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Shaleh, Adith Ismail. "Evaluation of Base Station Efficiency Using Test Drives on Single-Band and Multi-Band Antennas." Jurnal Jartel: Jurnal Jaringan Telekomunikasi 3, no. 2 (2016): 20–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.33795/jartel.v3i2.216.
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Telecommunications support equipment and systems play a vital role in the network. Multi-band sectoral antennas are starting to replace single-band sectoral antennas at several base stations. The use of a single-band antenna that requires many antennas at the base station is not practical. The following research is conducting tests to evaluate the coverage area, rx signal level and network throughput produced by a multi-band sectoral antenna. Comparison of coverage area calculation using the walfisch-ikegami method. Testing the coverage area with the rx signal level utilizes a drive test so that the optimization of the success of the multi-band antenna is paired to obtain data to support decision making and determine the efficiency of the device in urban areas. From the test results of these 3 factors, the network efficiency generated by multi-band sectoral antennas and single-band sectoral antennas on the antenna coverage area shows that the results of single-band antennas are further than multi-band antennas. Meanwhile, on the signal side that is measured in the drive test process, the 2G network produced by the multi band antenna is better, for the 3G network the single band antenna is better. The 3G network throughput measurement data shows that the uplink access speed results are not good, because the good throughput value is only 42.54%. Measurements on the downlink side are also in poor condition, because the good throughput value is 38.57%.
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Chitambara Rao, Karedla, Dasari Nataraj, K. S. Chakradhar, et al. "An Integrated Dual Antenna for Multi-Band Satellite Communication Applications." Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research 15, no. 3 (2025): 23707–13. https://doi.org/10.48084/etasr.10372.
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Satellite communication applications for a variety of platforms are expanding quickly as the current technology and the demand for multi-band antennas are driving up. Multi-band antennas are likely to be required for the majority of communication systems including commercial, amateur, and military ones. For military communications, various antennas are employed on a mast to cover different bands, particularly the multifunction mast-mounted antennas that are based on submarines. However, there will be limited space on the mast in case different antennas are used for different frequencies, a limitation which will restrict the ability of the submarine-based multifunction mast-mounted antenna to cover the different bands. Thus, instead of employing different antennas for different bands, a multi-band antenna can be used to compensate for the space limitation. Modern submarines should also be able to communicate with satellites. Designing an antenna for satellite communication is difficult because successful operation necessitates specific characteristics, such as low axial ratio, low Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR), high gain, high band width, and high 3 dB beam width. This work proposes an inventive design approach for an integrated dual antenna on a single ground for two bands, the L-Band and S-Band. The latter cover the five satellite communication applications, including sending (2500-2520 MHz) and receiving (2670-2690 MHz) bands of S-Band satellite communication, the Global Positioning System (GPS)-1575.42 MHz, the Global Navigational Satellite System (GNSS)-1610 MHz, and the Indian Regional Navigational Satellite System (IRNSS)-1176.5 MHz. To examine important characteristics, including VSWR, gain, axial ratio, and 3 dB beam width, a simulation of an integrated dual antenna is constructed. The parameters are examined after the simulation in order to assess the proposed antenna's performance. The analysis results indicate that the proposed antenna is suitable for a variety of satellite communication applications, and highly suitable for both the L-Band and S-Band.
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Cheng, Xiaoyu, Shaofeng Bi, Yunfei Sun, and Chengwei Yuan. "C/X/Ku triple-band all-metal slot antenna." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2384, no. 1 (2022): 012002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2384/1/012002.
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Abstract Most multi-band all-metal slot antennas are dual-band. Their design concept is not feasible for triple-band antennas. A triple-band all-metal slot antenna is designed using an electromagnetic band gap structure (EBG). The antenna can work at C/X/Ku-band. Simulated results are presented to demonstrate the feasibility of the design. The compact antenna expands the working frequency of an all-metal slot antenna, which is especially appealing for high-power antennas.
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Ramalakshmi, Gudla, and P. Mallikarjuna Rao. "A Novel Metamaterial Inspired 2nd Iteration Koch Fractal Antenna for Wi-Fi, WLAN, C band and X band Wireless Communications." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2062, no. 1 (2021): 012004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2062/1/012004.
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Abstract The rapid advancements in wireless technology desires compact, miniaturized, multiband and ultra wideband antennas. Fractal antennas have been proved as a source for fulfilling these demands. In this paper a 2nd order Koch fractal antenna of size 29.6 × 35.7mm2 designed on FR4-epoxy substrate material of dielectric constant (ɛr) 4.4 with a height of 1.6mm. This antenna is named as ANTENNA-1. To increase this antenna’s performance a meta material unit cell has been placed on the ground plane to serve multi band applications and is named as ANTENNA-2, which is the proposed antenna in this paper. The simulations have been carried out for both the antennas using ANSYS HFSS tool over the frequency sweep of (1-12GHz). The simulation results of proposed antenna producing 7 frequency bands which serves Wi-Fi, WLAN, C-band, and X band wireless communications. The simulation results like return loss, VSWR values have a good matching with the measured return loss, VSWR results of the fabricated antenna
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Prahlada, Rao K., RM Vani, and PV Hunagund. "A compact multi band microstrip antenna." Algerian Journal of Engineering and Technology 03 (December 28, 2020): 017–19. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4400205.
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This paper presents the design of microstrip antennas for L, S and C band applications. The rectangular microstrip patch antennas are designed at a frequency of 2GHz and have been simulated using Mentor Graphics IE3D simulation software. The substrate used in the design is FR-4 glass epoxy, which has a dielectric constant of 4.2. The operating frequency range is 1-7 GHz. The modified microstrip antenna with plus shaped slot at the center of the patch yields an overall bandwidth of 10.47 % and lowest resonant frequency of 1.71 GHz. This antenna provides a size reduction of 13.63 %.
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Tiwari, Rahul, and Seema Verma. "PROPOSED A COMPACT MULTIBAND AND BROADBAND RECTANGULAR MICROSTRIP PATCH ANTENNA FOR C-BAND AND X-BAND." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMPUTERS & TECHNOLOGY 13, no. 3 (2014): 4291–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/ijct.v13i3.2760.
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In this communication two proposed antenna described one for broadband at 6.71445GHz to 11.9362GHz with finite ground plane. The antenna designed with 11.4051mm× 8.388 mm radiating copper patch with ground plane design with 21.0051mm x17. 988mm. And this Compact broadband rectangular shape microstrip patch antenna is designed and analyzed for the return loss of -20.08 dB is achieved at the resonant frequency of 7.941GHz, From Antenna2-it is observed that, antenna for multiband at different frequency. The primary radiating elements are Simple Rectangular Microstrip Patch Antenna in upper side with probe feed and use finite ground plane are two parallel crossed printed slot for three different frequency applications which is smaller in size compared to other available multiband antennas. From the result, it is observed that, the return loss of -16.97 dB is achieved at the first resonant frequency of 4.853GHz, -10.30dB at the second resonant frequency of 8.382GHz, -10.73 dB at the third resonant frequency of 9.265GHz, -17.38 dB at the fourth resonant frequency of 10.15GHz and -12.37 dB at the fifth resonant frequency of 11.91GHz. This broadband and multi-band highly efficient antenna for use in C-Band, and X-Band.
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Wang, Sungsik, Hyunsoo Kim, Dongyoon Kim, and Hosung Choo. "Multi-Band Array Antenna Sharing a Common Aperture with Heterogeneous Array Elements." Applied Sciences 12, no. 18 (2022): 9348. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12189348.
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This paper proposes a multi-band array antenna that shares a common aperture with heterogenous array elements. The multi-band array antenna includes one printed dipole antenna for the S-band and 3 × 3 array E-shaped patch antennas for the X-band. The current directions of the printed dipole and E-shaped antenna are orthogonal to each other, which properly diminishes the mutual coupling interference. To decrease the mutual coupling interference among the X-band components, we placed cavities using multiple vias surrounding the X-band components. To check the validity of the proposed design, the unit-cell was expanded to a 12 × 12 X-band array configuration, and then the beam steering properties were examined. The proposed antenna’s average gains are 5.2 dBi in the S-band and 5.2 dBi in the X-band. The bore-sight gain of the extended array configuration on the ship mast is 35.6 dBi. The results confirm that the proposed design is suitable for MFR applications even in a shared aperture.
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Lahiani, Mohamed Aziz, Zbyněk Raida, Jiří Veselý, and Jana Olivová. "Pre-Design of Multi-Band Planar Antennas by Artificial Neural Networks." Electronics 12, no. 6 (2023): 1345. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics12061345.
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In this communication, artificial neural networks are used to estimate the initial structure of a multiband planar antenna. The neural networks are trained on a set of selected normalized multiband antennas characterized by time-efficient modal analysis with limited accuracy. Using the Deep Learning Toolbox in Matlab, several types of neural networks have been created and trained on the sample planar multiband antennas. In the neural network learning process, suitable network types were selected for the design of these antennas. The trained networks, depending on the desired operating bands, will select the appropriate antenna geometry. This is further optimized using Newton’s method in HFSS. The use of the neural pre-design concept speeds up and simplifies the design of multiband planar antennas. The findings presented in this paper will be used to refine and accelerate the design of planar multiband antennas.
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Boychuk, Sergey I. "Mathematical model of an antenna-waveguide path with signal separation by polarization – frequency." Physics of Wave Processes and Radio Systems 27, no. 1 (2024): 61–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.18469/1810-3189.2024.27.1.61-70.
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Background. The need to create antenna-waveguide paths for multi-band reflector antennas of satellite communication systems requires the use of various methods for selecting the structure, determining and optimizing the parameters of antenna-waveguide paths. Aim. Development of a mathematical model of antenna-waveguide paths of multi-band reflector antennas, built on the basis of the «polarization separation – frequency separation» method with the implementation of the auto-tracking function. Methods. A mathematical model of antenna-waveguide paths of multi-band reflector antennas, built on the basis of the «polarization separation – frequency separation» method, allows us to determine the main characteristics of antenna-waveguide paths and incoming devices with an auto-tracking function. Results. The main elements of the mathematical model of multi-band antenna-waveguide paths built on the basis of the «polarization separation – frequency separation» method are determined. Conclusion. A mathematical model has been proposed that makes it possible to reduce the requirements for the computing tools used when developing antenna-waveguide paths in terms of RAM capacity and performance. The ability to analyze and determine the characteristics of antenna-waveguide paths using a mathematical model has been implemented. The stages of determining the parameters of antenna-waveguide paths are presented, based on the developed mathematical model of the corresponding design option, as well as theoretical and experimental data confirming the correctness of the model of antenna-waveguide paths.
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Zhidong, Zhong, Shu Xiayun, Chang Xuefeng, Tang Yiquan, and Cheng Sai. "Design of multi-band flexible microstrip antenna based on micro drop jetting." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2740, no. 1 (2024): 012030. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2740/1/012030.
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Abstract Due to the high compatibility of micro-droplet jetting 3D printing technology within the realm of printed electronics, a flexible and miniaturized multi-band microstrip antenna was designed. The purpose of this is to extend the wireless signal response range of wearable devices and to investigate the feasibility of producing wearable devices with high efficiency. The antenna uses polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) as the dielectric substrate and nanosilver as the conductive material for the radiating patch, demonstrating remarkable flexibility. The antenna’s structure underwent simulation and analysis through frequency sweeping using ANSYS HFSS simulation software. The outcomes illustrate the antenna operating within three frequency bands at 2.5GHz, 3.5GHz, and 5.8GHz, and the return loss is kept below -18dB for each central frequency. Simultaneously, it displays favorable flexibility. The radiation pattern of the antenna indicates that it has good directivity and no extra side lobes are generated. Ultimately, Antennas were fabricated using microdroplet spraying technology, and the final product’s characteristics and morphology were analyzed. The aforementioned findings demonstrate that micro-droplet jetting technology’s remarkable precision and efficiency render it a viable approach for the processing and production of flexible microstrip antennas.
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K, Bharani Priya B.tech. #. P.Geetha M.tech. (PH.D.)*. "DESIGN OF A BOW-TIE AND MEANDER LINES BASED TRIPLE BAND ANTENNA." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING SCIENCES & RESEARCH TECHNOLOGY 7, no. 6 (2018): 150–54. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1282662.
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Designing of antennas face many challenges like expanding bandwidth and multimode operation. Multiband antennas offer potential solutions to solve the challenges. In this project, we propose a triple-band antenna by combining meander-line structure. Multi-band antennas play a vital role in modern communication techniques. Introduction of slots in the original antenna structure is implemented in this study. Bow-tie monopole radiator is inserted in obtuse angle (140<sup>0</sup>) to the meander-lines.
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Venouil, Anton, Matthieu Egels, Philippe Pannier, Mohammed Benwadih, Christophe Serbutoviez, and Chaouki Hannachi. "Performance Analysis of a Screen-Printing Process for Cost-Effective Flexible Bow-Tie Antennas." J 8, no. 2 (2025): 20. https://doi.org/10.3390/j8020020.
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This paper presents a comparative analysis of performance for several antenna prototypes using a screen-printing process. This analysis was performed using various bow-tie antenna configurations, including single-band and multi-band antennas with linear or circular polarization over multiple operating frequency ranges. For antenna implementations, three different conductive inks and two resolutions of screen masks were tested. The performance of the fabricated prototypes has then been compared to the copper laser-etched antennas. This study revealed that with the proper selection of ink thinness, screen-printed bow-tie antennas achieve similar performances to copper laser-etched bow-tie antennas up to 6 GHz, even for linearly polarized and circularly polarized antennas. However, the printing resolution should be improved by reducing the ink thickness for bow-tie antennas at higher operating frequencies. The measurement results show a successful agreement after improving the printing resolution of the fabricated 5.8 GHz and 15 GHz bi-band bow-tie antennas.
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Azari-Nasab, T., CH Ghobadi, B. Azarm, and M. Majidzadeh. "Triple-band operation achievement via multi-input multi-output antenna for wireless communication system applications." International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies 12, no. 3 (2019): 259–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1759078719001302.
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AbstractA multi-input multi-output (MIMO) antenna is designed and discussed for multi-band applications. The constituent antennas are composed of four L-shaped elements and a ground plane. When placed beside each other to form a MIMO antenna, a T-bar shaped parasitic structure is also embedded between the antennas on the backside of the substrate to increase the inter-element isolation. The triple-band performance of the antenna is observed at 2.15–2.73 GHz, 3.1–3.9 GHz, and 5.04–6 GHz. The isolation level of more than 20 is seen over the operating frequency range. The fabricated prototype of the MIMO antenna size is very compact (20 × 40 mm), printed on the FR4 substrate. Based on simulation and experimental results, the proposed design is useful for WiMAX and WLAN applications.
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Zheng, Hanwen. "Lossy and Loss Free Material Research Taking Microstrip Patch Antenna Operating on the Band n261 as the Case." Highlights in Science, Engineering and Technology 27 (December 27, 2022): 639–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/hset.v27i.3827.
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The focus of this paper is to discuss the loss mechanism of the antenna and its effect on the antenna performance. This paper will follow the order of design basis, design idea, design content, and design results. Based on an antenna design for an n261 band, experiments are conducted in CST studio using different materials under lossy and lossless conditions. It includes 8 different sets of experiments. The lossy material will perform worse than the lossless material by processing the data through the program. When designing antennas, the performance of lossy materials will be worse. The material has a low tangential loss, and the loss of the antenna will be reduced. When designing an antenna, the antenna’s performance should be measured comprehensively by S11, Z11, as well as radiation efficiency and electric field results, instead of looking at only one parameter. Meanwhile, microstrip antenna design can be used to design antenna arrays or multi-band antennas.
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Kurup, Hrudya B., M. Remsha, Divya Antony, and Stephen Rodrigues. "Development and Analysis of Two Quarter Wavelength Patch Antennas." ECS Transactions 107, no. 1 (2022): 2495–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/10701.2495ecst.
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Development of small integrated antennas has played a crucial role in the current rapid progress of commercial wireless communication technology. Incorporating different radio standards, which supports various voice and data applications to a single wireless hand-held device, has now become the need of the hour. Quarter wavelength patch antennas are low profile antennas suitable for such applications. In this paper, two single-feed triple-band quarter wavelength antennas, PIFA and shorted patch antenna, having multi-band capability, are experimentally investigated and characterized. Different specifications of both the antennas are software simulated and experimentally tested. All simulations are performed using CST microwave studio.
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Rashid, Zhwan M., Bakhtiar A. Karim, and Asaad M. J. Al-Hindawi. "Medical Implantable Antennas for IoT Based Health Monitoring Applications: A Review." Journal of Engineering 31, no. 5 (2025): 148–71. https://doi.org/10.31026/j.eng.2025.05.09.
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Recently, implantable antennas have gained prominence in biomedical research owing to their compact design and efficient performance and extensive potential in biomedical and wireless communication applications. One such application is in the biomedical field, where the designed system must function within human body tissues and interact with an external device. To implement this communication framework, both advanced software and proper hardware design are essential. The antenna that is designed for biomedical applications must fulfill several requirements including energy efficiency, compact size, and multi-band operations. Therefore, designing an antenna with large bandwidth, multiband capability, circular polarization, and a compact size is essential for medical applications. From that point of view, this paper aims to survey existing antenna designs in literature for implantable medical devices (IMDs). The review conducted in this paper will specifically focus on three types of implantable antennas which are dual-band, circular polarized, and multi-band circular polarized antennas. Besides, we analyze the results of the most recently published articles and compare them with existing literature. The key challenges faced in implantable antenna design will also be discussed in detail.
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Parida, Rajeev K., Arjuna Muduli, Dhruba C. Panda, and Deepak Kumar Nayak. "Integrated Multi-Operational Antenna System Design for CR Applications." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1187, no. 1 (2021): 012006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1187/1/012006.
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Abstract A four-port multi-operational antenna system is designed for Cognitive Radio application. It consists of a sensing ultra-wideband antenna and three communicating narrowband antenna. The CPW fed monopole is a sensing antenna. It covers 2-11 GHz of the UWB band. The three narrow band antennas are operating at 5.834 GHz, 6.42 GHz, 7.355 GHz, and 8.786 GHz respectively. The mutual coupling is below-15 dB. This integrated UWB/NB antenna system can also be a good candidate for C-band, Maritime radio navigation, and X-band applications.
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Kim, Ilkyu, and Eunhee Kim. "Quad-Band Uniformly Spaced Array Antenna Using Diverse Patch and Fractal Antennas." Applied Sciences 13, no. 6 (2023): 3675. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13063675.
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Multi-band antennas have received significant interest because they can support multiple wireless communication services with a single antenna. However, an array antenna consisting of these element antennas can suffer from non-periodic arrangement due to the irregular sizes of the elements. In this paper, various shapes of patch antennas with fractal antennas are used to ensure the periodic arrangement of the array antenna, and antenna array incorporated with a feed network is proposed. Four different antenna arrays operating at 2.45/3.7/4.3/5.0 GHz are aggregated in an antenna with interleaved disposition of the different element antennas. It is observed that mutual couplings between two elements are sufficiently low, at less than −23 dB. Peak antenna gain ranging from 11.1 dBi to 14.4 dBi at the four different bands is obtained.
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Ali, Esraa Mousa, Wahaj Abbas Awan, Anees Abbas, Syed Mujahid Abbas, and Heba G. Mohamed. "Compact Frequency-Agile and Mode-Reconfigurable Antenna for C-Band, Sub-6-GHz-5G, and ISM Applications." Micromachines 16, no. 6 (2025): 724. https://doi.org/10.3390/mi16060724.
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This article presents the design and evaluation of a compact-sized antenna targeting heterogenous applications working in the C-band, 5G-sub-6GHz, and the ISM band. The antenna offers frequency reconfigurability along with multi-operational modes ranging from wideband to dual-band and tri-band. A compact-sized antenna is designed initially to cover a broad bandwidth that ranges from 4 GHz to 7 GHz. Afterwards, various multiband antennas are formed by loading various stubs. Finally, the wideband antenna along with multi-stub loaded antennas are combined to form a single antenna. Furthermore, PIN diodes are loaded between the main radiator and stubs to activate the stubs on demand, which consequently generates various operational modes. The last stage of the design is optimization, which helps in achieving the desired bandwidths. The optimized antenna works in the wideband mode covering the C-band, Wi-Fi 6E, and the ISM band. Meanwhile, the multiband modes offer the additional coverage of the LTE, LTE 4G, ISM lower band, and GSM band. The various performance parameters are studied and compared with measured results to show the performance stability of the proposed reconfigurable antenna. In addition, an in-depth literature review along with comparison with proposed antenna is performed to show its potential for targeted applications. The utilization of FR4 as a substrate of the antenna along with its compact size of 15 mm × 20 mm while having multiband and multi-mode frequency reconfigurability makes it a strong candidate for present as well as for future smart devices and electronics.
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Verma, Akhilesh, and Raghava Nallanthighal Srinivasa. "Beam Splitting Planar Inverted F Antenna For 5G Communication." Defence Science Journal 71, no. 6 (2021): 791–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.14429/dsj.71.17072.
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A planar inverted-F antenna with symmetrical split beams and loaded with radio frequency absorbers (here Eccosorb MCS) for 5G communication is proposed. The multi-beam antennas reduce the requirement of number of antennas and provide wide coverage. But they require a complex system such as a phased array or MIMO antennas. On the other hand, multi-beam antennas do not have such requirements. In this work, we propose a PIFA antenna which achieves multi-beam behaviour by six slabs of absorbers placed periodically between the PIFA patch and substrate to split the beams into two directions at +26°. The proposed antenna obtains a frequency band of 24.2- 25.7 GHz and achieves a high gain of approximately 10 dB at +26°. The performance of the proposed antenna is suitable for G communication. All simulations of the antenna are carried out using Ansys HFSS. The design was validated by simulations and later confirmed with measurements.
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Sulakshana, Chilukuri, and Lokam Anjaneyulu. "Reconfigurable antennas with frequency, polarization, and pattern diversities for multi-radio wireless applications." International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies 9, no. 1 (2015): 121–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1759078715000926.
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This paper presents different reconfigurable antennas with frequency, polarization, and pattern diversities. All the antennas have a very simple, novel, and compact structures, which are used for different wireless communication applications. These antennas employ switching for obtaining different reconfigurations. At first, an E-shaped antenna is designed for multi-band frequency reconfigurability. Second, circular and rectangular-shaped patch antennas are designed for achieving diversity in polarization. At last, a pattern reconfigurable antenna is designed with multiport excitation. These antenna performances are analyzed using various parameters such as return loss, radiation pattern, voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR), and gain. The prototypes of the antennas are fabricated and measured results along with simulated ones are presented. Both the results are in good agreement.
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Pandey, Shraddha, and Pankaj Vyas. "Review of Reconfigurable Microstrip Patch antenna for Wireless Application." International Journal on Recent and Innovation Trends in Computing and Communication 7, no. 6 (2019): 25–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/ijritcc.v7i6.5317.
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In recent time, world have seen a rapid growth in wireless communication. Development in antenna from single band to dual band and multi band had made the antenna system more compact. A frequency reconfigurable microstrip antenna using a PIN diode for multiband operation is using many application and hot research area. In this paper, reconfigurable microstrip patch antennas and their types like frequency, polarization, radiation pattern and gain are described.
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Deshmukh, Amit A., and K. P. Ray. "Multi-band rectangular microstrip antennas." Microwave and Optical Technology Letters 49, no. 11 (2007): 2757–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mop.22880.
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International, Journal for Research In Science &. Advanced Technologies. "DESIGN OF HIGH GAIN ULTRA-WIDE BAND MULTI-INPUT MULTI-OUTPUT(MIMO) ANTENNA." International Journal for Research In Science & Advanced Technologies 25, no. 05 (2025): 24–32. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15574382.
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This project centers around the design and simulation of a high-gain ultrawideband (UWB) multiple-input multiple- output (MIMO) antenna using Ansys HFSS. The Proposed antenna operates within the UWB frequency range of 3.1 GHZ to 10.6 GHZ, boasting a compact design, high gain, and minimal coupling between its components. The design process in HFSS entails fine-tuning essential factors such as element spacing, feed configuration, and substrate selection to attain a broad impedance bandwidth, high diversity gain, and stable radiation patterns. In Ansys HFSS simulation, the use of full-wave 3d electromagnetic modelling guarantees accurate evaluation of both near-field and far-field parameters. The antenna's performance is assessed based on gain, directivity, VSWR, and return loss. The stability of the radiation pattern across the UWB spectrum guarantees consistent omnidirectional or directional performance, which is crucial for mobile and dynamic communication environments. The findings confirm the effectiveness of the proposed antenna for high-speed data communication systems, such as 5g, IOT, and UWB radar applications. Its compact size, high efficiency, and consistent radiation patterns make it a suitable choice for portable and space-limited devices. The HFSS based approach guarantees precise performance estimation, enabling the creation of cutting- edge UWB MIMO antennas for future communication systems. This thorough approach positions the proposed UWB MIMO antenna as a promising candidate for implementation in emerging technologies like autonomous vehicles, smart healthcare, industrial IOT, and beyond-5g systems.
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Ищенко, Е. А., Ю. Г. Пастернак, В. А. Пендюрин, and С. М. Фёдоров. "MULTI-BAND PATCH ANTENNA BASED ON ACTIVE METAMATERIAL." ВЕСТНИК ВОРОНЕЖСКОГО ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОГО ТЕХНИЧЕСКОГО УНИВЕРСИТЕТА, no. 3(-) (August 15, 2022): 113–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.36622/vstu.2022.18.3.016.
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Рассматривается конструкция планарной патч-антенны с активным метаматериалом, который позволяет путем подключения дополнительных слоев управлять рабочим диапазоном антенны. Благодаря применению конструкции такой антенны удалось достичь того, что прямоугольная патч-антенна обладает четырьмя режимами работы, которые обеспечивают четыре рабочих частотных диапазона антенны. При этом во всех режимах работы антенны сохраняются стабильные характеристики, так, коэффициент полезного действия не снижался менее 72%, коэффициент направленного действия антенны не ниже 7.2 дБ. Благодаря таким характеристикам можно сказать, что использование активного метаматериала в планарных антеннах позволяет улучшить характеристики антенны путем увеличения числа диапазонов антенны с сохранением основных показателей антенны. Также благодаря тому, что в процессе переключения режимов сохраняется лишь один резонанс антенны, то удается повысить помехозащищенность антенны, так как отсутствует прием на побочных каналах. Использованные для коммутаций метаматериала pin-диоды позволяют обеспечить быстрое переключение слоев, а также малое сопротивление во включенном режиме и этим обеспечить полученные высокие качественные характеристики, которые полостью соответствовали бы эквивалентным патч-антеннам с полной металлизацией The article discusses the design of a planar patch antenna with an active metamaterial, which allows you to control the operating range of the antenna by connecting additional layers. Thanks to the design of such an antenna, it was possible to achieve that a rectangular patch antenna has four modes of operation, which provide four operating frequency bands of the antenna. At the same time, in all modes of operation of the antenna, stable characteristics are maintained, so the efficiency did not decrease below 72%, the directional coefficient of the antenna was not lower than 7.2 dB. Thanks to these characteristics, we can say that the use of active metamaterial in planar antennas can improve the characteristics of the antenna by increasing the number of antenna ranges while maintaining the main characteristics of the antenna. Also, due to the fact that in the process of switching modes, only one antenna resonance is preserved, it is possible to increase the noise immunity of the antenna since there is no reception on side channels. The pin diodes used for switching the metamaterial make it possible to ensure fast switching of layers, provide low resistance in the on mode, and thereby ensure the obtained high-quality characteristics that would correspond to equivalent full-metallization patch antennas Key words: patch antenna, metamaterial, multiband antenna
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Djouablia, Linda, Aziza Zermane, and Kamel Menighed. "Investigation of Multi-Band Reconfigurable Triangular Microstrip Antenna on Magnetic YIG Substrate." ASM Science Journal 17 (December 8, 2022): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.32802/asmscj.2022.1234.
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Reconfigurable antennas based on magnetised ferrite substrate and electronic components present a remarkable interest for nowadays antennas. The present research contribution deals to investigate an efficient multiband tuneable triangular microstrip antenna with acceptable characteristics, able to operate from 2.6 GHz to 5.8 GHz requiring frequency and polarization agility by dual reconfigurability using a YIG (Yttrium Iron Garnet) substrate and PIN diode. Different magnetic bias fields were applied to the proposed antenna for ON and OFF states. The obtained results and analysis demonstrate the efficiency of magnetic frequency tuning and a high stability of the radiated field, the antenna bandwidth can reach 1300 MHz for ON state, and a maximum tuning range close to 550 MHz is observed. The proposed antenna design exhibits a linear polarization and stable E and H–plane radiation pattern performance at resonance frequencies over the operating bands. These characteristics make the antenna suitable for multiband wireless communications requiring frequency agility.
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Saragih, Yuliarman, Ibrahim, and Agatha Elisabet. "Study of Smart Antenna Wide Band Multi Beam by Algorithm Switch Beam." Journal of Sustainable Engineering: Proceedings Series 1, no. 2 (2019): 247–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.35793/joseps.v1i2.37.
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The use of wideband antennas in radio frequency (RF) systems are intended to improve the efficiency of the system economically. So that problems arise due to differences in RF system frequency allocation in each country can be overcome. Other than that, the need for an antenna that can optimize the direction of the beam becomes one which became a consideration, for that to develop a smart antenna that is capable of producing the different beam. In various studies, wideband antennas have been built only able to work on a single beam. Meanwhile, the antenna has also been proven to be working in multi-beam but still works on a single frequency. The researcher intends to develop an antenna that can work as a smart antenna that applies multi-beam with switching algorithms by having a wide working frequency (wideband). Multi-beam with wideband can be produced by combining wideband antenna array with a Butler matrix that applies the switching beam algorithm with phase array technique so that it can be a smart antenna because the antenna can be adjusted of the beam as desired.
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Jiao, Sheng Cai, and Wen Zhou Sun. "A High Efficiency Multi-Band Antenna for Mobile Communication Devices." Applied Mechanics and Materials 411-414 (September 2013): 809–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.411-414.809.
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In this paper, we present a compact high-efficiency multi-band micro strip antenna for the mobile devices. At the same time, because most of antennas are located near the ground planar, the proposed antenna is designed with a ground planar. The antenna occupies a small size of 100*60mm2 and operates in CDMA(824-894MHz),GSM(880-960MHz), DCS(1710-1880),PCS(1850-1990),UMTS(1920-2170) and 3G band. By using a long slot, two trapezoid slots and a short slot, a triple resonance around 900MHz and another wideband resonance around 2100MHz can be created, respectively. Details of the antenna design are described , and its radiation performances results are presented and discussed. Keywords-Multi-band antenna;; mobile communication devices; hige-efficency
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Lv, Jun-Yi, Jun-Ming Zhang, Peng-Fei Lv, and Li-Xin Xu. "A Dual-Band Patch Antenna with Combined Self-Decoupling and Filtering Properties and Its Application in Dual/Squad-Band Two-Element MIMO Array." Sensors 24, no. 21 (2024): 6833. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s24216833.
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This paper proposes a dual-band patch antenna with combined self-decoupling and filtering properties, designed to suppress mutual coupling between two antenna elements both within the same dual-band and across different dual-bands. Initially, a dual-band aperture-coupled filtering patch antenna is designed, featuring a forked short-circuited SIR feedline with a quarter-wavelength open-ended stub and a U-shaped patch with two U-slots, which generate three controllable radiation nulls while introducing two additional resonant modes. The design steps are also provided in detail. Subsequently, the low mutual coupling phenomenon of two vertically placed aperture-coupled patch antennas is investigated, successfully developing a high-isolated dual-band two-element MIMO array I. Furthermore, the other quad-band two-element MIMO array II is designed, which utilizes the filtering response to significantly reduce mutual coupling across four bands. Finally, a dual-band filtering patch antenna element and two two-element MIMO arrays are fabricated and measured. The measurements and simulations validate the antenna’s low mutual coupling performance in multi-band MIMO arrays and demonstrate its strong potential for future wireless communication applications.
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Manjunath, Katari, and Sanam Narayana Reddy. "Multiband Elliptical Patch Octagon Antenna With And Without Proximity Coupling." International Journal of Experimental Research and Review 39, Spl Volume (2024): 129–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.52756/ijerr.2024.v39spl.010.
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This paper presents a novel multiple-band elliptical patch octagonal antenna with and without proximity coupling. The frequency bandwidth and the requirement for high data throughput are always on the rise with today’swireless communication systems and therefore, multiband antennas are highly essential. A new elliptical patch octagon arrangement is proposed for use in this case as the efficiencies gained in using this form of an antenna are that it is capable of operating on multiple bands. Multi-band Elliptical Patch Octagon Antenna with and without Proximity Coupling of dimensions 15×25×1.6 mm3 is designed. A single-layer antenna operates at multiple frequencies from 10GHz to 300GHz, whereas a multi-layer antenna operates at 10GHz to 500GHz. For a sample at 28GHz, a Single-layer elliptical patch octagon antenna without proximity coupling antenna earned return loss (s11), gain and radiation efficiency of -21.38dB, 5.03dB and 90%, respectively. In order to enhance the bandwidth and gain of an antenna, a two-layer elliptical patch antenna with proximity coupling is designed whose return loss, gain and radiation efficiency are -24.5dB, 8.81dB and 88.69% at 29GHz frequency, respectively. The substrate employed for these two antennas is FR4, with a dielectric constant of 4.4 and a loss tangent (tanδ) of 0.002. Overall, this study provides a greater understanding of how proximity coupling influences the operation of multiband antennas, thereby paving the way to enhance the design and practical utilization of multiband antennas in today's wireless communication systems.
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Pradeep, P., K. Jaya Sankar, and C. S. Paidimarry. "A novel compact 4 x 4 Multi-slot MIMO antenna for N78/79, Wi-Fi 5/6, and V2X/DSRC for 5G in Sub-6 GHz band." Advanced Electromagnetics 14, no. 2 (2025): 27–34. https://doi.org/10.7716/aem.v14i2.2422.
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In this article, a novel multi-slot 2-port and 4-port compact wideband MIMO antennas are designed for 5G communication in the sub-6 GHz band. The multi-slot antenna contains a rectangular patch with two square cuts at the lower corner of it. Here, two rectangular slots, one at the top edge and the other near the bottom edge of the antenna. The orthogonal placement technique helps to provide initial isolation between ports. Further, a P-shaped stub is added to the top edge of the antenna element to achieve very high isolation among 4 antennas. The FR4 substrate’s overall dimensions are considered 56 x 56 x 1.6 mm3. The proposed 4-port multi-slot antenna achieved isolation of > 15 dB in the operating frequency band from 3.60 GHz – 7.33 GHz. The 4-port multi-slot prototype results and its simulated results are almost similar. The radiation patterns in elevation and azimuth planes are stable, a peak gain and high efficiency are 5.2 dB and 95% respectively. This antenna performance can be envisaged for N78/79, Wi-Fi 5/6, and Vehicle2X/DSRC bands.
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Akkole, Suresh, and N. Vasudevan. "Design and Optimization of E Shape Multi Band Microstrip Patch Antenna Using Fractal Geometry for Wireless Communication." Journal of Computational and Theoretical Nanoscience 17, no. 5 (2020): 2409–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jctn.2020.8905.
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In this paper an E shaped multiband fractal microstrip antenna proposed. The proposed E structure uses self similar fractal concept. The geometry is extended up to two iteration which resonates at seven multiband frequencies. The proposed antenna operates in 1–2 GHz (L-band), 2–4 GHz (S-band) and 4–8 GHz (C-band) frequencies and finds uses for military and secure long distance communication and C band frequency uses like satellite communication, Wi-Fi, and Radio Detection and Ranging. All designed antennas are optimized by IE3D antenna simulation tool with FR-4 material having 4.4 dielectric constant and loss tangent = 0.02. The parameters of all antennas have been examined in terms of directivity, VSWR, return loss, resonant frequency, bandwidth and gain.
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Zheng, Xiang Lai, Qing Fan Shi, Dan Feng Lu, and Chang Yi Ji. "A Novel Tri-Band Ultra-Wideband Antenna with Deformed Split Ring Resonator for WLAN/WIMAX Applications." Applied Mechanics and Materials 713-715 (January 2015): 1265–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.713-715.1265.
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With the increasing demand for different applications of antennas, especially multi-band and ultra-wideband antenna, we propose a novel tri-band, ultra-wideband (UWB) antenna with deformed split ring resonator (DSRR). The antenna consists of a partly covered ground plane and a deformed split ring resonator. By integrating the partly covered ground plane and the deformed split ring resonator and optimizing with CST Microwave Studio numerically, the proposed antenna produces three working bands ranging from 2.87GHz to 3.92GHz, 5.08 to 6.30GHz and 7.55 to 9.32GHz, which also satisfy the requirement of UWB. The three working bands cover the WIMAX band in 3.5GHz, the WLAN bands in 5.2/5.8GHz, and X-band, respectively. The radiation pattern is omnidirectional and the direction gain at every frequency is above 3.2 dBi. So the proposed antenna is suitable for multi-band communication applications.
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Tang, Guangpu, Tong Xiao, Lifeng Cao, et al. "A Multi-Frequency Low-Coupling MIMO Antenna Based on Metasurface." Electronics 13, no. 11 (2024): 2146. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics13112146.
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In this paper, a multi-frequency MIMO antenna for 5G and Wi-Fi 6E is presented. The antenna uses a cosine-shape monopole and split-ring resonator (SRR) structure for tri-band radiation, and frequency band expansion is achieved through SRR, folded split-ring resonators (FSRR) and Archimedean spiral metasurfaces for decoupling, with which a combination of surface wave and space wave decoupling is achieved. The Archimedean spiral metasurface unit can achieve space wave decoupling in the tri-band. By adopting the method of combining space wave decoupling and surface wave decoupling, the miniature antenna is achieved. The measured results closely align with the simulated results. Specifically, maintaining a reflection coefficient of −10 dB, the measured results indicate an increase in isolation of 3.5 dB, 36.47 dB, and 6.42 dB for the frequency bands of 3.45–3.55 GHz, 5.7–5.9 GHz, and 6.75–7 GHz, respectively. Additionally, the MIMO antenna demonstrates an average efficiency of approximately 89%, with an average envelope correlation coefficient (ECC) of 0.0025. Furthermore, the antenna’s peak gain increases by 4.3 dB at 3.5 GHz, 3.8 dB at 5.8 GHz, and 1.9 dB at 6.9 GHz upon integrating the metasurface. The proposed method and structure are anticipated to contribute significantly to decoupling in multi-frequency MIMO antennas.
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Kim, Kichul, Seongmin Pyo, and Jinwoo Jung. "A Simplified Radiation Characteristic Analysis Method for Defocus-Fed Parabolic Antennas in a W-Band Communication System." Applied Sciences 14, no. 4 (2024): 1622. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app14041622.
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With increasing interest in the W-band, there is growing focus on parabolic reflector antennas that are known for efficiently inducing high-gain radiation characteristics. There is particular focus on parabolic antennas with diverse defocus-fed applications, including monopulse tracking, multi-beam formation using multiple feeds, and aperture-shared antennas for multi-band operation. Thus, a new simplified method is presented in this paper to analyze the radiation characteristics of defocus-fed parabolic antennas. The presented method is based on the discrete division of a parabolic reflector surface and considers only simplified wave propagation theory and the effect of the scalar function pattern from the feeder. Additionally, array theory is exclusively applied for the analysis of radiation characteristics. Therefore, the presented method uses a very simplified formula to calculate the radiation characteristics of a defocused parabolic reflector antenna. The performance of the presented method was evaluated by comparing the results with commercial EM tools. The results of the analysis confirm the applicability of the presented method for the analysis of defocus-fed parabolic antennas.
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Elsheakh, Dalia, Somaya Kayed, and Heba Shawkey. "Single-Chip Two Antennas for MM-Wave Self-Powering and Implantable Biomedical Devices." Applied Computational Electromagnetics Society 36, no. 7 (2021): 885–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.47037/2021.aces.j.360710.
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Implantable biomedical applications arise the need for multi-band sensors with a wideband frequency channel for RF energy harvesting operation. Using a separate antenna for energy harvesting can simplify device circuit complexity and reduces operation frequency bands interference. This paper demonstrates the design of single chip with two separate integrated antennas for implantable biomedical applications. The two antennas have different structures with orthogonal polarization to achieve low mutual coupling and negligible interaction between them. The first antenna is a multi-band meander line (MBML) designed for multiple channels data communication, with quad operating bands in the MM-wave range from 22-64 GHz with area 1150 × 200μm2. The second antenna is a wideband dipole antenna (WBDA) for RF energy harvesting, operates in the frequency range extend from 28 GHz to 36 GHz with area 1300×250μm2. The proposed antennas are designed by using high frequency structure simulator (HFSS) and fabricated by using UMC180nm CMOS technology with total area 0.55 mm2. The MBML frequency bands operating bandwidths can reach 2 GHz at impedance bandwidth ≤ -10 dB. While, the WBDA antenna has gain -2 dB over the operating band extend from 28 GHz up to 36 GHz. The antenna performance is simulated separately and using the human-body phantom model that describes layers of fats inside body, and shows their compatibility for in body operation. Die measurements is performed using on wafer-probing RF PICOBROBES and shows the matching between simulation and measurement values.
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Kabir, Syed Salman, Mehedi Hassan Khan, and Saeed I. Latif. "A Multi-Band Circularly Polarized-Shared Aperture Antenna for Space Applications at S and X Bands." Electronics 12, no. 21 (2023): 4439. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics12214439.
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In this article, a compact multiband antenna design and analysis is presented with a view of ensuring efficient uplink/downlink communications at the same time from a single antenna for CubeSat applications. This design shares the aperture of an S-band slot antenna to accommodate a square patch antenna operating in the X-band. Shared aperture antennas, along with an air gap and dielectric loading, provided good gain in both frequency bands. The S-band patch had an S11 = −10 dB bandwidth of 30 MHz (2013–2043 MHz, 1.5%), and the X-band antenna demonstrated a bandwidth of 210 MHz (8320–8530 MHz, 2.5%). The Axial Ratio (<3 dB) bandwidth of the slot antenna in the S-band is 7 MHz (2013–2020 MHz, 0.35%), and it is 67 MHz (8433–8500 MHz, 0.8%) in the case of patch antenna in the X-band. While the maximum gain in the S-band reached 7.7 dBic, in the X-band, the peak gain was 12.8 dBic. This performance comparison study shows that the antenna is advantageous in terms of high gain, maintains circular polarization over a wideband, and can replace two antennas needed in CubeSats for uplink/downlink, which essentially saves space.
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Yasameen, F. Azeez, K. Abboud Maryam, and R. Qasim Sara. "Design of miniaturized multi-band hybrid-mode microstrip patch antenna for wireless communication." Design of miniaturized multi-band hybrid-mode microstrip patch antenna for wireless communication 31, no. 2 (2023): 794–801. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v31.i2.pp794-801.
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This research presents a small, compact microstrip patch antenna of multiband antenna. The multi-band antenna can be scaled to higher frequencies, making it possibly useful in 5G applications. The antenna is made up of asymmetric scalene triangles slots on the right side of the patch, which is provided by the reference patch antenna. The modes of antenna, patch and slots are excited to obtain four bands. The antenna design is 25×25×1.4 mm3 resonant at 3.93 GHz, 4.25 GHz, 5.37 GHz, and 6.18 GHz. The simulated design shows a peak gain of 4.44 dB at 3.93 GHz, 5.63 dB at 4.25 GHz, 5.91 dB at 5.37 GHz and 5.2 dB at 6.18 GHz. The Total efficiency at 3.93 GHz and 4.25 GHz is -1.152 dB and -0.5174 dB, at 5.37 GHz and 6.18 GHz shows a total efficiency of -0.535 dB and -0.566 dB. Finally, the antenna is fabricated and measured. A good agreement shown between measurements and fabrication in terms of return loss.
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Castel, Thijs, Patrick Van Torre, Emmeric Tanghe, et al. "Improved Reception of In-Body Signals by Means of a Wearable Multi-Antenna System." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2013 (2013): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/328375.
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High data-rate wireless communication for in-body human implants is mainly performed in the 402–405 MHz Medical Implant Communication System band and the 2.45 GHz Industrial, Scientific and Medical band. The latter band offers larger bandwidth, enabling high-resolution live video transmission. Although in-body signal attenuation is larger, at least 29 dB more power may be transmitted in this band and the antenna efficiency for compact antennas at 2.45 GHz is also up to 10 times higher. Moreover, at the receive side, one can exploit the large surface provided by a garment by deploying multiple compact highly efficient wearable antennas, capturing the signals transmitted by the implant directly at the body surface, yielding stronger signals and reducing interference. In this paper, we implement a reliable 3.5 Mbps wearable textile multi-antenna system suitable for integration into a jacket worn by a patient, and evaluate its potential to improve the In-to-Out Body wireless link reliability by means of spatial receive diversity in a standardized measurement setup. We derive the optimal distribution and the minimum number of on-body antennas required to ensure signal levels that are large enough for real-time wireless endoscopy-capsule applications, at varying positions and orientations of the implant in the human body.
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Kumar, Satheesh, and Balakumaran T. "Modeling and simulation of dual layered U-slot multiband microstrip patch antenna for wireless applications." Nanoscale Reports 4, no. 1 (2021): 15–18. https://doi.org/10.26524/nr.4.3.
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The Multi-band characteristics for wireless communications are achieved by U-slot patch in the microstrip patch antennas. Unlike previous work on the conventional U-slot micro strip patch antennas, the effect of the inverted dual U-slot inclusion on the performance of the patch antenna is studied across the entire achieved multiband characteristics. A low cost and compact triple band aperture coupled microstrip patch antenna for Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) is presented. The proposed antenna has inverted U-slots and dual substrate with thickness of 3.2mm to achieve the triple band characteristics. The combination of inverted U-slots, dual substrate and modified ground plane results in the required operational frequency bands—namely, Wireless LAN. Design details of the proposed triple band antenna and parametric study is also presented. The dual- band antenna resonates at 3.6GHz and 5.2 GHz whereas triple- band antenna resonates at 3.6 GHz, 5.2 GHz and 5.8 GHz. For U-slot dual- band antenna,the directivity of 6.345 dBi and 5.725dBi is obtained at lower resonant frequency 3.6 GHz and upper resonant frequency 5.2 GHz respectively. U- slot triple-band antenna shows 6.103 dBi, 6.371 dBi and 5 dBi directivity at lower resonant frequency of 3.6 GHz,middle resonant frequency of 5.2 GHz and upper resonant frequency of 5.8 GHz respectively.
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Samsuzzaman, Mohammad, Mohammad Tariqul Islam, and Mohammad Rashed Iqbal Faruque. "Dual-band Multi Slot Patch Antenna for Wireless Applications." Journal of Telecommunications and Information Technology, no. 2 (June 30, 2013): 19–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.26636/jtit.2013.2.1211.
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In this paper a novel configuration of broadband multi slot antenna for C/X bands is presented and analyzed. By cutting two diamond slots in the middle of the rectangular patch and three triangular slots in the right side of the patch, resonances can be created. Microstrip feed line is used in the down side region of the patch. Antenna characteristics were simulated using a finite element method (HFSS). According to simulations, the proposed multiple slot antennas can provide two separated impedance bandwidths of 970 MHz (about 11.96% centred at 8.11 GHz band) and 890 MHz (about 9.76% centred at 9.42 GHz band) and stable radiation patterns, promising for satellite systems.
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PROF., DR. RAMAPATI MISHRA. "METHOD TO IMPROVE BANDWIDTH OF MICROSTRIP ANTENNA." IJIERT - International Journal of Innovations in Engineering Research and Technology 4, no. 9 (2017): 1–4. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1456431.
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<strong>For high speed internet,multimedia communication and broadband services more broader bandwidth is required. Microstrip Antenna is famous for its small structure,but inherently microstrip antennas are narrow band antennas.The areas of application open to microstrip antennas have been limited by their low operating bandwidth .Various techniques are used to enhance the bandwidth of microstrip antenna. This paper discusses bandwidth enhancement techniques employed on microstrip patch antennasusing multi-layer configurations with vertically stacked resonator geometries.IE3D software is used for the design of Microstrip Antenna.</strong> <strong>https://www.ijiert.org/paper-details?paper_id=141105</strong>
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Wang, Qi, Renjing Gao, Shutian Liu, and Chuan Liu. "Topology optimization-based design method of dual-band antennas." Multidiscipline Modeling in Materials and Structures 13, no. 1 (2017): 11–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mmms-07-2016-0030.
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Purpose Recent development of wireless communication devices dictates that miniaturization, multi-functions and high integration are the important factors for antenna structures. This has resulted in the requirement of antennas with dual or multi-frequency operations. Although the dual-band antennas can be achieved through the experience-based configuration selection with the parameter adjustment, it is still a challenging problem to design an antenna with specific dual-frequency operations effectively. The purpose of the paper is to develop an effective design method to guide the design of antennas with specific dual-frequency operations. Design/methodology/approach The topology optimization is carried out through the material distribution approach, where the patch of the antenna is taken as the design domain. The optimization formulation is established with maximizing the minimum antenna efficiency at the target frequencies. The sensitivity of the antenna efficiency with the design variables is derived, and the optimization problem is solved by a gradient-based algorithm. Findings Based on the proposed design method, an example of a patch antenna design for specific dual-frequency operations is presented. The performance of the designed antenna is cross-verified by experimentation, where the reflection coefficients (S11) obtained by simulation and experiment show a good agreement. The simulation and the experimentation of the designed antenna show that two operational bands are optimized to occur around the target frequencies, which confirms the effectiveness of the proposed design method. Originality/value This paper presents a topology optimization-based design method for patch antennas operating at dual specific frequencies.
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M Nair, Sreejith, Manju Abraham, and Sindhu S. "PARAMETRIC EXTRACTION AND EQUIVALENT CIRCUIT MODELLING OF SINGLE BAND ANTENNAS." ICTACT Journal on Microelectronics 7, no. 4 (2022): 1217–20. https://doi.org/10.21917/ijme.2022.0209.
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A simple and powerful equivalent circuit modeling suitable and novel method for extracting distributed parameters of a single band antenna which can be generalized is presented. From these two techniques, an equation for distributed components in terms of dimensional parameters and effective dielectric constant is developed. Validity of the developed equation is analyzed using simulation software and the results are in close matching. In future, this method can be elaborated to develop generalized modeling for multi band and wide band antennas.
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Li, Mingtang, Yihong Su, Wenxin Zhang, and Xianqi Lin. "A Versatile Shared-Aperture Antenna for Vehicle Communications." Electronics 13, no. 20 (2024): 4009. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics13204009.
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This communication introduces a versatile, multi-service, shared-aperture antenna system for multiple vehicle applications. The design comprises three antenna elements: a rotatable microstrip antenna for global positioning system (GPS) communication, a cross-dipole circularly polarized antenna for satellite communication in the S-band, and a pattern reconfigurable antenna for V2V (vehicle-to-vehicle) communication. These antennas collectively support GPS, satellite communication (Satcom), and V2V communication in a single, shared-aperture design. This shared-aperture antenna system offers cost savings and occupies less space compared to using separate antennas for each service. The microstrip antenna covers the 1575 MHz frequency band used for GPS communication. The cross-dipole circularly polarized antenna provides continuous wideband coverage for S-band satellite communication. The pattern reconfigurable antenna, tailored for the specific application scenario, covers the 5.9 GHz V2V working frequency band (5.855–5.925 GHz). Practical testing and simulation results confirm the effectiveness of this antenna system for the intended applications. In summary, the microstrip antenna has a bandwidth of 1.565–1.578 GHz and a realized gain of 7 dBi with radiation efficiency of 81%, the cross-dipole antenna has a bandwidth of 2.2–3.8 GHz (53.3%) and a realized gain of 8.3 dBi with radiation efficiency of 90%, and the pattern reconfigurable antenna has a 5.8–6 GHz bandwidth and a realized gain of 3.7 dBi with radiation efficiency of 85%, and the isolation between antennas with different frequencies is 25 dB, 20 dB, and 30 dB in three frequency bands.
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Cheng, Shao-Hung, Shu-Chuan Chen, Yu-Jen Chen, and Chiang-Lung Liu. "Compact Asymmetric T-Feed Closed-Slot Antennas for 2.4/5/6 GHz WiFi-7 MIMO Laptops." Electronics 13, no. 13 (2024): 2430. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics13132430.
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In this paper, we introduce a closed-slot WiFi-7 multi-input multi-output (MIMO) system equipped with six antennas, designed specifically for laptop integration. Positioned near the lower edge of the laptop’s display ground plane, the antennas are placed 2.5 mm from the hinge and 8 mm from the left side of the ground plane. Each antenna features a 44 × 2 mm2 closed-slot structure with a simple T-shaped feeder that stimulates half-wavelength and full-wavelength resonances via feed-in coupling. The six antennas are aligned in parallel, spaced 4 mm apart, forming a compact array without the need for additional isolation components. This setup supports dual-band functionality across both 2400–2500 MHz and 5150–7125 MHz WiFi-7 bands. Performance assessments indicate a minimum of 10 dB isolation between the antennas and envelope correlation coefficients (ECC) of the radiation patterns being below 0.04. Furthermore, the antenna array’s radiation efficiency was measured to be over 64%.
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Kozieł, Sławomir, and Adrian Bekasiewicz. "Rapid Design Optimization of Multi-Band Antennas by Means of Response Features." Metrology and Measurement Systems 24, no. 2 (2017): 337–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/mms-2017-0030.
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AbstractThis work examines the reduced-cost design optimization of dual- and multi-band antennas. The primary challenge is independent yet simultaneous control of the antenna responses at two or more frequency bands. In order to handle this task, a feature-based optimization approach is adopted where the design objectives are formulated on the basis of the coordinates of so-called characteristic points (or response features) of the antenna response. Due to only slightly nonlinear dependence of the feature points on antenna geometry parameters, optimization can be attained at a low computational cost. Our approach is demonstrated using two antenna structures with the optimum designs obtained in just a few dozen of EM simulations of the respective structure.
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Wang, Y., M. Reit, and W. Mathis. "Entwurfskonzept einer Car2Car-Multiband-Dachantenne." Advances in Radio Science 10 (September 18, 2012): 63–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ars-10-63-2012.
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Abstract. Due to the vastly increasing use of wireless services in the car, such as WiFi, Car2Car and LTE, the requirements on bandwidth and radiation pattern of the roof antenna systems become more challenging. In this work, a design concept for multi-band roof antenna systems is presented. We aim to get a higher bandwidth and an almost circular radiation pattern on the horizontal plane. Moreover, the antenna length is considered in order to fulfill the requirements set by construction ECE-regulations (ECE, 2010). The applicability of the design concept is not limited to multi-band roof antennas, it can also be used for a general wideband antenna design. For illustration of this concept, a multi-band roof antenna with a bandwidth of 780 MHz to 5.9 GHz and a near circular radiation pattern with an average gain of G = 3 dBi (at 5.9 GHz) on the horizontal plane is designed. The simulation and measurement results are presented.
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Wang, Xinhai, Liqiong Wu, Hua Chen, Wei Wang, and Zhaoping Liu. "Frequency-Reconfigurable Microstrip Patch Antenna Based on Graphene Film." Electronics 12, no. 10 (2023): 2307. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics12102307.
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Fifth-generation mobile communication systems must connect to multiple wireless networks. In order to enable a single device to match the frequency bands of multiple wireless networks, it is usually necessary to use multiple single-band or multi-band antennas, which occupy a large amount of space inside a given device. Using frequency-reconfigurable antennas to replace multiple single-function antennas is an effective way to solve this problem. In this paper, we propose a frequency-reconfigurable microstrip patch antenna based on graphene film, which fills the slot of the radiating patch with graphene film. It was found that the surface current of the antenna can be changed by changing the conductivity of graphene through bias voltage, which allows the operating mode of the antenna to switch between a nearly slotted antenna and a nearly unslotted antenna to achieve frequency reconfigurability. By changing the bias voltage from 0 V to 9 V, the resonant frequency of the antenna can be switched from 29.6 GHz to 40 GHz, and the center frequency can by altered by 10.4 GHz, corresponding to the reflection coefficients of −26 dB and −20.8 dB, respectively. The antenna achieves good matching in both operating modes.
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Qasim Hadi Kareem and Rana Ahmed Shihab. "Reconfigurable Compact Quad-port MIMO Antennas for sub-6 GHz Applications." Journal of AL-Farabi for Engineering Sciences 2, no. 1 (2023): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.59746/jfes.v2i1.58.
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This paper presents compact quad-port frequency reconfigurable multi-input multi-output (MIMO) antennas for 5 G applications that operate at sub-6 GHz. The proposed design provides more isolation (>13 dB) and pattern diversity using four orthogonal radiating elements. C-shaped metal is used to extend the antenna's radiating elements by inserting one positive intrinsic negative diode (PIN) in the metal. The C-shaped metal and matching stub achieve frequency reconfigurability with a consistent radiation pattern. The PIN diode's switching characteristics allow the frequency to be shifted between two communication bands. One mode (diode ON) covers 2.5 and 5 GHz, while the second mode (diode OFF) covers another dual band of 3.5 and 5.7 GHz. Substrate dimensions are only 50 x 50 x1.6 mm3, making the proposed design compact. Antenna peaks at a gain of 4.18 dB and radiation efficiencies of 80 and 94% in the four frequency bands. The antenna design is appropriate for multi-functional wireless systems and cognitive radio applications since it spans frequency bands below 6 GHz and can be reconfigurable between wide and narrow bands.