Academic literature on the topic 'Mulching material'
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Journal articles on the topic "Mulching material"
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Jayaweera, W. M. C. S., S. R. Amarasinghe, and A. L. Ranawake. "Effect of Paddy Straw, Paddy Husk, and Cinnamon Residue as mulching in Turmeric (<em>Curcuma longa</em> L.) Cultivation in Low Country Wet Zone in Ultisols." AGRIEAST: Journal of Agricultural Sciences 18, no. 2 (2024): 30–42. https://doi.org/10.4038/agrieast.v18i2.135.
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An experiment was conducted to determine the most effective mulching material for maximizing turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) yield. The study was carried out in the low country wet zone of Sri Lanka, specifically in Ultisols, during 2021 and 2022, using locally available mulching materials, including paddy straw, paddy husk, and cinnamon residue. A control group was included, where turmeric was grown without any mulching material. The experimental setup followed a Randomized Complete Block Design, with three plots, each comprising thirty plants arranged in the rows of the plot at a spacing of 30X30 cm between plants. Plants at the edges of the beds were excluded from data collection. While there was no significant difference in per plant yield between turmeric plants grown with paddy husk and paddy straw mulching (1251 g and 1227 g), all three mulching materials resulted in significantly higher yields compared to the control group. Results revealed that turmeric plants grown with cinnamon mulching exhibited the highest yield (1523 g), suggesting cinnamon is also an effective mulching material for turmeric cultivation in Ultisols, the same as other mulching materials. Additionally, turmeric plants grown with cinnamon mulching showed significantly higher tuber dimensions, such as the number of mother rhizomes (5.97), primary fingers (31.10), and secondary fingers (134.1) compared to the control, further highlighting its effectiveness. However, mulching had no significant effect on the number of leaves, leaf blade length, and leaf petiole length in both control and treatment groups, suggesting other factors may play a more dominant role in determining these parameters. Cinnamon residue can also be an effective mulching material for achieving better turmeric yields in Ultisols.
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Benson, G. A. S. and Oso, Y. O. "Effect of Planting and Mulching Materials on Growth and Yield of White Yam (Dioscorea rotundata) in Ikorodu, Lagos State, Nigeria." Journal of Experimental Agriculture International 46, no. 4 (2024): 110–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/jeai/2024/v46i42346.
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The effect of planting and mulching materials on growth and yield of white yam was evaluated in Ikorodu. White yam head, bottom and seed yam were used as planting materials while cooking banana pseudostem, banana leaves and guinea grass (Panicum maximum) were used as mulching materials and control plot was left unmulched.. Planting and mulching materials had significant effect on days to sprouting, vine length and yield of white yam. Seed yam performed relatively better than head and bottom setts in growth and yield. Grass mulch significantly (P < 0.05) gave higher rate of emergence and had tuber yield greater than the banana pseudostem, leave mulch and the unmulched plots. Irrespective of mulching materials, it was found that mulching significantly (P< 0.05) increased tuber yield than the unmulched yam. Interaction between planting and mulching materials also had a significant effect on days to sprouting, vine length and yield of yam. The control (unmulched) plots performed least amongst the treatments. It could be suggested that banana pseudostem and leaves be chopped, fermented, dried and milled to serve better as mulching material and to improve the physical quality of the soil. It is therefore suggested that more work be conducted on the use of banana pseudostem as mulching material to determine the nutrient composition of the material and the appropriate level for its use.
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Kumar, Pradeep, and V. P. Usadadiya. "Mulching: An Efficient Technology for Sustainable Agriculture Production." International Journal of Plant & Soil Science 35, no. 20 (2023): 887–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ijpss/2023/v35i203880.
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The application of mulching practices reduces soil evaporation, conserves soil moisture, suppresses weed growth, controls soil structure and temperature, influences soil micro-organisms, and is aesthetically pleasing. This study has reviewed, which described the effects of various mulching materials and methods on soil and environment that influence crop productivity. This paper describes the extent of influence of different mulching materials and methods on the hydrothermal environment of soils. It is imperative to know the processes that control soil environments under various mulching conditions and the effects of mulching materials on crop yield, productivity and water use efficiency. Plastic mulching materials also have a greater importance to control soil environment and increase crop yield. Organic mulching materials are inexpensive and environment friendly. The selection of an appropriate mulching material is, however, guided by crop type, crop management practices and climatic conditions. Future research is needed on the effects of low-cost biodegradable mulching materials on microclimate modifications, soil biota, soil fertility, crop growth and crop yields.
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Masnar, Adley L. "Evaluation of Two Sakurab (Allium Chinense G. Don) Varieties under Various Mulching Materials." American Journal of Agricultural Science, Engineering, and Technology 8, no. 3 (2024): 39–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.54536/ajaset.v8i3.3671.
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This study focuses on the evaluation of two varieties of Sakurab (Allium chinense G. Don) under various mulching materials. Sakurab, also known as Chinese onion, holds cultural significance for the Meranao tribe in the Philippines and is traditionally processed into "palapa," a key ingredient in their recipes. Despite its cultural importance, there is a lack of scientific understanding of Sakurab's growth and development, especially regarding the influence of mulching. The research is conducted in Saguiaran, Lanao del Sur, Philippines, and employs a randomized complete block design with two varieties (Rikit and Urder) and four mulching materials (No Mulch, Corn Stalk, Rice Straw, Plastic Mulch). The study aims to assess the growth and development of Sakurab varieties and determine the effects of different mulching materials on crop growth and yield. Results indicate significant differences in plant height between varieties, with Urder being taller. Mulching materials, especially corn stalk, significantly impact plant height, emphasizing the importance of mulching in crop management. The number of leaves per hill is influenced by both variety and mulching material, with Rikit displaying greater leaf counts. Crop stand at harvest is significantly affected by variety, mulching material, and their interactions, with corn stalk mulch contributing to higher stand counts. Vegetative yield per hectare is influenced by the interaction of variety and mulching material, with corn stalk mulch enhancing yields. Similarly, vegetative yield per hill is significantly affected by variety and mulching material, emphasizing the importance of these factors in determining crop productivity. Bulb yield per hill varies significantly between varieties and is positively influenced by corn stalk mulch. The number of bulbs per hill is significantly higher in Rikit, indicating a faster rate of bulb division. The length of bulbs is significantly longer in Urder, with corn stalk mulch contributing to increased bulb length. Moreover, understanding the morphological growth and development of Sakurab varieties and the influence of mulching materials is crucial for optimizing crop production. The study provides valuable insights into the cultural and agricultural significance of Sakurab, offering a foundation for further research and development in the Sakurab industry.
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Chen, Zhaofang, Liting Wen, Liancong Yang, et al. "Effects of Chelated Iron on Roots under Different Mulching Materials on Fruit Quality of Huangguogan." E3S Web of Conferences 206 (2020): 02016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202020602016.
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In this experiment, Huangguogan in Shimian County was selected as the experimental material, and the effects of different treatments on the fruit quality of Huangguogan were studied by mulching treatments with black film, straw, horticultural cloth and river sand. The results of this study showed that the application of chelated iron to the roots under different mulching materials could significantly improve the fruit quality, and the application of chelated iron to the roots under different mulching materials had different effects on fruit quality. The river sand mulching treatment had the highest single fruit weight, vertical and horizontal diameters, while CK had the lowest one. The four mulching treatments all increased the contents of total soluble solids, soluble sugar and sucrose. The river sand mulching treatment had the highest contents, which were 13.96%, 13.09 and 6.93 g.100 mL-1, respectively. There were significant differences in the titratable acid, vitamins C and sugar-acid ratio between the different mulching treatments, and the river sand mulching treatment had the highest effect. In general, the river sand mulching treatment had the best effect on promoting fruit quality, and plastic film mulching treatment had the worst effect.
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Kolomeichenko, Aleksandr, Ivan Gribov, Rudolf Soloviev, et al. "Design evaluation and material selection of a mulch milling cutter working bodies." E3S Web of Conferences 402 (2023): 11007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202340211007.
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Working bodies of agricultural machinery and equipment are operated in harsh conditions. Mulching cutters shred various types of vegetation, including stumps, trees, bushes, their roots and mix wood residues with soil, which acts as an abrasive. Therefore, great attention is paid to the scientifically based selection of materials for the manufacture of the working parts of the mulching cutter. This study presents a systematic analysis of the operating conditions and design features of the working parts of the mulching cutter. The results of chemical and metallographic analysis, and hardness measurements of materials used for parts that make up the mulching cutter’s working body, as well as for obtaining permanent connections between structural elements, are given. Practical recommendations for material selection that meet the required operational characteristics of the working parts in the operating conditions have been formulated.
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Bezukh, E. P., and A. V. Zykov. "The use of mulching material in the cultivation of apple and pear in a small plastic greenhouses." Agrarian science, no. 7-8 (September 24, 2021): 109–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.32634/0869-8155-2021-351-7-8-109-114.
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This article presents the results of studies that were conducted in a small-sized film greenhouse for growing аpple and pear seedlings according to different planting schemes with mulching between rows with black span bond and matting. It was found that mulching between rows creates more favorable conditions for growing plants. The temperature regime of the soil improves, especially at the depth of the root layer. The row spacing soil is less compacted, since multiple loosening and weeding are not required. The mulching materials used freely pass water and mineral elements dissolved in it. Black woven matting is recognized as the best material for mulching between rows of apple and pear trees in a small film greenhouse. The applied schemes of planting winter grafts of apple and pear trees and mulching of row spacing made it possible to completely abandon the use of intensive manual labor on weeding and loosening the soil. Using three-line planting instead of one-line planting allows to significantly increase the yield of planting material per unit area.
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Buriro, Mahmooda. "Comparative efficacy of different mulching materials to enhance growth and development and to control weed infestation in cotton." JOURNAL OF WEED SCIENCE RESEARCH 27, no. 4 (2021): 475–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.28941/pjwsr.v27i4.963.
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 The present study was based on the hypothesis that mulching materials can directly control weeds and indirectly crop growth and development by improving soil fertility. The present study was conducted to evaluate the “Comparative efficacy of different mulching materials to enhance growth and development and to control weed infestation in cotton” at Student’s Experimental Farm, Department of Agronomy, Sindh Agriculture University Tandojam, during Kharif season, 2016, in a three, replicated randomized complete block design (RCBD). The net plot size was 4m x 3m (12m-2). There were three cotton varieties (Haridost, Shahbaz, and Sind-1), three mulching materials (wheat straw, sunflower, and banana leaves, each applied at 12 t ha-1), and a control without any mulching treatment. The study revealed that the maximum sympodial branches plant-1 (27.93), opened bolls plant-1 (47.53), the weight of seed cotton plant-1 (124.55 g), seed index (8.73 g), seed cotton yield (5394.4 kg ha-1), staple length (30.33 mm), ginning out-turn percentage (37.96%) and oil contents (22.45%) were recorded in Sindh-1 with banana leaves as mulching material. The same treatment caused the maximum leaf area (136.56 cm-2), and leaf area index (4.92 cm) in Haridost. The minimum weed density (55.00 m-2), weed fresh (293.6 g m-2) and dry biomass (122.52 g m-2) with maximum weed control (81%) was recorded with banana leaves as mulching material in Sindh-1. It can be concluded that mulching with banana leaves at 12 t ha-1 significantly reduced the weeds infestation, resulting in enhanced growth, yield, and physiological parameters of cotton crop..
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T. M., Soumya, Siddharth Hulmani, Vignesh, Manjunath Madhukar Mopagar, and Akarsh S. V. "Mulching: A diversified and multipurpose input in agriculture." Environment Conservation Journal 24, no. 3 (2023): 283–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.36953/ecj.14352435.
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The ever-growing demand for food has led to the depletion of natural resources. Water scarcity, land degradation, and climate change are the main factors contributing to declining crop productivity. To address this issue, there is a need to adopt suitable agronomic strategies. Mulching is one way this practice addresses this issue. Since time immemorial, people have been using organic residues as mulching material. Nowadays, people find it cumbersome to utilise crop residues. The development of plastic mulching material overcame this issue due to its easy and plentiful availability. Plastic mulch has its own advantages and disadvantages. In today’s world, the haphazard use of this material has led to the threat of micro plastics. Micro plastics are small in size and escape waste management practices. They contaminate ecosystems, clog the soil pores, enter the food chain, and take a very long time to degrade. So, balanced use of both organic and inorganic materials is the need of the day. This article reviews the benefits of mulching as an agronomic strategy to boost present-day agriculture.
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Abid, Hussain Khoso1, Buriro Mahmooda, Mangan Bakhat-un-Nisa, et al. "Effect of Different Mulching Practices on Weeds and Yield Attributes of Cotton Variety Sindh-1." GU Journal of Phytosciences 3, no. 3 (2023): 226–32. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8217628.
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Cotton (<em>Gossypium hirsutm</em> L.) is a major fiber crop of Pakistan. Weeds are undesirable plants which impact growth and yield of cotton. Weeds can be decreased by applying various types of mulching, water extracts of allelopathic plants, including sorghum, sunflower and herbicide treatment. The present investigation was designed to assess the effect of different mulching practices on weeds and yield attributes of cotton variety Sindh-1 was conducted at Cotton Research Institute, Agriculture Research Centre, Tando Jam, during the year 2017, throughout Kharif season, 2017, in triplicate with a (RCBD) with net plot size of 4m x 3m (12m-2). The experiment comprised cotton variety Sindh-1 and two mulching materials such as wheat chaff and banana leaves, each applied at 12 t ha-1 and a check without mulching treatment. Our study disclosed that the maximum plant height (128.63 cm), sympodial branches plant-1 (19.63), opened bolls plant-1 (46.98), weight of seed cotton (2.60), weight of seed cotton plant-1 (112.46 g), seed index (8.72 g), seed cotton yield (5300 kg ha-1), staple length (29.00 mm), ginning out-turn ratio (33.59%) and oil content (22.49%) were noted in banana leaves as mulching material. The same treatment produced the maximum leaf area (134.60 cm-2), and leaf area index (4.40 cm). The minimum weed density (55.67 m-2), weed fresh (293.80 g m-2) and dry biomass (134.30 g m-2) with maximum weed control (77.84%) was recorded with banana leaves as mulching material in Sindh-1. It is determined that mulching with banana leaves (12 tons ha-1) considerably increased agronomic and physiological characters of cotton variety Sindh-1 and reduced the weeds, as compared to mulching material of wheat straw @ 12 t. ha-1 and control (untreated). Thus, it is suggested that mulching with banana leaves must be added in weed management strategy of cotton.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Mulching material"
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Barragán, Dan Jarry. "Biodegradability in soil determination and fate of some emerging biodegradable materials for agricultural mulching." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Lleida, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/107948.
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The purpose of this PhD thesis was to evaluate the biodegradability potential and ecotoxicological effects of several biodegradable plastics for agricultural use under controlled laboratory conditions in soil. In this study, commercial and still in experimental stage biodegradable plastic films were chosen: Mater-Bi® (corn starch), Bio-Flex® (polylactic acid), Biofilm® (cereal flour), Bioplast® (potato starch), MirelTM (polyhydroxyalcanoates) Ecovio® and Bionelle®. In addition, a sheet commercially known as MimGreen® paper was evaluated. Initially, a gravimetric and FTIR analyses were carried out to determine changes in both weight loss and molecular changes in the plastics respectively. A second experiment consisted in assessing the biodegradability of the materials by designing and building a respirometric system. This system allowed me to measure, with a higher sensitive, the biodegradation process of the materials under laboratory conditions in soil. In addition, I compared the biodegradability of these materials with the remains of a typical crop used for mulch application, tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum). Finally, the ecotoxicological effects of biodegradable films on Zea mays plants, earthworms Eisenia fetida and microbial soil activity were evaluated using the standardised regulations or existing methods. Thus, I was able to prove ecological advantages of these materials.<br>El propòsit d'aquesta tesi doctoral ha estat valorar el potencial de biodegradabilitat i efectes ecotòxics de diferents plàstics biodegradables per a ús agrícola sota condicions controlades al laboratori. En l'estudi es van triar set films plàstics biodegradables de diferent composició química, tant comercial com encara en fase experimental: Mater-Bi® (midó de blat de moro), Bio-Flex® (àcid polilàctic), Biofilm® (farina de cereals), Bioplast® (midó de patates), MirelTM (polihidroxialcanoatos), Ecovio® i Bionelle®, a més d'una làmina de paper (Mimgreen®).
Es van realitzar dos experiments. El primer concistía en realitzar un estudi gravimètric per mesurar el grau de degradació dels plàstics mitjançant la pèrdua de pes, a més es va dur a terme un anàlisi espectroscòpic FTIR, que va permetre discernir els canvis en els entorns moleculars que faciliten o dificulten el procés de biodegradació dels materials. El segon experiment va consistir a valorar la biodegradabilitat dels materials mitjançant el disseny i construcció d'un sistema respiromètric, que va permetre mesurar amb major sensibilitat el grau de biodegradació dels materials seleccionats sota condicions de laboratori en sòl. Addicionalment es va comparar la biodegradabilitat dels materials provats amb restes d'un cultiu típic d'ús de encoixinat com és el cas del tomàquet (Lycopersicum esculentum). Finalment, es van investigar els efectes ecotòxics dels films biodegradables sobre plantes de Zea mays, cucs Eisenia fetida i l'activitat microbial del sòl, els assaigs van ser realitzats a partir de les normatives o mètodes estandarditzats vigents el que va permetre comprovar els avantatges ecològics d'aquests materials.<br>El propósito de la presente Tesis Doctoral ha sido valorar el potencial de biodegradabilidad y efectos ecotóxicos de diferentes plásticos biodegradables para uso agrícola bajo condiciones controladas de laboratorio en suelo. En el estudio se eligieron siete films plásticos biodegradables de diferente composición química tanto comercial como aún en fase experimental: Mater-Bi® (almidón de maíz), Bio-Flex®(ácido poliláctico), Biofilm® (harina de cereales), Bioplast® (almidón de patatas), MirelTM(polihidroxialcanoatos), Ecovio® y Bionelle®; además de una lámina para acolchado con el nombre de papel Mimgreen®. Como primer paso diferentes ensayos fueron realizados entre ellos uno gravimétrico para medir la pérdida de peso de los materiales y otro mediante análisis espectroscópico FTIR, lo que permitió discernir los cambios en los entornos moleculares que facilitan o dificultan el proceso de biodegradación de los materiales. El segundo experimento consistió en valorar la biodegradabilidad de los materiales mediante el diseño y construcción de un sistema respirométrico que permitió medir con mayor sensibilidad el grado de biodegradación de los materiales seleccionados bajo condiciones de laboratorio en suelo. Adicionalmente se comparó la biodegradabilidad de los materiales probados con restos de un cultivo típico de uso de acolchado como es el caso del tomate (Lycopersicum esculentum). Finalmente, se investigaron los efectos ecotóxicos de los films biodegradables sobre plantas de Zea mays, lombrices Eisenia fetida y la actividad microbial del suelo; los ensayos fueron realizados a partir de las normativas o métodos estandarizados vigentes lo que permitió comprobar las ventajas ecológicas de estos materiales.
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Day, A. D., and K. L. Ludeke. "Effects of Soil Materials, Mulching Treatments, and Soil Moisture on the Growth and Yield of Western Wheatgrass for Coal Mine Reclamation." University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/554234.
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A 3-year experiment was conducted in the greenhouse at Tucson, Arizona to study the effects of three soil materials, three mulching treatments, and two soil moisture treatments on the growth and forage production of western wheatgrass (Agropyron smithii Rydb.) when used in the reclamation of coal mine spoil. The three mulching treatments were: (1) No mulch. (2) Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) straw mulch, and (3) Russian thistle (Salsola kali L.) mulch. The two soil moisture treatments consisted of: (1) Optimum (60 cm total) and (2) Stressed (30 cm total). There were significant differences in number of stems per pot, plant height, and forage yield between soil materials, mulching treatments, and soil moisture treatments. The Gila loam soil, barley straw mulch, and optimum soil moisture treatment produced the highest number of stems per plot, the tallest plants, and the highest yield of forage. Plants were more vigorous and produced more forage when soil mulch (incorporated organic matter mulch) was used than when soils were not mulched. Barley straw and Russian thistle were of similar value as mulching materials. Within soil materials and within mulching treatments forage yields were significantly higher with optimum soil moisture than they were when moisture was limited.
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Chen, Yin-Chieh, and 陳映潔. "Field Application and Investigation of the Shotcrete Vegetation Mulching Technique on Steep Slopes and A Preliminary Study on Its Material Optimum Mixture Proportion." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/02908112170965275526.
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碩士<br>國立臺灣大學<br>生物環境系統工程學研究所<br>99<br>In this study, a newly developed method, namely, Shotcrete Vegetation Mulching Technique (SVMT) was applied on the slopes of Shun-tai at Shih-men Reservoir with steepnesses higher than 80 degrees. Aside from this, a preliminary study on the SVMT material optimum mixture was also carried out. Both the tests in the field and in the laboratory, including surface strength, soil pH value and vegetation coverage, were conducted on the soil surfaces with different ages.
Firstly, because of hardening effect of the concrete cement, the surface strength of the soil with the age from 3 to 7 days reached at least 2.72 kg/cm2, indicating that the SVMT method could be used to rapidly increase the strength of the soils on steep slopes. And since the soils were mixed with concrete cement, the pH values of the soils with the age less than 14 days were about 8 to9. When the ages were greater than 14 days, the soil were neutralized because of rainfall, water spraying, leaching and greening additives, the soil pH value were decreased in a stable range from 7.4 to7.9. Regarding vegetation coverage, when the age of the soil was 126 days, the vegetation cover rate had already reached at least 85%. In addition, it was also found that while the age was 84 days, the test site was invaded by native plant. When the age was 242 days, 10 native plants including mostly Spanish needles [ Bidens pilosa L. var. radiate (BI.) Sherff ] were found in the test site. From the results, it might be concluded that the method of SVMT could be applied on steep slopes, providing higher strengths within a shorter time period and habitat environments suitable for plant growing. In addition to these, native plants were allowed to invade into the areas naturally.
In regard to the study of the material optimum mixture of SVMT, three soils, namely, soils A, B and C were used. Soil A was collected from Shun-tai, Soil B was from water sludge of the water treatment plant at Gung-guan, Taipei and soil C was the sludge of Shin-men Reservoir. The three soils were mixed with concrete cement, fertilizer, soil neutralizer and grass seeds respectively. The strengths of the mixtures between 1.5 to 5.5 kg/cm2 had better vegetation coverage. Apart from this, from the test results of soil pH value and vegetation coverage, it was found Soil B mixed with ferros sulfate (FeSO4．7H2O) had better soil pH and vegetation coverage. It might be concluded that water sludge and ferros sulfate could be used as the soil and neutralizer of the SVMT respectively.
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Chen, Ting-Ting, and 陳婷婷. "Erodibility of Mulching Materials in different Slope and Rainfall Conditions." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/98240557785263346169.
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碩士<br>國立屏東科技大學<br>水土保持系所<br>103<br>In this study, we used the mulching materials often seen in vegetation engineering works as test materials to examine their resistance to the erosion caused by various rainfall intensities (40mm/hr and 80mm/hr) and slopes (25º,35ºand45º). Mulching materials are capable of preventing topsoil erosion and increasing topsoil permeability and water retention. These mulching materials can be selected for various soil and water conservation and greening projects to protect the direct damage to the topsoil caused by raindrops, preventing the outflow of soil, seeds, and even fertilizer. This prevents soil erosion, enhances environmental greening, and increases surface roughness, thus slowing surface runoff velocity. The test results indicate that the meshes developed by a Japanese multifunctional materials company had the best erosion resistance. Virtually no erosion occurred within the test range of this study. However, the vegetation blanket and coconut fiber reinforcement mat t commonly used in Taiwan are in no way inferior. If paired with other slope water and soil conservation methods, we believe that this amount of erosion could be held off, and thus help slope environments recover more quickly while reducing adverse effects.
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KOBERNA, Daniel. "Možnosti zužitkování travní hmoty." Master's thesis, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-48867.
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The objective if this degree work is creating a survey of possible uses of surplus grass material which is caused by animal farming reduction and by bringing the ground in less fertile areas of our country to a standstill. In the work possible uses of the grass are described, especially its use in the energy industry as a fuel source for the production of heat and biogas. Classical usage of the grass material as a food source for livestock or for the production of compost is described here as well. Examples are shown there of energy kinds of grass, which seems to be a promising renewable resource of biomass for favourable economic results. The harvest of the grass material and its consequent prossesing is done by production lines, that is why a survey of such lines and their economic figures connected with the operation of these machines is also included in this work. The economic part of this work contains many formulae that can be used for counting out all the costs connected with the operation of the grass harvest machine and for evaluating the effectiveness of the return on investment into this machine
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Ku, Wan-Ping, and 谷婉萍. "Effect of mulching materials on the growth and yield of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/cy3szf.
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碩士<br>國立中興大學<br>土壤環境科學系所<br>104<br>The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of mulching materials (Tyvek, Silver and Black plastic sheet mulching, Ground cover mulching, and No-mulching/ Bare land) on the growth and yield of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Two field experiments were conducted in Wufeng, Taichung (winter 2013 cropping) and Sinyi, Nantou (spring-summer 2014 cropping). The optimum growth temperature for common bean is better 15-20℃. The daily mean temperature of Wufeng (winter cropping) ranged from 16℃ to 18.7℃. CK treatment showed the lowest temperature (14.2℃) at 20 cm below soil surface, and MP treatment showed the highest temperature (24.7℃) at 20 cm below soil surface. The result of winter cropping showed that the yield ranged from 11,005 to 12,994 kg ha-1, with no significant difference between treatments. (Spring-summer cropping) The daily mean temperature of Sinyi was between 21.5℃ to 27.1℃.The daily mean temperature at 5 cm and 20 cm below surface soil was between 23.3℃ to 25.5℃ and 23.4℃ to 24.8℃. Mulch MP show the highest temperature 35℃ at 5 cm below surface soil and Mulch MTy show the lowest temperature 5.7℃ at the same position. The results of spring–summer showed that the temperature was reduced by the MTy up to 5.7 ℃.Therefore, mulching were favorable for low temperature season, and MTy would be favorable for high temperature season, but MP would not be appropriate for high temperature season. The results showed that the yield of mulched MP was higher than MTy with a significant difference. The yield between high salt concentration solution of bare land (CK-H) and (CK) was not significant difference. The yield of mulched treatment were higher than CK because mulched treatment reduced the leaching of soil fertilizers. Between bare treatments (CK-H and CK) fertilizers were leached during the growing season, and the yield was not significantly different. Mulched with MTy reduced 5.7℃ at 5 cm below surface soil then slowed down a drastic change in the surface temperature at noon. Because the mulched kept the temperature at the range of the growth of common bean root domain, the yield was not significantly different in the spring - summer cropping season. It is worth further study on reducing the heat stress by mulching.
Books on the topic "Mulching material"
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D, Haywood James, and Technology & Development Program (U.S.), eds. Mulch mat materials for improved tree establishment. U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Technology & Development Program, 1996.
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D, Haywood James, and Technology & Development Program (U.S.), eds. Mulch mat materials for improved tree establishment. U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Technology & Development Program, 1996.
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D, Haywood James, and Technology & Development Program (U.S.), eds. Mulch mat materials for improved tree establishment. U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Technology & Development Program, 1996.
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R, Curtis Willie, United States. Environmental Protection Agency. Office of Research and Development., and Northeastern Forest Experiment Station (Radnor, Pa.), eds. A guide for the use of organic materials as mulches in reclamation of coal minesoils in the eastern United States. U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Station, 1985.
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Slick, Bernard M. A guide for the use of organic materials as mulches in reclamation of coal minesoils in the eastern United States. U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Station, 1985.
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Mun, Chŏng-suk. Nano mulchil anjŏnsŏng chungjanggi (5-kaenyŏn) ch'ujin kyehoek surip yŏn'gu: Ch'oejong pogosŏ. Hwan'gyŏngbu, 2008.
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Misulgwan, Pusan Sirip. Mulchil esŏ yesul roŭi chŏnhwan: Change from material into art = Bushitsu kara geijutsu eno tenkan. Pusan Sirip Misulgwan, 2010.
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Yun, Chin-san. Sikpʻumyong yonggi pʻojang wŏllyo mulchil kwalli chʻegye kuchʻuk yŏnʼgu: Yonggi pʻojang wŏllyo mulchil ŭi anjŏnsŏng pʻyŏngka mit chaejilbyŏl punsŏkpŏp haesŏlsŏ kaebal = Study on the risk management system of food contact substances : Evaluation of safety of packaging materials and development of its analysis and handbooks. Sikpʻum Ŭiyakpʻum Anjŏnchʻŏng, 2007.
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Hong, Ki-hun. Haeyang tʻuip mulchil kwalli chʻeje kuchʻuk pangan yŏnʼgu =: A preliminary study on the development of management scheme for the materials and items placed into the marine area. Haeyang Susanbu, 2005.
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Mulch demonstration project, Napa County: The effects of green material mulches on erosion and dissolved organic nutrient loss from recently disturbed hillside vineyard soils. California Environmental Protection Agency, Integrated Waste Management Board, 2002.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Mulching material"
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Khedkar, Sandip S., Abhiroop Sarkar, Aditya Sankale, Ameya Kumbhare, Arpit Mishra, and Ashish Yesankar. "Design and development of bull operated mulching machine suitable for small scale farmers in India." In Recent Advances in Material, Manufacturing, and Machine Learning. CRC Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003358596-80.
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"3625 mulching material [n]." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Landscape and Urban Planning. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-76435-9_8272.
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Anushree, Miss, Vidya V. S, and Rekha B. "MULCHING: A SUSTAINABLE TECHNIQUE TO IMPROVE THE CROP PRODUCTION." In Futuristic Trends in Artificial Intelligence Volume 3 Book 6. Iterative International Publishers, Selfypage Developers Pvt Ltd, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.58532/v3baai6p1ch2.
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As the population of India is continuously rising we have to adopt certain ways of sustaining our agricultural growth and it can be achieved through conservation farming. Mulching has many strategic effects on soil ecosystem, crop growth and climate. It has become an important practice in modern crop production due to benefits such as reduced weed competition, moisture conservation, decrease in certain insect pests, improved yields of crops and more efficient use of soil nutrients. The most common mulching material is plastic, especially black polyethylene, which is used almost everywhere because of its low cost and production-proven benefits. Biodegradable films are also becoming more popular in fieldbecause they can be left there safely after harvesting but are less durable and cost much more than plastics. Generalizations are difficult to make because different mulching materials have been employed for various agricultural and horticultural species in various climatic situations. Results vary depending on the chosen strategy, growth techniques, environmental factors, and species
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Madhu Malathi, K., Er P. Sudhakar Reddy, and Dr Ch Balchand. "DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION OF A MANUAL OPERATED PLASTIC MULCH LAYING MACHINE." In Futuristic Trends in Chemical Material Sciences & Nano Technology Volume 3 Book 15. Iterative International Publishers, Selfypage Developers Pvt Ltd, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.58532/v3becs15p3ch1.
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Mulching involves the application of plastic sheeting around plants, yielding various benefits such as enhanced moisture retention, weed control, elevated soil temperature, reduced crop contamination, diminished soil compaction, improved germination rates, and water impermeability. Mulching is regarded as a superior water conservation method, particularly valuable in regions facing water scarcity. Diverse mulch materials, including organic and inorganic options, are utilized. Plastic mulches come in various thicknesses, sizes, and colours to suit specific requirements. Among these, black plastic sheeting stands out as an excellent choice for mulching. A manually operated mulch laying machine with a punching mechanism has been developed to streamline multiple tasks in a single pass. This machine not only lays plastic mulch but also firmly presses it onto the prepared bed, covers the edges of the mulch sheet, and creates punched holes at desired intervals simultaneously. It comprises two concave discs, two press wheels, and punching wheels for perforating the sheet where crops are planted. Mulch roll holders are affixed to the main frame for ease of use.The evaluation of the newly developed mechanized apparatus involved the utilization of 16-micron thick mulch paper, disc inclinations set at 30°, 35°, and 45° punch intervals of 400 mm and three distinct forward velocities (0.74, 0.936, and 1.125 km h-1). This evaluation aimed to investigate their impact on parameters such as effective field capacity, field efficiency and punching efficiency. The effective field capacity was determined to be 0.0618 ha hr-1. The manually operated mulch laying machine exhibited varying levels of field efficiency, registering percentages within the range of 82.6%, 83.4%, and 83.5% at different forward speeds. The punching efficiency of the manually operated mulch laying machine was found to be 81.5%. The optimal configuration involved the use of 16-micron thick mulch paper, a 45°disc angle, and an operational speed of 0.74 km h-1, demonstrating superior performance across all selected performance metrics when coupled with a 400 mm punch spacing.
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Stanturf, John A., R. Kasten Dumroese, Stephen Elliott, et al. "Advances in forest restoration management and technology." In Restoring Forests and Trees for Sustainable Development. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/9780197683958.003.0011.
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Abstract Forest landscape restoration is a participatory process for setting objectives that should be explicitly stated and recognize the needs of local communities. Restoration technology should be appropriate to site and landscape conditions as well as socioeconomic and cultural contexts. This chapter focuses on establishing forests where they are currently lacking. The techniques discussed can also establish trees outside of forests or restore degraded forests. Topics include understanding and documenting initial conditions and monitoring outcomes. Passive regeneration techniques include natural regeneration, sometimes with assistance. Active techniques addressed cover direct seeding by hand or drones and planting. Quality plant material is critical to achieve adequate seedling survival; we survey advanced methods of genomics, molecular genetics, genetic engineering, and genome editing. Other topics include seed collection and seed orchards, nursery practices, seed zones, assisted migration, and planting designs. Site modification techniques considered are conventional mechanical site preparation, micro-catchments, mulching, water-absorbing gels, and biostimulants.
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Ghouse, Pedda. "Mulching: Materials, Advantages and Crop Production." In Protected Cultivation and Smart Agriculture. New Delhi Publishers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.30954/ndp-pcsa.2020.6.
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Kovalov, Mykola. "CULTIVATION OF FRAGARIA ANANASSA IN PROTECTED AND OPEN SOIL CONDITIONS." In Traditional and innovative approaches to scientific research: theory, methodology, practice. Publishing House “Baltija Publishing”, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/978-9934-26-241-8-11.
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The need for the production of organic berry products is primarily due to the fact that as a result of the full-scale use of intensive farming technologies in global agricultural production, there was an accumulation of high residual content of heavy metals and pesticides in the soil, which negatively affected the soil biocenosis and the safety of berry products. The purpose of the work was to study the effectiveness of using mulching and roofing materials, as well as fungicides of a biological nature to protect berries from microbiological damage in the harvested crop. Methodology is based on generally accepted methods, and the research itself. was carried out in the conditions of open ground, as well as film greenhouses in the winter-spring crop rotation using soil-based medium and NFT systems of vertical flow hydroponics. Resultsof experimental studies, the methodology of formation and preservation of consumer properties of fresh strawberry berries of garden organic production was developed, scientifically substantiated and practically confirmed. The biological effectiveness of the use of 4 biofungicides as an alternative to chemical means of berry protection in organic production was established, the maximum degree of protection is provided by the use of EM 5 and the preparation of microbiological synthesis of Biplan, which ensure the yield of standard production of 97,8 and 95,5 %, respectively. The presence of EM 5 aminosaccharides and metabolic products of Biplan bacteria in microbiological preparations made it possible to obtain an
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Zelenyanskaya, Natalya. "SCIENTIFIC SUBSTANTIATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF MODERN TECHNOLOGY IN CULTURE OF GRAPEVINE PLANTING." In Science, technology, and innovation: the experience of European countries and prospects for Ukraine. Publishing House “Baltija Publishing”, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/978-9934-26-190-9-4.
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This work is devoted to the development of technological methods for the production of grafted grape seedlings, which are based on new scientific developments and contribute to an increase in the yield of standard seedlings. For the production of grafted grape seedlings, we, for the first time, studied the effect of new biologically active complex preparations Radifarm, Bioglobin, Kornevin, Ukorenitel, Charkor, El–1, Potassium humate, Ecoorganics and Rost-concentrate at the technological stages – soaking of components and rooting of grafts. It has been established that their use has contributed to the intensive formation of circular callus on copulatory cuts of grafting components, active formation, and root growth of cuttings, grafts, and annual grape seedlings. The survival rate of grapes grafts treated with preparations in the open ground nursery exceeded the control indicator by 11.2–12.5%. For the successful rooting of grape grafts in the open ground nursery, we first investigated the effect of soil mulching with polymeric materials of various types on the parameters of the temperature and water regime, the indicators of the main physiological and biochemical processes in the leaf tissues, and the agrobiological indicators of the development of grafted seedlings. It has been established that a combined black-and-white film with a thickness of 30 microns is optimal. For the first time, scientific substantiation of the use of new materials (waxes and photodestructible films) was carried out to preserve water in the tissues of grafts at different technological stages and stimulation the development of callus tissue. To stimulate the development of callus tissue before stratification grafts, it is recommended to use waxes Proagrivax Hormone, Proagrivax White, Ant-002-7C, and Ant-001-6, Proagrivax Orange, Proagrivax Mediterranean, Ant-002-7 – before planting cuttings in the nursery. These materials ensured water retention in the apical parts of grafts at the level of 51.6 – 54.2% with 47.2% in the control 30 days after planting the grafts in the nursery. The use of photodegradable films «Buddy Tapе», «Medifilm», «Professional Grafting Tape» to protect the apical parts grafts from drying out, provided the yield of grafts with circular callus at the level of 80.0–90.0% with 70.0% in control, preservation water in tissues after 30 days of vegetation of grafts in nursery at the level of 49.0–50.0%, high survival rate of grafting grafts in the nursery (the difference between experimental and control variants for this indicator was 17.3–20.9%). Based on the results of many years of scientific research, it was found established that it is advisable to stratify grape grafts on water-retaining substrates. For the first time, for stratification and conservation, the influence of new water-retaining substrates was applied and studied – coco peat, its mixture with natural minerals – agroperlite, vermiculite, coconut substrates, kamka (sea grass), preparations of the hydroabsorbent group, a substrate for growing orchids, Polessky substrate. They contributed to the formation of circular callus in 70.0–80.0% of grafts grapes, swelling or the beginning of the opening the eyes of the scion, and the formation of a large number of root tubercles. The survival rate of grafts in the nursery was higher by 26.3–32.5% compared to the generally accepted open method on the water.
Conference papers on the topic "Mulching material"
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Yakimova, O. V., and V. E. Lazko. "THE USE OF BIODEGRADABLE POLYMERIC FILM AND SECONDARY CELLULOSE AS A MULCHING MATERIAL ON THE MELON SOWINGS OF THE VARIETY STRELCHANKA." In 11-я Всероссийская конференция молодых учёных и специалистов «Актуальные вопросы биологии, селекции, технологии возделывания и переработки сельскохозяйственных культур». V.S. Pustovoit All-Russian Research Institute of Oil Crops, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.25230/conf11-2021-278-283.
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We studied the use of the secondary cellulose and biodegradable polymeric film for soil mulching on the summer sowings of the melon variety Strelchanka. We noted the efficiency of the use of mulching material in levelling out the temperature fluctuations, protecting the root system of plants from overheating and in developing the favorable conditions for soil moistening. The analysis of the obtained results showed a significant increase in the productivity of melon fruits by 0.93 t/ha (+15.9 %) in comparison with the control variant, on which we used the standard technology. The mulching increased the accumulation of dry soluble substances in the flesh of melon fruits. The mulch from the secondary cellulose did not create any obstacles for carrying out agrotechnical measures for tillage after harvesting and removing the drip tape.
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Daniel, Diego Fernando, and Alessandro Bandeira Dalbianco. "TEMPERATURA E UMIDADE DO SOLO NO CULTIVO DE TOMATE RASTEIRO PRODUZIDO EM DIFERENTES COBERTURAS DE SOLO." In I Congresso Nacional de Ciências Agrárias On-line. Revista Multidisciplinar de Educação e Meio Ambiente, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.51189/rema/1591.
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Introdução: A temperatura e a umidade do solo podem afetar diretamente na capacidade produtiva e na qualidade de frutos de tomate, onde se faz necessário apresentar técnicas de cultivo para que estes fatores sejam favoráveis as plantas. Objetivos: Avaliar a interferência de coberturas do solo na umidade e temperatura do solo no cultivo do tomateiro rasteiro e a influência na produtividade da cultura. Material e métodos: Foi utilizada a cultivar de tomate rasteiro de mesa (Thaíse Híbrido F1), com 5 tratamentos (diferentes coberturas do solo): Sem cobertura do solo; Mulching (filme de polietileno dupla face); Sorgo (cv. JB 1330); Capim Sudão (cv. ANsf 306) e Milheto (cv. ANm 17), cultivados em Tangará da Serra - MT. As plantas de cobertura e o mulching foram dispostos sobre os canteiros. As mudas de tomateiro foram transplantadas quando atingiram 26 dias, com espaçamento de 0,50 e 1,20 m, totalizando 13.333 plantas ha-1. A adubação foi realizada via fertirrigação (sistema de gotejamento), de acordo com a recomendação para a cultura. A temperatura do solo foi monitorada nas profundidades de 5, 10, 20, e 30 cm e no dossel da cultura (10 cm), e a umidade do solo entre 0-30 cm, utilizando-se de sensores termopares do tipo “K” e sondas de reflectometria no domínio do tempo (TDR), conectados a um Datalogger (CR1000, Campbell Scientific Inc.). Resultados: A partir dos 60 DAT, ocorre uma redução na amplitude térmica diária do solo, devido ao sombreamento do dossel em razão do maior índice de área foliar (IAF) das plantas. Para todas as profundidades, a cobertura do solo com mulching plástico proporcionou maior temperatura do solo nos estágios iniciais de desenvolvimento, com média de 26,18 °C. Quanto à variação da umidade do solo, o tratamento sem cobertura de solo apresentou os menores valores durante todo o ciclo. Conclusão: A cobertura do solo com mulching apresentou maior temperatura do solo, porém a menor amplitude térmica. As coberturas com mulching e palhada de milheto apresentaram os maiores valores de umidade do solo. A maior produtividade total e comercial foi na cobertura do solo com mulching, com 110,71 e 75,93 t ha-1, respectivamente.
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Gabriela Ene, Alexandra, Mihaela Jomir, and Carmen Mihai. "The incremental development of a collapsible aerial module for the management of the calamity generated by soil drought." In AHFE 2023 Hawaii Edition. AHFE International, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1004301.
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Extended areas of the planet are experiencing drought, a natural phenomenon that occurs due to a prolonged period of abnormally low rainfall or when water is insufficient. Drought is a critical global problem affecting the environment, economies and social well-being of communities around the world, with severe impacts on agriculture, wildlife, water supplies and public health.The most efficient technique for protecting the soil against pedological drought is represented by mulching, a technique that enables the preservation of the soil moisture (by reducing evaporation) and limitation of the weed growth (lack of light forces etiolation and exhaustion). In addition, considering that an extraordinary variety of living beings could be developed under the mulch, the most important being represented by the Oligochaeta taxon and Annelida family, through mulching, digging and loosening operations are eliminated.The paper presents the stages of the incremental iterative development of a collapsible aerial module used for mulching the soil affected by extreme pedological drought, starting from the specific requirements imposed to the functional system by the real conditions of usage. The phases of iterative development were completed, starting from the digital and experimental design, the realization and testing of the system. Thus, the initialization phase included the digitization sequences corresponding to the digital design of the system and performance evaluation through testing (sketcher, part design, assembly design and generative structural analysis) for 3 distinct requirements: i) the module has a load with a mass of 5000 kg, t0=0 s; ii) part of the load is placed and there is a remaining part of 2000 kg, t1=t0+ɛ s, and iii) the module is empty, t2= t0+ɛ+ɤ s. The testing was carried out for all the 3 different situations as a function of time and the deformation under the effect of dynamic pressure, Von Mises stress fields and distribution of displacement vectors and errors were visualised.The possible cracks of the system were predicted using the Von Mises criterion, according to which the limit state of the solid body appears when the specific potential energy that modify the shape reaches the characteristic limit value of the material (allowable resistance of min +010N_m2). The second phase of the incremental development consists in the experimental design with the help of the Optitex Pattern Making PDS (EFI Optitex) software, obtaining the type-dimensions of the system and the multiplication (2D pattern construction, 3D simulation and visualization).The incremental development approach leads to a rapid development and realization of the functional model used in the case of pedological drought, and its systematic testing in real conditions of usage will determine both the improvement of the type-dimensional parameters, and the definition of the technological process.
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Mihai, Carmen, Alina Vladu, and Alexandra Ene. "DATASET ANALYSIS OF FLEXIBLE COMPOSITES PANNELS FOR AGRICULTURAL AIR CARGO TRANSPORT SCENARIO." In 10th SWS International Scientific Conferences on SOCIAL SCIENCES - ISCSS 2023. SGEM WORLD SCIENCE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.35603/sws.iscss.2023/sv15.24.
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The soil represents the "fragile skin" that anchors all life on Earth and from whichbiodiversity springs. The dynamic and complex ecosystem produced by the soil, wherethere are countless species of living things supports the most precious resources for lifeon Earth. It has been scientifically proven that the most used technique for protectingthe soil against environmental factors (drought, erosion) is that of mulching, whichenable the affected areas to be covered with a layer of mulch that will accelerate thenative recovery of vegetation and implicitly agricultural production, by maintaininghumidity and protection from solar radiation. The research of INCDTP specialists aimsto create a functional model of a collapsible aerial module for transporting waste formulching in areas with difficult access or on very large areas (forests, agriculturalplantations on areas of at least 500 ha). The paper presents the behavioral analysis of thefunctional model made of composite material with a textile matrix and 5 panelsassembled by sewing, from the same material, the difference between them consisting inthe panels joining methods. The experiments were carried out in the accreditedlaboratories, the data obtained allowing the prediction of the technological parametersof joining the panels and the behavior of the entire system in real conditions of use.
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Zhao, Quanke. "Analysis and Countermeasure of Plastic Film Mulching to Soil Pollution." In 6th International Conference on Mechatronics, Materials, Biotechnology and Environment (ICMMBE 2016). Atlantis Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icmmbe-16.2016.10.
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Efremova, Yu, and Marina Kochergina. "DEVELOPMENT OF AN ARCHITECTURAL AND PLANNING SOLUTION AND THE ASSORTMENT OF PLANTS OF THE ESTATE IN THE VILLAGE OF STAROZIVOTINNOYE, RAMONSKY, VORONEZH REGION." In Reproduction, monitoring and protection of natural, natural-anthropogenic and anthropogenic landscapes. FSBE Institution of Higher Education Voronezh State University of Forestry and Technologies named after G.F. Morozov, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.34220/rmpnnaal2021_181-186.
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The work is devoted to the issues of landscape design on the territory of a private estate, which would meet the principles of functionality, year-round decorativeness and minimal maintenance. The results of the design of the site in the village of Starozivotinnoye of the Ramonsky district of the Voronezh region are presented. A functional zoning scheme, an architectural and planning solution of the object and an assortment of plants have been developed, materials have been selected (for planar structures, mulching components, curb tapes), the order of work has been determined, estimates for the layout of the site and the removal of the project to the terrain have been calculated.
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Huang, Kewen, Liying Ouyang, Ming’an Liao, and Lijin Lin. "Effects of Mulching with Accumulator Plants Straws on Nutrients Uptake of Cyphomandra betacea Seedlings under Cadmium Stress." In Proceedings of the 2018 3rd International Conference on Advances in Materials, Mechatronics and Civil Engineering (ICAMMCE 2018). Atlantis Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icammce-18.2018.26.
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Huang, Kewen, Liying Ouyang, Ming’an Liao, and Lijin Lin. "Effects of Mulching with Tolerant Plants Straws on Soil Nutrients under Cadmium Stress of Cyphomandra betacea Seedlings." In Proceedings of the 2018 3rd International Conference on Advances in Materials, Mechatronics and Civil Engineering (ICAMMCE 2018). Atlantis Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icammce-18.2018.27.
Full textReports on the topic "Mulching material"
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Fuchs, Marcel, Jerry Hatfield, Amos Hadas, and Rami Keren. Reducing Evaporation from Cultivated Soils by Mulching with Crop Residues and Stabilized Soil Aggregates. United States Department of Agriculture, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1993.7568086.bard.
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Field and laboratory studies of insulating properties of mulches show that the changes they produce on the heat balance and the evaporation depend not only on the intrinsic characteristics of the material but also on the structure of air flow in boundary layer. Field measurements of the radiation balance of corn residue showed a decrease of reflectivity from 0.2 to 0.17 from fall to spring. The aerodynamic properties of the atmospheric surface layer were turbulent, with typical roughness length of 12 to 24 mm. Evaporation from corn residue covered soils in climate chambers simulating the diurnal course of temperature in the field were up to 60% less than bare soil. Wind tunnel studies showed that turbulence in the atmospheric boundary layer added a convective component to the transport of water vapor and heat through the mulches. The decreasing the porosity of the mulch diminished this effect. Factors increasing the resistance to vapor flow lowering the effect of wind. The behavior of wheat straw and stabilized soil aggregates mulches were similar, but the resistance to water of soil aggregate layer with diameter less than 2 mm were very large, close to the values expected from molecular diffusion.