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Nielson, Flemming, and Hanne Riis Nielson. "Prescriptive Frameworks for Multi-Level Lambda-Calculi." ACM SIGPLAN Notices 32, no. 12 (1997): 193–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/258994.259018.
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Khamparia, Aditya, Sagar Pande, Deepak Gupta, Ashish Khanna, and Arun Kumar Sangaiah. "Multi-level framework for anomaly detection in social networking." Library Hi Tech 38, no. 2 (2020): 350–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/lht-01-2019-0023.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to propose a structured multilevel system that will distinguish the anomalies present in different online social networks (OSN). Design/methodology/approach Author first reviewed the related work, and then, the research model designed was explained. Furthermore, the details regarding Levels 1 and 2 were narrated. Findings By using the proposed technique, FScore obtained for Twitter and Facebook data set was 96.22 and 94.63, respectively. Research limitations/implications Four data sets were used for the experiment and the acquired outcomes demonstrate enhancement over the current existing frameworks. Originality/value This paper designed a multilevel framework that can be used to detect the anomalies present in the OSN.
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Aguiar, João, Ruben Pereira, José Braga Vasconcelos, and Isaias Bianchi. "An Overlapless Incident Management Maturity Model for Multi-Framework Assessment (ITIL, COBIT, CMMI-SVC)." Interdisciplinary Journal of Information, Knowledge, and Management 13 (2018): 137–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/4083.
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Aim/Purpose: This research aims to develop an information technology (IT) maturity model for incident management (IM) process that merges the most known IT frameworks’ practices. Our proposal intends to help organizations overcome the current limitations of multiframework implementation by informing organizations about frameworks’ overlap before their implementation. Background: By previously identifying frameworks’ overlaps it will assist organizations during the multi-framework implementation in order to save resources (human and/or financial). Methodology: The research methodology used is design science research (DSR). Plus, the authors applied semi-structured interviews in seven different organizations to demonstrate and evaluate the proposal. Contribution: This research adds a new and innovative artefact to the body of knowledge. Findings: The proposed maturity model is seen by the practitioners as complete and useful. Plus, this research also reinforces the frameworks’ overlap issue and concludes that some organizations are unaware of their actual IM maturity level; some organizations are unaware that they have implemented practices of other frameworks besides the one that was officially adopted. Recommendations for Practitioners: Practitioners may use this maturity model to assess their IM maturity level before multi-framework implementation. Moreover, practitioners are also incentivized to communicate further requirements to academics regarding multi-framework assessment maturity models. Recommendation for Researchers: Researchers may explore and develop multi-frameworks maturity models for the remaining processes of the main IT frameworks. Impact on Society: This research findings and outcomes are a step forward in the development of a unique overlapless maturity model covering the most known IT frameworks in the market thus helping organizations dealing with the increasing frameworks’ complexity and overlap. Future Research: Overlapless maturity models for the remaining IT framework processes should be explored.
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Tarique, Ibraiz, and Randall Schuler. "A multi-level framework for understanding global talent management systems for high talent expatriates within and across subsidiaries of MNEs." Journal of Global Mobility 6, no. 1 (2018): 79–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jgm-07-2017-0026.
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Purpose Researchers and practitioners are interested in developing frameworks that can improve the understanding of the emerging field of global talent management (GTM) within and across the subsidiaries of multinational enterprises (MNEs). A few studies have proposed such frameworks but only implicitly include constructs at different levels of analysis. This paper is a step toward bridging the gap. Grounded in multi-level theory, international human resources management (IHRM) frameworks, and the ability-motivation-opportunity model, the purpose of this paper is to develop a multi-level framework that describes the processes through which antecedents at four levels of analysis affect a subsidiary’s GTM system, which in turn directly affects outcomes at three levels of analysis. Design/methodology/approach This paper develops a multi-level framework that describes the processes through which antecedents at four levels of analysis affect a subsidiary’s GTM system. Along with including four levels of analysis and highlighting cross-level interactions in our proposed multi-level framework, several testable propositions are offered. Findings The framework developed in this paper depicts the causal relationship between the subsidiary IHRM strategy (subsidiary level) and subsidiary GTM system (subsidiary level), and the several moderating variables that specify conditions under which the subsidiary IHRM Strategy affects a subsidiary GTM system. The moderator variables include national culture distance (country level), MNE headquarters (HQ) orientation (MNE HQ level), and the required dynamic cross-cultural competencies (expatriate level). In addition, the framework shows the outcomes of a subsidiary’s GTM system across three levels: knowledge transfer (MNE HQ level), localization (subsidiary level), and cross-cultural learning (expatriate level). In the context of multi-level analyses (the authors discuss this next), the framework shows several top-down processes (e.g. P2, P4 and P5) and several bottom-up processes (e.g. P3 and P7). Research limitations/implications The proposed multi-level framework describes important antecedents and outcomes of a subsidiary’s GTM system, and proposes several propositions for future empirical and theoretical research that could be the focus of a systematic research program and agenda on GTM in subsidiaries. In addition, the proposed framework enables us to advance the GTM literature by improving the understanding of and offering insights about the GTM system of a subsidiary, and specifically contribute to research in IHRM and GTM in a number of ways. Practical implications Existing scholarly GTM frameworks used by practitioners do not take into account the multi-level complexities that exist when a subsidiary IHRM strategy may not align with the subsidiary GTM system. As such, both practitioners and researchers would benefit by adopting a multi-level framework that accounts for these complexities and how they interact with one another to influence the way subsidiaries manage their expatriate talent. Originality/value By using multi-level theory to examine subsidiary GTM systems, the authors advance both the GTM literature and the IHRM literature. Overall, this paper attempts to shift the focus of each subsidiary’s GTM system to a broader, multi-level perspective and contribute to new theory building in GTM research, specifically in subsidiary GTM-MNE research and provide some thoughtful suggestions for HR practitioners wanting to enhance the effectiveness of their MNEs.
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Smith, Mike, and Helen Sullivan. "Developing Frameworks for Examining Community Participation in a Multi-Level Environment." Local Economy: The Journal of the Local Economy Policy Unit 18, no. 3 (2003): 237–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0269094032000114586.
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The purpose of this paper is to explore public participation from the perspective of two parallel developments in English urban governance since 1997: namely the attempts to modernise local government and area-based approaches employed to tackle social exclusion. The paper will situate these developments within a system of multi-level governance and highlight the significance of the locality-neighbourhood axis. The paper seeks to explicate current changes by drawing on theories of governance. The emphasis on mechanisms that bring together relevant local interests to secure coherence and stability in matters of local governance, combined with the specific focus on the role of citizens and communities as key partners in these arrangements resonates strongly with the key concerns of regime theory. The strengths and limitations of regime theory are discussed with particular reference to matters of contextual specificity. Community Governance is then introduced as a means of better understanding the institutional framework of English localities and, we argue, of providing a sounder basis for the application of regime theory. More powerful still is the potential synthesis of regime approaches with different interpretations of community governance and the paper concludes by drawing on recent developments in English localities to elaborate the potential offered by the this synthesised framework.
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Elken, Mari. "‘EU-on-demand’: developing national qualifications frameworks in a multi-level context." European Educational Research Journal 15, no. 6 (2016): 628–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1474904116642778.
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ROTH, CAMILLE. "SOCIO-SEMANTIC FRAMEWORKS." Advances in Complex Systems 16, no. 04n05 (2013): 1350013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219525913500136.
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Socio-technical systems involve agents who create and process knowledge, exchange information and create ties between ideas in a distributed and networked manner: webloggers, communities of scientists, software developers and wiki contributors are, among others, examples of such networks. The state-of-the-art in this regard focuses on two main issues which are generally addressed in an independent manner: the description of content dynamics and the study of social network characteristics and evolution. This paper relies on recent endeavors to merge both types of dynamics into co-evolutionary, multi-level modeling frameworks, where social and semantic aspects are being jointly appraised. Case studies featuring socio-semantic graphs, socio-semantic hypergraphs and socio-semantic lattices are notably discussed.
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Balakrishnan, Jaydeep, Ayesha Malhotra, and Loren Falkenberg. "Multi-Level Corporate Responsibility: A Comparison of Gandhi’s Trusteeship with Stakeholder and Stewardship Frameworks." Journal of Business Ethics 141, no. 1 (2015): 133–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10551-015-2687-0.
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Jin, Yanmei, Tinghuan Huang, Weiwei Zhao, Xinan Yang, Ye Meng, and Peihua Ma. "A study on the self-assembly mode and supramolecular framework of complexes of cucurbit[6]urils and 1-(4-methoxyphenyl)piperazine." RSC Advances 10, no. 61 (2020): 37369–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0ra07988j.
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Complexes were formed between the positive charge of the cucurbit[n]uril outer wall and inorganic anions, thus generating self-assemblies with multi-dimensional and multi-level supramolecular frameworks.
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Pomares, Egoitz. "Alternative Learning Frameworks: Workplace Innovation Programmes and Smart Specialisation Policies in the Basque Country." International Journal of Action Research, no. 2-3/2018 (January 11, 2019): 181–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.3224/ijar.v14i2-3.08.
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The paper explores alternative learning frameworks addressing the adaptation of socio-economic institutions to emerging technological paradigms. Based on workplace innovation and development programmes, an exploratory model is presented considering multi-level governance issues. The framework can contribute to better policy implementation of smart specialisation strategies, considering workplace innovation programmes as institutional entrepreneurs. In this sense the framework is applied, in a constructivist way, to regional, sub-regional and organisational institutional contexts.
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Wang, Peng, and Li Ning Xing. "A Collaborative Framework for Information Security Management System Using Intelligent Multi-Agent." Key Engineering Materials 460-461 (January 2011): 428–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.460-461.428.
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Business use of Internet has exposed security as one of the key-factors for successful online competition. There are very few sound existing ISG frameworks that can effectively guide most organizations in their information security governance endeavors. This paper presents a collaborative framework for information security management system in order to elucidate how information security should be addressed at an executive level. The advanced intelligent multi-agent technology is applied in this proposed framework. In order to evaluate the proposed framework, this paper describes a prototype system based on this proposed collaborative framework. This prototype system suggests that the proposed collaborative framework is feasible, correct and valid.
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Franzén, Magnus. "Local Governments as Nodes for Greenhouse Gas Abatement: Climate Change Governance in Multi- Level Frameworks." European Journal of Sustainable Development 2, no. 4 (2013): 361. http://dx.doi.org/10.14207/ejsd.2013.v2n4p361.
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This research concentrates on the governance aspects of sustainability, and moreparticularly how local governments can work asnodes in a wider system of governance.The question at the center of the study is: how do cities address climate change mitigationand how do their actions relate to other levels of governance? The study takes a mixedqualitative-quantitative approach based on a multi-level theoretical framework to addressthe issue. The study concentrates on a smallnumber of cases and the material used isfound in official documents and semi-structured interviews with key individuals in thelocal governments. The results of the study show that the cities investigated do takeaction to mitigate climate change; however,their actions are heavily dependent on otherlevels of governance, i.e. regional or national, or other actors. This dependence,nonetheless, seems to be reciprocal. Thus, cities can constitute nodes or hubs in thegovernance of climate change mitigation,working simultaneously as actors ofimplementation and channelizing local knowledge and input.
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Lv, Yahui, Chao Zhang, Jiani Ma, Wenju Yun, Lulu Gao, and Pengshan Li. "Sustainability Assessment of Smallholder Farmland Systems: Healthy Farmland System Assessment Framework." Sustainability 11, no. 17 (2019): 4525. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11174525.
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Agriculture sustainability assessment is conducive to promoting sustainable agriculture construction and sustainable development. Modern agriculture and modern small-peasant production have different requirements for agriculture sustainability. Related studies provided assessment frameworks for many parts of the world. However, existing frameworks have distinct limitations and are not applicable to modern small-peasant economy (MSE) areas, such as China. The purpose of this study is regarding China as an example to construct a healthy farmland system assessment framework (HFSAF), to assess smallholder farmland systems’ sustainability. HFSAF’s theoretical basis, indicator system, data preparation methods, multi-level aggregation rule and results description method are presented in this paper. HFSAF is a multi-level indicator system with adjustable parameters, covering environment, economy and society aspects, including three dimensions, nine visions, 15 themes and 40 basic indicators. Taking Da’an City, Jilin Province, China as the study area to implement HFSAF. The assessment results prove HFSAF can be used to assess agricultural sustainability in MSE areas with limited agro-resource supplies, to assist the sustainable decision-making and regional agriculture remold.
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Et. al., Jaipal Reddy Yeruva ,. "Microscopic Image Retrieval Scheme Using Neural Network For Multi Image Queries." Turkish Journal of Computer and Mathematics Education (TURCOMAT) 12, no. 2 (2021): 1357–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/turcomat.v12i2.1346.
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In this paper, we describe the plan and advancement of a neural network based image retrieval framework for microscopic images using a reference information base that contains images of more than one information. Such an extraction requires a point by point assessment of retrieval execution of image highlights. This paper presents a survey of crucial parts of content based image retrieval including highlight extraction of color and surface highlights. The proposed neural network based image retrieval framework utilizes a multitier way to deal with arrange and recover microscopic images including their particular subtypes, which are generally hard to separate and characterize. Broad examinations on neural network based image retrieval frameworks show that low-level image highlights can't generally depict elevated level semantic ideas in the clients mind. This framework empowers multi-image inquiry to ensure the semantic consistency among the recovered images. New weighting terms, roused from information retrieval hypothesis, are characterized for multiple-image inquiry and retrieval. The multi-image inquiry calculation with the proposed weighting technique accomplishes about normal order exactness at the main position retrieval, beating the image-level retrieval precision by about ideal rate focuses for different infections separately. Utilizing low level highlights just does exclude human insight. In the event that human mediation is permitted in the image retrieval framework the proficiency supports up.
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Stack, Rhian, Nerida Leal, Sarah Stamp, Bianca Reveruzzi, Katrina Middlin, and Alexia Lennon. "Complex evaluations in the political context: Engaging stakeholders in evaluation design." Evaluation Journal of Australasia 18, no. 2 (2018): 122–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1035719x18778699.
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While evaluators can often access examples of complex evaluation frameworks and reports, detailed information about the processes used to develop these frameworks is less available. This article provides insight into the development of an evaluation framework for a whole-of-government multi-component reform program, being implemented by stakeholders over a 10-year period. This program incorporates multiple tiers (activity-level and program-level) of evaluations, planned at critical points of implementation. This article focuses on the consultation process adopted in developing an evaluation framework to capture implementation progress and program outcomes and impacts at three different time points. A consultative, iterative approach, emphasizing stakeholder engagement, was adopted to mitigate the effects of challenges of responding to the variable nature of the program and multiple stakeholders with a vested interest in its implementation. Continual reflection and quality improvement allowed these challenges to be addressed, and will continue to allow lessons learned from earlier evaluations to inform the design of future studies.
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Mehrabi, Sepide, Juan Carlos Perez-Mesa, and Cynthia Giagnocavo. "The Role of Consumer-Citizens and Connectedness to Nature in the Sustainable Transition to Agroecological Food Systems: The Mediation of Innovative Business Models and a Multi-Level Perspective." Agriculture 12, no. 2 (2022): 203. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture12020203.
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Conventional agricultural systems have contributed to social, economic and environmental problems and are the main threat to global sustainability. In response, theoretical frameworks to describe the transition to sustainable food systems have been proposed, emphasizing the necessity to shift from farm-level solutions to a focus on interactions within the entire value chain, from production to consumption. Despite the emphasis on the importance and potential of consumers to contribute to sustainable agri-food transitions, approaches to their role have remained within the traditional, linear supply chain framework. Marketing approaches view consumers as passive actors, limited to voting with their wallets, which has deepened the disconnection between consumers, producers and nature, resulting in a triple fracture. We analyze the role of the consumer in agri-food systems, contrasting marketing approaches with other consumers/citizens concepts and locate them within sustainability transition frameworks and a multi-level perspective. We discuss the re-establishment of the connection between farmers and consumers and human–nature connectedness and explore this connection mediated through innovative business models, which act as niche innovations with the capacity to influence regimes and landscapes within the multi-level perspective. The role of consumers/citizens in the co-creation of innovative business models is also addressed.
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Srivastava, Rohit. "Score-Level Multimodal Biometric Authentication of Humans Using Retina, Fingerprint, and Fingervein." International Journal of Applied Evolutionary Computation 11, no. 3 (2020): 20–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijaec.2020070102.
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This paper characterizes a multi-modular framework for confirmation, dependent on the biometric combination of retina, finger vein, and unique mark acknowledgment. The authors have proposed feature extraction in retina acknowledgment model by utilizing SIFT and MINUTIA. Security is the fundamental idea in ATM (Automated Teller Machines) today. The use of multi-modular biometrics can be ATM. The work includes three biometric attributes of a client to be specific retina, unique mark, and finger veins. These are pre-prepared and joined (fused) together for score level combination approach. Retina is chosen as a biometric attribute as there are no parallel retina feature matches except if they are of the comparative client; likewise, retina has a decent vessel design making it a decent confirming methodology when contrasted with other biometric attributes. Security is found in the framework by multi-modular biometric combination of retina with finger vein and unique finger impression. Feature extraction approach and cryptography are utilized so as to accomplish security. The element extraction is finished with the assistance of MINUTIA and SIFT calculation, which are at that point characterized utilizing deep neural network (DNN). The element key focuses are intertwined at score level utilizing separation normal and later matched. The test result assessed utilizing MATLAB delineates the significant improvement in the presentation of multi-modular biometric frameworks with higher qualities in GAR and FAR rates.
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Alonso, Alba. "Who learns what from whom? Implementing gender mainstreaming in multi-level settings." European Journal of Women's Studies 24, no. 2 (2016): 174–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1350506816632560.
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With obstacles at various levels of government, multi-level settings provide complex challenges for the implementation of gender mainstreaming. Policy transfer appears to hold some explanatory potential in these sorts of contexts; scholarship however, still tends to focus on single sources of influence – either European or domestic – and potentially misses the broader picture. This article revisits the classic question of who learns what from whom by addressing the implementation of gender mainstreaming in research policies in the Spanish regions through the lens of policy transfer. Measures to tackle gender inequality in science have been developed at the EU, state and regional levels, thus enabling the three regions studied here – Galicia, the Basque Country and the Balearic Islands – to ‘borrow’ good practices from different layers of government. This article suggests that more nuanced frameworks, recognizing that multi-level settings are potential sites for complex lesson-drawing processes, are likely to offer greater explanatory depth.
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Moors, Alison, Amy Weisenburgh-Snyder, and Joanne Robbins. "Integrating frequency-based mathematics instruction with a multi-level assessment system to enhance response to intervention frameworks." Behavior Analyst Today 11, no. 4 (2010): 226–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/h0100703.
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Porras-Gómez, Antonio-Martín. "Metagovernance and Control of Multi-level Governance Frameworks: The Case of the EU Structural Funds Financial Execution." Regional & Federal Studies 24, no. 2 (2013): 173–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13597566.2013.858707.
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Chung, Chao-chen. "Technological innovation systems in multi-level governance frameworks: The case of Taiwan's biodiesel innovation system (1997–2016)." Journal of Cleaner Production 184 (May 2018): 130–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.02.185.
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Perroni, Ana Paula, Érica Alves Gomes, Amália Machado Bielemann, et al. "Influence of Resin Cements on the Tension Force of Cast Frameworks Made by the Technique of Framework Cemented on Prepared Abutments." Brazilian Dental Journal 26, no. 4 (2015): 390–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0103-6440201302423.
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<p>This study evaluated the tension force of cast frameworks made by the technique of framework cemented on prepared abutments using two different resin cements. Forty multi-unit abutment analogs were individually fixed with chemically cured acrylic resin inside PVC cylinders using a parallelometer. Brass cylindrical abutments were tightened to the multi-unit abutments to be used as spacers and then castable UCLA abutments were positioned above. These abutments were cast with Ni-Cr and then divided into 4 groups (n=10): cemented with RelyX U100(r); cemented with RelyX U100(r) and simulation of acrylic resin polymerization process; cemented with Multilink(r); and cemented with Multilink(r) and simulation of acrylic resin polymerization process. Abutments were cemented according to manufacturers' instructions. In a universal testing machine, tensile strength was applied in the direction of the long axis of the abutments at 1 mm/min crosshead speed until displacement of the luted abutments was obtained. The values of maximum tensile force (N) required for the displacement of the luted abutments were tabulated and analyzed statistically by one-way ANOVA with a 95% confidence level. No statistically significant difference was found among the groups (p>0.05). There was an increase in mean tension force when the specimens were subjected to the simulation of acrylic resin polymerization process, but the results did not differ statistically. Both resin cements presented positive results as regards the retention of luted abutments on their respective multi-unit abutments. Both materials may be indicated for the technique of framework cemented on prepared abutments when professionals pursuit better adaptation of implant-supported frameworks.</p>
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Zheng, Xianwei, Yuan Yan Tang, Jiantao Zhou, et al. "Multi-Level Downsampling of Graph Signals via Improved Maximum Spanning Trees." International Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence 33, no. 03 (2019): 1958005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218001419580059.
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Graph signal processing (GSP) is an emerging field in the signal processing community. Novel GSP-based transforms, such as graph Fourier transform and graph wavelet filter banks, have been successfully utilized in image processing and pattern recognition. As a rapidly developing research area, graph signal processing aims to extend classical signal processing techniques to signals with irregular underlying structures. One of the hot topics in GSP is to develop multi-scale transforms such that novel GSP-based techniques can be applied in image processing or other related areas. For designing graph signal multi-scale frameworks, downsampling operations that ensuring multi-level downsampling should be specifically constructed. Among the existing downsampling methods in graph signal processing, the state-of-the-art method was constructed based on the maximum spanning tree (MST). However, when using this method for multi-level downsampling of graph signals defined on unweighted densely connected graphs, such as social network data, the sampling rates are not close to [Formula: see text]. This phenomenon is summarized as a new problem and called downsampling unbalance problem in this paper. Due to the unbalance, MST-based downsampling method cannot be applied to construct graph signal multi-scale transforms. In this paper, we propose a novel and efficient method to detect and reduce the downsampling unbalance generated by the MST-based method. For any given graph signal, we apply the graph density to construct a measurement of the downsampling unbalance generated by the MST-based method. If a graph signal has large unbalance possibility, the multi-level downsampling is conducted after the MST is improved. The experimental results on synthetic and real-world social network data show that downsampling unbalance can be efficiently detected and then reduced by our method.
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Zhang, Xinxiang, Lijun Hu, Manjula Salimath, and Ching-Chung Kuo. "Developing Evaluation Frameworks for Business Models in China’s Rural Markets." Sustainability 11, no. 1 (2018): 118. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11010118.
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In rural China, successful and sustainable business model design has been viewed as an important strategy to achieve a win–win scenario in which rural poverty can be alleviated and enterprise profit can be improved. Although business model related literature is strong, it lacks a comprehensive framework for appraising business models in rural markets. As a result, entrepreneurs are facing significant challenges in implementing their market development centered business models or resource development centered business models. This study draws on case analysis to present two frameworks for evaluating the two types of business models, respectively. Through open coding and axial coding on eight Chinese cases, we identify the main components for the evaluation frameworks and critical factors within each component. Using the coding results as a lens, we apply a cross-case comparative data analysis to establish the multi-level evaluation systems. Finally, we provide suggestions for entrepreneurs and other stakeholders to better their business model design in China’s rural markets.
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Tatham, Michaël. "Devolution and EU policy-shaping: bridging the gap between multi-level governance and liberal intergovernmentalism." European Political Science Review 3, no. 1 (2011): 53–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1755773910000329.
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This paper argues that the impact of devolution has been largely misperceived in both liberal intergovernmentalist (LI) and multi-level governance (MLG) accounts of European Union (EU) politics. To address the shortcomings of both LI and MLG, a new data set measuring institutionalized regional involvement in the domestic EU policy-shaping process in the EU-27 is presented. Analysis shows that the relationship between devolution and institutionalized regional involvement is overall positive but non-linear, with a strong threshold effect that is best captured by a quadratic function. The causal nature of the link between devolution and institutionalized regional involvement is ascertained through qualitative means using process tracing and Mill’s method of difference. The article concludes with the necessary updating of MLG and LI frameworks to account for the impact of devolution on EU policy-shaping.
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Sekeroglu, Kazim, and Ömer Muhammet Soysal. "Multi-Perspective Hierarchical Deep-Fusion Learning Framework for Lung Nodule Classification." Sensors 22, no. 22 (2022): 8949. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22228949.
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Lung cancer is the leading cancer type that causes mortality in both men and women. Computer-aided detection (CAD) and diagnosis systems can play a very important role for helping physicians with cancer treatments. This study proposes a hierarchical deep-fusion learning scheme in a CAD framework for the detection of nodules from computed tomography (CT) scans. In the proposed hierarchical approach, a decision is made at each level individually employing the decisions from the previous level. Further, individual decisions are computed for several perspectives of a volume of interest. This study explores three different approaches to obtain decisions in a hierarchical fashion. The first model utilizes raw images. The second model uses a single type of feature image having salient content. The last model employs multi-type feature images. All models learn the parameters by means of supervised learning. The proposed CAD frameworks are tested using lung CT scans from the LIDC/IDRI database. The experimental results showed that the proposed multi-perspective hierarchical fusion approach significantly improves the performance of the classification. The proposed hierarchical deep-fusion learning model achieved a sensitivity of 95% with only 0.4 fp/scan.
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Jansen, Louisa J. M., and Patrick P. Kalas. "Improving Governance of Tenure in Policy and Practice: A Conceptual Basis to Analyze Multi-Stakeholder Partnerships for Multi-Stakeholder Transformative Governance Illustrated with an Example from South Africa." Sustainability 12, no. 23 (2020): 9901. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12239901.
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Tenure governance is a complex and multi-dimensional issue that requires cross-sectoral and holistic approaches, gathering the resources, information and expert skills of a variety of actors while exploring innovative, polycentric multi-stakeholder governance arrangements to address collective action challenges. To do this, multi-stakeholder partnerships are formed where public and private partners pool their resources and competencies to address mutual goals more effectively. A coherent theoretical framework to analyze multi-stakeholder partnerships as part of multi-stakeholder governance is presented based on internal conditions and the external environment. The paper expands existing frameworks to analyze multi-stakeholder partnerships through introducing a new element the deliberative capacity, a decisive success factor for the effectiveness of multi-stakeholder partnerships for multi-stakeholder transformative governance at the national level. Moreover, the practical applicability of this expanded framework is illustrated in a real case example in South Africa. This country-driven, inclusive multi-stakeholder partnership process, which integrates a variety of actors in collective decision-making on the land reform process as part of a multi-stakeholder governance process, is used as an illustration of the above framework. Such a partnership linked to multi-stakeholder governance is the key instrument to attain agreement and recognition for the dedicated implementation and monitoring of the ‘Voluntary Guidelines on the Responsible Governance of Tenure of Land, Fisheries and Forests in the Context of National Food Security’ (VGGT). The investment made by the different stakeholders in this organically constituted partnership may add to a greater transformative potential in the VGGT implementation and monitoring process, and the probability that the situation on the ground will change sustainably given the explicit linkage to national governance arrangements.
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Borin, Elena, and Fabio Donato. "Unlocking the potential of IC in Italian cultural ecosystems." Journal of Intellectual Capital 16, no. 2 (2015): 285–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jic-12-2014-0131.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore the consistence of an ecosystem framework within the cultural sector and investigate the potential role of intellectual capital (IC) in cultural ecosystems. Design/methodology/approach – The paper presents the results of an empirical research carried out within a specific Italian area, the Po Delta. It was based on sound theoretical analysis and group interviews focusing on three main discussion topics. Findings – The research validated the consistence of ecosystem frameworks in relation to the cultural sector and the key role played by IC in their design, creation and implementation. It also highlighted the idea that this perspective is part of a broader rethinking process of the cultural field. Research limitations/implications – The research was carried out within a specific geographical area. The results, however, indicate the need for further research on the potential of IC in cultural ecosystems, in light of both a comparative and international perspective. Practical implications – The research highlights the emergence of new frameworks and highlights the role of IC in new governance models in the cultural sector. Social implications – The analysis underlines the need for new governance systems based on a bottom-up approach, multi-level and multi-stakeholder frameworks, and potentially bringing important societal changes. Originality/value – The concept of IC ecosystems remains a relatively unexplored field within the cultural sector. This paper could make a valuable contribution to the debate on new governance systems in this field.
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Gautier, Quentin, Alric Althoff, Christopher L. Crutchfield, and Ryan Kastner. "Sherlock: A Multi-Objective Design Space Exploration Framework." ACM Transactions on Design Automation of Electronic Systems 27, no. 4 (2022): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3511472.
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Design space exploration (DSE) provides intelligent methods to tune the large number of optimization parameters present in modern FPGA high-level synthesis tools. High-level synthesis parameter tuning is a time-consuming process due to lengthy hardware compilation times—synthesizing an FPGA design can take tens of hours. DSE helps find an optimal solution faster than brute-force methods without relying on designer intuition to achieve high-quality results. Sherlock is a DSE framework that can handle multiple conflicting optimization objectives and aggressively focuses on finding Pareto-optimal solutions. Sherlock integrates a model selection process to choose the regression model that helps reach the optimal solution faster. Sherlock designs a strategy based around the multi-armed bandit problem, opting to balance exploration and exploitation based on the learned and expected results. Sherlock can decrease the importance of models that do not provide correct estimates, reaching the optimal design faster. Sherlock is capable of tailoring its choice of regression models to the problem at hand, leading to a model that best reflects the application design space. We have tested the framework on a large dataset of FPGA design problems and found that Sherlock converges toward the set of optimal designs faster than similar frameworks.
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Edwards, Niki, Chris Bain, Allyson Mutch, Julie Dean, and Nicholas Lennox. "A multi-level ecological model of psychotropic prescribing to adults with intellectual disability." Advances in Mental Health and Intellectual Disabilities 8, no. 1 (2013): 24–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/amhid-01-2013-0001.
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Purpose – Simple linear accounts of prescribing do not adequately address reasons “why” doctors prescribe psychotropic medication to people with intellectual disability (ID). Greater understanding of the complex array of factors that influence decisions to prescribe is needed. Design/methodology/approach – After consideration of a number of conceptual frameworks that have potential to better understand prescribing of psychotropic medication to adults with ID, an ecological model of prescribing was developed. A case study is used to outline how the model can provide greater understanding of prescribing processes. Findings – The model presented aims to consider the complexity and multi-dimensional nature of community-based psychotropic prescribing to adults with ID. The utility of the model is illustrated through a consideration of the case study. Research limitations/implications – The model presented is conceptual and is as yet untested. Practical implications – The model presented aims to capture the complexity and multi-dimensional nature of community-based psychotropic prescribing to adults with ID. The model may provide utility for clinicians and researchers as they seek clarification of prescribing decisions. Originality/value – The paper adds valuable insight into factors influencing psychotropic prescribing to adults with ID. The ecological model of prescribing extends traditional analysis that focuses on patient characteristics and introduces multi-level perspectives that may provide utility for clinicians and researchers.
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Tepjit, Sirasak, Imre Horváth, and Zoltán Rusák. "The state of framework development for implementing reasoning mechanisms in smart cyber-physical systems: A literature review." Journal of Computational Design and Engineering 6, no. 4 (2019): 527–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcde.2019.04.002.
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Abstract Smart CPSs (S-CPSs) have been evolving beyond what was identified by the traditional definitions of CPSs. The objective of our research is to investigate the concepts and implementations of reasoning processes for S-CPSs, and more specifically, the frameworks proposed for the fuzzy front end of their reasoning mechanisms. The objectives of the paper are: (i) to analyze the framework concepts and implementations of CPS, (ii) to review the literature concerning system-level reasoning and its enablers from the points of view of the processed knowledge, building awareness, reasoning mechanisms, decision making, and adaptation. Our findings are: (i) awareness and adaptation behaviors are considered as system-level smartness of S-CPSs that are not achieved by traditional design approaches; (ii) model-based and composability approaches insufficiently support the development of reasoning mechanisms for S-CPSs; (iii) frameworks for development of reasoning in S-CPS should support compositional design. Based on the conclusions above, we argue that coping with the challenges of compositionality requires both software-level integration and holistic fusion of knowledge by means of semantic transformations. This entails the need for a multi aspect framework that is able to capture at least conceptual, functional, architectural, informational, interoperation, and behavioral aspects. It needs further investigation if a compositionality enabling framework should appear in the form of a meta-framework (abstract) or in the form of a semantically integrated (concrete) framework. Highlights Smartness in CPSs is a holistic and synergistic behavioral characteristic. Complex mental representations are compositional. Compositionality is necessary for smart CPSs. Without a rigorous unifying framework, designing synthesis reasoning remains ad hoc.
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Kearney, Michael, Stephen J. Simpson, David Raubenheimer, and Brian Helmuth. "Modelling the ecological niche from functional traits." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 365, no. 1557 (2010): 3469–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2010.0034.
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The niche concept is central to ecology but is often depicted descriptively through observing associations between organisms and habitats. Here, we argue for the importance of mechanistically modelling niches based on functional traits of organisms and explore the possibilities for achieving this through the integration of three theoretical frameworks: biophysical ecology (BE), the geometric framework for nutrition (GF) and dynamic energy budget (DEB) models. These three frameworks are fundamentally based on the conservation laws of thermodynamics, describing energy and mass balance at the level of the individual and capturing the prodigious predictive power of the concepts of ‘homeostasis’ and ‘evolutionary fitness’. BE and the GF provide mechanistic multi-dimensional depictions of climatic and nutritional niches, respectively, providing a foundation for linking organismal traits (morphology, physiology, behaviour) with habitat characteristics. In turn, they provide driving inputs and cost functions for mass/energy allocation within the individual as determined by DEB models. We show how integration of the three frameworks permits calculation of activity constraints, vital rates (survival, development, growth, reproduction) and ultimately population growth rates and species distributions. When integrated with contemporary niche theory, functional trait niche models hold great promise for tackling major questions in ecology and evolutionary biology.
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Angelucci, Alba, Roberta Marzorati, and Eduardo Barberis. "The (mis)recognition of diversity in Italy between policy and practice: The case of Milan." European Urban and Regional Studies 26, no. 3 (2019): 254–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0969776419854500.
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The article analyses the discourses, strategies and daily practices about diversity in Milan, Italy, framing them at different scales: (a) the national model of integration; (b) the city-level debate and policy framework about diversity; (c) the neighbourhood-level initiatives addressing (directly or indirectly) diversity; (d) representations and narratives about diversity among the residents of two neighbourhoods in the city. Drawing on qualitative research conducted between 2013 and 2015 with 33 interviews with key officials and policymakers and 52 interviews with inhabitants of two neighbourhoods in Milan, this work aims at disentangling how multi-scalar representations intertwine and intersect, to what extent the different scales influence each other and with what consequences on the multi-level governance of urban diversity. Considering both the bottom-up and the top-down perspectives, the results will highlight the detachment between people’s narratives and representations and the local and national frameworks of discourses and policy practice, especially focusing on the reasons for and consequences of this detachment, and on the role that the meso level of local initiatives has in connecting the macro and the micro levels. The focus on the meso level allows one to underline the weaknesses and potentialities of the urban policy level in fostering the production of an institutional environment that is able to acknowledge and promote diversity.
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Soni, S., and J. S. Shah. "QoS frameworks for Multimedia Traffic in Mobile Adhoc Networks: A Comparative Review." Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research 7, no. 3 (2017): 1708–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.48084/etasr.1131.
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MANETs (Mobile Adhoc Networks) has gained an increased interest by the research community. Regular intelligent exchanges of multimedia will be typical in MANET, though the extended motivation on QoS (Quality of Service). However, various properties of the discussed QoS framework are provisioned for QoS as a challenging concern. Providing QoS provisioning is, to a great degree, challenging in MANETs in view of bouncing correspondences, center point movability and nonattendance of central coordination. Thus, most of the research has focused on giving QoS guarantees in MANETs coordinating traditions. Though huge numbers of QoS coordinating procedures have been proposed in composing, focusing on different QoS estimations yet none of the prescribed or discussed frameworks achieves a universal course of action. There exist several genuine necessary research areas of focus such as QoS metric assurance and cost limit layout, source level scheduling framework and QoS coordinating. In this paper, working and connecting of various QoS frameworks for MANETs is investigated throughout several veritable focus areas of research. After a comparative review, it is concluded that there is still a good scope of research for proposing a QoS framework for MANETs which could have cross-layer advantages, resource reservation, connection admission control, multi-constrained QoS parameters, hard QoS assurance, proactive routing advantages etc.
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Pereira, João, Joana Alves, Bernardo Rodrigues, et al. "HTA Reshaping: Rethinking the Health Technology Assessment Framework in Portugal." Portuguese Journal of Public Health 39, no. 1 (2021): 36–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000516501.
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<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Health technology assessment (HTA) aims to provide decision makers with relevant data to make informed choices. Recent changes in the Portuguese HTA framework have altered substantially the assessment methodology with regard to economic evaluation, with potential impacts on access and process efficiency. The HTA Reshaping Project had as its main objective informing the debate on HTA in Portugal, thereby identifying improvement opportunities and solutions to the HTA framework that address future challenges. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> The project comprised several phases, i.e., (1) mapping and evaluation of different HTA frameworks across Europe, identifying best practices and key variables to consider in future frameworks; (2) conduction of in-depth interviews with relevant stakeholders (<i>n</i> = 11); and (3) development of 2 workshops – one with young professionals (<i>n</i> = 12) and another with relevant HTA stakeholders (<i>n</i> = 19) – to consolidate and further explore vital elements of HTA, aimed at brainstorming ideas and developing solutions to improve some of the most critical points, with a view to addressing future challenges. <b><i>Results:</i></b> The comparison of HTA frameworks showed that their purpose and sophistication vary across European countries. For example, the need for economic evidence is not unanimous, and reimbursement agreements vary considerably. Among the stakeholders interviewed there was a high level of agreement on priorities that should be addressed, e.g., expanding and creating national level registries and assuring patient participation throughout the HTA process. The possibility of using managed entry agreements to enhance patients’ access, applying multi-indication pricing for medicines with different therapeutic values per indication, and improvement of registry/system interoperability gathered a moderate level of agreement. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> The Portuguese HTA framework might be further adapted to upcoming challenges and should evolve to improve access to innovative therapies. There is still a long path towards the convergence of HTA frameworks in EU member states.
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Wang, Quansen, Anqiang Li, and Chengwei Lu. "Multi-objective Optimization of Large-scale Multi-reservoir Flood Control Operation." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2333, no. 1 (2022): 012016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2333/1/012016.
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Abstract Joint operation of reservoir group is an important method for flood mitigation. Most of the existing flood control operation methods only focus on a single reservoir and a single object, which cannot take into account the coordination and complementarity of different reservoirs, and it is difficult to comprehensively consider the safety of multiple flood control objectives in the upstream and downstream of the basin. In this context, this paper proposed a multi-objective modeling and optimization method for flood control operation of large-scale reservoir groups based on different pre-set frameworks. 12 large reservoirs in the Yangtze River Basin were selected as a case. The results show that the proposed method can reasonably and effectively deal with the complex optimization problem of large-scale reservoir group operation scheme, and can further improve the intelligent level of multi-reservoir joint flood control operation.
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Liu, Zhan-Sheng, Xin-Tong Meng, Ze-Zhong Xing, Cun-Fa Cao, Yue-Yue Jiao, and An-Xiu Li. "Digital Twin-Based Intelligent Safety Risks Prediction of Prefabricated Construction Hoisting." Sustainability 14, no. 9 (2022): 5179. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14095179.
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Prefabricated construction hoisting has one of the highest rates of fatalities and injuries compared to other construction processes, despite technological advancements and implementations of safety initiatives. Current safety risk management frameworks lack tools that are able to process in-situ data efficiently and predict risk in advance, which makes it difficult to guarantee the safety of hoisting. Thus, this article proposed an intelligent safety risk prediction framework of prefabricated construction hoisting. It can predict the hoisting risk in real-time and investigate the spatial-temporal evolution law of the risk. Firstly, the multi-dimensional and multi-scale Digital Twin model is built by collecting the hoisting information. Secondly, a Digital Twin-Support Vector Machine (DT-SVM) algorithm is proposed to process the data stored in the virtual model and collected on the site. A case study of a prefabricated construction project reveals its prediction function and deduces the spatial-temporal evolution law of hoisting risk. The proposed method has made advancements in improving the safety management level of prefabricated hoisting. Moreover, the proposed method is able to identify the deficiencies regarding digital-twin-level control methods, which can be improved towards automatic controls in future studies.
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Liu, Zhan-Sheng, Xin-Tong Meng, Ze-Zhong Xing, Cun-Fa Cao, Yue-Yue Jiao, and An-Xiu Li. "Digital Twin-Based Intelligent Safety Risks Prediction of Prefabricated Construction Hoisting." Sustainability 14, no. 9 (2022): 5179. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14095179.
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Prefabricated construction hoisting has one of the highest rates of fatalities and injuries compared to other construction processes, despite technological advancements and implementations of safety initiatives. Current safety risk management frameworks lack tools that are able to process in-situ data efficiently and predict risk in advance, which makes it difficult to guarantee the safety of hoisting. Thus, this article proposed an intelligent safety risk prediction framework of prefabricated construction hoisting. It can predict the hoisting risk in real-time and investigate the spatial-temporal evolution law of the risk. Firstly, the multi-dimensional and multi-scale Digital Twin model is built by collecting the hoisting information. Secondly, a Digital Twin-Support Vector Machine (DT-SVM) algorithm is proposed to process the data stored in the virtual model and collected on the site. A case study of a prefabricated construction project reveals its prediction function and deduces the spatial-temporal evolution law of hoisting risk. The proposed method has made advancements in improving the safety management level of prefabricated hoisting. Moreover, the proposed method is able to identify the deficiencies regarding digital-twin-level control methods, which can be improved towards automatic controls in future studies.
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Jiang, Runhao, Jie Zhang, Rui Yan, and Huajin Tang. "Few-Shot Learning in Spiking Neural Networks by Multi-Timescale Optimization." Neural Computation 33, no. 9 (2021): 2439–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/neco_a_01423.
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Abstract Learning new concepts rapidly from a few examples is an open issue in spike-based machine learning. This few-shot learning imposes substantial challenges to the current learning methodologies of spiking neuron networks (SNNs) due to the lack of task-related priori knowledge. The recent learning-to-learn (L2L) approach allows SNNs to acquire priori knowledge through example-level learning and task-level optimization. However, existing L2L-based frameworks do not target the neural dynamics (i.e., neuronal and synaptic parameter changes) on different timescales. This diversity of temporal dynamics is an important attribute in spike-based learning, which facilitates the networks to rapidly acquire knowledge from very few examples and gradually integrate this knowledge. In this work, we consider the neural dynamics on various timescales and provide a multi-timescale optimization (MTSO) framework for SNNs. This framework introduces an adaptive-gated LSTM to accommodate two different timescales of neural dynamics: short-term learning and long-term evolution. Short-term learning is a fast knowledge acquisition process achieved by a novel surrogate gradient online learning (SGOL) algorithm, where the LSTM guides gradient updating of SNN on a short timescale through an adaptive learning rate and weight decay gating. The long-term evolution aims to slowly integrate acquired knowledge and form a priori, which can be achieved by optimizing the LSTM guidance process to tune SNN parameters on a long timescale. Experimental results demonstrate that the collaborative optimization of multi-timescale neural dynamics can make SNNs achieve promising performance for the few-shot learning tasks.
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Wang, Lake, Kim Turnbull James, David Denyer, and Catherine Bailey. "Western views and Chinese whispers: Re-thinking global leadership competency in multi-national corporations." Leadership 10, no. 4 (2013): 471–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1742715013510340.
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Multi-national corporations (MNCs) appoint Chinese managers at middle management level locally and make extensive efforts to develop their leadership capabilities, yet the number of Chinese managers progressing to senior global level leadership positions lags behind the expectations of both MNCs and local managers. MNC leadership models, often represented in leadership competency frameworks (LCFs), reflect implicit ideas of leadership largely common to executives who share similar (western) cultural backgrounds. This is reinforced by leadership literature that is also strongly influenced by a western perspective. Local managers from non-western cultural backgrounds may hold different conceptions of leadership and struggle to understand MNC leadership requirements. This study explores the leadership constructs of 31 senior global executives and those of 59 local Chinese managers in MNCs operating in China by means of repertory grid methodology. The differences between the two groups and between each group and the LCFs used in their organizations revealed important differences: half the key constructs of leadership used by the senior global leaders were not identified as important or commonly used by the Chinese managers. Most of the ‘missing’ constructs reflect charismatic and transformational leadership characteristics. When compared with the MNCs’ leadership frameworks, differences between the senior global leaders constructs and their company LCFs were found. The gaps between the Chinese managers’ constructs and the same frameworks were even greater. These findings have implications for global leadership theory and practice.
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Martens, Luc. "Cultuurbeleid op lokaal vlak." Res Publica 39, no. 1 (1997): 179–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.21825/rp.v39i1.18608.
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Considering cultural policy it is very important to have a multi-level policy concerning cultural facilities and an active involvement of the citizen at local level. To optimize local cultural policy one should aim for an interactive or complementary policy. This means that each policy level has to take its own responsabilities; that there has to be a mutual consultation between all policy levels and a mutual reinforcement of the policy effects at each level. The role of local governments is to provide for basic facilities and to install efficient frameworks for consultation and cooperation. Future challenges are the reinforcement of cooperation between cultural actors and to support innovating work.
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Vernes, Sonja C., Buddhamas Pralle Kriengwatana, Veronika C. Beeck, et al. "The multi-dimensional nature of vocal learning." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 376, no. 1836 (2021): 20200236. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2020.0236.
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How learning affects vocalizations is a key question in the study of animal communication and human language. Parallel efforts in birds and humans have taught us much about how vocal learning works on a behavioural and neurobiological level. Subsequent efforts have revealed a variety of cases among mammals in which experience also has a major influence on vocal repertoires. Janik and Slater ( Anim. Behav. 60 , 1–11. ( doi:10.1006/anbe.2000.1410 )) introduced the distinction between vocal usage and production learning, providing a general framework to categorize how different types of learning influence vocalizations. This idea was built on by Petkov and Jarvis ( Front. Evol. Neurosci. 4 , 12. ( doi:10.3389/fnevo.2012.00012 )) to emphasize a more continuous distribution between limited and more complex vocal production learners. Yet, with more studies providing empirical data, the limits of the initial frameworks become apparent. We build on these frameworks to refine the categorization of vocal learning in light of advances made since their publication and widespread agreement that vocal learning is not a binary trait. We propose a novel classification system, based on the definitions by Janik and Slater, that deconstructs vocal learning into key dimensions to aid in understanding the mechanisms involved in this complex behaviour. We consider how vocalizations can change without learning, and a usage learning framework that considers context specificity and timing. We identify dimensions of vocal production learning, including the copying of auditory models (convergence/divergence on model sounds, accuracy of copying), the degree of change (type and breadth of learning) and timing (when learning takes place, the length of time it takes and how long it is retained). We consider grey areas of classification and current mechanistic understanding of these behaviours. Our framework identifies research needs and will help to inform neurobiological and evolutionary studies endeavouring to uncover the multi-dimensional nature of vocal learning. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Vocal learning in animals and humans’.
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Lindenberg, Cathy Strachan, Rosa Solorzano, Maureen Kelley, Vicki Darrow, Sylvia C. Gendrop, and Ora Strickland. "Competence and Drug Use: Theoretical Frameworks, Empirical Evidence and Measurement." Journal of Drug Education 28, no. 2 (1998): 117–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/vvc5-4mlm-892q-v6eb.
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Statistics show that use of harmful substances (alcohol, cigarettes, marijuana, cocaine) among women of childbearing age is widespread and serious. Numerous theoretical models and empirical studies have attempted to explain the complex factors that lead individuals to use drugs. The Social Stress Model of Substance Abuse [1] is one model developed to explain parameters that influence drug use. According to the model, the likelihood of an individual engaging in drug use is seen as a function of the stress level and the extent to which it is offset by stress modifiers such as social networks, social competencies, and resources. The variables of the denominator are viewed as interacting with each other to buffer the impact of stress [1]. This article focuses on one of the constructs in this model: that of competence. It presents a summary of theoretical and conceptual formulations for the construct of competence, a review of empirical evidence for the association of competence with drug use, and describes the preliminary development of a multi-scale instrument designed to assess drug protective competence among low-income Hispanic childbearing women. Based upon theoretical and empirical studies, eight domains of drug protective competence were identified and conceptually defined. Using subscales from existing instruments with psychometric evidence for their validity and reliability, a multi-scale instrument was developed to assess drug protective competence. Hypothesis testing was used to assess construct validity. Four drug protective competence domains (social influence, sociability, self-worth, and control/responsibility) were found to be statistically associated with drug use behaviors. Although not statistically significant, expected trends were observed between drug use and the other four domains of drug protective competence (intimacy, nurturance, goal directedness, and spiritual directedness). Study limitations and suggestions for further psychometric testing of the instrument are described.
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Shawcross, Judith K., and Tom W. Ridgman. "Short industrial placements – developing an activity framework to support teaching and learning." Higher Education, Skills and Work-based Learning 4, no. 3 (2014): 256–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/heswbl-06-2014-0019.
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Purpose – This paper identifies the activities to be undertaken by students during short industrial placements. The purpose of this paper is to obtain a better understanding of what students do during their placements and provide a framework that supports both teaching and learning. This research focuses on a masters-level programme that contains a series of four, two week industrial placements where groups of two students work on a real and significant issue for the host company. Design/methodology/approach – A framework, developed from literature, describes a placement in terms of 17 high-level activity groups. A multi-stage action research method was applied to test the framework and develop a more detailed level framework. This used insights gathered from students, tutors and researchers on all 80 placements undertaken during the 2012-2013 academic year. Findings – The 17 high-level activity groups and their configuration in the framework were confirmed. For the 12 process activity groups, 64 activities were identified and included into a detailed level framework. For the five through-placement activity groups some specific activities were captured and further work remains to capture the others. Originality/value – These complex industrial placements can now be described consistently to students, companies and tutors using an evidence-based framework. Literature searches have not identified any other equivalent research-based frameworks. Other HE programmes also use similar industrial placements and this framework will provide a basis to support these and add to the body of knowledge in work integrated learning.
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Buckley-Walker, Kellie, Trevor P. Crowe, and Peter Caputi. "Personal and relational empowerment: a framework for family recovery." Advances in Dual Diagnosis 10, no. 1 (2017): 25–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/add-03-2016-0009.
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Purpose Caring for a person with a substance use disorder (SUD) and/or mental health disorder (MHD) represents a significant burden for family members. The features of “carers/family members” experiences reflect trauma signatures. Consequently, working through this trauma for carers corresponds with psychological recovery, empowerment processes and intrapersonal/interpersonal needs. The purpose of this paper is to outline a framework called the “personal and relational empowerment (PRE)” framework which enables family support practitioners to help family members to be able to take control of their own lives, develop meaningful relationships and live purposeful and fulfilling lives, regardless of whether the person with the SUD and/or MHD is in recovery or not. Design/methodology/approach This paper critically reviews existing frameworks for carer recovery, through a systematic literature search, and proposes a “PRE” alternative to redress the shortfalls in these existing frameworks. Findings The PRE framework takes a multi-level needs-based approach to understand carer recovery. This framework links the concepts – psychological recovery, empowerment processes and intrapersonal/interpersonal needs. Practical implications The PRE framework recognises the importance of recovery support practitioners being able to balance the immediate carer crisis intervention needs responses with personal growth and well-being supporting interventions. Originality/value The PRE framework of family recovery attempts to answer the need to broaden the focus on the family journey to better reflect the principles and practices of contemporary SUD and/or MHD recovery-based support.
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Zhang, Peng, Lifu Chen, Zhenhong Li, Jin Xing, Xuemin Xing, and Zhihui Yuan. "Automatic Extraction of Water and Shadow from SAR Images Based on a Multi-Resolution Dense Encoder and Decoder Network." Sensors 19, no. 16 (2019): 3576. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19163576.
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The water and shadow areas in SAR images contain rich information for various applications, which cannot be extracted automatically and precisely at present. To handle this problem, a new framework called Multi-Resolution Dense Encoder and Decoder (MRDED) network is proposed, which integrates Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), Residual Network (ResNet), Dense Convolutional Network (DenseNet), Global Convolutional Network (GCN), and Convolutional Long Short-Term Memory (ConvLSTM). MRDED contains three parts: the Gray Level Gradient Co-occurrence Matrix (GLGCM), the Encoder network, and the Decoder network. GLGCM is used to extract low-level features, which are further processed by the Encoder. The Encoder network employs ResNet to extract features at different resolutions. There are two components of the Decoder network, namely, the Multi-level Features Extraction and Fusion (MFEF) and Score maps Fusion (SF). We implement two versions of MFEF, named MFEF1 and MFEF2, which generate separate score maps. The difference between them lies in that the Chained Residual Pooling (CRP) module is utilized in MFEF2, while ConvLSTM is adopted in MFEF1 to form the Improved Chained Residual Pooling (ICRP) module as the replacement. The two separate score maps generated by MFEF1 and MFEF2 are fused with different weights to produce the fused score map, which is further handled by the Softmax function to generate the final extraction results for water and shadow areas. To evaluate the proposed framework, MRDED is trained and tested with large SAR images. To further assess the classification performance, a total of eight different classification frameworks are compared with our proposed framework. MRDED outperformed by reaching 80.12% in Pixel Accuracy (PA) and 73.88% in Intersection of Union (IoU) for water, 88% in PA and 77.11% in IoU for shadow, and 95.16% in PA and 90.49% in IoU for background classification, respectively.
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Sassu, Alessandro, Jose Francisco Saenz-Cogollo, and Maurizio Agelli. "Deep-Framework: A Distributed, Scalable, and Edge-Oriented Framework for Real-Time Analysis of Video Streams." Sensors 21, no. 12 (2021): 4045. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21124045.
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Edge computing is the best approach for meeting the exponential demand and the real-time requirements of many video analytics applications. Since most of the recent advances regarding the extraction of information from images and video rely on computation heavy deep learning algorithms, there is a growing need for solutions that allow the deployment and use of new models on scalable and flexible edge architectures. In this work, we present Deep-Framework, a novel open source framework for developing edge-oriented real-time video analytics applications based on deep learning. Deep-Framework has a scalable multi-stream architecture based on Docker and abstracts away from the user the complexity of cluster configuration, orchestration of services, and GPU resources allocation. It provides Python interfaces for integrating deep learning models developed with the most popular frameworks and also provides high-level APIs based on standard HTTP and WebRTC interfaces for consuming the extracted video data on clients running on browsers or any other web-based platform.
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Qu, Mei. "The role of grassroots administrators in building international partnerships." Learning and Teaching 14, no. 3 (2021): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/latiss.2021.140302.
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This article explores how grassroots administrators interact with various other actors in the process of forming international partnerships. A top-down and a bottom-up case of building international partnerships for masters and PhD programmes were selected from my fieldwork in a Danish university. The cases were elaborated and analysed using Tatiana Fumasoli’s organisational approach to multi-level governance in higher education. This article concludes that with their personal networks and knowledge about the normative frameworks of certain powerful actors, grassroots administrators could help academic staff who might not know the regulations involved in the internationalisation process, to balance their own interests with their intention of complying with the normative frameworks, and thus enhance their capacities of forming and participating in a successful international partnership.
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Koziel, Slawomir, and Adrian Bekasiewicz. "Strategies for computationally feasible multi-objective simulation-driven design of compact RF/microwave components." Engineering Computations 33, no. 1 (2016): 184–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ec-03-2015-0067.
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Purpose – Strategies for accelerated multi-objective optimization of compact microwave and RF structures are investigated, including the possibility of exploiting surrogate modeling techniques for electromagnetic (EM)-driven design speedup for such components. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach – Two algorithmic frameworks are described that are based on fast response surface approximation models, structure decomposition, and Pareto front refinement. Numerical case studies are provided demonstrating feasibility of solving real-world problems involving multi-objective optimization of miniaturized microwave passives and expensive EM-simulation models of such structures. Findings – It is possible, through appropriate combination of the surrogate modeling techniques and response correction methods, to identify the set of alternative designs representing the best possible trade-offs between conflicting design objectives in a realistic time frame corresponding to a few dozen of high-fidelity EM simulations of the respective structures. Research limitations/implications – The present study sets a direction for further studied on expedited optimization of computationally expensive simulation models for miniaturized microwave components. Originality/value – The proposed algorithmic framework proved useful for fast design of microwave structures, which is extremely challenging when using conventional methods. To the authors’ knowledge, this is one of the first attempts to surrogate-assisted multi-objective optimization of compact components at the EM-simulation level.
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Sing, Michael C. P., Venus W. C. Chan, Joseph H. K. Lai, and Jane Matthews. "Energy-efficient retrofitting of multi-storey residential buildings." Facilities 39, no. 11/12 (2021): 722–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/f-08-2020-0094.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose Sustainable retrofitting of aged buildings plays a significant role in reducing energy demands and greenhouse gas emissions. This study aims to assess the performance and effectiveness of energy retrofit measures (ERMs) for an archetype of aged multi-storey residential buildings. Design/methodology/approach The methodology consists of three parts, namely, a desktop study including the selection of a case-study building and identification of ERM options for the building; development of a computer model to simulate the building’s energy use in the baseline scenario and different scenarios of ERMs; and evaluation of the ERMs based on energy-saving rate. Findings Among the 13 ERMs tested, lighting-related ERMs were found to be optimal measures while window fin is the least suitable option in terms of energy saving. Based on the research findings, a two-level retrofitting framework was developed for aged multi-storey buildings. Research limitations/implications Future studies may take a similar approach of this study to develop retrofitting frameworks for other types of buildings, and further research paper can be extended to study retrofitting for buildings in a district or a region. Practical implications The findings of this study can serve as a reference for building owners to select effective ERMs for aged multi-storey buildings, which invariably exist in developed cities. Originality/value This study presents a pioneering work where an energy model and a building archetype were used to analyze the energy savings of a variety of ERMs that are applicable to aged multi-storey buildings.