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1
Jayaweera, W. M. C. S., S. R. Amarasinghe, and A. L. Ranawake. "Effect of Paddy Straw, Paddy Husk, and Cinnamon Residue as mulching in Turmeric (<em>Curcuma longa</em> L.) Cultivation in Low Country Wet Zone in Ultisols." AGRIEAST: Journal of Agricultural Sciences 18, no. 2 (2024): 30–42. https://doi.org/10.4038/agrieast.v18i2.135.
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An experiment was conducted to determine the most effective mulching material for maximizing turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) yield. The study was carried out in the low country wet zone of Sri Lanka, specifically in Ultisols, during 2021 and 2022, using locally available mulching materials, including paddy straw, paddy husk, and cinnamon residue. A control group was included, where turmeric was grown without any mulching material. The experimental setup followed a Randomized Complete Block Design, with three plots, each comprising thirty plants arranged in the rows of the plot at a spacing of 30X30 cm between plants. Plants at the edges of the beds were excluded from data collection. While there was no significant difference in per plant yield between turmeric plants grown with paddy husk and paddy straw mulching (1251 g and 1227 g), all three mulching materials resulted in significantly higher yields compared to the control group. Results revealed that turmeric plants grown with cinnamon mulching exhibited the highest yield (1523 g), suggesting cinnamon is also an effective mulching material for turmeric cultivation in Ultisols, the same as other mulching materials. Additionally, turmeric plants grown with cinnamon mulching showed significantly higher tuber dimensions, such as the number of mother rhizomes (5.97), primary fingers (31.10), and secondary fingers (134.1) compared to the control, further highlighting its effectiveness. However, mulching had no significant effect on the number of leaves, leaf blade length, and leaf petiole length in both control and treatment groups, suggesting other factors may play a more dominant role in determining these parameters. Cinnamon residue can also be an effective mulching material for achieving better turmeric yields in Ultisols.
2
Benson, G. A. S. and Oso, Y. O. "Effect of Planting and Mulching Materials on Growth and Yield of White Yam (Dioscorea rotundata) in Ikorodu, Lagos State, Nigeria." Journal of Experimental Agriculture International 46, no. 4 (2024): 110–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/jeai/2024/v46i42346.
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The effect of planting and mulching materials on growth and yield of white yam was evaluated in Ikorodu. White yam head, bottom and seed yam were used as planting materials while cooking banana pseudostem, banana leaves and guinea grass (Panicum maximum) were used as mulching materials and control plot was left unmulched.. Planting and mulching materials had significant effect on days to sprouting, vine length and yield of white yam. Seed yam performed relatively better than head and bottom setts in growth and yield. Grass mulch significantly (P < 0.05) gave higher rate of emergence and had tuber yield greater than the banana pseudostem, leave mulch and the unmulched plots. Irrespective of mulching materials, it was found that mulching significantly (P< 0.05) increased tuber yield than the unmulched yam. Interaction between planting and mulching materials also had a significant effect on days to sprouting, vine length and yield of yam. The control (unmulched) plots performed least amongst the treatments. It could be suggested that banana pseudostem and leaves be chopped, fermented, dried and milled to serve better as mulching material and to improve the physical quality of the soil. It is therefore suggested that more work be conducted on the use of banana pseudostem as mulching material to determine the nutrient composition of the material and the appropriate level for its use.
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Kumar, Pradeep, and V. P. Usadadiya. "Mulching: An Efficient Technology for Sustainable Agriculture Production." International Journal of Plant & Soil Science 35, no. 20 (2023): 887–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ijpss/2023/v35i203880.
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The application of mulching practices reduces soil evaporation, conserves soil moisture, suppresses weed growth, controls soil structure and temperature, influences soil micro-organisms, and is aesthetically pleasing. This study has reviewed, which described the effects of various mulching materials and methods on soil and environment that influence crop productivity. This paper describes the extent of influence of different mulching materials and methods on the hydrothermal environment of soils. It is imperative to know the processes that control soil environments under various mulching conditions and the effects of mulching materials on crop yield, productivity and water use efficiency. Plastic mulching materials also have a greater importance to control soil environment and increase crop yield. Organic mulching materials are inexpensive and environment friendly. The selection of an appropriate mulching material is, however, guided by crop type, crop management practices and climatic conditions. Future research is needed on the effects of low-cost biodegradable mulching materials on microclimate modifications, soil biota, soil fertility, crop growth and crop yields.
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Masnar, Adley L. "Evaluation of Two Sakurab (Allium Chinense G. Don) Varieties under Various Mulching Materials." American Journal of Agricultural Science, Engineering, and Technology 8, no. 3 (2024): 39–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.54536/ajaset.v8i3.3671.
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This study focuses on the evaluation of two varieties of Sakurab (Allium chinense G. Don) under various mulching materials. Sakurab, also known as Chinese onion, holds cultural significance for the Meranao tribe in the Philippines and is traditionally processed into "palapa," a key ingredient in their recipes. Despite its cultural importance, there is a lack of scientific understanding of Sakurab's growth and development, especially regarding the influence of mulching. The research is conducted in Saguiaran, Lanao del Sur, Philippines, and employs a randomized complete block design with two varieties (Rikit and Urder) and four mulching materials (No Mulch, Corn Stalk, Rice Straw, Plastic Mulch). The study aims to assess the growth and development of Sakurab varieties and determine the effects of different mulching materials on crop growth and yield. Results indicate significant differences in plant height between varieties, with Urder being taller. Mulching materials, especially corn stalk, significantly impact plant height, emphasizing the importance of mulching in crop management. The number of leaves per hill is influenced by both variety and mulching material, with Rikit displaying greater leaf counts. Crop stand at harvest is significantly affected by variety, mulching material, and their interactions, with corn stalk mulch contributing to higher stand counts. Vegetative yield per hectare is influenced by the interaction of variety and mulching material, with corn stalk mulch enhancing yields. Similarly, vegetative yield per hill is significantly affected by variety and mulching material, emphasizing the importance of these factors in determining crop productivity. Bulb yield per hill varies significantly between varieties and is positively influenced by corn stalk mulch. The number of bulbs per hill is significantly higher in Rikit, indicating a faster rate of bulb division. The length of bulbs is significantly longer in Urder, with corn stalk mulch contributing to increased bulb length. Moreover, understanding the morphological growth and development of Sakurab varieties and the influence of mulching materials is crucial for optimizing crop production. The study provides valuable insights into the cultural and agricultural significance of Sakurab, offering a foundation for further research and development in the Sakurab industry.
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Chen, Zhaofang, Liting Wen, Liancong Yang, et al. "Effects of Chelated Iron on Roots under Different Mulching Materials on Fruit Quality of Huangguogan." E3S Web of Conferences 206 (2020): 02016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202020602016.
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In this experiment, Huangguogan in Shimian County was selected as the experimental material, and the effects of different treatments on the fruit quality of Huangguogan were studied by mulching treatments with black film, straw, horticultural cloth and river sand. The results of this study showed that the application of chelated iron to the roots under different mulching materials could significantly improve the fruit quality, and the application of chelated iron to the roots under different mulching materials had different effects on fruit quality. The river sand mulching treatment had the highest single fruit weight, vertical and horizontal diameters, while CK had the lowest one. The four mulching treatments all increased the contents of total soluble solids, soluble sugar and sucrose. The river sand mulching treatment had the highest contents, which were 13.96%, 13.09 and 6.93 g.100 mL-1, respectively. There were significant differences in the titratable acid, vitamins C and sugar-acid ratio between the different mulching treatments, and the river sand mulching treatment had the highest effect. In general, the river sand mulching treatment had the best effect on promoting fruit quality, and plastic film mulching treatment had the worst effect.
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Kolomeichenko, Aleksandr, Ivan Gribov, Rudolf Soloviev, et al. "Design evaluation and material selection of a mulch milling cutter working bodies." E3S Web of Conferences 402 (2023): 11007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202340211007.
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Working bodies of agricultural machinery and equipment are operated in harsh conditions. Mulching cutters shred various types of vegetation, including stumps, trees, bushes, their roots and mix wood residues with soil, which acts as an abrasive. Therefore, great attention is paid to the scientifically based selection of materials for the manufacture of the working parts of the mulching cutter. This study presents a systematic analysis of the operating conditions and design features of the working parts of the mulching cutter. The results of chemical and metallographic analysis, and hardness measurements of materials used for parts that make up the mulching cutter’s working body, as well as for obtaining permanent connections between structural elements, are given. Practical recommendations for material selection that meet the required operational characteristics of the working parts in the operating conditions have been formulated.
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Bezukh, E. P., and A. V. Zykov. "The use of mulching material in the cultivation of apple and pear in a small plastic greenhouses." Agrarian science, no. 7-8 (September 24, 2021): 109–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.32634/0869-8155-2021-351-7-8-109-114.
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This article presents the results of studies that were conducted in a small-sized film greenhouse for growing аpple and pear seedlings according to different planting schemes with mulching between rows with black span bond and matting. It was found that mulching between rows creates more favorable conditions for growing plants. The temperature regime of the soil improves, especially at the depth of the root layer. The row spacing soil is less compacted, since multiple loosening and weeding are not required. The mulching materials used freely pass water and mineral elements dissolved in it. Black woven matting is recognized as the best material for mulching between rows of apple and pear trees in a small film greenhouse. The applied schemes of planting winter grafts of apple and pear trees and mulching of row spacing made it possible to completely abandon the use of intensive manual labor on weeding and loosening the soil. Using three-line planting instead of one-line planting allows to significantly increase the yield of planting material per unit area.
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Buriro, Mahmooda. "Comparative efficacy of different mulching materials to enhance growth and development and to control weed infestation in cotton." JOURNAL OF WEED SCIENCE RESEARCH 27, no. 4 (2021): 475–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.28941/pjwsr.v27i4.963.
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 The present study was based on the hypothesis that mulching materials can directly control weeds and indirectly crop growth and development by improving soil fertility. The present study was conducted to evaluate the “Comparative efficacy of different mulching materials to enhance growth and development and to control weed infestation in cotton” at Student’s Experimental Farm, Department of Agronomy, Sindh Agriculture University Tandojam, during Kharif season, 2016, in a three, replicated randomized complete block design (RCBD). The net plot size was 4m x 3m (12m-2). There were three cotton varieties (Haridost, Shahbaz, and Sind-1), three mulching materials (wheat straw, sunflower, and banana leaves, each applied at 12 t ha-1), and a control without any mulching treatment. The study revealed that the maximum sympodial branches plant-1 (27.93), opened bolls plant-1 (47.53), the weight of seed cotton plant-1 (124.55 g), seed index (8.73 g), seed cotton yield (5394.4 kg ha-1), staple length (30.33 mm), ginning out-turn percentage (37.96%) and oil contents (22.45%) were recorded in Sindh-1 with banana leaves as mulching material. The same treatment caused the maximum leaf area (136.56 cm-2), and leaf area index (4.92 cm) in Haridost. The minimum weed density (55.00 m-2), weed fresh (293.6 g m-2) and dry biomass (122.52 g m-2) with maximum weed control (81%) was recorded with banana leaves as mulching material in Sindh-1. It can be concluded that mulching with banana leaves at 12 t ha-1 significantly reduced the weeds infestation, resulting in enhanced growth, yield, and physiological parameters of cotton crop..
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T. M., Soumya, Siddharth Hulmani, Vignesh, Manjunath Madhukar Mopagar, and Akarsh S. V. "Mulching: A diversified and multipurpose input in agriculture." Environment Conservation Journal 24, no. 3 (2023): 283–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.36953/ecj.14352435.
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The ever-growing demand for food has led to the depletion of natural resources. Water scarcity, land degradation, and climate change are the main factors contributing to declining crop productivity. To address this issue, there is a need to adopt suitable agronomic strategies. Mulching is one way this practice addresses this issue. Since time immemorial, people have been using organic residues as mulching material. Nowadays, people find it cumbersome to utilise crop residues. The development of plastic mulching material overcame this issue due to its easy and plentiful availability. Plastic mulch has its own advantages and disadvantages. In today’s world, the haphazard use of this material has led to the threat of micro plastics. Micro plastics are small in size and escape waste management practices. They contaminate ecosystems, clog the soil pores, enter the food chain, and take a very long time to degrade. So, balanced use of both organic and inorganic materials is the need of the day. This article reviews the benefits of mulching as an agronomic strategy to boost present-day agriculture.
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Abid, Hussain Khoso1, Buriro Mahmooda, Mangan Bakhat-un-Nisa, et al. "Effect of Different Mulching Practices on Weeds and Yield Attributes of Cotton Variety Sindh-1." GU Journal of Phytosciences 3, no. 3 (2023): 226–32. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8217628.
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Cotton (<em>Gossypium hirsutm</em> L.) is a major fiber crop of Pakistan. Weeds are undesirable plants which impact growth and yield of cotton. Weeds can be decreased by applying various types of mulching, water extracts of allelopathic plants, including sorghum, sunflower and herbicide treatment. The present investigation was designed to assess the effect of different mulching practices on weeds and yield attributes of cotton variety Sindh-1 was conducted at Cotton Research Institute, Agriculture Research Centre, Tando Jam, during the year 2017, throughout Kharif season, 2017, in triplicate with a (RCBD) with net plot size of 4m x 3m (12m-2). The experiment comprised cotton variety Sindh-1 and two mulching materials such as wheat chaff and banana leaves, each applied at 12 t ha-1 and a check without mulching treatment. Our study disclosed that the maximum plant height (128.63 cm), sympodial branches plant-1 (19.63), opened bolls plant-1 (46.98), weight of seed cotton (2.60), weight of seed cotton plant-1 (112.46 g), seed index (8.72 g), seed cotton yield (5300 kg ha-1), staple length (29.00 mm), ginning out-turn ratio (33.59%) and oil content (22.49%) were noted in banana leaves as mulching material. The same treatment produced the maximum leaf area (134.60 cm-2), and leaf area index (4.40 cm). The minimum weed density (55.67 m-2), weed fresh (293.80 g m-2) and dry biomass (134.30 g m-2) with maximum weed control (77.84%) was recorded with banana leaves as mulching material in Sindh-1. It is determined that mulching with banana leaves (12 tons ha-1) considerably increased agronomic and physiological characters of cotton variety Sindh-1 and reduced the weeds, as compared to mulching material of wheat straw @ 12 t. ha-1 and control (untreated). Thus, it is suggested that mulching with banana leaves must be added in weed management strategy of cotton.
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Ferrini, Francesco, Alessio Fini, Piero Frangi, and Gabriele Amoroso. "Mulching of Ornamental Trees: Effects on Growth and Physiology." Arboriculture & Urban Forestry 34, no. 3 (2008): 157–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.48044/jauf.2008.021.
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Two organic mulching materials applied to newly planted Tilia × europaea and Aesculus × carnea trees were evaluated for effects on tree growth and physiology. Both mulches were efficient in maintaining a cleared area around newly planted trees, although pine bark was more durable than coarse compost from mixed green material. Trees mulched with compost generally had greater height, trunk diameter, and current-year shoot growth. Differences were more evident in the first year in Aesculus and in the second year in Tilia. Mulching with compost increased carbon assimilation of linden leaves in 2005 when compared with pine bark and chemical weeding. Both mulching materials increased transpiration of horsechestnut in 2005. Little effect on gas exchange was found in 2006 in both species. However, because mulched trees were larger with longer shoots, whole plant leaf gas exchange was probably greater. Mulching had very limited effects on chlorophyll fluorescence. Results of this project have shown that mulching materials applied around trees after planting can positively affect tree growth without significantly affecting tree physiology.
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Chen, Zhaofang, Liting Wen, Liancong Yang, et al. "Correction of Iron Deficient Yellowing of Huangguogan by Different Application of Chelated Iron under Different Mulching Material." E3S Web of Conferences 206 (2020): 02009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202020602009.
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In this experiment, the asbestos chinensis was selected as the experimental material, and it was treated with black mulch, straw mulch, horticultural cloth mulch and river sand mulch, and compared with the control group to study the correction of iron deficiency yellowing of the leaves of Huangguogan. The results showed that the application of chelated iron under different mulching materials can significantly improve the photosynthesis index and leaf fluorescence characteristics of leaves, and correct the problem of iron deficiency yellowing of yellow fruit orange. The degree of correction of leaf iron deficiency yellowing by root-chelating iron was different under different mulching materials. In general, the correction effect of river sand mulch treatment was the most obvious, and the correction effect of black mulch was the worst. It was economical, practical, simple and convenient to correct the iron deficiency yellowing of the yellow fruit by mulching the material, and it had certain promotion value.
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Datta, Himadri S., P. C. Barua, U. Kotoky, et al. "Influence of Spacing and Mulching on Strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.) cv. Sweet Charlie in Assam." Archives of Current Research International 25, no. 1 (2025): 107–12. https://doi.org/10.9734/acri/2025/v25i11042.
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Plant spacing and mulching material have effects on crop growth and yield as they play a vital role in conserving soil moisture, enhancing nutrient and moisture uptake, regulating soil temperature and reducing weed growth. Evident research gap exists on effects of spacing and mulching on growth and development of strawberry. Strawberry is a surface feeder crop, and hence, mulching plays a very important role in providing optimum conditions for root development. Therefore, a field experiment was conducted at the farmer’s field in Jorhat district of Assam, during 2019-20 and 2020-21 to study the effect of plant spacing and mulching on root volume of strawberry cv. Sweet Charlie. The experiment was laid out in a randomized block design with three replications based on 2 factors viz. plant spacing and mulch material. The trial consisted of a total of twenty treatments keeping five different plant spacing levels viz., 20 cm × 30 cm (S1), 30 cm × 30 cm (S2), 30 cm × 40 cm (S3), 40 cm × 40 cm (S4), 40 cm × 60 cm (S5) and four different mulching materials viz., paddy straw (M1), red mulch (M2), silver black mulch (M3) and no mulch (M4). Results revealed that 40 cm × 60 cm spacing under silver black mulch recorded maximum root volume which may have a positive impact on crop yield.
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Palamarchuk, Inna. "INFLUENCE OF TECHNOLOGY ELEMENTS ON TEMPERATURE AND SOIL MOISTURE FOR ZUCCHINI GROWING IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE FOREST-STEPPE OF THE RIGHT BANK OF UKRAINE." Agriculture and Forestry, no. 2 (May 25, 2021): 178–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.37128/2707-5826-2021-2-15.
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The results of researches of influence of mulching of soil and water-retaining granules Akvod on temperature and humidity of soil in the conditions of Forest-steppe of right-bank Ukraine are resulted. An increase in soil temperature and humidity was revealed with the use of black agrofiber mulching materials and perforated black polyethylene film, which is 1.3 and 2.6 ° C higher than the variant where soil mulching was not used. When mulching the soil with black agrofiber and perforated black polyethylene film, the soil moisture was 78.1–79.0 %, which is 14.5 and 15.4 % more than the control. The increase in soil moisture against the background of water-retaining granules relative to the control averaged 14.5 %, and with the use of black polyethylene film – 15.4 %. An important indicator in identifying the influence of the studied factors is the yield. The highest yields were found when mulching the soil with black agrofiber and perforated black polyethylene film 91.9 and 102.1 t / ha, which is 17.7 and 27.8 t / ha, respectively, more than the control. It was found that against the background of the introduction of Aquod granules, all the studied options provided a significantly higher yield of zucchini. The largest increase in yield relative to control was provided by the options for mulching the soil with black agrofiber and perforated black polyethylene film, while the yield of marketable products increased by 24.0-34.9 t / ha. The use of mulching materials and water-retaining granules also increased the biometric parameters of zucchini products. The largest number of fruits was observed for mulching the soil with black agrofiber and perforated black polyethylene film 26.3–29.4 pcs / plant. The highest fruit weight was observed for mulching the soil with black agrofiber – 299 g and perforated black polyethylene film – 314 g, which is more than the control of 13–28 g. The diameter of the fruit, depending on the use of mulching materials was in the range of 4.9 – 5.2 cm Thus, for the variety Zolotinka, the diameter of the fruit increased by 0.1 – 0.3 cm during mulching of the soil with different materials. The number of fruits, depending on the mulching material on the background of water-retaining granules in all studied variants was significantly higher. The largest number of fruits was noted for mulching the soil with agrofiber and perforated black polyethylene film – 30.6–31.7 pieces / plant. In general, all the studied options provided an increase relative to control. An important indicator that affects the yield is the weight of the fruit. The highest fruit weight was recorded during mulching of the soil with perforated black polyethylene film 317 g, which is 26 g more than the control. Thus, the use of mulching materials on the background of water-retaining granules Akvod promotes more intensive fruit growth.
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Joshi, Dipesh, Prakash Awasthi, Sujan Bogati, et al. "EFFECT OF DIFFERENT MULCHING MATERIALS ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF CUCUMBER (Cucumis sativus cv. Bhaktapur local), IN GOKULESHWOR, BAITADI." Tropical Agrobiodiversity 3, no. 2 (2022): 34–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.26480/trab.02.2022.34.39.
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The experiment titled “Effect of Different Mulching Materials on Growth and Yield of Cucumber” was conducted during March to June 2021 at Gokuleshwor , Baitadi district of Nepal. Cultivar Bhaktapur local was used as principal cultivar for this research. The experiment was done by using Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD). Accordingly, four different mulching material,viz.silver on black polythene mulch, black polythene mulch, rice straw and wheat husk mulch were used as treatment. Each treatment was replicated five times. Un-mulched plot served as control. Results reveals that the application of mulching significiantly influence both growth and yield parameters of cucumber. The broad objectives of this study was to determine the effect of mulching on the growth and yield of cucumber plant. The primary data was obtained through experimental analysis of sample plants of each plot without replacement. Plant height and number of leaves were significantly higher when black polythene mulch was used. Similarly, maximum leaf area was shown in paddy straw mulching at 75 days of transplanting (2318 cm square) . Mulching enhances flower production by 3-4 folds and increases the amount of blooms and fruit per plant. Likewise maximum number of flowers (80.00) and fruit (65.00) were observed in paddy straw mulching. Also highest weight (33.52) and yield (16.76) is seen in paddy straw mulching. And shortest height (977cm) , least number of leaves( 402) and leaf area (1911cm square ) was observed in control at 75 days after transplanting. Due to these mentioned reasons no mulch gave lowest yield per plot. Finding of this experiment thus clearly suggest the benefit of using paddy straw mulch as well as silver and black polythene mulch in cucumber compared to the other common mulching materials.
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LALIT GOEL, VIJAY SHANKAR, and R.K. SHARMA. "Influence of different organic mulches on soil hydrothermal and plant growth parameters in potato crop (Solanum tuberosum L.)." Journal of Agrometeorology 22, no. 1 (2021): 56–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.54386/jam.v22i1.123.
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Present study was conducted to investigate the effect of different mulching materials on soil hydrothermal environment and plant growth parameters for potato crop at field experimental station of National Institute of Technology, Hamirpur in the humid sub-tropical agro climate of Western Himalayas. The field experiments were conducted in a randomized complete block design with four mulching treatments; wheat straw mulch, pine needle mulch, rice straw mulch and no mulch in three replications. An increase in soil moisture retention ranging from 5.14% to 42% was observed depending upon the mulch material and depth of the soil layer in root zone. Mulching also reduced the daily maximum soil temperature up to 3.5ºC with an average temperature reduction of 1-2ºC during the period of tuber formation. Mulching produced beneficial effects on root depth, plant height, leaf area index and tuber yield. Mulching helped to bring about a yield surplus of 1.7-4.4 tonnes ha-1 over unmulched conditions and an increase in water use efficiency which varied from 13.5% in rice straw mulch to 34.9 % inwheat straw mulch.
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Palamarchuk, Inna. "INFLUENCE OF SOIL MULCHING ON YIELD AND DYNAMICS OF ZUCCHINI FRUIT FORMATION IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE RIGHT-RIVER FOREST STEPPE." Agriculture and Forestry, no. 4 (December 18, 2020): 122–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.37128/2707-5826-2020-4-11.
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The results of researches on studying of influence of mulching of soil on formation of a crop of plants of a zucchini in the conditions of the Right - bank Forest - steppe are resulted. The dependence of the phases of growth and development of zucchini plants, the dynamics of fruiting and yield in general on the type of mulching material was revealed. The use of synthetic mulching materials helped to reduce the interphase periods, increase yields and the percentage of early and late harvest. Mulching materials of organic origin extended the interphase periods. Thus, the shorter germination period - the beginning of fruit formation was by mulching the soil with perforated black polyethylene film and black agrofiber, which is 5-8 days shorter than the control, respectively. The longest harvest of zucchini was carried out on options for mulching the soil with black agrofiber and perforated black polyethylene film, depending on the variety, the duration of fruiting ranged from 67-85 days with the value of this indicator in the control 72-77 days. The highest yield was obtained by mulching the soil with perforated black polyethylene film, where the increase relative to the control was 10.9 - 28.0 t / ha, respectively. The highest percentage of harvested early products was provided by options for mulching the soil with black agrofiber and perforated black polyethylene film at the level of 6.6-8.3% in 2016 (control - 0.8-4.1%) and 3.2-5, 0% in 2018, while in the control versions the collection started a decade later. The most intensive fruiting of zucchini was observed from the first decade of July to the first decade of August for all years of research.
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SZEKELY-VARGA, Zsolt, Monica BOSCAIU, Endre KENTELKY, and Maria CANTOR. "Does Mulch Affect Lavender Growth?" Bulletin of University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca. Horticulture 78, no. 1 (2021): 102. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/buasvmcn-hort:2020.0057.
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Lavender cultivation in Romania is continuously increasing due to its outstanding medicinal and ornamental properties. The raw material production of lavender may be increased by mulching. The aim of this study was to analyse how mulching can affect the growth of lavender seedlings. The experiment was performed between 2018-2020 on two varieties of Lavandula angustifolia (‘Codreanca’ and ‘Sevtopolis’). Diameter growth was determined in three types of mulching: unmulched (control), straw and mulch foil. The results obtained showed that lavender diameter growth was influenced by both the type of mulching and the variety.
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G, SUJA, and NAYAR T V R. "Effect of plant density and mulching on grow th and yield of arrowroot (Maranta arundinacea L.)." Madras Agricultural Journal 92, March (2005): 149–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.29321/maj.10.a00025.
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Field experiments were conducted during May-February in 1996-97 and 1997-98 at Central Tuber Crops Research Institute, Sreekariyam, Thiruvananthapuram to study the effect of spacing and mulching on growth, yield and economics of cultivation of arrowroot. Widest spacing ( 60 * 30 cm) favoured vegetative growth profoundly at all stages in both the years. Mulching using any of the materials viz., green leaves, dried leaves or coconut fronds promoted the canopy size and leaf production. Mulching regardless of the material used, significantly promoted rhizome weight in both the years and number of rhizomes in the second year and ultimately proved beneficial for realizing significantly higher rhizome yield. Closer spacing of 30 * 15 cm produced significantly higher rhizome yield. Planting arrowroot at a spacing of 30 * 15 cm to accommodate 2,20,000 plants ha¹ and mulching using green leaves generated maximum net return and benefit cost ratio due to production of high rhizome yield.
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Muhammad, Sajid, Hussain Israr, Ahmad Khan Ijaz, et al. "Influence of Organic Mulches on Growth and Yield Components of Pea's Cultivars." Greener Journal of Agricultural Sciences 3, no. 8 (2013): 652–57. https://doi.org/10.15580/GJAS.2013.8.122912351.
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To study the influence of organic mulches on growth and yield components of pea’s cultivars, an experiment was conducted at the Horticulture farm, Department of Horticulture, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Agricultural University, Peshawar, in 2008. Different pea cultivars (Climax, Green feast and Peshawar local) were allotted to main plot and various mulching materials (sawdust, sugarcane leaves, persimmon leaves, wheat straw and weed check as control) were allotted to subplot. Different growth and yield parameters (% germination, number of pods, plant height (cm), pods yield kg ha-1 and fresh weed biomass) were significantly affected by different pea cultivars. In case of different mulching material showed significance for fresh weed biomass, number of pods, plant height and pods yield kg ha-1. The interaction of organic mulches and pea’s cultivars significantly influenced the % germination, plant height (cm), number of pods and pods yield kg ha-1 but showed a non-significant response to fresh weed biomass (kg ha-1). The pea cultivar Greenfeast showed more % germination (96.07), number of pods (16.50), plant height (102.5 cm), pods yield kgha-1(10497.80 kg) and less fresh weed biomass (289 kg ha-1). Similarly among different mulching material the maximum number of pods (16.80) and pods yield (10638.67 kg ha-1) were obtained in plants grown under the mulch of sawdust. Hence it is concluded that pea cv. Greenfeast having sawdust as mulching material showed best results regarding pea production and weeds control.
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Tahir, Ibrahim I., Eva Johansson, and Marie E. Olsson. "Groundcover Materials Improve Quality and Storability of 'Aroma' Apples." HortScience 40, no. 5 (2005): 1416–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.40.5.1416.
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To decrease the unfavorable effects of herbicides on human health and on the environment, new sustainable mulching methods have been developed. These methods aim to impede weed growth and also result in good yield and high fruit quality. The objective of the present study was to investigate the effects of the replacement of conventional methods (chemical treatments or mechanical) with different groundcover material systems (GCMSs) that use aluminum, bark and black polypropylene on 'Aroma' apple (Malus domestica) fruit maturity and quality, and fruit resistance to bruising and decay. The experiment was carried out from 1995 to 2001. Compared with conventional mulching methods, aluminum mulching was found to control annual weeds more effectively, to increase soil temperature, light reflection, yield, and fruit weight, to decrease bruise occurrence, to intensify and saturate the red coloration of apples, and to increase firmness and acid and sugar contents, resistance to storage disorders and decay after storage and shelf life. The other two used GCMSs, bark and black polypropylene also influenced many yield and quality parameters. However, less positive influences on the different parameters were found for bark compared with aluminum, and the use of black propylene was not favorable compared with the conventional mulching methods. Generally, decreased starch content at early picking dates was found for apples grown with GCMSs, indicating an earlier ripening for these apples compared with apples grown with a conventional mulching system. In summary, aluminum mulching was found to be the best alternative mulching method for production of 'Aroma' apples.
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Abdul Azeez, Saidat Adeola, Christopher Olu Adejuyigbe, Wasiu Babatunde Bello, and Tolulope Olaoluwa Fawole. "EFFECT OF DIFFERENT MULCHING MATERIALS AND RATE OF APPLICATION ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF OKRA (Abelmoschus esculentus L. )." African Journal of Science and Nature 6 (June 14, 2018): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.46881/ajsn.v6i0.145.
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Field trials were conducted at University Organic–Agriculture farm, Federal University of Agriculture Abeokuta in 2011 to determine the response of different mulching materials on growth and yield of okra. It was a 3x3 factorial laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with the main factor as the plant material Chromolaena odorata (CO) Glycine max (GM) and Panicum maximum ( PM) while rate ( 0, 5 and 10t/ha) of mulching materials were applied once before the first cropping was the sub-factor and all were replicated three times. Data were collected on growth parameters and yield attributes of okra (NHAE- 47-4) at first and second planting. The parameters assessed were significantly influenced (P <0.05) by the mulching material and rate of application. Higher values for plant height ( 56.3cm and 60.7cm ) , number of leaves ( 22 and 22) and stem girth (1.5cm and 2.1cm) at 16 weeks after planting (WAP) were obtained during the first and second planting from CO application of 10t/ha. Although, the higher number of flowers ( 14 and 21), number of pods ( 29 and 21) and weight of pods/plant (0.51kg and 0.44kg) were derived from PM when 10t/ha was used at 16 WAP during both plantings. Thus, optimum okra yield were obtained with application of 10t/ha of plant residues, therefore, mulching with PM residues at 10t/ha is recommended for high fruit yield of okra in the region of investigation.
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Palamarchuk, Inna. "SOIL MULCHING AS AN AGRICULTURAL METHOD FOR GROWING ZUCCHINI IN CONDITIONS OF RIGHT BANK FOREST-STEPPE." Agriculture and Forestry, no. 3 (October 30, 2020): 104–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.37128/2707-5826-2020-3-9.
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It has been established that the mulching materials was carried out by influence on the biometric parameters of plants and the production of zucchini yield in the years of research. According to research results, the greatest length of stem in the flowering stage was observed in plants mulching soil with black agro-textile and plastic film, black perforated, varieties Zolotynka – and 63,6 – 61,3 cm, varieties Chaklun and 62,4 – 61,0 cm, where the increase relative to the control was 3,3–5,6 cm. The greatest number of leaves at flowering stage was observed in varieties Zolotynka for soil mulching with black agro-textile – 22,5 PCs/plant, black perforated polyethylene film – 24,0 PCs./plant, which is 4,8 – 6,3 PCs/plant more of the variant without mulch. The variety Chaklun, a significant difference was on the options for soil mulching with black agro-textile – 23,0 PCs/plant and black polyethylene film perforated to 23,5 PCs/plant, 5,4 and 5,9 PCs/plant more control. An important indicator in evaluating biometric parameters of the zucchini is leaf area. The highest it has been for mulching the soil with black agrotextile and plastic film, black perforated, varieties Zolotynka to 6,8 and 7,1 thousand m2/ha, varieties the Sorcerer – 8,2 and 8,5 thousand m2/ha, of 0,7–1,0 and 0,8–1,1 thousand m2/ha more control. Large productivity on average was noted for mulching the soil with black agro-textile and plastic film, black perforated, varieties Zolotynka – of 49,7 and 53,3 t/ha, 7,3 and 10,9 t/ha more control. The variety Chaklun all the studied variants had significantly higher yields, but the highest it has been for mulching the soil with black Agro-textile and plastic film, black perforated – between 90,0 and 97,8 t/ha, respectively, and 20,2 to 28,0 t/ha more in comparison with the control. The greatest number of fruits was noted for mulching the soil with black agro-textile and plastic film black perforated : y grade Zolotynka – 14,7–14,6 PCs/plant, varieties the Chaklun of 26,6–29,8 per PCs/plant. The highest fruit weight was observed in varieties Zolotynka for soil mulching with black agro-textile – 303 g, a polyethylene film, black perforated – 314 g sawdust and – 302 g, which is 15,0–27,0 g more control. The variety Chaklun large mass of the fetus had options for mulching the soil with black agro-textile – 305 g and black perforated polyethylene film – 319 g, which exceeded the control at 14-28 g. The diameter of the fruit greatly from the use of mulching materials did not change, but their use was noted a positive trend. So, for the sorts Zolotynka the diameter of the fruit for soil mulching with different materials grew by 0,1–0,3 cm, for a variety of Chaklun – 0,1-0,2 see. Key words: zucchini, variety, multi-valley material, biometrics, productivity.
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Velza, Jacob Frederick P., Donata L. Valler, John L. Loraña, Edwin L. Alcantara, and Roger Y. Ibañez. "Productivity and Profitability of Tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum M.) Production in Masbate Under Improved Nutrient Management with and without Mulching." International Journal of Multidisciplinary: Applied Business and Education Research 4, no. 1 (2023): 27–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.11594/ijmaber.04.01.04.
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Field trial on tomato production was conducted under two sources of fertilizer through integrated application with and without mulching material to measure the growth, productivity and profitability of the said crop in the province of Masbate. The study was laid in a two-factor factorial Randomized Complete Block Design. Fertilizer treatments were tested in treatment of mulching (rice straw and control). The factorial treatment combinations were as follows: A1B1 - no fertilizer and without mulching; A2B1 - complete fertilizer without mulching; A3B1 - goat manure without mulching; A4B1 - complete fertilizer + goat manure without mulching; A1B2 - no fertilizer and with mulching; A2B2 - complete fertilizer with mulching; A3B2 - goat manure with mulching; A4B2 - complete fertilizer + goat manure with mulching. The study revealed that the treatment that exhibits higher growth (plant height and number of branches) and yield (38.41 t/ha.) is in the treatment under complete fertilizer + goat manure. The same treatment also obtained higher number of fruits (543) and higher number of marketable fruits (424) per treatment with significant difference. In terms of the fruit size, length and diameter of the tomato, complete fertilizer + goat manure shows dominant effect. Profitability showed significant difference between treatments were the complete fertilizer + goat manure, complete fertilizer, goat manure, and control got 1,334, 1,265.15, 517.51 and 52.20 respectively. Therefore, the integration of organic (goat manure) and synthetic fertilizer (Triple 14) will enhance the yield of the tomato in Masbate and it is highly profitable.
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Yanchenko, E. V., D. I. Engalychev, N. A. Engalycheva, and K. L. Alekseeva. "The effect of mulching materials on yield, biochemical composition and preservation of fruits of bell pepper." Vegetable crops of Russia, no. 6 (December 10, 2022): 90–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.18619/2072-9146-2022-6-90-96.
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Introduction. The use of new covering materials is an important modern agrotechnique for cultivating of bell pepper in the open ground, which allows to minimize chemical treatments, increasing the yield, quality and preservation quality of vegetable products.The purpose of this work is to study the effect of various mulching materials (black polyethylene film and spandbond «Agrotex 60 perforated mulch») on the yield of bell pepper and also on biochemical composition of fruits and on their preservation quality in relation to the ripeness phase.Methods. The objects of the study were the fruits of two bell pepper hybrids of domestic and foreign breeding (respectively Nathalie F1 and Anetta F1), grown in the open ground using mulching materials. The experiments were laid according to standard methods adopted in vegetable growing. Storage was carried out in accordance with the methodological guidelines for conducting research on the storage of vegetables.Results. The use of mulching materials contributed to an increase in total yield and the yield of standard products in the crop structure, and also positively affected the accumulation of solids, vitamin C, monosaccharides, disaccharides and as a whole – the sum of sugars. The domestic hybrid Natalie F1 (74.9%), grown using black film as a mulching material, as compared to foreign hybrid Anetta F1 (71.3%), was characterized by better preservation quality. Significant differences in the chemical composition of fruits depending on the ripeness phase were revealed. Fruits laid for storage in full biological ripeness (red) were characterized by an increased amount of weight loss on all storage options. A positive effect on the storage persistence of bell pepper fruits with use of mulching materials on all variants of the experiment was also established.
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He, Tianyi. "Study of Humic Acid Organic Liquid Mulching Film on Promoting Green Agriculture Development." Highlights in Science, Engineering and Technology 91 (April 15, 2024): 30–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/ejgyg049.
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Mulching film is an important measure to promote agricultural production income and increase, the current widely used plastic mulching film has high stability, difficult to decompose, resulting in "agricultural white pollution", the development and application of degradable mulching film has become a solution. This case focuses on the study of organic multifunctional liquid mulching film with humic acid as the main raw material, which plays a unique role in promoting biological activity and soil improvement, the application of "liquid" spray film, the integration of fertilizer, pesticides, mulching film in one multi-functional comprehensive effect, to clarify its functional characteristics, alternative feasibility and the promotion of green agricultural development, and put forward the existing problems and countermeasures. This paper provides technical support and practical demonstration for the elimination of exogenous pollutants in farmland, and looks forward to the broad application prospects of this liquid mulch film in environmental protection and other aspects.
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Henschke, Monika, and Barbara Politycka. "Application of wood chips for soil mulching in the cultivation of ornamental grasses." Folia Horticulturae 28, no. 2 (2016): 187–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/fhort-2016-0022.
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AbstractA mulch is a layer of material applied to the surface of the soil. Mulching plays an important role in the maintenance of green spaces. Organic materials are still sought for the preparation of mulches. Recently interest in wood chips has grown. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of mulching with pine and birch chips on the contents of phenolic compounds in the soil, as well as on the growth and flowering of ornamental grasses –Bouteloua gracilis(Kunth.) Lag. ex Griffiths,Panicum virgatumL. andPennisetum alopecuroidesL. The content of phenolic compounds in the soil steadily increased from spring to autumn. Mulching led to a substantial increase in the level of phenolic compounds. In the first year of cultivation more phenolic compounds were released by chips of pine than birch, while in the second year this difference did not occur. Mulching had a negative impact on the growth and flowering of ornamental grasses, especially in the first year of cultivation. Ornamental grass sensitivity to the substances released from mulches decreased with the age of the plants and was dependent on the species –Bouteloua graciliswas found to be particularly sensitive.
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Qian, Zhuangzhuang, Xiao Sun, Jianshuang Gao, and Shunyao Zhuang. "Effects of Bamboo (Phyllostachys praecox) Cultivation on Soil Nitrogen Fractions and Mineralization." Forests 12, no. 8 (2021): 1109. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f12081109.
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The mineralization of soil organic nitrogen (N) is the key process in the cycling of N in terrestrial ecosystems. Land-use change to bamboo (Phyllostachys praecox) cultivation that later entails organic material mulching combined with chemical fertilizer application will inevitably influence soil N mineralization (Nmin) and availability dynamics. However, the soil Nmin rates associated with various N fractions of P. praecox in response to land-use change and mulching are not well understood. The present study aimed to understand the effects of land-use change to P. praecox bamboo cultivation and organic material mulching on soil Nmin and availability. Soil properties and organic N fractions were measured in a P. praecox field planted on former paddy fields, a mulched P. praecox field, and a rice (Oryza sativa L.) field. Soil Nmin was determined using a batch incubation method, with mathematical models used to predict soil Nmin kinetics and potential. The conversion from a paddy field to P. praecox plantation decreased the soil pH, soil total N, and soil organic matter (SOM) content significantly (p < 0.05); the mulching method induced further soil acidification. The mulching treatment significantly augmented the SOM content by 7.08% compared with the no-mulching treatment (p < 0.05), but it decreased soil hydrolyzable N and increased the nonhydrolyzable N (NHN) content. Both the Nmin rate and cumulative mineralized N were lowest in the mulched bamboo field. The kinetics of Nmin was best described by the ‘two-pool model’ and ‘special model’. The Pearson’s correlation analysis and the Mantel test suggested soil pH was the dominant factor controlling the soil cumulative mineralized N and mineralization potential in the bamboo fields. These findings could help us better understand the N cycling and N availability under mulching conditions for shifts in land use, and provide a scientific basis for the sustainable management of bamboo plantations.
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Jing, Ming, Qiang Kun Li, and Xian Guo Cheng. "Spring Maize Soil Water Evaporation Variation and its Cumulative Evaporation under Different Mulching Material at Arid Region." Advanced Materials Research 518-523 (May 2012): 4649–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.518-523.4649.
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The paper analyzed soil water evaporation variation of spring maize under film and straw mulching. The evaporation had the character of higher at early period and telophase, and lower in the middle. The soil water evaporation was significant different at different mulching material between before and after heading stage. It built an estimation method to cumulative soil water evaporation with spring maize height, and the model could product soil water evaporation early.
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Bezvikonnyi, Petro. "EFFICIENCY OF GROWING OF TABLE BEET ROOTS USINGDIFFERENT METHODS OF MULCHING IN THE CONDITIONS OF THERIGHT-BANK FOREST-STEPPE OF UKRAINE." Scientific Journals of the International Academy of Applied Sciences in Lomza 87, no. 3 (2024): 111–22. https://doi.org/10.58246/77rvrh13.
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The article presents the research results on the impact of different methods of mulching the soil on the growth, development of table beet plants, root yields and their quality indicators in the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. Phenological observations, biometric and physiological-biochemical studies were performed according to the methods of G.L. Bondarenko, K.I. Yakovenko. The research material was the soil of the experimental field - typical leached black soil, low humus, medium loamy on forest-like loams. Bettolo F1 table beet hybrid was used as research objects, as well as various variants of mulch: black and transparent polyethylene film, agrofiber, sawdust and humus. The research was conducted in the research field of the Training and Production Center "Podillia" of State Agrarian and Engineering University in Podilia during 2016-2018. The results of research show that the use of different methods of mulching seedlings with polyethylene film, agrofiber and local organic materials, contributes to the intensification of physiological and biochemical processes occurring in the plant of table beet. Mulching improves the agrophysical properties and nutrient regime of the soil, protects it from leaching and unproductive evaporation, promotes better aeration and permeability. The use of different methods of mulching crops contributes to the growth of the leaf surface of table beets by 4.3-5.8thousand m2 / ha, or 15.5-20.9%, respectively. The most favorable conditions for the formation of the maximum indicator of net productivity of photosynthesis have developed in the case of arablematerials use (sawdust, humus). It should be noted that under the influence of mulching the yield of table beet roots112 increases by 4.7 t / ha, or 14.9%. The use of local organic materials (sawdust, humus) for mulching provided an increase in yield by 11.0-11.1 t / ha or 34.9-35.2% compared to the control. In addition, under the influence of crop mulching there is an increase in the share of marketableproducts, as well as improvement of biochemical and sanitary indicators of root crop quality, which is manifested in an increase in dry matter, sugars, vitamins and nitrates. Further study and improvement should focus on in-depth study of innovative mulching methods using modern high-yielding varieties and hybrids of table beets.
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Pillai-McGarry, UPP, and N. Collis-George. "Laboratory simulation of the surface morphology of self-mulching and non-self-mulching vertisols .2. Quantification of visual features." Soil Research 28, no. 2 (1990): 141. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr9900141.
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Descriptions of the surface morphology of Vertisols presently use subjectively classed, descriptive attributes. A system to quantify the appearance of the soil structural components is required to allow the comparison of soils, and to determine effects of variation in climate and of chemical/physical ameliorants. A non-destructive method of quantifying surface structural features is presented. Ponded and puddled samples of the 0-20 mm surface layer of a self-mulching Vertisol and two non self-mulching Vertisols were subjected to either a continuous drying regime or a sequence of wetting/drying cycles. Structural development with time was assessed by quantifying structural features using photographs of the soil surface. With repeated wetting and drying the self-mulching soil developed crumb material, the smallest shrinkage blocks, and the widest cracks. The non self-mulching soils developed no crumbs and the cracks generally became narrower. The range of structural development in terms of 'good' to 'bad' self-mulching in the laboratory agreed with the soils' behaviour in the field. Within the range of experiments performed, puddled soils did not produce as 'good' a self-mulching surface as non-puddled soils, no matter how many drying/wetting cycles were carried out.
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Aryal, Dipendra, Babu Ram Khanal, Pawan Devkota, and Kiran Kumar Gupta. "Comparative Study on Khar Mulching and Forest Litter Mulching: Soil Nutrient Dynamics in Ginger Cultivation." International Journal of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology 7, no. 3 (2019): 335–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijasbt.v7i3.24482.
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A study conducted to assess the fertility status under Khar(Pragmites karka) and forest litter mulching practices on ginger cultivation. Ginger field with mulching of Khar and ginger field with mulching of forest litter was identified as two strata to collect soil sample. Thirty soil samples collected from each mulching practices. Simple random sampling procedure was followed to collect soil sample within the strata. Soil fertility parameters such as soil pH, Soil organic carbon, Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium were analyzed for different mulching system. Mulching material significantly effect on Soil pH, Soil organic carbon and soil nitrogen. Soil acidity was found lower with forest litter mulch (5.53) but it was found higher for Khar mulch (5.78). Soil organic carbon was found higher in ginger field with Khar mulch (2.31%) and found lower with forest litter mulch (1.97%). Soil nitrogen level was found higher in ginger field with Khar mulch (0.20%) and found lower with forest litter mulch (0.17%). Soil available phosphorus and Potassium were not found significantly different in both type of mulching system. The result obtained from the study indicates that ginger field with Khar mulch result soil with higher soil organic carbon and Nitrogen. Mulching decision can also be made after testing the soil of respective ginger growing field. Appropriate liming could be done so that it could reduce the soil acidity problems.
 Int. J. Appl. Sci. Biotechnol. Vol 7(3): 335-340
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Fracchiolla, Mariano, Eugenio Cazzato, Cesare Lasorella, Salvatore Camposeo, and Stefano Popolizio. "Mulching with almond hull and olive leaves for weed control in fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.) and flower beds." Italus Hortus 28, no. 3 (2021): 59–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.26353/j.itahort/2021.3.5968.
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Weeds are a major problem in cropping systems and in urban areas. The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of organic mulching with olive leaves and almond hulls to control weeds in fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.) and in flower beds (urban areas). A 3-cm thick layer of olive leaves or almond hulls was applied as mulching material in fennel. Control consisted of both an unmulched treatment and a weed free control. Moreover, in a flower bed of a railway station, plots mulched with 3 cm layer of olive leaves and almond hulls were compared with an unmulched treatment. Weed infestation was evaluated and the weights of the whole plant and of the marketable part of fennel (grumolo) measured. Mulching with olive leaves and almond hulls reduced weed infestation in both vegetable crop and flower beds. However, olive leaves reduced the weights of the whole plant and of the grumolo. The adoption of almond hulls and olive leaves as organic mulches could be an effective strategy for weed control. Further investigations should be carried out to assess whether the effectiveness of these mulching materials is mainly due to a mechanical activity or allelopathic compounds also play a significant role in weed suppression
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Ali, M. O., M. A. Kader, S. Yeasmin, M. M. Islam, S. M. A. Alim, and M. S. A. A. Mamun. "Effect of Mulching and Gypsum Fertilizer Application on the Yield of Maize in Salinity Affected Area of Noakhali District, Bangladesh." Journal of Agroforestry and Environment 15, no. 1 (2022): 68–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.55706/jae1509.
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An experiment was conducted at a salinity affected area in Hatiya, Noakhali to investigate the effect of mulching and gypsum fertilizer application on the yield of maize during December 2017 to May 2018. In this experiment two maize varieties, namely BARI hybrid bhutta-9 (V1) and NK-40 (V2) were used as planting material. Two mulching treatments, namely no mulching (M0) and mulching with water hyacinth (M1); and four gypsum levels namely 0 (G0), 50 (G1), 100 (G2) and 150 (G3) kg ha-1 were imposed. NK-40 variety showed higher number of grain lines cob-1 (13.34), number of grains line-1 (35.14), 100-grain weight (32.03 g) and grain yield (7.59 t ha-1) compared to BARI hybrid bhutta-9. Mulching with water hyacinth produced higher 100-grain weight (32.09 g) and grain yield (7.59 t ha-1) as compared to no mulching irrespective of variety. In case of gypsum, the highest grain yield (8.06 t ha-1) was obtained from 150 kg gypsum ha-1. For the interactions among varieties, mulching and gypsum fertilizer levels, the highest number of grains line-1, 100-grain weight and grain yield were 38.02, 34.33 g and 8.96 t ha-1 for V2M1G2 (NK-40, water hyacinth and 100 kg gypsum ha-1) treatment combination. The results revealed that mulching with water hyacinth alone increased 10.64% grain yield as compared to no mulching and application of gypsum fertilizer @ 150 kg ha-1 increased 33.66% grain yield compared to no gypsum application at salinity level (8.21 dSm-1). In case of the interactions among varieties, gypsum levels and mulching, grain yield increased by 65.61% in the variety NK-40 when cultivated with mulched conditions along with the application of gypsum fertilizer @ 100 kg ha-1 at salinity level (8.21 dSm-1). Therefore, it may be concluded that the yield of maize in the saline area of Noakhali, Bangladesh can be increased by adopting mulching technique and gypsum fertilizer application.
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Bo, Liyuan, Xiaomin Mao, and Yali Wang. "Assessing the Applicability of Biodegradable Film Mulching in Northwest China Based on Comprehensive Benefits Study." Sustainability 14, no. 17 (2022): 10584. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su141710584.
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Biodegradable film is a promising alternative to polyethylene film in arid regions, but its use is usually inhibited by its high cost and elusive effects on soil and crop yield. A two-year field experiment was carried out to explore the impact of biodegradable film on soil hydrothermal dynamics, yield, water productivity and economic benefits under three irrigation strategies (full, medium and low irrigation amount) compared with non-mulching and polyethylene film. The comprehensive benefits (economic, technical and ecological) of different film mulching patterns were evaluated using analytic hierarchy process and gray relational analysis methods. The results indicated that increasing irrigation amount could accelerate the degradation of the biodegradable film, with the highest film weight loss rate of 38.8% obtained under full irrigation. Film mulching could mitigate the negative impact of water deficit on crop yield, with the yield of biodegradable film and polyethylene film enhanced by 11.6% and 18.6% compared with non-mulching under low irrigation. Although polyethylene film showed the highest economic benefits, non-mulching showed the highest comprehensive benefits. Only when the price of biodegradable film material dropped to less than 1.37 times that of polyethylene film did the economic benefit of biodegradable film outcompete non-mulching and become a more acceptable and promising farming solution to boosting environmental sustainability.
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Maroof, Tooba, Muneeba Tahir, Noosheen Zahid, et al. "Effect of Different Mulching Materials on Weed Emergence and Quality of Strawberry under Rainfed Conditions." Journal of Applied Research in Plant Sciences 5, no. 02 (2024): 360–79. https://doi.org/10.38211/joarps.2024.05.229.
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Strawberry is one of the most attractive fruits among berries. It possess unique place among cultivated berry fruits due to its attractive red color, taste, flavor and high nutritional value. For commercial production plants are propagated from runners but weed infestation is the biggest problem of strawberry crop. In this regard, the current study was designed to use different mulching materials on weed control, morphological and physico-chemical characteristics of strawberry cv. Chandler under rain fed conditions of Rawalakot. The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with six mulching treatments. Data was recorded for various parameters including weed control, morphological characteristics, physical characteristics and biochemical characteristics. Results showed that maximum weed control (10.33) was found in strawberry plants grown in black polythene mulch. However, maximum survival percentage (95.75), leaves per plant (8.0), flowers per plants (7.33),fruits per plant (5.33), runners per plant(8.33), chlorophyll a (8.55 g/mL), chlorophyll b (9.26 g/mL), total chlorophyll (18.14 g/mL), fruit weight (2.93g), fruit diameter(2.73 cm) were found in strawberry plants grown in mulching material amended with coconut coir. Bio chemicals parameters like total soluble solids (TSS) (8.50%), titratable acidity (TA) (1.89%), vitamin C (0.25 mg/100g), total anthocyanins (40.06 mg/100g), total phenolics (0.60 mg gallic acid/100 g), total flavonoids (2.86 mg/100gFW), and antioxidant activity (0.89 µg/100 mg FW) were also found maximum in plants grown in coconut coir. Based on current findings it can be concluded that mulching material black polythene was found better for weed control and coconut coir was found better for morphological and physico-chemical characteristics of strawberry
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Saren, Serma, and Ankan Das. "Effect of Sulfuric Acid Scarification followed by Organic Mulching for Papaya Seedling Growth and Development, in Pot Culture." Research Biotica 5, no. 3 (2023): 117–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.54083/resbio/5.3.2023/117-121.
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A major obstacle to the development of papaya seeds is the aril, or sarcotesta, which is present in papaya and results in low and sluggish germination. Hence sulfuric acid was applied in order to evaluate its scarifying effect and materials like rice bran, wood chips and saw dust were used as organic mulching material for further facilitating the process of seed germination. The experiment was consisted of seven treatments and each treatment had 3 replications. The treatments were T1 (sulphuric acid scarification for 1 min + Saw dust mulching), T2 (sulphuric acid scarification for 1 min + Wood chips), T3 (sulphuric acid scarification for 1 min + Rice bran mulching), T4 (sulphuric acid scarification for 30 sec + Saw dust), T5 (sulphuric acid scarification for 30 sec + Wood chips), T6 (scarification for 30 sec + Rice bran) and T7 control (water). Experiment was carried on completely randomized design. Total leaf count and their length, number of rootlets, plant height, length of roots, germination percentage and chlorophyll content were the parameters which were observed in periodic intervals of seedling growth. From the entire experiment it can be stated that, acid scarification and use of organic mulches proved good for the papaya seedling development. However, amongst the various treatments, sulphuric acid scarification for one minute with use of wood chips as an organic mulch material was best, documenting proper results for the different attributes.
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Mosnáčková, Katarína, Martin Danko, Alena Šišková, et al. "Complex study of the physical properties of a poly(lactic acid)/poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) blend and its carbon black composite during various outdoor and laboratory ageing conditions." RSC Adv. 7, no. 74 (2017): 47132–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7ra08869h.
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Kuts, Oleksandr, Svetlana Shevchenko, Ivan Semenenko, Evgen Dukhin, Artem Yakovchenko, and Olha Yakovchenko. "Study of the efficiency of sweet potato growing in the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine by different methods of soil mulching." EUREKA: Life Sciences, no. 6 (December 3, 2021): 17–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.21303/2504-5695.2021.002156.
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Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) is a new crop for soil and climatic conditions of Ukraine, the active implementation of which is hindered by the lack of recommendations on technological aspects of cultivation. One of the important technological measures for growing sweet potatoes is the use of soil mulching, which improves the water regime and regulates the thermal regime of the soil; prevention of weed growth and growth of sweet potato shoots to the soil. Thus, the aim of the research is to determine the efficiency of growing sweet potatoes in the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine by different methods of soil mulching.
 Field research was carried out on typical low-humus light loamy chernozem on loess loam.
 It was noted, that when growing sweet potatoes on ridges, the introduction of mulching the soil with black polyethylene film provides more active growth of the vegetative mass throughout the growing season (5.33 shoots/plant with a total length of 252.1 cm), while growing without ridges has a positive effect on plants growth due to the general absence of mulch (2.53 shoots/plant with a total length of 107.8 cm).
 The use of ridges and mulching the soil with black polyethylene film causes the yield of sweet potato tubers at 34.8 t/ha, while the mulching of the soil with straw, the yield was 18.3–21.9 t/ha, without mulching – 13.0–17, 1 t/ha. Mulching with black polyethylene film ensures the accumulation of vitamin C and starch in sweet potato tubers. When growing the culture on ridges by this method of mulching, the maximum level of vitamin C according to the experiment (4.78 mg/100 g) and starch (11.73 %) was noted.
 The introduction of mulching and ridge formation involves additional material and labor costs, but helps to reduce weed control and tuber digging costs. When growing sweet potatoes on ridges with mulching with black polyethylene film, the minimum additional labor costs for the formation of a unit of yield (1.95 man-minutes/kg of tubers) were noted, while without mulching and without ridges this figure was 6.76 man-minute/kg
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Kuts, Oleksandr, Svetlana Shevchenko, Ivan Semenenko, Evgen Dukhin, Artem Yakovchenko, and Olha Yakovchenko. "Study of the efficiency of sweet potato growing in the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine by different methods of soil mulching." EUREKA: Life Sciences, no. 6 (December 3, 2021): 17–24. https://doi.org/10.21303/2504-5695.2021.002156.
Full textAbstract:
Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) is a new crop for soil and climatic conditions of Ukraine, the active implementation of which is hindered by the lack of recommendations on technological aspects of cultivation. One of the important technological measures for growing sweet potatoes is the use of soil mulching, which improves the water regime and regulates the thermal regime of the soil; prevention of weed growth and growth of sweet potato shoots to the soil. Thus, the aim of the research is to determine the efficiency of growing sweet potatoes in the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine by different methods of soil mulching. Field research was carried out on typical low-humus light loamy chernozem on loess loam. It was noted, that when growing sweet potatoes on ridges, the introduction of mulching the soil with black polyethylene film provides more active growth of the vegetative mass throughout the growing season (5.33 shoots/plant with a total length of 252.1 cm), while growing without ridges has a positive effect on plants growth due to the general absence of mulch (2.53 shoots/plant with a total length of 107.8 cm). The use of ridges and mulching the soil with black polyethylene film causes the yield of sweet potato tubers at 34.8 t/ha, while the mulching of the soil with straw, the yield was 18.3–21.9 t/ha, without mulching – 13.0–17, 1 t/ha. Mulching with black polyethylene film ensures the accumulation of vitamin C and starch in sweet potato tubers. When growing the culture on ridges by this method of mulching, the maximum level of vitamin C according to the experiment (4.78 mg/100 g) and starch (11.73 %) was noted. The introduction of mulching and ridge formation involves additional material and labor costs, but helps to reduce weed control and tuber digging costs. When growing sweet potatoes on ridges with mulching with black polyethylene film, the minimum additional labor costs for the formation of a unit of yield (1.95 man-minutes/kg of tubers) were noted, while without mulching and without ridges this figure was 6.76 man-minute/kg
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Gabryś, Tobiasz, Beata Fryczkowska, Joanna Grzybowska-Pietras, and Dorota Biniaś. "Modification and Properties of Cellulose Nonwoven Fabric—Multifunctional Mulching Material for Agricultural Applications." Materials 14, no. 15 (2021): 4335. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14154335.
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The paper describes a method of modifying a commercial viscose nonwoven fabric and its use as a modern mulching material in agriculture. The conducted research confirmed that the proposed modification of the viscose nonwoven fabric could be successfully used as a multipurpose and, above all, completely biodegradable nonwoven crop cover, which will eliminate the problem of disposal after the harvest period. Modified cellulose nonwoven fabric was obtained by staining with NB—BT helion brown, then padding with potassium nitrate (KNO3) solution (used as a fertilizer) and finally coating with polylactide (PLA) solution. The characterisation of the nonwoven fabric included structural analysis, physicochemical properties and mechanical tests. The modified cellulose nonwovens were used in the tunnel cultivation of tomatoes as a heat-retardant, water-absorbing, antiweed mulching material that prevents soil infestation and slowly releases fertilizers.
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Ullangula, Sravanthi Rajeshwar Malavath Shivakrishna Kota Nagaraju Alugoju Thirupathi Islavath Sathish kumar Bollaveni. "Importance o f Mulching i n Agriculture." Science World a monthly e magazine 3, no. 1 (2023): 97–99. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7595546.
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A mulch is a layer of material applied to the surface of soil. Reasons for applying mulch include conservation of soil moisture, improving fertility and health of the soil, reducing weed growth and enhancing the visual appeal of the area.
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Li, Yixin, Jialong Li, Wanting Ma, and Ling Guo. "Comparative Analysis of the Effects of Different Mulching Materials on Microclimate and Fruit Quality in Apricot Orchards." Horticulturae 11, no. 4 (2025): 355. https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae11040355.
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The ‘Diaoganxing’ is the experimental material, with natural grass cover as the control, to compare the effects of 5 different mulching materials. The aim was to identify the most effective mulching type for improving orchard microenvironments and fruit quality. The results demonstrated that waterproof, breathable film and reflective film significantly enhanced orchard microenvironments and fruit quality (p ≤ 0.05). Specifically, the waterproof, breathable film effectively regulated soil temperature and moisture, reducing soil temperature by 4.60% and increasing soil moisture by 17.09% in the 0–60 cm soil layer. Meanwhile, the reflective film optimized light distribution in the mid-lower canopy, increasing light intensity by 161.04–208.71% and reflectance by 2.6–3.3 times. In terms of fruit quality, the reflective film accelerated ripening by 10 d, increased carotenoid content by 15.34%, and achieved a peel color index (CCI) of 6.23. On the other hand, the waterproof breathable film advanced maturation by 7 d and significantly improved vitamin C, soluble sugar, and soluble solids content by 23.26%, 30.77%, and 12.76%, respectively. This study provides a scientific basis for the efficient and high-quality production of apricots in southern Xinjiang through the use of mulching practices.
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Nugmanov, A. H. H., L. M. Titova, I. A. Bakin, and A. V. Zhuravlev. "Biodegradable mulching materials for agriculture: technology and environmental safety." Bulletin of NSAU (Novosibirsk State Agrarian University), no. 1 (April 16, 2024): 95–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.31677/2072-6724-2024-70-1-95-111.
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Soil mulching is a common agricultural technique that reduces moisture loss, suppresses weeds, regulates soil temperature, and generally increases yield. Traditionally, low-density polyethylene is used for these purposes due to its mechanical and barrier properties, resistance to all forms of degradation, simple processing of cover soil, and low cost. However, using polyethylene has several artificial and environmental risks associated with difficult biodegradability, the difficulty of its removal after the harvest cycle, and final disposal. Therefore, there is great interest in the use of biodegradable mulch films. Two groups of materials most suitable for producing biodegradable coatings are polysaccharides of natural origin and biopolymers of synthetic origin. Technological methods for producing biopolymers from raw natural material by extraction from biomass and chemical or biotechnological methods are analyzed. Data are presented on the potential of biodegradable mulch materials of natural origin, films based on polysaccharides, synthetic polymers, and those applied as a solution for possible replacement of traditional mulch materials. A comparison was made of the compositions of biodegradable coatings, their properties, and their effects when used. The prospects and ways of introducing biodegradable film materials into agricultural practice are summarized.
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Zamir, M. S. I., H. M. R. Javeed, W. Ahmed, et al. "Effect of Tillage and Organic Mulches on Growth, Yield and Quality of Autumn Planted Maize (Zea Mays L.) and Soil Physical Properties." Cercetari agronomice in Moldova 46, no. 2 (2013): 17–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10298-012-0080-z.
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Abstract The research work was conducted to see the effect of organic mulches and tillage practices on growth, yield and quality of autumn planted maize and soil physical properties. Four types of tillage practices i.e. conventional tillage, zero tillage, bar harrow tillage, subsoiler tillage and two types of mulching material i.e. wheat straw mulch and saw dust mulch was used. The mulching material was partially incorporated in the field after germination of crop. The experiment was carried out in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. Control treatment was kept for comparison. All other practices were kept uniform throughout the crop period. Data about growth and yield components were collected and analyzed statistically by fisher analysis of variance and treatment significance was measured by significant difference test at 5v% level. The results showed that zero tillage + wheat straw mulch gave maximum 1000-grain weight (341.67 g) and grain yield (6.33 t ha-1) and it was followed by conventional tillage + saw dust mulch (4.92 t ha-1). Higher protein content was recorded in Subsoiler tillage (10.26 %). Conducive soil physical conditions were observed in the zero tillage practices over the other tillage practices. On the basis of these results it could be proposed that the tillage and mulching is a very important practice to increase the yield of crop. Among different practices, zero tillage with wheat straw mulching gave maximum yield and net benefits.
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Devi, K. Nandini, Naidu Bhargavi Naga Kalyani, J. Lhungdim, et al. "Response of rainfed Indian mustard to different tillage practices and mulching." International Journal of Agricultural and Applied Sciences 3, no. 2 (2022): 60–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.52804/ijaas2022.3211.
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A field experiment was conducted during the rabi season of 2019 at College of Agriculture, Central Agricultural University, Imphal, Manipur. The experiment included the combination of two soil tillage systems viz., Conventional Tillage (L1) and Minimum Tillage (L2) and four different mulching materials viz., No mulch (M1); Rice straw mulch (M2); Polythene mulch (M3) and Tree leave mulch (M4). The Experiment was laid out in a split-plot design with different levels of tillage (main plot), and mulching materials (subplot) and each treatment were replicated thrice. The growth and yield of Indian mustard were influenced by different tillage practices and mulching. Maximum plant height (165.33 cm.), number of siliquae per plant (197) and seed yield (1790 kg/ha ) and oil yield (692 kg/ha) were recorded in a combination of (L1M3) which received in Conventional tillage + Polythene mulch and minimum seed yield was recorded in a combination of (L2M1) 1441 kg/ha which received in Minimum tillage + No mulch. Maximum harvest index was recorded in a combination of (L1M2) 27.50% which was received in Conventional tillage +Rice straw mulch and minimum harvest index was recorded in a combination of (L1M4) 24.13% which was received in Conventional tillage + Tree leaves to mulch. The highest benefit-cost ratio (0.72) was recorded in Minimum tillage + Rice straw mulch because there was less input cost for tillage or ploughing activities and mulching material cost. The highest energy use efficiency, and energy productivity but lowest specific energy was observed in Minimum tillage with No mulch and energy use efficiency, and energy productivity but highest specific energy was observed in Minimum tillage with Rice straw mulch.
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M. Akpalu, M., G. K. Ofosu-Budu, F. K. Kumaga, K. Ofori, and E. Oppong-Danso. "Mulching and Irrigation Practices on Cocoa Seedling Survival and Field Establishment." Journal of Agriculture and Crops, no. 68 (October 22, 2020): 126–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.32861/jac.68.126.132.
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Irrigation experiments of cocoa tend to concentrate on yield of matured cocoa trees compared to field establishment of young seedlings. Seedling survival leading to optimum population density are fundamental to obtaining maximum yield of crops. The aim of this experiment was to determine the effect of mulching and irrigation on survival of hybrid cocoa clone raised in three different growing media during the establishment phase. The experimental design was a 2 x 2 x 3 factorial arranged in a split-split plot design, with irrigation as the main plot factor, mulching as the subplot factor and growing media as the sub-sub plot factor with three replications. Cocoa pod husk (CPH) was used as the mulching material and each plant received 5kg at a rate of 5.6 t/ha. Irrigation was done daily by applying 4L of water except when it rains. Data was collected on soil moisture, plant height, leaf number, stem girth and plant survival. Results indicated that irrigation and mulching significantly (P<0.01) enhanced soil moisture. Cocoa seedlings raised in topsoil, mulched and irrigated significantly (P<0.05) increased survival rate (94.5%) compared to seedlings raised in soil without irrigation and no mulching (47.1%). Similarly, the survival rate of seedlings raised in growing media M2, mulched and irrigated (93.0%) was significantly (P<0.05) higher than similar seedlings without irrigation (73.4%). However, the survival rate of seedlings raised in M3 without mulching but irrigated was significantly (<0.05) higher 92.1% compared to seedlings raised in M3 mulched and irrigated 67.1%. Irrigation is very important in ensuring high survival rate during early field establishment. Mulching with cocoa pod husk without irrigation did not improve cocoa seedling survival.
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Nalla, Sripriyanka N., M. Veeranagouda, Sushilendra k, and Vijayakumar Palled. "EFFECT OF STRAW MOISTURE ON PERFORMANCE OF MULCHER IN PADDY STUBBLE FIELD." JOURNAL OF ECO-FRIENDLY AGRICULTURE 18, no. 2 (2023): 412–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.48165/jefa.2023.18.02.35.
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Globally, most popularised issue is burning of crop residues which has an adverse effect on the environment and human health. According to the estimates of Sardar Patel Renewable Energy Research Institute (2004), about 72 Mt crop residues are burnt on-farm. Apart from burning, the crop residues have several uses viz., soil mulching, manure, power generation, animal feed etc. Hence, straw mulching in paddy stubble field was studied based on the effect of straw moisture on mulching parameters viz., length of chopped material, cutting efficiency and uniformity of spreading. The moisture content of paddy was taken at intervals after harvesting of crop i.e., 20, 30 and 40 days after harvest. The straw moisture content at these intervals are found to be 15, 19 and 24 percent respectively. The length of chopped material increased linearly with straw moisture content and varied from 15 to 24 cm. There is a decreasing trend of cutting efficiency with increase in straw moisture content and varied from 65 to 86 percent. The uniformity of spreading varied from 79.53 to 94.56 percent and decreased with increase in straw moisture content.
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Jeong, Ukhan, Taeyoung Jang, Dohee Kim, and Eun Ju Cheong. "Classification and Identification of Pinecone Mulching in Blueberry Cultivation Based on Crop Leaf Characteristics and Hyperspectral Data." Agronomy 14, no. 4 (2024): 785. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy14040785.
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While crushed pinecone mulch holds promise as a beneficial material for blueberry cultivation, research on its effectiveness remains limited. Crop leaf characteristics can serve as parameters for assessing mulching effects, although there are several limitations, including the need to analyze various distinct characteristics separately. The combination of hyperspectral data and machine learning techniques is expected to enable the selection of only the most important features among these characteristics. In this study, we investigated the impact of various mulching treatments utilizing pine tree byproducts, including crushed pinecones. Mulching variations included non-mulching (NM), crushed pinecones (PCs), a mixture of crushed pinecones and sulfur (PCS), pine needles (PNs), and sulfur treatment (S). Conventional methods were employed to measure leaf growth (length and width) and physiological characteristics (chlorophyll content, chlorophyll fluorescence, and stomatal conductance). Hyperspectral reflectance was also measured, and classification models using Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis (PLS-DA) and eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) were developed for crop characteristics, vegetation indices (VIs), visible and near-infrared (VNIR), and short-wave infrared (SWIR). The results showed that using crushed pinecones as the sole mulching material for blueberries, without sulfur treatment, had a positive impact on blueberry growth. The PC treatment exhibited a dual effect on plant growth by lowering the soil pH to 5.89 and maintaining soil moisture within the range of 26.33–35.20%. We observed distinct differences in soil inorganic nutrient content, with higher concentrations of organic matter, total nitrogen, and available P2O5 and K+, which positively influenced blueberry growth. Mulching treatments demonstrated superior physiological characteristics, with two classification models identifying stomatal conductance (gs) as a key parameter influencing treatment classification (VIP scores > 1 rank: 3, variable score rank: 1). The photochemical reflectance index (PRI) emerged as a major parameter among VIs, showing potential for measuring water stress (VIP scores > 1 rank: 2, variable score rank: 1). In the SWIR PLS-DA model, wavelength peaks were mainly observed in the O-H overtone (1410 nm, 1450 nm, 1930 nm, 1940 nm, and 2100 nm). Overall, crushed pinecones were found to positively impact the initial growth of blueberries by enhancing water status (plant respiration).
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Abraham, Mini, Bhindhu P S, Deepa Thomas, et al. "Optimizing Soil Moisture, Mulching, and Spacing for Yield and Water Productivity in Irrigated Elephant Foot Yam (Amorphophallus paeoniifolius)." International Journal of Environment and Climate Change 14, no. 10 (2024): 370–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ijecc/2024/v14i104492.
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Aims: To standardize crop spacing and irrigation requirements under different mulching situation for better yield and water productivity. Study Design: The experiment was designed in RBD with two replications. Place and Duration of Study: The experiment was conducted at Agronomic Research Station, Kerala Agriculture University (KAU), Chalakudy for three consecutive years from 2016 -17, 2017 – 18 and 2018 – 2019. Methodology: Study conducted with 18 treatments, includes three levels of irrigation, three types of mulching and with two different crop spacing. Observations on weed count and weed dry matter production were also taken to study the effect of different mulches on weed growth. Biometric observations of crop growth and yield were recorded. Results: Observations on biometric characters revealed that both the height and diameter of the crop canopy were significantly influenced by mulching and found to be highest in the plot where leaf was used as the mulching material and the yield of Amorphophallus during 2016 - 2017 showed that corm weight was greatly influenced by irrigation levels, mulching and spacing. Corm yield was lowest in the plot where irrigation frequency was once in three days (21.02 t/ha). Yield in leaf mulched plot was 38.11 t/ha while in plastic mulched and no mulched plots were 23.50 and 19.50 t/ha. Effect of treatments on water productivity and BC ratio showed that leaf mulching of the crop has significant effect. In leaf mulched plot, water productivity in 2016-17 was 2.03 while it was only 1.854 and 0.886 in 2017-18 and 2018-19. Similarly, BC ratio was highest for leaf mulched plot followed by no mulch and plastic mulch plot. Conclusion: The experimental results from 2016 -17, 2017 – 18 and 2018 – 2019, showed that Amorphophallus planted at a spacing of 90 cm x 90 cm, irrigated at a frequency of once in three days along with leaf mulching can increase the yield and water productivity along with effective control of weed population.