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Journal articles on the topic 'Mullerian duct'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 26 July 2025

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1

Niranjan, Richa, A. K. Singh, and Anjoo Yadav. "Embryological basis of malformed female genital tract and various classifications." National Journal of Clinical Anatomy 03, no. 03 (2014): 150–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-3401756.

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AbstractDevelopmental anomalies of the Mullerian duct system represent some of the most fascinating disorders that obstetricians and gynaecologists encounter. The uterus is formed during embryogenesis by the fusion of the two paramesonephric ducts (Mullerian ducts). This process usually fuses the two Mullerian ducts into a single uterine body, but fails to take place in the affected women who maintain their double Mullerian systems. A bicornuate uterus is a type of a uterine malformation where upper part of uterus forms two horns. The fusion process of upper part of Mullerian duct is altered.

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2

Izhar, Shabnam, Purnima Singh, and Kusum Gupta. "Persistent Mullerian Duct Syndrome." Annals of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine 6, no. 8 (2019): C91–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.21276/apalm.2559.

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3

Dr., Labiha Ayesha Shaikh Fayazoddin1 Dr. Gopal Rathi2 Dr. Ashutosh Chitnis3 Dr. Gayatri Patil4. "A case series of mullerian duct anomalies – Diagnostic Journey." International Journal of Medical Science in Clinical Research and Review 8, no. 02 (2025): 361–72. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15227194.

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<strong><u>ABSTRACT</u></strong>: Mullerian duct anomalies are rare affecting approximately 1%females with 3% having poor reproductive outcome. These congenital anomalies result due to failure of formation or failure of fusion of the mullerian ducts. According to the American Fertility Society (AFS), the mullerian duct anomalies are classified into seven different categories. Ultrasound is the first imaging investigation in cases of suspected mullerian anomalies while MRI is the key imaging modality of choice due to its capabilities of demonstrating the female genital tract remarkably well and

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4

Kovarsky, S. L., Yu V. Petrukhina, S. P. Blokh, A. I. Zakharov, and A. A. Bebenina. "Mullerian ducts derivatives in abdominal cryptorchism in children." Andrology and Genital Surgery 22, no. 4 (2021): 77–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.17650/1726-9784-2021-22-4-77-85.

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Disorder of sex determination is a condition associated with clinical and biochemical discrepancy between genetic, gonadal, and phenotypic sex of a child requiring detailed examination for final selection of sex. Indications for sex determination can arise both in infancy and during puberty. Several conditions pertaining to abnormal sex differentiation are manifested as normal male genitalia with Mullerian ducts derivatives.The study objective is to present clinical observations of children with persistent Mullerian duct syndrome.The study presents 2 clinical cases of children with disorders o

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5

Sawai, Devyani, Susheel Kumar Sharma, Devashish Singh Sawai, Uttkarsha Sawai, Sangeeta Sharma, and Ajay Sharma. "Pregnancy in uterus didelphys delivered by caesarean section: a case report." International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 6, no. 11 (2017): 5166. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20175048.

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The aim of this study is to report a rare case of pregnancy in uterus didelphys. Mullerian duct anomalies are congenital defects of the female genital system that arise from abnormal embryological development of the Mullerian ducts. A didelphys uterus, also known as double uterus is one of the least common amongst the various Mullerian duct anomalies. It results from complete failure of fusion of Mullerian ducts. There is presence of double uterine bodies with two separate cervices and often double or septate vagina. We report the case in our institute of a pregnancy in the left sided body of

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6

ARA, SARWAT, and TASNEEM ALI. "MULLERIAN DUCT ANOMALIES;." Professional Medical Journal 19, no. 05 (2012): 723–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2012.19.05.2328.

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Background: Müllerian duct anomalies (MDAs) occur with an incidence estimated to be 4.3%. A unicornuate uterus with orwithout a rudimentary horn; is a type of mullerian duct abnormality with a frequency of 0.4%. Rudimentary horn pregnancies are rare obstetriccomplication and may cause difficulty in diagnosis and subsequent management. Objective: To alert about Mullerian duct abnormalitiesespecially unicornuate uterus with or without rudimentary horn. Design: Case series. Setting: Study was conducted in the department ofGynecology and obstetrics unit1, Allied Hospital Faisalabad. Duration of st

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7

TAHIRA, TASNIM. "MULLERIAN DUCT ANOMALIES." Professional Medical Journal 17, no. 04 (2010): 676–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2010.17.04.3021.

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Aim: The aim of this study was to analyze various presentations of mullerian duct anomalies & to determine its impact on reproductive outcome. Setting: Gynae Unit 1, Allied Hospital, PMC Faisalabad. Period: from 01-06-2007 to 31-12-2008. Design: Case Series Methods: A total of 40 patients were included in study. Their detailed history & examination was done. Relevant investigations TVS, IVU & MRI were done to diagnose mullerian duct malformations. Results: 16 patients (40%) presented with obstructive genital tract malformation while 8 patients (20%) presented with absence of uterus

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8

Allard, S., P. Adin, L. Gouedard, et al. "Molecular mechanisms of hormone-mediated Mullerian duct regression: involvement of beta-catenin." Development 127, no. 15 (2000): 3349–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.127.15.3349.

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Regression of the Mullerian duct in the male embryo is one unequivocal effect of anti-Mullerian hormone, a glycoprotein secreted by the Sertoli cells of the testis. This hormone induces ductal epithelial regression through a paracrine mechanism originating in periductal mesenchyme. To probe the mechanisms of action of anti-Mullerian hormone, we have studied the sequence of cellular and molecular events involved in duct regression. Studies were performed in male rat embryos and in transgenic mice overexpressing or lacking anti-Mullerian hormone, both in vivo and in vitro. Anti-Mullerian hormone

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9

Pandya, Manish R., Ghanshyam K. Gorvadiya, and Jeel A. Modesara. "Accessory fallopian tube –A rare anomaly." Indian Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology Research 10, no. 1 (2023): 88–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.18231/j.ijogr.2023.020.

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Accessory fallopian tube is a rare, congenital and developmental mullerian duct anomaly. The documented incidence is around 6-10% in women seeking for infertility treatment. We observed accessory fallopian tube in a patient during routine checking of operative field, ovaries and fallopian tube during caesarean section. Accessory fallopian tube is congenital anomaly which is attached with ampullary part of main fallopian tube. Accessory fallopian tube is common site for pyosalpinx, hydrosalpinx, cystic swelling and torsion which can lead to infertility and other complications. The ovum released

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10

Renu, Divya, GaneshB Rao, K. Ranganath, and Namitha. "Persistent mullerian duct syndrome." Indian Journal of Radiology and Imaging 20, no. 1 (2010): 72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0971-3026.59761.

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11

Khurana, Anuj, Bhawna Narula, and Neeraj Prakash. "Persistent mullerian duct syndrome." Indian Journal of Pathology and Microbiology 52, no. 4 (2009): 546. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0377-4929.56160.

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12

DASARI, MADHAVI. "PERSISTENT MULLERIAN DUCT SYNDROME." International Journal of Biomedical Research 4, no. 2 (2013): 124. http://dx.doi.org/10.7439/ijbr.v4i2.771.

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13

Alwabari, Abdullah, Lalit Parida, and Ahmed H. Al-Salem. "Persistent Mullerian duct syndrome." Annals of Pediatric Surgery 9, no. 1 (2013): 37–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.xps.0000422586.36455.13.

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14

Rizk, D. E. E., M. Ezimokhai, A. S. Hussein, S. Gerami, and P. Deb. "Persistent Mullerian duct syndrome." Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics 261, no. 2 (1998): 105–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004040050208.

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15

Mogalapu, Samuel F., H. B. Shobha, R. M. Kumar, et al. "Persistent Mullerian duct syndrome." Journal of the Anatomical Society of India 65 (September 2016): S86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jasi.2016.08.272.

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16

Köksal, S., H. Tokmak, HB Tibet, and E. Olgun. "PERSISTENT MULLERIAN DUCT SYNDROME." International Journal of Clinical Practice 49, no. 5 (1995): 276–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1742-1241.1995.tb09979.x.

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17

Gautam, Monika, Meenakshi Chauhan, Vani Malhotra, Sushila Chaudhary, Sarika Gautam, and Menka Verma. "Endometriosis and adenomyosis in a Mullerian agenesis patient: A delayed presentation." Asian Journal of Medical Sciences 15, no. 8 (2024): 179–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v15i8.66387.

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Mullerian duct anomalies are developmental anomalies resulting from failure in organogenesis, fusion, or the reabsorption of the paired Mullerian ducts. Endometriosis and Mullerian anomalies have a high coincidence rate. Obstructive uterine malformations with functioning endometrium have higher chances of co-incident endometriosis. Continuous bleeding into functional uterine remnants can lead to the formation of hematometra, endometriosis, and adenomyosis. We report a case of primary amenorrhea who reported 18 years after vaginoplasty with pain abdomen due to the presence of endometriosis in b

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18

Monika Gautam, Meenakshi Chauhan, Vani Malhotra, Sushila Chaudhary, Sarika Gautam, and Menka Verma. "Endometriosis and adenomyosis in a Mullerian agenesis patient: A delayed presentation." Asian Journal of Medical Sciences 15, no. 8 (2024): 179–81. https://doi.org/10.71152/ajms.v15i8.3835.

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Mullerian duct anomalies are developmental anomalies resulting from failure in organogenesis, fusion, or the reabsorption of the paired Mullerian ducts. Endometriosis and Mullerian anomalies have a high coincidence rate. Obstructive uterine malformations with functioning endometrium have higher chances of co-incident endometriosis. Continuous bleeding into functional uterine remnants can lead to the formation of hematometra, endometriosis, and adenomyosis. We report a case of primary amenorrhea who reported 18 years after vaginoplasty with pain abdomen due to the presence of endometriosis in b

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19

Okada, A., T. Sato, Y. Ohta, DL Buchanan, and T. Iguchi. "Effect of diethylstilbestrol on cell proliferation and expression of epidermal growth factor in the developing female rat reproductive tract." Journal of Endocrinology 170, no. 3 (2001): 539–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1677/joe.0.1700539.

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To evaluate mechanisms of cell proliferation in the fetal female rat reproductive tract, diethylstilbestrol (DES) effects on cell division and estrogen receptor (ER), epidermal growth factor (EGF) and EGF receptor (EGF-R) expressions were determined from gestational day (GD) 15.5 to 21.5. Reproductive tracts were evaluated within three regions along the Mullerian duct axis; these were proximal, middle and caudal, which differentiate into oviduct, uterus and upper vagina respectively. In fetuses from non-treated dams, epithelial and mesenchymal proliferation, as evaluated by 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuri

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20

M, Azarabadi, Heydari S, Rouhani S, and Ghane Ezabadi M. "Persistent Mullerian Duct Syndrome in a Man with Unilateral Cryptorchidism : A Case Report." Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 15, no. 6 (2021): 2037–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs211562037.

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Introduction: Persistent Mullerian duct syndrome is a rare form of male pseudo-hermaphroditism characterized by the presence of Mullerian duct structures in an otherwise phenotypically, as well asgenotypically, normal man; only a few cases have been reported in the worldwide literature. A greatvariety of organs have been found in indirect inguinal hernial sacs. Case presentation: We report a case of 28 year old man, father of 2 children with unilateral cryptorchidism on the left side and testis and painful left groin mass. we found uterine tissue extending through the inguinal canal. Conclusio

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21

Bhatara, U., R. Padmasri, and R. Begum. "Mullerian Duct Cyst in Vagina Mimicking as Rectocele." Nepal Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 10, no. 2 (2016): 77–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njog.v10i2.14345.

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Mullerian duct cysts of vagina are rare. Precise diagnosis of Mullerian cyst of vagina requires clinical, radiological and histopathological examination. Here case of Mullerian cyst is presented which was mimicking rectocele and main complaint during presentation was difficulty in intercourse.

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22

Haroon, Dr Quratulain, Dr Raisa Altaf, Dr Sadaf Nasir, and Dr Awais Ansari. "Unicornuate Uterus with Non-Communicating Rudimentary Uterine Horn on MRI: A Case Report." International Journal of Innovative Research in Medical Science 10, no. 02 (2025): 77–79. https://doi.org/10.23958/ijirms/vol10-i02/2020.

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Uterine anomalies resulting from abnormal embryologic development of the Mullerian ducts are often detected incidentally on imaging for other indications. This case report presents the finding of a non-communicating rudimentary uterine horn on MRI in a 31-year-old married female, along with a discussion of the typical imaging features, clinical implications, and management considerations for this rare anomaly. This report highlights the crucial role of imaging in diagnosing Mullerian duct abnormalities.

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23

Agarwal, Manju, Rakhee Soni, and Madhureema Verma. "Unicornuate uterus with functional non communicating rudimentary horn: a refractory cause of dysmenorrhea." International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 9, no. 2 (2020): 874. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20200398.

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Mullerian duct anomalies are rare. Unicornuate uterus with a non-communicating rudimentary horn is a rare type of mullerian duct anomaly which occurs due to defective fusion of malformed duct with contralateral duct. The incidence is approximately 1:100000. Patient usually remain asymptomatic due to the absence of functional endometrium in most of the cases. If the rudimentary uterine horn has an endometrium lined uterine cavity and doesn’t communicate externally then the signs and symptoms of obstructed menstruation appears, as soon as menarche begins. It will be associated with severe dysmen

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24

Jain, Abhilasha, Palak Gandhi, Jagannathan Krishnan, and Jay Ghetiya. "Persistent Mullerian Duct Syndrome with Malignant Conversion of Mullerian Remnant." Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Care 7, no. 2 (2022): 435–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.31557/apjcc.2022.7.2.435-438.

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A case report of a very rare entity of persistent Müllerian duct syndrome with malignant transformation of Mullerian remnant is presented. A twenty-two-year-old phenotypically normal male presented with complain of hematuria and lower abdominal pain. On examination patient had bilateral cryptorchidism and on imaging bilateral duplication of pelvicalyceal system and ureters and left sided ureterocoele. There was a malignant mass lesion with metastatic lymphadenopathy in pelvis. The diagnosis of persistent Mullerian duct syndrome was suspected on MRI pelvis and confirmed by genetic and pathologi

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25

Mohsin, Nisa. "Double uterus with single cervix." Professional Medical Journal 27, no. 05 (2020): 1089–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2020.27.05.3960.

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Mullerian duct anomalies are congenital defects of female genital system that arise from abnormal embryological development of the mullerian ducts. A didelphys uterus, also known as double uterus is one of the least common amongst mullein duct anomalies. This report discuss a case of 25 years old girl, married since 6 years with one missed miscarriage 4 years back. Her complains were severe dysmenorrhea and dyspareunia. Ultrasound scans showed double uterus with left ovarian endometriosis cyst. On laparotomy there was right sided communicating rudimentary uterus with small fallopian tube and n

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26

Ambrosi, Francesca, Michelangelo Fiorentino, Francesco Chessa, et al. "Persistent Mullerian duct syndrome: Report of two cases with phenotypical immunohistochemical profiling." Urologia Journal 85, no. 4 (2018): 177–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0391560317749426.

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Introduction: Persistent Mullerian duct syndrome is a rare disorder of male organ development characterized by internal male pseudohermaphroditism. Persistent Mullerian duct syndrome is usually an incidental finding in patients presenting cryptorchidism, inguinal hernia, or a previous story of undescended testes. Case description: We report on two cases of persistent Mullerian duct syndrome: an adult fertile male with uterus and ectopic prostate occurring as pelvic mass and a 75-year-old organ donor with uterus and two fallopian tubes, discovered in course of organ recruitment. We performed ro

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27

Kanhai, Daniel Josh. "Mullerian Duct Defect: Uterus Didelphys." TEXILA INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 3, no. 2 (2018): 10–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.21522/tijbms.2016.03.02.art003.

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28

Marcal, Leonardo, Maria Angela Nothaft, Francisco Coelho, Richard Volpato, and Revathy Iyer. "Mullerian duct anomalies: MR imaging." Abdominal Imaging 36, no. 6 (2011): 756–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00261-010-9681-x.

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29

Chinya, Abhishek, Prince Raj, Shandip Kumar Sinha, and Yogesh Kumar Sarin. "Symptomatic Mullerian Duct Cyst in a Male Infant." APSP Journal of Case Reports 7, no. 4 (2016): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.21699/ajcr.v7i4.449.

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Symptomatic Mullerian duct cyst is a rare entity in children. A 9-month-old male infant presented with bowel and urinary obstructive symptoms. Imaging investigations revealed a cystic mass in the rectovesical pouch compressing bladder neck and rectum. At laparotomy, a Mullerian duct cyst was found. Most of the cyst was excised and the remaining cyst mucosa was cauterized. The child improved thereafter.

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30

Sharma, Medhavi, Gaurav Sharma, and Shivangi Varshney. "A rare case scenario of didelphic uterus with ovarian serous cystadenocarcinoma: an unusual clinical finding." International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 12, no. 4 (2023): 1172–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20230837.

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Uterine didelphys in women is uncommon. The improper development of the Mullerian ducts during the intrauterine period leads to congenital abnormalities of the female genital system. Mullerian duct canalization or improper fusion leads to a didelphic uterus. About 60% of ovarian neoplasms are epithelial in origin, and the surface epithelium is typically most affected. This case report describes the management of a patient who had previously undergone two caesarean sections for a rare gynecological case of didelphic uterus with unilateral serous cystadenocarcinoma of the ovary.

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31

Vashistha, Aditi, Suchika Agrawal, Surbhi Patidar, and P. K. Roy. "Mullerian Duct Anomaly: Two Patients in Adolescent Age in C. R. Gardi Hospital." Central India Journal of Medical Research 2, no. 02 (2023): 27–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.58999/cijmr.v2i02.66.

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Clinical manifestations of Mullerian duct abnormalities vary greatly and can range from isolated abnormalities of a single reproductive organ to multiorgan aplasia. An early and precise diagnosis is essential because untreated symptoms may result in pelvic endometriosis, retrograde tubal reflux, and infertility. MRI and ultrasonography are the imaging modality that accurately helps in the diagnosis of mullerian duct anomalies. Two interesting cases came to C. R. Gardi OPD with Mullerian duct anomalies. The first case came with dysmenorrhea and a lower abdominal palpable mass upto 14 wk size wa

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32

Christopher, Laima, Mohammed Aboki Farida, Akeem Azeez Olakunle, and Eni Amarachi. "Didelphys Uterus Presenting with Primary Amenorrhoea, Transverse Vaginal Septum and Bilateral Polycystic Ovaries: A Case Report." Jewel Journal of Medical Sciences 1, no. 2 (2021): 204–7. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5579124.

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<strong>Introduction</strong>- Various presentations of Mullerian ducts anomalies have been reported in the literature. This is a case report of Didelphys Uterus with a transverse vaginal septum and bilateral polycystic ovaries which was initially misdiagnosed as appendicitis and urolithiasis. Uterine didelphys constitutes 8.3% of all Mullerian duct anomalies. This index case was associated with polycystic ovaries which was not described in the classification of Mullerian ducts anomalies by the American Fertility Society. The delayed in diagnosis might have constituted distress and additional

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33

Kumari, Rajesh, Ashita Aggarwal, Nisha, et al. "Navigating a Rare Presentation: Case Report of a Large Gartner’s Duct Cyst." Archives of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 5, no. 3 (2024): 124–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.33696/gynaecology.5.070.

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Background: Mullerian ducts form the female genital tract and wolffian ducts form the male genital tract. In females, sometimes the wolffian duct persists and form the Gartner duct and its total or partial occlusion results in the formation of Gartner’s cyst. It is typically small and asymptomatic and occurs along the antero-lateral wall of vagina. Methods and Results: We report a case of 40-year-old woman who presented with a big mass coming out per vaginum. After examination, she was provisionally diagnosed as Gartner duct cyst, excision was done and confirmed as a case of Gartner’s duct cys

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34

Navya S. Joy, Adaline Thangam T. F., Minnu Dev, and Rini Francis. "Mullerian duct cyst mimicking cervical elongation." International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 12, no. 5 (2023): 1494–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20231249.

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Diagnosis of Mullerian duct cyst is determined by histopathological examination. Describe a case of a mass descending per vaginum in a 28-year-old lady that was originally misdiagnosed as an elongation of the cervix's anterior lip. Under anaesthesia, carried out surgical intervention that included complete excision of the mass via a vaginal route. Pathology result confirmed a benign Mullerian cyst histologically bordered by a single layer of ciliated columnar epithelial cells.

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35

Subburaj, Lakshmi, and K. Rajkumar. "Laparoscopic metroplasty for bicornuate uterus – A case report." Indian Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology Research 8, no. 2 (2021): 279–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.18231/j.ijogr.2021.059.

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Bicornuate uterus is a type of mullerian duct anomaly which is responsible for recurrent spontaneous first trimester abortions. They are best managed surgically using Strassman’s metroplasty. We present a case of recurrent spontaneous abortions which was diagnosed as bicornuate uterus. We performed a laparoscopic metroplasty which was successful and did not encounter complications like adhesions or hemorrhage. The advantages of laparoscopic metroplasty outweighs the challenges in restoring fertility status to women with mullerian duct anomalies.

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36

Keshri, Rupesh, Digamber Chaubey, Chandrakant Maurya, Vivek Kumar, Sourabh Chandrabhushan Sharma, and Sandip Kumar Rahul. "Transverse testicular ectopia with persistent mullerian duct syndrome: A case series." Yemen Journal of Medicine 03, no. 03 (2024): 265–68. https://doi.org/10.63475/j.yjom.2024.031.

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Transverse testicular ectopia with persistent mullerian structures is seldom seen. Although treatment for this condition is well defined, it is very important to suspect persistent mullerian duct syndrome in cases where both testes are found on the same side. We discuss three unusual cases which presented with nonpalpable undescended testis on one side and a hernia with two gonads and persistent mullerian structures on the other side.

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37

Sonawane, Pundalik, Archana Waghela, and Supriya Gaikwad. "Rare case of hematometra in rudimentary horn of unicornuate uterus after tubal ligation." International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 7, no. 9 (2018): 3881. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20183813.

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Congenital anomalies of the uterus and vagina are associated with a high incidence of infertility and multiple obstetric problems. Unicornuate uterus with rudimentary horn is a rare mullerian duct anomaly of female genital tract with incidence of 1/100000. It usually develops following insufficient development of mullerian ducts. These patients present with dysmenorrhea, dyspareunia, and chronic pelvic pain because of endometriosis and rarely with acute abdominal symptoms following distention and torsion of the non-communicating rudimentary horn. A case of a unicornuate uterus with non-communi

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38

Pillai, Reena N. R., Sai L. S. K. Amma, and Sathiamma P. Kutty. "Uterine didelphys: an incidental finding during caesarean section." International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 14, no. 4 (2025): 1338–40. https://doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20250885.

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Mullerian duct anomalies are congenital defects of the female reproductive system resulting from abnormal embryological development. Uterine didelphys occurs due to the failure of embryonic fusion of the Mullerian ducts. This results in the presence of a double uterus with two separate cervices, and often a double vagina; it is extremely rare and can have unpredictable effects on reproductive health and gestation. We report a case of accidental finding of uterine didelphys in a 27-year-old gravida 5 para 4 live 3 with previous three term vaginal deliveries and one caesarean section with histor

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39

Shah, Darshil Sunilbhai, Utsav Shailesh Shah, and Natarajan Kumaresan. "Persistent Mullerian duct syndrome: rare presentation in an elderly man." BMJ Case Reports 13, no. 7 (2020): e234890. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2020-234890.

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Persistent Mullerian duct syndrome has been described as a disease of internal male pseudohermaphroditism, a rare autosomal recessive disease, characterised by persistent Mullerian derivatives in patients with male pattern 46, XY karyotype and normal pattern virilisation. We present a case of an elderly man, who on evaluation for bilateral undescended testes was found to have a pelvic mass suggestive of malignant transformation of an undescended testis on imaging. On surgical exploration, uterus with multiple fibroids, bilateral fallopian tubes, cervix and bilateral atrophic testes were identi

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40

Rahul, Sandip Kumar, Rupesh Keshri, Digamber Chaubey, Chandrakant Maurya, Vivek Kumar, and Sourabh Chandrabhushan Sharma. "Transverse testicular ectopia with persistent mullerian duct syndrome: A case series." Yemen Journal of Medicine 3, no. 3 (2024): 265–68. https://doi.org/10.18231/j.yjom.2024.031.

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Transverse testicular ectopia with persistent mullerian structures is seldom seen. Although treatment for this condition is well defined, it is very important to suspect persistent mullerian duct syndrome in cases where both testes are found on the same side. We discuss three unusual cases which presented with non-palpable undescended testis on one side and a hernia with two gonads and persistent mullerian structures on the other side.

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41

Goyal, Sunny, Ankur Aggarwal, Hemant Kumar Mishra, Tushar Prabha, and Vipin kumar Bakshi. "MULLERIAN DUCT ANOMALY: A CASE REPORT." Journal of Evolution of Medical and Dental Sciences 3, no. 59 (2014): 13323–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.14260/jemds/2014/3774.

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Chung, Jun Ho, Jun Young Shin, Sang Hun Lee, Sung Jae Park, Dong Won Byon, and Dong Hyeon Lee. "A Case of Mullerian Duct Cyst." Ewha Medical Journal 25, no. 2 (2002): 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.12771/emj.2002.25.2.111.

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43

M. El Saman, Ali, Jennifer A. Velotta, and Mohamed A. Bedaiwy. "Surgical Management of Mullerian Duct Anomalies." Current Women's Health Reviews 6, no. 2 (2010): 183–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/157340410791321327.

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Fujisawa, Masato, Yoshihiro Okuda, Hiroshi Okada, Osamu Matsumoto, and Sadao Kamidono. "MULLERIAN DUCT CYST WITH 46, XYq-." International Journal of Urology 1, no. 1 (1994): 89–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1442-2042.1994.tb00017.x.

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Tanwar, P. S., L. Zhang, Y. Tanaka, M. M. Taketo, P. K. Donahoe, and J. M. Teixeira. "Focal Mullerian duct retention in male mice with constitutively activated -catenin expression in the Mullerian duct mesenchyme." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 107, no. 37 (2010): 16142–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1011606107.

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46

Wei, C. H., N. L. Wang, W. H. Ting, Y. C. Du, and Y. W. Fu. "Excision of Mullerian duct remnant for persistent Mullerian duct syndrome provides favorable short- and mid-term outcomes." Journal of Pediatric Urology 10, no. 5 (2014): 929–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpurol.2014.01.012.

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SHEIH, CHUNG-PIN, YANG-JANN LIAO, CHENG-SHEN HUNG, TOH-SHUNG HUANG, and YIU-WAH LI. "DUPLEX KIDNEY, GARTNER'S DUCT CYST AND IPSILATERAL MULLERIAN DUCT OBSTRUCTION." Journal of Urology 159, no. 6 (1998): 2120–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-5347(01)63290-7.

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Saikia, Neelotparna, Balsri CH Marak, Ancy M Kurian, and Gunti Navyasri. "Didelphys Uterus: A Case Report." Indian Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 9, no. 4 (2021): 229–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.21088/ijog.2321.1636.9421.6.

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Didelphys uterus or double uterus is one of the least common mullerian duct anomalies. It affects one to three in 3000 women worldwide. Uterus didelphys occurs due to Mullerian unification defects resulting in various abnormalities with the presence of 2 uteri, 2 cervices and often 2 vaginas. A high caesarean section rate of 51% has been reported in pregnancies with didelphys uterus. Reproductive outcome of women with this anomaly is better than that of women withunicornuate malformation due to better vascularity. Approximately 60% of women with uterus didelphys have successful full-term pregn

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Stephen, Samuel Frank. "Understanding sexual differentiation: A case series on persistent Mullerian duct syndrome." IJEM Case Reports 2, no. 3 (2024): 101–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/ijemcr.ijemcr_36_24.

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ABSTRACT Introduction: Persistent Mullerian duct syndrome (PMDS) is a rare form of sexual differentiation, where the failure to produce functional anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) or a defective type II AMH receptor (AMHRII) leads to the persistence of Mullerian ducts in otherwise normal males. Materials and Methods: Cytogenetic testing was done on lymphocyte cultures from samples of peripheral blood. G-banding was done, and cultures were analyzed using the Ikaros software to visualize metaphase chromosomes and reported as per the International System for Human Cytogenetic Nomenclature. Results: A

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International, Journal of Medical Science and Innovative Research (IJMSIR). "The widely acknowledged European versus the latest American classification of Mullerian duct anomalies- A comparative study." International Journal of Medical Science and Innovative Research (IJMSIR) 9, no. 1 (2024): 06–13. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15363003.

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<strong>Abstract</strong> Mullerian duct anomalies are a clinically important group of pathologies responsible for poor reproductive outcome. Among the Mullerian duct anomalies, some subset of anomalies have more clinical impact than the others, thus necessitating proper characterisation of anomalies to guide appropriate treatment. There are various classification systems proposed to classify the various uterine anomalies, the most common ones being the European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology–European Society for Gynaecological Endoscopy (ESHRE-ESGE) classification system p

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