistical materials, mapping, field research and other methods, the threat of destruction of residential areas has been identified. In addition, based on the principle of basin analysis, using the method of comparative analysis of statistical facts, the influence of mudflows on the territorial organization of economy is studied, on the basis of which economic and geographical conditions are analyzed in detail and the mudflow threat is assessed.
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Казаков, Н. А., Д. А. Боброва, and Е. Н. Казакова. "Study of the velocity of artificial mudflow on a laboratory stand." Гидросфера. Опасные процессы и явления 4, no. 2 (December 31, 2020): 405–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.34753/hs.2020.2.4.405.
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В августе 2020 года был проведён эксперимент по измерению скорости искусственного связного (грязевого) селя на лабораторном стенде. Стенд: прямоугольный в поперечном сечении лоток длиной 3,0 м, шириной 0,25 м, глубиной 0,25 м. В лотке установлены 4 вешки для измерения гидродинамического напора селя. Уклон лотка: 29°. Движение селя снималось скоростной видеокамерой. Измерялись скорость и скоростной напор грязевого селя. Селевая смесь была приготовлена из дресвяно-щебенистого элювиально-делювиального грунта возрастом QIV с суглинистым заполнителем (лёгкий и средний суглинок, до 30%) плотностью в естественном 2 210 кг/м3. Плотность суглинка – 1 910 кг/м3. Дресва и щебень представлены алевролитом средней прочности плотностью 2 210 кг/м3. Преобладающая часть тонкодисперсных фракций грунта селевой смеси – пылеватые частицы размером менее 0,25 мм (34%). Плотность селевой смеси 1 880 кг/м3. Плотность селевых отложений составила 2 040 кг/м3. Характер движения потока – турбулентный. Скорость селя на разных участках постоянно изменялась, что говорит о постоянном изменении динамической и эффективной вязкостей потока. На это же указывает и характер обтекания селем препятствий. Сравнение результатов измеренных скоростей селя со скоростями, рассчитанными по разным методикам, основанным на структуре формулы Шези (для ньютоновских жидкостей) и по величине гидродинамического напора показало сильный разброс рассчитанных значений. Методики либо сильно завышают, либо, наоборот, сильно занижают измеренные значения. Вероятно, это вызвано тем, что связный сель не является ньютоновской жидкостью, а является жидкостью неньютоновской. Наиболее близкий физический аналог связного селя – псевдопластичная жидкость, вязкость которой уменьшается при увеличении напряжения сдвига. Скорость связных селей необходимо рассчитывать как скорость потоков неньютоновских жидкостей. В качестве физической модели связного селя целесообразно использовать модель Бингамовской жидкости, течение которой подобно течению связных селей (грязевых и грязекаменных). In August 2020, an experiment was conducted to measure the velocity of an artificial coherent mudflow on a laboratory stand. The stand is a rectangular cross-section tray with a length of 3.0 m, a width of 0.25 m, a depth of 0.25 m, slope – 29°. 4 racks were installed in the tray to measure the hydrodynamic pressure of the mudflow. The movement of the mudflow was filmed by a high-speed video camera. Velocity of artificial mudflow were measured. Most of the mudflow mixture soil is made up of particles less than 0.25 mm in size (34%). The density of the prepared mudflow mixture was 1 880 kg/m3. Density of mudflow deposits 2 040 kg/m3. Despite the small values of the Reynolds number, the turbulent movement of the mudflow was observed. Comparison of the results of the measured mudflow velocities with the velocities calculated by different methods of calculating the mudflow velocity based on the structure of the Shezi formula (for Newtonian fluids) showed a strong variation of the calculated values. The methods either greatly overestimate or, on the contrary, greatly underestimate the measured values. This is probably due to the fact that the connected mudflow is not a Newtonian fluid, but a non-Newtonian fluid. The closest physical analogue of a connected mudflow is a pseudoplastic (non-Newtonian) fluid whose viscosity decreases with increasing shear stress. As a physical model of a connected mudflow, it is advisable to use the Bingham fluid model, the flow of which is similar to the flow of coherent debris-flows and mudflows.
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Tsereteli, E., N. Bolashvili, G. Gaprindashvili, and M. Gaprindashvili. "Mudflow processes in Georgia." Geography and water resources, no. 2 (June 30, 2022): 28–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.55764/2957-9856/2022-2-28-34.10.
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Natural calamities become more topical in the beginning of XXI century, as the pressure of them on human environment becomes much heavier. The background of global climate change processes immeasurably increases the risk of uncontrollable natural catastrophes. Among the multi-spectral geological processes in Georgia, the most impressive phenomena are landslides and debris/mudflows, washing out of marine coasts and river banks within the limits of settlements. According to special research data, the landslide, mudflow, and river bank erosion out reactivation processes are growing exponentially from year to year.
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Yafyazova, Roza. "Mudflows under changing climate in Zailiysky Alatau, Northern Tien Shan." Journal of Nepal Geological Society 34 (October 9, 2006): 95–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jngs.v34i0.31883.
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The influence of climate change on mudflows is evident on the northern slopes of the Zailiysky Alatau Mountain Range. In this area, most of the mudflows occurred during the Riss- Wurm interglacial period whereas they nearly stopped during the Riss and Wurm Ice Ages. The amount of sediment transported by mudflows to the debris cones located on the foothills increased significantly when the summer air temperature increased by 2-3 °C. Under such conditions, dams are ineffective to control mudflows. Hence, for an effective mudflow control strategy, it is necessary to estimate their frequency and magnitude.
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Duxbury, Jeffrey, Samuel J. Bentley, Kehui Xu, and Navid H. Jafari. "Temporal Scales of Mass Wasting Sedimentation across the Mississippi River Delta Front Delineated by 210Pb/137Cs Geochronology." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 12, no. 9 (September 13, 2024): 1644. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse12091644.
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The Mississippi River Delta Front (MRDF) is a subaqueous apron of rapidly deposited and weakly consolidated sediment extending from the subaerial portions of the Birdsfoot Delta of the Mississippi River, long characterized by mass-wasting sediment transport. Four (4) depositional environments dominate regionally (an undisturbed topset apron, mudflow gully, mudflow lobe, and prodelta), centering around mudflow distribution initiated by a variety of factors (hurricanes, storms, and fluid pressure). To better understand the spatiotemporal scales of the events as well as the controlling processes, eight cores (5.8–8.0 m long) taken offshore from the South Pass (SP) and the Southwest Pass (SWP) were analyzed for gamma density, grain size, sediment fabric (X-radiography), and geochronology (210Pb/137Cs radionuclides). Previous work has focused on the deposition of individual passes and has been restricted to <3 m core penetration, limiting its geochronologic completeness. Building on other recent studies, within the mudflow gully and lobe cores, the homogeneous stepped profiles of 210Pb activities and the corresponding decreased gamma density indicate the presence of gravity-driven mass failures. 210Pb/137Cs indicates that gully sedimentary sediment accumulation since 1953 is greater than 580 cm (sediment accumulation rate [SAR] of 12.8 cm/y) in the southwest pass site, and a lower SAR of the South Pass gully sites (2.6 cm/y). This study shows that (1) recent dated mudflow deposits are identifiable in both the SWP and SP; (2) SWP mudflows have return periods of 10.7 y, six times more frequent than at the SP (66.7 y); (3) 210Pb inventories display higher levels in the SWP area, with the highest focusing factors in proximal/gully sedimentation, and (4) submarine landslides in both study areas remain important for sediment transport despite the differences in sediment delivery and discharge source proximity.
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Mussina, A., and A. Abdullayeva. "ASSESSMENT AND ZONING OF MUDFLOW HAZARD IN RIVER BASINS OF THE ILE ALATAU CENTRAL PART." Hydrometeorology and ecology 111, no. 4 (December 29, 2023): 34–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.54668/2789-6323-2023-111-4-34-60.
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Mudflow risk management measures in the study area consist of assessment and mapping of mudflow hazard and risk, preventive measures, monitoring, early warning, construction of mudflow protection structures. Due to global warming and intensive development of the Ulken and Kishi Almaty river basins, it became necessary to determine the criteria affecting the occurrence and development of mudflow hazards in the territory and assess the degree of their impact. This article defines the criteria of mudflow hazard, taking into account the mudflow-forming factors and mechanisms of the mudflow occurrence, as well as criteria aimed at determining the vulnerability of the territory to a mudflow due to the features that create conditions for the formation of a mudflow in the zones of origin, transit, deposition of a mudflow, as well as recipients in the zone of impact of a mudflow. As a result, a large-scale (1:25000) map of the mudflow hazard and vulnerability of the territory was created on the basis of a multi-criteria decision-making method. The developed maps play an important role in planning actions to reduce, early warning and prevent the negative consequences of mudflow.
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ΨΙΛΟΒΙΚΟΣ, Α., Σ. ΜΑΡΓΩΝΗ, Χ. ΜΟΥΜΟΥ, Π. ΜΟΥΡΤΖΙΟΣ, Σ. ΠΕΧΛΙΒΑΝΙΔΟΥ, and Σ. ΤΣΙΛΙΟΣ. "Συμβολή στη μελέτη των γεωττυραμιδικών σχηματισμών (γεωμυθότοπων) της κοιλάδας της Ποτάμιας των δυτικών Καμβουνίων (Τρανόβαλτου Σέρβιων Κοζάνης)." Bulletin of the Geological Society of Greece 38 (September 10, 2005): 134. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/bgsg.18433.
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In recently dissected ravines of the river Potamia valley on the Mt. Kamvounia (Tranovalto village, Servia, Kozani) occur conical, or column, mushroom forms known in geomorphology as pyramids or earth pillars. Local people call them "Boucharia" meaning chimneys. The relief data reveal a two cycle development. During the first cycle the rocks on the Pliocene surface of the Mt. Kamvounia were eroded. The Pleistocene valleys thus produced gradually filled up with continental deposits mainly red beds. The climatic fluctuations towards the upper Pleistocene affected the weathered rocks of Kamvounia and produced episodic mudflows or debris flows. Various clastic material of the regolith transported during these episodic flows and deposited in the valleys as tongues of limited aerial extend. They consist of heterogenous, chaotic, graded (coarsening up) structures, carrying on their top large boulders of schist or gneiss. Younger red beds deposits covered and protected the episodic mudflow deposits. The investigated case of "Boucharia" consist of a tongue of mudflow deposits 2200 m long, 300 m wide and 2 - 1 1 m thick, on altitudes of 760 m to 670 m, covered with red beds. During the second cycle the Pleistocene regime of deposition was succeeded by the Holocene regime of erosion. The red beds and the enclosed mudflow deposits were eroded by surface flows and the new ravines were formed. The large boulders on the top surface of the mudflow deposits resisted to erosion and protected the underlain materials as cap rocks. In between the material was removed by erosion. So, under every large boulder an earth pillar or pyramid was formed, all along the area of a mudflow tongue. The still active erosional processes continue to remove material from the area, to weaken and gradually destroy the earth pillars all along the sides of the new ravines. The loose mudflow deposits are not able to resist erosion, so the cap rocks usually collapse and the earth pillars are destroyed.The geopyramids, or "Boucharia" in our case, are connected with local myths or superstitions. They can be developed as site views in geoparks for recreation, tourism and education as well.
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Anakhayev, Koshkinbai N. "Validity of geophysical parameters in the mudflow cadastre of the south of Russia." Vestnik MGSU, no. 5 (May 2019): 610–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.22227/1997-0935.2019.5.610-620.
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Introduction. When evaluating mudflow danger level and developing hydroengineering anti-mudflow measures, a great meaning is obtained by mudflow basin cadastres that are widely used as reference sources by water-economic project establishments, scientists, specialists of federal and local authorities. The cadastres influence the made decisions on development of the anti-mudflow measures and protective hydroengineering facilities, since the cadastres include basic dedicated data on mudflow basin locations, geophysical (geomorphometric, hydrological) characteristic and expected mudflow parameters.
Materials and methods. The article uses known and proven methods of analysis of mudflow basin cadastres. The analytical methods are based on a comparative assessment of the presented results with basic geophysical data of primary sources (cadastres published earlier) and on-site investigations as well as compliance of the suggested empirical formulae on determination of mudflow carrying out volumes and indicators of territorial mudflow striking with mathematical and physical conditions of development of the real mudflow phenomena.
Results. Critical analysis of the contents of the Cadastre of Mudflow Danger of the South of the European Part of Russia published in 2015 allows revealing multiple distortions and substitutions of basic geophysical data of mudflow basins. There is an inaccuracy (up to 3,000 to 4,000 % and even higher) of the empirical formulae used in the cadastre for determination of volumes of modflow carrying out. The analysis reveals a hydrogeographical error connected with unfounded substitution of the concept “river length” with the value of the “total length of the main course and all its inflows” that multiply overrates the calculated riverbed length and multiply underrates value of a riverbed bias. Also the study emphasizes unacceptability of definition of the mudflow danger territory by the principle “the water-collecting area of the mudflow course is totally mudflow-threatened" owing to which the absolutely safe natural landscapes are unreasonably declared mudflow-threatened territories.
Conclusions. The stated analysis shows a discrepancy of the considered cadastre to the status of scientific and research work. In this connection, the cadastre cannot be recommended for use both in scientific researches and in practical ones. Recommendations on improvement of the mudflow basin cadastres are provided.
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Tsulukidze, Levan, Irakli Rostomashvili, and Jimsher Kerkadze. "Regulation of the Channels of Small Rivers and Their Tributaries Passing Within the City of Tbilisi by Engineering and Environmental Measures on the Example of the Aliskhevi River, a Tributary of the Lochini River." Works of Georgian Technical University, no. 2(524) (June 6, 2022): 44–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.36073/1512-0996-2022-2-44-55.
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Global climate change on our planet has significantly intensified natural disasters, such as floods, flash floods, erosions, glaciers, landslides, and more. The situation is similar in Georgia, particularly in its mountainous and foothill regions, where floods, mudflows and downpours are intensifying. Therefore, special attention should be paid to populated areas where the population and infrastructure facilities are at risk. The ecological state of the Lochini riverbeds within the city of Tbilisi is discussed and ways to improve it are suggested. An analysis of the advanced experience of foreign countries is presented, including the restoration of environmental sustainability in their valleys with the help of fragmentary revitalization in riverbeds. To achieve this goal, those field studies that were carried out in the gorge of the Aliskhevi River, in turn, the having mudflow character and representing the tributary of the Lochini River, are analyzed. The results of a study that determine the current state of the Aliskhevi riverbed are presented. The results of the study showed that this is an active mudflow, which poses a threat both to the population of the village of Martkophi and its infrastructure, as well as to the channel of the Lochini River, in particular, its environmental safety due to the transport of debris flow. The article proposes an anti-mudflow structure, the geometric dimensions of the elements of which are calculated specifically for the channel of the Aliskhevi River and according to the parameters of the expected mudflow. The effectiveness of this structure is calculated by further mathematical calculations. The corresponding scientific conclusions are given on the basis of field reconnaissance studies and office processing of aerial photographs.
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Pratama, Boby Bagja, and Supriatna. "Addressing the environmental risk from the mudflow disaster in Sidoarjo." E3S Web of Conferences 74 (2018): 12003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20187412003.
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This research focuses on disaster mitigation of Sidoarjo Mudflow since 2005 until 2018. This research aims to analyze and mapping mudflow pattern since 2005. It uses Geographical Information System or spatial information as tools to describe and analyze major environmental problems. It examines data Landsat 7 and 8 Imagery between 2005 and 2018 for calculating the area of impact from Sidoarjo Mudflow. It takes further analysis from research which using Landsat Imagery to calculating sedimentation in Mahakam Rivers. Moreover, addressing the environmental risk at Madura Gulf from Sidoarjo Mudflow in the last few years, this research analyzes the impact of mudflow distribution pattern in and social adaptation in retrospective view. This research found that sedimentation fom the mudflow is making more difficult to calculate the impact and composing mitigation plans. To address the environmental risk from the mudflow disaster, explores spatial information regarding changes from Sidoarjo Mudflow to social adaptation, such as adaptation to looking for fishing area and fishing intensity.
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Rybalchenko, S. V. "DRIFTING TIMBER FORMATION ON MUDFLOW RIVERS ON SAKHALIN ISLAND." Геоэкология. Инженерная геология. Гидрогеология. Геокриология, no. 4 (July 1, 2023): 40–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0869780923040070.
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The paper considers the regional features of the phenomena of timber drifting on mudflow rivers on Sakhalin Island. The regularities of mudflow formation in Sakhalin rivers and their mudflow regime are established and the factors causing timber drifting in the debris flow watercourses of Sakhalin Island are studied. Due to the history of Sakhalin terrain and macrorelief formation, the main mountain structures are composed of marine sediments. This promotes mudflows on rivers, the active development of exogenous processes on river slopes, and the flow of solid phase and woody vegetation into the channel and talvegs. As a result, the density of streams increases, their eroding and abrasive ability rises, which affects significantly channel deformations and involves timber drifting. High-density flows have an elevated transporting capacity, since they increase the pulling force of the flow affecting the midsection of the drifting timber root system, and also raise the timber buoyancy due to an increase in the pushing Archimedean force. Also, regional features include a large amount of liquid precipitation, the annual amounts of which in the valleys and on the coast are 800–1200 mm, and in mountainous areas can reach 1500–2000 mm. The main species of drifting timber drifting include broad-leaved trees (willow and alder), which, unlike coniferous wood, are more prone to form logjams and are most hazardous for culverts.
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Sherhov, A. Kh, and Z. Zh Gergokova. "Database of mudflow phenomena. Concept and structure of information content." Prirodoobustrojstvo, no. 3 (2023): 97–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.26897/1997-6011-2023-3-97-104.
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As part of the development of improving the methods of integrated monitoring of mudslides, a software shell of the electronic information resource «Mudflow Phenomena Database» (DB) was created. The developed database covers the issues of organizing the accounting of data on mudflow events based on the materials of complex and operational (space, ground route, etc.) monitoring of mudflow basins, as well as archival data for each of them. The purpose of this database is to provide an up-to-date information basis for assessing the current spatial and temporal changes in monitoring objects of mudflow basins, based on the results of analytical study of the replenished data. The information basis consists of information that allows us to assess the conditions of occurrence of mudflow processes in the region, their type, genesis, volume of the solid component of the mudflow, frequency, intensity, basic morphometric indicators of mudflow basins, etc. The analysis of the materials presented in the database makes it possible to identify the scale, danger, main features and patterns of the spread and development of mudflow activity. The database of mudslides, depending on the structure, content and form of search queries, can be compiled for different hierarchical levels of geographical, territorial and administrative division of the region and mudflow basins. The first part of the article describes the structure of the input information, justifies the choice of parameters to be taken into account.
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Титоренко, Александр, and Aleksandr Titorenko. "Loadings and Influences of the Debris Flow on Flexible Anti-mudflow Constructions." Construction and Architecture 1, no. 1 (May 1, 2013): 38–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/339.
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Shock impact of the head of mudflow on flexible anti-mudflow constructions, diagrams of loadings are shown. Estimated dependences are offered for determination of geometrical parameters flexible anti-mudflow constructions and tension and tension in a ring grid and anchors.
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SHERHOV, A. H., and Z. ZH GERGOKOVA. "MUDFLOW HAZARDOUS AREAS OF THE RURAL SETTLEMENT VERHNE-CHEGEMSKOE (CHEGEM RIVER BASIN, CENTRAL CAUCASUS)." Prirodoobustrojstvo, no. 1 (2021): 119–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.26897/1997-6011-2021-1-119-125.
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Changes in the glacial situation in the upper reaches of mudflow rivers that flow through the territory of mountain rural settlements as a result of climate warming contribute to an increase in mudflow risk factors. The current situation requires a review of the issues of ensuring the security of the territories of mountain settlements and infrastructure facilities. An important aspect of solving this problem is to identify areas of residential areas that are under threat of possible negative impact of dangerous slope and riverbed processes. The purpose of the presented study was to establish zones of possible damage by mudflow outflows on the territory of two mountain settlements in the Chegemsky district of Kabardino-Balkaria. The areas of possible damage were determined based on the analysis of the previous mudflow events by comparing the calculated critical volumes of mudflow outflows with morphometric parameters of the territory relief adjacent to the transit sections of mudflow channels, bridge crossings, water and mudflow structures. The results of the performed investigation show that the state and current situation of transit riverbed tracts on the territory of the villages may be inadequate for real mudflow energy. Mudslide risks and hazards in this region will not only remain relevant in the foreseeable future, but are likely to increase, they should be taken into account and it is necessary to be protected from them.
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How Tion, Puay, Lim Jia Jun, and Nor Azazi Zakaria. "NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF MUDFLOW WITH A TWO-DIMENSIONAL DEPTH-AVERAGED MODEL." Jurnal Teknologi 83, no. 3 (April 1, 2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.11113/jurnalteknologi.v83.14069.
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This study is motivated by the need to mitigate damages caused by mudflow disaster, which is occurring frequently due to intensive forest clearing and uncontrolled land use at highland. Numerical modelling of mudflow is challenging as the propagation speed and rheological behavior of the flow relies on the accuracy of the numerical scheme and choice of rheological model. In this study, a two-dimensional depth-averaged model was developed to simulate a simplified mudflow event. In order to capture shock in mudflow, the finite volume method (FVM) with third order accurate Monotonic Upstream-centered Scheme of Conservation Laws (MUSCL) scheme was adopted in the numerical model and the model was verified against a benchmark partial dam-break problem. By assuming that the mudflow has high amount of fine mud suspension. the rheological model was represented by a simplified Herschel-Bulkley model. Numerical results showed that the Herschel-Bulkley model could reproduce the viscoplastic behavior of mudflow well, especially in the estimation of final longitudinal flow spreading (2% difference compared to experimental value) and depth of peak wave (8.8% maximum difference). The robustness and stability of the model was demonstrated by simulating a simplified mudflow event with obstacles.
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Widasari, Edita Rosana, Barlian Henryranu Prasetio, Hurriyatul Fitriyah, and Reza Hastuti. "Implementation of dataflow programming based Fuzzy Logic algorithm for gas concentration index in around of Sidoarjo mudflow, Indonesia." MATEC Web of Conferences 154 (2018): 03012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201815403012.
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Sidoarjo mudflow or known as Lapindo mudflow erupted since 2006. The Sidoarjo mudflow is located in Sidoarjo City, East Java, Indonesia. The mudflow-affected area has high air pollution level and high health risk. Therefore, in this paper was implemented a system that can categorize the level of air pollution into several categories. The air quality index can be categorized using fuzzy logic algorithm based on the concentration of air pollutant parameters in the mudflow-affected area. Furthermore, Dataflow programming is used to process the fuzzy logic algorithm. Based on the result, the measurement accuracy of the air quality index in the mudflow-affected area has an accuracy rate of 93.92% in Siring Barat, 93.34% in Mindi, and 95.96% in Jatirejo. The methane concentration is passes the standard quality even though the air quality index is safe. Hence, the area is indicated into Hazardous level. In addition, Mindi has highest and stable methane concentration. It means that Mindi has high-risk air pollution.
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Cano, Fredy Alexander Muñoz, César Augusto Hidalgo Montoya, Johnny Alexander Vega Gutiérrez, and Melissa Parra Obando. "Landslide mudflow behaviour: physical and numerical modelling." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1203, no. 2 (November 1, 2021): 022136. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1203/2/022136.
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Abstract Landslides constitute one of the natural phenomena that cause the most economic losses and deaths worldwide. After failure occurs, landslides can trigger mudflows. Understanding how mud is transported is very important in infrastructure projects that coincide with hillside areas due to the high risk of this phenomena occurring due to the high slopes, which can imply great risks and produce disasters, generating considerable costs. In this work, the evaluation of a mudflow is presented, from the execution of a scale experiment in the laboratory and its validation from numerical models, considering the material behaviour as a Newtonian fluid and as a non-Newtonian fluid. The physical model was developed using a 3m x 0.5m x 0.7m rectangular channel with dimensions, with slope control. A mud mixture composed of a silty material with 60% of moisture was tested producing a mudflow. Experimental tests were carried out with slopes of 5% and 10%. The numerical models were implemented in ANSYS FLUENT software. At first stage, the numerical model was calibrated with the results of the physical model with a slope of 5% and it was validated with the results of the model for the slope of 10%. Results of the numerical models were compared with the experimental results, and they have shown that these have a great capacity to reproduce what is observed experimentally. In addition, when the material was considerate as a Newtonian fluid, a similar behaviour was found respect to a mudflow as a non-Newtonian fluid, not finding considerable differences in the final deposition length of the flow. The simulation of mudflow, especially multiphase, using CFD is usually a complex process since the boundary conditions and physical and rheological properties of the soil must be correctly defined, considering the contribution of the solid fraction in the behaviour of the numerical model. Nevertheless, despite all the simplifications that a modelling of this type entails, the results are promising to improve the understanding of the phenomenon studied, and its application in risk assessment methodologies for mass movements and their derived effects.
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Dokukin, Mikhail, Mukhtar Bekkiev, Ruslan Kalov, and Mukhtar Hadjiev. "The mudflow dynamics of the river Gerkhozhan-Su in the section of the mudflow tray and mudslides protection of the city of Tyrnyauz (Central Caucasus)." E3S Web of Conferences 157 (2020): 02018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202015702018.
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Based on the data of route inspection and video surveillance of the mudslides of the river Gerkhozhan-Su have been determined the features of the mudslides dynamics in the section of the mudflow tray. Areas of temporary mud accumulation were revealed, over which waves of mudflow periodically passed. Streams rushed through the tray at a speed of 9-12 m/s. The protective role of the mudflow tray and the need for its timely clearing of the mudflow deposits have been highlighted to ensure the anti-flood safety of the city of Tyrnyauz.
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de Oliveira Ferreira, Fabiana, Geraldo de Freitas Maciel, Guilherme Henrique Fiorot, and Evandro Fernandes da Cunha. "Numerical Analysis of Roll Waves Generation on Non-Newtonian Fluids Flowing down an Inclined Plane." Advanced Materials Research 1006-1007 (August 2014): 160–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1006-1007.160.
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This article aims to determine roll waves generation criteria for mudflow events. A representative system of equations to mudflows is reached through Cauchy’s equations (mass andmomentumconservation) with proper stress tensor (non-Newtonian fluid) in shallow water conditions. Linear stability analysis is then applied to the system and two roll waves generation criteria are found: one related to Froude number and another related to flow disturbance frequency. Numerical simulations for both Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids were carried. Good agreement was observed between numerical results and theoretical criteria.
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Sukmana, Oman. "Dominasi dan ketidakadilan negara dan korporasi dalam kasus bencana lumpur Lapindo." Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik 30, no. 2 (June 14, 2017): 150. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/mkp.v30i22017.150-161.
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The domination of the state (government) and Corporate (PT LBI) in the oil and gas resource management lead Lapindo mudflow disaster that caused misery to the people. This study aims to assess the forms of domination and injustice by the state (government) and the corporation in the case of Lapindo mudflow disaster, and how Lapindo mudflow disaster victims negotiate (resist) against the state (government) and corporations in an effort to fight for their rights. This study used a qualitative approach with case study. Subjects and informantsresearch include: (1) Lapindo mudflow disaster victims; (2) group coordinator of Lapindo mudflow disaster victims; (3) Public figures Siring village, Tanggulangin, Renokenongo, Jabon, and Jatirejo, Porong district, Sidoarjo; (4) Representation of the corporation (PT. LBI); and (5) Representation of BPLS. The data collection process using the in-deepth interviews, observation, focus group discussions, and review documents. Stage processing and data analysis includes the coding process, memoing, and concept mapping. The results showed that the government (the state) and the corporation (PT LBI) action dominating the oil and gas resource management in the area of Porong district, Sidoarjo regency, East Java, resulting misery for the victims (people). Forms of injustice felt by residents Lapindo mudflow disaster victims not only related to the issue of compensation for land and building assets alone, but more than that, including various dimensions. Through a variety of collective action, such as demonstrations and negotiations, Lapindo mudflow disaster victims filed various charges, such as demands for payment of compensation for land and building assets destroyed.
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Tarikhazer, Stara. "Assessment of ecological-geomorphological strength and risk of geosystems of the north-eastern slope of the Great Caucasus (within Azerbaijan)." Visnyk of V.N. Karazin Kharkiv National University, series Geology. Geography. Ecology, no. 56 (June 1, 2022): 264–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.26565/2410-7360-2022-56-20.
Full textAbstract:
Problem statement. The increased human pressure on natural geo-complexes is causing the revival of undesirable processes that create an extensive risk for the inhabitants of these regions. Alpine-type orogenic zones, which belong to the northeastern slope of the Greater Caucasus, are distinguished from many geomorphological systems by excessive activity of endo- and exogenous processes. Therefore, at this time, the task of diagnosing and assessing the ecological and geomorphological risk that the population faces in the development of new territories of the region seems to be important. Analysis of recent research and publications. After analyzing a number of techniques used to assess the landslide and mudflow hazards, the conclusion was made that most of them had their flaws. Research method. There are a large number of methods for assessing the risk of environmental management and predicting hazardous exodynamic processes. However, in modern conditions, these techniques are not sufficiently reliable. This, in turn, determines the relevance and the need to develop new or modernised methods of strategies for the prevention, protection, and elimination of the consequences of catastrophes and natural disasters. The purpose of this work is to reveal the geomorphological features and dynamics of the development of the most dangerous and often repeating landslide and mudflow processes based on field geomorphological studies, as well as fund literature, indicate the reasons for their formation and propose measures to combat them. Research results. The article discusses the results of ecological and geomorphological surveys on the northeastern slope of the Greater Caucasus, dedicated to the assessment of landslide and mudflow risk for the period from 1990 to 2020. To assess them in order to obtain morphometric characteristics (including the down gradient of slopes, the length and shape of slopes, areas of mudflow centers), large-scale (M 1:100000) topographic maps were used, as well as interpretation materials for different-scale and multi-temporal ASP. Based on the interpretation of the ASP within the studied region, in order to clarify the general picture of the dissection of the modern relief of the studied region, a map of morphometric tension was compiled, which includes the degree of vertical dissection of the territory, the down gradient of slopes, etc., and also maps of the risk of landslides and mudflows were compiled according to the degree of danger of landslide and mudflow processes, and the area of their distribution was calculated. Landslide and mudflow risk analysis mainly used high-resolution aerospace imagery (ASI) from CNES / Airbus, Maxar Technologies (GeoEye-1), and medium resolution Sentinel-2A and 2B. Thus visual and semi-automatic interpretation (classification with training) was performed in the ArcGIS environment. As a result, taking into account the morphometric tension, as well as the mudflow and landslide hazards, a map of the morphodynamic tension of the northeastern slope of the Greater Caucasus was compiled, which makes it possible to reveal the modern nature of the manifestation of exodynamic processes, to predict and assess the risk coming from them. Conclusion. The results of the research will make it possible to use the obtained data for the development of the Program for the safe and sustainable functioning and development for the purpose of recreational and tourist development of the difficult of access mountain geosystems of Azerbaijan.
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Frenzen, Peter M., Marianne E. Krasny, and Lisa P. Rigney. "Thirty-three years of plant succession on the Kautz Creek mudflow, Mount Rainier National Park, Washington." Canadian Journal of Botany 66, no. 1 (January 1, 1988): 130–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b88-020.
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Mudflow deposits, when dated, offer an excellent opportunity to examine vegetation and soil development overtime. Vegetation on a 33-year-old mudflow deposit at Mount Rainier National Park, WA, is compared with data collected 4 and 7 years after deposition. Four plant communities are recognized on the mudflow deposit and one is recognized in the adjacent, undisturbed forest. Soil characteristics in each community are compared with soil data collected 8 and 15 years after deposition. Key factors influencing plant succession and soil development on the mudflow deposit are (i) presence of residual standing dead trees and associated organic debris and (ii) proximity of sample stands to adjacent, undisturbed forest. Successional trends and changes in soil characteristics over a 33-year period are discussed.
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Shofwan, Moch, and Farida Nur Aini. "DISTRIBUTION OF WATER POLLUTION AREAS BASED ON THE KERNEL DENSITY METHOD FOR LAPINDO MUDFLOW DISASTER OF SIDOARJO." Jurnal Sains dan Teknologi Mitigasi Bencana 15, no. 1 (June 30, 2020): 40–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.29122/jstmb.v15i1.4122.
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The Lapindo mudflow disaster in Sidoarjo Regency which occurred on May 29, 2006 is a natural event that is classified as high risk. This disaster has a significant impact, especially for the water pollution caused by various conditions due to the Lapindo mudflow disaster. The purpose of the study is to mapping the location and analyze the distribution of water pollution based on the kernel density method. This research uses spatial approachment through descriptive-quantitative, qualitative and explorative methods. Primary and secondary data are both used in the research. The research results showed that water pollution is found on the north, west, south and east sides of the Lapindo mudflow disaster area in villages in three sub-districts namely Porong, Tanggulangin, and Jabon with the highest radius of pollution risk maximum of 1 Km from the center of the mudflow. The results of the distribution of water pollution areas based on the method of kernel density showed that the distribution of the highest water pollution leads to the north and west sides of the center of the mudflow.