Log in

Relevant bibliographies by topics / Mudstone

Contents

Journal articles
Dissertations / Theses
Books
Book chapters
Conference papers
Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Mudstone'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 26 February 2023

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles

Select a source type:

Consult the lists of relevant articles, books, theses, conference reports, and other scholarly sources on the topic 'Mudstone.'

Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.

You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.

Journal articles on the topic "Mudstone"

1

Wang, Ziwen, Jifang Du, Shuaifeng Wu, Yingqi Wei, Jianzhang Xiao, Wenxi Han, Di Pan, and Binbin Zheng. "Water Softening Mechanism and Strength Model for Saturated Carbonaceous Mudstone in Panzhihua Airport, China." Advances in Civil Engineering 2020 (December 9, 2020): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8874201.

Full text

Abstract:

To identify the water softening mechanisms that caused landslides in Panzhihua Airport, China, property and saturation tests of the mudstones extracted from a representative landslide were proposed. In this paper, water saturation tests were carried out on samples of carbonaceous mudstone collected from the east side of the No. 12 landslide at the airport. A number of different analytical techniques and mechanical tests were used to determine changes in chemical composition, mineral assemblages, and mudstone structural characteristics, including shear strength, after the mudstone had been softened. Three kinds of changes caused by water and three mudstone softening stages are proposed. The results show that the water has a significant influence on the properties of the mudstone, so the stability of the mudstone in the watery period is a big threat to the upper structure. A model for water immersion mudstone strength softening is developed. The model incorporates a permeability coefficient, the hydraulic gradient, and time; the model can be used to determine the mudstone’s shear strength and internal friction angle. This study provides a reference for the study of rock softened by water immersion.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Feng, Chong, and Hua Cai. "Seepage Mechanics Mechanism of Undercompacted Mudstone's Formation." Applied Mechanics and Materials 459 (October 2013): 693–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.459.693.

Full text

Abstract:

Buried mudstones general have undercompacted phenomenon. Undercompacted mudstones have the characteristics that the porosity and pore fluid pressure are abnormal bigger. In order to disclosure the seepage mechanics mechanism of undercompacted mudstones formation, this paper has summed up the seepage mechanics relationship when fluid flows through the mudstone, and has verified the relationships between the key physical quantities with the minimal pressure (pressure that can let the fluid flow in the mudstone) by the experiments in physics. This paper has also analysis the formations process of undercompacted mudstone. The result shows that, the flow regime of fluid in the mudstone is the low speed seepage, and it is not applicable by Darcy equation; the fluid what flow through the thick and heavy compacted mudstone has the big minimal pressure. At the beginning or during the deposit, the rule of fluid flow in the mudstone decides that the fluid inside of the mudstone is more difficult to flow out than the fluid surface of the mudstone, and the inside mudstone becomes undercompacted. Because of the undercompacted mudstone is more important for the exploration of oil and gas, it has theoretic and practical sense to analysis the formations mechanism of the undercompacted mudstone.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Feng, Zheyuan, Qi Xu, Xinyu Luo, Ruyu Huang, Xin Liao, and Qiang Tang. "Microstructure, Deformation Characteristics and Energy Analysis of Mudstone under Water Absorption Process." Energies 15, no. 20 (October 12, 2022): 7511. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15207511.

Full text

Abstract:

In geological engineering, a series of safety problems caused by expansive mudstone are common, such as slope instability and roadbed up-arch. In this paper, the mineral composition of mudstones in the Xining area was analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), and the microstructural and morphological changes of mudstones after water absorption were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) test to analyze the internal factors and microstructural evolution patterns of water absorption and swelling of mudstones. Based on the microstructural units, the mudstones were defined into two categories, one is N-type mudstone with flat sheet-like stromatolite units, and the other is SN-type mudstone with more clastic particle units. Water absorption experiments were conducted on the rock samples to study the microstructure of these two types of mudstones under different water absorption conditions. The pore characteristics of the mudstones were analyzed by using Image-Pro Plus to reveal the water absorption mechanism. The results show that the pore area of N-type mudstone is smaller, as well as the distribution of pore diameter. The pore area of N-type mudstone develops rapidly, in the early stage of water absorption, lots of pores are produced, and the pore area of SN-type mudstone shows an overall decreasing trend. The pore area and the number of SN-type mudstones are at a low level after full water absorption. Under the condition of full immersion, water enters the pores rapidly and soluble salts are dissolved in large quantities. The change of water absorption rate of mudstone with time can be divided into the stage of sudden increase, decrease and stability of water absorption rate. Then, based on the stress theory, the relationship between the macroscopic expansion process and the microstructure of mudstone was analyzed. Finally, the energy basis of mudstone water absorption is discussed. In the swelling of mudstone, the energy gradually turns into swelling strain energy.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

Zhang, Xue Juan, Lei Zhang, and Zhi Ru Yang. "Seismic Prediction Method for Dark Mudstone Thickness of the Second Member of the Denglouku Formation in Northern Songliao Basin." Advanced Materials Research 616-618 (December 2012): 411–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.616-618.411.

Full text

Abstract:

The hydrocarbon source rocks in Denglouku formation of Northern Songliao Basin are mainly the grey mudstones in Deng 2 member. Combined with well and seismic information, this paper forecasts the mudstone thickness distribution of study area applying multiple seismic attribute quantitative prediction based on sedimentary characteristics. We also predict the plane distribution of dark mudstone-mudstone thickness ratio with stratigraphic sedimentary thickness information, horizontal result of seismic facies interpretation and dark mudstone-mudstone thickness ratio materials of well point. Eventually, we obtain the plane dark mudstone prediction result. Analysis indicates that the source rocks of Deng 2 member in Northern Songliao Basin mainly consist of three larger dark mudstone development areas and other sporadic small-scale development areas adjacent, which have the maximum dark mudstone thickness of about 357m located near Songji 6 well.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

Zhu, Rui, Ying-hao Huang, Zhu Song, and Feng Zhou. "Volume Changes and Mechanical Properties of Expansive Mudstone below Canals under Wet-Dry/Wet-Dry-Freeze-Thaw Cycles." Advances in Civil Engineering 2021 (June 5, 2021): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/3791692.

Full text

Abstract:

The complex environment in northern China is the main reason for degradation of expansive mudstone below the canals, which resulted in instability and damage of canal slopes. In this study, a serial of laboratory tests was conducted to explore the volume changes and mechanical behaviors of expansive mudstone below the canals in Xinjiang. The experimental program includes wet-dry (WD) and wet-dry-freeze-thaw (WDFT) tests, volume measurement, and unconfined compression tests. The test results show that during the WD cycles, the volume changes of expansive mudstones with a higher dry range would be more significant. The freeze-thaw process in the WDFT cycles resulted in a decrease of volume change ranges when the expansive mudstones had a relatively smaller dry range and a slight increase of volume change ranges when the expansive mudstones had a relatively larger dry range. In the meantime, the stress-strain relationships of expansive mudstones with different dry ranges all presented strain softening under the cycles of WD or WDFT. The first cycle resulted in a significant decrease of failure strength. After seven WD/WDFT cycles, the failure strength of expansive mudstones with different dry ranges decreased by 37.2%∼59.1%. In addition, the freeze-thaw process in the WDFT cycles promoted the softening of the stress-strain relationships and aggravated the failure strength attenuation of expansive mudstones. Through this study, we expect to provide a preliminary basis for the construction and maintenance of expansive mudstone canals in Xinjiang.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

Douma, Lisanne A. N. R., Jeremie Dautriat, Joel Sarout, David N. Dewhurst, and Auke Barnhoorn. "Impact of water saturation on the elastic anisotropy of the Whitby Mudstone, United Kingdom." GEOPHYSICS 85, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): MR57—MR72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/geo2019-0004.1.

Full text

Abstract:

Mudstones are often anisotropic, which complicates depth conversion in seismic exploration and monitoring subsurface reservoirs during injection or production. In addition, the physical and mechanical properties of mudstones are highly sensitive to their water content. The elastic anisotropy of mudstones is not well understood because of their complex nature and the lack of laboratory experiments performed on well-preserved samples. Triaxial deformation tests were performed on mudstone core plugs to investigate the impact of water saturation on the elastic anisotropy of the Whitby Mudstone (United Kingdom). The mechanical and physical properties of the Whitby Mudstone were estimated from stress-strain and ultrasonic wave velocity data obtained on core plugs with different water saturations under isotropic and anisotropic stress conditions. The Whitby Mudstone has extremely high intrinsic elastic anisotropy (0.3–0.4) due to its composition and lamination. This elastic anisotropy increases with decreasing water content. There are three competing mechanisms that play a key role in the anisotropy increase due to dehydration such as (1) density contrast in the pore space (i.e., the presence of purely brine or a mixture of brine and air in the pore space), (2) formation of dehydration fractures, and (3) frame stiffening. Increasing the mean effective stress leads to a decrease in Thomsen’s anisotropy parameters [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] because of the closure of defects, such as natural and dehydration fractures, and the formation of stress-induced fractures. The relationship between the wavefront anellipticity factor [Formula: see text] and the mean effective stress is nonmonotonic and can be related to the onset of inelastic deformation.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

Zhou, Yi Bo, Guang Di Liu, and Jia Yi Zhong. "Identification and Distribution of Lower Cretaceous Source Rocks in Ying’er Sag, Jiuquan Basin." Advanced Materials Research 616-618 (December 2012): 69–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.616-618.69.

Full text

Abstract:

Based on the sequence stratigraphy study, the relation between dark mudstone ratio and sedimentary facies in different system tracts is observed and used to forcast the distribution of dark mudstones in the main formation combining with seismic data and well log. However, not all dark mudstones can generate hydrocarbon, so the source rock quality is quoted to calculate the thickness of the source rock within mudstone. The results show that the favored source rock in lake progressive system tracts and the bottom of highstand system tracts of Xiagou Formation and Chijinpu Formation are related to a group of reflectors with medium-strong amplitude, medium-low frequency and medium to comparatively good lateral continuity. The source rock of Xiagou Formation with high organic content and wide-range distribution is the major hydrocarbon source in Ying’er Sag, while Chijinpu Formation with thick dark mudstones is the potential source rock and the target of the further exploration.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

Cruden, D. M., S. Thomson, and P. C. Tsui. "The geotechnical characteristics of an ice-thrust mudstone, Wabamun Lake area, Alberta." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 26, no. 2 (May 1, 1989): 227–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t89-032.

Full text

Abstract:

This first detailed report of the geotechnical characteristics of ice-thrust soft rock examines Upper Cretaceous, once heavily overconsolidated mudstones in the Highvale coal mine, Alberta. The fissured and brecciated sample from an ice-thrust shear zone in the mine behaves as a lightly overconsolidated sediment in laboratory tests and shows a non-brittle mode of shear deformation with a maximum shear strength close to residual. This behaviour is due to weathering and glaciotectonic deformation, which have jointed, sheared, and remoulded the mudstone, thus eliminating the fabric formed by overconsolidation.In the ice-thrust mudstone, platy clay minerals dominate and have been grouped into aggregations or shear-remoulded matrices. The strength of the brecciated portion of the mudstone ranges from peak to residual. The strength along principal displacement shears is at or close to residual, as back analysis of a slope failure shows. Key words: ice-thrust shear zone, glaciotectonic deformation, consolidation, nonbrittle deformation, principal displacement shears, shear strength.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

Haq, Izhar Ul, Eswaran Padmanabhan, and Omer Iqbal. "Depositional Heterogeneities and Brittleness of Mudstone Lithofacies in the Marcellus Subgroup, Appalachian Basin, New York, U.S.A." Energies 14, no. 20 (October 14, 2021): 6620. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14206620.

Full text

Abstract:

Organic-rich rocks of the Marcellus subgroup in the study area consist of a diverse suite of mudstone lithofacies that were deposited in distinct facies belts. Lithofacies in the succession range in composition from argillaceous to siliceous, calcareous, and carbonaceous mudstone. Heterogeneities in the succession occurs in the form of varying mineralogical composition, slightly bioturbated to highly bioturbated chaotic matrix, organic-rich and organic-lean laminae, scattered fossil shells in the matrix, and fossils acting as lamination planes. Lithofacies were deposited in three facies belts from the proximal to the distal zone of the depositional system. Bedded siliceous mudstone (BSM) facies occur in the proximal facies belt and consists of a high quartz content in addition to clay minerals and pyrite. In the medial part of the facies belt lies the laminated argillaceous mudstone (LAM), bedded calcareous mudstone (BCaM), and bedded carbonaceous mudstone (BCM). The size of detrital mineral grains in the lithofacies of the medial facies belt is larger than bedded argillaceous mudstone (BAM) of the distal facies belt, characterized by clay-rich matrix with occasional fossil shells and horizontally aligned fossils. Two types of horizontal traces and one type of fecal string characterize the proximal mud-stone facies, whereas only single horizontal trace fossil is found in the mudstones of the medial and distal facies belt. Parallel alignment of fossil shells and fossil lags in lithofacies indicate that bed-load transport was active periodically from the proximal source of the depositional system. Bioturbation has heavily affected all of the lithofacies and presence of mottled burrows as well as Devonian fauna indicate that oxic to dysoxic conditions prevailed during deposition. The deposition of this organic-rich mudstone succession through dynamic processes in an overall oxic to dysoxic environment is different from conventional anoxic depositional models interpreted for most of the organic rich black shales worldwide. Total organic content (TOC) varies from top to bottom in the succession and is highest in BCM facies. The brittleness index, calculated on the basis of mineralogy, allowed classification of the lithofacies into three distinct zones, i.e., a brittle zone, a less brittle zone, and a ductile zone with a general proximal to distal decrease in the brittle behavior due to a decrease in the size of the sediments.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

Small, C. A., and N. R. Morgenstern. "Performance of a highwall in soft rock, Highvale mine, Alberta." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 29, no. 3 (June 1, 1992): 353–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t92-041.

Full text

Abstract:

The Highvale mine, west of Edmonton, Alta., is a strip-mining operation with Upper Cretaceous soft sandstone and mudstone overlying the coal deposit. Highwalls cut in the soft rock experienced numerous failures from 1983 to 1985 that disrupted stripping and mining operations and posed a threat to safety. The performance of a 20–23 m highwall at Highvale was studied in 1987 and 1988 to gain insight to the mechanisms of failure. The study utilized surveying, slope indicators, and piezometers to determine the deformation and seepage pattern behind the highwall as it rebounded into the pit upon excavation. Translational movements were found to extend over 250 m behind the highwall along weak, probably presheared bentonitic mudstones. The sandstone and mudstone overburden was observed to extend toward the open pit. This affected the pore-pressure regime and led to a reduction in the mass strength of the sandstone and mudstone. The findings of this study contributed to a better understanding of the mechanisms of highwall failure in soft sedimentary rocks. Key words : highwall, deformations, failure, seepage, loosening, softening.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

More sources

Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Mudstone"

1

DeVore, Joshua R. "Mudstone Consolidation in the Presence of Seismicity." The Ohio State University, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1461265220.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Simpson, David Jonathan. "Multi-scale laboratory characterisation of soft calcareous mudstone." Thesis, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/3041.

Full text

Abstract:

The construction industry of Abu Dhabi is thriving and its coastline has some of the most ambitious structures in the world. Whilst the sub-surface evaporitic and calcareous soft rocks of this region are of great geological interest, they are relatively poorly understood from a geotechnical engineering perspective, forcing foundation designs to be overly conservative. Understanding a lithology’s’ stiffness at small strains is of great importance for the accurate estimation of ground movements around excavations and foundations, and yet post-SI laboratory testing programmes in this part of the world tend to centre around basic rock mechanics practices such as UCS tests. These procedures are generally unsuitable due to the friable and moisture sensitive nature of the native lithologies, and rarely obtain parameters representative of in-situ behaviour. Measuring the development of local strains on samples is particularly problematic due to these physical attributes. The calcareous mudstones of this thesis have mechanical and structural characteristics falling between that of soil and rock and as such require a geotechnical testing approach that combines methods from both soil and rock mechanics disciplines. A custom framework has been developed that acts as a methodology for the laboratory testing of a soft calcareous mudstone. The mineralogical, micro-structural and mechanical characteristics of this lithology are examined via a suite of testing techniques, including XRD, SEM, advanced triaxial, DIC and Bender Elements along with industry standard procedures. Shearing, tensile and consolidation behaviours are explored. Examination of the micro-macro scale features of this material show it to be highly structured, with strength and stiffness being controlled by inter-granular bonding of Dolomite grains, as well as by mean effective stress state and rate of strain. The presence of fibrous Palygorskite acts to reduce the degree of bonding, causing specimens rich in this clay mineral to behave more mechanically ductile.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Brown, Paul Ecclestone. "Mudstone porosity and clay fraction in overpressured basins." Thesis, Durham University, 2002. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/4165/.

Full text

Abstract:

This thesis demonstrates the use of a mixture of standard and novel petrophysical techniques to estimate physical parameters of mudstone and explores the use of a generic, clay fraction-dependent compaction model in the context of pore pressure evaluation. Mudstones are often highly heterogeneous, yet many authors use a single compaction trend to describe their behaviour. Previous work has shown that the rate of a mudstone's compaction with vertical effective stress is a function of its clay fraction, the proportion of the sediment matrix with a particle diameter of less than 2μm. This observation forms the basis of the generic mudstone compaction model used in this thesis. The use of the generic compaction model is explored in two case studies using characterised mudstone samples and wireline log data from the Gulf of Thailand and Gulf of Mexico. Further mudstone samples from the Central North Sea were characterised. An error analysis showed that the compaction model can provide estimates of pressure to within ±1.8MPa at a burial depth of 3km (equivalent to ±0.5ppg mudweight) when the input parameters are constrained to an attainable level. In both cases studied, standard methods of analysis could not provide reasonable estimates of pressure in mudstone using wireline resistivity and porosity log data compared to pressure measurements in associated sand bodies. The deep sediments of the two wells studied from the Gulf of Thailand are overconsolidated with respect to their current stress state. The generic compaction model was used to determine that the overconsolidated sediments were uplifted by 1,300m and have been reburied beneath 900m of sediment that now overlies a regional unconformity. The generic compaction model was used in conjunction with an artificial neural network technique for the characterisation of mudstones from wireline data to determine pressure estimates in the mudstones of three deepwater wells in the Gulf of Mexico. A pressure transition zone in one well was shown to be associated with a 10% increase of mudstone clay fraction within the zone compared to surrounding rocks. In both case studies disequilibrium compaction was identified as the key overpressure generation mechanism.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

Wilkins, Anne D. "Characterisation of Triassic mudstones from the central North Sea : sedimentological, mineralogical and pore system properties." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2016. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=232258.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

McCay, Alistair. "Fluid flow through connected sub-seismic features in mudstone." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2014. http://oleg.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=23509.

Full text

Abstract:

In the past decade, tight sandstones and shales are increasingly being considered for hydrocarbon production however there are still several scientific and technological obstacles to overcome to ensure unconventional reservoirs are economically viable. Compared with conventional reservoirs, such as permeable sandstone, there is a paucity of basic field research involving mudstone formations, partly due to their susceptibility to erosion making field studies difficult. Other direct applications are radioactive waste disposal and also CO2 storage. A 15 metre thick faulted shale unit, deposited in the distal zone of a submarine fan, was studied to investigate the controls on fluid flow through low permeability clastic rock. Turbidite flows are present within the shale as very thin (1-5mm) fine grained sandstone beds, channels and lenses which would not be picked up by wireline logging. The shale is cut by a series of conjugate faults and an associated fracture network; the faults hav e a maximum recorded throw of 10m i.e. at the limit of typical industry seismic surveys. Field data show evidence for two distinct flow episodes; carbonate-filled veins and green alteration halos. Flow utilised a subgroup of both the fractures and the more permeable sandstone bands but this flow network varied between flow episodes. Flow modelling shows that the interplay between the structural and depositional features, often averaged out during upscaling processes, acts to significantly increase the connectivity of the flow network emphasising the importance of field statistical characterisation for predicting distributions of such small scale features. Predictions based upon statistical analysis of data from sparsely distributed boreholes are likely to be needed to accurately characterise these sub-seismic flow networks. Key features that controlled permeability enhancement were closely spaced faults creating an interaction zone of high fracture density and networks with fluid flow conduits that connect to multiple other conduits.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

Moore, Julian Kenneth Spencer. "Integration of the sedimentological and petrophysical properties of mudstone samples." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/227.

Full text

Abstract:

Mudstones are of considerable scientific and economic importance as they are the dominant sedimentary rock type, forming the main repository of Earth history and having significance to numerous aspects of petroleum exploration and production, and many other industries. This study investigated the sedimentological characteristics of 150 diverse mudstone samples. The novel integration of grain size analysis combined with petrographic observations lead to a framework in which six mudstone grain size distribution (GSD) types are defined. The grain size types proposed are remarkably consistent in their form and characteristics and can be understood in terms of well constrained physical processes of deposition. The basis for this definition reflects largely the relative contributions of a flocculated, clay-rich component and an unflocculated silt/sand-rich grain size component. Integration of grain size data, pore size data and petrographic observations suggests a critical division between: (a) flocdominated mudrocks whose structure is supported by the clay matrix; and (b) silt-rich mudrocks whose structure is supported by a silt/fine sand framework. Floc-dominated mudrocks with clay matrix support develop low permeabilities and become very good capillary seals at relatively shallow depths. In contrast, silt-rich mudrocks with framework support only become low permeability units and very good capillary seals at much greater levels of compaction. The framework proposed here can form the basis of predictive flow and seal capacity models for mudrocks. A combined PCAcluster analysis approach to the grain size based classification of mudstones showed that of the six types defined in Chapter 2, types 1 — 4 (floc — silt mixtures) were consistently partitioned from types 5 — 6 (silt or sand rich mixtures). An attempt was made to quantify the distribution of key pore parameters, such as mean pore size, by grouping the data to reflect the matrix (grain size types 1 — 4) and framework (grain size types 5 — 6) support regimes and dividing into 5% porosity bins. The statistical distribution of pore network properties could not be verified, principally due to a combination of sparse sample numbers and highly variable nature of this data. This work illustrates that variability in mudstone pore size distributions is not constrained solely by lithology (support regime) and porosity, and thus that other factors must be taken into account if their evolution during compaction is to be understood.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

Wehrle, Kathryn Marie. "Drained shear strength characteriestics of an argillaceous residuum from weathered mudstone." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/19905.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

Mckernan, Rosanne. "An experimental investigation into the stress dependent fluid transport properties of mudstones." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2016. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/an-experimental-investigation-into-the-stress-dependent-fluid-transport-properties-of-mudstones(17efbf46-29a3-44d1-afd3-194709418c90).html.

Full text

Abstract:

Measuring transport properties of rock samples under stress is essential to understanding and predicting the migration of fluids within the Earth's crust. Mudrocks play an essential role in petroleum systems as they are often the source rock and may act as a seal due to their low permeability. With increasing production from unconventional reservoirs where the mudrock is source, reservoir and seal, there is now even greater demand to understand the permeability and storativity of mudstones and tight sandstones. When hydraulic fracture treatment is used to enhance production, flow of hydrocarbons into the fractures will be ultimately controlled by the matrix permeability. Knowledge of the fluid transport properties of mudstones is currently hindered by a scarcity of published experimental data. In this thesis, a combination of permeability and ultrasonic velocity measurements allied with image analysis is used to distinguish the primary microstructural controls on effective stress dependent permeability. Permeabilities of cylindrical samples of Whitby Mudstone and Eagle Ford Shale have been measured using the oscillating pore pressure method at confining pressures ranging between 30-95 MPa and pore pressures ranging between 1-80 MPa. The results show that samples must be pressure cycled in order to obtain a reproducible behaviour, after which the relationship between permeability and effective stress can be described by an exponential law. The permeability of the Whitby Mudstone samples ranges between 7 ×10-21 m2 and 2 ×10-19 m2 (7 nd to 188 nd) and decreases by ~1 order of magnitude across the applied effective stress range. The permeability of the Eagle Ford Shale samples is slightly higher ranging between 2 ×10-18 m2 and 42 ×10-18 m2 (2 μd to 42 μd) and decreases by half an order of magnitude across the applied effective stress range. Permeability is shown to be more sensitive to changes in pore pressure than changes in confining pressure yielding values of alpha between 1.1-2.1 for Whitby Mudstone and 1.6-4.6 for Eagle Ford Shale. Gas slippage (Klinkenberg) effects are restricted to pore pressures below 10 MPa in the Whitby Mudstone and therefore do not affect the results presented. The permeability-effective stress relationship is thus empirically described using a modified effective stress law in terms of confining pressure, pore pressure and a Klinkenberg effect. Use of a simple reservoir model demonstrates that if pressure dependent permeability is not taken into account, substantial overestimation of gas flow rate and original gas in place will be made from well tests. Changes in ultrasonic velocity and pore volume were related to the observed loss of permeability with increasing effective stress, providing further insight into the nature of the permeability-controlling pore network. Combining the petrophysical data with pore conductivity modelling and microstructural analysis shows that at low effective stresses, permeability is controlled by a network of long, thin crack-like pores associated with grain boundaries. At high effective stresses, these cracks are closed and fluid is restricted to flowing through a less permeable network of higher aspect ratio, stiffer, nm-scale pores in the clay matrix. Applying the methods developed in the present work to different mudstones with a range of compositions and textures will help to refine understanding of the variability in fluid-conducting pore networks, thereby advancing the interpretation of data from well logs and well tests used for reservoir evaluation.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

Swanson, Rodney Duane. "A stratigraphic-geochemical study of the Troutdale Formation and Sandy River Mudstone in the Portland basin and lower Columbia River Gorge." PDXScholar, 1986. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/3720.

Full text

Abstract:

Hyaloclastic sediment forms an identifiable stratigraphic interval within the Troutdale Formation that can be traced from the Bridal Veil channel to the Portland basin. Hyaloclastic sediment composed chiefly vitric sands is found interbedded with muds, sandy muds and gravels penetrated by wells in northeast Portland are correlated with the upper member of the Troutdale Formation. These beds are characteristic of the informal upper member of the Troutdale Formation in the Bridal Veil channel of the ancestral Columbia River (Tolan and Beeson, 1984) and the type area of the Troutdale Formation exposed along the Sandy River (Trimble, 1963). Fluvially deposited hyaloclastic beds within the upper Troutdale Formation are interpreted to be the result of interaction of Cascadian basaltic lavas with an ancestral Columbia River (Tolan and Beeson, 1984; Trimble, 1963). Glass clasts taken from well and outcrop samples have nearly identical trace and minor element geochemical content as determined by instrumental neutron activation analysis.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

Azmi, Azrin. "Late Triassic to early Jurassic microfossils and palaeoenvironments of the Waterloo Mudstone Formation." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2018. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/8517/.

Full text

Abstract:

Northern Ireland Waterloo Mudstone Formation has received relatively little attention due to the scarcity of exposures and poor availability of subsurface records. The recent recovery of latest Triassic to Early Jurassic strata from boreholes permits further study of biostratigraphical and palaeoenvironmental using foraminifera and ostracods. The samples are from boreholes (Ballinlea-1, Magilligan and Carnduff-1) and exposures (White Park Bay, Tircrevan Burn, Larne, Ballygalley, Ballintoy and Kinbane Head). The age of the sections, established using foraminiferal biozonation ranges from latest Triassic (Rhaetian) to earliest Pliensbachian (JF9a). The assemblages recovered broadly similar to those elsewhere in NW Europe; European Boreal Atlantic Realm. The latest Rhaetian to earliest Sinemurian low diverse microfossil assemblages dominant by metacopid ostracods with occasional influx of opportunist foraminifera but gradually, foraminiferal abundances exceed the ostracods in the Early Sinemurian onwards with their highest diversity in the Late Sinemurian. The foraminiferal assemblages are dominated by foraminifera of the Lagenida, other groups include the Miliolida, Buliminida and Robertinida. Based on the microfossils, the sediments are considered to represent confined inner shelf environment in latest Rhaetian to Hettangian then gradually recovered to well-oxgenated, open marine deposits of outermost inner shelf to middle shelf in Early Sinemurian to Early Pliensbachian.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

More sources

Books on the topic "Mudstone"

1

C, Aplin Andrew, Fleet A. J, and Macquaker Joe H. S, eds. Muds and mudstones: Physical and fluid-flow properties. London: Geological Society, 1999.

Find full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

West, G. Stress-strain behaviour of large specimens of mudstone. Crowthorne, Berks: Transport and Road Research Laboratory, Highways and Structures Dept., Ground Engineering Division, 1985.

Find full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Hayashi, Masami. Vanadium extraction from Idaho mudstones. Pittsburgh, Pa: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bureau of Mines, 1985.

Find full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

Clark, Sandra H. B. Barite nodules in Devonian shale and mudstone of western Virginia. Washington, DC: Dept. of the Interior, 1989.

Find full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

Clark, Sandra H. B. Barite nodules in Devonian shale and mudstone of western Virginia. [Washington, D.C.]: U.S. G.P.O., 1989.

Find full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

Stanley, Richard G. Rock-Eval pyrolysis and vitrinite reflectance results from outcrop samples of the Rincon Shale (lower Miocene) collected at the Tajiguas Landfill, Santa Barbara County, California. [Menlo Park, CA]: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1992.

Find full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

Stanley, Richard G. Rock-Eval pyrolysis and vitrinite reflectance results from outcrop samples of the Rincon Shale (lower Miocene) collected at the Tajiguas Landfill, Santa Barbara County, California. [Menlo Park, CA]: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1992.

Find full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

Stanley, Richard G. Rock-Eval pyrolysis and vitrinite reflectance results from outcrop samples of the Rincon Shale (lower Miocene) collected at the Tajiguas Landfill, Santa Barbara County, California. [Menlo Park, CA]: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1992.

Find full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

1926-, Vedder J. G., ed. Age and tectonic inferences from a condensed(?) succession of upper Cretaceous, Paleocene, and Eocene strata, Big Pine Mountain area, Santa Barbara County, California. [Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1998.

Find full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

C, Valin Zenon, Pawlewicz M. J, and Geological Survey (U.S.), eds. Rock-Eval pyrolysis and vitrinite reflectance results from outcrop samples of the Rincon Shale (lower Miocene) collected at the Tajiguas Landfill, Santa Barbara County, California. [Menlo Park, CA]: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1992.

Find full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

More sources

Book chapters on the topic "Mudstone"

1

Chen, R. H., and J. J. Wang. "Strength of a compacted mudstone." In Environmental Geotechnics and Problematic Soils and Rocks, 463–70. London: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003211051-46.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Olson, Terrilyn, and Kitty L. Milliken. "Petrographic Imaging Methods for Characterizing Mudstone Reservoirs." In Encyclopedia of Petroleum Geoscience, 1–29. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-02330-4_309-1.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Qiu, Zhenfeng, Shaobo Yang, Junjie Wang, and Ting Cao. "Particle Breakage of a Crushed Sandstone–Mudstone Particle Mixture." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 463–74. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-77230-7_35.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

Liu, Wei, Wenwu Chen, Gaochao Lin, Juan Wang, Guanping Sun, and Xiumei Zhong. "Shear Strength of Slip Surface in Loess-Mudstone Interface Landslide." In Proceedings of GeoShanghai 2018 International Conference: Fundamentals of Soil Behaviours, 531–39. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-0125-4_59.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

Yang, Zhanbiao, Man Wang, and Yuanguang Zhu. "Experimental study on grout reinforcement mechanism in deep fractured mudstone." In Advances in Frontier Research on Engineering Structures Volume 1, 295–300. London: CRC Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003336631-50.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

Zhu, Weiwei. "Stability evaluation and protection of a highly weathered mudstone slope in Yunnan." In Advances in Civil Engineering: Structural Seismic Resistance, Monitoring and Detection, 34–38. London: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003310884-5.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

Markvukaj, Stephanie, Imran Farooq, Anthony O’Brien, Sarah Pye, and Michael Vance. "Shaft friction design for piles in extremely weak to weak Mercia Mudstone." In High Speed Two (HS2): Infrastructure Design and Construction (Volume 3), 17–41. London: ICE Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/hs2.66892.017.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

Li, Dongjie, Yuhao Wei, Changzhu Liu, Hongyan Ma, Jinsheng Yang, and Zhaohai Yin. "Research and Application of Borehole Stability Mechanism in the Deep Sand-mudstone Formation." In Proceedings of the International Field Exploration and Development Conference 2018, 1557–72. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-7127-1_149.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

Cao, Weidong, Shutang Liu, and Yingyong Li. "Slope Stability Analysis of the Embankment Filled with River Sand and Weathered Mudstone Rock." In Pavement Materials and Associated Geotechnical Aspects of Civil Infrastructures, 35–45. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-95759-3_3.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

Zeng, Zhixiong, Lingwei Kong, Min Wang, and Juzhao Li. "Weathered Swelling Mudstone Landslide and Mitigation Measures in the Yanji Basin: A Case Study." In New Developments in Materials for Infrastructure Sustainability and the Contemporary Issues in Geo-environmental Engineering, 182–90. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-95774-6_14.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Conference papers on the topic "Mudstone"

1

Veiga, Anabela. "DIAPIR MUDSTONE PROPERTIES, LEIRIA, PORTUGAL." In 15th International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference SGEM2015. Stef92 Technology, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2015/b12/s2.033.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Chen, Haodong, Hexing Liu, Ming Luo, Yan Jin, Xu Han, Jiwen Liang, Shiguo Wang, and Yunhu Lu. "Comprehensive Speed-Up Technology for Safe and Efficient Drilling Through Ultra-HTHP Huge Mudstone Formation in the South China Sea." In International Petroleum Technology Conference. IPTC, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2523/iptc-22693-ms.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract How to drill through the huge mudstone formation safely and quickly in the Ying-Qiong basin, western South China Sea has always been a significant problem in deep-water drilling. Under the action of the hydrostatic pressure of high-density drilling fluid and confining pressure of deep strata, ultra-HTHP huge mudstone presents viscoelastic and severe plastic characteristics. It is difficult for the bit to penetration the strata and slow down the rate of penetration. Although the thickness of mudstone is less than 30% of the total footage, the pure drilling time accounts for more than 75% of the total drilling time, which is difficult to meet the demand for economic and efficient drilling. In order to solve the problem of low ROP, the deformation and failure characteristics of huge plastic mudstone are found through the experimental test. The critical confining pressure of brittle plastic transition of mudstone is analyzed. The evaluation method of brittle plastic transition of mudstone and its influence on drillability is proposed. The personalized design and selection template of drill bits for plastic mudstone is established, and the personalized bits and drilling acceleration tools are optimized. The design scheme of safe drilling fluid density is put forward, which considers both wellbore safety and elimination of chip hold down effect. Considering the engineering and geological characteristics, the integrated drilling speed-up technology with high-efficiency rock breaking and wellbore stability is formed. Compared with field drilling, the ROP is increased by 82.6%. This technology can improve the drilling efficiency and significantly reduce the drilling cost, which provides a reference for speeding up drilling in similar formations.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Houben, M., J. van Eeden, and S. Hangx. "Permeability of Intact and Fractured Whitby Mudstone." In 80th EAGE Conference and Exhibition 2018. Netherlands: EAGE Publications BV, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.201801262.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

Mondol, N. H., L. Grande, E. Aker, T. Berre, T. Ørbech, K. Duffaut, J. Jahren, and K. Bjørlykke. "Velocity Anisotropy of a Shallow Mudstone Core." In EAGE Shale Workshop 2010. Netherlands: EAGE Publications BV, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.20145372.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

Yan, Bin, HuiHong Huang, ShengJie Wang, and Jie Zhu. "Weathering detection of mudstone based on deep learning." In SPML 2021: 2021 4th International Conference on Signal Processing and Machine Learning. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3483207.3483214.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

Fedrizzi, Raquel, Marco Ceia, Roseane Misságia, Victor Santos, and Irineu Lima Neto. "Synthesis and petrophysical characterization of an artificial mudstone analogous." In 15th International Congress of the Brazilian Geophysical Society & EXPOGEF, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 31 July-3 August 2017. Brazilian Geophysical Society, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/sbgf2017-166.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

Hasanov, Azar, and Manika Prasad. "Effective stress law for permeability of a mudstone sample." In SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 2018. Society of Exploration Geophysicists, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/segam2018-2998593.1.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

Valenza, John J., Johnathan Moore, Sean Sanguinito, and Dustin Crandall. "Visualizing Fracture-Matrix Fluid Exchange in Unconventional Tight Mudstone." In Unconventional Resources Technology Conference. Tulsa, OK, USA: American Association of Petroleum Geologists, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.15530/urtec-2022-3723022.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

Huang, Dongmei, Zhenquan Zhang, Xiaofei Lin, and Huaxue Li. "Fractal characteristics of mudstone microscopic morphology in MATLAB environment." In Taishan Academic Forum - Project on Mine Disaster Prevention and Control. Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/mining-14.2014.25.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

Bai, Jianshi, Baosong Ma, Pei Zhou, and Zhixian Jia. "Analysis and Calculation of Jacking Force in the Mudstone Formation." In Pipelines 2013. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784413012.084.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Reports on the topic "Mudstone"

1

Valley, John. SIMS Analysis of d18O and d13C of Carbonate Cements in Shale & Mudstone. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1651127.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Percival, J. B., I. Bilot, T. McLoughlin-Coleman, S. E. Grasby, and M. J. Polivchuk. Mineralogy of mudstone, bocanne, and klinker deposits, Smoking Hills (Ingniryuat), Northwest Territories, Canada. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/328476.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Swanson, Rodney. A stratigraphic-geochemical study of the Troutdale Formation and Sandy River Mudstone in the Portland basin and lower Columbia River Gorge. Portland State University Library, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.5604.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

Midwinter, D., T. Hadlari, and K. Dewing. Upper Triassic to Lower Jurassic stratigraphy along the northeastern margin of the Sverdrup Basin, Axel Heiberg and Ellesmere islands, Nunavut: new data from measured sections. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/329398.

Full text

Abstract:

Two stratigraphic sections were measured through Late Triassic - Early Jurassic aged strata in the Blue Mountains map area (NTS 340-B/11) on Ellesmere Island and the Depot Point map area (NTS 049-G/7) on Axel Heiberg Island. These sections are subdivided in terms of established member and formation names based on previous mapping along the north-eastern margin of the Sverdrup Basin. The lowermost strata in the Heiberg Formation, the Romulus Member (510-575 m thick), is a coarsening-upward succession of mudstone to fine-grained sandstone from a prodelta to delta plain environment. The overlying Fosheim Member (317-425 m) is a coal-bearing and sandstone-rich interval from a mixed alluvial-marine environment, such as a delta plain. It is overlain by the Remus Member (100-112 m); a sandstone-rich unit representative of shallow marine deposits. The Heiberg Formation at Depot Point is of similar thickness (1009 m) to the Blue Mountains (1035 m) and may represent a marginally more distal basinal setting with a thinner Fosheim Member but a slightly thicker Romulus and Remus members.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

MacNaughton, R. B., and K. M. Fallas. Neoproterozoic-Cambrian stratigraphy of the Mackenzie Mountains, northwestern Canada, part IV: a stratigraphic reference section for the Ediacaran-Cambrian transition in NTS 95-M (Wrigley Lake map area). Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/329217.

Full text

Abstract:

A composite reference section for the upper Ediacaran and lower Cambrian is documented for a location near Moose Horn River in Wrigley Lake map area (NTS 95-M), Mackenzie Mountains, Northwest Territories. Four measured stratigraphic sections cover, in ascending order: the uppermost Sheepbed Formation; the informal Sheepbed carbonate; the lower, middle, and upper members of the Backbone Ranges Formation; the Sekwi Formation; and the lowermost beds of the Rockslide Formation. The uppermost Sheepbed Formation is dominated by dark-weathering shale and siltstone. The Sheepbed carbonate (440 m) lies conformably on the Sheepbed Formation and consists of limestone, dolostone, and dolomitic siltstone, including several horizons of rudstone with clasts up to boulder size. The upper surface of the Sheepbed carbonate has been eroded and the unit thins to a zero edge to the east. The lower member of the Backbone Ranges Formation (253 m) is heterolithic, including interbedded quartzose siltstone and quartzose sandstone, quartz arenite (locally with horizons of quartz pebbles), and dolostone to dolomitic sandstone. The middle member of the Backbone Ranges Formation (93 m) consists mainly of pink to grey-weathering limestone with red mudstone partings. The upper member (501.5 m) is dominated by quartz arenite, but also contains intervals of siltstone. Partway through the upper member there is a marker unit of dolostone to dolomitic sandstone that previous work suggests is a tongue of the Ediacaran Risky Formation. Based on regional correlations, the top of this marker may approximate the Ediacaran-Cambrian boundary in this section. The Sekwi Formation lies abruptly upon the Backbone Ranges Formation. The contact is unconformable at this locality and mapping in the area indicates eastward erosional removal of the upper member of the Backbone Ranges Formation beneath the Sekwi Formation. The Sekwi Formation here consists of variegated siltstone with lesser dolostone, limestone, and quartz sandstone. An abrupt contact with nodular limestone and grey shale of the overlying Rockslide Formation approximates the base of Cambrian Series 3.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

LePain, D. L., and Russell Kirkham. Rock-eval pyrolysis, vitrinite reflectance, and kerogen microscopy results from Miocene carbonaceous mudstones and coals in outcrop, McGrath Quadrangle, southwestern Alaska. Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys, April 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.14509/29406.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

Barite nodules in Devonian shale and mudstone of western Virginia. US Geological Survey, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.3133/b1880.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

Maps showing the ratio of sandstone to mudstone and the number of mudstone interbeds in the Westwater Canyon Member of the Morrison Formation, San Juan Basin, New Mexico. US Geological Survey, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.3133/i1957c.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

Uranium and diagenesis in evaporitic lacustrine mudstone of the Oligocene White River Group, Dawes County, Nebraska. US Geological Survey, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.3133/b1956.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

Paleogeography of the western Transverse Range province, California; new evidence from the late Oligocene and early Miocene Vaqueros Formation; Stratigraphy of the fine-grained facies of the Sisquoc Formation, Santa Maria Basin, California; paleoceanographic and tectonic implications; The Sisquoc Formation-Foxen Mudstone boundary in the Santa Maria Basin, California; sedimentary response to the new tectonic regime. US Geological Survey, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.3133/b1995tuv.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

We offer discounts on all premium plans for authors whose works are included in thematic literature selections. Contact us to get a unique promo code!