Academic literature on the topic 'Multi-trace formulation'

Deminutive vocabulary is a vivid means of emotional and allegorical expression of a literary text, especially when it comes to Ukrainian folk songs. The need for its further study in terms of word formation, semantics and expressive possibilities in the literary text will clarify the idea of reduction as a word-forming category, the peculiarities of its use in Ukrainian folk songs. High derivational activity of diminutive suffixes in the modern Ukrainian language is a manifestation of the nominative function – the desire to call small objects (rarely – minor phenomena of reality) a derivative with a diminutive formant. With the help of diminutive suffixes the aesthetic function of the word is realized – the desire to give the lexical unit of expression, to introduce into it an additional shade of expression. Diminutives often used in adult language addressed to children, and in children's language. Each group of words of subjective evaluation characterized by certain forms used in the formation of derivatives and express an inexhaustible number of different shades of meaning. Derivational analysis can be complicat by the specific possibilities of context and intonation, as in language and speech there may be an erasure of the basic meaning of the subjective-evaluation token and its transition from one group of words of subjective evaluation to another. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the multi-vector exploration: an attempt to generalize the idea of diminutives as a word-forming category, including typical suffixes with which they are formed, their word-forming meanings and productivity, types of creative bases, and to trace the stylistic role of diminutives on Ukrainian folk songs. The relevance of the proposed exploration determined by the insufficient development of the topic of diminutive derivation in song folklore, the importance and role of diminutives in Ukrainian folk songs. The connection of the researched topic with the general problems of Ukrainian stylistic word formation also seems to be theoretically important and relevant. The aim of the research is to reveal the lexical-semantic and word-forming features of diminutives, as well as their stylistic load in the texts of Ukrainian folk songs. To achieve this goal it is necessary to perform the following research tasks: to outline the theoretical foundations of the study of diminutives as a type of derived words in modern linguistic literature; to characterize the specifics of Ukrainian diminutives; to carry out semantic classification of the considered diminutives; analyze the grammatical and structural properties of diminutives; to determine the stylistic role of diminutives in Ukrainian folk songs. Research methods: the main thing in the work is the descriptive method, with its universal methods of observation, systematization and interpretation of linguistic facts and phenomena. The presentation of the researched material is subject to clear logicization: substantiation of theoretical bases, presentative-analytical presentation of the fact, formulation of the concluding part.

The formulation of efficient supervised learning algorithms for spiking neurons is complicated and remains challenging. Most existing learning methods with the precisely firing times of spikes often result in relatively low efficiency and poor robustness to noise. To address these limitations, we propose a simple and effective multi-spike learning rule to train neurons to match their output spike number with a desired one. The proposed method will quickly find a local maximum value (directly related to the embedded feature) as the relevant signal for synaptic updates based on membrane potentia