Academic literature on the topic 'Multi-steps questions'
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Journal articles on the topic "Multi-steps questions"
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Geva, Mor, Daniel Khashabi, Elad Segal, Tushar Khot, Dan Roth, and Jonathan Berant. "Did Aristotle Use a Laptop? A Question Answering Benchmark with Implicit Reasoning Strategies." Transactions of the Association for Computational Linguistics 9 (2021): 346–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/tacl_a_00370.
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Abstract A key limitation in current datasets for multi-hop reasoning is that the required steps for answering the question are mentioned in it explicitly. In this work, we introduce StrategyQA, a question answering (QA) benchmark where the required reasoning steps are implicit in the question, and should be inferred using a strategy. A fundamental challenge in this setup is how to elicit such creative questions from crowdsourcing workers, while covering a broad range of potential strategies. We propose a data collection procedure that combines term-based priming to inspire annotators, careful control over the annotator population, and adversarial filtering for eliminating reasoning shortcuts. Moreover, we annotate each question with (1) a decomposition into reasoning steps for answering it, and (2) Wikipedia paragraphs that contain the answers to each step. Overall, StrategyQA includes 2,780 examples, each consisting of a strategy question, its decomposition, and evidence paragraphs. Analysis shows that questions in StrategyQA are short, topic-diverse, and cover a wide range of strategies. Empirically, we show that humans perform well (87%) on this task, while our best baseline reaches an accuracy of ∼ 66%.
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Forshaw, Mark, David Tod, and Martin Eubank. "Conducting a systematic review: Demystification for trainees in health psychology." Health Psychology Update 27, no. 2 (2018): 24–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.53841/bpshpu.2018.27.2.24.
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The purpose of this article is to define and detail the steps in conducting systematic reviews for trainees and supervisors. We also offer suggestions garnered from our experiences reading, conducting, publishing, and reviewing such manuscripts. Steps include developing specific questions and inclusion/exclusion criteria, undertaking a multi-strategy literature search, implementing replicable data extraction methods, assessing study quality, and employing transparent procedures for synthesising and presenting results. Suggestions include developing a proposal and having it critiqued, allowing sufficient time to conduct a review, keeping meticulous records, and adhering to established procedures.
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Tod, David, and Martin Eubank. "Conducting a systematic review: Demystification for trainees in sport and exercise psychology." Sport & Exercise Psychology Review 13, no. 1 (March 2017): 65–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.53841/bpssepr.2017.13.1.65.
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The purpose of this article is to define and detail the steps in conducting systematic reviews for trainees and supervisors. We also offer suggestions garnered from our experiences reading, conducting, publishing, and reviewing such manuscripts. Steps include: developing specific questions and inclusion/exclusion criteria; undertaking a multi-strategy literature search; implementing replicable data extraction methods; assessing study quality; and employing transparent procedures for synthesising and presenting results. Suggestions include: developing a proposal and having it reviewed; allowing sufficient time to conduct a review; keeping meticulous records; and adhering to established procedures.
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Nugraha, Muhammad Adi, Desi Arisandi, and Novario Jaya Perdana. "PENGAMANAN WEBSITE E-COMMERCE MENGGUNAKAN MULTI-FACTOR AUTHENTICATION." Jurnal Ilmu Komputer dan Sistem Informasi 9, no. 1 (January 18, 2021): 158. http://dx.doi.org/10.24912/jiksi.v9i1.11588.
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Data security is very important and privacy for every user because there is sensitive information so it must be safe from irresponsible parties. One method that can secure user account data is Multi-Factor Authentication. E-commerce applications using Multi-Factor Authentication can secure their user accounts. This discussion is about creating website-based e-commerce applications that users can use to buy smart phone products. This E-commerce website application can secure users through 3 login steps. The login mechanism presented in this e-commerce website application is login with password, login with OTP code, and finally login with personal questions. The experimental results show that using the multi-factor authentication method provides good security for user accounts
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Harra Hau, Rambu Ririnsia, Paulina Nelce Mole, Agustina Elizabeth, Yohanes Sudarmo Dua, and Maria Yani Leonarda. "Students' Multirepresentation Ability in Completing Physics Evaluation Problems." JIPF (Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan Fisika) 5, no. 3 (September 3, 2020): 187. http://dx.doi.org/10.26737/jipf.v5i3.1893.
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This study aims to describe students' multi-representation ability in solving physics evaluation questions carried out by the qualitative description method in class X MIA 1 SMA Katolik St. Gabriel Maumere for the 2019/2020 school year. The data were obtained from the matter of physics evaluation on Newton's law material about the force of gravity. Data analysis is based on student work steps in solving evaluation questions. Data analysis results show that the ability of multi-representation in solving physics problems on Newton's law material about the force of gravity in the high category. The number of mathematical representations of 100%, image representation of 10%, then in the medium type only uses a mathematical description of 100% and in the low category using a mathematical representation of 100% and a verbal representation of 40%.
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Zhang, Yanan, Li Jin, Xiaoyu Li, and Honqi Wang. "Edge-Aware Graph Neural Network for Multi-Hop Path Reasoning over Knowledge Base." Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience 2022 (October 12, 2022): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/4734179.
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Multi-hop path reasoning over knowledge base aims at finding answer entities for an input question by walking along a path of triples from graph structure data, which is a crucial branch in the knowledge base question answering (KBQA) research field. Previous studies rely on deep neural networks to simulate the way humans solve multi-hop questions, which do not consider the latent relation information contained in connected edges, and lack of measuring the correlation between specific relations and the input question. To address these challenges, we propose an edge-aware graph neural network for multi-hop path reasoning task. First, a query node is directly added to the candidate subgraph retrieved from the knowledge base, which constructs what we term a query graph. This graph construction strategy makes it possible to enhance the information flow between the question and the nodes for the subsequent message passing steps. Second, question-related information contained in the relations is added to the entity node representations during graph updating; meanwhile, the relation representations are updated. Finally, the attention mechanism is used to weight the contribution from neighbor nodes so that only the information of neighbor nodes related to the query can be injected into new node representations. Experimental results on MetaQA and PathQuestion-Large (PQL) benchmarks demonstrate that the proposed model achieves higher Hit@1 and F1 scores than the baseline methods by a large margin. Moreover, ablation studies show that both the graph construction and the graph update algorithm contribute to performance improvement.
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Bogin, Ben, Sanjay Subramanian, Matt Gardner, and Jonathan Berant. "Latent Compositional Representations Improve Systematic Generalization in Grounded Question Answering." Transactions of the Association for Computational Linguistics 9 (2021): 195–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/tacl_a_00361.
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Abstract Answering questions that involve multi-step reasoning requires decomposing them and using the answers of intermediate steps to reach the final answer. However, state-of-the-art models in grounded question answering often do not explicitly perform decomposition, leading to difficulties in generalization to out-of-distribution examples. In this work, we propose a model that computes a representation and denotation for all question spans in a bottom-up, compositional manner using a CKY-style parser. Our model induces latent trees, driven by end-to-end (the answer) supervision only. We show that this inductive bias towards tree structures dramatically improves systematic generalization to out-of- distribution examples, compared to strong baselines on an arithmetic expressions benchmark as well as on C losure, a dataset that focuses on systematic generalization for grounded question answering. On this challenging dataset, our model reaches an accuracy of 96.1%, significantly higher than prior models that almost perfectly solve the task on a random, in-distribution split.
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FUREMS, E. M., O. I. LARICHEV, G. V. ROIZENSON, A. V. LOTOV, and K. MIETTINEN. "HUMAN BEHAVIOR IN A MULTI-CRITERIA CHOICE PROBLEM WITH INDIVIDUAL TASKS OF DIFFERENT DIFFICULTIES." International Journal of Information Technology & Decision Making 02, no. 01 (March 2003): 29–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219622003000501.
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This paper is devoted to a laboratory study of human behavior in a multi-criteria choice problem. The specific feature of the experimental study is the creation of an individually adjusted instance of a general task for each subject in accordance with his/her preferences over each criterion. Human behavior is studied in a specially constructed choice situation based on the decomposition of the alternatives of a multi-criteria problem. The procedure is based on multiple steps of pair-wise comparisons involving only some (two or three) of the original components of the alternatives. Abilities of subjects to use such comparisons and to answer the questions in a logical way are tested. The experiment was carried out in two countries: Finland and Russia.
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Gaffield, Chad. "Mindset and Guidelines: Insights to Enhance Collaborative, Campus-wide, Cross-sectoral Digital Humanities Initiatives." International Journal of Humanities and Arts Computing 10, no. 1 (March 2016): 8–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/ijhac.2016.0156.
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At the heart of the emergence and development of the Digital Humanities has been the potential to move beyond the out-dated epistemological and metaphysical dichotomies of the later 20th century including quantitative-qualitative, pure-applied, and campus-community. Despite significant steps forward, this potential has been only partially realized as illustrated by DH pioneer Edward L. Ayers’ recent question, ‘Does Digital Scholarship have a future?’ As a way to think through current challenges and opportunities, this paper reflects on the building and initial use of the Canadian Century Research Infrastructure (CCRI). As one of the largest projects in the history of the social sciences and humanities, CCRI enables research on the making of modern Canada by offering complex databases that cover the first half of the twentieth century. Built by scholars from multiple disciplines from coast-to-coast and in collaboration with government agencies and the private sector, CCRI team members came to grips with key DH questions especially those faced by interdisciplinary, multi-institutional, cross-sectoral and internationally-connected initiatives. Thinking through this experience does not generate simple recipes or lessons-learned but does offer promising practices as well as new questions for future scholarly consideration.
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Burckhardt, Marion, Brigitte Nink-Grebe, and Andreas Maier-Hasselmann. "Towards User-Oriented Recommendations for Local Therapy of Leg and Foot Ulcers—An Update of a S3-German Guideline." Medical Sciences 9, no. 3 (August 11, 2021): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medsci9030054.
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Background: The German S3- guideline on local therapy of leg ulcers and diabetic foot ulcers is in the process of being updated. Major goals are to improve the guidelines’ applicability and to take steps towards a living guideline according to current methodological standards. The aim of this article is to describe the main measures to achieve these goals. Methods: The context of the guideline in the field of local wound care and the stakeholder requirements are briefly described. Based on a derived framework, the project team adjusted the methods for the guideline. Results: Main adjustments are more specific inclusion criteria, online consensus meetings and the use of an authoring and publication platform to provide information in a multi-layered format. A new set of practice-oriented key questions were defined by the guideline panel to foster the formulation of action-oriented recommendations. Conclusions: The set of new key questions addressing practical problems and patients’ preferences as well as the adjustments made to improve not only the guidelines’ applicability, but also the feasibility of the further dynamic updating processes in the sense of a living guideline, should be steps in the right direction.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Multi-steps questions"
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Genemo, Hussein. "A Design Science Approach to Assessment of Multi-Steps Questions in Mathematics." Thesis, 2019. https://vuir.vu.edu.au/40204/.
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Academic assessment that is used to assist in producing knowledge having a lasting effect should be the concern of all stakeholders. Subjective assessment contributes to achieving this type of knowledge. In particular for multi-steps questions (MSQ) human assessors play important roles. This evaluation includes assessing solution strategies, working produced from employing those strategies, and the final answer. This assessment can reveal levels of conceptual understanding displayed by students. Subjective assessment gives options to students to express their understanding of the topic. However, when computer-aided assessment (CAA) systems are used, there is much less subjectivity. These systems subdivide MSQ into stub-steps, and students can provide one step’s answer without showing their workings. This technique is similar to assessing objective questions such as multiple-choice questions (MCQ) which do not, generally, examine conceptual understanding. The inability of CAA systems to assess solutions of MSQ is considered a complex problem. To solve a complex problem, accumulating knowledge about the problem, producing solutions and acquiring ability to apply those solutions are required. Design science research (DSR), which is the paradigm to investigate complex problems- in information systems research and design science - has been used in this research. Two hundred and fifty-eight student scripts containing working with solutions of MSQ were analysed using an inductive qualitative content analysis and the quantitative survey approach. The findings from the analyses of scripts were re-analysed iteratively to produce the knowledge that contributed to the understanding of the research problem and producing solutions. This knowledge includes types of solution strategies and student errors that can also be used in designing questions to be used in CAA systems for assessing objective questions. The methodologies that were used in producing this knowledge could also be used in similar disciplines to produce similar output. A significant contribution of this research is to analyse student workings for extracting solution strategies, and this helps understanding ways of solving MSQ and obtaining these strategies. This approach does not appear to have been used elsewhere. The questionnaire that was created for measuring the significance of types of strategies and student errors is an innovative instrument. It has not been used previously and can be adapted for similar studies. The information in the analyses of student workings also provides directions when solutions of MSQ are assessed by humans. Furthermore, all the above information as well as domain knowledge was used to develop DSR constructs and models artefacts. These models represent processes and data in the student workings, which was divided into sub-tasks with each task being represented by one model. The implementation of a model in a DSR prototype artefact accomplishes the assessment of that sub-task. One of these models was implemented, overcoming difficulty in designing user interfaces that can be used without disclosing the domain knowledge students are examined. These user interfaces show an innovative way of extracting conceptual understanding of topics. Furthermore, these models are highly generalisable to a very broad class of problems.
Books on the topic "Multi-steps questions"
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Jeffery, Commission, and Moloo Rahim. 9 Other Procedures. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198729037.003.0009.
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This chapter examines other procedures in investment arbitration proceedings, with particular emphasis on how International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID) and UNCITRAL tribunals have addressed them in practice. ICSID has schematically set out what it describes as ‘the steps in the process’ in an ICSID arbitration using a flow chart. However, this flow chart is not able to anticipate with much certainty the potential impact of certain other procedures. The chapter first explains the determination of the legal place or seat of arbitration in non-ICSID Convention arbitrations before discussing the practice of early dismissal mechanisms, specifically, ICSID Rule 41(5) objections for manifest lack of legal merit. It then considers the question of site visits conducted by tribunals in ICSID and UNCITRAL arbitrations, the practice of tribunal-appointed experts, and requests for reconsideration. It also outlines the features of multi-party arbitration, including the procedures and issues associated with mass claims.
Book chapters on the topic "Multi-steps questions"
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Cairney, Paul, Michael Keating, Sean Kippin, and Emily St Denny. "Solving Inequalities via Policy Learning and Transfer." In Public Policy to Reduce Inequalities across Europe, 17–34. Oxford University PressOxford, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192898586.003.0002.
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Abstract This chapter examines the role of policy learning and transfer in multi-level policymaking systems. Multi-level dynamics offer new ways for learning and transfer to happen, as state and sub-state governments experiment with policy or take lessons from governments addressing inequalities in new ways. Yet no single government has full understanding of or control over this process. In that context, we compare two stories of policy learning and transfer. An agency-focused story highlights policy actors and their requirements, identifying key steps to policy analysis and design. A context-focused story highlights the limits to their powers and produces a series of cautionary tales to guide analysis. We use this study of policymaking context to inform agency-centred accounts, identifying three questions to guide analysis and research: what is the evidence for an exporting government’s success; what story do exporting and importing governments tell of their approach, and; how comparable are their policymaking systems?
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Syed, Raihan Taqui, Dharmendra Singh, and David Philip Spicer. "Social Entrepreneurship, Value Creation, and Sustainability." In International Perspectives on Value Creation and Sustainability Through Social Entrepreneurship, 1–18. IGI Global, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-6684-4666-9.ch001.
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This chapter presents an in-depth examination and analysis of published literature indexed in Scopus database on social entrepreneurship, sustainability, and value creation. A descriptive bibliometric analysis coupled with content analysis is presented incorporating citations included in Scopus' multi-disciplinary database over the last 20 years. Two software packages, VOS Viewer and Bibliometrix R, were employed to probe the research questions and create visualizations of the bibliometric networks. The interconnected and multifaceted nature of the research field is demonstrated, thematic evolution is illustrated, and emerging clusters are identified. Findings suggest that the research on social entrepreneurship, sustainability, and value creation has been pioneered by USA followed by India and other countries. Also, further steps need to be undertaken to encourage and enable cross-border international collaboration to draw learning together from different national and regional contexts.
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Kenny, John P., and Dalia Elmofty. "Postsurgical Neuralgia." In Neuropathic Pain, edited by Jianguo Cheng, 73–80. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190298357.003.0009.
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The development of post-surgical neuralgia (PSN) is multi-factorial and many questions still remain unanswered. PSN results from traumatic nerve injury during a surgical procedure. Little is known about the correlation between the mechanism of injury and the clinical presentation. PSN is often unrecogonized and misdiagnosed. It can be severely debilitating. The consequences of postsurgical neuralgia not only affect a patient’s quality of life, but also have a profound impact on healthcare costs. Identifying predisposing risk factors, utilizing a preventative approach, proper and timely detection, enhancing awareness amongst physicians and early pain management referral are imperative steps in the treatment of PSN. Surgeons and anesthesiologist have a crucial role in the prevention of PSN. Identifying high risk patients and high risk surgery types along with collaborative efforts to implement a multimodal perioperative analgesic plan is recommended.
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Metcalfe, David, and Harveer Dev. "Working Effectively as Part of a Team." In Oxford Assess and Progress: Situational Judgement Test. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198805809.003.0024.
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Teamworking is an inevitable part of working within a complex multidisciplinary environment. Thankfully, most interactions with other members of the healthcare team will be positive and constructive. Unfortunately, such happy circumstances do not make for particularly interesting SJT scenarios. The following section is therefore full of colleagues that are angry, rude, dishonest, unprofessional, and even intoxicated. In Raising and Acting on Concerns About Patient Safety (2012), the General Medical Council (GMC) states that ‘all doctors have a duty to raise concerns where they believe that patient safety or care is being compromised by the practice of colleagues or the systems, policies and procedures in the organizations in which they work’. The GMC proposes taking the following steps in sequence when you develop serious concerns about a colleague: ● Raise the concern with ‘your manager or an appropriate officer of the organisation . . . such as the consultant in charge of the team, the clinical or medical director’. Alternatively, a foundation doctor may raise their concern with an appropriate person responsible for training such as their Foundation Programme Director. ● Raise the concern with a regulator (such as the GMC), professional body (such as the British Medical Association), or charity (such as Public Concern at Work). This step should be taken if you have exhausted options for raising the concern internally and there is an ‘immediate serious risk to patients, and a regulator or other external body has responsibility to act or intervene’. ● Raise the concern publicly. This step should be taken when you have exhausted options for raising the concern internally and have ‘good reason to believe that patients are still at risk of harm’. Your usual duty is to avoid breaching patient confidentiality. This is a highly unusual and significant step to take and is unlikely to be appropriate without first having taken advice from an appropriate organization such as the GMC, BMA, or Public Concern at Work. The questions within this section highlight your ability and willingness to work with team members. You will need to work collaboratively and respectfully within a multi- disciplinary team, as well as provide advice and support to colleagues.
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Bhat, P. Ishwara. "Methodology of Feminist Legal Research." In Idea and Methods of Legal Research, 556–98. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199493098.003.0017.
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Feminist legal research involves an integrated method of research focusing on the problems of women in relation to law and legal system. It brings to the surface the subjugated knowledge about women’s experience, asks the woman question, raises consciousness for social transformation and initiates remedial action. The goal of feminist legal research is serving the interests of women by using inductive reasoning. It has historical background which became intensive since 1970s. A sound understanding of feminist perspective supports this kind of research. Various steps include asking the woman question, feminist practical reasoning, consciousness-raising action, and building of feminist knowledge. The latter in turn entails methods of rational empirical position, standpoint feminism, and post modernism. Since truth is a matter of one’s position and differs from person to person, various viewpoints should be considered. Reading between the lines, interdisciplinary approach and use of multi-method help this kind of research.
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Savić, Gordana, and Milan Martić. "Composite Indicators Construction by Data Envelopment Analysis." In Advances in Data Mining and Database Management, 98–126. IGI Global, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-0714-7.ch005.
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Composite indicators (CIs) are seen as an aggregation of a set of sub-indicators for measuring multi-dimensional concepts that cannot be captured by a single indicator (OECD, 2008). The indicators of development in different areas are also constructed by aggregating several sub-indicators. Consequently, the construction of CIs includes weighting and aggregation of individual performance indicators. These steps in CI construction are challenging issues as the final results are significantly affected by the method used in aggregation. The main question is whether and how to weigh individual performance indicators. Verifiable information regarding the true weights is typically unavailable. In practice, subjective expert opinions are usually used to derive weights, which can lead to disagreements (Hatefi & Torabi, 2010). The disagreement can appear when the experts from different areas are included in a poll since they can value criteria differently in accordance with their expertise. Therefore, a proper methodology of the derivation of weights and construction of composite indicators should be employed. From the operations research standpoint, the data envelopment analysis (DEA) and the multiple criteria decision analysis (MCDA) are proper methods for the construction of composite indicators (Zhou & Ang, 2009; Zhou, Ang, & Zhou, 2010). All methods combine the sub-indicators according to their weights, except that the MCDA methods usually require a priori determination of weights, while the DEA determines the weights a posteriori, as a result of model solving. This chapter addresses the DEA as a non-parametric technique, introduced by Charnes, Cooper, and Rhodes (1978), for efficiency measurement of different non-profitable and profitable units. It is lately adopted as an appropriate method for the CI construction due to its several features (Shen, Ruan, Hermans, Brijs, Wets, & Vanhoof, 2011). Firstly, individual performance indicators are combined without a priori determination of weights, and secondly, each unit under observation is assessed taking into consideration the performance of all other units, which is known as the ‘benefit of the doubt' (BOD) approach (Cherchye, Moesen, Rogge, & van Puyenbroeck, 2007). The methodological and theoretical aspects and the flaws of the DEA application for the construction of CIs will be discussed in this chapter, starting with the issues related to the application procedure, followed by the issues of real data availability, introducing value judgments, qualitative data, and non-desirable performance indicators. The procedure of a DEA-based CI construction will be illustrated by the case of ranking of different regions of Serbia based on their socio-economic development.
Conference papers on the topic "Multi-steps questions"
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Wang, Yutong, Jiyuan Zheng, Qijiong Liu, Zhou Zhao, Jun Xiao, and Yueting Zhuang. "Weak Supervision Enhanced Generative Network for Question Generation." In Twenty-Eighth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-19}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2019/528.
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Automatic question generation according to an answer within the given passage is useful for many applications, such as question answering system, dialogue system, etc. Current neural-based methods mostly take two steps which extract several important sentences based on the candidate answer through manual rules or supervised neural networks and then use an encoder-decoder framework to generate questions about these sentences. These approaches still acquire two steps and neglect the semantic relations between the answer and the context of the whole passage which is sometimes necessary for answering the question. To address this problem, we propose the Weakly Supervision Enhanced Generative Network (WeGen) which automatically discovers relevant features of the passage given the answer span in a weakly supervised manner to improve the quality of generated questions. More specifically, we devise a discriminator, Relation Guider, to capture the relations between the passage and the associated answer and then the Multi-Interaction mechanism is deployed to transfer the knowledge dynamically for our question generation system. Experiments show the effectiveness of our method in both automatic evaluations and human evaluations.
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Daniela, Linda, and Daiga Ivsiņa. "On a Pathway Towards the Digitalisation of Higher Education: The Case of Latvia." In 80th International Scientific Conference of the University of Latvia. University of Latvia Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.22364/htqe.2022.19.
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The European project POWERHEAD (Empowering Higher Education in Adopting Digital Learning), involving the Latvian Ministry of Education and Science (project partner) and the Flemish Department of Education and Training (project lead partner), aims to analyse the possibilities of digitising higher education. In order to identify the way forward, digitising higher education in Latvia and Belgium (Flemish Region) was mapped according to the methodology developed in the project, taking into account Laurillard’s model of drivers and enablers. The project aims to develop policy guidelines for partners at two levels: 1) guidelines for a national policy strategy on digital learning in higher education; and 2) guidelines including recommendations for higher education institutions to develop teaching and learning in this format and environment and to plan the next steps in the digitalisation of higher education. To this end, a multi-stage study was carried out to identify the situation in Latvia. The first phase consisted of a series of focus group discussions with higher education stakeholders (students, lecturers, business representatives and policy-makers). The second phase consisted of a survey of academic staff comprising 40 questions, two of which were designed to elicit demographic information, while the remaining questions were open-ended. The results (and related challenges) were analysed using content analysis principles. The key finding is that stakeholders are generally supportive of the digitalisation of higher education but point to a number of challenges that need to be addressed: support for lecturers in learning digital skills, collaboration between lecturers, and digital solution designers to ensure that digital solutions are of high quality and avoid the risks of knowledge fragmentation. It is also important to think about the principles of inclusive education so that the digital learning environment is accessible to everyone.
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Brant, Logan, Todd Zawacki, Jane Barnes, and Alexander McKenzie-Johnson. "Development of an Interactive E-Learning Geohazards Training Program for Pipeline Operations Personnel." In 2022 14th International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2022-86854.
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Abstract Geohazards on pipeline right-of-way have the potential to threaten pipeline integrity and pose safety and environmental risks. Identification of geohazard sites is a necessary first step in the management of geohazards. Geohazard identification should be accomplished with a multi-dimensional approach that includes a combination of subject matter expert assessment, field observations by pipeline operations personnel, in-line inspections and aerial patrols. Pipeline operations personnel may require additional training to effectively perform this important function. This paper describes a collaboration between an engineering consultant and a pipeline operator on the development of an hour-long interactive e-learning geohazards training program specifically designed for pipeline operations personnel. The development began by clearly establishing the learning objectives, the target audience, and the delivery format for the training. Topics covered in the training include why geohazards management is important for pipeline operations, common types of geotechnical, hydrotechnical, and third-party geohazards encountered on pipeline right-of-way, signs during field observations that may indicate the presence of potential geohazards and how to document and report field observations of potential geohazards. The training was illustrated throughout with photographs showing real-world examples of geohazards on pipeline right-of-way. These photographs were contributed by subject matter experts who frequently perform field identification, assessment, monitoring and design mitigation measures for geohazards on pipeline right-of-way. The team prepared written narration read by a professional narrator. Additionally, the team prepared a series of ungraded knowledge check questions incorporated throughout the presentation and a graded 10-question course examination taken after completing the training to confirm participant comprehension. The final step of the development involved transitioning the course to Articulate Storyline software to allow for the course to be taken online. The training has been uploaded and integrated into the pipeline operator’s learning management system. This paper shares the steps that went into developing this interactive e-learning geohazards training program and the operations improvements expected as a result of the expanded geohazard identification training for pipeline operations personnel.
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Alperin, Regina, Eyal Manor, and Moti Leibowitz. "Verification and Validation Method in Complex Systems: Case Study." In ASME 2008 9th Biennial Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/esda2008-59561.
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The article describes a case study methodology that is applied in RAFAEL for the verification and validation (V&V) of complex and multi-disciplinary systems. Various methods of V&V are found within the nature and the type of the product. Some applications use methods that are prevalent in the electronics industry. There are other methods that are based on international standards such as V&V for airborne structures. Complex systems are characterized by a number of special issues which do not allow for a simple implementation of V&V mentioned above. The following issues are unique to complex systems: the design consists of multi-disciplinary subjects, the cost of the life cycle is high, it takes a long time for hardware production and for the completion of development, there is a demand for high reliability, the V&V process contains a multiplicity of parameters and the system has multiple interfaces. For systems of this nature there is no V&V process available in use and it is necessary to implement a tailored-made method. This method of V&V deals with the two main quantitative and qualitative questions of proof: (a) how does the system and sub-system behave under external environmental conditions?, (b) how does the system and sub-system functioning under the existence of differences between sub-systems and components which are supplied in the delivery stage of the life cycle (i.e. geometrical and performance tolerances, time depending parameters)? The new approach is to design a process of V&V in the early stages of the product life cycle. It is different from the conventional approach which performs the reliability tests at the completion of the product development via the approval examinations. The steps in building updated V&V process for complex system are: 1. Identification of the functionality specification of the system and deriving from it the V&V building blocks. 2. Breaking down the system into independent factors and connecting to each factor the relevant part of the physical structures. For each component in the structures it is necessary to identify its functionality and whether if the specification comply with demands. 3. Building computational, analytical and functional models which describe the system, sub-system and its components behavior and sensitivity analysis. 4. Experimental validation for individual sub-systems and components. The purposes are to verify reliability of the models, to validate the margin of safety needed and to find out the failure threshold. 5. Experimental validation at a higher level. The purposes of this stage are to examine the internal and external interfaces, to verify the approach of the separation of parameters and to validate the system functionality. This new approach will be demonstrated on an electromechanical system.
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Lee, Jae Hee, Matthias Kerzel, Kyra Ahrens, Cornelius Weber, and Stefan Wermter. "What is Right for Me is Not Yet Right for You: A Dataset for Grounding Relative Directions via Multi-Task Learning." In Thirty-First International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-22}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2022/145.
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Understanding spatial relations is essential for intelligent agents to act and communicate in the physical world. Relative directions are spatial relations that describe the relative positions of target objects with regard to the intrinsic orientation of reference objects. Grounding relative directions is more difficult than grounding absolute directions because it not only requires a model to detect objects in the image and to identify spatial relation based on this information, but it also needs to recognize the orientation of objects and integrate this information into the reasoning process. We investigate the challenging problem of grounding relative directions with end-to-end neural networks. To this end, we provide GRiD-3D, a novel dataset that features relative directions and complements existing visual question answering (VQA) datasets, such as CLEVR, that involve only absolute directions. We also provide baselines for the dataset with two established end-to-end VQA models. Experimental evaluations show that answering questions on relative directions is feasible when questions in the dataset simulate the necessary subtasks for grounding relative directions. We discover that those subtasks are learned in an order that reflects the steps of an intuitive pipeline for processing relative directions.
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Antoine Moinnereau, Marc, Tiago Henrique Falk, and Alcyr Alves De Oliveira. "Measuring Human Influential Factors During VR Gaming at Home: Towards Optimized Per-User Gaming Experiences." In 13th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2022). AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1002056.
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It is known that human influential factors (HIFs, e.g., sense of presence/immersion; attention, stress, and engagement levels; fun factors) play a crucial role in the gamer’s perceived immersive media experience [1]. To this end, recent research has explored the use of affective brain-/body-computer interfaces to monitor such factors [2, 3]. Typically, studies have been conducted in laboratory settings and have relied on research-grade neurophysiological sensors. Transferring the obtained knowledge to everyday settings, however, is not straightforward, especially since it requires cumbersome and long preparation times (e.g., placing electroencephalography caps, gel, test impedances) which could be overwhelming for gamers. To overcome this limitation, we have recently developed an instrumented “plug-and-play” virtual reality head-mounted display (termed iHMD) [4] which directly embeds a number of dry ExG sensors (electroencephalography, EEG; electrocardiography, ECG; electromyography, EMG; and electrooculography, EoG) into the HMD. A portable bioamplifier is used to collect, stream, and/or store the biosignals in real-time. Moreover, a software suite has been developed to automatically measure signal quality [5], enhance the biosignals [6, 7, 8], infer breathing rate from the ECG [9], and extract relevant HIFs from the post-processed signals [3, 10, 11]. More recently, we have also developed companion software to allow for use and monitoring of the device at the gamer’s home with minimal experimental supervision, hence exploring its potential use truly “in the wild”. The iHMD, VR controllers, and a laptop, along with a copy of the Half-Life: Alyx videogame, were dropped off at the homes of 10 gamers who consented to participate in the study. All public health COVID-19 protocols were followed, including sanitizing the iHMD in a UV-C light chamber and with sanitizing wipes 48h prior to dropping the equipment off. Instructions on how to set up the equipment and the game, as well as a google form with a multi-part questionnaire [12] to be answered after the game were provided via videoconference. The researcher remained available remotely in case any participant questions arose, but otherwise, interventions were minimal. Participants were asked to play the game for around one hour and none of the participants reported cybersickness. This paper details the obtained results from this study and shows the potential of measuring HIFs from ExG signals collected “in the wild,” as well as their use in remote gaming experience monitoring. In particular, we will show the potential of measuring gamer engagement and sense of presence from the collected signals and their influence on overall experience. The next steps will be to use these signals and inferred HIFs to adjust the game in real-time, thus maximizing the experience for each individual gamer.References[1] Perkis, A., et al, 2020. QUALINET white paper on definitions of immersive media experience (IMEx). arXiv preprint arXiv:2007.07032.[2] Gupta, R., et al, 2016. Using affective BCIs to characterize human influential factors for speech QoE perception modelling. Human-centric Computing and Information Sciences, 6(1):1-19.[3] Clerico, A., et al, 2016, Biometrics and classifier fusion to predict the fun-factor in video gaming. In IEEE Conf Comp Intell and Games (pp. 1-8).[4] Cassani, R., et al 2020. Neural interface instrumented virtual reality headsets: Toward next-generation immersive applications. IEEE SMC Mag, 6(3):20-28.[5] Tobon, D. et al, 2014. MS-QI: A modulation spectrum-based ECG quality index for telehealth applications. IEEE TBE, 63(8):1613-1622.[6] Tobón, D. and Falk, T.H., 2016. Adaptive spectro-temporal filtering for electrocardiogram signal enhancement. IEEE JBHI, 22(2):421-428.[7] dos Santos, E., et al, 2020. Improved motor imagery BCI performance via adaptive modulation filtering and two-stage classification. Biomed Signal Proc Control, Vol. 57.[8] Rosanne, O., et al, 2021. Adaptive filtering for improved EEG-based mental workload assessment of ambulant users. Front. Neurosci, Vol.15.[9] Cassani, R., et al, 2018. Respiration rate estimation from noisy electrocardiograms based on modulation spectral analysis. CMBES Proc., Vol. 41.[10] Tiwari, A. and Falk, T.H., 2021. New Measures of Heart Rate Variability based on Subband Tachogram Complexity and Spectral Characteristics for Improved Stress and Anxiety Monitoring in Highly Ecological Settings. Front Signal Proc, Vol.7.[11] Moinnereau, M.A., 2020, Saccadic Eye Movement Classification Using ExG Sensors Embedded into a Virtual Reality Headset. In IEEE Conf SMC, pp. 3494-3498.[12] Tcha-Tokey, K., et al, 2016. Proposition and Validation of a Questionnaire to Measure the User Experience in Immersive Virtual Environments. Intl J Virtual Reality, 16:33-48.
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Dieu, Donavan, Yves Deletrain, Raphaël Van Liefferinge, and Charles Hirsch. "A Strategy for Parameterization and Optimization of Turbine Cooling Channels." In ASME Turbo Expo 2015: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2015-42212.
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Cooled turbine blades represent a major component of gas turbine technology due their potential for enhancing overall cycle performance. Due to the difficulty of performing detailed experiments on these complex internal configurations, the only option is to rely intensively on high fidelity CFD modeling and subsequent optimization to enhance the heat transfer coefficient (HTC) by exploration of a broad design space. The optimization strategy relies on the following steps: parametric modeling of cooling passages; automatic grid generation; validation of the most reliable turbulence models and boundary conditions; optimization process based on genetic algorithms. The parametric blade modeler AutoBlade™ has been upgraded to generate CAD geometries of cooling channels, including ribs, different section shapes, U-turns. From those geometries, the full hexahedral mesher HEXPRESS™ is able to automatically generate high quality unstructured meshes with the possibility to insert viscous sublayers to provide adequate resolution in boundary layer regions. The mesh generator can also deal with multi-domain problems allowing conjugate heat transfer (CHT) method. CFD options were analyzed in order to obtain numerical results as accurate as possible for the optimization process. It appears that low Reynolds grids were necessary to reproduce the thermal effects due to the strong temperature gradient near solid walls. The preconditioning technique seems to be essential for density based flow to obtain realistic results for flows at low Mach number. The anisotropic EARSM turbulence model appears to provide good heat transfer predictions. In addition, the question to include or not CHT is raised: the study also compares the heat transfer obtained in case of imposed static temperature conditions on the coolant to the ones obtained by means of CHT. The results highlight that CHT is more realistic. Optimization of HTC is performed on three baseline configurations by variation of geometric parameters including the aspect ratio of the channel cross section, the shape, position and size of the ribs. The main objective consists in maximization the heat fluxes while limiting the head loss. The optimization process starts from an initial database of high-fidelity CHT simulations obtained by design of experiment methods. To predict a potential optimum, an evolutionary algorithm is run on an artificial neural network for a very quick evaluation of the objectives from the database. The process is iterative: starting from potential candidates, the CFD process is launched to validate the guess and populate the database. Results and optimized geometries will be presented in the full paper.