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Journal articles on the topic 'Mulanje'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 16 February 2022

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1

Bayliss, Julian, Steve Makungwa, Joy Hecht, David Nangoma, and Carl Bruessow. "Saving the Island in the Sky: the plight of the Mount Mulanje cedar Widdringtonia whytei in Malawi." Oryx 41, no. 1 (January 2007): 64–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030605307001548.

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The Endangered Mulanje cedar Widdringtonia whytei, endemic to the Mount Mulanje massif in Malawi, has undergone a drastic decline due to increased fire incidence and illegal logging. Valued for its fine timber, attractive fragrance, and pesticide-resistant sap, the tree has been regarded as highly desirable since its discovery in the late 19th century. Because of its steep slopes and isolated high altitude plateau, Mount Mulanje is also a refuge for a number of other endemic plant species. The first assessment of the Mulanje cedar since 1994 was commissioned by the Mulanje Mountain Conservation Trust to ascertain the species' current extent and status. This study identified an area of 845.3 ha of Mulanje cedar, which represents a loss of 616.7 ha over the previous 15 years. Of the recorded trees 32.27% (37,242 m3) were dead cedars. Therefore, under current Department of Forestry harvest licensing, there remains in theory sufficient dead cedar to last >30 years. At this stage it is imperative that cedar nurseries are established and saplings planted out across the mountain on an annual basis, small cedar clusters are protected to facilitate regeneration, and a strict monitoring programme is followed to prevent the cutting of live cedar.

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2

Smith, R. I., F. J. Harvey, and M. G. R. Cannell. "Pattern of Tea Shoot Growth." Experimental Agriculture 26, no. 2 (April 1990): 197–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0014479700018196.

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SUMMARYTea shoot development was measured by sequentially sampling shoots from seven clones growing at Nsuwadzi Research Station, Mulanje, Malawi. A Gompertz growth curve best described the increase in shoot length with time, an exponential curve described the relation between dry weight and shoot length, and a quadratic curve related dry weight to fresh weight. The parameters of these curves differed among clones and provide a basis for exploring genetic influences on tea yield. The most rapid elongation of shoots of all clones occurred about 42 days after plucking, considered the optimum age for harvest at Mulanje. Clones selected at Mulanje produced longer shoots with greater dry weight but slightly lower dry matter content per unit stem length than clones selected at Kericho, Kenya. The dry:fresh weight ratio of 0.22 used at Mulanje to calculate dry matter yields was too high for most clones.

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3

Edwards, Ian. "Conservation of plants on Mulanje Mountain Malawi." Oryx 19, no. 2 (April 1985): 86–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030605300019785.

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Mulanje massif in Malawi rises steeply from the surrounding plain, a landmark for miles around. An endemic cycad grows on its slopes and the plateau grassland is rich in endemic plants, including everlasting flowers and a heath. The mountain is also the stronghold of the Mulanje cedar, which Malawi has just declared as its national tree. The author, who prepared a report for the Malawi Government on cedar resources on Mulanje, found that the Forestry Department's fire control programme is effective, and that attention now needs to be given to the threat from alien plant invasion.

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4

Darbyshire, Iain, Roger M. Polhill, Zacharia Magombo, and Jonathan R. Timberlake. "Two new species from the mountains of southern Malawi and northern Mozambique." Kew Bulletin 76, no. 1 (March 2021): 63–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12225-021-09926-7.

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SummaryTwo new species are described from the proposed Mulanje-Namuli-Ribáuè Centre of Endemism. Isoglossa perdita I.Darbysh. (Acanthaceae) is apparently restricted to the submontane forests of southeastern Mt Mulanje in Malawi, and is assessed as Critically Endangered. Agelanthus patelii Polhill & Timberlake (Loranthaceae) is recorded from the montane forests of Mt Mulanje and from Mt Namuli in Mozambique, and the earlier assessment of this species as Endangered is confirmed. The habitat preferences and taxonomic affinities of these species are discussed. This work contributes to the ongoing assessment of the biodiversity and endemism of this montane region, and to the identification of Important Plant Areas in Mozambique.

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5

Phillips, J. A. "Ruptured Uterus in Mulanje CCAP Hospital, 1974–1982." Tropical Doctor 20, no. 4 (October 1990): 175–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/004947559002000414.

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6

MZUMARA, TIWONGE I., PHILIP A. R. HOCKEY, and AMANDA R. RIDLEY. "Re-assessment of the conservation status of Malawi’s ‘Endangered’ Yellow-throated Apalis Apalis flavigularis." Bird Conservation International 22, no. 2 (December 5, 2011): 184–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959270911000335.

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SummaryThe forest-associated Yellow-throated Apalis Apalis flavigularis is the only bird endemic to Malawi. The species is confined to three mountain massifs in the south of the country and is classified as globally ‘Endangered’. This study re-evaluates its conservation status by assessing its population size and habitat preferences on Mount Mulanje, where forest patches are threatened by illegal logging and an increasing frequency of uncontrolled fires. These fires also cause a proliferation of invasive plant species, especially the Himalayan yellow raspberry Rubus ellipticus. We surveyed the Yellow-throated Apalis in 41 forest patches during the breeding season. The apalises favoured forest edge habitat, occurring in forest patches as small as 0.01 ha. Their occurrence was positively correlated with the presence of R. ellipticus, although this relationship may be driven primarily by canopy architecture and the existence of an understorey shrub layer. At a conservative estimate, 7,900 Yellow-throated Apalises were calculated to be present in cedar forest habitat alone on Mount Mulanje. Given that the birds occurred in other native forests at the same altitude at densities of 8.6–10.9 birds ha-1, the true population size on Mount Mulanje alone is likely to approach or even exceed IUCN’s most optimistic estimate of the global population (10,000).

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7

Thiede, Joachim, Pastor Theo Peter Campbell-Barker, Russ Clare, Philip E. Downs, and Bruce J. Hargreaves. "Aloe arborescens(Asphodelaceae): Arborescent forms on Mount Mulanje (Malawi)." Bradleya 33, no. 33 (October 20, 2015): 136–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.25223/brad.n33.2015.a19.

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8

Kurzweil, H. "An analysis of the orchid flora of Mt Mulanje, Malawi." Bothalia 22, no. 2 (October 14, 1992): 235–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/abc.v22i2.848.

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The composition of the orchid flora of Mt Mulanje, Malawi, is analysed. The altitudinal distribution of the orchids, the distribution of the terrestrial and epiphytic species and the extralimital distribution of the species is assessed for both genera and subfamilies (after the systematic concept of Dressier 1981). The altitudinal distribution of species endemic to Malawi is also assessed. The terrestrial species show a significant increase with altitude whereas the epiphytic species are more dominant al the lower levels. A similar increase is also found in the species endemic to Malawi. An analysis of the distributions shared with other African countries reveals that most species also occur in Zambia, Zimbabwe and East Africa, whereas significantly fewer species are shared with Angola, southern Africa, Mocambique, Zaire and West Africa. Most species shared with tropical African countries are found on the lower slopes of Mt Mulanje.

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9

O’Shea, B. J., M. J. Wigginton, M. A. Bruggeman-Nannenga, N. G. Hodgetts, and R. D. Porley. "British Bryological Society Expedition to Mulanje Mountain, Malawi. 13. New and other unpublished records." Bryophyte Diversity and Evolution 20, no. 1 (December 31, 2001): 1–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/bde.20.1.3.

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Further results are provided of the 1991 British Bryological Society Expedition to Mulanje Mt., Malawi including 168 taxa of bryophyte, comprising 72 taxa of liverwort (38 new to Malawi) and 96 taxa of mosses (45 new to Malawi).

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10

Pócs, Tamás. "British bryological society expedition to Mulanje Mountain, Malawi. 19. Metzgeriaceae and other unpublished records." Bryophyte Diversity and Evolution 29, no. 1 (August 6, 2008): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/bde.29.1.1.

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Localities and habitats are provided of 6 Metzgeria species collected on Mulanje Mountain. Additional records of some other hepatic species are included; four of them, Riccardia amazonica, Riccardia longispica, Drepanolejeunea ternatensis and Drepanolejeunea vandenbeghenii, are new to Malawi.

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11

Wigginton, M. J. "British Bryological Society expedition to Mulanje Mountain, Malawi. 15. Lejeuneaceae, and the occurrence and frequency of foliicolous taxa." Bryophyte Diversity and Evolution 20, no. 1 (December 31, 2001): 83–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/bde.20.1.15.

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Details of habitat and location are given for 64 taxa of Lejeuneaceae collected during the BBS expedition to Mulanje Mountain, Malawi in 1991, of which 47 are new to Malawi. The occurrence and frequency of foliicolous taxa are documented.

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12

White, F., and C. M. Pannell. "A New Species of Vepris (Rutaceae) from Mt Mulanje, Malawi." Bulletin du Jardin botanique national de Belgique / Bulletin van de National Plantentuin van België 65, no. 3/4 (November 30, 1996): 419. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3668464.

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13

Green, C. L., A. B. Wood, and J. M. Robinson. "A re-examination of mulanje cedarwood oil (Widdringtonia whytei Rendle)." Flavour and Fragrance Journal 3, no. 3 (September 1988): 105–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ffj.2730030303.

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14

Bayliss, Julian, Camilla Burrow, Sara Martell, and Hermann Staude. "An ecological study of the relationship between two living fossils in Malawi: the Mulanje Tiger Moth (Callioratis grandis) and the Mulanje Cycad (Encephalartos gratus)." African Journal of Ecology 48, no. 2 (September 30, 2009): 472–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2028.2009.01135.x.

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15

Hodgetts, N. G. "British Bryological Society Expedition to Mulanje Mountain, Malawi 3. Erpodiaceae (Musci)." Journal of Bryology 19, no. 1 (January 1996): 113–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/jbr.1996.19.1.113.

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16

Enroth, J., and N. G. Hodgetts. "British Bryological Society Expedition to Mulanje Mountain, Malawi 5. Neckeraceae (Musci)." Journal of Bryology 19, no. 1 (January 1996): 135–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/jbr.1996.19.1.135.

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17

Kruijer, J. D. "British Bryological Society Expedition to Mulanje Mountain, Malawi 6. Hypopterygiaceae (Musci)." Journal of Bryology 19, no. 3 (January 1997): 515–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/jbr.1997.19.3.515.

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18

Porley, R. D. "British Bryological Society Expedition to Mulanje Mountain, Malawi. 8. Lejeuneaceae:Colura(Hepaticae)." Journal of Bryology 19, no. 4 (January 1997): 799–803. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/jbr.1997.19.4.799.

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19

Hodgetts, N. G., and T. Póes Eszterházy. "British Bryological Society Expedition to Mulanje Mountain, Malawi. 10. Lepidoziaceae (Hepaticae)." Journal of Bryology 21, no. 4 (January 1999): 316–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/jbr.1999.21.4.316.

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20

Platt, R. G., F. Wall, C. T. Williams, and A. R. Woolley. "Zirconolite, chevkinite and other rare earth minerals from nepheline syenites and peralkaline granites and syenites of the Chilwa Alkaline Province, Malawi." Mineralogical Magazine 51, no. 360 (June 1987): 253–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/minmag.1987.051.360.07.

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AbstractFive rare earth-bearing minerals found in rocks of the Chilwa Alkaline Province, Malawi, are described. Zirconolite, occurring in nepheline syenite, is unusual in being optically zoned, and microprobe analyses indicate a correlation of this zoning with variations in Si, Ca, Sr, Th, U, Fe, Nb and probably water; it is argued that this zoning is a hydration effect. A second compositional zoning pattern, neither detectable optically nor affected by the hydration, is indicated by variations in Th, Ce and Y such that, although total REE abundances are similar throughout, there appears to have been REE fractionation during zirconolite growth from relatively heavy-REE and Th-enrichment in crystal cores to light-REE enrichment in crystal rims.Chevkinite is an abundant mineral in the large granite quartz syenite complexes of Zomba and Mulanje, and analyses are given of chevkinites from these localities. There is little variation in composition within each complex, and only slight differences between them; they are all typically light-REE-enriched. The Mulanje material was shown by X-ray diffraction to be chevkinite and not the dimorph perrierite, but chemical arguments are used in considering the Zomba material to be the same species. Other rare earth minerals identified are monazite, fluocerite and bastnäsite. These are briefly described and microprobe analyses presented.

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21

Curran, Michael, Mirjam Kopp, Jan Beck, and Jakob Fahr. "Species diversity of bats along an altitudinal gradient on Mount Mulanje, southern Malawi." Journal of Tropical Ecology 28, no. 3 (April 12, 2012): 243–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467412000193.

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Abstract:A climate model, based on effects of water availability and temperature, was recently proposed to explain global variation in bat species richness along altitudinal gradients. Yet such studies are sparse in the tropics and near-absent in Africa. Here we present results from an altitudinal study of bat diversity from Mount Mulanje, Malawi. Using ground nets, canopy nets and harp traps, we sampled eight sites across three habitat zones from 630 m to 2010 m asl. We assessed the influence of climatic, geographic and biotic variables on measures of estimated species richness, Fisher's α, and an unbiased index of compositional turnover. We recorded 723 individuals and 30 species along the gradient, revealing a ‘low plateau’ pattern in estimated species richness, peaking at 1220 m, which is congruent with the global climate model. Measures of local habitat structure significantly explained a large degree of variation in species richness and compositional turnover between sites. Fisher's α was further significantly correlated to mean annual relative humidity, suggesting a background climatic influence.

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22

O'Shea, Brian J., and Benito C. Tan. "British Bryological Society Expedition to Mulanje Mountain, Malawi. 17 Sematophyllaceae (Bryopsida): Part 1." Journal of Bryology 28, no. 4 (December 2006): 360–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/174328206x152315.

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23

Longton, R. E. "British Bryological Society Expedition to Mulanje Mountain, Malawi 1. Background, itinerary and procedures." Journal of Bryology 17, no. 4 (January 1993): 633–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/jbr.1993.17.4.633.

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24

O'Shea, Brian J. "British Bryological Society Expedition to Mulanje Mountain, Malawi 2. Checklist of Malawi bryophytes." Journal of Bryology 17, no. 4 (January 1993): 645–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/jbr.1993.17.4.645.

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25

Hodgetts, N. G. "British Bryological Society Expedition to Mulanje Mountain, Malawi 7. Adelanthaceae, Porellaceae, Schistochilaceae (Hepaticae)." Journal of Bryology 19, no. 3 (January 1997): 521–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/jbr.1997.19.3.521.

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26

Chanyenga, Tembo F., Coert J. Geldenhuys, and Gudeta W. Sileshi. "Effect of population size, tree diameter and crown position on viable seed output per cone of the tropical conifer Widdringtonia whytei in Malawi." Journal of Tropical Ecology 27, no. 5 (August 2, 2011): 515–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467411000204.

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Abstract:The tropical montane conifer tree Widdringtonia whytei is found in small fragments on Mulanje Mountain in Malawi. A study was conducted with the objectives of determining the effect of population size, tree stem diameter and crown position on the proportion of viable seeds per cone produced by W. whytei at three sites (Sombani, Chambe and Lichenya) on Mulanje Mountain. Three population sizes, namely small (fragments with ≤10 cone-bearing trees), medium (fragments with 11–20 cone-bearing trees) and large (fragments with >20 cone-bearing trees) and isolated trees were sampled at each study site. In each fragment, four cone-bearing trees were randomly located, 20 mature cones were collected from each tree and the viability of seeds was tested. Only 23% of the seeds per cone were viable but seed viability per cone was highly variable among fragments. Large fragment populations produced the highest proportion of viable seeds per cone (30%), followed by similar proportions in small fragments (28.3%) and isolated trees (26.1%), with the lowest proportions in medium-sized fragments (18.7%), indicating a non-linear relationship between viable seed output per cone and population size. Tree stem diameter and crown position had no effect on the proportion of viable seeds per cone. Further studies are needed to identify the factors that lead to the low viable seed output per cone, and how this influences whole-tree seed production in W. whytei.

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27

Chanyenga, T. F., C. J. Geldenhuys, and J. Harvey. "Variation in seed rain fromWiddringtonia whyteigrowing in different conditions on Mulanje Mountain in Malawi." Southern Forests: a Journal of Forest Science 73, no. 3-4 (December 2011): 123–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2989/20702620.2011.639484.

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28

Allingham, Shaun M. "The Effects of Habitat Alteration on Anuran Diversity and Assemblages on Mount Mulanje, Malawi." African Journal of Wildlife Research 50, no. 1 (February 19, 2020): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3957/056.050.0020.

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29

Platt, R. Garth, and Alan R. Woolley. "The mafic mineralogy of the peralkaline syenites and granites of the Mulanje complex, Malawi." Mineralogical Magazine 50, no. 355 (March 1986): 85–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/minmag.1986.050.355.12.

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AbstractStudies of the mafic mineralogy of the Mulanje granite-quartz-syenite-syenite Massif of southern Malawi delineate two mineralogically distinct complexes—the Main complex and the Chambe complex. Each complex is associated with its own trend of pyroxene evolution. The Main complex pyroxenes exhibit initial enrichment in hedenbergite before subsequent enrichment in acmite (i.e. sodic-salite-sodic-hedenbergite-aegirine-hedenbergite-aegirine), whereas the Chambe pyroxenes display constantly increasing acmite content with no significant enrichment in hedenbergite (i.e. sodic-salite-aegirine-augite-aegirine). This phenomenon is also reflected in the more Mg-rich amphiboles and biotites of the Chambe rocks when compared to those of the Main complex.The general evolutionary trend of the Main complex amphiboles is katophorite → ferroricherite → arfvedsonite which broadly correlates with a change in rock type from syenite to granite. Superimposed on this trend is an essentially similar, yet less extensive trend of the more Mg-rich Chambe amphiboles. The micas of both complexes show a general evolution to more iron-rich compositions with relatively constant Al content. Those of the Main complex, however, display extreme iron enrichment with ultimate formation of essentially pure ferrous annite.Aenigmatite, astrophyllite, fayalite, chevkinite, yttrofluorite, and unidentified RE minerals are characteristic of the Main complex rocks but totally absent from those of the Chambe complex. Ilmenite constitutes the only iron oxide phase in the Main complex rocks whereas titaniferous magnetite (now unmixed) and ilmenite are both present in the rocks of Chambe.The differences between the two complexes are explained in terms of oxygen fugacity, silica activity, crystallization interval, and the relative rates of development of peralkalinity. In essence, the Chambe magmas are considered to have crystallized under high fO2 conditions with an earlier development of peralkaline tendencies when compared to those of the Main complex magmas. Moreover, a lower initial silica activity, a smaller alkali to alumina ratio, and a correspondingly smaller crystallization interval could account for the lack of highly evolved granitic magmas in the Chambe complex, whereas such magmas are integral in the evolution of the Main complex.

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30

Kapesa, Leticia Chimwemwe Suwedi. "Assessment of the quality of care in Maternity Waiting Homes (MWHs) in Mulanje District, Malawi." Malawi Medical Journal 30, no. 2 (June 30, 2018): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/mmj.v30i2.10.

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31

Frahm, Jan-Peter, and Brian J. O'Shea. "British Bryological Society Expedition to Mulanje Mountain, Malawi 4. Dicranaceae: Campylopodioideae(Atractylocarpus, Bryohumbertia, Campylopus, Microcampylopus)." Journal of Bryology 19, no. 1 (January 1996): 119–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/jbr.1996.19.1.119.

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32

O'Shea, B. J. "British Bryological Society Expedition to Mulanje Mountain, Malawi. 9. Regmatodontaceae, Rhachitheciaceae, Rhacocarpaceae and Rhizogoniaceae (Bryopsida)." Journal of Bryology 19, no. 4 (January 1997): 805–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/jbr.1997.19.4.805.

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33

TILBURY, COLIN R., KRYSTAL A. TOLLEY, and WILLIAM R. BRANCH. "A review of the systematics of the genus Bradypodion (Sauria: Chamaeleonidae), with the description of two new genera." Zootaxa 1363, no. 1 (November 23, 2006): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1363.1.2.

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The taxonomic history and composition of the genus Bradypodion as construed by Klaver & Böhme (1986) and new morphological and molecular data relevant to the taxonomy of the group is reviewed. The combined evidence strongly supports a formal rearrangement of the group into three distinct genera. Bradypodion, type species Chamaeleo pumilus Daudin 1802, is retained for the southern African species. Two new genera are erected to accommodate additional well-diagnosed clades within central and east African species previously referred to Bradypodion. Species of the “fischeri complex” are assigned to Kinyongia gen. nova, whilst the endemic Mulanje chameleon is placed in the monotypic genus Nadzikambia gen. nova.

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Kananji, Bakali. "Determination of the origin of Widdringtonianodiflora on Zomba Mountain in Malawi by the aid of allozymes." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 20, no. 11 (November 1, 1990): 1814–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x90-243.

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Five enzymes (α-esterase, β-esterase, glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase, malate dehydrogenase, and 6-phosphogluconic dehydrogenase) were scored in diploid tissue for 14 loci to determine the probable origin of the seed used to establish the plantation of Widdringtonianodiflora (L.) Powrie on Zomba Mountain, Malawi. Samples were drawn from the Zomba plantation and from Chambe and Thuchila natural forests on Mulanje Mountain. There were departures from Hardy–Weinberg expectations at most loci, which is a result of a deficiency in heterozygotes. Both the unweighted pair group method and single linkage clustering using genetic distances showed that the Zomba Mountain plantation seed source is more closely related to the Chambe population than to the Thuchila population.

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35

Thiede, Joachim, Pastor Theo Peter Campbell-Barker, Philip E. Downs, and Bruce J. Hargreaves. "A review ofEuphorbia mlanjeanaL.C.Leach (Euphorbiaceae): its habitats on Mount Mulanje (Malawi) and new localities in Mozambique." Bradleya 34, no. 34 (November 2016): 77–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.25223/brad.n34.2016.a23.

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36

Kalanda-Joshua, Miriam, Cosmo Ngongondo, Lucy Chipeta, and F. Mpembeka. "Integrating indigenous knowledge with conventional science: Enhancing localised climate and weather forecasts in Nessa, Mulanje, Malawi." Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Parts A/B/C 36, no. 14-15 (2011): 996–1003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pce.2011.08.001.

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37

Wigginton, M. J., and R. D. Porley. "British Bryological Society Expedition to Mulanje Mountain, Malawi. 14. Allisoniaceae, Arnelliaceae, Aytoniaceae, Geocalycaceae, Gymnomitriaceae, Pallaviciniaceae (Hepaticae)." Journal of Bryology 23, no. 2 (April 2001): 133–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/jbr.2001.23.2.133.

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38

Wigginton, M. J., N. G. Hodgetts, and R. E. Longton. "British Bryological Society expedition to Mulanje Mountain, Malawi. 16. New and other unpublished bryophyte records, 2." Journal of Bryology 42, no. 2 (April 2, 2020): 179–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03736687.2020.1753331.

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39

CONRADIE, WERNER, DENIS TWEDDLE, TUULI MÄKINEN, and ROGER BILLS. "Description of the tadpole of Hylarana darlingi Boulenger 1902 (Anura: Ranidae) from the Mulanje Area, Malawi." Zootaxa 3441, no. 1 (August 28, 2012): 56. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3441.1.5.

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The generic placement of the African Hylarana is still under debate (Frost 2011). We follow the latest taxonomy (Frost 2011) and refer to the genus as Hylarana. Of the eleven African species, only H. darlingi and H. galamensis have been recorded from Malawi (Mercurio 2011). We report the second confirmed record of H. darlingi in Malawi. Tadpoles of African Hylarana species are poorly known: descriptions are available for H. lemairei (Schmidt & Inger 1959; Channing 2001), H. albolabris (Channing & Howell 2006) and H. galamensis (Rödel 2000; Channing & Howell 2006; Du Preez & Carruthers 2009).

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40

O’Shea, B. J. "Erratum British Bryological Society Expedition to Mulanje Mountain, Malawi. 13. New and other unpublished records." Bryophyte Diversity and Evolution 22, no. 1 (December 21, 2002): 179. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/bde.22.1.12.

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In a paper in volume 20 (O’Shea et al. 2001), because of a problem with fonts, part of the account for 3 species of Fissidens contained text that was transliterated into letters of the Greek alphabet.

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41

Chapola, Gabriel B. J. "Wood Properties of Wide and Narrow-crowned Variants ofWiddringtonia nodifloraPowrie (Mulanje Cedar) Growing at Zomba Mountain, Malawi." South African Forestry Journal 154, no. 1 (September 1990): 47–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00382167.1990.9629051.

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42

O'shea, Brian J. "British Bryological Society Expedition to Mulanje Mountain, Malawi. 11. Pterigynandraceae M.Fleisch. and Rigodiaceae H.A.Crum (Bryopsida) in Africa." Journal of Bryology 21, no. 4 (January 1999): 309–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/jbr.1999.21.4.309.

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43

Watling, Malcolm C., and Brian J. O'Shea. "British Bryological Society Expedition to Mulanje Mountain, Malawi. 12. A revision of the genusRhacopilopsisRenauld & Cardot (Hypnaceae, Bryopsida)." Journal of Bryology 22, no. 3 (January 2000): 207–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/jbr.2000.22.3.207.

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44

Dowsett-Lemaire, F. "The Forest Vegetation of Mt Mulanje (Malawi): A Floristic and Chorological Study along an Altitudinal Gradient (650-1950 m)." Bulletin du Jardin botanique national de Belgique / Bulletin van de National Plantentuin van België 58, no. 1/2 (June 30, 1988): 77. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3668402.

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45

Pritchard, M., T. Mkandawire, and J. G. O’Neill. "Biological, chemical and physical drinking water quality from shallow wells in Malawi: Case study of Blantyre, Chiradzulu and Mulanje." Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Parts A/B/C 32, no. 15-18 (January 2007): 1167–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pce.2007.07.013.

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46

Wigginton, M. J., R. D. Porley, and N. G. Hodgetts. "British Bryological Society expedition to Mulanje Mountain, Malawi. 18.Cololejeunea lichenyae, a new species of Lejeuneaceae (Jungermanniopsida) from Malawi." Journal of Bryology 29, no. 1 (March 2007): 7–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/174328207x160586.

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47

Ellis, Rex, and H. E. Nyirenda. "A Successful Plant Improvement Programme on Tea (Camellia Sinensis)." Experimental Agriculture 31, no. 3 (July 1995): 307–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0014479700025485.

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SummaryThe tea industry in Malawi is the oldest in Africa but in the past had always produced poor quality tea. A plant improvement programme was therefore started in 1956 at the Tea Research Stations in Mulanje. The improvement in made tea quality was assisted by an investigation into the biochemistry of tea fermentation. Early success was obtained with polyclonal seed varieties and the development of clones from field bushes. These were used in cross breeding to produce new progeny clones which are showing a steady improvement in quality and yield. The need for improved yield was recognised as the programme progressed and appropriate selection procedures adopted. Techniques for improved vegetative propagation for field planting, grafting ofseed bearer trees and composite plants were developed. Liaison with the tea industry has been good and all new plantings in southern Africa since about 1975 have been with improved material. The programme is continuing and future prospects are good.

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48

Gumma, Murali Krishna, Takuji W. Tsusaka, Irshad Mohammed, Geoffrey Chavula, N. V. P. R. Ganga Rao, Patrick Okori, Christopher O. Ojiewo, Rajeev Varshney, Moses Siambi, and Anthony Whitbread. "Monitoring Changes in the Cultivation of Pigeonpea and Groundnut in Malawi Using Time Series Satellite Imagery for Sustainable Food Systems." Remote Sensing 11, no. 12 (June 21, 2019): 1475. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs11121475.

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Malawi, in south-eastern Africa, is one of the poorest countries in the world. Food security in the country hinges on rainfed systems in which maize and sorghum are staple cereals and groundnut and pigeonpea are now major grain legume crops. While the country has experienced a considerable reduction in forest lands, population growth and demand for food production have seen an increase in the area dedicated to agricultural crops. From 2010, pigeonpea developed into a major export crop, and is commonly intercropped with cereals or grown in double-up legume systems. Information on the spatial extent of these crops is useful for estimating food supply, understanding export potential, and planning policy changes as examples of various applications. Remote sensing analysis offers a number of efficient approaches to deliver spatial, reproducible data on land use and land cover (LULC) and changes therein. Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) products (fortnightly and monthly) and derived phenological parameters assist in mapping cropland areas during the agricultural season, with explicit focus on redistributed farmland. Owing to its low revisit time and the availability of long-term period data, MODIS offers several advantages, e.g., the possibility of obtaining cloud-free Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) profile and an analysis using one methodology applied to one sensor at regular acquisition dates, avoiding incomparable results. To assess the expansion of areas used in the production of pigeonpea and groundnut resulting from the release of new varieties, the spatial distribution of cropland areas was mapped using MODIS NDVI 16-day time-series products (MOD13Q1) at a spatial resolution of 250 m for the years 2010–2011 and 2016–2017. The resultant cropland extent map was validated using intensive ground survey data. Pigeonpea is mostly grown in the southern dry districts of Mulanje, Phalombe, Chiradzulu, Blantyre and Mwanza and parts of Balaka and Chikwawa as a groundnut-pigeonpea intercrop, and sorghum-pigeonpea intercrop in Mzimba district. By 2016, groundnut extent had increased in Mwanza, Mulanje, and Phalombe and fallen in Mzimba. The result indicates that the area planted with pigeonpea had increased by 29% (75,000 ha) from 2010–2011 to 2016–2017. Pigeonpea expansion in recent years has resulted from major export opportunities to Asian countries like India, and its consumption by Asian expatriates all over the world. This study provides useful information for policy changes and the prioritization of resources allocated to sustainable food production and to support smallholder farmers.

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Webb, Silas. "A retrospective notes-based review of patients lost to follow-up from anti-retroviral therapy at Mulanje Mission Hospital, Malawi." Malawi Medical Journal 30, no. 2 (June 30, 2018): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/mmj.v30i2.4.

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50

Nyirenda, Cecilia Maliwichi, and Lucy Lynn Maliwichi. "Role of Traditional Birth Attendants in Maternal Health: Trends of Antenatal Consultations in Traditional Authority Nkanda, Mulanje District (Southern Malawi)." Studies on Ethno-Medicine 10, no. 2 (April 2016): 255–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09735070.2016.11905495.

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