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1
Geva, Mor, Daniel Khashabi, Elad Segal, Tushar Khot, Dan Roth, and Jonathan Berant. "Did Aristotle Use a Laptop? A Question Answering Benchmark with Implicit Reasoning Strategies." Transactions of the Association for Computational Linguistics 9 (2021): 346–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/tacl_a_00370.
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Abstract A key limitation in current datasets for multi-hop reasoning is that the required steps for answering the question are mentioned in it explicitly. In this work, we introduce StrategyQA, a question answering (QA) benchmark where the required reasoning steps are implicit in the question, and should be inferred using a strategy. A fundamental challenge in this setup is how to elicit such creative questions from crowdsourcing workers, while covering a broad range of potential strategies. We propose a data collection procedure that combines term-based priming to inspire annotators, careful control over the annotator population, and adversarial filtering for eliminating reasoning shortcuts. Moreover, we annotate each question with (1) a decomposition into reasoning steps for answering it, and (2) Wikipedia paragraphs that contain the answers to each step. Overall, StrategyQA includes 2,780 examples, each consisting of a strategy question, its decomposition, and evidence paragraphs. Analysis shows that questions in StrategyQA are short, topic-diverse, and cover a wide range of strategies. Empirically, we show that humans perform well (87%) on this task, while our best baseline reaches an accuracy of ∼ 66%.
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Forshaw, Mark, David Tod, and Martin Eubank. "Conducting a systematic review: Demystification for trainees in health psychology." Health Psychology Update 27, no. 2 (2018): 24–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.53841/bpshpu.2018.27.2.24.
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The purpose of this article is to define and detail the steps in conducting systematic reviews for trainees and supervisors. We also offer suggestions garnered from our experiences reading, conducting, publishing, and reviewing such manuscripts. Steps include developing specific questions and inclusion/exclusion criteria, undertaking a multi-strategy literature search, implementing replicable data extraction methods, assessing study quality, and employing transparent procedures for synthesising and presenting results. Suggestions include developing a proposal and having it critiqued, allowing sufficient time to conduct a review, keeping meticulous records, and adhering to established procedures.
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Tod, David, and Martin Eubank. "Conducting a systematic review: Demystification for trainees in sport and exercise psychology." Sport & Exercise Psychology Review 13, no. 1 (March 2017): 65–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.53841/bpssepr.2017.13.1.65.
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The purpose of this article is to define and detail the steps in conducting systematic reviews for trainees and supervisors. We also offer suggestions garnered from our experiences reading, conducting, publishing, and reviewing such manuscripts. Steps include: developing specific questions and inclusion/exclusion criteria; undertaking a multi-strategy literature search; implementing replicable data extraction methods; assessing study quality; and employing transparent procedures for synthesising and presenting results. Suggestions include: developing a proposal and having it reviewed; allowing sufficient time to conduct a review; keeping meticulous records; and adhering to established procedures.
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Nugraha, Muhammad Adi, Desi Arisandi, and Novario Jaya Perdana. "PENGAMANAN WEBSITE E-COMMERCE MENGGUNAKAN MULTI-FACTOR AUTHENTICATION." Jurnal Ilmu Komputer dan Sistem Informasi 9, no. 1 (January 18, 2021): 158. http://dx.doi.org/10.24912/jiksi.v9i1.11588.
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Data security is very important and privacy for every user because there is sensitive information so it must be safe from irresponsible parties. One method that can secure user account data is Multi-Factor Authentication. E-commerce applications using Multi-Factor Authentication can secure their user accounts. This discussion is about creating website-based e-commerce applications that users can use to buy smart phone products. This E-commerce website application can secure users through 3 login steps. The login mechanism presented in this e-commerce website application is login with password, login with OTP code, and finally login with personal questions. The experimental results show that using the multi-factor authentication method provides good security for user accounts
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Harra Hau, Rambu Ririnsia, Paulina Nelce Mole, Agustina Elizabeth, Yohanes Sudarmo Dua, and Maria Yani Leonarda. "Students' Multirepresentation Ability in Completing Physics Evaluation Problems." JIPF (Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan Fisika) 5, no. 3 (September 3, 2020): 187. http://dx.doi.org/10.26737/jipf.v5i3.1893.
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This study aims to describe students' multi-representation ability in solving physics evaluation questions carried out by the qualitative description method in class X MIA 1 SMA Katolik St. Gabriel Maumere for the 2019/2020 school year. The data were obtained from the matter of physics evaluation on Newton's law material about the force of gravity. Data analysis is based on student work steps in solving evaluation questions. Data analysis results show that the ability of multi-representation in solving physics problems on Newton's law material about the force of gravity in the high category. The number of mathematical representations of 100%, image representation of 10%, then in the medium type only uses a mathematical description of 100% and in the low category using a mathematical representation of 100% and a verbal representation of 40%.
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Zhang, Yanan, Li Jin, Xiaoyu Li, and Honqi Wang. "Edge-Aware Graph Neural Network for Multi-Hop Path Reasoning over Knowledge Base." Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience 2022 (October 12, 2022): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/4734179.
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Multi-hop path reasoning over knowledge base aims at finding answer entities for an input question by walking along a path of triples from graph structure data, which is a crucial branch in the knowledge base question answering (KBQA) research field. Previous studies rely on deep neural networks to simulate the way humans solve multi-hop questions, which do not consider the latent relation information contained in connected edges, and lack of measuring the correlation between specific relations and the input question. To address these challenges, we propose an edge-aware graph neural network for multi-hop path reasoning task. First, a query node is directly added to the candidate subgraph retrieved from the knowledge base, which constructs what we term a query graph. This graph construction strategy makes it possible to enhance the information flow between the question and the nodes for the subsequent message passing steps. Second, question-related information contained in the relations is added to the entity node representations during graph updating; meanwhile, the relation representations are updated. Finally, the attention mechanism is used to weight the contribution from neighbor nodes so that only the information of neighbor nodes related to the query can be injected into new node representations. Experimental results on MetaQA and PathQuestion-Large (PQL) benchmarks demonstrate that the proposed model achieves higher Hit@1 and F1 scores than the baseline methods by a large margin. Moreover, ablation studies show that both the graph construction and the graph update algorithm contribute to performance improvement.
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Bogin, Ben, Sanjay Subramanian, Matt Gardner, and Jonathan Berant. "Latent Compositional Representations Improve Systematic Generalization in Grounded Question Answering." Transactions of the Association for Computational Linguistics 9 (2021): 195–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/tacl_a_00361.
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Abstract Answering questions that involve multi-step reasoning requires decomposing them and using the answers of intermediate steps to reach the final answer. However, state-of-the-art models in grounded question answering often do not explicitly perform decomposition, leading to difficulties in generalization to out-of-distribution examples. In this work, we propose a model that computes a representation and denotation for all question spans in a bottom-up, compositional manner using a CKY-style parser. Our model induces latent trees, driven by end-to-end (the answer) supervision only. We show that this inductive bias towards tree structures dramatically improves systematic generalization to out-of- distribution examples, compared to strong baselines on an arithmetic expressions benchmark as well as on C losure, a dataset that focuses on systematic generalization for grounded question answering. On this challenging dataset, our model reaches an accuracy of 96.1%, significantly higher than prior models that almost perfectly solve the task on a random, in-distribution split.
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FUREMS, E. M., O. I. LARICHEV, G. V. ROIZENSON, A. V. LOTOV, and K. MIETTINEN. "HUMAN BEHAVIOR IN A MULTI-CRITERIA CHOICE PROBLEM WITH INDIVIDUAL TASKS OF DIFFERENT DIFFICULTIES." International Journal of Information Technology & Decision Making 02, no. 01 (March 2003): 29–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219622003000501.
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This paper is devoted to a laboratory study of human behavior in a multi-criteria choice problem. The specific feature of the experimental study is the creation of an individually adjusted instance of a general task for each subject in accordance with his/her preferences over each criterion. Human behavior is studied in a specially constructed choice situation based on the decomposition of the alternatives of a multi-criteria problem. The procedure is based on multiple steps of pair-wise comparisons involving only some (two or three) of the original components of the alternatives. Abilities of subjects to use such comparisons and to answer the questions in a logical way are tested. The experiment was carried out in two countries: Finland and Russia.
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Gaffield, Chad. "Mindset and Guidelines: Insights to Enhance Collaborative, Campus-wide, Cross-sectoral Digital Humanities Initiatives." International Journal of Humanities and Arts Computing 10, no. 1 (March 2016): 8–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/ijhac.2016.0156.
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At the heart of the emergence and development of the Digital Humanities has been the potential to move beyond the out-dated epistemological and metaphysical dichotomies of the later 20th century including quantitative-qualitative, pure-applied, and campus-community. Despite significant steps forward, this potential has been only partially realized as illustrated by DH pioneer Edward L. Ayers’ recent question, ‘Does Digital Scholarship have a future?’ As a way to think through current challenges and opportunities, this paper reflects on the building and initial use of the Canadian Century Research Infrastructure (CCRI). As one of the largest projects in the history of the social sciences and humanities, CCRI enables research on the making of modern Canada by offering complex databases that cover the first half of the twentieth century. Built by scholars from multiple disciplines from coast-to-coast and in collaboration with government agencies and the private sector, CCRI team members came to grips with key DH questions especially those faced by interdisciplinary, multi-institutional, cross-sectoral and internationally-connected initiatives. Thinking through this experience does not generate simple recipes or lessons-learned but does offer promising practices as well as new questions for future scholarly consideration.
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Burckhardt, Marion, Brigitte Nink-Grebe, and Andreas Maier-Hasselmann. "Towards User-Oriented Recommendations for Local Therapy of Leg and Foot Ulcers—An Update of a S3-German Guideline." Medical Sciences 9, no. 3 (August 11, 2021): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medsci9030054.
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Background: The German S3- guideline on local therapy of leg ulcers and diabetic foot ulcers is in the process of being updated. Major goals are to improve the guidelines’ applicability and to take steps towards a living guideline according to current methodological standards. The aim of this article is to describe the main measures to achieve these goals. Methods: The context of the guideline in the field of local wound care and the stakeholder requirements are briefly described. Based on a derived framework, the project team adjusted the methods for the guideline. Results: Main adjustments are more specific inclusion criteria, online consensus meetings and the use of an authoring and publication platform to provide information in a multi-layered format. A new set of practice-oriented key questions were defined by the guideline panel to foster the formulation of action-oriented recommendations. Conclusions: The set of new key questions addressing practical problems and patients’ preferences as well as the adjustments made to improve not only the guidelines’ applicability, but also the feasibility of the further dynamic updating processes in the sense of a living guideline, should be steps in the right direction.
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Son, Le, Nakul Pritam, Manju Khari, Raghvendra Kumar, Pham Phuong, and Pham Thong. "Empirical Study of Software Defect Prediction: A Systematic Mapping." Symmetry 11, no. 2 (February 13, 2019): 212. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym11020212.
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Software defect prediction has been one of the key areas of exploration in the domain of software quality. In this paper, we perform a systematic mapping to analyze all the software defect prediction literature available from 1995 to 2018 using a multi-stage process. A total of 156 studies are selected in the first step, and the final mapping is conducted based on these studies. The ability of a model to learn from data that does not come from the same project or organization will help organizations that do not have sufficient training data or are going to start work on new projects. The findings of this research are useful not only to the software engineering domain, but also to the empirical studies, which mainly focus on symmetry as they provide steps-by-steps solutions for questions raised in the article.
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Brack, André, Pascale Ehrenfreund, Günter von Kiedrowski, Helmut Lammer, Daniel Prieur, Ewa Szuszkiewicz, and Frances Westall. "EANA trail guide in astrobiology: search for a second genesis of life." International Journal of Astrobiology 4, no. 3-4 (October 2005): 195–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1473550405002740.
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The European Astrobiology Network Association (EANA) coordinates and promotes astrobiology in the 17 European countries that are member of the organization. Astrobiology includes the study of the origin, evolution and distribution of life in the Universe. It is a multi-disciplinary science that encompasses the disciplines of chemistry, biology, palaeontology, geology, atmospheric physics, planetary physics and stellar physics. The open questions to be addressed and the steps ahead in cosmochemistry, star and planet formation, the chemistry of life's origin, the study of bacterial life as a reference and the search for habitats and biosignatures beyond the Earth are presented.
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Sandwith, Siara N., Michael A. Reisinger, Emily S. Schmidt, Destinee W. Saunders, Adam E. Richardson, Antonio E. Chambers, Melissa A. Smaldino, and Philip J. Smaldino. "Multi-view Protocols." American Biology Teacher 82, no. 9 (November 2020): 624–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/abt.2020.82.9.624.
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We present a novel adaptation of a typical science laboratory protocol, which we have termed multi-view protocols (MVPs). The purpose of MVPs is to answer and link three common questions asked by students when first learning a laboratory technique: (1) What am I supposed to do? (2) Where and how am I supposed to do it? (3) What exactly am I doing, anyway? The intent of MVPs is to facilitate parallel comprehension of both the physical “movements” of a technique and the theoretical principles behind each step of a protocol. With MVPs, we achieve this through three parallel columns that include a textual description of the protocol, photographs of the protocol being performed in the laboratory space, and an illustrative column that visually depicts the molecular details of the corresponding steps. Variations of MVPs may include having students create one or more of the parallel columns themselves. In the age of near ubiquitous high-resolution camera phones, MVPs are a practical and efficient way to simultaneously teach laboratory method and theory, adaptable to nearly any laboratory protocol.
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Poulain, Bernard, and Michel Popoff. "Why Are Botulinum Neurotoxin-Producing Bacteria So Diverse and Botulinum Neurotoxins So Toxic?" Toxins 11, no. 1 (January 11, 2019): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins11010034.
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Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) are the most lethal toxins among all bacterial, animal, plant and chemical poisonous compounds. Although a great effort has been made to understand their mode of action, some questions are still open. Why, and for what benefit, have environmental bacteria that accidentally interact with their host engineered so diverse and so specific toxins targeting one of the most specialized physiological processes, the neuroexocytosis of higher organisms? The extreme potency of BoNT does not result from only one hyperactive step, but in contrast to other potent lethal toxins, from multi-step activity. The cumulative effects of the different steps, each having a limited effect, make BoNTs the most potent lethal toxins. This is a unique mode of evolution of a toxic compound, the high potency of which results from multiple steps driven by unknown selection pressure, targeting one of the most critical physiological process of higher organisms.
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Савельев, Ю., Yu Savel'ev, Е. Бабич, and E. Babich. "Computer Method for Learning of Descriptive Geometry. Technical Task." Geometry & Graphics 6, no. 1 (April 25, 2018): 67–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/article_5ad09d62e8a792.47611365.
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Descriptive geometry, whose subject of study is three-dimensional real and imaginary objects, is available for a specific method both of knowledge deepening and gained knowledge control. Thus apart from visualization of graphic constructions is available a strictly logical sequence of their execution. Using a graphical editor instead of a ruler and compass not only and not so much facilitates routine operations for construction of circles, parallel and perpendicular lines, but allows literally touch geometric images. Choice of one of three methods such as construction, transformation or intermediaries ones, allows a student under testing not only to respond a specific question, but also to choose a more suitable way to solve this problem. Has been presented the description of computer program that allows quickly solve course problems with the prompt, if necessary. Other modes make it possible to exercise self-control or final control of gained knowledge. The program interface is multi-window structure enabling in sequence, on proposed 4–7 steps, solve a problem in the animation mode. A program feature is the absence of false (harmful for the study) questions as options. The right questions of another stage are used as alternative. When the answer to the question is wrong, than the principle of return is used. Have been offered stages and questions for solution of one of typical problems with illustration of a possible computer algorithm. Has been presented a help page variant. A set of tasks, covering the entire course of descriptive geometry, has been presented for a discussion. It has been noted that the described program’s pilot variant was developed and successfully implemented in educational process with use of all formulated principles and modes, including animation and the choice of points coordinates by the random number method.
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Hartnett, Mary Joanie, Ann McCoy, Rahila Weed, and Nicole Nickens. "A Work in Progress." Educational Renaissance 3, no. 1 (December 29, 2014): 33–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.33499/edren.v3i1.81.
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Colleagues at a midwestern university implemented a multi-semester co-teaching pilot for student teaching, and based on the data collected, are moving toward full implementation in the spring of 2015 for all pre-service teachers in the College of Education (COE). Part of the study replicated work conducted by St. Cloud University (Bacharach & Heck, 2011) and utilized that university’s evaluation instruments. However, the lessons learned in the pilot reveal some of the still “unanswered” questions as to how to ensure the quality and effectiveness of the co-teaching model during student teaching. Researchers share results and insights, and suggest action steps for full implementation of the co-teaching model.
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Mole, Paulina Nelce, Rambu Ririnsia Harra Hau, and Agustina Elizabeth. "Multi Representation Ability of Students in Solving Physics Problems on Straight Motion." Variabel 5, no. 1 (April 30, 2022): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.26737/var.v5i1.2592.
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<em>This study aims to describe the students' multi representation abilities in solving descriptive questions on straight motion material. This was qualitative research with an analytic descriptive approach. The subjects of this study were three physics teachers and twenty-five students of class X MIA SMA Negeri 1 Maumere. The data used in this study were evaluation questions, physical evaluation scores, student worksheets on evaluation questions and interview results. The data collection techniques used in this study were as follows: Documentation and in-depth interviews. For qualitative research data to be accounted for as scientific research, In this study, using triangulation techniques, checking data to the same source with different techniques, namely the results of observations, students' answers, and in-depth interviews. Data analysis techniques used in this study were grounded theory. The steps of grounded theory were: creating categories for the information obtained (open coding), selecting one of the categories and placing it in a theoretical model (axial coding), and then compiling a story of the relationship between these categories (selective coding). The results showed that students tend to use the same representation, such as verbal 12.5%, mathematical 87.5%, while graphics and pictures were 0%. For each category, students: (a) in the low category received a mathematical representation score of 73.81% and verbal representation was 83.3%, (b) in the moderate category received a verbal representation score of 85% and mathematically 83.06% (c) in the high category obtained a verbal representation score of 83.3% and mathematics 90.47%.</em>
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Mole, Paulina Nelce, Rambu Ririnsia Harra Hau, and Agustina Elizabeth. "Multi Representation Ability of Students in Solving Physics Problems on Straight Motion." Variabel 5, no. 1 (April 30, 2022): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.26737/var.v5i1.2592.
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<em>This study aims to describe the students' multi representation abilities in solving descriptive questions on straight motion material. This was qualitative research with an analytic descriptive approach. The subjects of this study were three physics teachers and twenty-five students of class X MIA SMA Negeri 1 Maumere. The data used in this study were evaluation questions, physical evaluation scores, student worksheets on evaluation questions and interview results. The data collection techniques used in this study were as follows: Documentation and in-depth interviews. For qualitative research data to be accounted for as scientific research, In this study, using triangulation techniques, checking data to the same source with different techniques, namely the results of observations, students' answers, and in-depth interviews. Data analysis techniques used in this study were grounded theory. The steps of grounded theory were: creating categories for the information obtained (open coding), selecting one of the categories and placing it in a theoretical model (axial coding), and then compiling a story of the relationship between these categories (selective coding). The results showed that students tend to use the same representation, such as verbal 12.5%, mathematical 87.5%, while graphics and pictures were 0%. For each category, students: (a) in the low category received a mathematical representation score of 73.81% and verbal representation was 83.3%, (b) in the moderate category received a verbal representation score of 85% and mathematically 83.06% (c) in the high category obtained a verbal representation score of 83.3% and mathematics 90.47%.</em>
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Sartore-Bianchi, A., R. Ricotta, G. Cerea, M. R. Maugeri, and S. Siena. "Rationale and Clinical Results of Multi-target Treatments in Oncology." International Journal of Biological Markers 22, no. 1_suppl4 (January 2007): 77–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/17246008070221s410.
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During the last 10 years, the concept of targeted biological therapy for the treatment of cancer has emerged. Targeted agents entered clinical practice only recently, and the first drugs with demonstrated clinical efficacy were mainly inhibitors of the ErbB family of receptors (i.e., EGFR and HER-2), either monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) or tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). After the proof of concept for the clinical efficacy and tolerability of these selective agents, it was conceived that most tumors will depend on more than one signaling pathway for their growth and survival. As a consequence, different strategies were pursued to inhibit multiple signaling pathways or multiple steps in the same pathway, either by the development of multi-targeted agents or the combination of single targeted drugs. The recent FDA and EMEA approval of sorafenib and sunitinib, both multi-targeted TKIs, marked the coming of age of this new generation of drugs. Now a whole new wave of multi-targeted compounds is moving into clinical trials, raising in the minds of investigators important questions about the best strategies to pursue in their use and many doubts about their differences and the seeming redundancies in the pipelines of pharmaceutical companies. This review will deal with the rationale underlying the multi-targeted approach and with the available clinical experience with multi-targeted agents, especially focusing on molecules with anti-EGFR mechanisms of action.
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Rafiee, Mahmoud, and Narges Saeidian Khorasgani. "RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT AND PSYCHOLOGICAL EMPOWERMENT WITH TEACHERS' CREATIVITY." International Journal of Management, Innovation & Entrepreneurial Research 4, no. 1 (March 31, 2018): 05–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.18510/ijmier.2018.412.
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Purpose: The present study aimed at investigating the relationship between knowledge management and psychological empowering with teachers' creativity in a descriptive correlational method in Isfahan in 2015.
Methodology: The statistical population included all teachers teaching at a 1st grade of boyish high schools of Isfahan city (774 teachers) out of which 256 persons were chosen through multi-steps accidental sampling using Corcoran method. Research instruments contained 3 questionnaires of knowledge management of Patrick and Sonia (2009) with 38 questions, questionnaire of psychological empowerment by Spritizer (1996) with 15 questions and creativity questionnaire of Tierney et al. (1999) having 9 questions based on Likert's 5-item scale. In order to examine the justifiability of questionnaires. Stability of this questionnaire was examined using Cronbach's Alpha, which was 0.90, 0.80and 0.83 for management, psychological empowerment, and creativity respectively. In order to analyze data, we used a descriptive statistic (frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation) and influential statistic (Pearson correlational coefficient, multi-step regression and variance analytic test).
Main Findings: Findings of this study showed that there exists a positive, meaningful relationship between two predicting a variable of knowledge management (r꞊ 0.382) and all its dimensions and also psychological empowerment (r꞊0.136) and its affectivity dimension with creativity.(p<0.05).
Implications: Results of this study can help education administrator to streamline teacher’s activity in higher education institutions.
Originality: This study is first of its kind in researching relationship between knowledge management and psychological empowerment with teachers' creativity in Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran.
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Vassallo, Daniel, Raghavendra Krishnamurthy, Thomas Sherman, and Harindra J. S. Fernando. "Analysis of Random Forest Modeling Strategies for Multi-Step Wind Speed Forecasting." Energies 13, no. 20 (October 20, 2020): 5488. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13205488.
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Although the random forest (RF) model is a powerful machine learning tool that has been utilized in many wind speed/power forecasting studies, there has been no consensus on optimal RF modeling strategies. This study investigates three basic questions which aim to assist in the discernment and quantification of the effects of individual model properties, namely: (1) using a standalone RF model versus using RF as a correction mechanism for the persistence approach, (2) utilizing a recursive versus direct multi-step forecasting strategy, and (3) training data availability on model forecasting accuracy from one to six hours ahead. These questions are investigated utilizing data from the FINO1 offshore platform and Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Southern Great Plains (SGP) C1 site, and testing results are compared to the persistence method. At FINO1, due to the presence of multiple wind farms and high inter-annual variability, RF is more effective as an error-correction mechanism for the persistence approach. The direct forecasting strategy is seen to slightly outperform the recursive strategy, specifically for forecasts three or more steps ahead. Finally, increased data availability (up to ∼8 equivalent years of hourly training data) appears to continually improve forecasting accuracy, although changing environmental flow patterns have the potential to negate such improvement. We hope that the findings of this study will assist future researchers and industry professionals to construct accurate, reliable RF models for wind speed forecasting.
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Asafo-Adjei, Ramos. "Benchmarking of the English Language Component of the Mature Students’ Entrance Examinations in Ghana against the WASSCE English Language Component." Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences 12, no. 4 (July 8, 2021): 164. http://dx.doi.org/10.36941/mjss-2021-0037.
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This paper was purposed on benchmarking the English language component of the Mature Students’ Entrance Examinations (MSEE) (administered in Ghana by universities to select undergraduate candidates) to the English language component of the West African Senior School Certificate Examination (WASSCE) which constitutes the mainstream Ghanaian university undergraduate entrance examination. The qualitative design (specifically, multiple case study design) was employed for this study. Using the multi-stage sampling technique, six Ghanaian universities (from whom eighteen English language component of the MSEE past questions were elicited) and three sets of the WASSCE English language component past questions administered in 2016, 2017 and 2018) were used for the study. O’Leary’s (2014) eight steps of conducting document analysis were used to analyse the data. The study revealed that there are major mismatches between the two sets of examinations in the areas of the test types, the basic language skills tested and the competences tested. The study advanced, to policy makers, suggestions such as testing Speaking and Listening for the improvement of the two sets of examinations. Received: 2 May 2021 / Accepted: 15 June 2021 / Published: 8 July 2021
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White, Marvin H., Yu (Richard) Wang, Stephen J. Wrazien, and Yijie (Sandy) Zhao. "ADVANCEMENTS IN NANOELECTRONIC SONOS NONVOLATILE SEMICONDUCTOR MEMORY (NVSM) DEVICES AND TECHNOLOGY." International Journal of High Speed Electronics and Systems 16, no. 02 (June 2006): 479–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129156406003801.
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This paper describes the recent advancements in the development of nanoelectronic SONOS nonvolatile semiconductor memory (NVSM) devices and technology, which are employed in both embedded applications, such as microcontrollers, and 'stand-alone', high-density, memory applications, such as cell phones and memory 'sticks'. Multi-dielectric devices, such as the MNOS devices, were among the first NVSM; however, over the ensuing years the double polysilicon, floating-gate device has become the dominant semiconductor NVSM technology. Today, however, questions arise as to future scaling and cost effectiveness of floating gate technology – questions, which have sparked renewed interest in SONOS technology. The latter offers a single polysilicon device structure with reduced lithography steps together with compact cell layouts - compatible with 'standard' CMOS technology for cost effectiveness. In addition, SONOS technology offers performance features, such as reduced erase and write voltage levels to ease the design of peripheral memory circuits with a decrease in electric fields and localized charge storage for improved reliability and multi-bit storage, and ease of memory testing. A special feature of SONOS technology is radiation hardness, which makes this technology ideal for advanced Space and Military systems. SONOS devices use ultra-thin tunnel oxides (2nm) and operate with 'modified' Fowler-Nordheim and 'direct' tunneling in both erase and write (program) modes. A thicker tunnel oxide SONOS device (5nm), called the NROM™ device, uses 'hot electron injection for programming and 'hot hole band-to-band tunneling' for erase. The NROM™ device provides spatially isolated, two-bit storage with the possibility of multi-level charge (MLC) storage at each bit location. This paper describes the physical electronics for these device structures and their erase/write, retention and endurance characteristics. In addition, several novel SONOS device structures are discussed as potential candidates for future NVSM.
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KRYUKOVA, ELENA S., VLADIMIR V. TKACHENKO, ANTON V. MIKHAILICHENKO, and IGOR B. PARASHCHUK. "QUESTIONS OF RELIABILITY ASSESSMENT OF MODERN DATA STORAGE SYSTEMS FOR MOBILE DATA CENTERS." H&ES Research 13, no. 5 (2021): 86–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.36724/2409-5419-2021-13-5-86-95.
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Introduction: the review is conducted in the field of modern approaches to the creation and improvement of methods for assessing the reliability of data storage systems of mobile data centers designed for the continuous provision of a high-quality set of basic and additional information services. At the same time, services are provided to consumers in any place of their location, where typical data centers solve not only the tasks of building the information infrastructure of organizations, departments and individual large enterprises, but also tasks focused on ensuring the information security of these infrastructures. The goals and objectives of data storage systems as the technological basis of mobile data centers, the features of architectures, technologies and conditions for their construction and operation are summarized and systematized. The reliability indicators of data storage systems are studied and formulated, the role and place of reliability assessment tasks are investigated. The relevance of ensuring the accuracy and multi-criteria reliability assessment in the interests of decision making support for the design and construction of data storage systems is justified. The subject of the study is the reliability of data storage systems as a set of interconnected components (channels, switches, blade servers, disks, disk arrays, and libraries), as well as the conditions for designing and building systems of this class that affect their reliability. Purpose: analysis of existing and development of new scientific and methodological tools and software for assessing the reliability of mobile data center data storage systems to ensure reliable and multi-criteria (taking into account the variety of components and interaction schemes) analysis of the reliability of both storage systems themselves and mobile data centers as a whole. Results: a method for analyzing the reliability of data storage systems for mobile data centers, consisting of a number of sequential steps, is proposed. The method and algorithm of its implementation are based on the logical-probabilistic approach to reliability assessment, are simple in software implementation and rational in terms of efficiency and computational complexity. Practical relevance: the presented approach allows us to formulate reliability indicators and evaluate the reliability of complex structures of data storage systems. A practical software implementation in C++ in the Visual Studio development environment has been implemented. The results of a computational experiment are obtained, which can serve as input data when making a decision on the choice of storage systems at the stages of design, project approval, replacement or update of data storage systems for mobile data centers.
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Nyman, Elin, Yvonne J. W. Rozendaal, Gabriel Helmlinger, Bengt Hamrén, Maria C. Kjellsson, Peter Strålfors, Natal A. W. van Riel, Peter Gennemark, and Gunnar Cedersund. "Requirements for multi-level systems pharmacology models to reach end-usage: the case of type 2 diabetes." Interface Focus 6, no. 2 (April 6, 2016): 20150075. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsfs.2015.0075.
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We are currently in the middle of a major shift in biomedical research: unprecedented and rapidly growing amounts of data may be obtained today, from in vitro , in vivo and clinical studies, at molecular, physiological and clinical levels. To make use of these large-scale, multi-level datasets, corresponding multi-level mathematical models are needed, i.e. models that simultaneously capture multiple layers of the biological, physiological and disease-level organization (also referred to as quantitative systems pharmacology—QSP—models). However, today's multi-level models are not yet embedded in end-usage applications, neither in drug research and development nor in the clinic. Given the expectations and claims made historically, this seemingly slow adoption may seem surprising. Therefore, we herein consider a specific example—type 2 diabetes—and critically review the current status and identify key remaining steps for these models to become mainstream in the future. This overview reveals how, today, we may use models to ask scientific questions concerning, e.g., the cellular origin of insulin resistance, and how this translates to the whole-body level and short-term meal responses. However, before these multi-level models can become truly useful, they need to be linked with the capabilities of other important existing models, in order to make them ‘personalized’ (e.g. specific to certain patient phenotypes) and capable of describing long-term disease progression. To be useful in drug development, it is also critical that the developed models and their underlying data and assumptions are easily accessible. For clinical end-usage, in addition, model links to decision-support systems combined with the engagement of other disciplines are needed to create user-friendly and cost-efficient software packages.
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Horgan, Denis, Dagmar Führer-Sakel, Paula Soares, Clara V. Alvarez, Laura Fugazzola, Romana T. Netea-Maier, Barbara Jarzab, et al. "Tackling Thyroid Cancer in Europe—The Challenges and Opportunities." Healthcare 10, no. 9 (August 25, 2022): 1621. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10091621.
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Thyroid cancer (TC) is the most common malignancy of the endocrine system that affects the thyroid gland. It is usually treatable and, in most cases, curable. The central issues are how to improve knowledge on TC, to accurately identify cases at an early stage that can benefit from effective intervention, optimise therapy, and reduce the risk of overdiagnosis and unnecessary treatment. Questions remain about management, about treating all patients in referral centres, and about which treatment should be proposed to any individual patient and how this can be optimised. The European Alliance for Personalised Medicine (EAPM) hosted an expert panel discussion to elucidate some of the challenges, and to identify possible steps towards effective responses at the EU and member state level, particularly in the context of the opportunities in the European Union’s evolving initiatives—notably its Beating Cancer Plan, its Cancer Mission, and its research funding programmes. Recommendations emerging from the panel focus on improved infrastructure and funding, and on promoting multi-stakeholder collaboration between national and European initiatives to complement, support, and mutually reinforce efforts to improve patient care.
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Hornburg, Caroline Byrd, Giulia A. Borriello, Melody Kung, Joyce Lin, Ellen Litkowski, Jimena Cosso, Alexa Ellis, et al. "Next directions in measurement of the home mathematics environment: An international and interdisciplinary perspective." Journal of Numerical Cognition 7, no. 2 (July 23, 2021): 195–220. http://dx.doi.org/10.5964/jnc.6143.
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This article synthesizes findings from an international virtual conference, funded by the United States National Science Foundation, focused on the home mathematics environment (HME). In light of inconsistencies and gaps in research investigating relations between the HME and children’s outcomes, the purpose of the conference was to discuss actionable steps and considerations for future work. The conference was composed of international researchers with a wide range of expertise and backgrounds. Presentations and discussions during the conference centered broadly on the need to better operationalize and measure the HME as a construct—focusing on issues related to child, family, and community factors, country and cultural factors, and the cognitive and affective characteristics of caregivers and children. Results of the conference and a subsequent writing workshop include a synthesis of core questions and key considerations for the field of research on the HME. Findings highlight the need for the field at large to use multi-method measurement approaches to capture nuances in the HME, and to do so with increased international and interdisciplinary collaboration, open science practices, and communication among scholars.
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Fatihah, Jihan Assyifa, Tuszie Widhiyanti, Sri Mulyani, Wiji Wiji, and Galuh Yuliani. "Design of Science Process Skill-Based Intertextual Learning on Reaction Kinetics Concept." JTK (Jurnal Tadris Kimiya) 7, no. 2 (December 31, 2022): 190–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.15575/jtk.v7i2.20883.
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The study aims to design an intertextual learning strategy with Predict-observe-explain (POE) to develop students' science process skills. The research method is Research and Development (R&D) consist of material analysis, developing indicators of science process skills, and developing learning designs. The learning design was validated by five experts. Based on experts’ suggestion, intertextual-based learning activities involving three levels of chemical representation with POE learning steps to build the concept of the effect of the nature of the reactant and catalyst on reaction rates and develop students' science process skills. The strategy consists of five phenomena which are followed by three experiments and two videos as observation tools for the student. The explanation stages are guided by sets of guiding questions that involve multi-representation levels in that explanation. The product of this research is expected to be used as an alternative learning strategy that can be used by teachers to minimize the possibility of misconceptions that occur, increase mastery of concepts, and students' science process skills.
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Siksnelyte-Butkiene, Indre, Dalia Streimikiene, Tomas Balezentis, and Virgilijus Skulskis. "A Systematic Literature Review of Multi-Criteria Decision-Making Methods for Sustainable Selection of Insulation Materials in Buildings." Sustainability 13, no. 2 (January 14, 2021): 737. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13020737.
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The European Commission has recently adopted the Renovation Wave Strategy, aiming at the improvement of the energy performance of buildings. The strategy aims to at least double renovation rates in the next ten years and make sure that renovations lead to higher energy and resource efficiency. The choice of appropriate thermal insulation materials is one of the simplest and, at the same time, the most popular strategies that effectively reduce the energy demand of buildings. Today, the spectrum of insulation materials is quite wide, and each material has its own specific characteristics. It is recognized that the selection of materials is one of the most challenging and difficult steps of a building project. This paper aims to give an in-depth view of existing multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) applications for the selection of insulation materials and to provide major insights in order to simplify the process of methods and criteria selection for future research. A systematic literature review is performed based on the Search, Appraisal, Synthesis and Analysis (SALSA) framework and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement. In order to determine which MCDM method is the most appropriate for different questions, the main advantages and disadvantages of different methods are provided.
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Fraser, Iain J., Julia Schwarzkopf, and Martin Müller. "Exploring Supplier Sustainability Audit Standards: Potential for and Barriers to Standardization." Sustainability 12, no. 19 (October 6, 2020): 8223. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12198223.
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Global focal companies are increasingly required and expected to monitor the sustainability risks and activities in their supply chains, which has resulted in increasing supplier sustainability audit activity and growth in the number of sustainability initiatives/associations. While common, shared audit standards were originally conceived to reduce audit fatigue; with overlapping and converging supply chains there could be a need for cross-recognition or standardisation of supplier audit standards. This research aims to provide empirically grounded insight into sustainability audit activity, audit processes and standards for suppliers and the extent to which they overlap. Audit standards employed by eight multi-brand, voluntary sustainability initiatives/associations, focusing on supply chain sustainability (SMETA, PSCI, ICTI, FWF, ASI, JAC, amforiBSCI and RBA) were inductively analysed. This research compares the audit processes and standards, detecting common audit categories, analysing points of overlap and difference. We find empirical evidence of significant growth in supplier sustainability audit activity. We also find overlap among the standards in terms of audit process and steps, as well as at the level of audit focus categories. Deeper analysis reveals large differences at the granular level in terms of questions asked to assess specific topics. We conclude that there is potential for standardisation and cross-recognition but that significant barriers to agreement at the level of audit questions and how topics are evaluated remain. This research provides a first empirical overview of this important tool and its application in various industries for sustainable supply chain management.
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Amaneddine, Sarah, Tyler Heise, Jill Zheng, William Wong, Shuonan Pei, and Carrie Demmans Epp. "A Reading Tutor for Low-Literacy Adults." Alberta Academic Review 2, no. 2 (September 10, 2019): 5–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.29173/aar38.
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According to the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), the mean proficiency in literacy among adults in the US and Canada is at Level 2. Adults at this level cannot process dense texts, eliminate irrelevant information, perform multi-step operations, or evaluate the reliability of a source. The Reading Tutor is a website that was created to help low-literacy adults improve their English. It will be free to use the website that is personalized to the literacy level of every user. Creating a website allows people to increase their literacy levels without facing the stigma that comes with attending a class in person. Adults are inclined to improve their English because it often affects their career potential, socio-economic status, and health. The Reading Tutor has two major components: the passages and the scenarios. Passages are stories that the user can read and answer questions about. Scenarios are plots with questions that the user must answer to move on. In recent work, the information for each scenario was organized into spreadsheets to simplify the process of entering data into the code.
The system architecture consists of HTML, CSS, Javascript, MySQL, Python, and Django. The newest development in this project was the improvement of the user intake experience. Before starting the passages and scenarios, the website collects information from each adult. The user "interests" pages are the latest additions to the site and these pages ask about the user’s hobbies. That data will then be used to incorporate their interests into later questions. It was important to add this feature to the website because relevance is a motivator for the user demographic. The next steps for the website are to log the user’s interests into the database. Future enhancements also include the creation of more scenarios to accommodate to the different user interests.
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Ritschl, Valentin, Tanja A. Stamm, Daniel Aletaha, Johannes W. J. Bijlsma, Peter Böhm, Razvan Dragoi, Emma Dures, et al. "Prevention, screening, assessing and managing of non-adherent behaviour in people with rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases: systematic reviews informing the 2020 EULAR points to consider." RMD Open 6, no. 3 (November 2020): e001432. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/rmdopen-2020-001432.
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ObjectiveTo analyse how non-adherence to prescribed treatments might be prevented, screened, assessed and managed in people with rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases (RMDs).MethodsAn overview of systematic reviews (SR) was performed in four bibliographic databases. Research questions focused on: (1) effective interventions or strategies, (2) associated factors, (3) impact of shared decision making and effective communication, (4) practical things to prevent non-adherence, (5) effect of non-adherence on outcome, (6) screening and assessment tools and (7) responsible healthcare providers. The methodological quality of the reviews was assessed using AMSTAR-2. The qualitative synthesis focused on results and on the level of evidence attained from the studies included in the reviews.ResultsAfter reviewing 9908 titles, the overview included 38 SR on medication, 29 on non-pharmacological interventions and 28 on assessment. Content and quality of the included SR was very heterogeneous. The number of factors that may influence adherence exceed 700. Among 53 intervention studies, 54.7% showed a small statistically significant effect on adherence, and all three multicomponent interventions, including different modes of patient education and delivered by a variety of healthcare providers, showed a positive result in adherence to medication. No single assessment provided a comprehensive measure of adherence to either medication or exercise.ConclusionsThe results underscore the complexity of non-adherence, its changing pattern and dependence on multi-level factors, the need to involve all stakeholders in all steps, the absence of a gold standard for screening and the requirement of multi-component interventions to manage it.
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Fakhrurrozi, Hatta, and Fikri Hamdani. "QUALITY MANAGEMENT OF LEARNING AS AN EFFORT TO INCREASE SCHOOL ACCREDITATION VALUE DURING THE PANDEMIC." Paedagogia: Jurnal Pendidikan 11, no. 2 (September 20, 2022): 243–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.24239/pdg.vol11.iss2.320.
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This research was inspired by the phenomenon of the COVID-19 pandemic and the continuity of learning in remote schools, which was related to an increase in school accreditation. This type of research is qualitative and uses a naturalistic approach. This multi-site research examines two schools, SMPN 3 Satap Banawa Tengah and SMPN 11 Satap Palolo. The focus of this research is to find out the practice of quality management of education in both schools to answer the research questions as: 1) management of the learning process during a pandemic; 2) correlation of learning process management with school accreditation. Research data was collected using structured interviews, observation, and documentation. The data was analyzed using data reduction, presentation, and triangulation. This study found that quality management of the learning process was consistently carried out at the school during the pandemic. Both schools have implemented limited semi-online learning. Limited semi-online learning has similarities with other online learning but also has differences in implementation aspects. The second finding, every step taken by the principal in managing the learning process, refers to the accreditation guidelines that the ministry of education and culture has set. The analysis is carried out by critiquing each question item in the accreditation guidelines and is adjusted to the steps taken by the school. In practice, it's hard for schools to meet some of the accreditation requirements. However, in terms of the formal parts of the learning process, every step schools have taken has met the criteria set by the ministry of education.
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Mohamed, Emad, and Sayed A. Mostafa. "Computing Happiness from Textual Data." Stats 2, no. 3 (July 3, 2019): 347–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/stats2030025.
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In this paper, we use a corpus of about 100,000 happy moments written by people of different genders, marital statuses, parenthood statuses, and ages to explore the following questions: Are there differences between men and women, married and unmarried individuals, parents and non-parents, and people of different age groups in terms of their causes of happiness and how they express happiness? Can gender, marital status, parenthood status and/or age be predicted from textual data expressing happiness? The first question is tackled in two steps: first, we transform the happy moments into a set of topics, lemmas, part of speech sequences, and dependency relations; then, we use each set as predictors in multi-variable binary and multinomial logistic regressions to rank these predictors in terms of their influence on each outcome variable (gender, marital status, parenthood status and age). For the prediction task, we use character, lexical, grammatical, semantic, and syntactic features in a machine learning document classification approach. The classification algorithms used include logistic regression, gradient boosting, and fastText. Our results show that textual data expressing moments of happiness can be quite beneficial in understanding the “causes of happiness” for different social groups, and that social characteristics like gender, marital status, parenthood status, and, to some extent age, can be successfully predicted form such textual data. This research aims to bring together elements from philosophy and psychology to be examined by computational corpus linguistics methods in a way that promotes the use of Natural Language Processing for the Humanities.
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Baketarić, Mihael, Marjan Mernik, and Tomaž Kosar. "Attraction Basins in Metaheuristics: A Systematic Mapping Study." Mathematics 9, no. 23 (November 26, 2021): 3036. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math9233036.
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Context: In this study, we report on a Systematic Mapping Study (SMS) for attraction basins in the domain of metaheuristics. Objective: To identify research trends, potential issues, and proposed solutions on attraction basins in the field of metaheuristics. Research goals were inspired by the previous paper, published in 2021, where attraction basins were used to measure exploration and exploitation. Method: We conducted the SMS in the following steps: Defining research questions, conducting the search in the ISI Web of Science and Scopus databases, full-text screening, iterative forward and backward snowballing (with ongoing full-text screening), classifying, and data extraction. Results: Attraction basins within discrete domains are understood far better than those within continuous domains. Attraction basins on dynamic problems have hardly been investigated. Multi-objective problems are investigated poorly in both domains, although slightly more often within a continuous domain. There is a lack of parallel and scalable algorithms to compute attraction basins and a general framework that would unite all different definitions/implementations used for attraction basins. Conclusions: Findings regarding attraction basins in the field of metaheuristics reveal that the concept alone is poorly exploited, as well as identify open issues where researchers may improve their research.
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KRYUKOVA, ELENA S., VALERY A. MALOFEEV, and IGOR B. PARASHCHUK. "QUESTIONS OF CYBER HYGIENE FOR USERS AND OPERATORS OF THE AUTOMATED MANAGEMENT SYSTEM OF THE ELECTRONIC LIBRARY." H&ES Research 13, no. 2 (2021): 66–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.36724/2409-5419-2021-13-2-66-73.
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Introduction: a review of modern approaches to the creation and improvement of information systems such as "electronic library" is conducted. The goals and objectives of electronic libraries, the peculiarities of their functioning conditions are summarized and systematized. The role and place of the automated electronic library management system, its goals, composition and functions are investigated. The relevance of ensuring the cybersecurity of electronic libraries and automated management systems is justified. The key concepts in the field of cybersecurity of electronic libraries are formulated. It is shown that it is possible to increase the effectiveness of cybersecurity measures by applying (in combination with traditional means of protection) the rules and procedures of cyber-hygiene of users and operators of an automated electronic library management system. The subject of the study is cyber hygiene, as a set of cybersecurity practices, a set of methods and precautions, as well as habits, knowledge and skills of protection that can significantly reduce the risks of cyber threats. Purpose: the purpose of the research is to analyze the existing and develop new areas of theoretical research and organizational and practical developments in the field of cyber hygiene of users and system administrators of the electronic library to ensure the cybersecurity of both the library itself and its automated management system. Results: the paper presents an approach to the analysis of the concepts of the physical essence of cyber hygiene, as an interconnected set of methods and practical steps that can and should be taken to maintain the system's performance and improve cybersecurity. The formulations of particular tasks of cyber-hygiene and possible ways of their solution, aimed at creating modern means and methods of protection of electronic libraries, are proposed. Practical relevance: the presented approach allows us to formulate and justify the directions for improving the effectiveness of cyber hygiene, as a multi-leve and multidimensional practice of performing everyday (sometimes routine) operations to prevent cyber threats. They will allow not only to prevent serious consequences of loss or modification of the collect ed, stored and processed information, but also to predict the risks of cybersecurity of electronic libraries.
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Kifouche, Abdessalam, and Abderrezak Guessoum. "Tracking times in temporal patterns embodied in intra-cortical data for controling neural prosthesis an animal simulation study." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 10, no. 5 (October 1, 2020): 4721. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v10i5.pp4721-4737.
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Brain-machines capture brain signals in order to restore communication and movement to disabled people who suffer from brain palsy or motor disorders. In brain regions, the ensemble firing of populations of neurons represents spatio-temporal patterns that are transformed into outgoing spatio-temporal patterns which encode complex cognitive task. This transformation is dynamic, non-stationary (time-varying) and highly nonlinear. Hence, modeling such complex biological patterns requires specific model structures to uncover the underlying physiological mechanisms and their influences on system behavior. In this study, a recent multi-electrode technology allows the record of the simultaneous neuron activities in behaving animals. Intra-cortical data are processed according to these steps: spike detection and sorting, than desired action extraction from the rate of the obtained signal. We focus on the following important questions about (i) the possibility of linking the brain signal time events with some time-delayed mapping tools; (ii) the use of some suitable inputs than others for the decoder; (iii) a consideration of separated data or a special representation founded on multi-dimensional statistics. This paper concentrates mostly on the analysis of parallel spike train when certain critical hypotheses are ignored by the data for the working method. We have made efforts to define explicitly whether the underlying hypotheses are actually achieved. In this paper, we propose an algorithm to define the embedded memory order of NARX recurrent neural networks to the hand trajectory tracking process. We also demonstrate that this algorithm can improve performance on inference tasks.
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Feucherolles, Maureen, Henry-Michel Cauchie, and Christian Penny. "MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry and Specific Biomarkers: Potential New Key for Swift Identification of Antimicrobial Resistance in Foodborne Pathogens." Microorganisms 7, no. 12 (November 21, 2019): 593. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms7120593.
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Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) is today the reference method for direct identification of microorganisms in diagnostic laboratories, as it is notably time- and cost-efficient. In the context of increasing cases of enteric diseases with emerging multi-drug resistance patterns, there is an urgent need to adopt an efficient workflow to characterize antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Current approaches, such as antibiograms, are time-consuming and directly impact the “patient-physician” workflow. Through this mini-review, we summarize how the detection of specific patterns by MALDI-TOF MS, as well as bioinformatics, become more and more essential in research, and how these approaches will help diagnostics in the future. Along the same lines, the idea to export more precise biomarker identification steps by MALDI-TOF(/TOF) MS data towards AMR identification pipelines is discussed. The study also critically points out that there is currently still a lack of research data and knowledge on different foodborne pathogens as well as several antibiotics families such as macrolides and quinolones, and many questions are still remaining. Finally, the innovative combination of whole-genome sequencing and MALDI-TOF MS could be soon the future for diagnosis of antimicrobial resistance in foodborne pathogens.
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Liu, Zhongwen, Li Wei, and Xia Gao. "A Study on Self-regulated Micro-course Learning and Implicitly Layered Flipped Classroom." Theory and Practice in Language Studies 6, no. 4 (April 5, 2016): 870. http://dx.doi.org/10.17507/tpls.0604.27.
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The paper firstly introduces the developing process of flipped classroom home and abroad, and then illustrates the connotations, models and practical strategies of micro-courses and flipped classroom. The highlight of the paper is in the third part which details how the study of self-regulated micro-course learning and implicitly layered flipped classroom designed and developed. To divide the students into five implicit layers and to upload five-levelled micro-courses and preview learning materials are two preparatory steps. In-class teaching tasks mainly cover providing the critical review of learning material and settling the common questions raised by QQ group members; asking the main points of the text to check preview effects; selecting different-layered students to play different roles in the scenario; consolidating new knowledge with exercises and giving assignments in the form of discussion, translation or writing. After teaching practice and feedback analysis, we can get the result that ILFC (implicitly layered flipped classroom) enables 80 percent of the students to take active part in teaching activities, especially in text analysis and theme discussion. Moreover, it promotes multi-dimension interaction and increases deep-levelled cooperation and understanding. English learning interests and learning atmosphere are simultaneously inspired and improved.
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Protassova, Ekaterina. "Multilingualism at an Early Age: Parents’ Views and Teachers’ Reflections." Education & Self Development 16, no. 1 (March 31, 2021): 93–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.26907/esd16.1.08.
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The questions of superdiversity, multiple identities and practices, language policy, multilingualism, plurilingualism, intercultural, minority and immigrants’ education in the pre-primary and primary classrooms are crucial for the current situation of the Russian language abroad. Teachers have to take into account linguistic and artistic resources and deploy special methodological repertoires. The aim of the present research is to show what main themes the parents and teachers of young multi-lingual children discuss and how to overcome difficulties in organizing multilingual education. Parents and teachers in four countries (Finland, France, Germany, Russia) answered the questionnaires about their attitudes towards bi-lingual education of pre-primary and primary children. In addition, the Internet discussions on the international platforms in the Russian language were analyzed. Participants characterized their experience, their family policy and the educational institutions that their children attend. Existing practices show that the variety of approaches to early bilingual education is limited through material and human resources and the children’s potential. The best results demand more input, devoted parents and educators, more money, strict rules of language use, and a true continuity of bilingualism as a goal in all steps of child development. The different effects of various approaches to education may lie, not only in the language itself, but also in its political and economic power and the cognitive effects of an early start.
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Lourenço, Rui Pedro, Suzanne Piotrowski, and Alex Ingrams. "Open data driven public accountability." Transforming Government: People, Process and Policy 11, no. 1 (March 20, 2017): 42–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/tg-12-2015-0050.
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Purpose This paper aims to analyse extant literature on open data, distinguish and categorize the strands of public accountability research and use the results to provide better clarity in the concept of open data-driven public accountability. Design/methodology/approach Systematic review of 135 open data articles and 155 accountability articles from the e-government reference library. A multi-stage analysis results in 12 articles which are categorized using Bovens’ (2007) accountability theory of information, discussion and consequences. Conceptual development, using the literature analysis, forms the final section of the paper. Findings Research demonstrates that a range of open data topics has been advanced. However, just 12 articles exist that simultaneously address open data and accountability theory. Of the total 155 public accountability articles, the preponderant focus is on the information (N = 25) and discussion (N = 7) stages of the accountability process. Just one article focuses on the complete accountability process. To address this problem, the characterization of open (government) data-driven public accountability establishes conceptual crispness and clarity. Originality/value Public accountability theory on open government has become overshadowed by social and economic value perspectives. This paper clarifies and advances the open data-driven public accountability perspective. It takes stock of public accountability research, delimits the key issues and questions and highlights the next steps needed for developing scholarship.
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DuBose, Joseph Jeremy. "Journal of Endovascular Resuscitation and Trauma Management: A timely endeavor." Journal of Endovascular Resuscitation and Trauma Management 1, no. 1 (August 31, 2017): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.26676/jevtm.v1i1.23.
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It is with great pleasure that the editorial staff of the Journal of Endovascular Resuscitation and Trauma Management (JEVTM) welcomes your review of – and participation in - our exciting new endeavor. This initial release of JEVTM represents the beginning of the first medical journal specifically dedicated to the examination of endovascular applications as tools for resuscitation, hemorrhage control and definitive trauma management. It is an ambitious undertaking, but one who’s time has come. Why is now the right time for the initiation of JEVTM? The answer to this question involves an examination of several key concepts. These include the emergence of new technologies, changing clinical practices and a growing body of multi-disciplinary innovators dedicated to the exploration and study of an expanding set of endovascular capabilities. Emerging Technologies
The past several decades have born witness to an evolution in endovascular technologies. While many of these innovations were initially developed with the treatment of atherosclerotic and aneurysmal vascular disease pathologies in mind, the applications for hemorrhage control and vascular injury management were quickly appreciated. Endovascular balloons, known to potentially improve outcomes from ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysms, are now increasingly utilized as tools for bleeding control from non-compressible sites following trauma. Angio-embolization has become a mainstay of treatment capabilities for both pelvic and solid organ injury at most busy trauma centers. Endovascular stent grafts have emerged as the acute treatment of choice for blunt thoracic aortic injuries. Additionally, other endovascular adjuncts, including extra-corporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) and intra-aortic balloon pump devices, continue to evolve as tools of modern resuscitation. Initially, many of these advances were achieved using devices that were largely designed for the management of chronic vascular disease. Increasingly, however, devices and capabilities are being engineered to specifically optimize their utilization for victims of trauma and other patients in need of resuscitative salvage. Continued engineering advancements and efforts to define optimal clinical utilization of these devices will require a platform for reporting and critical review. It is our hope that JEVTM will serve as an effective vehicle for this study.Changing Practices
With the increasing inclusion of endovascular capabilities in algorithms for hemorrhage control, resuscitation and trauma management other questions regarding practice have emerged. What provider is best suited to employ these technologies? How should they be trained? What expertise is required? The answer to these questions have not been well elucidated, even as the use of endovascular technologies continues to grow. Beyond the type of providers that should be involved, there also remain questions about the optimal care environment in which these technologies should be delivered. Is a hybrid-operating suite the optimal environment? How much imaging capability is really required? Can some of these capabilities safely be brought to the pre-hospital care environment? These questions are matters of active investigation that require a venue like JEVTM for examination.A multi-disciplinary collaboration
The foundation for the creation of JEVTM can be traced to discussions that culminated in the February 2017 Endovascular Hybrid and Trauma Management Meeting in Orebro, Sweden. This gathering, sponsored by the University of Orebro, brought together thought leaders from nations throughout Europe, North America and Asia. Their diversity in geographic representation was second only to their diversity of training backgrounds. Interventional radiologists, emergency medicine physicians and surgeons (vascular, trauma and acute care) shared their clinical experiences with not only each other – but also a large group of translational scientists working diligently to provide important foundational data for next steps in endovascular applications. In the context of this excellent exchange, many of these multi-disciplinary participants discussed work that had been presented at prestigious meetings and had been published in a wide array of medical journals scattered across a variety of disciplines. It became apparent, however, that there was a need for a platform that might serve as a common ground for this diverse group of providers striving to advance the safe and effective use of endovascular technologies in resuscitation and trauma management. It is our hope that the Journal of Endovascular Resuscitation and Trauma Management serves as that needed platform.
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Sumanasuriya, Semini, Aurelius Gabriel Omlin, Andrew J. Armstrong, Gerhardt Attard, Kim N. Chi, Charlotte L. Bevan, David J. Waugh, et al. "Consensus statement on circulating biomarkers for advanced prostate cancer." Journal of Clinical Oncology 36, no. 6_suppl (February 20, 2018): 299. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2018.36.6_suppl.299.
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299 Background: The need for validated circulating biomarkers is well recognised in advanced prostate cancer (PCa). Circulating biomarkers evaluating plasma cell-free nucleic acids and circulating tumour cells are being investigated for their clinical utility. There has been a lack of consensus with regards to analyses, reporting and clinical effectiveness of these biomarkers. A consensus meeting was held to address these issues. Methods: A multi-disciplinary panel comprising 18 international prostate cancer experts (including surgeons, medical and radiation oncologists) were consulted prior to the consensus meeting. Four key areas relating to the field of circulating biomarkers were deemed important for discussion: 1) The current utility of circulating biomarkers in 2017; 2) The clinical needs for circulating biomarkers in PCa; 3) The most pressing blood-based molecular assays required; and 4) The steps necessary for developing circulating biomarkers. Using a modified Delphi process, 50 consensus questions were pre-defined for the panel to answer by voting anonymously but publicly at the consensus meeting. Results: A consensus was declared (i.e. ≥ 75% of panellists who did not vote ‘unqualified’ or ‘abstain’ chose the same opinion) in 12/50 (24%) questions. A further 8/50 (16%) of replies were close to reaching consensus (≥ 60% of panellists choosing the same answer). The panel agreed that there is a very high and urgent unmet need for predictive biomarkers, with consensus that DNA repair biomarkers in particular are needed urgently. Metastatic PCa was identified as having the highest clinical need for development of biomarkers to measure response and as surrogate endpoints. Panellists unanimously voted that reproducibility validation studies are of paramount importance. The consensus panel also predicted that cfDNA will impact practice by 2020. Conclusions: This expert consensus identified the need for clinical trials of validated circulating biomarkers to develop predictive, response and surrogacy assays. These could have major clinical and healthcare economic implications, minimizing over-treatment and allowing the delivery of more precise patient care.
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Archambault, Susan Gardner, and Alexander Justice. "Student Use of the Information Commons: An Exploration through Mixed Methods." Evidence Based Library and Information Practice 12, no. 4 (December 30, 2017): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.18438/b8vd45.
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Abstract
Objective – In this case study, librarians at the William H. Hannon Library at Loyola Marymount University explored user behaviour in the Information Commons, user preferences for furniture style and configuration, and how users engaged with a mix of technology, resources, and activities inside the space.
Methods – The researchers used a mixed-methods case study consisting of 2,443 “direct observations,” 646 environmental scans, 248 patron surveys, and 46 whiteboard poll questions. They created visualizations of results in Tableau, with filters for zone and variable. They then carried out a follow-up furniture preferences survey with 190 respondents.
Results – Independent study dominated the space usage. Users valued spaciousness, quiet, privacy, and a clean environment. Users frequently multi-tasked with additional devices as they simultaneously used the library computers, including cell phones, headphones, and laptops. The majority of students self-reported using a library computer for email and to access the campus online learning platform. They also reported reading/studying and printing as frequent activities, although these were less frequently observed. Unattended belongings were observed along with broken electrical outlets. Temperature and noise levels were highly variable.
Conclusions – This methodology allowed for the exploration of space use and satisfaction and uncovered implications for the redesign of the library space. The library has already taken steps toward making improvements based on this assessment project including: removing some reference stacks in favor of additional seating space, an inventory of all electrical outlets, and the exploration of new furniture and noise control strategies.
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Baier, Hendrik. "Research Summary." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Interactive Digital Entertainment 8, no. 6 (June 30, 2021): 6–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aiide.v8i6.12481.
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Monte-Carlo Tree Search (MCTS) is an online planning algorithm that combines the ideas of best-first tree search and Monte-Carlo evaluation. Since MCTS is based on sampling, it does not require a transition function in explicit form, but only a generative model of the domain. Because it grows a highly selective search tree guided by its samples, it can handle huge search spaces with large branching factors. By using Monte-Carlo playouts, MCTS can take long-term rewards into account even with distant horizons. Combined with multi-armed bandit algorithms to trade off exploration and exploitation, MCTS has been shown to guarantee asymptotic convergence to the optimal policy, while providing approximations when stopped at any time. The relatively new MCTS approach has started a revolution in computer Go. Furthermore, it has achieved considerable success in domains as diverse as the games of Hex, Amazons, LOA, and Ms. Pacman; in General Game Playing, planning, and optimization. Whereas the focus of previous MCTS research has been on the practical application, current research begins to address the problem of understanding the nature, the underlying principles, of MCTS. A careful understanding of MCTS will lead to more effective search algorithms. Hence, my two interrelated research questions are: How can we formulate models that increase our understanding of how MCTS works? and How can we use the developed understanding to create effective search algorithms? This research summary describes the first steps I undertook in these directions, as well as my plans for future work.
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Vaidya, A., N. Oli, UR Aryal, DB Karki, and A. Krettek. "Disparties in fruit and vegetable intake by Socio-demographic characteristics in peri-urban Nepalese adults: findings from the Heart-health Associated Research and Dissemination in the Community (HARDIC) Study, Bhaktapur, Nepal." Journal of Kathmandu Medical College 2, no. 1 (May 30, 2014): 3–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jkmc.v2i1.10512.
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Background: Inadequate fruit and vegetable intake and other adverse dietary habits – along with tobacco and alcoholabuse and sub-optimal physical activity - make up the four most important behavioural risk factors of non-communicablediseases. Low fruit and vegetable intake is particularly associated with burden of high cardiovascular disease. It hasreceived more attention in the last decade, with studies that explore disparities and determinants in their intake, as wellas interventions that attempt to improve the intake.Objectives: Our study aimed to determine fruit and vegetable consumption in a peri-urban community of Nepal and tocompare this intake in relation to various socio-demographic variables.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted as a part of the HARDIC (Heart-Health Associated Research andDissemination in the Community) study in the Jhaukhel-Duwakot Health Demographic Surveillance Site in the Bhaktapurdistrict of Nepal during September-December 2011. Adults from six randomly selected clusters were interviewed by 12trained interviewers after taking informed consent. WHO-STEPS questions were used to elicit information on fruit andvegetable intake.Results: Fruit and vegetable intake in the community was low with 2.1 percent of the study population consumingthe WHO-recommended fi ve servings per day. There were differences in the intake according to the various sociodemographicfactors.Conclusions: Our study reaffi rms low fruit and vegetable intake as a public health problem in the Nepalese context.Health-promotional activities aimed at specifi c target groups are essential. Multi-sectoral coordination of health andother health-related sectors is therefore vital in addressing the issue.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jkmc.v2i1.10512Journal of Kathmandu Medical College, Vol. 2, No. 1, Issue 3, Jan.-Mar., 2013, Page: 3-11
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Nosanov, Lauren B., Kaitlyn Libraro, Jamie Heffernan, Philip H. Chang, Abraham Houng, and James Gallagher. "633 Use of an ICU Rounding Tool Enhances Critical Care Learning for Trainees on a Burn Surgery Rotation." Journal of Burn Care & Research 42, Supplement_1 (April 1, 2021): S172—S173. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jbcr/irab032.283.
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Abstract Introduction An institutional Burn Intensive Care Unit (ICU) Rounding Tool was implemented for both quality improvement data collection and trainee education. Forms are completed by trainee team members daily for all critically ill patients prior to teaching rounds. Gathered data are structured to facilitate evaluation of patient volume status, sepsis risk and ventilator management. The forms are then used to guide discussion among students, residents, mid-level providers, fellows, attending surgeons and other members of the multi-disciplinary rounding team. We conducted a series of interviews with trainees regarding their user experience to assess the tool’s educational utility. Methods A convenience sample of residents who had recently completed their Burn Surgery rotation were interviewed in a structured format. Questions focused on the form’s ease of use and comprehensibility. Emphasis was placed on the extent to which it stimulates learning while rounding. Additional feedback was sought for the purpose of improving the tool for continued use. Results Participants were post-graduate year one or two resident physicians training in General Surgery, Urology, Emergency Medicine or Anesthesia. Prior experience and comfort with ICU level care ranged from very little to moderate. All interviewees found the tool helpful in their patient assessments, though the current layout of the form was a frustration for many. Overall, they unanimously found the forms beneficial for preparation of patient presentations and felt that utilization during rounds facilitated learning. Conclusions Interviews with trainees on their burn surgery rotation demonstrate that implementation of an ICU Rounding Tool has provided educational benefit, particularly for those less experienced in intensive care. Feedback from this cohort will be used to improve the tool’s usability. Our next steps will include a more formal survey of all trainees involved since the inception of this project.
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Rajan, Durairaj. "Physical working environment and welfare facilities related factors causing heavy workload: an empirical study among sanitary workers." London Journal of Social Sciences 2, no. 3 (April 4, 2022): 19–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.31039/ljss.2022.3.71.
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This survey, quantitative and empirical based descriptive research has the objective of analysing the perception of sanitary workers working in private multi-speciality hospitals in Tirunelveli city of Tamil Nadu, India towards various physical working environment and welfare facilities related factors causing heavy workload. In order to achieve this objective, the study has sampled 80 respondents using both convenience and judgement sampling techniques; and from the chosen respondents the primary data were collected using schedule method with the help of questionnaire (translating the questions in respondents’ mother language, ‘Tamil’) along with interview. The secondary data were collected from journals, conference proceedings and government websites to add appropriate significance to the study. Percentage method has been administered to analyse both demographic characteristics of the study and perception of the respondents towards physical working environment and welfare facilities related factors causing heavy workload. The result of the analysis has discovered that majority of the respondents strongly agreed that the factors: location of the hospital and absence of transport facilities by the hospital, distance between departments and garbage storage, lack of technical support to transport garbage and disposal wastes, not allowed to use the life and need to use the steps compulsorily, complex layout of both the departments and the entire hospital, and size of the hospital are associated with heavy workload under physical working environment related factors. Similarly, majority of the respondents have agreed that the factors: absence of accommodation facilities to stay, absence of dedicated break areas and dress changing room, absence of convenience facilities (drinking water and separate toilet), absence of maternity related aids (crèche and feeding room), and no free lunch or no food with concession rate under welfare facilities related factors.
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Ortiz, Júlia S. B., and Roberto Pereira. "Ten Years of Initiatives to Promote Computational Thinking: A Systematic Mapping of Literature." Journal on Computational Thinking (JCThink) 3, no. 1 (June 1, 2020): 95. http://dx.doi.org/10.14210/jcthink.v3.n1.p95.
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INTRODUCTION: Computational Thinking is a problem solving skill that became well known after Wing's article in 2006. Since then, several researchers have argued this way of thinking can be useful to all people, and much research has been done to promote the development of this skill with different audiences. OBJECTIVE: To discover the state of art of the initiatives carried out in the last decade to promote the development of Computational Thinking, inside and outside Brazil, regardless of the public addressed and the method applied. METHOD: A systematic mapping of the literature was carried out comprising three steps of selection of articles to proceed with data extraction and analysis of results. Three international databases and one national were included to search articles published between 2007 and 2017, in Portuguese and English. From a total of 468 articles, 46 were selected for data extraction and analysis. RESULTS: Mapping allowed us to answer seven research questions, showing, for example, that the USA and Brazil stand out in quantity of research. Additionally, they presented important differences between the duration of the research, target audience(s) and the tools used. We were able to identify that research has grown in number and diversity. Conversely, initiatives in multi and transdisciplinary contexts are still lacking, and little attention is paid to the public in less favored contexts. CONCLUSION: Computational Thinking is a growing topic of research and knowing the initiatives published in these 10 years of research helps in the elaboration of new research, mainly indicating opportunities to be explored. Especially for Brazil, it is necessary to approach students beyond basic education, to explore the transdisciplinary potential of Computational Thinking, and to carry out research of longer duration.
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Ross, Gerald M. "Introduction to special issue of Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences: The Alberta Basement Transect of Lithoprobe." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37, no. 11 (November 1, 2000): 1447–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e00-097.
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From outcrops in northeastern Alberta to exposures within structural culminations in the Canadian Cordillera, the crystalline basement that lies buried beneath the Phanerozoic Alberta Basin of western Canada represents a significant part of the Canadian Shield, ca. 750 000 km2. The advent of modern high resolution aeromagnetic data and UPb geochronology have opened the doors for the next era of investigation of the crystalline basement of the Alberta Basin. Aeromagnetic data and geochronology provided important physical and temporal links to the exposed Canadian Shield, which allowed its structural framework to be extrapolated into the subsurface. The most recent chapter in this evolving story has been the Alberta Basement Transects of Lithoprobe, a 12-year program, which has used multi disciplinary geoscience studies to further elucidate the nature, history, and geometric characteristics of basement domains beneath the Alberta Basin. This special issue is the second in a three issue set of publications that synthesize the results of over a decade of Lithoprobe research in the Alberta Basin. The first issue, published in the Bulletin of Canadian Petroleum Geology, concentrated on the shallow sedimentary record and new insights gained from linking deep seismic reflection profiles with the evolution of the sedimentary succession. The present issue presents a crustal perspective and concentrates on the results from mapping, geochronology, igneous petrology, and seismic investigation of the crystalline basement of the Alberta Basin. The diversity of disciplines covered in this issue address questions about the evolution of the crust and mantle of western Canada and offer unique perspectives on the insight gained from the merger of reflection seismology, magnetotellurics, potential field studies, and field based observations. New breakthroughs in mantle dynamics and its role in sedimentary basin formation, as well as our ability to image mantle structure and relate it to surface tectonic processes, are important steps forward.