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Journal articles on the topic 'Multi-mode optical fiber MMF'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 25 May 2024

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1

Alalak, Tamara, and Haider Y. Hammod. "Employment the Laser to Fabricate the Surface Plasmon Resonance Sensor." Ibn AL-Haitham Journal For Pure and Applied Sciences 36, no. 2 (2023): 171–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.30526/36.2.3002.

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The Optical Fiber sensor based on the Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) technology hasbeen a successful performance sensing and presents high sensitivity. This thesis investigates theperformance of several structure of SPR sensor in field of refractive index and chemicalapplications. A structure of Multi-Mode Fiber- Single Mode Fiber- Multi Mode Fiber (MMFSMF-MMF)

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Yang, Fan, Liqiang Zhang, Chenglin Bai, et al. "Yb-Doped Mode-Locked Fiber Laser Based on an All-Fiber Interferometer Filter." Photonics 10, no. 2 (2023): 203. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics10020203.

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An interference filter is designed by fusing a segment of multi-core fiber (MCF) between two segments of multimode fibers (MMFs), which is then spliced between two segments of single mode fibers (SMFs). The light is split into the cladding and different cores of the MCF through the first segment of MMF, which is then coupled back into the core of SMF by the second segment of MMF. When the lengths of MCF are selected to be 4 mm and 10 mm, the 3 dB bandwidths of the filters around 1060 nm are 8.40 nm and 4.84 nm, respectively. Applying these filters in an Yb-doped fiber laser mode-locked by nonl

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Bourdine, Anton V., Vladimir A. Burdin, Vijay Janyani, Ashish Kumar Ghunawat, Ghanshyam Singh, and Alexander E. Zhukov. "Design of Silica Multimode Optical Fibers with Extremely Enlarged Core Diameter for Laser-Based Multi-Gigabit Short-Range Optical Networks." Photonics 5, no. 4 (2018): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics5040037.

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This work presents an alternative fast and simple method for the design of a refractive index profile of silica multimode optical fibers (MMFs) with extremely enlarged core diameters of up to 100 µm for laser-based multi-gigabit short-range optical networks. We demonstrate some results of 100 µm core MMF graded index profile optimization performed by a proposed solution, which provides a selected mode staff differential mode delay (DMD) reduction over the “O”-band under particular launching conditions. Earlier on, a developed alternative model for a piecewise regular multimode fiber optic link

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4

Yahyaoui, Moussa El, Ali El Moussati, and Kamel Haddadi. "Performance Evaluation of 60-GHz-WPAN System Distributed Over Multi-Mode Fiber." International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications 63, no. 4 (2017): 381–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/eletel-2017-0052.

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Abstract The manuscript deals with the assessment of Radio over Fiber (RoF) system including pure electrical baseband, pure radio frequency band centered around 60 GHz, and hybrid radio-optical system at the same RF band using a global simulation. In this work we focus on RoF solution to improve the low coverage of the 60 GHz channel caused by high free-space attenuation. A realistic co-simulation of the Wireless Personal Area Network (WPAN) IEEE802.15.3c-RoF was performed in a residential environment for Line-Of-Sight (LOS) and Non-Line- Of-Sight (NLOS). In this work, we demonstrated a 60 GHz

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Elhajrat, N., O. Elouatssi, A. El Abbassi, F. Essahlaoui, and M. Aftatah. "Study of Optical MIMO Transmission Systems Using the MGDM Multiplexing Technique." Modern Applied Science 14, no. 1 (2019): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/mas.v14n1p34.

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In current local area networks, multimode fibers (MMFs), mainly graded index (GI) MMFs, are the main types of fibers used for data communications. Because of their high bandwidth, they are considered the main method of transmission that allows to offer multiservice broadband services using optical multiplexing techniques.  The MGDM (ModeGroup Division Multiplexing) is a Multiplexing technique, which aims to improve the performance of the multimode optical fiber by spatially multiplexing the data streams to be transmitted. In this work, we study optical MIMO (multi-input multi-outpu

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Lu, Lidong, Xingchen Su, Chenglong Zhang, Qinghao Gao, and Hongwei Yang. "A Novel Distributed Vibration Sensor Based on Fading Noise Reduction in Multi-Mode Fiber." Sensors 22, no. 20 (2022): 8028. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22208028.

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Multi-mode fiber (MMF) is used in a polarization-sensitive optical time domain reflectometer (OTDR) for vibration event location and spectrum analysis. The vibration events acting on MMF are considered to be the optical polarization state and phase diversifying process for fading noise reduction. In addition, data averaging with continuous positions and the fast Fourier transform (FFT) method is proposed to extract the spectrum of the vibration events. In the experiment, the vibration events are loaded at the positions of 5.167 and 10.145 km, respectively, along MMF. The experimental results d

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Rahmani, Babak, Ilker Oguz, Ugur Tegin, Jih-liang Hsieh, Demetri Psaltis, and Christophe Moser. "Learning to image and compute with multimode optical fibers." Nanophotonics 11, no. 6 (2022): 1071–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2021-0601.

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Abstract Multimode fibers (MMF) were initially developed to transmit digital information encoded in the time domain. There were few attempts in the late 60s and 70s to transmit analog images through MMF. With the availability of digital spatial modulators, practical image transfer through MMFs has the potential to revolutionize medical endoscopy. Because of the fiber’s ability to transmit multiple spatial modes of light simultaneously, MMFs could, in principle, replace the millimeters-thick bundles of fibers currently used in endoscopes with a single fiber, only a few hundred microns thick. Th

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Mohammed, Zahraa H., Radhi Sehen Issa, and Sadiq Ahmed. "Studying the effect of changing Input conditions on MMF using MGDM technique." Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics 11, no. 6 (2022): 3361–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/eei.v11i6.4340.

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The mode group diversity multiplexing (MGDM) multicast technology uses optical multiple input and output (O-MIMO) technology to provide greater capacity and the ability to transmit information over multi-mode fiber (MMF). The MGDM system has a benefit in terms of capacity expansion, which led to interest in its use in most optical communications. The MGDM exploits the optical fiber bandwidth by inserting spatial light detection, which increases the capacity of the MMF. This research aims to study the optical systems used for the MGDM technology, and to identify the methods of their analysis an

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Li, Jinze, Xin Liu, Hao Sun, et al. "An Optical Fiber Sensor Coated with Electrospinning Polyvinyl Alcohol/Carbon Nanotubes Composite Film." Sensors 20, no. 23 (2020): 6996. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20236996.

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A fiber-optics tapered sensor that is covered by an electrospinning polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) nanofiber film, is demonstrated to measure humidity and temperature simultaneously. A section multi-mode fiber (MMF) was sandwiched between two leading-in and out single mode fibers (SMFs), which was further tapered down to 29 μm to promote the humidity sensitivity of the sensor. A thin layer of electrospinning PVA nanofiber film was uniformly coated on the MMF taper region by electrospinning technology. In order to promote the humidity sensitivity and mechanical strength of electrospinning nanofibers,

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Becker, Thomas, Olaf Ziemann, Rainer Engelbrecht, and Bernhard Schmauss. "Optical Strain Measurement with Step-Index Polymer Optical Fiber Based on the Phase Measurement of an Intensity-Modulated Signal." Sensors 18, no. 7 (2018): 2319. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s18072319.

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Polymer optical fibers (POFs) have been proposed for optical strain sensors due to their large elastic strain range compared to glass optical fibers (GOFs). The phase response of a single-mode polymer optical fiber (SM-POF) is well-known in the literature, and depends on the physical deformation of the fiber as well as the impact on the refractive index of the core. In this paper, we investigate the impact of strain on a step-index polymer optical fiber (SI-POF). In particular, we discuss the responsivity of an optical strain sensor which is based on the phase measurement of an intensity-modul

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Rothe, Stefan, Hannes Radner, Nektarios Koukourakis, and Jürgen W. Czarske. "Transmission Matrix Measurement of Multimode Optical Fibers by Mode-Selective Excitation Using One Spatial Light Modulator." Applied Sciences 9, no. 1 (2019): 195. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9010195.

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Multimode fibers (MMF) are promising candidates to increase the data rate while reducing the space required for optical fiber networks. However, their use is hampered by mode mixing and other effects, leading to speckled output patterns. This can be overcome by measuring the transmission matrix (TM) of a multimode fiber. In this contribution, a mode-selective excitation of complex amplitudes is performed with only one phase-only spatial light modulator. The light field propagating through the fiber is measured holographically and is analyzed by a rapid decomposition method. This technique requ

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Safarloo, Sahar, Alberto Tapetado, and Carmen Vázquez. "Experimental Validation of High Spatial Resolution of Two-Color Optical Fiber Pyrometer." Sensors 23, no. 9 (2023): 4320. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23094320.

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Taking non-contact temperature measurements in narrow areas or confined spaces of non-uniform surfaces requires high spatial resolution and independence of emissivity uncertainties that conventional cameras can hardly provide. Two-color optical fiber (OF) pyrometers based on standard single-mode (SMF) and multi-mode optical fibers (MMF) with a small core diameter and low numerical aperture in combination with associated commercially available components can provide a spatial resolution in the micrometer range, independent of the material’s emissivity. Our experiment involved using a patterned

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Singh, Jasmeet, Andreas Ahrens, and Steffen Lochmann. "Joint Pre- and Post-Equalization with Higher-Order Modulation Formats in SDM-Based Optical MIMO Systems." Photonics 9, no. 11 (2022): 876. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics9110876.

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The multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) technology is a promising area of research to cope up with the demands of higher data rates and capacity. In the optical communication domain, the combination of space-division multiplexing (SDM) with higher-order modulation (HOM) formats over an optical MIMO system actively addresses these challenges. By allowing multi-level signaling with limited increment in the transmitter’s complexity, a jointly designed pre- and post-equalization (PPE) for an optical MIMO system with a multi-mode fiber (MMF) link is proposed. Cost-effectiveness of the system

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14

Khattak, Anum, Gerard Tatel, and Li Wei. "Tunable and Switchable Erbium-Doped Fiber Laser Using a Multimode-Fiber Based Filter." Applied Sciences 8, no. 7 (2018): 1135. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app8071135.

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We demonstrated a compact tunable and switchable single/dual-wavelength erbium-doped fiber laser. The fiber laser can be tuned and switched from single-wavelength to dual-wavelength oscillation by using our recently proposed tunable comb filter. The comb filter consists of a section of multimode fiber (MMF) coiled into a polarization controller and two sections of single mode fibers (SMFs) to form a SMF/MMF/SMF structure, serving as a simple tunable all-fiber Mach-Zehnder interferometer. Due to the insertion of the MMF-based polarization controller (PC), an additional phase shift is introduced

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Dreyer, Uilian José, Aritz Ozcariz, Joaquín Ascorbe, et al. "Gas Detection Using LMR-Based Optical Fiber Sensors." Proceedings 2, no. 13 (2018): 890. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130890.

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This work presents a first approach to the utilization of Lossy Mode Resonance (LMR) based optical fiber sensors for gas detection. The optical sensor is based on a SnO2 thin-film fabricated onto the core of cladding removed multimode fibers (MMF). The time response of the device to four different gases (NH3, NO, CO2 and O2) was monitored obtaining the best sensitivity for NO whereas the response to NH3 revealed the best repeatability.

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Scharf, Elias, Robert Kuschmierz, and Jürgen Czarske. "Holographic lensless fiber endoscope with needle size using self-calibration." tm - Technisches Messen 86, no. 3 (2019): 144–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/teme-2018-0087.

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AbstractEndoscopes enable optical keyhole access in many applications for instance in biomedicine. In general, coherent fiber bundles (CFB) are used in conjunction with rigid lens systems which determine a fixed image plane. However, the lens system limits the minimum diameter of the endoscope typically to several millimeters. Additionally, only pixelated two-dimensional amplitude patterns can be transferred due to phase scrambling between adjacent cores. These limitations can be overcome by digital optical elements. Thus, in principle thinner, lensless, holographic endoscopes with a three-dim

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Singh, Jasmeet, and Andreas Ahrens. "Joint-Transceiver Equalization Technique over a 1.4 km Multi-Mode Fiber Using Optical MIMO Technique in IM/DD Systems." Photonics 10, no. 6 (2023): 696. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics10060696.

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In optical fiber communication, recent advances in multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) systems using space-division multiplexing have helped achieve higher spectral efficiency and data rates. Propagating higher-order modulation formats over MIMO systems further strengthens the capacity of the transmission link. In the optical-MIMO system, the dispersion impairments originating from a 1.4 km long multi-mode fiber (MMF) are mitigated using the proposed joint-transceiver equalization technique. A numerical convex optimization algorithm is used to compute and optimize the pre- and post-equal

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Maria Eduarda Benfica Gonçalves, Rafael Andrade Vieira, Ciro Matheus de Lima Costa, Rafael Andrade Vieira, Jessica Guerreiro Santos Ramalho, and Valéria Loureiro da Silva. "Optical Fibers Characterization for Macrobending Sensors." JOURNAL OF BIOENGINEERING, TECHNOLOGIES AND HEALTH 7, no. 1 (2024): 51–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.34178/jbth.v7i1.366.

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The article delves into characterizing macrobending losses in optical fiber coils for use in diverse sensors. It examines Single-Mode Fiber (SMF) and Multimode Fiber (MMF) with step and graded index profiles incorporated into sensor coils of varying diameters and numbers of turns. The experimental configuration involves compressing the coils to monitor optical power loss caused by attenuation. The findings reveal that SMFs experience more significant macrobending losses than MMFs, while the graded index fiber exhibits notable resistance to bending. These results offer valuable guidance for fib

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19

Kern, Alexander, Sujoy Paul, Dietmar Wahl, Ahmed Al-Samaneh, and Rainer Michalzik. "Single-Fiber Bidirectional Optical Data Links with Monolithic Transceiver Chips." Advances in Optical Technologies 2012 (February 27, 2012): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/729731.

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We report the monolithic integration, fabrication, and electrooptical properties of AlGaAs-GaAs-based transceiver (TRx) chips for 850 nm wavelength optical links with data rates of multiple Gbit/s. Using a single butt-coupled multimode fiber (MMF), low-cost bidirectional communication in half- and even full-duplex mode is demonstrated. Two design concepts are presented, based on a vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) and a monolithically integrated p-doped-intrinsic-n-doped (PIN) or metal-semiconductor-metal (MSM) photodetector. Whereas the VCSEL-PIN photodiode (PD) chips are used fo

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Zhao, Jian, Yaping Liu, and Tianhua Xu. "Advanced DSP for Coherent Optical Fiber Communication." Applied Sciences 9, no. 19 (2019): 4192. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9194192.

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In this paper, we provide an overview of recent progress on advanced digital signal processing (DSP) techniques for high-capacity long-haul coherent optical fiber transmission systems. Not only the linear impairments existing in optical transmission links need to be compensated, but also, the nonlinear impairments require proper algorithms for mitigation because they become major limiting factors for long-haul large-capacity optical transmission systems. Besides the time domain equalization (TDE), the frequency domain equalization (FDE) DSP also provides a similar performance, with a much-redu

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Wang, Zeliang, André Sandmann, John G. McWhirter, and Andreas Ahrens. "Decoupling of Broadband Optical MIMO Systems Using the Multiple Shift SBR2 Algorithm." International Journal of Advances in Telecommunications, Electrotechnics, Signals and Systems 6, no. 1 (2017): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.11601/ijates.v6i1.207.

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Polynomial singular value decomposition (PSVD) plays a very important role in broadband multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems. One of its applications lies in the decoupling of MIMO convolutive mixing channel matrixin order to recover the transmitted signals corrupted by the channel interference (CI) at the receiver. In this paper, a novel algorithm, known as multiple shift second order sequential best rotation (MS-SBR2), is proposed to compute the approximate PSVD of the broadband MIMO channel matrix. Experimental examples, including a measured (2 × 2) optical MIMO channel impulse res

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Mar-Abundis, Nailea, Yadira Aracely Fuentes-Rubio, René Fernando Domínguez-Cruz, and José Rafael Guzmán-Sepúlveda. "Sugar Detection in Aqueous Solution Using an SMS Fiber Device." Sensors 23, no. 14 (2023): 6289. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23146289.

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We report on the fabrication and testing of a fiber optics sensor based on multimodal interference effects, which aims at the detection of different types of sweeteners dissolved in water. The device, which has a simple structure, commonly known as the SMS configuration, is built by splicing a segment of commercial-grade, coreless multimode fiber (NC-MMF) between two standard single-mode fibers (SMFs). In this configuration, the evanescent field traveling outside the core of the NC-MMF allows the sensing of the refractive index of the surrounding media, making it possible to detect different l

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Kumari, Meet, Abhishek Sharma, and Sushank Chaudhary. "High-Speed Spiral-Phase Donut-Modes-Based Hybrid FSO-MMF Communication System by Incorporating OCDMA Scheme." Photonics 10, no. 1 (2023): 94. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics10010094.

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Hybrid free-space optics (FSO) and optical fiber have been viewed as vital transmission techniques to satisfy high bandwidth and extended transmission range requirements under adverse environment conditions in the future last-mile obstruction problem. In this investigation, 80 Gbps data is transmitted on a hybrid FSO and multimode fiber (MMF)-based network using mode division multiplexing of two donut modes, Donut mode 0 and 1, and optical code-division multiplexing (OCDMA) schemes. For the OCDMA schemes, modified new zero-cross-correlation (MNZCC) codes are used, whereas, to add the phases in

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Xiang, Qianyi, Nan Li, Xingfan Chen, Cheng Liu, and Huizhu Hu. "Miniaturized Dual-Beam Optical Trap Based on Fiber Pigtailed Focuser." Photonics 10, no. 9 (2023): 1007. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics10091007.

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Optical traps, utilizing a laser to confine and manipulate microscopic particles, are widely employed in various scientific applications. We propose a miniaturized dual-beam fiber optical trap for acceleration sensing. It comprises two counter-propagating beams’ output from a customized pair of single-mode fiber pigtailed focusers (SMFPF). We investigate the correlation between the misalignment and the coupling efficiency of the SMFPF pair. By maximizing the coupling efficiency, the optimal alignment is achieved. A multimode fiber (MMF) is introduced to collect and transmit side-scattered ligh

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Liu, Yifan, Panpan Yu, Yijing Wu, et al. "Single-shot wide-field imaging in reflection by using a single multimode fiber." Applied Physics Letters 122, no. 6 (2023): 063701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0132123.

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A single multimode fiber (MMF) provides almost an ideal optical channel to constitute a hair-thin endoscope for minimally invasive biomedical imaging at depths in tissue, especially if the imaging operation can be performed with one single shot in reflection mode, which, however, remains challenging to date. In this work, we present single-shot wide-field reflectance imaging by using a single MMF as the illumination unit and imaging probe simultaneously. To achieve single-shot image capture, a reflection matrix of the fiber was built by a learning-assisted approach for the universal inverse co

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Lin, Yu-Hong, Chih-Hsien Cheng, Cheng-Ting Tsai, Wei-Li Wu, Kent D. Choquette, and Gong-Ru Lin. "Surface Photonic Crystal Engineering of a Multi-Mode VCSEL for a Bit-Loaded Broadband QAM-OFDM Data Link at 99 Gbit/s." Photonics 10, no. 5 (2023): 549. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics10050549.

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Bit-loaded quadrature amplitude modulation-orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (QAM-OFDM) encoding and photonic-crystal-engineered multi-mode vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (MM-VCSELs) transmission performance are analyzed. Two different surface photonic-crystal designs are used to configure the core and cladding regions of MM-VCSELs, producing continuous-wave and digital-encoding outputs. These outputs are combined with the end-face-flattened OM5 multi-mode fiber (MMF) for 100 m short-reach transmission. The photonic-crystal (PhC) structure exhibits a spatial mode-filtering ab

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Kumari, Meet, Vivek Arya, and Hamza Mohammed Ridha Al-Khafaji. "Wheel-Based MDM-PON System Incorporating OCDMA for Secure Network Resiliency." Photonics 10, no. 3 (2023): 329. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics10030329.

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Wheel-based network resilience passive optical network (PON) based on mode division multiplexing (MDM) can be integrated with optical code division multiple access (OCDMA) schemes efficiently for the fixed and backhaul traffic under normal and break/failure fiber operating conditions. In this work, a bidirectional 10/2.5 Gbit/s hybrid MDM-OCDMA-PON system using multi-weight zero cross-correlation (MWZCC) code is proposed. Donut modes 0 and 1 are incorporated by the MDM technique in the proposed system. The benefit of this work is to offer an inexpensive, high-bandwidth and advanced long-haul n

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Li, Zequan, Jiantao Liu, Changming Xia, Zhiyun Hou, and Guiyao Zhou. "Supermode Characteristics of Nested Multiple Hollow-Core Anti-Resonant Fibers." Photonics 9, no. 11 (2022): 816. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics9110816.

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Mode-division multiplexing (MDM) can achieve ultra-high data capacity in optical fiber communication. Several impressive works on multicore fiber (MCF), multi-mode fiber, and few-mode multicore fiber have made significant achievements in MDM. However, none of the previous works can simultaneously maintain the transmission loss, chromatic dispersion (CD), and differential group delay (DGD) at a relatively low level. A nested multiple hollow-core anti-resonant fiber (NMH-ARF) has significant potential for applications in MDM. This study proposes a novel NMH-ARF with its structural design based o

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Yu, Qixing, Yaoyao Qi, Zhenxu Bai та ін. "L-band of ∼ 1.6 μm tunable multi-wavelength mode-locked Er-doped fiber laser with an MMF- FMF based structure". Optical Fiber Technology 84 (травень 2024): 103762. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yofte.2024.103762.

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Būtaitė, Unė G., Hlib Kupianskyi, Tomáš Čižmár, and David B. Phillips. "How to Build the “Optical Inverse” of a Multimode Fibre." Intelligent Computing 2022 (November 17, 2022): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.34133/2022/9816026.

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When light propagates through multimode optical fibres (MMFs), the spatial information it carries is scrambled. Wavefront shaping reverses this scrambling, typically one spatial mode at a time—enabling deployment of MMFs as ultrathin microendoscopes. Here, we go beyond sequential wavefront shaping by showing how to simultaneously unscramble all spatial modes emerging from an MMF in parallel. We introduce a passive multiple-scattering element—crafted through the process of inverse design—that is complementary to an MMF and undoes its optical effects. This “optical inverter” makes possible singl

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Weng, Yi, Junyi Wang, and Zhongqi Pan. "Recent Advances in DSP Techniques for Mode Division Multiplexing Optical Networks with MIMO Equalization: A Review." Applied Sciences 9, no. 6 (2019): 1178. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9061178.

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This paper provides a technical review regarding the latest progress on multi-input multi-output (MIMO) digital signal processing (DSP) equalization techniques for high-capacity fiber-optic communication networks. Space division multiplexing (SDM) technology was initially developed to improve the demanding capacity of optic-interconnect links through mode-division multiplexing (MDM) using few-mode fibers (FMF), or core-multiplexing exploiting multicore fibers (MCF). Primarily, adaptive MIMO filtering techniques were proposed to de-multiplex the signals upon different modes or cores, and to dyn

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Noori, Awab, Angela Amphawan, Alaan Ghazi, and S. A. Aljunid Ghazi. "Dynamic evolving neural fuzzy inference system equalization scheme in mode division multiplexer for optical fiber transmission." Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics 8, no. 1 (2019): 127–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/eei.v8i1.1399.

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The performance of optical mode division multiplexer (MDM) is affected by inter-symbol interference (ISI), which arises from higher-order mode coupling and modal dispersion in multimode fiber (MMF). Existing equalization algorithms in MDM can mitigate linear channel impairments, but cannot tackle nonlinear channel impairments accurately. Therefore, mitigating the noise in the received signal of MDM in the presence of ISI to recover the transmitted signal is important issue. This paper aims at controlling the broadening of the signal from MDM and minimizing the undesirable noise among channels.

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Wei, Yong, Ping Wu, Zongda Zhu, et al. "Surface-Plasmon-Resonance-Based Optical-Fiber Micro-Displacement Sensor with Temperature Compensation." Sensors 18, no. 10 (2018): 3210. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s18103210.

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Micro-displacement measurements play a crucial role in many industrial applications. Aiming to address the defects of existing optical-fiber displacement sensors, such as low sensitivity and temperature interference, we propose and demonstrate a novel surface plasmon resonance (SPR)-based optical-fiber micro-displacement sensor with temperature compensation. The sensor consists of a displacement-sensing region (DSR) and a temperature-sensing region (TSR). We employed a graded-index multimode fiber (GI-MMF) to fabricate the DSR and a hetero-core structure fiber to fabricate the TSR. For the DSR

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Fuentes-Rubio, Yadira Aracely, Yamil Alejandro Zúñiga-Ávalos, José Rafael Guzmán-Sepúlveda, and René Fernando Domínguez-Cruz. "Refractometric Detection of Adulterated Milk Based on Multimode Interference Effects." Foods 11, no. 8 (2022): 1075. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods11081075.

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This paper reports on the refractometric detection of water-adulterated milk using an optical fiber sensor whose principle of operation is based on multimode interference (MMI). The device is manufactured in a simple way by splicing a segment of coreless multimode fiber (NC-MMF) between two single-mode fibers (SMFs); neither functionalization nor deposition of a sensing material is required. MMI takes place in the NC-MMF and, when fed with a broadband spectrum, a transmission peak appears at the output of the MMI device due to its inherent filter-like response, whose position depends on the ef

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Chen, Maoqing, Qifeng Liu, and Yong Zhao. "All Fiber Mach–Zehnder Interferometer Based on Intracavity Micro-Waveguide for a Magnetic Field Sensor." Applied Sciences 11, no. 23 (2021): 11569. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app112311569.

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A magnetic fluid (MF)-based magnetic field sensor with a filling-splicing fiber structure is proposed. The sensor realizes Mach–Zehnder interference by an optical fiber cascade structure consisting of single mode fiber (SMF), multimode fiber (MMF), and single-hole-dual-core fiber (SHDCF). The core in the cladding and the core in the air hole of SHDCF are used as the reference and sensing light path, respectively, and the air hole of SHDCF is filled with magnetic fluid to realize magnetic field measurement based on magnetic controlled refractive index (RI) characteristics. The theoretical feasi

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Khulbe, Manisha, and Harish Parthasarathy. "Orbital Angular Momentum Wave Generation and Multiplexing: Experiments and Analysis Using Classical and Quantum Optics." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2022 (November 11, 2022): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/5355854.

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Optical fiber communication is known as the backbone of communication today for voice, video, and data transmission. Recent advancements in optical technologies are leading us to many new forms of generation of orbital angular momentum (OAM) waves and its transmission technologies. Among them are hypergeometric waveform (HG), Bessel’s waveforms, Laguerre Gaussian waveforms, and other forms of OAMs. This mode of communication is by the twisted form of electromagnetic wave which can accommodate a larger number of channels making communication simpler for wired and wireless communication. In this

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Liu, Zhaojun, Lianqing Zhu, Lidan Lu, Chunmei Shangguan, Dongliang Zhang, and Jinsong Wang. "Determination of temperature and strain by a compact optical fiber Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) composed of a single-mode fiber (SMF), seven core fiber (SCF), and multimode fiber (MMF) with a fiber Bragg grating (FBG)." Instrumentation Science & Technology 49, no. 4 (2021): 457–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10739149.2021.1884092.

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Ding, Qingan, Li Zheng, Huixin Liu, et al. "Design and Performance Analysis of Hybrid Multidimensional OAM-DM-WDM-OFDM-PON System with High-Capacity and Long-Distance Transmission." Photonics 9, no. 7 (2022): 448. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics9070448.

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Orbital angular momentum (OAM) with mutually orthogonal advantage attribute to break through the high capacity and long-reach transmission limited in the classical passive optical network (PON). Employing Laguerre Gaussian (LG) mode as the orthogonal OAM excitation, a more dimensional multiplexing PON system is proposed to creatively hybridize OAM division multiplexing (OAM-DM) based on wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) and orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM). By utilizing the compatibility of OAM-DM and WDM, data of 40 Gbit/s OFDM signals is successfully transmitted in 80 k

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Feng, Zhong Yao, Ling Li, Dan Su, and Yu Peng Wang. "A Stable Dual-Wavelengths Fiber Laser Equipped by an In-Fiber Integrated Michelson Interferometer." Applied Mechanics and Materials 421 (September 2013): 122–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.421.122.

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In this letter, an in-fiber integrated Michelson interformeteris proposed and experimentally demonstrated. The device consists in the combination of multi-mode fiber (MMF) and a single-mode fiber (SMF) tip which is covered by thick silver film. The MMF excites cladding modes into downstream SMF via the mismatch-core splicing interface. The core-cladding modes are reflected back by the silver and recoupled to fiber core through the MMF. By the reason of fiber-core mismatch and core-cladding modes interference, a well-defined interference pattern is obtained. A stable dual-wavelength fiber laser

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Ci, Yingjuan, Fang Ren, Xiao Lei, Yidan Li, Deyang Zhou, and Jianping Wang. "A Weakly-Coupled Double Bow-Tie Multi-Ring Elliptical Core Multi-Mode Fiber for Mode Division Multiplexing across C+L+U Band." Applied Sciences 13, no. 10 (2023): 5855. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13105855.

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We herein present a weakly-coupled double bow-tie multi-ring elliptical core multi-mode fiber (DBT-MREC-MMF) supporting 22 eigenmodes for mode division multiplexing across the C+L+U band. The proposed fiber introduces a multi-ring elliptical core, bow-tie air holes, and bow-tie stress-applying areas to effectively split adjacent eigenmodes. By utilizing the finite element method (FEM), we accordingly optimized the fiber to support the 22 modes under the weakly-coupled condition. We evaluated the impact of fiber parameters on the minimum effective refractive index difference (min Δneff) between

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Skorupski, Krzysztof. "Low-Loss Connection of Hybrid Fibre Optic Systems with Low Sensitivity to Wavelength." Metrology and Measurement Systems 20, no. 4 (2013): 697–704. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/mms-2013-0060.

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Abstract This paper proposes a method for adjusting light waves propagating in systems composed of photonic fibers, light sources and detection elements. The paper presents the properties of these connections in terms of the loss of signal transmission. Different fiber core areas were analyzed, and measurements of the mode-field diameters (MFDs) of selected fiber structures are presented. The study analyzed two types of LMA (Large Mode Area) fiber structures, and the mode-field diameters of these structures were measured on the basis of the radiation distribution obtained under near-field cond

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Klimek, Jacek. "Coupled Energy Measurements in Multi-Core Photonic-Crystal Fibers." Metrology and Measurement Systems 20, no. 4 (2013): 689–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/mms-2013-0059.

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Abstract This paper outlines a measurement method of properties of microstructured optical fibers that are useful in sensing applications. Experimental studies of produced photonic-crystal fibers allow for a better understanding of the principles of energy coupling in photonic-crystal fibers. For that purpose, fibers with different filling factors and lattice constants were produced. The measurements demonstrated the influence of the fiber geometry on the coupling level of light between the cores. For a distance between the cores of 15 μm, a very low level (below 2%) of energy coupling was obt

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Feng, Chengcheng, Hao Niu, Hongye Wang, et al. "Probe-Type Multi-Core Fiber Optic Sensor for Simultaneous Measurement of Seawater Salinity, Pressure, and Temperature." Sensors 24, no. 6 (2024): 1766. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s24061766.

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In this article, we propose and demonstrate a probe-type multi-core fiber (MCF) sensor for the multi-parameter measurement of seawater. The sensor comprises an MCF and two capillary optical fibers (COFs) with distinct inner diameters, in which a 45° symmetric core reflection (SCR) structure and a step-like inner diameter capillary (SIDC) structure filled with polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) are fabricated at the fiber end. The sensor is equipped with three channels for different measurements. The surface plasmon resonance (SPR) channel (CHSPR) based on the side-polished MCF is utilized for salinit

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Lin, Xiao-Jun, Yu-Xin Gao, Jin-Gan Long, et al. "Spatial Beam Self-Cleaning in Bi-Tapered Multimode Fibers." Photonics 8, no. 11 (2021): 479. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics8110479.

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We report the spatial beam self-cleaning in bi-tapered conventional multimode fibers (MMFs) with different tapered lengths. Through the introduction of the bi-tapered structure in MMFs, the input beam with poor beam quality from a high-power fiber laser can be converted to a centered, bell-shaped beam in a short length, due to the strengthened nonlinear modes coupling. It is found that the bi-tapered MMF with longer tapered length at the same waist diameter shows better beam self-cleaning effect and larger spectral broadening. The obtained results offer a new method to improve the beam quality

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Balakin, A. A., S. A. Skobelev, A. V. Andrianov, E. A. Anashkina, and A. G. Litvak. "COHERENT PROPAGATION OF LASER BEAMS IN MCF FIBERS." XXII workshop of the Council of nonlinear dynamics of the Russian Academy of Sciences 47, no. 1 (2019): 21–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.29006/1564-2291.jor-2019.47(1).5.

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The successful development of fiber-optic technologies in recent decades has stimulated research on the replacement of components of solid-state laser systems with fiber components, which can drastically change the attractiveness of the corresponding applied developments. Yielding on the energy characteristics of solid-state systems, fiber lasers and nonlinear optical devices have high efficiency of conversion of pump energy to radiation energy associated with waveguide geometry, high quality of the spatial profile of the laser beam, as well as low cost, compactness, lack of alignment in work

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Alexeyev, C. N., S. S. Alieva, E. V. Barshak, B. P. Lapin, and M. A. Yavorsky. "Influence of attenuation on the generation of optical vortices in multihelicoidal optical fibers." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2103, no. 1 (2021): 012149. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2103/1/012149.

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Abstract In this paper we have studied influence of attenuation on conversion processes of the fundamental mode (FM) in multihelicoidal optical fibers (MHF) in the vicinity of the point of accidental spectrum degeneracy within the framework of the scalar approximation. To this end, we have obtained expressions for modes of the MHF, which consist of the FM and an optical vortex (OV), and shown that conversion of the FM into the OV takes place. The difference in the attenuation coefficients for the partial fields of MHF’s modes leads to deterioration in the conversion process even with an ideal

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Fan, Xiaofeng, Shuying Deng, Zhongchao Wei, Faqiang Wang, Chunhua Tan, and Hongyun Meng. "Ammonia Gas Sensor Based on Graphene Oxide-Coated Mach-Zehnder Interferometer with Hybrid Fiber Structure." Sensors 21, no. 11 (2021): 3886. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21113886.

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A graphene oxide-coated in-fiber Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) formed with a multimode fiber-thin core fiber-multimode fiber (MMF-TCF-MMF) is proposed and experimentally demonstrated for ammonia gas (NH3) sensing. The MZI structure is composed of two segments of MMF of length 2 mm, with a flame-tapered TCF between them as the sensing arm. The MMFs act as mode couplers to split and recombine light owing to the core diameter mismatch with the other fibers. A tapered TCF is formed by the flame melting taper method, resulting in evanescent wave leakage. A layer of graphene oxide (GO) is applie

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48

Bremer, Kort, Lourdes Shanika Malindi Alwis, Yulong Zheng, and Bernhard Wilhelm Roth. "Towards Mode-Multiplexed Fiber Sensors: An Investigation on the Spectral Response of Etched Graded Index OM4 Multi-Mode Fiber with Bragg grating for Refractive Index and Temperature Measurement." Applied Sciences 10, no. 1 (2020): 337. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10010337.

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An investigation on the feasibility of utilizing Mode Division Multiplexing (MDM) for simultaneous measurement of Surrounding Refractive Index (SRI) and temperature using a single sensor element based on an etched OM4 Graded Index Multi Mode Fiber (GI-MMF) with an integrated fiber Bragg Grating (BG), is presented. The proposed work is focused on the concept of principle mode groups (PMGs) generated by the OM4 GI-MMF whose response to SRI and temperature would be different and thus discrimination of the said two parameters can be achieved simultaneously via a single sensor element. Results indi

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Zhao, Zhiyong, Yunli Dang, and Ming Tang. "Advances in Multicore Fiber Grating Sensors." Photonics 9, no. 6 (2022): 381. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics9060381.

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In recent years, multicore fiber (MCF) has attracted increasing interest for sensing applications, due to its unique fiber structure of multiple parallel cores in a single fiber cladding, which offers a flexible configurable platform to establish diverse functional fiber devices for sensing applications. So far, a variety of discrete fiber sensors using MCF have been developed, among which one of the major categories is the MCF grating sensors. The most distinct characteristic of MCF that differs from the normal single mode fibers is that the off-center cores of a MCF are sensitive to bending,

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Dong, Xinran, Li Zeng, Dongkai Chu, and Xiaoyan Sun. "Highly Sensitive Dual Parameter Sensor Based on a Hybrid Structure with Multimode Interferometer and Fiber Bragg Grating Fabricated by Femtosecond Laser." Sensors 21, no. 17 (2021): 5938. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21175938.

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A hybrid sensing configuration for simultaneous measurement of strain and temperature based on fiber Bragg grating (FBG) written in an offset multimode fiber (MMF) interferometer using femtosecond laser pulse is proposed and demonstrated. A Mach–Zehnder interferometer is formed by splicing a section of MMF between two single-mode fibers (SMFs) and a high interference fringe of up to 15 dB is achieved. The sensing experimental results show a strain sensitivity of −1.17 pm/με and 0.6498 pm/με for the dip of MZI and Bragg peak, while a temperature sensitivity of 42.84 pm/°C and 19.96 pm/°C is mea

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