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Kretschmer, Katja. "Dünne, multi-sensitive Hydrogelschichten aus photovernetzbaren Blockcopolymeren." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2005. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:swb:14-1132572580132-69304.
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Ziel dieser Arbeit ist die Darstellung funktioneller Materialien, die ein multi-sensitives Ansprechverhalten aufweisen. Die Charakterisierung des Quellverhaltens der Gele stellt die Voraussetzung dar, die phasenseparierten Polymerfilme als multi-sensitive Sensorschichten mit verbessertem Ansprechverhalten einzusetzen. Die Aufgabe dieser Arbeit besteht in der Synthese von AB-Blockcopolymeren, die im wässrigen Medium auf die Temperatur oder auf die Temperatur und den pH-Wert ansprechen. Unter Verwendung der Makroinitiator-Technik werden Blockcopolymere synthetisiert. Zunächst werden temperatur-sensitive Polymere mit einem wasserlöslichen Polyethylenglykol-Block (PEG) und N-Isopropylacrylamid (NIPAAm) mittels "Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization" (ATRP) hergestellt. Die Umsetzung der durch "Nitroxide Mediated Radical Polymerization" (NMRP) hergestellten pH-sensitiven Poly(2-vinylpyridin)-Blöcke (P2VP) mit NIPAAm führt zu multi-sensitiven Blockcopolymeren. Da die Polymere auf ihre Quelleigenschaften in dünnen Filmen hin untersucht werden sollen, ist die Verwendung eines Chromophors, der in den NIPAAm-Block einpolymerisiert wird, nötig. Die Vernetzung der Polymerfilme erfolgt photochemisch. Das Quellverhalten der Polymerschichten wurde mit der Methode der "Surface Plasmon Resonance"-Spektroskopie (SPR) charakterisiert. Im Rahmen dieser Arbeit ist es gelungen, multi-sensitive Polymere darzustellen und deren Sensitivität in dünnen Polymerfilmen nachzuweisen. Bei den synthetisierten Polymeren handelt es sich um neuartige und funktionelle Materialien.
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Kose, Muhammet Erkan. "Multi-luminophore coatings for pressure sensitive paint applications." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2005. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0009861.
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Sroka, Michal. "Multi-objective planning using a metric sensitive planner." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2015. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/multiobjective-planning-using-a-metric-sensitive-planner(8874baf3-9d09-468e-9b5b-bdf25b996f24).html.
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Automated planning addresses the problem of generating a sequence of actions to satisfy given goal conditions for a constructed model of the world. In recent planning approaches heuristic guidance is used to lead the search towards the goal. The focus of this work is on domains where plan quality is assessed with plan metrics. A discussion of the impact of a popular relaxed planning graph heuristic on the quality of plans in such domains is presented. The relaxed planning graph heuristic bias towards shorter plans, irrespective of quality, is described. A novel approach to constructing the relaxed planning graph based on metric cost is presented to overcome this bias and to generate good quality plans. A notion of metric sensitivity as the ability of a planner to respond to the change of the plan metric, is introduced and methods to determine metric sensitivity are presented. Current state-of-the-art planners are evaluated in terms of their metric sensitivity. This research also tackles the problem of planning in multiobjective domains, where quality of a plan is evaluated using multiple plan metrics. For multiobjective domains the solution is no longer a single plan but a set of plans. A set of non dominated solutions is called a pareto frontier. This thesis contains a discussion on the desired properties of such sets of plans and methods of generating them. Metric sensitivity is a required property for a planner to effectively reason with user defined metrics and generate desired set of plans. The main significant contributions of the work described in the thesis are: 1. A definition and exploration of metric sensitivity in planning. 2. A context-dependent, cost-based relaxed planning graph and heuristic. 3. A compilation method from cost to temporal domains. 4. Examination of the impact of planners’ properties on the quality of plans and APFs.
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Shiang, Hsien-Po. "Designing autonomic wireless multi-hop networks for delay-sensitive applications." Diss., Restricted to subscribing institutions, 2009. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1709825371&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=1564&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Traini, Alessandro. "Antenna-Coupled LEKIDs for Multi-Band CMB Polarization Sensitive Pixel." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCC205/document.
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La prochaine génération d’instruments pour l'observation de la polarisation du fond diffus cosmologique est particulièrement exigeante en termes de nombre de détecteurs, de qualité de la mesure et d'efficacité de remplissage du plan focal. De plus, pour détecter les modes-B de polarisation provenant de l’inflation, il faut observer le ciel avec plusieurs bandes de fréquence afin de soustraire les avant-plans. Dans ce contexte, les détecteurs à inductance cinétique (KIDs) représentent une technologie très prometteuse en raison de leur grand facteur de multiplexage et de leur facilité de réalisation, tandis que le couplage avec une antenne peut fournir des solutions multi-bandes et double-polarisation dans un design compacte. Les KIDs à éléments localisés (LEKID) couplé à une antenne développé dans cette thèse sont sensibles à la polarisation avec deux sous-bandes à 140 GHz et 160 GHz chacune avec une bande passante de 10%. L'architecture proposée utilise une antenne à fente excitée par une ligne microruban et deux filtres passe-bande vers deux résonateurs. Ces derniers sont couplés capacitivement avec l'antenne et comprennent une ligne microruban en Aluminium comme absorbeur. Cette architecture est particulièrement simple à fabriquer, sans via et ne nécessite que de deux niveaux de métallisation. La transition ne nécessite aucun dépôt de diélectrique au-dessus du résonateur, évitant ainsi les limitations de toute source de bruit due au substrat non-monocristallin (TLS). En outre, la même technique de couplage peut être appliquée à de nombreux types d'antennes excitées par une ligne microruban, ce qui permet de s'adapter aux filtres passe-bandeNext generation telescopes for observing the Cosmic Microwave Background are demanding in terms of number of detectors and focal plane area filling efficiency. Moreover, foreground reduction in B-Mode polarimetry requires sky observation with multiple frequency bands. In this context KIDs are promising technology because of their large multiplexing rate, while antenna coupling can provide multi-band and dual-polarization solutions in compact design. The proposed polarization sensitive antenna-coupled LEKID is operating at 140 GHz and 160 GHz with a bandwidth of almost 10% for each sub-band. The design involves a microstrip excited slot antenna and two open-stub band-pass filters to direct the signal toward two resonators. These are lumped elements capacitively coupled to the antenna and include an Aluminium strip as absorber. The architecture proposed is particularly simple to fabricate, via-less and only involves two metallization levels. The transition doesn't require any dielectric deposition above the resonator, thus preventing limitations from any source of noise due to non-monocrystalline substrate (TLS). Furthermore, the same coupling technique can be applied to many types of microstrip excited antennas, which allow to accommodate band-pass filters
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Lomax, S. E. "Cost-sensitive decision tree learning using a multi-armed bandit framework." Thesis, University of Salford, 2013. http://usir.salford.ac.uk/29308/.
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Decision tree learning is one of the main methods of learning from data. It has been applied to a variety of different domains over the past three decades. In the real world, accuracy is not enough; there are costs involved, those of obtaining the data and those when classification errors occur. A comprehensive survey of cost-sensitive decision tree learning has identified over 50 algorithms, developing a taxonomy in order to classify the algorithms by the way in which cost has been incorporated, and a recent comparison shows that many cost-sensitive algorithms can process balanced, two class datasets well, but produce lower accuracy rates in order to achieve lower costs when the dataset is less balanced or has multiple classes. This thesis develops a new framework and algorithm concentrating on the view that cost-sensitive decision tree learning involves a trade-off between costs and accuracy. Decisions arising from these two viewpoints can often be incompatible resulting in the reduction of the accuracy rates. The new framework builds on a specific Game Theory problem known as the multi-armed bandit. This problem concerns a scenario whereby exploration and exploitation are required to solve it. For example, a player in a casino has to decide which slot machine (bandit) from a selection of slot machines is likely to pay out the most. Game Theory proposes a solution of this problem which is solved by a process of exploration and exploitation in which reward is maximized. This thesis utilizes these concepts from the multi-armed bandit game to develop a new algorithm by viewing the rewards as a reduction in costs, utilizing the exploration and exploitation techniques so that a compromise between decisions based on accuracy and decisions based on costs can be found. The algorithm employs the adapted multi-armed bandit game to select the attributes during decision tree induction, using a look-ahead methodology to explore potential attributes and exploit the attributes which maximizes the reward. The new algorithm is evaluated on fifteen datasets and compared to six well-known algorithms J48, EG2, MetaCost, AdaCostM1, ICET and ACT. The results obtained show that the new multi-armed based algorithm can produce more cost-effective trees without compromising accuracy. The thesis also includes a critical appraisal of the limitations of the developed algorithm and proposes avenues for further research.
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Nabi, Syed Waqar. "A coarse-grained dynamically reconfigurable MAC processor for power-sensitive multi-standard devices." Thesis, Connect to e-thesis, 2009. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/865/.
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Thesis (Eng.D.) - University of Glasgow, 2009.Eng.D. thesis submitted to the Universities of Glasgow, Strathclyde, Edinburgh and Heriott Watt for the degree of Doctor of Engineering in System Level Integration, University of Glasgow, 2009. Includes bibliographical references. Print version also available.
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SILVA, ALEXANDRE LEITE. "REUSE OF DOMAIN-SENSITIVE STRATEGIES FOR DETECTING CODE ANOMALIES: A MULTI-CASE STUDY." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2013. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=23964@1.
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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIROPara promover a longevidade de sistemas de software, estratégias de detecção são reutilizadas para identificar anomalias relacionadas a problemas de manutenção, tais como classes grandes, métodos longos ou mudanças espalhadas. Uma estratégia de detecção é uma heurística composta por métricas de software e limiares, combinados por operadores lógicos, cujo objetivo é detectar um tipo de anomalia. Estratégias pré-definidas são usualmente aplicadas globalmente no programa na tentativa de revelar onde se encontram os problemas críticos de manutenção. A eficiência de uma estratégia de detecção está relacionada ao seu reuso, dado o conjunto de projetos de uma organização. Caso haja necessidade de definir limiares e métricas para cada projeto, o uso das estratégias consumirá muito tempo e será negligenciado. Estudos recentes sugerem que o reuso das estratégias convencionais de detecção não é usualmente possível se aplicadas de forma universal a programas de diferentes domínios. Dessa forma, conduzimos um estudo exploratório em vários projetos de um domínio comum para avaliar o reuso de estratégias de detecção. Também avaliamos o reuso de estratégias conhecidas, com calibragem inicial de limiares a partir do conhecimento e análise de especialistas do domínio. O estudo revelou que, mesmo que o reuso de estratégias aumente quando definidas e aplicadas para um domínio específico, em alguns casos o reuso é limitado pela variação das características dos elementos identificados por uma estratégia de detecção. No entanto, o estudo também revelou que o reuso pode ser significativamente melhorado quando as estratégias consideram peculiaridades dos interesses recorrentes no domínio ao invés de serem aplicadas no programa como um todo.
To prevent the quality decay, detection strategies are reused to identify symptoms of maintainability problems in the entire program. A detection strategy is a heuristic composed by the following elements: software metrics, thresholds, and logical operators combining them. The adoption of detection strategies is largely dependent on their reuse across the portfolio of the organizations software projects. If developers need to define or tailor those strategy elements to each project, their use will become time-consuming and neglected. Nevertheless, there is no evidence about efficient reuse of detection strategies across multiple software projects. Therefore, we conduct an industry multi-project study to evaluate the reusability of detection strategies in a critical domain. We assessed the degree of accurate reuse of previously-proposed detection strategies based on the judgment of domain specialists. The study revealed that even though the reuse of strategies in a specific domain should be encouraged, their accuracy is still limited when holistically applied to all the modules of a program. However, the accuracy and reuse were both significantly improved when the metrics, thresholds and logical operators were tailored to each recurring concern of the domain.
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Sanli, Abdulkadir. "Synthesis and Characterization of Strain Sensitive Multi-walled Carbon Nanotubes/Epoxy based Nanocomposites." Universitätsverlag der Technischen Universität Chemnitz, 2017. https://monarch.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A20878.
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Among various nanofillers, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have attracted a significant attention due to their excellent physical properties. Incorporation of a very low amount of CNTs in polymer matrices enhances mechanical, thermal and optical properties of conductive polymer nanocomposites (CPNs) tremendously. For mechanical sensors, the piezoresistive property of CNTs/polymer nanocomposites exhibits a great potential for the realization of stable, sensitive, tunable and cost-effective strain sensors. Achieving homogeneous CNTs dispersion within the polymer matrices, understanding their complex piezoresistivity and conduction mechanisms, as well as the response of the nanocomposites under humidity and temperature effects, is highly required for the realization of piezoresistive CNTs/polymer based nanocomposites.
This research primarily aims to synthesize and characterize CNTs/polymer based strain sensitive nanocomposites, which are cost-effective, applicable on both rigid and flexible substrates and require a non-complex fabrication process. A comprehensive understanding of the complex conduction and piezoresistive mechanisms of CNTs/polymer nanocomposites and their responses under humidity and temperature effects is another purpose of this thesis.
For this purpose, synthesis and complex electromechanical characterization of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs)/epoxy nanocomposites are realized. In order to realize strain sensors for the strain range up to 1 % the use of epoxy is focused due to its good adhesion, dimensional stability, and good mechanical properties. The nanocomposites with up to 1 wt.% MWCNTs are synthesized by a non-complex direct mixing method and the final nanocomposites are deposited on flexible Kapton and rigid FR4 substrates and their corresponding morphological, electrical, electromechanical, as well as the response of the nanocomposite under humidity and temperature influences, are examined. The deformation over the sensor area is tested by digital image correlation (DIC) under quasi-static uniaxial tension. Quantitative piezoresistive characterization is performed by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) over a wide range of frequencies. Further, dispersion quality of MWCNTs in the epoxy polymer matrix is monitored by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Additionally, in order to tailor the piezoresistivity of the strain sensor, an R-C equivalent circuit is derived based on the impedance responses and the corresponding parameters are extracted from the applied strain. Obtained SEM images confirm that MWCNTs/epoxy nanocomposites with different MWCNTs concentrations have a good homogeneity and dispersion. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) analysis show that the samples have relatively good surface topography and fairly homogeneous CNTs networks. Higher sensitivity is achieved in particular at the concentrations close to the percolation threshold. A non-linear piezoresistive behavior is observed at low MWCNTs concentrations due to the dominance of tunneling effect. The strain sensitive nanocomposites deposited
on FR4 substrates present high-performance strain sensing properties, including high sensitivity, good stability, and durability after cyclic loading and unloading. In addition, MWCNTs/epoxy nanocomposites show quite a small creep, low hysteresis under cyclic tensile and compressive loadings and fast response and recovery times. Nanocomposites provide an opportunity to measure 2-D strain in one position including amplitude and direction for complex configuration of structures in real-time systems or products. In contrast to present solutions for multi-directional strain sensing, MWCNTs/epoxy based nanocomposites give promising results in terms of durability, easy-processability, and tunable piezoresistivity. Unlike commercially-available approaches for crack/damage identification, MWCNTs/epoxy nanocomposites are capable of detecting the applied crack directly over a certain area. From the humidity influence, it has been found that resistance of nanocomposites increases with the increase of humidity exposure due to swelling of the polymer. Temperature investigations show that MWCNTs/epoxy nanocomposites give negative temperature coefficient (NTC) response due to thermal activation of charge carriers and the temperature sensitivity increases with the increase of filler concentration. The proposed approach can be further developed by combining differently fabricated sensors for realizing a compact structural health monitoring system or multi-functional sensor, where pressure, strain, temperature, and humidity can be monitored simultaneously.Unter den verschiedenen Nanofillern haben CNTs aufgrund ihrer hervorragenden physikalischen Eigenschaften eine bedeutende Aufmerksamkeit erregt. Die Einarbeitung einer sehr geringen Menge an CNTs in Polymermatrizen verbessert die mechanischen, thermischen und optischen Eigenschaften von CPNs enorm. Für mechanische Sensoren bietet die piezoresistive Eigenschaft von CNTs/Polymer-Nanokompositen ein großes Potenzial zur Realisierung stabiler, empfindlicher, abstimmbarer und kostengünstiger Dehnungssensoren. Die Erzielung einer homogenen CNT-Dispersion innerhalb der Polymermatrizen, das Verständnis ihrer komplexen Piezoresistivitäts- und Leitungsmechanismen sowie die Reaktion der Nanokomposite unter Feuchte- und Temperatureinflüssen ist für die Realisierung piezoresistiver CNTs/Polymer-basierter Nanokomposite unerlässlich. Diese Arbeit zielt darauf ab, CNTs/polymerbasierte dehnungsempfindliche Nanokomposite herzustellen und zu charakterisieren. Diese Nanokompositen sollen kostengünstig, sowohl auf starren als auch auf flexiblen Substraten anwendbar sein und ein nicht komplexes Herstellungsverfahren erfordern. Ein umfassendes Verständnis der komplexen leitungs- und piezoresistive Mechanismen von CNTs/ Polymer-Nanokompositen und deren Reaktionen unter Feuchtigkeits- und Temperatureinflüssen ist ein weiteres Ziel dieser Arbeit. Zu diesem Zweck werden Synthese und komplexe elektromechanische Charakterisierung von MWCNTs/epoxy nanocomposites realisiert. Um Dehnungssensoren für den Dehnungsbereich bis zu 1 % realisieren zu können, wird der Einsatz von Epoxy aufgrund seiner guten Haftung, Dimensionsstabilität und guten mechanischen Eigenschaften fokussiert. Zufällig verteilte MWCNTs mit bis zu 1 wt.% MWCNTs-Konzentration ist durch ein direktes Mischen synthetisiert und die Nanokomposite werden auf flexiblen Kapton und starren FR4 Substraten durch Siebdruck appliziert und anschließend deren morphologische, elektrische, elektromechanische sowie die Reaktion des Nanocomposits unter Feuchtigkeits- und Temperatureinflüssen untersucht. Die Verformung über den Sensorbereich wird duch die Digital Image Correlation (DIC) Methode unter quasi-statischer uniaxialer Spannung getestet. Die quantitative piezoresistive Charakterisierung wird mit elektrische Impedanzspektroskopie (EIS) in einem breitem Frquenzspektrum durchgeführt. Ferner wird die Dispersionsqualität von MWCNTs in der Epoxidepolymermatrix durch Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) überprüft. Zusätzlich ist, um die Piezoresistivität des Dehnungssensors abzustimmen, eine RC-Äquivalenzschaltung auf der Grundlage der Impedanzantworten abgeleitet und die entsprechenden Parameter unter Belastung extrahiert. Erhaltene SEM-Bilder bestätigen, dass MWCNTs/Epoxide-Nanokomposite mit unterschiedlichen MWCNTs-Konzentrationen eine gute Homogenität und Dispersion aufweisen. Die atomic force microscopy (AFM) Untersuchung zeigt, dass die Proben relativ gute Oberflächentopographie und ziemlich homogene CNT-Netzwerke aufweisen. Eine höhere Empfindlichkeit wird insbesondere bei den Konzentrationen nahe der Perkolationsschwelle erreicht. Eine nichtlineare Piezoresistivität wird bei niedrigen MWCNTs Konzentrationen aufgrund der Dominanz des Tunnelwirkungseffekts beobachtet. Die auf FR4-Substraten applizierten dehnungsempfindlichen Nanokomposite weisen ausgezeichnete Dehnungsmessungseigenschaften einschließlich hohe Empfindlichkeit, gute Stabilität und Haltbarkeit nach zyklischer Be- und Entlastung auf. Darüber hinaus zeigen MWCNTs/Epoxide-Nanokomposite ein geringes Kriechen, eine kleine Hysterese unter zyklischen Zug- und Druckbelastungen, sowie schnelle Reaktionsund Wiederherstellungszeiten. Nanokomposite bieten die Möglichkeit, 2-D-Dehnungen in einer Position einschließlich Amplitude und Richtung innerhalb einer Materialstruktur in Echtzeitsystemen oder Produkten zu messen. Im Gegensatz zu aktuellen Lösungen für die multi-direktionale Dehnungsmessung, bieten die MWCNTs/Epoxide-Nanokomposite vielversprechende Ergebnisse in Bezug auf Langlebigkeit, leichte Verarbeitung und einstellbare Piezoresistivität. Im Unterschied zu kommerziell verfügbaren Ansätzen wird festgestellt, dassMWCNTs/Epoxide-Nanokomposite zur Riss-/Schadenserkennung in der Lage sind, den angelegten Riss direkt über einen bestimmten Bereich zu detektieren. Aus dem Einfluss der Feuchtigkeit hat sich herausgestellt, dass die Resistenz von Nanokompositen mit zunehmender Feuchtigkeitsbelastung durch Quellung des Polymers zunimmt. Temperaturuntersuchungen zeigen, dass MWCNTs/Epoxide-Nanokomposite aufgrund der thermischen Aktivierung von Ladungsträgern auf Temperatureinflüsse reagieren und die Temperaturempfindlichkeit mit der Erhöhung der Füllstoffkonzentration zunimmt. Der vorgeschlagene Ansatz kann durch die Kombination unterschiedlich hergestellte Sensoren zur Realisierung eines kompakten zur Überwachung des Zustands von Strukturen oder von multifunktionalen Sensoren weiterentwickelt werden, bei denen gleichzeitig Druck, Dehnung, Temperatur und Feuchtigkeit überwacht werden können.
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Jamal, Tazim B. "Multi-party consensus processes in environmentally sensitive destinations, paradoxes of ownership and common ground." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/nq31039.pdf.
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Lyons, Wendy Jean. "Sensitive multi-photon nonlinear laser spectroscopic methods for isotope analysis in atmospheric and environmental applications." Diss., [La Jolla] : [San Diego] : University of California, San Diego ; San Diego State University, 2009. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3356293.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, San Diego and San Diego State University, 2009.Title from first page of PDF file (viewed July 2, 2009). Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Vita. Includes bibliographical references.
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Khan, Nabeel. "Quality-driven multi-user resource allocation and scheduling over LTE for delay sensitive multimedia applications." Thesis, Kingston University, 2014. http://eprints.kingston.ac.uk/28203/.
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The expectation from a future generation cellular network is to provide multiplay applications of VoIP, video and data to a continuously growing number of cellular users. The scarcity of the available radio spectrum coupled with the unique traffic handling and Quality of Experience (QoE) requirements of the converged services poses a huge challenge to the network operators. The solution of over-provisioning the network by increasing the amount of bandwidth is not economical. Therefore, efficient partition of network resources becomes mandatory. Scheduling plays an important in determining the overall efficiency of a wireless system. This thesis focuses on quality driven scheduling for efficient resource allocation in multi-user downlink LTE systems. Video traffic contributes a major proportion of network traffic. Therefore, one of the main goals of this work is to design scheduling strategies which consider information about video traffic with the aim of improving the service quality perceived by the user. Various scheduling strategies are proposed taking into account different criteria such as packet delay and importance of a video packet. This thesis presents a novel cross-layer resource allocation architecture which reduces the need for cross-layer signaling and frequent end-to-end link probing (for video rate adaptation) required by other cross-layer approaches. Apart from the novel cross-layer architecture, the thesis applies the concepts of game theory and fuzzy logic frameworks in radio resource management and proposes a composite scheduling rule which considers the service needs of different traffic types such as video, VoIP and data. Results show that the proposed scheduling schemes lead to an efficient partition of radio resources while achieving a significant improvement in the perceived quality as compared to state-of-the-art scheduling rules.
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Nowotsch, Jan [Verfasser], and Theo [Akademischer Betreuer] Ungerer. "Interference-sensitive Worst-case Execution Time Analysis for Multi-core Processors / Jan Nowotsch. Betreuer: Theo Ungerer." Augsburg : Universität Augsburg, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1077704410/34.
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Xun, Weiwei Verfasser], Walter [Akademischer Betreuer] Richtering, and Andrij Z. [Akademischer Betreuer] [Pich. "Control of the rheology of concentrated multi-sensitive microgel suspension / Weiwei Xun ; Walter Richtering, Andrij Pich." Aachen : Universitätsbibliothek der RWTH Aachen, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1130871878/34.
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Dorn, Sabrina [Verfasser], and Marc [Akademischer Betreuer] Kachelrieß. "Context-sensitive imaging for single, dual and multi energy computed tomography / Sabrina Dorn ; Betreuer: Marc Kachelrieß." Heidelberg : Universitätsbibliothek Heidelberg, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1199196061/34.
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Aldeka, Ayad Basheer. "Seismic response of acceleration-sensitive non-structural components mounted on irregular multi-storey reinforced concrete buildings." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2015. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/5858/.
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This research investigates the seismic responses of lightweight acceleration-sensitive non-structural components (NSCs) integrated on irregular multi-storey reinforced concrete (RC) structures designed on different ground types. Dynamic nonlinear finite element analyses of the primary-secondary systems were conducted to provide insight into the seismic response of the NSCs and to evaluate the accuracy of Eurocode 8 (EC8) predictions when the NSCs are attached to the flexible sides along the heights of the primary structures (P-structures). Various sets of natural and artificial earthquake records consisting of 70 accelerograms were utilised. The effects of the plan and vertical mass irregularities were investigated. The NSCs were modelled as vertical cantilevers fixed at their bases with masses on the free ends and varying lengths so as to match the frequencies of the P-structures. A full dynamic interaction is considered between the NSCs and P-structures. The results suggest that the recommendation of the EC8 underestimates the NSCs’ accelerations at the flexible sides of irregular RC P-structures when the NSCs’ periods match those of the P-structures. Consequently, a modification on the existing EC8 design equation is made for the calculation of the maximum acceleration amplification factors of the NSCs taking into account the effects of both the torsion and the maximum seismic capacity of the P-structure.
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Xun, Weiwei [Verfasser], Walter Akademischer Betreuer] Richtering, and Andrij Z. [Akademischer Betreuer] [Pich. "Control of the rheology of concentrated multi-sensitive microgel suspension / Weiwei Xun ; Walter Richtering, Andrij Pich." Aachen : Universitätsbibliothek der RWTH Aachen, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1130871878/34.
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Riley, Celeste Arden. "A Culturally Sensitive Intervention in Pain Management Settings: Use of Dichos in Multi-Ethnic Pain Groups." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2005. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc4937/.
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The present study explored whether use of Spanish language sayings, or dichos, improved group climate within multi-ethnic chronic pain groups. Use of this form of figurative language fits within psychological theory identifying use of metaphor as a means of promoting change and creating new meaning. Further, metaphor use is consistent with the broader aims of experiential therapy. Group climate was measured by group members' self reports using the Group Climate Questionnaire-Short Form. A pilot study involving Latino Americans in medical and non-medical contexts aided in categorizing dichos as high versus low-relevance. It was anticipated that clients would rate high-relevance sessions as involving greater engagement, and less conflict and avoidance than low-relevance groups. Participants were recruited from four multidisciplinary pain management clinics offering similar programs. Once every four to six weeks, group leaders were provided with a list of either high or low-relevance dichos, and were blind to the existence of dichos categories. Three hierarchical regression analyses were employed to determine whether dichos relevance, characterized as low, mixed or highly relevant, contributed to variance in group conflict, avoidance and engagement. Dichos familiarity was the last variable entered into the regression equation, with gender, ethnicity and acculturation score entered in sequential fashion. Consistent with predictions, low-relevance groups yielded higher conflict scores than all groups combined. Also, high-relevance groups predicted lower avoidance when compared to all groups. In contrast to hypotheses, high-relevance groups predicted lower ratings of group engagement when compared to all groups. Post-hoc analysis indicated the mixed-relevance groups yielded significantly higher engagement scores than the low and high-relevance groups. Implications of these findings are discussed in relation to impact on approaches to group therapy with Latino American clients, and within the chronic pain population. Limitations of the study and recommendations for future research are offered.
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Echeverría, Medina Mayra Fernanda. "Anti-staphylococcal properties of four plant extracts against sensitive and multi-resistant bacterial strains isolated from cattle and rabbits." Tesis de Licenciatura, Universidad Autonoma del Estado de México, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11799/95124.
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The aim of this study is to investigate the biopotency of methanolic extracts of Vitex mollis, Psidium guajava,
Dalbergia retusa, and Crescential alata leaves against various staphylococcal strains isolated from cattle and
rabbits. Methicillin-resistant S. aureus strains were isolated from cattle, while other strains were isolated from
rabbits using standard methodology. The total phytochemical phenolic and saponins contents were obtained
being the main groups of the antinutritional factors. The antimicrobial activity of the extracts against the
standard culture of S. aureus (control) and S. aureus isolated from cattle and rabbits were investigated comparatively
relative to that of oxacillin. It was found that both the control S. aureus and the isolated S. aureus are
susceptible to all the four plant extracts, and sensitive to oxacillin. Of all the S. aureus including the control,
MRSA2 is the most susceptible to all the extracts at 1000 μg/mL, except that of V. mollis where it is the least
susceptible. Among all the plant extracts, P. guajava is the most active against MRSA2 and SOSA2. Therefore, the
isolates from cattle (MRSA1 and MRSA2) are more susceptible to all the plant extracts than the isolates from
rabbits. Among all the rabbit isolates, CoNS3 is the least susceptible to the extracts. Since all the plant extracts
exhibit remarkable inhibitory activities against all the S. aureus strains, they are promising towards the production
of therapeutic drugs.
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Bauman, Cheryl Lynn. "Autonomous Navigation of a Ground Vehicle to Optimize Communication Link Quality." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/36302.
Full textAbstract:
The wireless technology of today provides combat systems with the potential to communicate mission critical data to every asset involved in the operation. In such a dynamic environment, the network must be able maintain communication by adapting to subsystems moving relative to each other. A theoretical and experimental foundation is developed that allows an autonomous ground vehicle to serve as an adaptive communication node in a larger network. The vehicle may perform other functions, but its primary role is to constantly reposition itself to maintain optimal link quality for network communication. Experimentation with existing wireless network hardware and software led to the development, implementation, and analysis of two main concepts that provided a signal optimization solution. The first attracts the communication ground vehicle to the network subsystems with weaker links using a vector summation of the signal-to-noise ratio and network subsystem position. This concept continuously generates a desired waypoint for repositioning the ground vehicle. The second concept uses a-priori GIS data to evaluate the desired vehicle waypoint determined by the vector sum. The GIS data is used primarily for evaluating the viewshed, or line-of-sight, between two network subsystems using elevation data. However, infrastructure and ground cover data are also considered in navigation planning. Both concepts prove to be powerful tools for effective autonomous repositioning for maximizing the communication link quality.Master of Science
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Yap, Xiu Huan. "Multi-label classification on locally-linear data: Application to chemical toxicity prediction." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright162901936395651.
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Liu, Lingjia. "On delay-sensitive communication over wireless systems." [College Station, Tex. : Texas A&M University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2725.
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Lessig, Heather. "Species Distribution and Richness Patterns of Bird Communities in the High Elevation Forests of Virginia." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/35899.
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Island biogeography theory predicts that the patterns and distributions of spatially isolated populations are governed by large scale processes. The high elevations forests in the Southern Appalachians represent a series of naturally fragmented islands that harbor many isolated populations of species at the southern limits of their range. Understanding the governing forces of population dynamics in this region will enhance the probability of species persistence in the face of threats such as global warming and human development. We surveyed bird populations across multiple elevations in Virginia and combined this with a multi-scale habitat analysis to determine influences of species presence and species richness. We detected 101 species across the elevation gradient, including 12 species with special conservation status and ten species whose presence increased with increasing elevation. These ten elevation sensitive species responded to habitat variables at both the microhabitat and landscape scale, with species-specific patterns of habitat variable correlation emerging. Habitat type was least effective in predicting species presence for any elevation sensitive species. Species richness declined over the elevation gradient until the highest elevations, where this trend reversed and richness began to increase. This pattern was driven by an increase in short-distance migrants beginning at mid-elevations, which ultimately overpowered a corresponding decrease in long-distance migrants beginning at similar elevations. Habitat analysis linked these patterns to a preference of short-distance migrants for smaller, more isolated non-forested patches, and a historical lack of persistence for long-distance migrants. Conservation and management decisions for the region should focus on a multi-scale approach that preserves all habitat types for continued species presence and high species richness, although the persistence of particular elevation sensitive species is compounded by unique species-habitat relationships and the perception of islands as species-specific. Continued monitoring of these fragmented populations in light of both short- and long-term threats which span multiple scales of influence will maintain high species richness and ensure the persistence of crucial breeding habitat.Master of Science
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Jarupan, Boangoat. "CROSS-LAYER DESIGN FOR LOCATION- AND DELAY-AWARE COMMUNICATION IN VEHICULAR NETWORKS." The Ohio State University, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1306504587.
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Sanli, Abdulkadir [Verfasser], Olfa [Gutachter] Kanoun, Thomas [Gutachter] Fröhlich, and Olfa [Akademischer Betreuer] Kanoun. "Synthesis and Characterization of Strain Sensitive Multi-walled Carbon Nanotubes/Epoxy based Nanocomposites / Abdulkadir Sanli ; Gutachter: Olfa Kanoun, Thomas Fröhlich ; Betreuer: Olfa Kanoun." Chemnitz : Universitätsverlag der Technischen Universität Chemnitz, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1214649904/34.
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Hellman, Hanna. "Data Aggregation in Time Sensitive Multi-Sensor Systems : Study and Implementation of Wheel Data Aggregation for Slip Detection in an Autonomous Vehicle Convoy." Thesis, KTH, Mekatronik, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-217857.
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En övergång till bilar utrustade med avancerade automatiska säkerhetssystem (ADAS) och även utvecklingen mot självkörande fordon innebär ökad trafik på den lokala databussen. Det finns således ett behov av att både minska den faktiska mängden data som överförs, samtidigt som värdet på datat ökas. Data aggregation tillämpas i dagsläget inom områden såsom trådlösasensornätverk och mindre mobila robotar (WMR’s) och skulle kunna vara en del av en lösning. Denna rapport avser undersöka aggregation av sensordata i ett tidskänsligt system. För ett användarfall gällande halka under konvojkörning testas en aggregationsstrategi genom implementation på en fysisk demonstrator. Demonstratorn består av ett autonomt fordon i mindre skala som befinner sig i en konvoj med ett annat identiskt fordon. Resultaten pekar mot att ett viktat medelvärde, som i realtid anpassar sin viktning baserat på specifika sensorers koherens, med fördel kan användas för att estimera fordonshastighet baserat på individuella hjuls sensordata. Därefter kan en slip ratio beräknas, vilket avgör om fordonet befinner sig i ett tillstånd av halka eller ej. Begränsningar för den undersökta strategin inkluderar antalet icke-halkande hjul som behövs för tillförlitliga resultat. Simulerade resultat antyder att extra hastighetsreferenser behövs för tillförlitliga resultat. Relaterat till användarfallet konvojkörning föreslås att andra fordon används som hastighetsreferens. Detta skulle innebära en ökad precision för estimeringen av fordonshastigheten samt utgöra en intressant sammanslagning av områdena samarbetande cyberfysiska system (CO-CPS) och dataaggregation.With an impending shift to more advanced safety systems and driver assistance (ADAS) in the vehicles we drive, and also increased autonomousity, comes increased amounts of data on the internal vehicle data bus. There is a need to lessen the amount of data and at the same time increase its value. Data aggregation, often applied in the field of environmental sensing or small mobile robots (WMR’s), could be a partial solution. This thesis choses to investigate an aggregation strategy applied to a use case regarding slip detection in a vehicle convoy. The approach was implemented in a physical demonstrator in the shape of a small autonomousvehicle convoy to produce quantitative data. The results imply that a weighted adaptive average can be used for vehicle velocity estimation based on the input of four individual wheel velocities. There after a slip ratio can be calculated which is used to decide if slip exists or not. Limitations of the proposed approach is however the number of velocity references that is needed since the results currently apply to one-wheel slipon a four-wheel vehicle. A proposed future direction related to the use case of convoy driving could be to include platooning vehicles as extra velocity references for the vehicles in the convoy, thus increasing the accuracy of the slip detection and merging the areas of CO-CPS and data aggregation.
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Greeff, Wildine Marion. "Ototoxicity Monitoring using Automated Extended High-Frequency Audiometry and the Sensitive Range of Ototoxicity in Patients with MDR-TB." Master's thesis, Faculty of Health Sciences, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/32696.
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Background: Disabling hearing loss is a global burden. This burden is worsened by the emergence of multi-drug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB). Some of the medications used to treat MDR-TB are damaging to the cochlea and auditory nerve (ototoxic) and can lead to permanent hearing loss and/or balance disorders. Ototoxicity monitoring aims to reduce this burden by preventing or minimising the damage caused by ototoxic treatment as it can progress and worsen speech perception difficulties. However, the proposed test battery for ototoxicity monitoring is lengthy and demands active participation which is not ideal for ill patients (such as those on MDR-TB treatment). The Sensitive Range of Ototoxicity (SRO) technique is recommended to shorten the test time. The SRO consists of seven consecutive relatively high frequencies determined from the highest frequency the participant responded to. The SRO technique is time efficient. Although the SRO technique provides the prospect of a shortened test battery, there is still a global lack of audiologists. Automated audiometry is a vital application for testing especially when audiologists are not available to physically do the test. Automated audiometry has been previously validated. Clinically, automated audiometry is objective and allows for standardisation. Even though automated audiometry helps improve access to monitoring more patients, patient preference is an important factor when using automated audiometry to ensure patient-centred care is not compromised. Aims and Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the specificity and sensitivity of the SRO technique with automated audiometry compared to the gold standard (manual audiometry). This comparison was made by firstly, determining the testing time efficiency and the correlation of thresholds obtained with the different test methods and, secondly, testing the diagnostic value of automated audiometry using the SRO technique. The incidence of an ototoxicity-induced hearing loss was described by determining the time interval between starting ototoxic MDR-TB treatment and the onset of a significant threshold shift (STS) according to ASHA's criteria. Lastly, the test method preference of the participants with MDR-TB was described and compared using a short exit survey. Study Design: A prospective repeated-measures study design was used. Participants were chosen based on a risk factor (i.e. exposure to ototoxic medication) for an outcome of interest (i.e. the presence or absence of an STS). With a repeated measures study, multiple tests using different test methods can be compared with the same sample. Participants: Twenty-seven in-patients at Brooklyn Chest Hospital and DP Marais TB Hospital with normal hearing and on MDR-TB medication were included in the study. Their age range was from 19 to 51 years old with an average age of 33 years old. Non-probability convenience sampling was used as it was cost-effective, reduced data collection time and was relatively easy to execute. Data collection materials and procedures: The procedure for data collection included weekly follow-up testing for a maximum of four weeks. The test battery was as follows: an auditory symptom questionnaire, otoscopy examination, and manual and automated audiometry using the SRO technique with a fifteen-minute break in between. Participants were tested with the KUDUwave ™ in a non-sound treated room. The frequency range was determined with the SRO technique. If an STS was obtained, the patient was discharged from the study after completing an exit survey. Statistics: Analysis included descriptive statistics and inferential statistics. A Bonferroni corrected p-value (initially p ≤ 0.05) was used. Manual and automated audiometry thresholds were compared using the Pearson's Correlation Coefficient test. Manual and automated audiometry testing time and threshold means were compared using paired sample's t-tests. The diagnostic value of automated audiometry with the SRO technique was assessed with Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) Curves. Results: Manual audiometry was statistically more time-efficient compared to automated audiometry by an average of one minute and ten seconds (t (94) = -5.44; p< 0.003). There was a strong positive correlation for both left and right ears between the thresholds' obtained from manual and automated audiometry at 8kHz to 16 kHz (df> 28 = r > 0.70, p< 0.003). Automated audiometry was found to be a fair diagnostic test (area under the curve was 0.75; p= 0.002). Also, the ROC curve revealed that automated audiometry had a sensitivity of 61% and specificity of 90% when compared to manual audiometry (gold standard). Only participants that started data collection within 31 days after starting their MDR-TB treatment were included in the analysis of determining the incidence of an ototoxicity-induced hearing loss (n= 24 ears). This study found that 41.67% of ears (n= 10) had an ototoxicity-induced hearing loss. A box and whisker plot revealed that data was skewed to the right (i.e. more variation in data between the median and the maximum values) and that the median number of days for an ototoxicity-induced hearing loss to appear was 33 days. Secondly, 55.55% of participants (n=15 out of 27) reported auditory symptoms before data collection commencement. Aural fullness was the most reported symptom (n= eight out of 15). Ten out of 15 (66.66%) participants that reported auditory symptoms obtained an ototoxicity-induced hearing loss. Lastly, most participants (i.e. 13 out of 19; 68.42%) that completed the exit survey had no preference between manual or automated audiometry. The common rationale among these participants was “No difference noted.” Conclusion: This research study has revealed that manual audiometry was more time-efficient compared to automated audiometry in patients with MDR-TB. Also, automated audiometry was a fair diagnostic test. It may aid in reducing the disproportionate audiologist to patient ratio, especially in a developing country. However, manual audiometry (with the SRO technique) is more clinically appropriate in patients that are difficult-to-test. Secondly, audiometric settings can be changed to accommodate testing frequencies in 1/6 octaves so that the SRO technique can be clinically adopted. An ototoxicity-induced hearing loss seems to appear 33 days after ototoxic MDR-TB treatment commencement. Aural fullness was a commonly reported symptom among participants with MDRTB. Aural fullness is omnipresent in peripheral auditory pathologies. Therefore, auditory symptoms reported by patients' needs a comprehensive audiological investigation. Lastly, more research is needed on how patients (and clinicians) experience the advances in technology innovation especially in audiology where technology innovation is continuously evolving.
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Parkyn, Andrew K. "Multi-sensor platforms for the geophysical evaluation of sensitive archaeological landscapes. Evaluation of and improvement of the MSP40 mobile sensor device for rapid multi-technique and low impact measurements on archaeological sites with vulnerable soil." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/6336.
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Mobile platforms for archaeological purposes have increased in use over the last 20 years with many of the developments coming from Continental Europe. Mobile platform developments have mainly focused on one type of instrumentation, offering multiple sensors, depths of detection or frequencies. This development of mobile platforms has focused on data acquisition rates but has not considered the physical impact on the soil.
The Geoscan Research Mobile Sensor Platform (MSP40) was intended to improve survey efficiency and remain a lightweight system. The platform can collect two earth resistance configurations that show directional variation of the current flow through soil. Additional sensors were integrated on to the square frame of the hand-pulled cart to record simultaneous fluxgate gradiometer data and a microtopographic surveys.
Ground based geophysical investigation will always have a physical impact on a site. The MSP40 is no exception but careful selection of wheel types and the lightweight frame limit the damage compared to many mobile arrays.
The MSP40 has been tested on a number of different soils at various times of the year with encouraging results; however issues with overcoming the contact resistance of electrodes remain. The continuous collection rate and combination of techniques means a slight drop in data quality is inevitable. However the increased data density, multiple-sensors and improved rate of collection offset reductions in data quality.
The research has shown that the MSP40 can perform low impact rapid site assessments on ¿vulnerable¿ sites, whilst maximising the information gained from a single traverse.AHRC, Geoscan Research
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Parkyn, Andrew Keith. "Multi-sensor platforms for the geophysical evaluation of sensitive archaeological landscapes : evaluation of, and improvement of, the MSP40 mobile sensor device for rapid multi-technique and low impact measurements on archaeological sites with vulnerable soil." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/6336.
Full textAbstract:
Mobile platforms for archaeological purposes have increased in use over the last 20 years with many of the developments coming from Continental Europe. Mobile platform developments have mainly focused on one type of instrumentation, offering multiple sensors, depths of detection or frequencies. This development of mobile platforms has focused on data acquisition rates but has not considered the physical impact on the soil. The Geoscan Research Mobile Sensor Platform (MSP40) was intended to improve survey efficiency and remain a lightweight system. The platform can collect two earth resistance configurations that show directional variation of the current flow through soil. Additional sensors were integrated on to the square frame of the hand-pulled cart to record simultaneous fluxgate gradiometer data and a microtopographic surveys. Ground based geophysical investigation will always have a physical impact on a site. The MSP40 is no exception but careful selection of wheel types and the lightweight frame limit the damage compared to many mobile arrays. The MSP40 has been tested on a number of different soils at various times of the year with encouraging results; however issues with overcoming the contact resistance of electrodes remain. The continuous collection rate and combination of techniques means a slight drop in data quality is inevitable. However the increased data density, multiple-sensors and improved rate of collection offset reductions in data quality. The research has shown that the MSP40 can perform low impact rapid site assessments on 'vulnerable' sites, whilst maximising the information gained from a single traverse.
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Wang, Xiaoguang. "Design and Analysis of Techniques for Multiple-Instance Learning in the Presence of Balanced and Skewed Class Distributions." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/32184.
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With the continuous expansion of data availability in many large-scale, complex, and
networked systems, such as surveillance, security, the Internet, and finance, it becomes critical to advance the fundamental understanding of knowledge discovery and analysis from raw data to support decision-making processes. Existing knowledge discovery and data analyzing techniques have shown great success in many real-world applications such as applying Automatic Target Recognition (ATR) methods to detect targets of interest in imagery, drug activity prediction, computer vision recognition, and so on. Among these techniques, Multiple-Instance (MI) learning is different from standard classification since it uses a set of bags containing many instances as input. The instances in each bag are not labeled | instead the bags themselves are labeled. In this area many researchers have accomplished a lot of work and made a lot of progress. However, there still exist some areas which are not covered. In this thesis, we focus on two topics of MI learning: (1) Investigating the relationship between MI learning and other multiple pattern learning
methods, which include multi-view learning, data fusion method and multi-kernel SVM. (2) Dealing with the class imbalance problem of MI learning.
In the first topic, three different learning frameworks will be presented for general MI
learning. The first uses multiple view approaches to deal with MI problem, the second is a data fusion framework, and the third framework, which is an extension of the first framework, uses multiple-kernel SVM. Experimental results show that the approaches presented work well on solving MI problem.
The second topic is concerned with the imbalanced MI problem. Here we investigate
the performance of learning algorithms in the presence of underrepresented data and severe class distribution skews. For this problem, we propose three solution frameworks: a data re-sampling framework, a cost-sensitive boosting framework and an adaptive instance-weighted boosting SVM (with the name IB_SVM) for MI learning. Experimental results - on both benchmark datasets and application datasets - show that the proposed frameworks are proved to be effective solutions for the imbalanced problem of MI learning.
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Heinrich, Anne-Kathrin [Verfasser]. "Overcoming drug resistance by stimulus-sensitive drug delivery systems : a preclinical characterization of polymer-drug conjugates for the treatment of multi-drug resistant cancer / Anne-Kathrin Heinrich." Halle, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1144955262/34.
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Melchert, Christian. "Entwicklung multi-stimuli sensitiver Materialien auf der Basis von flüssigkristallinen Elastomeren." Phd thesis, Universität Potsdam, 2012. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2012/6286/.
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Aufgrund der zunehmenden technischen Ansprüche der Gesellschaft sind sich aktiv bewegende Polymere in den Mittelpunkt aktueller Forschung gerückt. Diese spielen bei Anwen-dungen im Bereich von künstlichen Muskeln und Implantaten für die minimal invasive Chirurgie eine wichtige Rolle. Vor allem Formänderungs- und Formgedächtnispolymere stehen dabei im wissenschaftlichen Fokus. Während die kontaktlose Deformation einer permanenten Form in eine temporäre metastabile Form, charakteristisch für Formände-rungspolymere ist, kann bei Formgedächtnis-Materialien die temporäre Form, aufgrund der Ausbildung reversibler, temporärer Netzpunkte, fixiert werden. Ein Polymermaterial, das eine Kombination beider Funktionen aufweist würde zu einem Material führen welches kontaktlos in eine temporäre Form deformiert und in dieser fixiert werden kann. Zusätzlich würde aufgrund der kontaktlosen Deformation die Reversibilität dieser Funktion gewähr-leistet sein. Ein solches Material ist bislang noch nicht beschrieben worden.
In dieser Arbeit wird untersucht, ob durch die Kopplung zweier separat schaltbarer, be-kannter Funktionen eine neue schaltbare Funktion erzielt werden kann. Daher wurden multi-stimuli sensitive Materialien entwickelt die eine Kopplung des Formänderungs- und des Formgedächtniseffektes aufweisen.
Dazu wurden zwei Konzepte entwickelt, die sich hinsichtlich der Reihenfolge der verwendeten Stimuli unterscheiden. Im ersten Konzept wurden flüssigkristalline Elastomere basie-rend auf Azobenzenderivaten aufgebaut und hinsichtlich der Kombination des licht-induzierten Formänderungseffektes mit dem thermisch-induzierten Formgedächtniseffekt untersucht. Diese orientierten Netzwerke weisen oberhalb der Glasübergangstemperatur (Tg) eine kontaktlose Verformung (Biegung) durch Bestrahlung mit UV-Licht des geeigneten Wellenlängenbereichs auf, wodurch eine temporäre Form erhalten wurde. Hierbei spielt der Vernetzungsgrad eine entscheidende Rolle bezüglich der Ausprägung dieser Biegung. Eine fixierte, temporäre Form konnte durch gleichzeitiges Abkühlen des Materials unterhalb von Tg während der Bestrahlung mit UV-Licht erhalten werden. Nach erneutem Aufheizen über Tg konnte die Originalform wiederhergestellt werden. Dieser Vorgang konnte reversibel durchgeführt werden. Damit wurde gezeigt, dass eine neue schaltbare Funktion erzielt wurde, die auf der Kopplung des lichtinduzierten Formänderungs- mit dem thermisch-induzierten Formgedächtniseffekt basiert. Die Abstimmung der einzelnen Funktion wird in diesem Konzept über die Morphologie des Systems gewährleistet. Diese neue Funktion ermöglicht eine kontaktlose Deformation des Materials in eine temporäre Form, welche fixiert werden kann.
Im zweiten Konzept wurde eine Kopplung des thermisch induzierten Formänderungs- mit dem licht-induzierten Formgedächtniseffekt angestrebt. Um dies zu realisieren wurden nematisch, flüssigkristalline Hauptkettenelastomere (NMC-LCE) entwickelt, die eine nied-rige Übergangstemperatur der nematischen in die isotrope Phase (TNI), als auch einen aus-geprägten thermisch induzierten Formänderungseffekt aufweisen. Zusätzlich wurde eine photosensitive Schicht aufgebaut, die Cinnamylidenessigsäuregruppen in der Seitenkette eines Polysiloxanrückgrates aufweist. Die Reversibilität der photoinduzierten [2+2]-Cycloaddition konnte für dieses photosensitive Polymer beobachtet werden, wodurch die-ses Polymersystem in der Lage ist reversible temporäre Netzpunkte, aufgrund der Bestrah-lung mit UV-Licht, auszubilden. Die kovalente Anbindung der photosensitiven Schicht an die Oberfläche des flüssigkristallinen Kerns wurde erfolgreich durchgeführt, wodurch ein Multi-Komponenten-System aufgebaut wurde. Die Kombination des thermisch-induzierten Formänderungs- mit dem licht-induzierten Formgedächtniseffektes wurde anhand dieses Systems untersucht. Während die Einzelkomponenten die erforderliche Funktion zeigten, ist hier noch Arbeit in der Abstimmung beider Strukturen zu leisten. Insbesondere die Variation der Schichtdicken beider Komponenten steht im Fokus zukünftiger Arbeiten.
In dieser Arbeit wurde durch die Kopplung von zwei separat schaltbaren, bekannten Funktionen eine neue schaltbare Funktion erzielt. Dies setzt voraus, dass die Einzelkomponenten hinsichtlich einer Funktion schaltbar sind und in einem Material integriert werden können. Des Weiteren müssen die beiden Funktionen mit unterschiedlichen Stimuli geschaltet werden. Ein wichtiger Schritt bei der Kopplung der Funktionen, ist die Abstimmung der beiden Komponenten. Dies kann über die Variation der Morphologie oder der Struktur erzielt werden. Anhand der Vielzahl der vorhandenen stimuli-sensitiven Materialien sind verschiedene Kopplungsmöglichkeiten vorhanden. Demnach wird erwartet, dass auf diesem Gebiet weitere neue Funktionen erzielt werden können.Actively moving polymers are high scientific significance due to their ability to move actively in response to an external stimulus. Most notably shape-change and shape-memory polymers are in the focus of current research. Shape-changing polymers exhibit a non-contact deformation from a permanent into a temporary shape, which is just stable as long the material is exposed to an external stimulus. In contrast shape-memory polymers are capable of a fixed temporary shape due to the formation of additional temporary netpoints, while the deformation is proceed by applying mechanical stress. A polymeric material, which combines both functions would result into a material that possesses the advantages of the shape-change, as well as the shape-memory effect. In this work, the coupling of two known functions is investigated which results into a new switchable function. Therefore, two different concepts were developed requiring different material structures. For the first concept monodomain, smectic liquid-crystalline elastomers (LCE) containing azobenzene moieties were prepared and the coupling of the light-induced shape-change with the thermally-induced shape-memory effect was investigated. These oriented LCE's exhibit a non-contact deformation into a temporary shape, above the glass transition temperature (Tg), due to the irradiation with UV-light. The temporary shape could be fixed by cooling the material below Tg, while the irradiation with light was kept constant. The permanent shape could be recovered by additional heating above Tg. This process could be repeated several times. Therefore, a new switchable function was developed, which based on the coupling of the light-induced shape-change with the thermally induced shape-memory effect. The second concept required a multi-component system and the coupling of the thermally-induced shape-memory withe the light-induced shape-change effect was investigated. The multi component system consists of a LCE-core and a photosensitive layer. Nematic, main-chain elastomers were prepared, which possess of low transition temperatures and high actuation performances. The photosensitive layer consists of cinnamylidene acetic moieties, that were attached to a siloxane backbone, while the photoreversibility of the light-induced [2+2]-cycloaddition was shown. Furthermore, the photosensitive layer was covalently attached to the surface of the LCE-core. While both components showed their functionality, the coupling of the thermally-induced shape-change with the light-induced shape-memory effect was not successful up to now. The Adjustment of both components on each other has to be improved. Mainly the variation of the layer thickness of both structural components should be in the focus of future work.
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Peter, Emanuel Verfasser], Stephan [Akademischer Betreuer] Bäurle, Bernhard [Akademischer Betreuer] [Dick, and Friederike [Akademischer Betreuer] Schmid. "Development and application of new computer simulation techniques to describe the multi-scale relaxation dynamics of light-sensitive protein systems / Emanuel Peter. Betreuer: Stephan Bäurle ; Bernhard Dick ; Friederike Schmid." Regensburg : Universitätsbibliothek Regensburg, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1037020731/34.
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Corten, Cathrin Carolin. "Synthese und Charakterisierung dünner Hydrogelschichten mit modulierbaren Eigenschaften." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2008. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-ds-1209463829168-95283.
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Im Mittelpunkt dieser Arbeit stand die Darstellung sensitiver Blockcopolymere und deren Gele, die als Ausgangsmaterialien in Sensor- und Aktorsystemen einsetzbar sind. Die Vereinigung verschiedener Ansprechparameter stellt erhöhte Anforderung an die Synthese. Geringe Ansprechzeiten lassen sich mit einer Gelgröße im µm-Bereich erreichen. Hydrogele dieser Größenordnungen können durch nachträgliche Vernetzung funktioneller linearer Polymere ermöglicht werden. Die Makroinitiatormethode ermöglichte den Aufbau verschiedener linearer photovernetzbarer Blockcopolymere. Zum Einen wurde das temperatursensitive P(n-BuAc)-block-P(PNIPAAm-co-DMIAAm) erhalten, des Weiteren gelang die Darstellung der multi-sensitiven Blockcopolymere P2VP-block-P(NIPAAm-co-DMIAAm) und P4VP-block-P(NIPAAm-co-DMIAAm). Die Blockcopolymere wurden mit variierenden Blocklängen und Verhältnissen sowie mit unterschiedlichem Vernetzergehalt dargestellt. Die Charakterisierung der Blockcopolymere erfolgte mittels 1H-NMR-Spektroskopie, GPC-Messungen (Zusammensetzung) und DSC-Messungen (thermische Eigenschaften). Das Löslichkeitsverhalten in wässrigen Medien wurde durch Dynamische Lichtstreuung bestimmt. Die Beschreibung des Quellverhaltens der vernetzten Schichten erfolgte durch vornehmlich durch optische Methoden (SPR/OWS, WAMS, Ellipsometrie). Die Veränderung des E-Moduls in Abhängigkeit äußerer Parameter konnte mittels AFM untersucht werden. Die Reaktion der Schichten wurde gegenüber Temperatur, pH-Wert und Salzkonzentrationen getestet. Die charakterisierten Filme konnten im Anschluss als sensitive Schichten in piezoresistiven Sensorsystemen verwendetet werden.
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Jendis, Michael. "Digitale Landwirtschaft und das User-Interface: eine Herstellersicht." Thelem Universitätsverlag & Buchhandlung GmbH & Co. KG, 2021. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A75855.
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Aufgrund der stetig wachsenden Weltbevölkerung bei gleichzeitig sinkenden Agrarressourcen ist die Automatisierung auf dem Feld notwendig. Die dafür erforderlichen Maschinen, Technologien und Datenströme sind im entstehen und z. T. verfügbar. Jedoch ist die Automatisierung auf dem Feld im Vergleich zur Fabrikautomation zusätzlichen Störgrößen ausgesetzt, die eine permanent verfügbare Eingriffsressource notwendig machen. Der Autor postuliert die Entstehung von Maschinen Teams, die von einem besetzten Schlepper geführt werden. Durch die Führung der zusätzlichen Automaten, in deren Programmablauf eingegriffen werden muss, wird die Komplexität der Mensch-Maschine Schnittstelle zunehmen. Hier ist aber schon eine Grenze erreicht, sodaß zusätzliche Bedienelemente oder weitere Displays keine Lösung darstellen. Als Lösung werden hier Elemente aufgezeigt, die Flexibilität in der Bedienung und in der Darstellung optimieren und so zu einem permanenten Wechsel in puncto Maschinenbedienung fähig sind. An einem realisierten Prototyp werden Technologien und Funktionsumfänge deutlich gemacht.
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Piveteau, Denis. "Théorie et application des cycles de phases en R. M. N. Multi-impulsionnelle : leur application à l’étude de macro-molécules en solution." Paris 11, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA112121.
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On présente un formalisme qui permet, entre autres, une écriture rapide du "programme de phase" d'une séquence d'impulsions en RMN. Il restitue celui-ci dans l'optique d'un tri de certaines composantes de la matrice densité, à chaque étape de la séquence, en fonction du nombre quantique qui caractérise leur interaction avec le champ statique. On envisage d'abord les différents sens du terme de "phase" en RMN, et le concept unique de "changement de référentiel" qu'ils recouvrent. On présente ensuite le concept d'"impulsion en vis", qui traite comme un tout une impulsion et son programme de phase. Cela permet aussi de choisir, pour les expériences à deux dimensions (RMN-2D), le type de modulation, de phase ou d'amplitude, en dimension 1. L'étude de la déformation induite par la chélation de la drogue platinée "cis-DDP" sur la paire "G-G" de l'hexadéoxynucléotide "d-TGGCCA" sert d'exemple-type d'étude conformationnelle qui intègre les concepts introduits. On présente en appendice un programme qui simule le comportement d'un système AX lors de séquences d'impulsionsA new general formalism is presented for generation of the "phase programs” for any NMR multipulse sequence. The method is based on the principle that such programs perform a sorting of density matrix components at each step of the sequence, depending on the quantum number which describes their interaction with the static magnetic field. After a critical review of the concept of "phase" in NMR, the "screw-pulse" concept is presented. This method handles the pulse and its phase program as a whole. An application of this concept is shown to be the selection of phase or amplitude modulation in the t₁ dimension of a 2D-experiment. Next, the study of the cis-DDP induced distortions of an hexadeoxynucleotide, "d-TGGCCA", by chelation of the drug to the "G-G" pair, serves as a typical example of a modern conformational study, involving all previously introduced NMR concepts. Finally, an NMR simulation program is presented, which calculates the response of an AX spin system to any 1D or 2D pulse experiment
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Bayliss, Julian Luke. "Use of GIS, geostatistics, and multilevel modelling for biodiversity action planning : the use of habitat association models for multi-species habitat conservation in the Upper Thames Tributaries Environmentally Sensitive Area." Thesis, Oxford Brookes University, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.251377.
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Bauer, Debra Ann. "A Magnet System Implementation of the Hester Davis Fall Reduction Program." ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/7272.
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A Magnet-recognized academic hospital system experienced an increase in patient falls and patient falls with injury after transitioning to a new electronic health record. The purpose of the project was to evaluate the effectiveness of a system-wide quality improvement practice change. The practice-focused question addressed a Magnet model implementation of a standardized, system-wide, evidence-based Hester Davis Scale (HDS) fall risk assessment and intervention tool and the impact on the nursing-sensitive indicators of patient fall rates and fall rates with injury. Successful implementation and sustained, correct use of the HDS fall risk assessment and targeted fall-prevention-intervention tools added to the evidence of multifactorial fall-intervention-prevention strategies designed to reduce patient falls and patient injury associated with falls. Two models were used to inform the project: the American Nurses Credentialing Center next-generation Magnet model and the Institute for Healthcare Improvement framework for spread. The primary source of evidence was the National Database of Nursing Quality Indicators. A run chart approach to process improvement was determined to be the best method to assess the effectiveness of the HDS Falls Prevention Program for 28 months post implementation. The run chart for patient fall rates and fall with injury rates demonstrated a reduction in falls and sustained improvement over 28 months. The decreases in falls and fall with injury rates of this project have implications for positive social change. Magnet recognition supports the implementation of the evidence-based HDS Fall Reduction Program, thereby improving the quality of life for patients and families and reducing the burden and cost of health care associated with falls.
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Bracikowski, Nicolas. "Modélisation multi-physique par modèles à constantes localisées ; application à une machine synchrone à aimants permanents en vue de son dimensionnement." Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale de Lille, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00905641.
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Afin de définir une conception optimale d'un système électromécanique, celui-ci doit intégrer des contraintes toujours plus drastiques et de nombreux phénomènes physiques issus de : l'électromagnétique, l'aérothermique, l'électronique, la mécanique et l'acoustique. L'originalité de cette thèse est de proposer une modélisation multi-physique pour la conception reposant sur des modèles à constantes localisées : solution intermédiaire entre la modélisation analytique et numérique. Ces différents modèles permettront l'étude et la conception sous contraintes d'une machine synchrone à aimants permanents dédiée pour la traction ferroviaire. Les résultats de simulations seront comparés à des résultats éléments finis mais aussi à des essais expérimentaux. Ce modèle multi-physique est entièrement paramétré afin d'être associé à des outils d'optimisation. On utilisera ici une optimisation par essaim de particules pour chercher des compromis entre différents objectifs sous forme de Front de Pareto. Dans ce papier, nous ciblerons les objectifs suivants : le couple d'origine électromagnétique et le bruit d'origine électromagnétique. Finalement une étude de sensibilité valide la robustesse de la conception retenue quand celle-ci est soumise aux contraintes de fabrication. L'objectif étant de poser les bases d'un outil d'aide à la décision pour le choix d'une machine électrique
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Harmon, Mary P. "Disentangling Individual and Community Effects on Environmentally Sensitive Behaviors." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2009. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/sociology_diss/48.
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A major criticism of the environmental behavior literature is the nearly exclusive focus on the role of attitudes and individual-level characteristics. Despite this concentration on individual-level causes, variation in environmental behavior remains. As individual behavior becomes an increasingly significant source of pollution, a better understanding of the influences individual behavior is critical to addressing environmental degradation. This research re-directs the focus on individual-level influences on environmental behaviors by building models examining the varying dimensions of environmental behaviors as influenced by community characteristics. This is accomplished by testing a series of hypotheses under the auspices of two theoretical frameworks: the neoclassical economic theory and a social contextual model of environmental actions. Using individual-level data from the 1993 and 2000 General Social Survey and MSA data from the U.S. Census and the Environmental Protection Agency, I estimate two-level hierarchical models for three environmentally sensitive behaviors (environmentally sensitive food consumption, environmentally sensitive automobile use, and environmental activism). Multi-level analyses yield models revealing significant associations between MSA measures and individual environmental behaviors. Objective environmental conditions, region of MSA and MSA education level are significantly associated with environmentally sensitive food consumption behaviors, environmentally sensitive automobile use, and environmental activism behaviors, though their influence assumes diverse forms. Among the community measures, MSA education level is the primary social process that produces change in all environmental behaviors. In each of the models, MSA education level exhibits effects on all three behavioral measures and significant cross-level effects on automobile use behaviors. Living in a well educated MSA, particularly in the West or Northeast suggests higher environmental participation. Region of MSA is also a characteristic that must be considered when evaluating environmental behaviors, particularly for those living in the West and Northeast. Theoretical conclusions suggest that individual environmental behavior decision making is not simply a market exchange, but social forces are at work in the individual decision-making process.
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Marchant, Maïté. "Modélisation multi-échelles des systèmes nanophotoniques à base de matériaux intelligents." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014CLF22449.
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Beaucoup d’applications en ingénierie demandent l’utilisation de matériaux intelligents qui peuvent se déformer en réponse à un stimulus extérieur. C’est dans ce contexte, que s’est posé ce projet de recherche. Bénéficiant d’un environnement pluridisciplinaire, grâce à l’association de deux axes de l'Institut Pascal : l’axe MMS (Mécanique, Matériaux et Structures) et l’axe PHOTON (Axe Photonique, Ondes, Nanomatériaux), cette thèse s’intègre parfaitement dans l’action transversale "Matériaux et Modélisations multi-échelles" du laboratoire. La première partie de ce travail s'appuie sur un système expérimental mis au point par une équipe américaine [Chang_10] qui permet la mesure sans contact du pH d'une solution en exploitant les caractéristiques photoniques du système. Ce système est composé d'un réseau d'hydrogel fixé sur un substrat rigide. Un modèle numérique est développé dans le but de simuler le fonctionnement de l'ensemble et d'optimiser le réseau d'hydrogel en vue d'applications dans le domaine médical. La seconde partie de ce travail concerne le développement d'une théorie sur le comportement mécanique de polymères sensibles à la lumière. L'objectif est d'établir une relation liant la déformation du matériau à l’intensité lumineuse. Les résultats obtenus sont comparés avec les résultats expérimentaux issus de la littérature. L'influence des interactions entre les molécules d'azobenzènes sur la déformation du matériau est étudiéeMany engineering applications involve stimuli-responsive materials that can change their shape under the action of an external stimulus. It is in this context that this project takes place. Thanks to a multidisciplinary environment with the association of two lines of research of the Institut Pascal: the Mechanical area (Mechanic, Materials and structure) and the Photonic area (Nanostructures and Nanophotonics), this PhD perfectly fits with the “Materials and multi-scale Modeling” transversal action of the laboratory. The first part of this work relies on an experimental system developed by an American team [Chang_10] which allows to measure the pH of a solution without contact, making use of its photonic characteristics. This system is composed of a hydrogel network fixed on a rigid substract. A numerical model is developed in order to simulate its behavior and optimize the hydrogel network with a view to applications in the medical domain. The second part of this PhD is related to the development of a theory on the mechanical behavior of photo-sensitive polymers. The aim is to establish a link between the material deformation and the light intensity. The obtained results are compared to experimental ones from literature. The interaction influence of the azobenzenes molecules on the material strain is studied
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Natsui, Gregory. "Surface Measurements and Predictions of Full-Coverage Film Cooling." Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2012. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/5351.
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Full-coverage film cooling is investigated both experimentally and numerically. First,surface measurements local of adiabatic film cooling effectiveness and heat transfer augmentation for four different arrays are described. Reported next is a comparison between two very common turbulence models, Realizable k-epsilon and SST k-omega, and their ability to predict local film cooling effectiveness throughout a full-coverage array. The objective of the experimental study is the quantification of local heat transferaugmentation and adiabatic film cooling effectiveness for four surfaces cooled by large, both in hole count and in non-dimensional spacing, arrays of film cooling holes. The four arrays are of two different hole-to-hole spacings (P=D = X=D = 14.5; 19.8) and two different hole inclination angles (alpha = 30°; 45°), with cylindrical holes compounded relative to the flow(beta = 45°) and arranged in a staggered configuration. Arrays of up to 30 rows are tested so that the superposition effect of the coolant film can be studied. In addition, shortened arrays of up to 20 rows of coolant holes are also tested so that the decay of the coolant film following injection can be studied. Levels of laterally averaged effectiveness reach values as high as η = 0.5, and are not yet at the asymptotic limit even after 20 - 30 rows of injection for all cases studied. Levels of heat transfer augmentation asymptotically approach values of h=h0 ≈ 1.35 rather quickly, only after 10 rows. It is conjectured that the heat transfer augmentation levels off very quickly due to the boundary layer reaching an equilibrium in which the perturbation from additional film rows has reached a balance with the damping effect resulting from viscosity. The levels of laterally averaged adiabatic film cooling effectiveness far exceeding eta = 0.5 are much higher than expected.
The heat transfer augmentation levels off quickly as opposed to the film effectiveness which continues to rise (although asymptotically) at large row numbers. This ensures that an increased row count represents coolant well spent. The numerical predictions are carried out in order to test the ability of the two most common turbulence models to properly predict full-coverage film cooling. The two models chosen, Realizable k-epsilon (RKE) and Shear Stress Transport k-omega (SSTKW), are both two-equation models coupled with Reynolds Averaged governing equations which makeseveral gross physical assumptions and require several empirical values. Hence, the models are not expected to provide perfect results. However, very good average values are seen tobe obtained through these simple models. Using RKE in order to model full-coverage film cooling will yield results with 30% less error than selecting SSTKW.M.S.A.E.
Masters
Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering
Engineering and Computer Science
Aerospace Engineering; Thermofluid Aerodynamic Systems
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Armand, Decker Stéphanie. "Développement d’une méthode d’optimisation multiobjectif pour la construction bois : prise en compte du confort des usagers, de l’impact environnemental et de la sécurité de l’ouvrage." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BORD0189/document.
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Les pays industrialisés cherchent aujourd’hui à réduire leur consommation d'énergie et à utiliser des matières premières de substitution, notamment renouvelables dont le bois fait partie. Pour promouvoir son usage, le développement de méthodes favorisant son recours dans les systèmes constructifs pour la construction multiétage est nécessaire.La conception d’un bâtiment est multicritère. Des objectifs contradictoires sont à optimiser simultanément. Des solutions de compromis Pareto-optimaux sont par exemple recherchées entre l’atteinte des meilleures performances d’usage et la limitation de l’impact environnemental du bâtiment. Ces travaux portent ainsi sur le développement d’une méthode d’optimisation multiobjectif de systèmes constructifs bois adaptés au multiétage.Des objectifs de maximisation du confort vibratoire des planchers et de minimisation des besoins de chauffage, d’inconfort thermique, de potentiel de réchauffement climatique et d’énergie grise sont pris en compte. La méthode repose sur un algorithme d’optimisation multiobjectif par essaim particulaire capable de proposer un ensemble de solutions non-dominées constituant le front de Pareto. L’espace des solutions est contraint par des exigences réglementaires nécessaires à la sécurité de l’ouvrage. L’ensemble des fonctions-objectif est modélisé sous forme de fonctions analytiques. Les sorties d’intérêt du modèle de simulation thermique dynamique sont substituées par des métamodèles.La méthode développée est mise en oeuvre sur un cas d’étude. Les résultats obtenus offrent une grande diversité dans un panel de 20 000 solutions optimales. Ces résultats constituent un support de discussion entre les différents acteurs d’un projet de constructionIndustrialised countries are seeking to reduce their energy consumption and to use alternative raw materials, including renewables such as wood. To promote its use, multi-storey timber constructive systems need the development of new design methods.Building required a multicriteria design where conflicting objectives must be optimised simultaneously. Research solutions have to achieve the best Pareto-compromise between use performance and environmental impact of the building. This work aims to develop a multiobjective optimisation method of timber multi-storey building.The objectives of maximising floor vibration comfort and minimising heating needs, thermal discomfort, global warming potential and embodied energy are taken into account. A multi-objective particle swarm optimization algorithm is used to obtain a set of non-dominated solutions which is the Pareto front. The solution space is constrained by regulatory requirements necessary for the safety of the structure. All objective-functions are modelled as analytic functions. Dynamic thermal simulation model outputs are replaced by metamodels.The developed method is implemented on a case study. The results offer a great diversity in a panel of 20 000 optimal solutions. These results provide a basis for discussion between the different actors of a construction project
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Caporino, Nicole. "The acceptability of treatments for adolescent depression to a multi-ethnic sample of girls." [Tampa, Fla] : University of South Florida, 2008. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0002702.
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Khan, Ikram Ullah. "Microfluidic-assisted synthesis and release properties of multi-domain polymer microparticles drug carriers." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014STRAF042/document.
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Les caractéristiques et les propriétés de libération de microparticules chargées de médicament dépendent de la nature des matériaux employés, des propriétés physicochimiques des microparticules, du choix de la méthode de production, et enfin des propriétés des molécules encapsulées. A l'inverse de la plupart des méthodes conventionnelles, les méthodes microfluidiques présentent l’avantage de bien mieux contrôler la génération de gouttelettes, leur taille et leur distribution de tailles. Ainsi des dispositifs microfluidiques à base de capillaires ont été développés pour obtenir des microbilles de polymère mais également des microparticules de type janus, coeur-écorce ou troyenne, toutes monodisperses en taille et chargées de médicament(s). Ces particules ont été produites à partir de solutions de monomère qui furent polymérisées par irradiations UV de telle sorte à garder intacte l'activité des molécules chargées. Ces dispositifs peuvent être assemblés dans un court laps de temps et un simple changement dans leur conception permet d’obtenir des morphologies de particules très différentes. Ces particules ont été développées dans le but de résoudre les problèmes rencontrés dans l’administration orale de médicaments. Par exemple les microbilles peuvent être utilisées pour délivrer des anti-inflammatoires non stéroïdiens de manière continue tandis que les particules Janus peuvent libérer, simultanément et sur le même site, deux principes actifs possédant des propriétés complètement différentes (solubilité, compatibilité) également de manière prolongée. Quant aux particules coeur-écorce, elles ont été conçues pour cibler la région du côlon de l'intestin humain, et y libérer simultanément deux médicaments. Les particules troyennes furent synthétisées à l’aide d’un procédé microfluidique semi-continu qui a permis une manipulation plus sécurisée des nanoparticules vectrices ainsi que la libération continue d’un médicament dans un liquide gastrique simulé. Chaque système a été entièrement caractérisé pour assurer l’invariance entre lots et la reproductibilité. En général, la libération des ingrédients actifs a pu être facilement contrôlée/ajustée par le réglage des paramètres opératoires et de matériaux tels que les débits des différentes phases, la nature et la concentration du médicament, des (co)monomères, des agents tensioactif et de réticulation, le pH du milieu de libération. Ces différents paramètres influencent les propriétés des microparticules telles que leur morphologie, forme, taille et densité de réticulation du réseau polymèreCharacteristics and release properties of drug loaded microparticles depend upon material used and choice of production method. Conversely to most of the conventional ones, microfluidic methods give an edge by improving the control over droplet generation, size and size distribution. Capillary-based microfluidic devices were successfully used to obtain monodisperse drug(s) loaded microbeads, janus, core-shell and trojan particles using UV initiated free radical polymerization while keeping activity of active loaded molecules. These devices can be assembled in a short period of time and a slight change in design gives completely different microparticles morphologies. These particles were developed with the aim to address different issues experienced in oral drug delivery. For instance microbeads can be used to deliver NASIDs in a sustained release manner while janus particles can release two APIs with completely different properties (solubility, compatibility) also in a sustained release manner. Core-shell particles were designed to target colonic region of human intestine for dual drug delivery. Trojan particles were synthesized in a new semi-continuous microfluidic process, thus improving nanoparticles safety handling and release in simulated gastric fluid. Each system was fully characterized to insure batch to batch consistency and reproducibility. In general, the release of active ingredients was controlled by tuning the operating and material parameters like phases flow rates, nature and concentration of drug, (co)monomers, surfactant and crosslinker, pH of release media with the result of different particle morphologies, sizes and shapes or matrix crosslinking density
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Lo, Hung-Yi, and 駱宏毅. "Cost-Sensitive Multi-Label Classification with Applications." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/61015886145358618517.
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博士國立臺灣大學
資訊工程學研究所
101
We study a generalization of the traditional multi-label classification, which we refer to as cost-sensitive multi-label classification (CSML). In this problem, the misclassification cost can be different for each instance-label pair. For solving the problem, we propose two novel and general strategies based on the problem transformation technique. The proposed strategies transform the CSML problem to several cost-sensitive single-label classification problems. In addition, we propose a basis expansion model for CSML, which we call the Generalized k-Labelsets Ensemble (GLE). In the basis expansion model, a basis function is a label powerset classifier trained on a random k-labelset. The expansion coefficients are learned by minimizing the cost-weighted global error between the prediction and the ground truth. GLE can also be used for traditional multi-label classification. Experimental results on both multi-label classification and cost-sensitive multi-label classification demonstrate that our method has better performance than other methods. Cost-sensitive classification is based on the assumption that the cost is given according to the application. “Where does cost come from?” is an important practical issue. We study two real-world prediction tasks and link their data distribution to the cost information. The two tasks are medical image classification and social tag prediction. In medical image classification, we observe a patient-imbalanced phenomenon that has seriously hurt the generalization ability of the image classifier. We design several patient-balanced learning algorithms based on cost-sensitive binary classification. The success of our patient-balanced learning methods has been proved by winning KDD Cup 2008. For social tag prediction, we propose to treat the tag counts as the mis-classification costs and model the social tagging problem as a cost-sensitive multi-label classification problem. The experimental results in audio tag annotation and retrieval demonstrate that the CSML approaches outperform our winning method in Music Information Retrieval Evaluation eXchange (MIREX) 2009 in terms of both cost-sensitive and cost-less evaluation metrics. The results on social bookmark prediction also demonstrate that our proposed method has better performance than other methods.
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Huang, Kuan-Hao, and 黃冠豪. "Cost-sensitive Label Embedding for Multi-label Classification." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/05626650270566576330.
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碩士國立臺灣大學
資訊工程學研究所
104
Label embedding (LE) is an important family of multi-label classification algorithms that digest the label information jointly for better performance. Different real-world applications evaluate performance by different cost functions of interest. Current LE algorithms often aim to optimize one specific cost function, but they can suffer from bad performance with respect to other cost functions. In this paper, we resolve the performance issue by proposing a novel cost-sensitive LE algorithm that takes the cost function of interest into account. The proposed algorithm, cost-sensitive label embedding with multidimensional scaling (CLEMS), approximates the cost information with the distances of the embedded vectors using the classic multidimensional scaling approach for manifold learning. CLEMS is able to deal with both symmetric and asymmetric cost functions, and effectively makes cost-sensitive decisions by nearest-neighbor decoding within the embedded vectors. Theoretical results justify that CLEMS achieves the cost-sensitivity and extensive experimental results demonstrate that CLEMS is significantly better than a wide spectrum of existing LE algorithms and state-of-the-art cost-sensitive algorithms across different cost functions.
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Tu, Han-Hsing, and 涂漢興. "Regression approaches for multi-class cost-sensitive classification." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/79841686006299558588.
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碩士國立臺灣大學
資訊工程學研究所
97
Cost-sensitive classification is an important research problem in recent years. It allows machine learning algorithms to use the additional cost information to make more strategic decisions. Studies on binary cost-sensitive classification have led to promising results in theories, algorithms, and applications. The multi-class counterpart is also needed in many real-world applications, but is more difficult to analyze. This thesis focuses on multi-class cost-sensitive classification. Existing methods for multi-class cost-sensitive classification usually transform the cost information into example importance (weight). This thesis offers a different viewpoint of the problem, and proposes a novel method. We directly estimate the cost value corresponding to each prediction using regression, and outputs the label that comes with the smallest estimated cost. We improve the method by analyzing the errors made during the decision. Then, we propose a different regression loss function that tightly connects with the errors. The new loss function leads to a solid theoretical guarantee of error transformation. We design a concrete algorithm for the loss function with the support vector machines. The algorithm can be viewed as a theoretically justified extension the popular one-versus-all support vector machine. Experiments using real-world data sets with arbitrary cost values demonstrate the usefulness of our proposed methods, and validate that the cost information should be appropriately used instead of dropped.
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Chu, Hong-Min, and 朱鴻敏. "Dynamic Principal Projectionfor Cost-sensitive Online Multi-label Classification." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/h8qfu5.
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碩士國立臺灣大學
資訊工程學研究所
105
We study multi-label classification (MLC) with three important real-world issues: online updating, label space dimensional reduction (LSDR), and cost-sensitivity. Current MLC algorithms have not been designed to address these three issues simultaneously. In this paper, we propose a novel algorithm, cost- sensitive dynamic principal projection (CS-DPP) that resolves all three issues. The foundation of CS-DPP is a framework that extends a leading LSDR algorithm to online updating with online principal component analysis (PCA). In particular, CS-DPP investigates the use of matrix stochastic gradient as the on- line PCA solver, and establishes its theoretical backbone when coupled with a carefully-designed online regression learner. In addition, CS-DPP embeds the cost information into label weights to achieve cost-sensitivity along with theoretical guarantees. Practical enhancements of CS-DPP are also studied to improve its efficiency. Experimental results verify that CS-DPP achieves better practical performance than current MLC algorithms across different evaluation criteria, and demonstrate the importance of resolving the three issues simultaneously.
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Li, Chun-Liang, and 李俊良. "Condensed Filter Tree For Cost Sensitive Multi-Label Classification." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/42380891805580530943.
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碩士國立臺灣大學
資訊工程學研究所
101
Many real-world applications call for better multi-label classification algorithms in recent years and different applications often need considering different evaluation criteria. We formalize this need with a general setup, cost-sensitive multi-label classification (CSMLC), which takes the evaluation criteria into account during the learning process. Nevertheless, most existed algorithms can only focus on optimizing a few specific evaluation criteria, and cannot systematically deal with different criteria. In this paper, we propose a novel algorithm, called condensed filter tree (CFT), for optimizing any criteria in CSMLC. CFT is derived from reducing CSMLC to the famous filter tree algorithm for cost-sensitive multi- class classification via the simple label powerset approach. We successfully cope with the difficulty of having exponentially many extend-classes within the powerset for representation, training and prediction by carefully designing the tree structure and focusing on the key nodes. Experimental results across many real-world datasets validate that the pro- posed CFT algorithm results in the better performance for many general evaluation criteria when compared with existing special- purpose algorithms.