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Kennedy, Rosemary J. "[Dense, subtropical, sustainable] the liveable multi-storey apartment building." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2015. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/84869/1/Rosemary_Kennedy_Thesis.pdf.
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This study examined the potential for apartment living to become more socially and environmentally acceptable in Australian society generally, and in subtropical cities particularly. Resolution of incongruities between residents' preferred attributes and other stakeholders' main interests has important implications for reshaping lifestyle expectations and design practice as society moves toward a post-carbon future.
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Vessby, Johan. "Shear walls for multi-storey timber buildings." Licentiate thesis, Växjö University, School of Technology and Design, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:vxu:diva-2420.
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Wind loads acting on wooden building structures need to be dealt with adequately in order to ensure that neither the serviceability limit state nor the ultimate limit state is exceeded. For the structural designer of tall buildings, avoiding the possibly serious consequences of heavy wind loading while taking account at the same time of the effects of gravitation can be a real challenge. Wind loads are usually no major problem for low buildings, such as one- to two-storey timber structures involving ordinary walls made by nailing or screwing sheets of various types to the frame, but when taller structures are designed and built, serious problems may arise.
Since wind speed and thus wind pressure increases with height above the ground and the shear forces transmitted by the walls increase accordingly, storey by storey, considerable efforts can be needed to handle the strong horizontal shear forces that are exerted on the bottom floor in particular. The strong uplift forces that can develop on the wind side of a structure are yet another matter that can be critical. Accordingly, a structure needs to be anchored to the substrate or to the ground by connections that are properly designed. Since the calculated uplift forces depend very much upon the models employed, the choice of models and simplifications in the analysis that are undertaken also need to be considered carefully.
The present licentiate thesis addresses questions of how wind loads acting on multi-storey timber buildings can be best dealt with and calculated for in the structural design of such buildings. The conventional use of sheathing either nailed or screwed to a timber framework is considered, together with other methods of stabilizing timber structures. Alternative ways of using solid timber elements for stabilization are also of special interest.
The finite element method was employed in simulating the structural behaviour of stabilizing units. A study was carried out of walls in which sheathing was nailed onto a timber frame. Different structural levels were involved, extending from modelling the performance of a single fastener and of the connection of the sheathing to frame, to the use of models of this sort for studying the overall structural behaviour of wall elements that possess a stabilizing function. The results of models used for simulating different load cases for walls agreed reasonably well with experimental test results. The structural properties of the fasteners binding the sheathing to the frame, as well as of the connections between the members of the frame were shown to have a strong effect on the simulated behaviour of shear wall units.
Regarding solid wall panels, it was concluded that walls with a high level of both stiffness and strength can be produced by use of such panels, and also that the connections between the solid wall panels can be designed in such a way that the shear forces involved are effectively transmitted from one panel to the next.
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Pourghazian, Hanif. "Industrial Construction Methods for Cost-Effective and Sustainable Multi-Storey Buildings." Doctoral thesis, Stockholm : Royal Institute of Technology, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-9212.
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Vessby, Johan. "Analysis of shear wallsfor multi-storey timber buildings." Doctoral thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för teknik, TEK, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-11489.
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This doctoral thesis addresses questions of how wind loads acting on multistoreytimber buildings can be dealt with by structural design of such buildings.The conventional use of sheathing either nailed or screwed to a timberframework is considered, together with other stabilizing structures such ascross-laminated timber panels.The finite element method was employed in simulating the structuralbehaviour of stabilizing wall units. A series of studies was carried out of walls inwhich the sheathing was nailed to a timber frame. Different structural levelswere studied starting with modelling the performance of single sheathing-toframingconnections, to the use of models for studying the overall structuralbehaviour of walls. The results of calculations using models for simulation ofwalls subjected to different loading agree reasonably well with experimentalresults. The structural properties of the connections between the sheathing andthe frame, as well as of the connections between the members of the frame,were shown to have a substantial effect on the simulated behaviour of shearwall units. Both these types of connections were studied and described inappended papers.Regarding cross-laminated timber wall panels, it was concluded that walls witha high level of both stiffness and strength can be produced by the use of suchpanels, and also that the connections between the solid wall panels can bedesigned in such a way that the shear forces involved are transmitted from onepanel to the next in an efficient manner.Other topics in the thesis include the properties of connections between shearwalls and the rest of the building. Typically high tension forces occur at specificpoints in a timber structure. These forces need to be transmitted downwards inthe structure, ultimately connecting them to the substrate. A lap-joint that maybe used for this purpose has been studied using generalized Volkersen theory.Finally the maximum capacity of a conventional rail to substrate connection hasbeen examined using linear and nonlinear fracture mechanics.
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Yildirim, Ilyas. "Optimal Wind Bracing Systems For Multi-storey Steel Buildings." Master's thesis, METU, 2009. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12610792/index.pdf.
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The major concern in the design of the multi-storey buildings is the structure to have enough lateral stability to resist wind forces. There are different ways to limit the lateral drift. First method is to use unbraced frame with moment-resisting connections. Second one is to use braced frames with moment-resisting connections. Third one is to use pin-jointed connections instead of moment-resisting one and using bracings. Finally braced frame with both moment-resisting and pin-jointed connections is a solution.
There are lots of bracing models and the designer should choose the appropriate one. This thesis investigates optimal lateral bracing systems in steel structures. The method selects appropriate sections for beams, columns and bracings, from a given steel section set, and obtains a design with least
weight. After obtaining the best designs in case of weight, cost analysis of all structures are carried out so that the most economical model is found. For this purpose evolution strategies optimization method is used which is a member of the evolutionary algorithms search techniques.
First optimum design of steel frames is introduced in the thesis. Then evolution strategies technique is explained. This is followed by some information about design loads and bracing systems are given. It is continued by the cost analysis of the models. Finally numerical examples are presented. Optimum designs of three different structures, comprising twelve different bracing models, are carried out. The calculations are carried out by a computer program (OPTSTEEL) which is recently developed to achieve size optimization design of
skeletal structures.
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Muca, Matilda, and Celine Haikal. "Seismic analysis and retrofitting of an existing multi-storey building in Stockholm." Thesis, KTH, Betongbyggnad, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-231453.
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Throughout the years earthquakes are a huge concern for structures; causing losses of peoples’ lives, damages and collapse of homes. Usually, most of the buildings that collapse or have serious damages are mostly old buildings that do not fulfil any longer the updated regulations and building codes concerning seismic design. The purpose of this Master’s thesis is to analyse and strengthen an existing building given by the company Sweco, by using proper and innovative retrofitting techniques; considering Eurocode 8 and collected data from previous studies. The selected building is a seven-storey structure in Stockholm; consists of prefabricated concrete and steel elements and is tested under seismic loading to investigate the global behaviour of the structure using the software MIDAS GEN. Two analyses are performed; assessment analysis which includes modelling of the given structure where the structural capacities are studied. The second analysis is the seismic analysis which includes two secondary analyses; before seismic retrofitting and after seismic retrofitting respectively. In the seismic analysis before the seismic retrofitting is applied, the main scope is to identify the most critical positions of the building where it behaves abnormally and the displacements are high enough in order to modify the structure to decrease displacements. Moreover, the frequencies were obtained and examined. The second seismic analysis includes the modified structure; where it was tested with different alternative methods of seismic retrofitting in order to identify which technique is the most proper one to optimise the strength and the structural performance of the given building. Finally, it appeared that a combination of seismic retrofitting methodologies was the most suitable selection. The selected combination consists of steel bracings and prefabricated reinforced concrete walls (shear walls). After performing the seismic retrofitting analysis, results of the frequencies and displacements of the structure were acquired and compared with the un-retrofitted analysis. The obtained results displayed that using this structural modification improved by increasing the frequency in the transverse direction (y) by 57.2%, in the longitudinal direction (x) by 27.6% and rotational along the z-axis by 12.9%; lastly, by decreasing the displacements in the x- and y-direction remarkably. Consequently, a combination of innovative seismic retrofitting methods appeared to be more effective, achieving a more resistant building under seismic hazards, by improving the stability and ductility of the structure. This gives rise to further researches and investigations for future solutions regarding seismic retrofitting applications and methodologies.Jordbävningar är skakningar i marken som orsakar förluster av människors liv och leder till skador och kollaps av byggnader. Vanligtvis är de flesta byggnader som har allvarligt skadats eller kollapsat, äldre byggnader som inte längre uppfyller de uppdaterade byggreglerna för seismisk design. Syftet med detta examensarbete är att analysera och stärka en befintlig byggnad som har distribuerats av konsult företaget Sweco; lämpliga och innovativa seismisk eftermonteringsmetoder har använts för att förbättra byggnadens tillstånd med hjälp av insamlat vetenskapliga artiklar, tidskrifter och tidigare examensarbete samt svensk standard (Eurokod 8 - för dimensionering av bärverk med avseende på jordbävning). Den utdelade byggnaden är sju våningar hög och ligger i Stockholm. Den består av prefabricerade betong- och stålelement. Byggnaden kommer att testas under seismisk belastning med hjälp av programvaran MIDAS GEN, för att sedan examinera byggnadens globala beteende. Två analyser har utförts; en bedömningsanalys som innefattar granskning av den givna byggnadens kapacitet. Den andra analysen är den seismiska analysen som omfattar två sekundära analyser; en ’före applikation av seismisk eftermonteringsmetod’ och en ’efter applikation av seismisk eftermonteringsmetod’. I den första seismiska analysen, identifieras de mest kritiska positionerna där byggnadens beteende är avvikande med höga förskjutningar och låga frekvenser; således, är behovet av att modifiera och förbättra byggnadens prestanda betydande. Den andra seismiska analysen innefattar den modifierade byggnaden, som har testats med olika alternativa seismiska eftermonteringsmetoder för att identifiera vilken teknik som är mest passande för att optimera byggnadens hållfasthet, elasticitet och prestanda. Efter många experimentella försök, framgick det att en kombination av varierande seismiska eftermonteringsmetoder var det mest lämpliga urvalet. Den valda kombinationen består av stålfackverk och skjuvväggar. Efter genomförandet av den seismiska eftermonteringsanalysen erhölls resultat av frekvensen och förskjutningarna av byggnaden som sedan jämfördes med den första seismiska analysen, innan en eftermonteringsmetod var tillämpad. De erhållna resultaten visade att valet av denna modifikation har förbättrat byggnadens prestanda genom att öka frekvensen i tvärriktningen (y) med 57,2%, i längdriktningen (x) med 27.6% och rotationsfrekvensen längs z-axeln med 12.9%; slutligen, genom att minska förskjutningarna i x- och y-riktningen anmärkningsvärt. Följaktligen, verkade en kombination av varierande seismiska eftermonteringsmetoder vara effektiv, vilket resulterade i en seismisk resistent byggnad med avsevärt god hållfasthet, elasticitet och stabilitet. Denna forskning ger upphov till ytterligare efterforskningar och undersökningar för framtida lösningar avseende seismiska eftermonteringsapplikationer och metoder.
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Peng, Jiahao. "Performance and Design of Composite Modular System with Tenon Connections for Multi-Storey Buildings." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2021. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/26788.
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Modular building is an innovative construction method based on advanced manufacturing technologies, which is a more eco-friendly, effective, and cost-saving alternative than conventional methods. The primary objective of this thesis is to design a sufficient composite modular system for multi-storey applications and provide design recommendations based on system-level analyses under earthquakes, winds, and sudden column losses.
In the course of this thesis, a numerical model is first created for an existing tenon-connected inter-module connection to investigate its effects on the building’s lateral resistance. A cohesive interface model is used to account for the weld fracture. Due to the semi-rigid connectivity, there are around 53% and 28% reductions in the yield and maximum capacity of the building, respectively. The displacement coefficient method per American guidelines FEMA-356 is then adopted to predict the maximum deformation of the modular buildings under different design seismic loads. To strengthen the modular buildings, a novel composite modular system is newly proposed, which consists of concrete-filled steel tubular columns, laminated double beams, and integrated composite slabs. The structural responses of the composite modular buildings are assessed under design wind actions per Australian Standards AS 1170.0-2. The results indicate that the proposed buildings have sufficient design capacity but insufficient deflection control. The progressive collapse analysis is performed on the buildings in sudden column loss scenarios per Unified Facilities Criteria UFC 4-023-03. The results show that alternate load paths are activated after the notional column removals, and the progressive collapse is unlikely for the scenarios under consideration. Finally, the suitable dynamic increase factors of 1.90 and 1.60 are recommended for the 4- and 12-storey modular buildings, respectively, allowing peak dynamic responses to be predicted using the static approach.
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Goertz, Caleb. "Energy based seismic design of a multi-storey hybrid building : timber-steel core walls." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/57669.
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This thesis discusses a novel timber-steel core wall system for use in multi-storey buildings in high seismic regions. This hybrid system combines Cross Laminated Timber (CLT) panels with steel plates and connections to provide the required strength and ductility to core walled buildings. The system is first derived from first principles and validated in SAP2000. In order to assess the feasibility of the system it is implemented in the design of a 7-storey building based off an already built concrete benchmark building. The design is carried out following the equivalent static force procedure (ESFP) outlined by the National Building Code of Canada for Vancouver, BC. To evaluate the design bi-directional nonlinear time history analysis (NLTHA) is carried out on the building using a set of 10 ground motions based on a conditional mean spectrum. To improve the applicability of the hybrid system an energy based design methodology is proposed to design the timber-core walled building. The methodology is proposed as it does not rely on empirical formulas and force modification factors to determine the final design of the structure. NLTHA is carried out on the proposed methodology using 10 ground motions to evaluate the suitability of the method and the results are discussed and compared to the ESFP results.Applied Science, Faculty of
Engineering, School of (Okanagan)
Graduate
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Allahverdiyev, Rovshan. "Effects of beam configuration on dynamic properties and seismic performances of multi-storey frame building models." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2020.
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The present study aims at comparing the dynamic properties and seismic performances offered by reinforced concrete frame structures characterised by different beams distribution.
Multi-storey regular frame buildings are considered as reference structures. Different models are then developed according to various layout of the beams (x-direction is the longitudinal direction, whilst y-direction is the transversal one): (1) beams placed along the x-direction at the odd storeys and placed along the y-direction at the even storeys; (2) beams placed along the y-direction at the odd storeys and placed along the x-direction at the even storeys; (3) and (4) alternating beams every two storeys; (5) beams placed along the x-direction at all storeys; (6) beams placed along the y-direction at all storeys; (7) complete three-dimensional frame with beams placed along both the x- and the y-direction at all storeys. In all models, smaller perimeter beams are placed along the direction orthogonal to the one of the main beams.
Modal analysis has been conducted to evaluate the influence of beams distribution on the period of vibration. Response spectrum and time-history dynamic analyses have been carried out to assess the effects of beams distribution on the base shear and base bending moments, top-storey displacements, interstorey displacements and floor accelerations.
On the contrary of what could be expected, the results indicate that structures with beams alternating every storey do not behave unfavorably with respect to the complete three-dimensional frames. In more detail, two effects may be clearly recognized: one associated to the period and one associated to the static scheme. The former acting basically on the base shear; the latter acting mainly on the base bending moment. The understanding of the influence of beams distribution on frame structures is useful when dealing with seismic vulnerability assessment of existing buildings and design of new buildings.
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Cenac-Morthe, Romain. "Heating energy consumption of a multi-storey municipal residential building : Measurement methodology analysis, modeling and optimization." Thesis, KTH, Byggvetenskap, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-44553.
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Energy issues in the building sector become more and more important nowadays. Although the technology improves, the energy consumption remains the same because of people’s way of living. To reduce the energy consumption, it is possible to improve the technical components that form the building envelope and to change people’s habits. This report aims at determining the best measurement methodology of the heating and hot water consumption of a building to insure real-time visualization and evaluating the energy savings that could be made by changing people habits. To do so, an existing measurement methodology is analyzed by making error calculations and computer-based modeling and simulations are carried out to determine the heating consumption of the building under different conditions. The program DesignBuilder is used to assess the energy consumption of the building. The study shows that a consequent reduction of the heating consumption is possible by only changing people’s habits. Real-time visualization would be really helpful but it needs very accurate measurements that are almost impossible if they are not integrated in the first stages of the building process.
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Chan, Yee, and 陳羽. "Is strata title a solution to the problems of multi-storey building management in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2002. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31256892.
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Chan, Yee. "Is strata title a solution to the problems of multi-storey building management in Hong Kong /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2002. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B25939385.
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Wan, Chi Kin. "Time history analysis and optimal drift design of multi-storey concrete building structures under seismic excitations /." View abstract or full-text, 2004. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?CIVL%202004%20WAN.
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Thesis (M. Phil.)--Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, 2004.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 127-131). Also available in electronic version. Access restricted to campus users.
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RUSI, Ilda. "Generating Innovative Perforated Patterns for Perimetric Structural Walls with Openings in Multi-Storey Buildings." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Ferrara, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11392/2488300.
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Due to the very fast urban development and population growth to the most big cities all over the world, the multi-storey buildings have increased a lot in number. Increasingly, interest is growing in exploring structural systems that allow to build multi-storey buildings. As stated also in the literature and also by Ali. M., M, in his study in 1990, among the major issues that govern the design of a multi-storey building is fulfilling the architectural aspect such as space, function, light while ensuring also the building structural rigidity.Considering also the fact emphasized by Aminmansour & Moon, 2010; Elnimeiri & Gupta, in their study in 2008, that many times, the multi-storey buildings tend to be very inefficient in terms of organisations of the interior spaces. In this regard, based on engineering logical reasoning, in order to provide the sufficient structural rigidity, it requires in many cases, considerable cross section dimensions of structural elements. On the other hands, in engineering design practices there are several cases where to ensure the stability of the building, rigid elements are placed on the building perimeter. The problem is that often, in these cases, these structural elements may interrupt several architectural aspects of the multi-storey building such as its façade, interior space, or even the entire building architectural volume. This study present reinforced concrete Structural Wall elements which are recognized as one of three main structural systems putted on the perimeter of multi-storey buildings among rigid frames and bracing systems. This research aims in suggesting an innovative structural element be implemented in the design process by both being considered as an architectural and structural element.The Structural Wall patterns with different arrangement of openings, called Perforated Structural Wall Panels, are characterized by a pattern of openings in different sizes and forms. This panel should provide the required resistance from the lateral load acting on it while offering at the same time a visual resistance presence. From the architectural point of view, this element offer the possibility to create several configurations of geometric forms, through following a precise methodology explained in further detailed study analysis presented in this study. The methodology can help towards obtaining an optimized panel by creating also a common vocabulary for both the architect and the engineer. This designed vision based on collaboration between architects and engineers aims in fostering an alternative design method outlining an effective structural scheme of multi-storey buildings composed mainly by perforated Structural Wall elements in the building perimeter. Following this design methodology, vertical structural elements would be modified in terms of preserving the required structural members and cutting of the unnecessary ones. The research concludes by discussing on how perforated Structural Wall element can help in fostering the design process and facilitate the decisions steps within designers in concluding the proper building configuration, the architectural performance and the structural rigidity.
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Ibraheem, Omar. "The feasibility of Passive Downdraught Evaporative Cooling (PDEC) of multi-storey office buildings in Cairo : a modelling study." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2018. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/55225/.
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Climatic stress on buildings in hot-dry climates has long been negotiated by means of evaporative cooling, the origins of which could be traced back to Egypt and the Middle East. However, this millennia-old strategy needs to undergo much scrutiny in its design and implementation to meet the requirements of contemporary comfort standards for offices. The task is even more onerous if multi-storey buildings are considered. Acknowledging Cairo to be one of the most densely populated cities in the world and in light of the growing demand on high quality office space in recent years, it is anticipated that extending the application of evaporative cooling to medium and high-rise office buildings is imperative if this strategy is to be widely adopted as an alternative to conventional air-conditioning in Cairo given that existing research and applications are limited to low-rise buildings. This work proposes a four-stage plan to achieve that. The first stage entails the development of a generic prototype of the Passive Downdraught Evaporatively Cooled (PDEC) multi-storey office building that allows three distinct airflow patterns and two modes of operation to take place. The second stage makes use of analytic models for the initial sizing of the airflow components. The third stage assesses the performance of a base case model of the generic PDEC building in terms of bulk airflow rates, airflow distribution across the floors, internal thermal conditions, and relevant environmental costs using EnergyPlus, the whole building dynamic thermal simulation program with integrated airflow network modelling. The fourth and final stage is that of optimisation wherein the effects of varying a number of parameters on performance are established. The study shows that in comparison to free-running naturally-ventilated buildings, and depending on the thermal comfort model adopted, PDEC can potentially deliver comfort conditions for all occupied hours of the cooling season in Cairo. Buoyancy 'stack' forces alone generated by temperature differences can drive sufficient airflow rates without wind assistance, a scenario that is likely to occur in dense urban contexts. The study demonstrates the effectiveness' of dividing multi-storey buildings into isolated segments in terms of airflow (segmentation) and the benefits of extending PDEC operation beyond occupied hours. Changes in wind direction and speed were also considered and have shown to be of less significance if air inlets and outlets are properly located. Fine tuning of the building management system and adopting a more relaxed overheating criterion are key factors in limiting the increase in daily water consumption due to PDEC in light of the diminishing availability of sustainable water resources in the region. This study is the first to provide an understanding of how multi-storey office buildings in hot-dry climates can be designed and operated to incorporate PDEC as a viable alternative to AC. The novelty here lies not in the methodology which uses available models, but in the detailed investigation of flow rates, flow patterns, indoor temperatures, and water consumption.
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MUGHAL, Humera. "EVALUATION OF THE COMBINED EFFECT OF VEGETATION AND NATURAL VENTILATION IN NEARLY ZERO ENERGY MULTI-STOREY BUILDINGS – nZE(ms)B." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Palermo, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10447/395419.
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Cooling load is the main cause of high energy consumption for tall buildings in tropical climates while the construction of tall buildings is an unavoidable practice due to land scarcity in metropolitan cities. In this regard, the use of natural ventilation (NV) in tall buildings can help reducing the energy consumption. However, this solution can also bring the problem of polluted air that may enter the space to be ventilated. If the air is passed through a system that can absorb pollutants and add more oxygen to the air, the problem may almost be solved. Building integrated vegetation (BIV) systems can help solving this problem. So, if the air entering buildings passes through dense vegetation, it may not only be cleaned but also cooled due to evapotranspiration effect of plants. Furthermore, the choice and location of vegetation can increase or decrease wind speed. Incorporation of the successful implementation of these green strategies lead to the design of nearly zero energy multi-storey buildings (nZEmsB).
A successful implementation of these strategies for an optimized outcome in terms of reduction in cooling load and the performance of NV is evaluated through computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software. A conventional method is to design the building using passive strategies i.e. NV and BIV, and then evaluating the design using a CFD tool to evaluate the efficiency of combined effect of NV and BIV. If the simulation results are not optimal, the design has to be modified and the simulation process has to be repeated. However, this is a time taking approach as the design of a tall building itself is a complex process and any wrong decision regarding spatial planning, overall building configuration and choice of BIV systems may become the reason for the failure of an implementation resorting to this passive technique.
The concept of optimization in Architecture, has brought a novel perspective for the designers to achieve the better design solutions in reduced time. There are many optimization models and tools available for the energy efficient design of buildings, however there is almost no research available regarding the optimization tools available for designing tall buildings incorporating a combination of NV and BIV systems. This research provides an optimization model for finding the optimal design choice for tall buildings using NV and SG as a cooling technique in hot and humid climates.
The deliverables of this research are a decision support framework for the development of the optimization tool, a generative tool, that is capable of developing 3D models of tall buildings with the geometrical characteristics (found in literature) suitable for the best implementation of NV and SG to reduce the cooling load in hot and humid climate; integration of a CFD simulation tool to the generative tool resorting to RhinoCFD for the evaluation of effectiveness of NV; and an optimization algorithm, based on evolutionary algorithms.
This Model is developed using visual programming and scripting on Grasshopper/ Rhino3D. The model does not require users to have in depth knowledge of computational fluid dynamics and still can inform the designer regarding the best design option. It will assist designers to make informed decisions for achieving effective natural ventilation design through building form, orientation, space planning along with allocation of SG at an early stage of design. The results will contribute to the development of energy efficient and energy independent communities.
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Klimeš, Petr. "Ocelový skelet administrativní budovy." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-225483.
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The subject of student work is to design supporting steel structure of administrative building of Czech television. This is a multi-storey building with square floor plan with recording studios. Supporting structure of the building is designed as frame and is solved with three variants.
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LAMARUCCIOLA, NICLA. "EXPERIMENTAL AND NUMERICAL SEISMIC RESPONSE OF MULTI-STOREY POST-TENSIONED TIMBER FRAMED BUILDINGS WITH SUPPLEMENTAL DAMPING SYSTEMS." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi della Basilicata, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11563/147026.
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This doctoral project aims to contribute to advancement of the research in the field of innovative and resilient timber buildings with high seismic performance and minimum environmental impact in a green and sustainable way.
Recent seismic events have raised questions about the adequacy of the current seismic design in code provisions. In modern seismic codes, the performance objectives are expressed in terms of life safety of the occupants and according to capacity design rules a certain damage level of structures is accepted under strong earthquakes. The resultant seismic damages are often difficult and financially prohibitive to repair. In order to significantly reduce structural and non-structural damage and avoid high economic loss, in the last decades research studies focused on the development of low damage design and technologies.
In this thesis, seismic design and performance of multi-storey post-tensioned timber framed buildings with different dissipative systems have been investigated in order to develop new low-damage construction systems for high seismic areas. An extensive experimental campaign was performed at the structural laboratory of the University of Basilicata (Italy), in collaboration with the University of Canterbury (New Zealand), considering a three-dimensional, two-third scale, three-storey, post-tensioned glulam timber frame building. Different testing configurations were considered: i) the bare timber frame with post-tensioning only at the beam-column connections (free rocking); ii) the post-tensioned timber frame with dissipative devices at the beam-column and column-foundation connections (dissipative rocking); and iii) the post-tensioned timber frame with dissipative bracing systems at all storey (dissipative bracing). The seismic response of test specimen was investigated through unidirectional shaking table tests under consecutive ground motions at increasing PGA intensities, while the cyclic behaviour of hysteretic dampers was characterized by means of quasi-static tests.
In particular, the testing configuration with dissipative bracing, which had not been previously implemented in post-tensioned glulam timber structures, has been deeply investigated in this research. The estimation of equivalent viscous damping has been proposed in order to optimize the displacement-based design procedure for sizing the hysteretic dissipative devices of the bracing systems. The experimental seismic response of the braced model is evaluated in terms of global and local behaviour and nonlinear numerical analysis have been carried out within two different FEM software (Sap 2000 and OpenSees). The comparison of the results obtained from all configurations demonstrated that the dissipative bracing system improved the seismic performance of post-tensioned timber buildings reducing inter-storey drift with full re-centring capability. During all seismic tests no damages were observed to structural elements, only localized breakage of external replaceable devices occurred during the test with strongest earthquake. More than one hundred inelastic cycles were experimentally recorded from dynamic tests before the failure of devices.
The reliability of quasi-static testing procedures proposed by current seismic and guidelines codes for type tests and factory production control tests was also investigated. The number of cycles estimated from shaking table tests and non-linear dynamic analyses shows a decreasing trend with the increase of ductility demand in line with American standards testing requirements.
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Wong, Wing-lok. "An analysis of the impact of the Building Management Ordinance on owners' incorporation." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1998. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B20126578.
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Biroščáková, Ivana. "Administrativní budova." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-225365.
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The task of my master´s thesis was to work up a project and a check of a bearing steel construction the multi-storey office building with a garage in Brno. The building is composed of five storey office section and two storey of garage. Ground dimension of administrative part is 38,8m x 35m with distance of pillars 7m,6m and 6,4m. The structural height of floor is 3,5m.Garage is designed with dimensions 36m x 24,8m with structural height of floor 3,5m. Distance of pillars is 5,6m, 6,4m and 7,8m.Total height building is 17,5m
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Чернявський, І. М. "Будівництво багатоповерхового житлового будинку з офісними приміщеннями по вул. Івана Мазепи в м. Чернігові." Thesis, Чернігів, 2021. http://ir.stu.cn.ua/123456789/25325.
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Чернявський, І. М. Будівництво багатоповерхового житлового будинку з офісними приміщеннями по вул. Івана Мазепи в м. Чернігові : випускна кваліфікаційна робота : 192 «Будівництво та цивільна інженерія» / І. М. Чернявський ; керівник роботи М. М. Корзаченков ; НУ "Чернігівська політехніка", кафедра технологій зварювання та будівництва . – Чернігів, 2021. – 109 с.Проект розроблений на підставі містобудівних умов і обмежень забудови земельної ділянки від 03.12.2019 №02-01/176, затверджених рішенням Чернігівського міськвиконкому від 03.12.2019 №503, згідно з технічними умовами відповідних міських служб, завданням на проектування, відповідно до норм і правил будівельного проектування. Проектування здійснюється у дві стадії – проект (П), робоча документація (Р). Проектом передбачено будівництво багатоповерхового житлового будинку на орендованій земельній ділянці по вул. І.Мазепи, між будинками 23 та 25 в м. Чернігові. В житловому будинку згідно з розрахунком (див. відповідний розділ) передбачено проживання 147 мешканців.
The project is developed on the basis of town-planning conditions and restrictions of building of the land plot from 03.12.2019 -0102-01 / 176, approved by the decision of the Chernihiv City Executive Committee from 03.12.2019 №503, according to technical conditions of the corresponding city services, design task according to norms and rules construction design. Design is carried out in two stages - the project (P), working documentation (P). The project provides for the construction of a multi-storey residential building on a leased land plot on the street. I. Mazepa, between houses 23 and 25 in Chernihiv. According to the calculation (see the relevant section), 147 residents are expected to live in the residential building.
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Wong, Wing-lok, and 王榮樂. "An analysis of the impact of the Building Management Ordinance on owners' incorporation." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1998. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B3196834X.
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Dereke, Julia, and Viktor Johansson. "Livscykelanalys av trästomme i flervåningshusmed fokus på koldioxidutsläpp." Thesis, Tekniska Högskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, JTH, Byggnadsteknik, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-37873.
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Purpose: The aim of this study is to provide improvement suggestions on how the amount of carbon dioxide emissions can be reduced in the construction of mainly multi-storey timber buildings. Proposals are made after identifying where in the life cycle the largest emissions occur. Method: To achieve the goal of this study a case study was performed on an existing multi-storey timber building. A life cycle analysis (LCA) was performed to identify where in the life cycle the biggest emissions occur. To gather all important information about the project, document analysis was conducted. In addition, a literature study was made on the subject which supports and enhances conducted study. Findings: From literature study, case study and document analysis results have been listed which forms the foundation for the following suggestions of improvement. The life cycle analysis has identified that the largest amount of carbon dioxide is 28 % and is obtained in sawmills. The production of glue produces 25 % and transports during the lifecycle produces nearly 20 %. Implications: The conclusion contributes to reducing the amount of carbon dioxide emissions in future production of mainly wooden buildings. The greatest amount of carbon dioxide have been identified and the following proposals have been made to reduce emissions. Make sawmills more effective to reduce emissions. Produce and use environmentally friendly adhesive with similar characteristics. Use waste from forest felling, sawmills and glulam factories for production of biofuel used for transports. Limitations: This study has only covered multi-storey buildings in different wooden systems, the problem is probably also relevant for other buildings. Keywords: Carbon dioxide emissions, LCA, multi-storey building, timber and wooden frame.Syfte: Syftet med denna studie är att ge förbättringsförslag om hur mängden koldioxidutsläpp kan minskas vid byggande av främst flervåningshus i trä. Förslag tas fram efter att ha identifierat var i livscykeln de största utsläppen sker. Metod: Syftet med arbetet uppnås framförallt med en fallstudie utförd på ett existerande flervåningshus med stomme i limträ. En livscykelanalys (LCA) utfördes för att ta fram var i livscykeln de största utsläppen sker. För att samla in all viktig information om projektet utfördes även dokumentanalys. Fortsättningsvis utfördes en noggrann litteraturstudie inom ämnet som stödjer och förstärker utförd studie. Resultat: Från litteraturstudie, fallstudie och dokumentanalys har resultat tagits fram som ligger till grund för framförda förbättringsförslag. Livscykelanalysen har identifierat att den största mängden koldioxidutsläpp är 28 % och avges från sågverken. Framställandet av lim avger 25 % och transporterna under livscykeln avger ungefär 20 %. Konsekvenser: Slutsatsen bidrar till att mängden koldioxidutsläpp kan minskas i framtida produktion av framförallt byggnader i trä. Där koldioxidutsläppen är som störst i livscykeln har följande förbättringsförslag tagits fram för att minska utsläppen. Effektivisera sågverk för att minska utsläppen. Framställa och använda ett miljövänligare lim med liknande egenskaper. Utnyttja spill från skogsavverkning, sågverk och limträfabrik till att producera biobränsle som kan användas till transporter. Begränsningar: Arbetet har endast behandlat flervåningshus i olika stomsystem av trä, troligtvis är problemet aktuellt även för andra byggnader. Nyckelord: Flervåningshus, koldioxidutsläpp, LCA, limträ och trästomme.
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Vaičaitis, Arnoldas. "Daugiabučių namų modernizavimo galimybių panaudojant saulės energiją įvertinimas." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2012. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2012~D_20120801_121051-31075.
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Šiame baigiamajame magistro darbe yra sprendžiama teisės aktais reglamentuoto, tačiau Lietuvoje pasyviai įgyvendinamo daugiabučių pastatų modernizavimo, panaudojant atsinaujinančius energijos išteklius (šiuo atveju saulės energiją), problema. Pagrindinis darbo tikslas yra išanalizuoti maksimalias saulės energijos sistemų panaudojimo galimybes, modernizuojant daugiabučius pastatus, įrodant tokių sistemų tinkamumą esamoms Lietuvos klimatinėms sąlygoms.
Susipažinus su esama pasirinktos krypties padėtimi, apžvelgus kitose šalyse įgyvendintus saulės energijos sistemų panaudojimo daugiabučiuose pastatuose sprendimus, galimus tokių sistemų analizės metodus, pasirinktas tyrimo būdas – naujų sistemų modeliavimas. Reikalingų duomenų kaupimas apėmė ne tik literatūros apžvalgą, faktinių duomenų sisteminimą, bet ir realiai veikiančios saulės sistemos stebėseną, parametrų fiksavimą bei jų analizę.
Naudojant licenzijuotą modeliavimo programą, tiriamajam objektui, esančiam Birštone, sukurtas energinės analizės modelis, kurio rezultatai vėliau panaudoti ekonominiuose bei pirminės energijos srautų skaičiavimuose. Išanalizavus 7 skirtingus scenarijus, kuriuose tarpusavy derinamos dvi saulės energijos sistemos – saulės kolektoriai ir saulės elementai – pagrįsta tezė, jog saulės energija gali būti sėkmingai, tiek energiniu, tiek ekonominiu požiūriu, naudojama Lietuvos klimatinėmis sąlygomis. Įdiegus šias sistemas į daugiabučius pastatus juos renovuojant ir taip bent iš dalies atsisakant... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]This final master thesis is dealing with the problem that concerns passive RES (in this case solar energy) application in the multi-storey buildings’ modernization process in Lithuania, although it is regulated by legal acts. The aim of the thesis is to evaluate all the possibilities of maximal possible solar energy gain application in in the multi-storey buildings’ modernization process and to prove, that such systems are suitable for Lithuania’s climate conditions. Based on acquaintance with present situation of analysed area, overview of similar already embodied projects in the other countries, possible analysis methods of solar energy systems, for further analysis modelling of new systems was chosen. Collection of the data, needed for modelling, involved not only overview of literature or processing of actual parameters data series, but also monitoring and analysis of already operating solar energy system with flat-plate solar collectors that is used for domestic hot water preparation. For the object of analysis in Birštonas town, by using licenced program, the model of energy was created. Final modelling results were used in further economic and primary energy related calculations. In total 7 different scenarios, comprising two main active solar energy systems – solar collectors and photovoltaics – were analysed. The results validated the statement, that solar energy can be successfully employed in old multi-storey buildings’ refurbishment in Lithuania based on both... [to full text]
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Размахова, Анастасія Артемівна, and Anastasiya Razmahova. "Дослідження фундаменту сімнацятиповерхового житлового будинку в м.Львові." Thesis, Тернопільський національний технічний університет імені Івана Пулюя, 2017. http://elartu.tntu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/19464.
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У магістерській роботі розроблено проектно-технологічну документацію для будівництва сімнадцятиповерхового житлового будинку з
дослідженням фундаментів, залізобетонних лементів будівлі та теплотехнічним розрахунком багатошарових утеплених стін і покриття.
Проведено техніко-економічне обґрунтування будівництва. Запропоновано заходи з техніки безпеки на будівельному майданчикуThe design and technological documentation for the construction of residential building with seventeen floors is developed in the master’s paper. The research of foundations, reinforced concrete building elements and thermo calculation of multilayer insulated walls and roof is carried out. The economic efficiency of the project is substantiated. The safety measures at the construction site are proposed.
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Баязитова, Ю. А., and Yu A. Bayazitova. "Исследование многоэтажных рамных каркасов с двутаврами с гофрированными стенками : магистерская диссертация." Master's thesis, б. и, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10995/94605.
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Работа посвящена изучению работы сварных двутавров с гофрированной стенкой в качестве элементов многоэтажных рамных каркасов различного назначения. Проанализированы существующие практические решения таких конструкций, обобщены теоретические подходы и методики расчета изгибаемых и внецентренно-сжатых элементов с гофрированной стенкой. Приведен пример численного расчета многоэтажного рамного каркаса, состоящего из ригелей и колонн с гофрированными стенками. Разработаны узлы крепления элементов каркаса друг к другу и к смежным конструкциям. В рамках исследования установлено, что применение сварных двутавров с гофрированной стенкой позволяет снизить металлоемкость реализации решения как для ригелей, так и для колонн многоэтажных рам зданий без снижения требуемой несущей способности и эксплуатационной надежности конструкции.Present work is devoted to the study of the operation of welded I-sections with a corrugated web as elements of multi-storey frame structures for various purposes. The existing practical solutions for such structures are analyzed, theoretical approaches and methods for calculating of bending and eccentrically compressed elements with a corrugated web are generalized. An example of a numerical calculation of a multi-storey frame structure consisting of girders and columns with corrugated webs is given. The joints for fastening the frame elements to each other and to adjacent structures have been developed. Within the framework of the study, it was found that the use of welded I-sections with a corrugated webs makes it possible to reduce the metal consumption of the solution as for girders and as columns of multi-storey building frames without reducing the required bearing capacity and operational reliability of the structure.
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Olsson, Jörgen. "Low Frequency Impact Sound in Timber Buildings : Simulations and Measurements." Licentiate thesis, Linneaus Univeristy, Sweden; SP Technical Research Institute of Sweden, Sweden, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-58068.
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An increased share of construction with timber is one possible way of achieving more sustainable and energy-efficient life cycles of buildings. The main reason is that wood is a renewable material and buildings require a large amount of resources. Timber buildings taller than two storeys were prohibited in Europe until the 1990s due to fire regulations. In 1994, this prohibition was removed in Sweden. Some of the early multi-storey timber buildings were associated with more complaints due to impact sound than concrete buildings with the same measured impact sound class rating. Research in later years has shown that the frequency range used for rating has not been sufficiently low in order to include all the sound characteristics that are important for subjective perception of impact sound in light weight timber buildings. The AkuLite project showed that the frequency range has to be extended down to 20 Hz in order to give a good quality of the rating. This low frequency range of interest requires a need for knowledge of the sound field distribution, how to best measure the sound, how to predict the sound transmission levels and how to correlate numerical predictions with measurements. Here, the goal is to improve the knowledge and methodology concerning measurements and predictions of low frequency impact sound in light weight timber buildings. Impact sound fields are determined by grid measurements in rooms within timber buildings with different designs of their joist floors. The measurements are used to increase the understanding of impact sound and to benchmark different field measurement methods. By estimating transfer functions, from impact forces to vibrations and then sound pressures in receiving rooms, from vibrational test data, improved possibilities to correlate the experimental results to numerical simulations are achieved. A number of excitation devices are compared experimentally to evaluate different characteristics of the test data achieved. Further, comparisons between a timber based hybrid joist floor and a modern concrete floor are made using FE-models to evaluate how stiffness and surface mass parameters affect the impact sound transfer and the radiation. The measurements of sound fields show that light weight timber floors in small rooms tend to have their highest sound levels in the low frequency region, where the modes are well separated, and that the highest levels even can occur below the frequency of the first room mode of the air. In rooms with excitation from the floor above, the highest levels tend to occur at the floor levels and in the floor corners, if the excitation is made in the middle of the room above. Due to nonlinearities, the excitation levels may affect the transfer function in low frequencies which was shown in an experimental study. Surface mass and bending stiffness of floor systems are shown, by simulations, to be important for the amount of sound radiated. By applying a transfer function methodology, measuring the excitation forces as well as the responses, improvements of correlation analyses between measurements and simulations can be achievedProWood
Silent Timber Build
Urban Tranquility
BioInnovation FBBB
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Cejpek, Martin. "Ocelová konstrukce vícepodlažní administrativní budovy." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-371829.
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The main target is to design and asses the steel structure of a administartive multi-storey building. The steel structure is T shaped, with 30m span and 42m length. An analysis of two solutions of the supporting structure was performed. The first variant is consists of rigid bracing system. Trusses bracing in the second variant is an alternative solution. Both variants were compared and the amount of steel was found. The selected option was developed in greater details with static calculation, drawings and material report of steel.
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Sarvghad-Moghadam, Abdoreza. "Seismic torsional response of asymmetrical multi-storey frame buildings." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape11/PQDD_0003/NQ42874.pdf.
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Yeh, Yu-Hsiang. "Comparative life cycle assessment of multi-storey timber buildings." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2014. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-151947.
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The entire comparative estimation comprises four sections: 1. Embodied environmental implications of different structural systems of wooden buildings; 2. Embodied ecological efficiency of diverse constructions composed of various materials; 3. LCA of building models comprising equivalent thermal performance; 4. LCA of building models exhibiting similar seismic behaviour. First, the LCA results for thirty realised buildings are analysed based on the inventory of each project. This evaluation is intended to quantify and compare the embodied environmental burdens caused by different structural systems of timber houses. The second section is a comparative evaluation of the embodied ecological impacts caused by different materials, when used in the same construction. This study aims to investigate the ecological efficiency of various materials in the form of whole structures. With regard to making a compatible and reasonable LCA comparison, however, the appraisal needs a more scientific framework. In order to address this insufficiency, the third and fourth LCA studies are carried out. The third section involves various buildings made of different materials but providing equivalent thermal performance. Within this estimation, the thermal performance of a building is simply represented by the thermal inertia of its outer walls. Constructions composed of alternative envelopes are established and LCA based on the inventories of these structures are carried out. The fourth section examines three structures composed of three building materials but exhibiting similar seismic behaviour. In this study, the horizontal stiffness of the entire building against earthquakes indicates its seismic performance. The simulation develops alternative multi-storey buildings according to the seismic performance. The environmental impacts of the three buildings are quantified and compared. Both the third and fourth sections take the recycling scenarios into account. The impact of disposal after the end-of-life and the contribution from reuse and recovery are integrated into the overall impact assessment. Defining the system boundary and scope is essential for LCA studies. Normally, LCA framework refers to a ‘from-cradle-to-grave’ scenario, including the manufacturing, utilisation and dismantling phases. In the studies here, however, the estimation is focused on the production and recycling stages, without the results for utilisation and maintenance. This appraisal is the so-called ‘from-cradle-to-gate’ plus ‘from-gate-to-grave’ system. Compared to former research, this dissertation raises a couple of innovative contributions to the sustainability appraisals of constructions: 1. The scopes are focused on the structural part of buildings, considering the congruent system boundary for LCA. 2. A series of LCAs compare various building materials in the form of construction, integrating diverse aspects about buildings like thermal and seismic performance. 3. These LCAs are based on consistent prerequisites and make it possible to compare the results comprehensively. 4. In addition to embodied implications, these LCA quantify the contribution from material recycling. 5. This study divides the timber buildings according to their structural systems and estimates them individuallyDie vergleichende Bewertung der Umweltleistung mehrgeschossiger Wohnbauten umfasst vier Abschnitte: 1. Ökologische Auswirkungen der Bereitstellung und Bearbeitung von Holz für verschiedene Tragsysteme; 2. Material- und herstellungsinduzierte (graue) Umwelteffizienz von verschiedenen Materialien und Bauweisen; 3. Ökobilanzierung von Gebäuden mit gleichen thermischen Eigenschaften; 4. Ökobilanzierung von Gebäuden mit ähnlichem seismischen Verhalten. Zunächst werden die Ergebnisse der Ökobilanz für dreißig realisierte Bauten auf der Grundlage der Sachbilanzen analysiert. Diese Auswertung vergleicht und quantifiziert die materialbezogene Umweltbelastung für verschiedene Tragsysteme mehrgeschossiger Wohnbauten aus Holz. Der zweite Abschnitt vergleicht die ökologischen Auswirkungen verschiedener Baustoffe, wobei jeweils der gleiche Konstruktionstyp zugrunde gelegt wird. Das Ziel dieser Studie ist die Untersuchung der Umwelteffizienz unterschiedlicher Materialien auf der Ebene der Gebäudeteile. In Hinblick auf die Kompatibilität und Plausibilität der Ökobilanz wird mit der dritten und vierten LCA ein einheitlicher Bewertungsansatz geschaffen. Der dritte Abschnitt handelt von verschiedenen Gebäudetypen mit gleichem Wärmestandard aber unterschiedlichen Baustoffen, wobei die Wärmeeffizienz vereinfachend durch den Wärmedurchgangswiderstand der Außenwände erfasst wird. Es werden Baukonstruktionen mit alternativen Gebäudehüllen entwickelt und auf der Grundlage der Sachbilanzen ökologisch bewertet. Der vierte Abschnitt untersucht drei Strukturen aus verschiedenen Baustoffen mit ähnlichem seismischen Verhalten. Diese Studie verwendet die horizontale Steifigkeit des Gebäudes gegen Erdbebenerschütterungen als Indikator für die seismische Leistungsfähigkeit. Auf der Basis dieses Indikators werden konstruktive Alternativen für mehrgeschossige Gebäuden entwickelt und deren Umweltwirkungen quantitativ ermittelt. Sowohl im dritten als auch im vierten Abschnitt werden unterschiedliche Recyclingszenarien berücksichtigt. Die Auswirkungen auf die Umwelt, die nach der Nutzungsdauer infolge der Abfallbeseitigung, des Materialrecycling oder die Wiederverwendung entstehen, werden in die gesamte Umweltwirkungsabschätzung integriert. Die Festlegung der Systemgrenzen und der Umfang der Betrachtung ist für die Ökobilanz unerlässlich. Normalerweise betrachten diese alle Lebenszyklusphasen eines Produkts, einschließlich Herstellung, Nutzung und Recyclings („from-cradle-to-grave“). Die hier betrachteten Untersuchungen beschränken sich jedoch auf die Phasen der Produktion und des Recyclings. Umweltauswirkungen infolge der Nutzung und Wartung des Gebäudes werden nicht berücksichtigt ( „from-cradle-to-gate“ und „from-gate-to-grave“). Im Vergleich mit früheren Forschungsergebnissen arbeitet diese Dissertation innovative Beiträge zur Umweltbewertung von Baukonstruktionen heraus: 1. Der Rahmen der Untersuchung erstreckt sich auf die Bauteile der Gebäudestruktur, was zu einer einheitlichen Systemgrenze für die Ökobilanzen führt. 2. Die Datenreihen der Ökobilanzen vergleichen verschiedenartige Baumaterialien auf der Ebene von Gebäudeteilen unter verschiedenen Aspekten. 3. Diesen Ökobilanzen liegen einheitliche Voraussetzungen zugrunde. Dadurch ist es möglich, die Ergebnisse umfassend zu vergleichen. 4. Neben den material- und herstellungsinduzierten Umweltauswirkungen quantifizieren diese Ökobilanzen direkt den Beitrag des Materialrecyclings. 5. Die Arbeit klassifiziert die mehrgeschossigen Holzbauten nach Tragsystemen und bewertet diese individuell
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Palermo, Antonio. "Influence of cladding on robustness of multi-storey buildings." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2013. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/6003/.
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In this dissertation the influence of a precast concrete cladding system on structural robustness of a multi-storey steel-composite building is studied. The analysis follows the well-established framework developed at Imperial College London for the appraisal of robustness of multi-storey buildings. For this scope a simplified nonlinear model of a typical precast concrete façade-system is developed. Particular attention is given to the connection system between structural frame and panel, recognised as the driving component of the nonlinear behaviour of the façade-system. Only connections involved in the gravity load path are evaluated (bearing connections).
Together with standard connection, a newly proposed system (Slotted Bearing Connection) is designed to achieve a more ductile behaviour of the panel-connection system. A parametric study involving the dimensions of panel-connection components is developed to search for an optimal configuration of the bearing connection.
From the appraisal of structural robustness of the panelised frame it is found that the standard connection systems may reduce the robustness of a multi-storey frame due to a poor ductile behaviour while the newly proposed connection is able to guarantee an enhanced response to the panelised multi-storey frame thanks to a higher ductility.
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Larsson, Joel. "Förstärkning av träregelstomme med KL-trä : Teoretisk utvärdering av olika ytterväggstyper." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-79466.
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På senare tid har intresset för och viljan att bygga flerbostadshus i trä ökat och medfört en trend att bygga allt högre hus med stomme av trä. En aktör är Lindbäcks Bygg som bygger flerbostadshusi trä med volymelement och lätt regelstomme. Idag begränsas dock möjligt antal våningar med regelstomme till 6 – 8 våningar. Ett relativt nytt material inom träbyggnadstekniken är korslimmat trä (KL-trä) vars användning gjort det möjligt att bygga högre byggnader i trä. Examensarbetets syfte är att studera olika lösningar för hur Lindbäcks regelstomme kan förstärkas med KL-trä, vilket kan göra det möjligt att bygga allt högre flerbostadshus i trä. Samt att jämföra denna lösning med den idag använda regelstommen utan KL-trä. Studien har avgränsats till att enbart behandla ytterväggar. För att uppskatta rimliga laster på ytterväggar i en flervåningsbyggnad togs en principbyggnad (ihopsatt av ett antal volymelement) fram. I beräkningar tillämpades ett antal olika ytterväggstyper, en med den idag användaregelstommen (referensvägg) samt fem med regelstomme i kombination med KL-skivor i olika tjocklekar. För principbyggnaden kontrollerades genom beräkningar hur högt det är möjligt att bygga vid tillämpning av vardera ytterväggstyp. De olika ytterväggstyperna med KL-trä jämfördes även med referensytterväggen utifrån U-värde samt kostnad. Idag används KL-trä ibland av Lindbäcks och då som stabiliserande väggar. I deras fabriker tillämpas en lösning där KL-träskivorna fälls in mellan syll och hammarband tillsammans med reglarna. Beräkningar har visat att det, för principbyggnaden, med denna lösning är möjligt att bygga maximalt 2 våningar högre jämfört med referensytterväggen, detta för den bästa av ytterväggstypernaförstärkta med KL-trä. Det som begränsar ett högre antal våningar är trycket vinkelrätt fiberriktningen på syllen under KL-skivorna. Beräkningar visar att det finns en potential att med regelstomme förstärkt med KL-trä kunna bygga ännu högre om en annan lösning används där KL-träskivorna placeras på utsidan av syll, hammarband och reglar istället för infälld mellan syll och hammarband. Med denna lösning undviks tryck vinkelrätt fiberriktningen på syll under KL-skivor och KL-skivans kapacitet kan utnyttjas effektivare då normalkraftskapaciteten för själva skivan blir den begränsande faktorn för hur högt det går att bygga. Enligt beräkningar är det, för principbyggnaden, med denna lösning möjligt att bygga uppemot 8 våningar högre än med referensytterväggen. När KL-trä används i stommen ökar energiförlusterna genom väggen, dvs. U-värdet ökar, då reglar med mellanliggande isolering ersätts av KL-trä med sämre värmeledningsförmåga. Enligt beräkningar uppskattas U-värdet öka jmf. med för referensyttervägg, detta med ca. 20 – 40 % beroende på ytterväggstyp. Ökningen kan dock begränsas till ca. 0,4 – 14 % genom införande av ett 45 mm installationsskikt med isolering på väggens insida. Även kostnaden för ytterväggstyper med regelstomme förstärkt med KL-trä uppskattas öka jmf. med uppskattad kostnad för referensyttervägg. Detta med uppskattningsvis 40 – 50 %, vilket till huvudsak är en följd av ökad materialkostnad för KL-skivor som delvis ersätter reglar med mellanliggande isolering.Today there is an increased interest in building taller buildings with timber. Lindbäcks Bygg is one of companies that uses modular construction with light timber stud frames. However, a problem with light timber frames is that the building height is limited to roughly 6 - 8 stories. A relatively new product in timber engineering is cross laminated timber (CLT) and the use of this product have made it possible to build taller timber buildings. The purpose of this study is to investigate different solutions for how Lindbäcks can strengthen their stud frames by using CLT and thereby build taller buildings. The difference with respect to U-value and cost between the walls strengthened width CLT and the typical stud frame wall, that is used today, is also studied. The study has been limited to exterior walls only. A multi-storey building consisting of several modules/volume elements has been used to estimate reasonable loads on the exterior walls. Different wall types, one with the ordinary stud frame (the reference wall) and five types of stud walls strengthened with different thicknesses of CLT, have been investigated. The maximal number of storeys that can be build, the U-value and the cost were determined by calculations for each of the studied wall types and were compared with the results for the reference wall. Today, Lindbäcks Bygg sometimes uses CLT for stabilizing walls. In their factories, they use a solution in which the CLT-plate is placed between the top and bottom plate together with the studs. According to the calculations it is, with this solution, possible to build up to 2 storeys higher then with the reference wall. The limiting factor for how high it is possible to build, is compression perpendicular to the grain on the bottom plate underneath the CLT-plate. If a solution where the CLT-plate is placed on the outside of the frame (consisting of studs, top and bottom plate) is used instead of between the top and bottom plate does the calculations show that a higher number of storeys is possible. With this solution, the compression perpendicular to the grain underneath the CLT-plate is avoided and the limiting factor is instead the compression strength of the CLT-plate. This means that the CLT can be used more efficiently. Calculations show that it is possible to build up to 8 storeys higher with this solution compared to what is possible with the reference wall. With CLT increases the energy losses through the wall, i.e. increased U-value, since studs with insulation in between is partially replaced with CLT that has worse thermal conductivity. According to the calculations, the U-value is 20 – 40 % higher (depending on the wall type) compared to the reference wall. The increase in U-value can be limited to 0.4 – 14 % by adding an extra layer with 45 mm insulation on the inside of the CLT-plate. The cost for the wall types strengthened with CLT is also higher compared to the estimated cost for the reference wall. The main reason for this is increased cost of materials since the studs with insulation in between is partially replaced with the more expensive CLT, which is an engineered wood product. The increase in cost is estimated to roughly 40 – 50 % of the cost for the reference wall.
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Tapšáková, Ivana. "Multifunkční objekt ve Znojmě." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-226906.
Full textAbstract:
The subject of the master thesis is a design and static analysis of the load-bearing multi-storey steel structure with the timber entrance shelter of the multifunctional building in Znojmo city. There is a shopping centre situated on the ground floor, other floors are mostly used as offices. The ground plan of the steel structure has a shape of a regular 20-tagon with circumscribed circle diameter 30 m. The height is 35,5 m. The building has 6 storeys at all. The racking resistance is ensured by combination of frame-shear truss and rigid frame. In the front part of the building there is an airy cut-out space situated and it is running from the ground floor until the roof structure. The glue laminated timber shelter by the entrance of the building reaches a height of the first floor and its length is 10 m.
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Acred, Andrew. "Natural ventilation in multi-storey buildings : a preliminary design approach." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/34322.
Full textAbstract:
Natural ventilation is a low-energy design strategy that has the potential both to significantly reduce energy usage in buildings and to provide a healthy and comfortable indoor environment. It has particular potential for use in tall, multi-storey buildings. However, the integration of natural ventilation into these large building designs has seen mixed success. Furthermore, there is a gap between simple 'rule-of-thumb' design guidance and detailed, computational design tools. This research attempts to bridge the gap between the simple and detailed with the broad aim of providing rapid and intuitive guidance for use in preliminary design. We use a simple mathematical approach to develop a coherent and easy-to-use framework for modelling ventilating flows, which quantifies the interactions between a core set of design variables. We focus in particular on buoyancy-driven ventilation in buildings with atria, ventilation stacks and/or similar vertical spaces that span multiple floors. Simple methods centred around hand calculations and design charts are developed to inform the sizing of vents in an 'ideal design' scenario, in which the desired ventilation flow rates and air temperatures are delivered to all occupants within a building. We define a measure of the ventilation performance of an atrium and use this to provide an indication of when an atrium is beneficial to a ventilation system design and when it is detrimental. We also use a transient flow analysis to consider 'off-design' scenarios, in which undesirable flow regimes may occur, and to place design tolerances on the building envelope. It is hoped that this work will form a point of reference for further research and for future revisions of design guidance literature.
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Lourens, Eliz-Mari. "CAD-supported preliminary column force calculations in multi-storey buildings." Thesis, Link to the online version, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10019/1850.
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O'Neill, James William. "The Fire Performance of Timber Floors in Multi-Storey Buildings." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Civil and Natural Resources Engineering, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/9655.
Full textAbstract:
This research investigated the fire performance of unprotected timber floors, focussing on composite joist floors, composite box floors and timber-concrete composite floors. The study of these floors was conducted using the finite element software ABAQUS using a thermo-stress analysis in three dimensions, and with experimental fire tests of floor assemblies. The major goal of this research was to develop a simplified design approach for timber floors, validated against the numerical and experimental work.
Four furnace tests were conducted on unprotected timber floor systems in the full-scale furnace at the BRANZ facilities in New Zealand. The tested floors were one-way strip floors with pinned support conditions exposed to the ISO 834 standard fire for varying durations of 30 – 105 minutes. The floors were loaded under standard office loading conditions of 3.0kPa live and 1.0kPa superimposed dead loading. The charring rates of the LVL timber members were found to range from 0.66 – 0.86 mm/min across all specimens. When designed to resist a similar load level both the composite joist and box floor types had a similar response to the fire loads, however the joist floors exhibited increased upward burning through the beam members in the latter stages of testing which may contribute to earlier failure times for smaller floor geometries.
A sequentially coupled thermal-stress analysis was conducted to determine the effects of a fire on floor assemblies under load. Firstly a thermal analysis was performed to determine the temperature profile of the floor assemblies for the duration of modelling, and then a stress analysis was performed using the temperature profile as input into the structural model. With regards to the thermal modelling, a proposed set of effective values was used to account for the mass transfer processes occurring in the timber. The thermal modelling predicted the charring damage of the floors tested in the experiments to within a few millimetres of precision, and the simplified assumptions made in relation to fire inputs, boundary conditions, mesh refinement and effective material parameters were accurate to the desired level of precision. A sensitivity study was conducted comparing different mesh sizes, time step sizes, material model approaches and software suites to determine any shortfalls which may be encountered in the analysis. It was found that a material model adopting a latent heat approach was the most adequate for modelling timber in fires using these effective values, and mesh sizes of up to 6 mm produced relatively precise results.
The structural modelling predicted the displacement response and failure times of the floors to within 20% of the experimental data, and the simplified assumptions made in relation to fire inputs, boundary conditions, mesh refinement and effective material properties were once again accurate to the desired level of precision. A modification to the reduction in tension strength at elevated temperatures was proposed to better predict the observed behaviour. A sensitivity study concluded that the material model definition plays a vital role in the output of the modelling. Non-standard fire exposures were also modelled for completeness.
A simplified design method to estimate the fire resistance of unprotected floor assemblies was also developed. The method uses a bi-linear charring rate the assumption of a zero strength layer in the timber. The method was compared to the experimental data from this research and others around the world. The results were also compared to other charring rate methodologies from around the world.
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Caudana, Quintana Humberto. "Semiactive friction connections for seismic control of multi-storey buildings." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2013. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/5041/.
Full textAbstract:
This document describes an investigation of the efficiency of friction-based passive and semiactive systems for control of the seismic response of multi-storey buildings, and the mechanisms behind their performance. Passive and semiactive systems are novel strategies used to reduce the seismic demand in structural systems by increasing the energy dissipation capacity and altering the dynamic properties of the building. The investigation is conducted by the means of simulations of the non-linear response of low- and medium-rise frames to a variety of seismic excitations with different frequency content, using a computer program especially designed for this purpose. The efficiency of existing passive and four semiactive control systems, as it was demonstrated by the simulations, is closely related to pre-defined control parameters, which limit their effectiveness. In order to investigate the possibility of improving the performance of the existing control systems, two new algorithms are also developed in this research, exploring decentralised and partially decentralised architectures. The novelty of these new algorithms is the use of variable gain factors that determine the required control forces either: (i) based on the relation between the real-time response of the structure and pre-defined values of target deformation, which in this investigation are related to the elastic limits of deformation in the frame (decentralised system); or (ii) by proportionally determining the control forces into a novel strategy of maintaining a constant inter-storey drift along the height of the building (partially decentralised system). The performance of the new control systems on four multi-storey frames is compared to that of existing passive and semiactive systems. The results indicate an improved performance in the two new systems, in comparison to existing strategies, in terms of enhanced adaptability, by not compromising the levels of response reduction, but using lower levels of control forces.
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Wrzesniak, Daniela. "Connection systems in multi storey timber buildings under seismic action." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trieste, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10077/10121.
Full textAbstract:
2012/2013Timber structures are currently experiencing a significant upturn. Reason for this are their distinct advantages concerning environmental and seismic aspects compared to steel and concrete structures. “Open space” and “multi-story” are no longer attributes which are exclusively used in connection with concrete and steel structures. Key aspects are the connection systems. Finding a high strength and ductile connection solution is especially challenging when seismic loads are considered. Designing a connection which does not undergo damage in a seismic event is another characteristic aimed for. This study presents a numerical investigation on the ductile behaviour of high strength tube type fasteners for post and beam joints. This new type of connection was developed at the University of Delft, the Netherlands. Different types of multi-story frames and a portal frame, made of glulam, were subjected to a set of different ground motion. The conducted incremental dynamic analysis revealed that q-factor of 2.5 and a high q-factor of 3.0 can be applied for portal frames and multi-story timber frames respectively. Although damage to timber parts is mostly avoided, the fasteners have to be replaced after a seismic event. The feasibility and behaviour of a conventional bolted connection for glulam walls subjected to high, seismic loads were experimentally studied. Both, the dynamic tests on timber walls with bolted anchorage and complementary tests on single dowelled connections showed, that brittle failure mechanisms can be delayed by applying simple design rules; such as increased spacing and distances. Utilizing reinforcement, ductile connection behaviour can be achieved. Irreversible damage to both timber and fasteners has to be anticipated when using this connection type. The applicability and response of an innovative viscous type damper in a glue laminated (Glulam) timber wall was numerically and experimentally studied. The high-force-to-volume (HF2V) viscous damper was developed at the University of Canterbury, New Zealand. The interaction between the devices and the flexibility properties of the timber wall and its connecting elements were investigated. The influence of additional weight on the self-centring behaviour of the damping devices was studied. The tests revealed that utilizing the HF2V devices in a timber wall, a damage-free system is achieved. The tests were completed without damage occurring to the dampers, the damper to wall connection and damper to foundation connection. Utilizing these devices result in high-strength, ductile and damage free design solutions for timber structures under seismic loads. The mathematical model which was developed based on the experimental findings can be used to determine the displacement time-history and structural reaction forces for a timber wall with HF2V viscous damping devices. This study contributes to the on-going research on suitable damage avoidance connection systems for multi-story, open plan timber structures under seismic loads. Advantages and disadvantages concerning the behaviour of the different systems under repetitive cyclic loading are highlighted as well as some specific areas that could benefit from further research. The presented results contribute to the understanding of the behaviour of connection systems which have so far not or not sufficiently been studied in timber elements subjected to seismic loading.
XXVI Ciclo
1980
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Pacchioli, Stefano <1991>. "Cross-laminated timber buildings: numerical analysis of multi-storey structures." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2021. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/9693/1/PhD_Thesis-Stefano%20Pacchioli.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of the thesis is to analyze the seismic behavior of Cross Laminated Timber (CLT) buildings.
With the aim of developing the most significant themes concerning multi-storey CLT buildings, it was decided to divide this work into the two macro-topics listed below and treated independently.
The first topic concerns the different modeling methodologies used for the characterization of the seismic behavior of CLT multi-storey buildings. As regards linear analysis, the two different numerical modeling strategies commonly used in research field and in design field were analyzed with the aim of defining a simplified calculation strategy that can be used by practitioners to correctly predict the behavior of CLT structures.
Moving on to the non-linear analyses, the fundamental period of CLT multi-storey buildings was investigated thanks to the use of time-history analysis with sinusoidal variable frequency input. In detail, the influence of stabilizing vertical loads on the overall stiffness of the structure has been studied. Formulations useful for the evaluation of the fundamental proper period were proposed, correlating the latter to the lateral drift of the building.
The second macro-topic treated in the thesis concerns the definition of a design methodology that allows to optimize the number of seismic-resistant walls and therefore to use a limited number of walls resistant to horizontal forces while the rest have to withstand only to vertical loads. An innovative connection system based on the use of vertical steel ties as alternative or in addition to traditional earthquake-resistant systems and able to withstand high seismic tensile forces and to limit inter-storey drifts was developed.
Finally, some technological solutions regarding the innovative system just described were studied paying attention to both the structural and the durability / energy efficiency issues.Scopo della tesi è quello di analizzare il comportamento sismico degli edifici multipiano con struttura portante a pannelli massicci composti da tavole incollate ed incrociate, comunemente conosciuti come pannelli Cross Laminated Timber (CLT). Con lo scopo di approfondire i temi ritenuti più significativi riguardanti gli edifici multipiano in CLT, si è deciso di dividere il presente lavoro nei due macro-argomenti riportati di seguito. Il primo argomento riguarda le diverse metodologie di modellazione impiegate per la caratterizzazione del comportamento sismico di edifici multipiano in CLT. Per quanto riguarda l’ambito lineare sono state analizzate le due diverse strategie di modellazione numerica utilizzate abitualmente nel mondo della ricerca e della progettazione con lo scopo di andare a definire un modello di calcolo semplificato utilizzabile dai professionisti per predire correttamente il comportamento globale delle strutture in CLT. Passando alle analisi del tipo non lineare, si è investigato il periodo proprio fondamentale degli edifici multipiano in CLT grazie all’utilizzo di analisi time-history con input sinusoidale a frequenza variabile. Nel dettaglio si è studiata l’influenza del carico verticale stabilizzante sulla rigidezza globale della struttura. Sono state proposte formulazioni utili alla valutazione del periodo proprio fondamentale, correlando quest’ultimo allo spostamento laterale dell’edificio. Il secondo macro-argomento trattato nella tesi riguarda la definizione di una metodologia di progettazione che consente di ottimizzare il numero di pareti sismoresistenti ovvero di utilizzare un numero limitato di pareti resistenti alle forze orizzontali mentre le restanti sono sollecitate da soli carichi verticali. E’ stato sviluppato un sistema di connessione innovativo basato su piatti di acciaio continui lungo l’altezza della parete da disporre alle estremità di quest’ultime in grado di resistere alle elevate forze di trazione e di conferire sufficienza rigidezza alla struttura. Infine sono state proposte alcune soluzioni tecnologiche riguardanti il sistema innovativo appena descritto in grado di permetterne l’applicazione.
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Dunbar, Andrew James McLean. "Seismic Design of Core-Wall Systems for Multi-Storey Timber Buildings." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Civil and Natural Resources Engineering, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/9047.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis discusses the results of experimental tests on two post-tensioned timber core-walls, tested under bi-directional quasi-static seismic loading. The half-scale two-storey test specimens included a stair with half-flight landings.
Multi-storey timber structures are becoming increasingly desirable for architects and building owners due to their aesthetic and environmental benefits. In addition, there is increasing public pressure to have low damage structural systems with minimal business interruption after a moderate to severe seismic event.
Timber has been used extensively for low-rise residential structures in the past, but has been utilised much less for multi-storey structures, traditionally limited to residential type building layouts which use light timber framing and include many walls to form a lateral load resisting system. This is undesirable for multi-storey commercial buildings which need large open spaces providing building owners with versatility in their desired floor plan. The use of Cross-Laminated Timber (CLT) panels for multi-storey timber buildings is gaining popularity throughout the world, especially for residential construction.
Previous experimental testing has been done on the in-plane behaviour of single and coupled post-tensioned timber walls at the University of Canterbury and elsewhere. However, there has been very little research done on the 3D behaviour of timber walls that are orthogonal to each other and no research to date into post-tensioned CLT walls.
The “high seismic option” consisted of full height post-tensioned CLT walls coupled with energy dissipating U-shaped Flexural Plates (UFPs) attached at the vertical joints between coupled wall panels and between wall panels and the steel corner columns. An alternative “low seismic option” consisted of post-tensioned CLT panels connected by screws, to provide a semi-rigid connection, allowing relative movement between the panels, producing some level of frictional energy dissipation.
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Mostafa, Amira M. "Low energy cooling in multi-storey buildings for hot, arid climates." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/76013.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 1989.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 122-125).
This thesis discusses passive and low energy cooling strategies and systems in hot arid climates. The choice of a certain strategy, as well as determining the appropriate cooling schemes for such a context becomes of prime importance in developing the optimum energy conscious building design. The motivation for working in this area of research stems for the need facing architects to start developing a serious sense for energy considerations in their architectural design, especially in existing and multi-storey buildings. Here, in this research, the different factors that govern the control of heat gain through the envelope of the building will be analyzed. Also, solutions to minimize the cooling load for dwellings will be suggested/provided; by means of selecting the adequate cooling systems (evaporative, convective, and radiative) that promote the optimum desired thermal comfort. This research concludes its technical analysis with an architectural design for two schemes; The first is a cooling system that can be applied to new buildings, or retrofitted to existing ones. It uses evaporative coolers and solar chimney systems at daytime. It also uses night-time forced ventilation to cool the ordinary slab. The second can be applied in new buildings. It uses evaporative coolers and solar chimney systems at day-time. It also uses night-time forced ventilation through cored slabs. This design, and these schemes, are perceived as a starting point for further development and more research.
by Amira M. Mostafa.
M.S.
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Iqbal, Md Asif. "Seismic response and design of subassemblies for multi-storey prestressed timber buildings." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Civil and Natural Resources Engineering, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/5379.
Full textAbstract:
Timber has experienced renewed interests as a sustainable building material in recent times. Although traditionally it has been the prime choice for residential construction in New Zealand and some other parts of the world, its use can be increased significantly in the future through a wider range of applications, particularly when adopting engineered wood material, Research has been started on the development of innovative solutions for multi-storey non-residential timber buildings in recent years and this study is part of that initiative. Application of timber in commercial and office spaces posed some challenges with requirements of large column-free spaces. The current construction practice with timber is not properly suited for structures with the aforementioned required characteristics and new type of structures has to be developed for this type of applications.
Any new structural system has to have adequate capacity for carry the gravity and lateral loads due to occupancy and the environmental effects. Along with wind loading, one of the major sources of lateral loads is earthquakes. New Zealand, being located in a seismically active region, has significant risk of earthquake hazard specially in the central region of the country and any structure has be designed for the seismic loading appropriate for the locality.
There have been some significant developments in precast concrete in terms of solutions for earthquake resistant structures in the last decade. The “Hybrid” concept combining post-tensioning and energy dissipating elements with structural members has been introduced in the late 1990s by the precast concrete industry to achieve moment-resistant connections based on dry jointed ductile connections. Recent research at the University of Canterbury has shown that the concept can be adopted for timber for similar applications. Hybrid timber frames using post-tensioned beams and dissipaters have the potential to allow longer spans and smaller cross sections than other forms of solid timber frames. Buildings with post-tensioned frames and walls can have larger column-free spaces which is a particular advantage for non-residential applications.
While other researchers are focusing on whole structural systems, this research concentrated on the analysis and design of individual members and connections between members or between member and foundation. This thesis extends existing knowledge on the seismic behaviour and response of post-tensioned single walls, columns under uni-direction loads and small scale beam-column joint connections into the response and design of post-tensioned coupled walls, columns under bi-directional loading and full-scale beam-column joints, as well as to generate further insight into practical applications of the design concept for subassemblies. Extensive experimental investigation of walls, column and beam-column joints provided valuable confirmation of the satisfactory performance of these systems. In general, they all exhibited almost complete re-centering capacity and significant energy dissipation, without resulting into structural damage. The different configurations tested also demonstrated the flexibility in design and possibilities for applications in practical structures.
Based on the experimental results, numerical models were developed and refined from previous literature in precast concrete jointed ductile connections to predict the behaviour of post-tensioned timber subassemblies. The calibrated models also suggest the values of relevant parameters for applications in further analysis and design. Section analyses involving those parameters are performed to develop procedures to calculate moment capacities of the subassemblies.
The typical features and geometric configurations the different types of subassemblies are similar with the only major difference in the connection interfaces. With adoption of appropriate values representing the corresponding connection interface and incorporation of the details of geometry and configurations, moment capacities of all the subassemblies can be calculated with the same scheme. That is found to be true for both post-tensioned-only and hybrid specimens and also applied for both uni-directional and bi-directional loading. The common section analysis and moment capacity calculation procedure is applied in the general design approach for subassemblies.
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Lynch, Paul Michael. "Aspects of the fluid mechanics of night-purging multi-storey atrium buildings." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/39134.
Full textAbstract:
This research concerns the mathematical and physical modelling of the buoyancy-driven flow of warm air at night from a multi-storey atrium building by displacement ventilation. The process of clearing warm air from a building at night is known as 'night-purging'. The primary aim of this research was to enhance understanding of these flows to thereby facilitate efficient design of passively night-purged buildings. The thesis begins with a review of research on natural ventilation and night-purging. Particular focus is given to the conditions for achieving classical displacement flow, in which there is an absence of mixing between warm and cool air, as this has been shown to be the most efficient means of removing warm air from a space. We identify that the dynamics of the plumes of warm air discharged from the storeys into the atrium play a crucial role in the development of the thermal stratification in the atrium. The majority of research on turbulent plumes has concerned plumes from horizontal sources, while ventilation openings are often oriented at some angle off-horizontal. We therefore investigate how varying the angle of orientation of the plume source (or ventilation opening) affects the dynamics of the plume to determine the implications for buildings ventilated via wall-mounted windows. This modelling reveals that, for a significant proportion of a typical night-purge in a single storey, a plume from a vertically oriented opening will not project away from the opening. Thus the simple plume model we have developed will not apply during the late stages of a night-purge. In order to develop a model of plumes which do not project away from the source, we investigate the limiting case of a plume from a vertically distributed source (such as a vent) with zero source momentum flux, such that the motion is entirely parallel to the source. To investigate the overall flow in the building, guided by the results of the plume modelling, we develop a simplified mathematical model to predict the purging of warm air in a generic two-storey atrium building. The pre-dictions of the model enable the classification of night-purging behaviours into three distinct classes of flow, based on the chronology of a number of key events in the progression of a night-purge. Interrogation of the predictions suggests that two transitional behaviours which fall between the three classes of flow provide 'optimal' purging behaviour: one for purging just the storeys in a minimum time and the other for purging the entire building in a minimum time. Adaptation of the mathematical model facilitates the development of design curves for building designers to appropriately size ventilation openings in order to achieve the optimal night-purges. Complementary physical modelling in water-filled visualisation tanks enabled testing of the mathematical model predictions and optimal nightpurging behaviours. Whilst demonstrating the suitability of a simplified mathematical approach to predicting what are complex patterns of airflow, the physical modelling highlighted the complexity of the developing stratification in the atrium and raises a number of new questions for future research.
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Zaghloul, Hassan Mohamed. "Torsional response of multi-storey buildings using 3-D inelastic dynamic analysis." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/28129.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis investigates the static code provisions as they pertain to torsion of the 1985 edition of the National Building Code Of Canada (NBCC 85) for eccentric multistory buildings.
This is done by calculating the displacements and ductility demand of several practical five storey eccentric buildings designed according to the 1985 code, and comparing the response to similar non eccentric buildings.
The analysis is carried out using a modified version of the computer program PITSA, which carries out a pseudo elastic dynamic analysis to model the inelastic response. A modification to the program, developed in this thesis, accounts for the effect of gravity forces on the ductility demand.
A number of parameters are considered, namely the type of eccentricity, the aspect ratio, the gravity loads, gravity load distribution, and the initial eccentricity ratio. The effect of the design on each parameter is investigated. The following factors are seen to largely affect the reponse, but are not recognized in the code:
1. The static eccentricity specified in the code is not stated whether it is a result of an eccentric center of mass (CM) or an eccentric center of rigidity (CR) building. This study shows that the behavior of the CR buildings are different from CM buildings in that the bigger frames are more damaged in CR buildings but the smaller frames are more damaged in the CM buildings.
2. Gravity loads have a potentially large impact on the response. For beams carrying no gravity loads, the ductility demand in the upper floors is about 15, while ifthe gravity loads are considered to be eccentrically distributed, the ductility demand ranges from 2 to 5 with the bigger frames underdesigned and smaller frames overdesigned. When gravity loads are uniformly distributed, the code provisions are about right.
3. The ±50% increase in the nominal torsion specified in the code can be changed without a significant change in the ductility demand of the longitudinal frames as the torsional moments are essentially carried by the transverse frames.
4. The increase in the building dimension in the direction parallel to the earthquake results in an increase in the dynamic amplification, and the torsional provisions can generally be said to cover the highest possible dynamic amplification, as the design is generally acceptable for these buildings. The result of that is an overdesign in buildings with small aspect ratios, or alternatively, small dynamic amplification.
5. The torsional provisions tend to overdesign the bigger frames in CM buildings and overdesign the smaller frames in CR buildings for large eccentricity ratios.
Other findings pertinent to this study show the following:
1. The code-specified period used in the calculation of the design base shear is a conservative estimate. This period should be established using the structural properties and deformation characteristics of the resisting elements in a properly substantiated analysis.
2. The Modified Substitute Structure Method can now model a building with earthquake as well as static loads.
3. PITS A is a reliable tool in the evaluation of the damage in a three-dimensional frame buildings. 4. The torsional moments are essentially carried by the transverse frames, and the longitudinal frames resist lateral loads for an earthquake applied in the longitudinal direction.Applied Science, Faculty of
Civil Engineering, Department of
Graduate
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Smith, Tobias James. "Feasibility of Multi Storey Post-Tensioned Timber Buildings: Detailing, Cost and Construction." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Civil and Natural Resources Engineering, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/2587.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis describes a feasibility study into the use of a new method of timber construction developed in New Zealand. This new method combines the use of an engineered wood product (Laminated Veneer Lumber) and post-tensioned ductile connections. Three case study buildings are presented in concrete, steel and timber all representing current design and construction practice. A fourth building, referred to as the “timber plus” structure, is also considered with the addition of timber architectural components.
The case study timber building consists of two lateral resisting systems. In one direction post-tensioned LVL moment resisting frames are used, with post-tensioned cantilever walls in the orthogonal direction. Timber-concrete composite floor units are also used.
The method of design and detailing of the timber building is shown with member sizes being found to be comparable to that of the concrete structure. Sub-assembly testing is performed on some key connections with excellent results. Construction time is evaluated and compared to the concrete structure with similar construction times being achieved. Finally the costs of the case study buildings are calculated and compared. The costing found the four options to be similar in price with the Timber and Timber plus buildings showing only a 6% and 11% increase in total cost respectively.
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Nichol, Eric Andrew. "Experimental behaviour of inelastic mass-asymetric multi-storey buildings under seismic loading." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1999. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1318017/.
Full textAbstract:
Buildings with non coincident centres of mass and stiffness respond in both translation and rotation during seismic ground excitations. This translational and rotational interaction (torsional coupling) can lead to excessive forces in some structural members. This could possibly lead to structural failure if the building is not properly designed to accommodate this response interaction. Previous elastic analytical studies have determined the structural parameters that govern the degree of torsional coupling. However, the parameters found influencing torsional coupling during inelastic response in previous analytical studies have been found to be both more numerous and contradictory than those associated with the elastic response. This study concentrates on the inelastic behaviour of a series of four storey models representing idealized buildings. These building models have been developed from a previous experimental study on the elastic behaviour of torsional coupling. In this inelastic study, hinge units have been designed and used to simulate the yielding of the column or beam members in the experimental model, while maintaining ease of repeatability between tests. The yielding moment in these hinge units can be adjusted to alter the effective strength of the columns or beams in the model. This, along with the ability to vary the floor mass distribution, column sizes (diameter and length), and stiffness distribution allows for a degree of control on the structural parameters deemed important in previous inelastic analytical studies. Results are presented which illustrate the effects that the various structural configurations have on the different measures of inelastic building response, and its vulnerability to damage. These include changes in the building frequencies, member displacement ductilities and vulnerability, hysteretic energy dissipation, and peak structural responses. The study presents a comprehensive investigation of the column-yielding building models. Additionally, select key cases of the column yielding configurations are compared to both the beam-yielding models, and a computational model.
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Surovec, Daniel. "Patrová budova." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-372208.
Full textAbstract:
The object of this thesis is to design and assess steel structure of multi-storey office center in Vsetín. Floor plan dimensions of building are 48x40m. The building has ten floors. Overall height is 35,5m. The building ceilings made of composite steel and concrete structure. The part of build are roofer atrium and one bigger room aula with dimensions 24x16m. Two construction variants were designed and assessed. Longitudinal and transverse rigity of variant A is ensured by truss bracing. Transverse rigity of variant B is ensured by truss bracing and longitudinal rigity is braced by bracing frames. The variant A is better.
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Hummel, Johannes [Verfasser]. "Displacement-based seismic design for multi-storey cross laminated timber buildings / Johannes Hummel." Kassel : Kassel University Press, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1135308683/34.
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Brás, Xavier Helder Francisco. "The role of masonry infill in progressive collapse mitigation of multi-storey buildings." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/43154.
Full textAbstract:
The research presented in this thesis addresses the influence of non-structural masonry infill on the resistance of multi-storey buildings to progressive collapse under sudden column loss scenarios. In particular, the mechanical response of infilled frames in peripheral bays is investigated within the scope of a design-oriented robustness assessment framework. A ductility-centred progressive collapse assessment methodology recently developed at Imperial College is employed as a rational procedure to quantify structural robustness for sudden column loss. This allows due consideration of structural redundancy, ductility, strength, dynamic effects and energy absorption capabilities in a unified manner. In this way, robustness quantification is shifted from typical code recommendations into a sound performance-based mechanical assessment. The realistic contribution of masonry panels towards collapse arrest is examined considering the results from full-scale laboratory tests and accurate numerical simulations. Novel real-scale tests were performed on different two-bay frames with brick-masonry infill subjected to incremental pushdown deformation, capturing the dominant deformation mode actually found following removal of an edge column. In these physical tests, it was observed that the failure mechanisms and damage patterns displayed by the infilled frames under pushdown deformation are similar to those activated by lateral pushover loading. Chiefly, clear evidence of diagonal cracking and shear sliding, eventually culminating in crushing of the compressed corners were recorded during the tests. Different infill configurations were tested, including central openings and initial gaps between masonry and frame elements. Overall, a global stable response was observed even at the expense of severe damage in the masonry panels. Importantly, a monotonic supply of energy absorption was noticed with increasing vertical deformation, which translates into considerable robustness reserve associated with the confined infill walls. Secondly, advanced mesoscale finite element simulations were employed in order to capture the complex frame-infill interaction in the early stages of pushdown response, where it has been observed in a realistic case study that progressive collapse is effectively arrested at small dynamic deformations, with minimal damage to the masonry panels and surrounding structural elements. Finally, application of the robustness assessment framework allowed a critical comparison between the collapse resistance arising from secondary mechanisms typically considered in this context (such as floor membrane and beam catenary effects) and that related to the presence of masonry infill. While the former are quite effective at relatively large deformations, the latter is shown to add substantial contribution at small displacements. The conclusions in this thesis are particularly relevant within the context of retrofitting operations for robustness enhancement of existing structures, as a result of the growing demand for upgraded resilience of urban infrastructure. On the other hand, due account for masonry infill subject to proper quality control during the construction process is recommended for rational robustness design of new buildings.
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Brodecký, Miroslav. "Patrová budova s atriem." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-265534.
Full textAbstract:
The diploma work deals with a design of a steel load-bearing structure for a multi-storey building with an atrium consisting of five above ground floors. The property is situated into Blansko area. Its ground-plan measures are 32.5 x 56 m. The maximum height of the property is 23.2 m. The height of the floor is 4 m. Load-bearing structure is designed with articulated joints. The atrium roof is formed from truss girders. The design and assessment is done according to rules in operation.