Journal articles: 'Multi-material systems'

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Dutta, Indranath, Chanman Park, and Keith Peterson. "Interfacial creep in multi-component material systems." JOM 55, no. 1 (2003): 38–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11837-003-0192-x.

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Heilala, J., S. Parchegani, and H. Piili. "Additive manufacturing systems integration." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1296, no. 1 (2023): 012024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1296/1/012024.

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Abstract This research explores real-time database systems’ evolution, focusing on unique features and the addressed challenges. It examines the role of multi-material additive manufacturing quality domain databases in innovation and maintaining standards. It also looks at the challenges of implementing quality manufacturing systems from a technology, organization, and people of European Manufacturing research perspective. The study offers a new perspective on reconfigurable intelligent surfaces with multi-material additive manufacturing with system integration, discussing its applications and digital products’ transformative potential. Enhancing multi-material additive manufacturing capabilities redefines the industries, creating a strong communication culture by adopting quality integration of quality and robotics while exploring the future of mathematics complexity in optimizing manufacturing education. The paper also explains the statistical classification of historical technology in manufacturing engineering education by flagging the platform‘s role of opportunities in secure research collaboration. The manufacturing horizontal is essential for effectively managing the multi-material additive manufacturing system through advanced technology to quality management integration. Certified advanced training and competency development econophysics show the multi-material additive manufacturing systems development influence on the production theories and mechanics of complex electronics. To enable, for example, communication links and cellural multi-material additive manufacturing integrations research for new technologies.

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Garcia, David, Mackenzie E. Jones, Yunhui Zhu, and Hang Z. Yu. "Mesoscale design of heterogeneous material systems in multi-material additive manufacturing." Journal of Materials Research 33, no. 1 (2017): 58–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2017.328.

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Sarzynski, M. D., S. Schaefer, and O. O. Ochoa. "Microstructure-Based Models for Multi-Functional Material Systems." Mechanics of Advanced Materials and Structures 19, no. 6 (2012): 421–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15376494.2010.528166.

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Choi, Jae-Won, Eric MacDonald, and Ryan Wicker. "Multi-material microstereolithography." International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology 49, no. 5-8 (2009): 543–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00170-009-2434-8.

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Gouker, Regina M., Satyandra K. Gupta, Hugh A. Bruck, and Tobias Holzschuh. "Manufacturing of multi-material compliant mechanisms using multi-material molding." International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology 30, no. 11-12 (2006): 1049–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00170-005-0152-4.

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Espalin, David, Jorge Alberto Ramirez, Francisco Medina, and Ryan Wicker. "Multi-material, multi-technology FDM: exploring build process variations." Rapid Prototyping Journal 20, no. 3 (2014): 236–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/rpj-12-2012-0112.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate a build process variation for fused deposition modeling (FDM) in which contours and rasters (also referred to as internal fill patterns) are built using different layer thicknesses and road widths. In particular, the paper examines the effect of the build process variation on surface roughness, production times and mechanical properties. Additionally, a unique FDM process was developed that enabled the deposition of discrete multiple materials at different layers and regions within layers. Design/methodology/approach – A multi-material, multi-technology FDM system was developed and constructed to enable the production of parts using either discrete multi-materials or the build process variation (variable layer thickness and road width). Two legacy FDM machines were modified and installed onto a single manufacturing system to allow the strategic, spatially controlled thermoplastic deposition with multiple extrusion nozzles of multiple materials during the same build. This automated process was enabled by the use of a build platform attached to a pneumatic slide that moved the platform between the two FDM systems, an overall control system, a central PC and a custom-made program (FDMotion) and graphic user interface. The term multi-technology FDM system used here implies the two FDM systems and the integration of these systems into a single manufacturing environment using the movable platform and associated hardware and software. Future work will integrate additional technologies within this system. Parts produced using the build process variation utilized internal roads with 1,524 μm road width and 508 μm layer height, while the contours used 254 μm road width and 127 μm layer height. Measurements were performed and compared to standard FDM parts that included surface roughness of planes at different inclinations, tensile testing and fabrication times. Findings – Results showed that when compared to the standard FDM process, the parts produced using the build process variation exhibited the same tensile properties as determined by a student's t-test (p-values > 0.05, μ1-μ2 = 0, n = 5). Surface roughness measurements revealed that the process variation resulted in surface roughness (Ra) improvements of 55, 43, 44 and 38 per cent for respective planes inclined at 10, 15, 30 and 45° from vertical. In addition, for a 50.8 × 50.8 mm square section (25.4 mm tall), the build process variation required a minimum of 2.8 hours to build, while the standard FDM process required 6.0 hours constituting a 53 per cent reduction in build time. Finally, several manufacturing demonstrations were performed including the fabrication of a discrete PC-ABS sandwich structure containing tetragonal truss core elements. Originality/value – This paper demonstrates a build strategy that varies contour and raster widths and layer thicknesses for FDM that can be used to improve surface roughness – a characteristic that has historically been in need of improvement – and reduce fabrication time while retaining mechanical properties.

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Hernández, Alberto M., and D. Scott Stewart. "Computational modelling of multi-material energetic materials and systems." Combustion Theory and Modelling 24, no. 3 (2019): 407–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13647830.2019.1689299.

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Corcoran, A., L. Sexton, B. Seaman, P. Ryan, and G. Byrne. "The laser drilling of multi-layer aerospace material systems." Journal of Materials Processing Technology 123, no. 1 (2002): 100–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-0136(01)01123-2.

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Edgal, Uduzei F. "Partial nearest neighbor PDF for multi-component material systems." Journal of Mathematical Chemistry 42, no. 4 (2007): 1101–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10910-007-9291-1.

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Benjeddou, Ayech, Marc Kamlah, and Yasuhide Shindo. "Multi-scale mechanics of smart material systems and structures." Acta Mechanica 224, no. 11 (2013): 2451. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00707-013-0947-6.

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Spiegel, Alexander, Florian Wafzig, Stefan Giehl, and Ulrich Fehrenbacher. "Multi-material Systems for Exterior Bodyshell Parts of Commercial Vehicles." ATZ worldwide 118, no. 5 (2016): 44–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s38311-016-0051-3.

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Bertrand, J. W. M., and H. P. G. van Ooijen. "Integrating material coordination and capacity load smoothing in multi-product multi-phase production systems." International Journal of Production Economics 46-47 (December 1996): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0925-5273(95)00184-0.

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Rajkanth, Raju, G. Srinivasan, and Mohan Gopalakrishnan. "Material flow optimisation in a multi-echelon and multi-product supply chain." International Journal of Logistics Systems and Management 26, no. 1 (2017): 105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijlsm.2017.080633.

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Chen, Jian-Jun, Shan-Tung Tu, Fu-Zhen Xuan, and Zheng-Dong Wang. "Contour integral computations for multi-component material systems subjected to creep." Nuclear Engineering and Design 236, no. 13 (2006): 1344–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nucengdes.2006.01.010.

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Kohl, Daniel, C. von Boyneburgk, M. Feldmann, H. P. Heim, and S. Böhm. "Characterization of wood-based multi-material systems under dynamic impact stress." Wood Material Science & Engineering 15, no. 3 (2018): 130–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17480272.2018.1501605.

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Merklein, Marion, Manuel Jäckisch, Clara-Maria Kuball, David Römisch, Sebastian Wiesenmayer, and Simon Wituschek. "Mechanical joining of high-strength multi-material systems − trends and innovations." Mechanics & Industry 24 (2023): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/meca/2023013.

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In conjunction with mechanical joining processes. Mechanical joining processes play a key role for the realization of multi-material lightweight structures, which are essential with regard to environmental protection. However, joining of dissimilar high-strength materials is challenging due to the varying properties of the joining partners and due to their high flow stresses and often limited ductility. Thus, the evolution of established processes as well as the development of innovative and highly productive joining technologies are necessary. Requirements for a highly volatile production environment are versatility, flexibility, resilience and robustness. Within this contribution, current trends and innovations related to selected mechanical joining processes for enabling the material mix are outlined in order to point out opportunities to address these requirements in the future. In this context, joining using cold formed pin structures is presented as a promising approach for connecting dissimilar materials like metals to fibre-reinforced plastics. Furthermore, it is shown how the shear-clinching technology can be combined with a process-adapted application of locally limited heat treatment in order to promote the joinability and control the material flow during joining. A novel approach for reducing process forces and expanding process windows is the use of ultrasonic assistance for mechanical joining operations, which is demonstrated by the example of a nut staking process with superimposed high frequency oscillation. As concerns the widely used self-piercing riveting technique, current research activities relate not only to the further development of the joining process itself, for example by combining self-piercing riveting and tumbling, but also to the use of new rivet materials like high strain hardening stainless steels. In addition, the evolution towards mechanical joining 4.0 against the background of data-based process control in conjunction with of mechanical joining processes is also subject of the considerations.

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Rashid, Tanweer, Sharmin Sultana, Mallar Chakravarty, and Michel Albert Audette. "Atlas-Based Shared-Boundary Deformable Multi-Surface Models through Multi-Material and Two-Manifold Dual Contouring." Information 14, no. 4 (2023): 220. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/info14040220.

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This paper presents a multi-material dual “contouring” method used to convert a digital 3D voxel-based atlas of basal ganglia to a deformable discrete multi-surface model that supports surgical navigation for an intraoperative MRI-compatible surgical robot, featuring fast intraoperative deformation computation. It is vital that the final surface model maintain shared boundaries where appropriate so that even as the deep-brain model deforms to reflect intraoperative changes encoded in ioMRI, the subthalamic nucleus stays in contact with the substantia nigra, for example, while still providing a significantly sparser representation than the original volumetric atlas consisting of hundreds of millions of voxels. The dual contouring (DC) algorithm is a grid-based process used to generate surface meshes from volumetric data. The DC method enables the insertion of vertices anywhere inside the grid cube, as opposed to the marching cubes (MC) algorithm, which can insert vertices only on the grid edges. This multi-material DC method is then applied to initialize, by duality, a deformable multi-surface simplex model, which can be used for multi-surface atlas-based segmentation. We demonstrate our proposed method on synthetic and deep-brain atlas data, and a comparison of our method’s results with those of traditional DC demonstrates its effectiveness.

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Devadithya, Sandamali, and David Castañón. "Enhanced Material Estimation with Multi-Spectral CT." Electronic Imaging 2021, no. 15 (2021): 229–1. http://dx.doi.org/10.2352/issn.2470-1173.2021.15.coimg-229.

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Conventional X-ray computed tomography (CT) systems obtain single- or dual-energy measurements, from which dual-energy CT has emerged as the superior way to recognize materials. Recently photon counting detectors have facilitated multi-spectral CT which captures spectral information by counting photon arrivals at different energy windows. However, the narrow energy bins result in a lower signal-to-noise ratio in each bin, particularly in the lower energy bins. This effect is significant and challenging when high-attenuation materials such as metal are present in the area to be imaged. In this paper, we propose a novel technique to estimate material properties with multi-spectral CT in the presence of high-attenuation materials. Our approach combines basis decomposition concepts using multiple-spectral bin information, as well as individual energy bin reconstructions. We show that this approach is robust in the presence of metal and outperforms alternative techniques for material estimation with multi-spectral CT as well with the state-of-art dual-energy CT.

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Grigoriu, Mircea. "MATERIAL RESPONSE AT MICRO-, MULTI-, AND MACROSCALES." International Journal for Multiscale Computational Engineering 14, no. 3 (2016): 237–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1615/intjmultcompeng.2016015832.

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Käse, David B., Giovanni Piazza, Elmar Beeh, et al. "Potential for Use of Veneer-Based Multi-Material Systems in Vehicle Structures." Key Engineering Materials 809 (June 2019): 633–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.809.633.

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In the past, the focus for the development of modern vehicle structures was very much on lightweight construction. However, there are increasing aspirations to develop not only light but also sustainable solutions which use resources efficiently. As a result, natural materials become more attractive compared to conventional lightweight construction materials. The "For (s) tschritt" research project investigates the use of veneer-based multi-material systems in vehicle structures. For this purpose, various concepts were developed, ranging from a use of the material to reinforce thin sheet metals to structural components which are produced completely from wood and are only reinforced locally. In order to evaluate the aspired solutions, generic components were derived, manufactured at the Department for Cutting and Joining Manufacturing Processes of the University of Kassel (TFF) and the Fraunhofer Institute for Wood Research, Wilhelm-Klauditz-Institut (WKI), and tested at the Institute of Vehicle Concepts of the German Aerospace Center (DLR). The advantages of the use of wood are particularly evident in structures which are subjected to bending stress and pressure loads: As a result of the lower density, they can be designed with reinforcement. This allows the second moments of inertia to be increased without affecting the weight. The disadvantages of the natural material, such as reduced reproducibility and the complex failure behaviour, are offset by systematic hybridisation of wood and the use of veneer multilayer composites.

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Neff, Clayton, Justin Nussbaum, Chris Gardiner, Nathan B. Crane, James L. Zunino, and Mike Newton. "Mechanical and temperature resilience of multi-material systems for printed electronics packaging." Flexible and Printed Electronics 4, no. 3 (2019): 035005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2058-8585/ab38e9.

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Nazzal, Dima. "A closed queueing network approach to analyzing multi-vehicle material handling systems." IIE Transactions 43, no. 10 (2011): 721–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0740817x.2011.566907.

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Xuan, Fu-Zhen, Jian-Jun Chen, Zhengdong Wang, and Shan-Tung Tu. "Time-dependent deformation and fracture of multi-material systems at high temperature." International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping 86, no. 9 (2009): 604–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpvp.2009.04.013.

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Wan, Mengran, Chunming Ye, and Dajiang Peng. "Multi-period dynamic multi-objective emergency material distribution model under uncertain demand." Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence 117 (January 2023): 105530. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.engappai.2022.105530.

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Mocan, Bogdan, Darius Buna, Mircea Fulea, and Stelian Brad. "Increasing the Efficiency of Robotic Manufacturing Systems by Layout Optimization." Applied Mechanics and Materials 762 (May 2015): 283–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.762.283.

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To achieve high efficiency in a robotic manufacturing system, an optimized layout arrangement and material flow path design are important due to the large percentage of product cost that is related to material handling, equipment positioning, material flow path, and products variety and volume (flexibility). Facility layout problem (FLP) can be considered as a multi-criteria problem due to presence of the qualitative criteria such as flexibility and the quantitative criteria for instance total cost of handling material. In this paper, we combined a well-known facility layout algorithm (CRAFT) with Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) technique and decision matrix method to facilitate a multi criteria evaluation. The proposed approach aims to incorporate qualitative criteria in addition to quantitative criteria for evaluating facility layout patterns. A case study on a robotic system for manufacturing plate type oil coolers reveals the effectiveness of the proposed approach.

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Li, Jiawei, Hong Chen, and Liang Sun. "FEMA-CL: Fair Efficient Multi-Agent Course learning." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2425, no. 1 (2023): 012007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2425/1/012007.

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Abstract Sociology shows that blindly pursuing the fairness of resource distribution will significantly reduce people’s enthusiasm for work, which is not conducive to the increase of total social material resources. Promoting the fairness of the social system in stages, that is, achieving fairness on the premise of a certain material basis, can not only ensure the efficiency of the total social material accumulation, but also promote the fairness of the social system. Therefore, inspired by the above, we introduced multi-stage curriculum learning into learning fair policy of multi-agent systems, and proposed a novel Fair and Effective Multi-Agent Curriculum Learning (FEMA-CL). The multi-stage course learning progressively promotes the learning fairness and efficiency of large-scale multi-agent systems through three stages: selfish stage, soft fair stage and global fair stage. Our method is easy to learn fairness and efficiency, and has carried out extensive experiments in three typical multi-agent scenarios. Compared with the current popular work, our method has superior performance.

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Vakharia, Ved S., Hunter Leonard, Mrityunjay Singh, and Michael C. Halbig. "Multi-Material Additive Manufacturing of High Temperature Polyetherimide (PEI)–Based Polymer Systems for Lightweight Aerospace Applications." Polymers 15, no. 3 (2023): 561. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15030561.

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Rapid innovations in 3-D printing technology have created a demand for multifunctional composites. Advanced polymers like amorphous thermoplastic polyetherimide (PEI) can create robust, lightweight, and efficient structures while providing high-temperature stability. This work manufactured ULTEM, a PEI-based polymer, and carbon-fiber-infused ULTEM multi-material composites with varying layering patterns (e.g., AAABBB vs. ABABAB) using fused filament fabrication (FFF). The microstructure of fractured surfaces and polished cross-sections determined that the print quality of layers printed closer to the heated bed was higher than layers closer to the top surface, primarily due to the thermal insulating properties of the material itself. Mechanical properties of the multi-material parts were between those of the single-material parts: an ultimate tensile strength and elastic modulus of 59 MPa and 3.005 GPa, respectively. Multi-material parts from the same filaments but with different layering patterns showed different mechanical responses. Prints were of higher quality and demonstrated a higher elastic modulus (3.080 GPa) when consecutive layers were printed from the same filament (AAABBB) versus parts with printed layers of alternating filaments (ABABAB), which showed a higher ultimate strength (62.04 MPa). These results demonstrate the potential for creatively designing multi-material printed parts that may enhance mechanical properties.

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Repnin, Arseniy, Anton Sotov, Anatoliy Popovich, and Dmitriy Masaylo. "Development of TiO2/ZrO2 Multi-Material Obtained from Ceramic Pastes for Material Extrusion." Micromachines 14, no. 12 (2023): 2177. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi14122177.

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The application of additive manufacturing method such as material extrusion (MEX) allows the successful fabrication of ceramic products, including multi-ceramic products. Promising materials in this research area are TiO2 and ZrO2 ceramics, which can be used in electrical and electronic engineering. The aim of this work is to investigate the possibility of fabricating TiO2/ZrO2 multi-materials from ceramic pastes that can be used in the MEX. In this work, defects, chemical and phase composition, and microhardness were analyzed in multi-ceramic samples after sintering. Multi-ceramic TiO2/ZrO2 samples after the sintering process without interlayer could not be fabricated due to a too large difference in shrinkage between TiO2 and ZrO2. The samples with one and three interlayers also have defects, but they are less significant and can be fabricated. The average hardness for the TiO2 zone was 636.7 HV and for the ZrO2 zone was 1101 HV. In the TiO2 zone, only TiO2 phase in rutile is observed, while in the interlayer zones, in addition to rutile, ZrO2 and ZrTiO4 are also present, as is a small amount of Y2O3. In the zone ZrO2, only the ZrO2 phase is observed. The chemical analysis revealed that the interlayers comprise sintered ZrO2 granules enveloped by TiO2, ZrO2, and ZrTiO4.

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Urhal, Pinar. "A novel printing channel design for multi-material extrusion additive manufacturing." MATEC Web of Conferences 318 (2020): 01024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202031801024.

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Additive manufacturing has a great potential in terms of its capability to produce components with complex geometries and to make multi-material and composite products by combining different materials in a single manufacturing platform. Current trends for the multi-material extrusion additive manufacturing process are categorized by multi-nozzle systems and multi-material inlet systems. In the case of multiple nozzle system, materials are deposited from different nozzles in sequence. On the other hand, in the case of multi-material inlet system, different materials are sent into a mixing tube and deposited as a mixture of materials. In this case, functionally graded parts can be fabricated by changing the volume fraction of two or more materials. Hence, the fabrication of parts with a continuous material supply by varying ratios for the extrusion technologies requires the development of printing heads with suitable printing channels, capable of varying the mixing ratio of different materials. To evaluate the effect of different printing channel designs on the material’s flow pattern and the functionally graded material printability, this paper presents a three-dimensional transient computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation of the two miscible liquid-liquid system in a printing channel. Different geometries and materials are considered

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Meinhof, Ulrike, and David Robey. "Multimedia systems for teaching television news." ReCALL 5, no. 8 (1993): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0958344000005413.

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In present-day language teaching the use of original news programmes received by satellite is becoming more and more important. It is a vital source of up-to-date linguistic material, and gives students a significant sense of direct contact with the country whose language they are studying. But the use of this material presents considerable difficulties. There is not much point in simply asking students to sit through television programmes in the form in which they are broadcast; they tend to fall asleep. Material has to be selected and edited, and a framework of concepts and questions must be constantly provided for purposes of study. Multi-media systems based on microcomputers provide the obvious way of doing this.

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Hoshino, Satoshi, Hiroya Seki, Yuji Naka, and Jun Ota. "Fault-Tolerant Multi-Robot Operational Strategy for Material Transport Systems Considering Maintenance Activity." Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 22, no. 4 (2010): 485–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.2010.p0485.

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In automated robotic systems, a robot undergoing corrective maintenance (i.e., repair) or preventive maintenance (i.e., inspection) may become a disturbance of operations for other working robots. Therefore, maintenance of a robot has to be performed adequately. Multi-robot systems have the capability for the substitution and complement of such a robot. To introduce the multi-robot technology in industrial applications, we propose fault-tolerant multi-robot operational strategies for a material transport system focusing on the robot behavior. Working robots, while switching between normal and fault-tolerant operational strategies reactively according to the presence or absence of a robot undergoing maintenance, accomplish tasks. Through simulation experiments, the effectiveness of the proposed strategies is discussed. In addition, an integrated strategy for some failure rates of the robot is investigated. Finally, a maintenance activity for the robots is modeled on the basis of reliability engineering and the reasonability of preventive and corrective maintenance is discussed.

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Kolesnik, V. V., Yu K. Rubanov, and Yu E. Tokach. "Multi-Component Coatings Formation on Polycathode Magnetron Sputtering Systems." Solid State Phenomena 265 (September 2017): 166–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.265.166.

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The results of experiments aimed at obtaining multi-component coatings, having a wider range of properties compared to single-component coatings, are provided. The process of formation of coating based on multi-component alloy Co (18...20%)-Cr (5...7%)-Al (0.3...0.4%)-Y(0.2...0.5) was studied. The chemical composition and thickness of the coating as well as the state of the transition layer were also studied. The results of electron probing and X-ray fluorescence microanalysis of obtained coatings are provided. This paper also demonstrates that the properties of surface microrelief are determined by the conditions of coating formation; that each sample of coating has similar sets of chemical elements, that their concentration depends on the precipitation conditions, chemical elements are equally distributed along the thickness of samples, and the diffusion zone of coating materials and substrate is almost non-existent. The low content of substrate material was found in obtained coatings. As the coating thickness increased, the content of substrate material decreased sharply.

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Fischer, Juliane, Marga Marcos, and Birgit Vogel-Heuser. "Model-based development of a multi-agent system for controlling material flow systems." at - Automatisierungstechnik 66, no. 5 (2018): 438–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/auto-2017-0107.

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Abstract The rising number of product variants requires flexible manufacturing systems, including their internal material flow systems (MFSs). An approach to design MFSs reconfigurably is the use of a decentralized control based on software agents. For implementing an agent-based control approach for MFSs this paper presents a meta model describing the knowledge base of individual agents and the overall control task to be fulfilled by the MFS.

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Mustafa, Irfan, and Tsz Kwok. "Interlacing Infills for Multi-Material Fused Filament Fabrication Using Layered Depth Material Images." Micromachines 13, no. 5 (2022): 773. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi13050773.

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One major concern regarding multi-material additive manufacturing (MMAM) is the strength at the interface between materials. Based on the observation of how nature puts materials together, this paper hypothesizes that overlapping and interlacing materials with each other enhance the interface bonding strength. To test this hypothesis, this research develops a new slicing framework that can efficiently identify the multi-material regions and develop interlaced infills. Based on a ray-tracing technology, we develop layered depth material images (LDMI) to process the material information of digital models for toolpath planning. Each sample point in the LDMI has an associated material and geometric properties that are used to recover the material distribution in each slice. With this material distribution, this work generates an interlocking joint and an interlacing infill in the regions with multiple materials. The experiments include comparisons between similar materials and different materials. Tensile tests have shown that our proposed infill outperforms the interlocking joint in all cases. Fractures occur even outside the interlacing area, meaning that the joint is at least as strong as the materials. The experimental results verify the enhancement of interface strength by overlapping and interlacing materials. In addition, existing computational tools have limitations in full use of material information. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time a slicer can process overlapped material regions and create interlacing infills. The interlacing infills improve the bonding strength, making the interface no longer the weakest area. This enables MMAM to fabricate truly functional parts. In addition, the new LDMI framework has rich information on geometry and material, and it allows future research in multi-material modeling.

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Rodriguez, Nadia, Anil K. Bastola, Marc Behl, Patricia Soffiatti, Nick P. Rowe, and Andreas Lendlein. "Approaches of combining a 3D-printed elastic structure and a hydrogel to create models for plant-inspired actuators." MRS Advances 6, no. 25 (2021): 625–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/s43580-021-00081-6.

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Abstract Inspired by the interesting functional traits of a climbing cactus, Selenicereus setaceus, found in the forest formations of Southeastern Brazil, we formulated a hypothesis that we can directly learn from the plants to develop multi-functional artificial systems by means of a multi-disciplinary approach. In this context, our approach is to take advantage of 3D-printing techniques and shape-memory hydrogels synergistically to mimic the functional traits of the cactus. This work reports on the preliminary investigation of cactus-inspired artificial systems. First, we 3D-printed soft polymeric materials and characterized them, which defines the structure and is a passive component of a multi-material system. Second, different hydrogels were synthesized and characterized, which is an active component of a multi-material system. Finally, we investigated how the hydrogel can be integrated into the 3D-printed constructs to develop artificial functional systems. Graphic abstract

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Stier, Simon P., and Holger Böse. "Ablative Laser Structuring for Stretchable Multilayer and Multi-Material Electronics and Sensor Systems." Proceedings 56, no. 1 (2020): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2020056021.

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Conventional machining and shaping processes for polymers and elastomers such as injection molding exhibit significant disadvantages, as specific tools have to be manufactured, the method of machining is highly dependent on the material properties, and the cost of automation is usually high. Therefore, additive manufacturing processes (3D printing) have established themselves as an alternative. This eliminates the expensive production of tools and the production is individualized. However, the specific (additive) manufacturing process remains highly dependent on the properties of the material. These processes include selective laser sintering (SLS) for powdered thermoplastic polymers and metals, extrusion such as fused deposition modeling (FDM) for thermoplastic polymers in wire form, or optical curing such as digital light processing (DLP) for liquid resins. Especially for elastomer sensors or circuit boards (structure of several alternately constituted approx. 100 µm-thick elastomer films made with different types of liquid silicone rubber), there is no suitable additive manufacturing process that combines liquid, partly non-transparent source materials, multi-component printing, and very fine layer thicknesses. In order to enable a largely automated, computer-aided manufacturing process, we have developed the concept of ablative multilayer and multi-material laser-assisted manufacturing. Here, the layers (conductive and non-conductive elastomers, as well as metal layers for contacting) are first coated over the entire surface (e.g., spray, dip, or doctor blade coating, as well as galvanic coating) and then selectively removed with a CO2 or fiber laser. These steps are repeated several times to achieve a multi-layer structured design. Is it not only possible to adjust and improve the work previously carried out manually, but also to introduce completely new concepts, such as fine through-plating between the layers to enable much more compact structures to be possible. As an exemplary application, we have used the process for manufacturing a thin and surface solderable pressure sensor and a stretchable circuit board.

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Fang, Zhou, and Jianfeng Mao. "Energy-Efficient Elevating Transfer Vehicle Routing for Automated Multi-Level Material Handling Systems." IEEE Transactions on Automation Science and Engineering 17, no. 3 (2020): 1107–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tase.2019.2921631.

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Mayland, Wibke, and Wilfried Becker. "Scaled boundary finite element analysis of stress singularities in piezoelectric multi-material systems." PAMM 9, no. 1 (2009): 99–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pamm.200910026.

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Tong, Ly, Du Tran, Tu Tran, et al. "An Adaptive Sliding Mode Control for Multi-Span Nonlinear Web Material Linkage Systems." International Review of Automatic Control (IREACO) 16, no. 1 (2023): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.15866/ireaco.v16i1.22941.

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Yosef, Tewodros Y., Chen Fang, Ronald K. Faller, and Seunghee Kim. "A multi-material ALE model for investigating impact dynamics of pile-soil systems." Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering 164 (January 2023): 107648. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2022.107648.

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Khattab, Afraa, and Csaba Felhő. "Robotic systems for advanced additive manufacturing." Multidiszciplináris Tudományok 14, no. 2 (2024): 201–19. https://doi.org/10.35925/j.multi.2024.2.20.

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Additive manufacturing (AM) has revolutionized the way we layout and manufacture products. The inception of complicated geometries immediately from virtual models gives more freedom and flexibility. However, AM systems have boundaries in terms of building volume, space, and the capability to manufacture multi-material and multi-practical items. A mixture of robotics and AM has emerged as a promising solution. The robotic tool of AM expands its capabilities via the growing toolpath strategies and robotic trajectories, paving the way for the advent of large, more complicated, and functionally included factors. This review paper explores the current-day robotic structures of AM, outlining advantages and challenges, and highlighting studies’ achievements.

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Song, Qingchuan, Yunong Chen, Peilong Hou, et al. "Fabrication of Multi-Material Pneumatic Actuators and Microactuators Using Stereolithography." Micromachines 14, no. 2 (2023): 244. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi14020244.

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Pneumatic actuators are of great interest for device miniaturization, microactuators, soft robots, biomedical engineering, and complex control systems. Recently, multi-material actuators have become of high interest to researchers due to their comprehensive range of suitable applications. Three-dimensional (3D) printing of multi-material pneumatic actuators would be the ideal way to fabricate customized actuators, but so far, this is mostly limited to deposition-based methodologies, such as fused deposition modeling (FDM) or Polyjetting. Vat-based stereolithography is one of the most relevant high-resolution 3D printing methods but is only rarely utilized in the multi-material 3D printing of materials. This study demonstrated multi-material stereolithography using combinations of materials with different Young’s moduli, i.e., 0.5 MPa and 1.1 GPa, for manufacturing pneumatic actuators and microactuators with a resolution as small as 200 μm. These multi-material actuators have advantages over single-material actuators in terms of their deformation controllability and ease of assembly.

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Hohenstein, Steffen, Georg Bergweiler, Gerret Lukas, Viktoria Krömer, and Tobias Otten. "Decision basis for multi-directional path planning for post-processing reduction in material extrusion." Production Engineering 15, no. 3-4 (2021): 457–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11740-021-01018-6.

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AbstractReducing support structures in Material Extrusion (ME) of Additive Manufacturing enables lowered post-processing efforts and enhanced use in industrial applications. This study provides a decision basis for multi-directional path planning strategy to print parts on multi-axis printers without the use of support structures. Research solutions for different limitations of ME systems are examined. The combination of Flat and Curved Layer Slicing, Adaptive Slicing, Load-Capable Path Planning and Multi-Axis Slicing enables printing a multi-directional demonstrator part. The part’s build structure consists of form elements (features) with varying build directions depending on the transition areas between them. A proof-of-concept on a three-axis printer shows the ability of a multi-directional printing method for multi-axis printer systems. Interfaces between features require print parameter adjustment to obtain the desired mechanical properties. Tensile tests are performed to evaluate the mechanical load capacity at connecting areas between features of standard specimens. Geometrically complex parts (3D) are printed in conventional ME systems without support and improved characteristics through the multi-feature path planning strategy. Each feature is printed according to geometrically determined requirements representing a successful proof-of-concept. Results show that further testing is required for the effects of mechanical resistance at connection areas. Adaption of the path planning strategy is needed to reduce occurring defects.

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Hou, Chengcheng, Yongfei Kang, and Tiezhu Qiao. "Multi-Camera Hierarchical Calibration and Three-Dimensional Reconstruction Method for Bulk Material Transportation System." Sensors 25, no. 7 (2025): 2111. https://doi.org/10.3390/s25072111.

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Three-dimensional information acquisition is crucial for the intelligent control and safe operation of bulk material transportation systems. However, existing visual measurement methods face challenges, including difficult stereo matching due to indistinct surface features, error accumulation in multi-camera calibration, and unreliable depth information fusion. This paper proposes a three-dimensional reconstruction method based on multi-camera hierarchical calibration. The method establishes a measurement framework centered on a core camera, enhances material surface features through speckle structured light projection, and implements a ‘monocular-binocular-multi-camera association’ calibration strategy with global optimization to reduce error accumulation. Additionally, a depth information fusion algorithm based on multi-epipolar geometric constraints improves reconstruction completeness through multi-view information integration. Experimental results demonstrate excellent precision with absolute errors within 1 mm for features as small as 15 mm and relative errors between 0.02% and 2.54%. Compared with existing methods, the proposed approach shows advantages in point cloud completeness, reconstruction accuracy, and environmental adaptability, providing reliable technical support for intelligent monitoring of bulk material transportation systems.

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Ramani, Anand. "Multi-material topology optimization with strength constraints." Structural and Multidisciplinary Optimization 43, no. 5 (2010): 597–615. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00158-010-0581-z.

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Vujić, Saša, Dragana Perić, Branko Livada, Miloš Radisavljević, and Dragan Domazet. "Optical Protective Window Design and Material Selection Issues in the Multi-Sensor Electro-Optical Surveillance Systems." Sensors 23, no. 5 (2023): 2784. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23052784.

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Multi-sensor imaging systems have a very important role and wide applications in surveillance and security systems. In many applications, it is necessary to use an optical protective window as an optical interface connecting the imaging sensor and object of interest’s space; meanwhile an imaging sensor is mounted in a protective enclosure, providing separation from environmental conditions. Optical windows are often used in various optical and electro-optical systems, fulfilling different sometimes very unusual tasks. There are lots of examples in the literature that define optical window design for targeted applications. Through analysis of the various effects that follow optical window application in connection with imaging systems, we have suggested a simplified methodology and practical recommendation for how to define optical protective window specifications in multi-sensor imaging systems, using a system engineering approach. In addition, we have provided initial set of data and simplified calculation tools that can be used in initial analysis to provide proper window material selection and definition of the specifications of optical protective windows in multi-sensor systems. It is shown that although the optical window design seems as a simple task, it requires serious multidisciplinary approach.

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Hadi, Auday Shaker, Mohamed Alsaker, Ahmed Eshoom, Monaem Elmnifi, Mohammed A. Alhmode, and Laith Jaafer Habeeb. "Development of Low-Cost and Multi-Material Sensing Approach for MQ 135 Sensor." ECS Transactions 107, no. 1 (2022): 17309–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/10701.17309ecst.

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Gas tracking systems in factories and companies have become very critical. The most effective and most important element in these systems is the gas sensor. In this study, MQ 135 (butane and smoke) modified to sense common and harmful gases using a low-cost approach. The processor modified the sensor response unit to respond to hydrogen, carbon monoxide, and chlorine gases. Due to variation in physical properties between these gases mainly density, the gas rise on the air to the detector is different. Consequently, the response time for detection was different. It takes 9, 15, 33, and 36 sec. for butane, hydrogen, carbon monoxide, and chlorine gases, respectively. The cost reduction of the MQ 135 sensor reduced by 80%.

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Florea, Vlad, Manish Pamwar, Balbir Sangha, and Il Yong Kim. "3D multi-material and multi-joint topology optimization with tooling accessibility constraints." Structural and Multidisciplinary Optimization 60, no. 6 (2019): 2531–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00158-019-02344-1.

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Ribeiro, Micaela, Olga Sousa Carneiro, and Alexandre Ferreira da Silva. "Interface geometries in 3D multi-material prints by fused filament fabrication." Rapid Prototyping Journal 25, no. 1 (2019): 38–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/rpj-05-2017-0107.

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Purpose An issue when printing multi-material objects is understanding how different materials will perform together, especially because interfaces between them are always created. This paper aims to address this interface from a mechanical perspective and evaluates how it should be designed for a better mechanical performance. Design/methodology/approach Different interface mechanisms were considered, namely, microscopic interfaces that are based on chemical bonding and were represented with a U-shape interface; a macroscopic interface characterized by a mechanical interlocking mechanism, represented by a T-shape interface; and a mesoscopic interface that sits between other interface systems and that was represented by a dovetail shape geometry. All these different interfaces were tested in two different material sets, namely, poly (lactic acid)–poly (lactic acid) and poly (lactic acid)–thermoplastic polyurethane material pairs. These two sets represent high- and low-compatibility materials sets, respectively. Findings The results showed, despite the materials’ compatibility level, multi-material objects will have a better mechanical performance through a macroscopic interface, as it is based on a mechanical interlocking system, of which performance cannot be achieved by a simple face-to-face interface even when considering the same material. Originality/value The paper investigates the importance of interface design in multi-material 3D prints by fused filament fabrication. Especially, for parts intended to be subjected to mechanical efforts, simple face-to-face interfaces are not sufficient and more robust and macroscopic-based interface geometries (based on mechanical interlocking systems) are advised. Moreover, such interfaces do not raise esthetic problems because of their working principle; the 3D printing technology can hide the interface geometries, if required.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Multi-material systems'

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