Journal articles: 'Multidimensional Anxiety Scale for Children (MASC)'

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MARCH, JOHN S., JAMES D. A. PARKER, KEVIN SULLIVAN, PATRICIA STALLINGS, and C. KEITH CONNERS. "The Multidimensional Anxiety Scale for Children (MASC): Factor Structure, Reliability, and Validity." Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry 36, no. 4 (April 1997): 554–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004583-199704000-00019.

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van Gastel, Willemijn, and Robert F. Ferdinand. "Screening capacity of the Multidimensional Anxiety Scale for Children (MASC) for DSM-IV anxiety disorders." Depression and Anxiety 25, no. 12 (December 2008): 1046–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/da.20452.

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THOR OLASON, DANIEL, MAGNUS BLONDAHL SIGHVATSSON, and JAKOB SMARI. "Psychometric properties of the Multidimensional Anxiety Scale for Children (MASC) among Icelandic schoolchildren." Scandinavian Journal of Psychology 45, no. 5 (November 2004): 429–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9450.2004.00424.x.

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Ivarsson, Tord. "Normative data for the Multidimensional Anxiety Scale for Children (MASC) in Swedish adolescents." Nordic Journal of Psychiatry 60, no. 2 (January 2006): 107–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08039480600588067.

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March, J. S., C. Conners, G. Arnold, J. Epstein, J. Parker, S. Hinshaw, H. Abikoff, et al. "The Multidimensional Anxiety Scale for Children (MASC): Confirmatory factor analysis in a pediatric ADHD sample." Journal of Attention Disorders 3, no. 2 (July 1999): 85–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/108705479900300202.

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Houghton, Stephen, Nadiyah Alsalmi, Carol Tan, Myra Taylor, and Kevin Durkin. "Treating Comorbid Anxiety in Adolescents With ADHD Using a Cognitive Behavior Therapy Program Approach." Journal of Attention Disorders 21, no. 13 (February 4, 2013): 1094–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1087054712473182.

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Objective: To evaluate an 8-week cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) treatment specifically designed for adolescents with ADHD and comorbid anxiety. Method: Using a multiple baseline design, nine adolescents (13 years to 16 years 9 months) received a weekly CBT, which focused on four identified anxiety-arousing times. Participants self-recorded their levels of anxiety for each of the four times during baseline, intervention, and a maintenance phase. Anxiety was also assessed using the Multidimensional Anxiety Scale for Children (MASC). Results: Paired samples t tests supported the success of the intervention. Interrupted time-series data for each participant revealed varying rates of success across the four times, however. The MASC data revealed significant reductions in Physical Symptoms of Anxiety, Social Anxiety, Separation Anxiety, Harm Avoidance, and Total Anxiety. Conclusion: The data demonstrate the efficacy of a CBT program for the treatment of comorbid anxiety in adolescents with ADHD.

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Ndetei, David M., LI Khasakhala, Soraya Seedat, Judy Syanda, FA Ongecha-Owuor, DA Kokonya, and VN Mutiso. "Psychometric properties of the Multidimensional Anxiety Scale for Children (MASC) amongst Nairobi public secondary school children, Kenya." Journal of Child & Adolescent Mental Health 20, no. 2 (December 29, 2008): 101–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.2989/jcamh.2008.20.2.6.689.

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Benjamin, Courtney L., Kelly A. O'Neil, Sarah A. Crawley, Rinad S. Beidas, Meredith Coles, and Philip C. Kendall. "Patterns and Predictors of Subjective Units of Distress in Anxious Youth." Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy 38, no. 4 (May 28, 2010): 497–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1352465810000287.

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Background: Subjective Units of Distress Scale (SUDS) ratings are commonly used during exposure tasks in cognitive behavioral treatment (CBT) for anxiety. Aims: The present study examined patterns and predictors of SUDS in a sample of anxiety-disordered youth. Method: Youth (N = 99) aged 7 to 14 (M = 10.4, SD = 1.8) were treated with CBT for social phobia (SP), generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), and/or separation anxiety disorder (SAD). Analyses were conducted using hierarchical linear modeling. Results: Child's peak SUDS and magnitude of change in SUDS significantly increased between sessions. Higher child self-reported pretreatment total Multidimensional Anxiety Scale for Children (MASC) score predicted greater change in SUDS within the first exposure session. Primary GAD diagnosis predicted less increase in change in SUDS between sessions. Conclusions: Results suggest that higher pretreatment total MASC scores are associated with increased first exposure within-session habituation. Additionally, youth with a principal diagnosis of GAD experienced less between-session habituation, perhaps because they may have required more imaginal than in-vivo exposures.

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Thaler, Nicholas S., Ellie Kazemi, and Jeffrey J. Wood. "Measuring Anxiety in Youth with Learning Disabilities: Reliability and Validity of the Multidimensional Anxiety Scale for Children (MASC)." Child Psychiatry & Human Development 41, no. 5 (April 20, 2010): 501–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10578-010-0182-5.

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Samochis, L., S. Lazar, B. Andreica, and F. Iftene. "P01-341-Socialization aspects in children with stuttering." European Psychiatry 26, S2 (March 2011): 343. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(11)72052-1.

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Stuttering, as a communication disorder, is a field of great interest, with many hypothesis regarding its nature and appropriate treatment. Many studies tried to emphasize the bond between stuttering and anxiety. Frequently, stuttering is associated with strong emotional reaction, as anxiety, emphasized by negative consequences of “not being able to talk accurately”. This turns in avoidance of speak and social problems as school difficulties.The aim of this study is anxiety evaluation in children with stuttering through specialized psychological intervention.We applied MASC (Multidimensional Anxiety Scale for Children) and CDI (Child Depression Inventory) to 20 children diagnosed with stuttering, aged 6–16, from Cluj -Napoca, both at the beginning and at the end of the study. Psychological intervention consisted of two evaluation sessions (one with the parent and one with the child) and ten group sessions (psychodrama and cognitive-behavioral techniques).The results showed a significant decrease of anxiety (p < 0.05), and no difference in depression symptoms (for statistical data we used SPSS 16.0 Program).

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Murphy, Yolanda E., Anna Luke, Elle Brennan, Sarah Francazio, Isabella Christopher, and Christopher A. Flessner. "An Investigation of Executive Functioning in Pediatric Anxiety." Behavior Modification 42, no. 6 (January 10, 2018): 885–913. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0145445517749448.

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Although science’s understanding (e.g., etiology, maintaining factors, etc.) of pediatric anxiety and related problems has grown substantially over recent years, several aspects to anxiety in youths remain elusive, particularly with relation to executive functioning. To this end, the current study sought to examine several facets to executive functioning (i.e., cognitive flexibility, inhibition, planning, working memory) within a transdiagnostic sample of youths exhibiting varying degrees of anxiety symptoms. One hundred six youths completed a comprehensive battery, including several self-report measures (e.g., Multidimensional Anxiety Scale for Children [MASC] or MASC-2) and an automated neurocognitive battery of several executive functioning tasks (Intradimensional/Extradimensional [IDED], Stop Signal [SST], Spatial Span [SSP], Stockings of Cambridge [SOC] tasks). Regression analyses indicated that youths exhibiting marked anxiety symptoms demonstrated increased planning time and probability of inhibition compared with youths with minimal or no anxiety symptoms. Youths with marked anxiety symptoms similarly demonstrated better cognitive flexibility (i.e., set shifting) compared with youths with minimal anxiety. In addition, analyses indicated a trend such that youths exhibiting marked anxiety symptoms demonstrated poorer working memory compared with youths with no anxiety symptoms. Group classification did not predict remaining outcomes. Limitations and future areas of research are discussed.

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Fuss, Samantha, M. Gabrielle Pagé, and Joel Katz. "Persistent Pain in a Community-Based Sample of Children and Adolescents: Sex Differences in Psychological Constructs." Pain Research and Management 16, no. 5 (2011): 303–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/534652.

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BACKGROUND: Very few studies have investigated the psychological factors associated with the pain experiences of children and adolescents in community samples.OBJECTIVES: To examine the lifetime prevalence of, and psychological variables associated with, persistent pain in a community sample of children and adolescents, and to explore differences according to sex, age and pain history.METHODS: Participants completed the Childhood Anxiety Sensitivity Index (CASI), the Child Pain Anxiety Symptoms Scale (CPASS), the Multidimensional Anxiety Scale for Children-10 (MASC-10), the Pain Catastrophizing Scale for Children (PCS-C) and a pain history questionnaire that assessed chronicity and pain frequency. After research ethics board approval, informed consent/assent was obtained from 1022 individuals recruited to participate in a study conducted at the Ontario Science Centre (Toronto, Ontario).RESULTS: Of the 1006 participants (54% female, mean [± SD] age 11.6±2.7 years) who provided complete data, 27% reported having experienced pain that lasted for three months or longer. A 2×2×2 (pain history, age and sex) multivariate ANOVA was conducted, with the total scores on the CASI, the CPASS, the MASC-10 and the PCS-C as dependent variables. Girls with a history of persistent pain expressed higher levels of anxiety sensitivity (P<0.001) and pain catastrophizing (P<0.001) than both girls without a pain history and boys regardless of pain history. This same pattern of results was found for anxiety and pain anxiety in the older, but not the younger, age group.CONCLUSIONS: Boys and girls appear to differ in terms of how age and pain history relate to the expression of pain-related psychological variables. Given the prevalence of persistent pain found in the study, more research is needed regarding the developmental implications of persistent pain in childhood and adolescence.

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Mazzone, L., B. Vitiello, G. Incorpora, and D. Mazzone. "Behavioural and Temperamental Characteristics of Children and Adolescents Suffering from Primary Headache." Cephalalgia 26, no. 2 (February 2006): 194–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2982.2005.01015.x.

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To examine indices of behavioural and emotional problems and temperamental traits in clinically referred children and adolescents suffering from tension headache or migraine. Headache in childhood and adolescence (<18 years) has been associated with the presence of behavioural and emotional difficulties, but limited data are available on the relationship between these problems and different types of headache. Clinically referred children and adolescents ( N = 114), 6–16 years of age, suffering from primary headache according to the diagnostic criteria of the International Headache Society, 47 with tension-type headache (TH) and 67 with migraine (M), and 36 normal controls without headache (NC) were assessed using the Parent Child Behaviour Checklist (CBCL), Children's Depression Inventory (CDI), Multidimensional Anxiety Scale for Children (MASC), Conner's Parent Rating Scale (CPRS), and Emotionality–Activity–Sociability–Shyness Scale (EAS). Psychological and personality self-rating assessments were obtained also on the children's parents and siblings. Although most headache patients had scores within the normative non-pathological range, both TH and M patients had higher CBCL total, internalizing, and externalizing scores than NC ( P < 0.001), and TH patients had higher scores than M patients. TH and M had higher CDI and MASC scores than NC ( P < 0.05), with no difference between the headache groups. TH patients had higher Emotionality and Shyness scores, and lower Sociability scores than M patients. Clinically referred children and adolescents with TH and M had higher scores of behavioural and emotional symptoms, both of internalizing and externalizing type, than normal peers. The TH group had greater psychological and temperamental difficulties than the M group.

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Rosenberg, Raquel, Allison Nash, Claire Friedhoff, and Jessica Paxton. "A-155 The Relationship between Parent-Reported Inattention Symptoms and Intra-Individual Variability in Neuropsychological Performance in Male Children and Adolescents." Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology 36, no. 6 (August 30, 2021): 1209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/arclin/acab062.173.

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Abstract Objective While previous research has demonstrated that males show greater intra-individual variability (IIV) in neuropsychological performance than females (Roalf et al., 2014), previous studies have not investigated how IIV relates to psychological factors in each gender. This study examined the relationship between psychological symptoms (i.e., depression, anxiety and inattention) and IIV in male and female pediatric samples. Method Participants included 135 male and 210 female individuals between the ages of 6 and 17 from Nathan Kline Institute’s Rockland Project. Participants endorsing a medical diagnosis associated with cognitive impairment (e.g., brain injury; n = 19) were excluded. The four psychological variables included T-scores from the Children’s Depression Inventory (CDI) total to measure depression, the Multidimensional Anxiety Scale for Children (MASC) to measure anxiety, Conners ADHD Rating Scale - Parent to measure parent-ratings of inattention, and the Conners ADHD Rating Scale – Youth to measure self-rated inattention. IIV scores for accuracy were calculated from 10 subtests from the Penn Computerized Neurocognitive Battery. Results In male participants, a regression analysis predicting IIV accuracy scores revealed that the four psychological variables together accounted for 7% of the variance in IIV accuracy scores. Conners Parent Inattention T-scores significantly predicted IIV accuracy scores in males (β = 0.19, p 0.16). In an analogous regression analysis with female participants, psychological symptoms did not significantly predict IIV accuracy scores. Conclusions Results indicated that inattention reported by parents predicted IIV accuracy for male children and adolescents in a community sample.

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Oshodi, Yewande, Muiruri Macharia, Anusha Lachman, and Soraya Seedat. "Immediate and Long-Term Mental Health Outcomes in Adolescent Female Rape Survivors." Journal of Interpersonal Violence 35, no. 1-2 (December 11, 2016): 252–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886260516682522.

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Rape is considered a stressful trauma and often has long-lasting health consequences. Compared with adult females, limited data exist on the psychological impact of rape in adolescents. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and associated factors of emotional distress in a cohort of adolescent rape survivors in Cape Town. Participants in this prospective longitudinal study were 31 adolescent female rape survivors recruited from a rape clinic in Cape Town and assessed within 2 weeks of the assault. Assessment measures included a sociodemographic questionnaire and initial screening with the Child and Adolescent Trauma Survey (CATS), the patient-rated Children’s Depression Inventory (CDI), and the Multidimensional Anxiety Scale for Children (MASC). The CATS, CDI, and MASC were repeated at 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months post enrollment. Psychiatric diagnoses were made with the clinician-administered Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview–Child and Adolescent version (MINI-Kid). At baseline, on the MINI-Kid, a definitive diagnosis of major depressive episode was endorsed in 22.6% of the participants. Stress-related disorders were found in 12.9%, whereas 16.1% had anxiety disorders. There was no diminution of symptoms on self-reported psychopathology measures at follow-up assessment over the five follow-up time points, suggesting persistent psychopathology over a 1-year period despite repeated clinical assessments and supportive counseling. Symptoms of anxiety, depression, and posttraumatic stress disorder in this sample of adolescent female rape survivors were high at enrollment and found to be persistent, underlining the need for long-term support, screening, and evidence-based follow-up care.

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Radomski, Ashley D., Alexa Bagnell, Sarah Curtis, Lisa Hartling, and Amanda S. Newton. "Examining the Usage, User Experience, and Perceived Impact of an Internet-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Program for Adolescents With Anxiety: Randomized Controlled Trial." JMIR Mental Health 7, no. 2 (February 7, 2020): e15795. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/15795.

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Background Internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy (iCBT) increases treatment access for adolescents with anxiety; however, completion rates of iCBT programs are typically low. Understanding adolescents’ experiences with iCBT, what program features and changes in anxiety (minimal clinically important difference [MCID]) are important to them, may help explain and improve iCBT program use and impact. Objective Within a randomized controlled trial comparing a six-session iCBT program for adolescent anxiety, Being Real, Easing Anxiety: Tools Helping Electronically (Breathe), with anxiety-based resource webpages, we aimed to (1) describe intervention use among adolescents allocated to Breathe or webpages and those who completed postintervention assessments (Breathe or webpage respondents); (2) describe and compare user experiences between groups; and (3) calculate an MCID for anxiety and explore relationships between iCBT use, experiences, and treatment response among Breathe respondents. Methods Enrolled adolescents with self-reported anxiety, aged 13 to 19 years, were randomly allocated to Breathe or webpages. Self-reported demographics and anxiety symptoms (Multidimensional Anxiety Scale for Children—2nd edition [MASC-2]) were collected preintervention. Automatically-captured Breathe or webpage use and self-reported symptoms and experiences (User Experience Questionnaire for Internet-based Interventions) were collected postintervention. Breathe respondents also reported their perceived change in anxiety (Global Rating of Change Scale [GRCS]) following program use. Descriptive statistics summarized usage and experience outcomes, and independent samples t tests and correlations examined relationships between them. The MCID was calculated using the mean MASC-2 change score among Breathe respondents reporting somewhat better anxiety on the GRCS. Results Adolescents were mostly female (382/536, 71.3%), aged 16.6 years (SD 1.7), with very elevated anxiety (mean 92.2, SD 18.1). Intervention use was low for adolescents allocated to Breathe (mean 2.2 sessions, SD 2.3; n=258) or webpages (mean 2.1 visits, SD 2.7; n=278), but was higher for Breathe (median 6.0, range 1-6; 81/258) and webpage respondents (median 2.0, range 1-9; 148/278). Total user experience was significantly more positive for Breathe than webpage respondents (P<.001). Breathe respondents reported program design and delivery factors that may have challenged (eg, time constraints and program support) or facilitated (eg, demonstration videos, self-management activities) program use. The MCID was a mean MASC-2 change score of 13.8 (SD 18.1). Using the MCID, a positive treatment response was generated for 43% (35/81) of Breathe respondents. Treatment response was not correlated with respondents’ experiences or use of Breathe (P=.32 to P=.88). Conclusions Respondents reported positive experiences and changes in their anxiety with Breathe; however, their reports were not correlated with program use. Breathe respondents identified program design and delivery factors that help explain their experiences and use of iCBT and inform program improvements. Future studies can apply our measures to compare user experiences between internet-based interventions, interpret treatment outcomes and improve treatment decision making for adolescents with anxiety. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02970734 https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02970734

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Weissman, M. M., P. Wickramaratne, D. J. Pilowsky, E. Poh, M. Hernandez, L. A. Batten, M. F. Flament, J. W. Stewart, and P. Blier. "The effects on children of depressed mothers' remission and relapse over 9 months." Psychological Medicine 44, no. 13 (March 11, 2014): 2811–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s003329171400021x.

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BackgroundThe high rate of depression among children of depressed mothers is well known. Suggestions that improvement in maternal acute depression has a positive effect on the child have emerged. However, data on the mechanisms of change have been sparse. The aim was to understand how remission and relapse in the mother might explain the changes in the child's outcome.MethodParticipants were 76 depressed mothers who entered into a medication clinical trial for depression and 135 of their eligible offspring ages 7–17 years. The mothers and children were assessed at baseline and periodically over 9 months by independent teams to understand the relationship between changes in children's symptoms and functioning and maternal remission or relapse. The main outcome measures were, for mothers, the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD), the Social Adjustment Scale (SAS) and the Parental Bonding Instrument (PBI) and, for children, the Children's Depression Inventory (CDI), the Columbia Impairment Scale (CIS), the Multidimensional Anxiety Scale for Children (MASC) and the Children's Global Assessment Scale (CGAS).ResultsMaternal remission was associated with a decrease in the child's depressive symptoms. The mother's subsequent relapse was associated with an increase in the child's symptoms over 9 months. The effect of maternal remission on the child's improvement was partially explained by an improvement in the mother's parenting, particularly the change in the mother's ability to listen and talk to her child, but also reflected in her improvement in parental bonding. These findings could not be explained by the child's treatment.ConclusionsA depressed mother's remission is associated with her improvement in parenting and a decrease in her child's symptoms. Her relapse is associated with an increase in her child's symptoms.

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Borges, Ana Inês, Dina Susana Manso, Gina Tomé, and Margarida Gaspar de Matos. "Ansiedade e coping em crianças e adolescentes: Diferenças relacionadas com a idade e género." Análise Psicológica 26, no. 4 (December 9, 2012): 551–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.14417/ap.514.

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As relações entre a ansiedade e as estratégias de coping e as diferenças destes constructos em função do género e da idade foram estudadas numa amostra de 916 crianças e adolescentes, estudantes de escolas de diversos concelhos do país, com uma média de idades de 14,4 anos (DP=2,62), dos quais 45,7% pertenciam ao género masculino e 54,3% ao género feminino. As medidas de avaliação utilizadas para operacionalizar as variáveis foram a Multidimensional Anxiety Scale for Children – MASC (March, 1997) e o Coping Responses Inventory – Youth Form – CRI-Y (Moos, 1993). Os resultados obtidos indicaram que os jovens mais velhos e os indivíduos do género feminino apresentaram níveis de ansiedade mais elevados e utilizam mais estratégias de coping, quando comparados com os jovens mais novos e com os indivíduos do género masculino. De igual modo foi encontrada uma correlação positiva entre a ansiedade e o coping e uma correlação positiva entre idade e coping, no sentido em que a utilização das estratégias de coping aumentam com a idade. Os resultados encontrados foram discutidos à luz da literatura e das suas implicações para a prática clínica.

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Malattia, C., M. Carpaneto, M. Mazzoni, C. Lavarello, E. Fueri, S. Marra, A. Ravelli, and L. Nobili. "AB0992 CONNECTING SLEEP QUALITY, PAIN AND MOOD DISTURBANCES IN JUVENILE FIBROMYALGIA." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 79, Suppl 1 (June 2020): 1789.2–1790. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-eular.6112.

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Background:Subjective sleep problems, including difficulties falling asleep, waking up, un-restorative sleep and daytime sleepiness are highly prevalent in patients with juvenile fibromyalgia (JFM). Sleep disturbances has been considered a consequence of severe pain and depression, but also in healthy individuals sleep deprivation is also a risk factor for the development of chronic widespread pain, tenderness and fatigue, suggesting the important role of sleep in pain control and in the pathophysiology of fibromyalgia.Objectives:To estimate the incidence of polysomnographic alterations in JFM and to explore the relationship between sleep problems and the musculoskeletal pain, fatigue and mood and anxiety disorders.Methods:21 patients (M 3; F 18; mean age 16,1) with JFM were included. The objective sleep quality was measured by overnight polysomnography (PSG) (using the EMBLETTA MPR PG device). PSG data were compared to age and sex-matched controls. The subjective sleep disturbances were assessed by the Sleep Condition Indicator (SCI). Musculoskeletal symptoms were evaluated by using the widespread pain index (WPI). Pain intensity was evaluated on a 0-10 visual analogical scale (PVAS). Fatigue was assessed by using the Symptom Severity (SS) questionnaire. Mood and anxiety disorders were evaluated by using the Children Depression Index (CDI) and the Multidimensional Anxiety Scale for Children (MASC). Comparison of categorical data was performed by means of the Fisher’s Exact test. The relationship between sleep quality and clinical symptoms were assessed using Spearman’s rank order correlation coefficient (rs). All statistical test were 2-sided and p values less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant.Results:Nineteen out of 21 (90.5%) patients complained subjective sleep disturbances and un-restorative sleep. Seven out of 21 (33.3%) patients had mood and anxiety disorders. Eight out of 21 patients (38.1%) showed an electroencephalographic pattern of alpha wave intrusion in slow wave sleep (SWS). SCI was significantly correlated to CDI score rs -0,775 (p≤0,0001), MASC 0,61 (p=0,005), WPI -0,731 (p=0,001), SSI 0,492 (p=0,038), PVAS -0,590 (p=0,006).Conclusion:A substantial percentage of JFM patients experience sleep disturbances, which are, correlated with the severity of the muscolskeletal sympotms and mood and anxiety disorders. One third of JFM patients have alpha intrusion in the SWS. The important role of sleep in pain control suggests that the development of treatments to improve sleep quality may lead to more effective management of fibromyalgia in the future.References:[1]Ting TV et. al 2010 American College of Rheumatology Adult Fibromyalgia Criteria for Use in an Adolescent Female Population with Juvenile Fibromyalgia. J Pediatr. 2016 Feb;169:181-7.[2]Choy EH. The role of sleep in pain and fibromyalgia. Nat Rev Rheumatol. 2015;11:513-20.[3]Roizenblatt S et al. Alpha sleep characteristics in fibromyalgia. Arthritis Rheum. 2001;44, 222–230.Disclosure of Interests:None declared

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Houghton, Stephen, Simon C. Hunter, Toby Trewin, Ken Glasgow, and Annemaree Carroll. "The Multidimensional Anxiety Scale for Children." Journal of Attention Disorders 18, no. 5 (March 16, 2012): 402–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1087054712439100.

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Wei, Chiaying, Alexandra Hoff, Marianne A. Villabø, Jeremy Peterman, Philip C. Kendall, John Piacentini, James McCracken, et al. "Assessing Anxiety in Youth with the Multidimensional Anxiety Scale for Children." Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology 43, no. 4 (July 11, 2013): 566–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15374416.2013.814541.

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Karimi, J., S. HomayuniNajafabadi, and F. HomayuniNajafabadi. "Psychometric Properties of the Multidimensional Anxiety Scale for Children." Journal of North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences 6, no. 4 (March 1, 2015): 885–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.29252/jnkums.6.4.885.

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Kozina, Ana. "The LAOM Multidimensional Anxiety Scale for Measuring Anxiety in Children and Adolescents." Journal of Psychoeducational Assessment 30, no. 3 (December 5, 2011): 264–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734282911423362.

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Muris, Peter, Björn Gadet, Véronique Moulaert, and Harald Merckelbach. "Correlations between Two Multidimensional Anxiety Scales for Children." Perceptual and Motor Skills 87, no. 1 (August 1998): 269–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1998.87.1.269.

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The correlation between scores on two new anxiety questionnaires for children ( ns = 54 boys, 54 girls), the Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders and the Multidimensional Anxiety Scale for Children was .72, with values for subtests ranging between .35 and .63.

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March, John S., Kevin Sullivan, and James Parker. "Test-Retest Reliability of the Multidimensional Anxiety Scale for Children." Journal of Anxiety Disorders 13, no. 4 (July 1999): 349–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0887-6185(99)00009-2.

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Ginter, Earl J., Dubi Lufi, Arthur S. Trotzky, and Bert O. Richmond. "Anxiety among Children in Israel." Psychological Reports 65, no. 3 (December 1989): 803–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1989.65.3.803.

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A sample of 676 children from Israel participated in the present study. They resided in either a city ( n = 105) or kibbutz ( n = 571) in northern or central Israel. Participants completed an Hebrew version of the Revised Children's Manifest Anxiety Scale. The current study hypothesized that anxiety is multidimensional in nature. It was also hypothesized that anxiety, given the unique environment of Israel, would be associated with different sources of potential threat. The anxiety items comprising the revised scale were analyzed via a principal factor analysis with varimax rotation. A two-factor solution was retained as the most statistically sound solution; one factor was labeled Anticipatory Anxiety and the other Social Anxiety. The results support the hypotheses.

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Cox, Mary Foster, Tracy K. Fasolino, and Abbas S. Tavakoli. "Factor Analysis and Psychometric Properties of the Mother–Adolescent Sexual Communication (MASC) Instrument for Sexual Risk Behavior." Journal of Nursing Measurement 16, no. 3 (December 2008): 171–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/1061-3749.16.3.171.

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Sexual risk behavior is a public health problem among adolescents living at or below poverty level. Approximately 1 million pregnancies and 3 million cases of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are reported yearly. Parenting plays a significant role in adolescent behavior, with mother–adolescent sexual communication correlated with absent or delayed sexual behavior. This study developed an instrument examining constructs of mother–adolescent communication, the Mother–Adolescent Sexual Communication (MASC) instrument. A convenience sample of 99 mothers of middle school children completed the self-administered questionnaires. The original 34-item MASC was reduced to 18 items. Exploratory factor analysis was conducted on the 18-item scale, which resulted in four factors explaining 84.63% of the total variance. Internal consistency analysis produced Cronbach alpha coefficients of .87, .90, .82, and .71 for the four factors, respectively. Convergent validity via hypothesis testing was supported by significant correlations with several subscales of the Parent–Child Relationship Questionnaire (PCRQ) with MASC factors, that is, content and style factors with warmth, personal relationships and disciplinary warmth subscales of the PCRQ, the context factor with personal relationships, and the timing factor with warmth. In light of these findings, the psychometric characteristics and multidimensional perspective of the MASC instrument show evidence of usefulness for measuring and advancing knowledge of mother and adolescent sexual communication techniques.

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Fraccaro, Rebecca L., Andrea M. Stelnicki, and David W. Nordstokke. "Test Review: Multidimensional Anxiety Scale for Children by J. S. March." Canadian Journal of School Psychology 30, no. 1 (February 4, 2015): 70–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0829573514542924.

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Smith, Ronald E., Frank L. Smoll, Sean P. Cumming, and Joel R. Grossbard. "Measurement of Multidimensional Sport Performance Anxiety in Children and Adults: The Sport Anxiety Scale-2." Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology 28, no. 4 (December 2006): 479–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsep.28.4.479.

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This article describes the development and validation of the Sport Anxiety Scale-2 (SAS-2), a multidimensional measure of cognitive and somatic trait anxiety in sport performance settings. Scale development was stimulated by findings that the 3-factor structure of the original Sport Anxiety Scale (SAS; Smith, Smoll, & Schutz, 1990) could not be reproduced in child samples and that several items on the scale produced conflicting factor loadings in adult samples. Alternative items having readability levels of grade 4 or below were therefore written to create a new version suitable for both children and adults. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses replicated the original SAS factor structure at all age levels, yielding separate 5-item subscales for Somatic Anxiety, Worry, and Concentration Disruption in samples as young as 9 to 10 years of age. The SAS-2 has stronger factorial validity than the original scale did, and construct validity research indicates that scores relate to other psychological measures as expected. The scale reliably predicts precompetition state anxiety scores and proved sensitive to anxiety-reduction interventions directed at youth sport coaches and parents.

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Gavino, Aurora, Raquel Nogueira, Lucía Pérez-Costillas, and Antonio Godoy. "Psychometric Properties of the Frost Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale in Spanish Children and Adolescents." Assessment 26, no. 3 (November 9, 2017): 445–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1073191117740204.

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The Frost Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale (FMPS) is one of the most used instruments to assess perfectionism. The FMPS assesses six dimensions: Concern over Mistakes (CM), Parental Expectations (EP), Parental Criticism (PC), Doubts about Actions (DA), Organization (OR), and Personal Standards (PS). CM, PE, PC, and DA are facets of a more general dimension considered Maladaptive Perfectionism. PS is frequently considered Adaptive Perfectionism. FMPS psychometric properties have been studied in adults but scarcely in children. We adapted the FMPS for Spanish children and adolescents and studied these properties in a sample of 1,648 Spanish young people (mean age = 13.36; SD = 2.28). Multigroup confirmatory factor analyses were used to test whether the FMPS dimensions found in adults are applicable to children. Results supported this hypothesis. The FMPS dimensional structure was invariant across gender and age. FMPS subscales showed good internal consistency (Cronbach’s α: .71-.92) and test–retest reliability (intraclass correlations: .70-.85). Moderate and high correlations with measures of dysfunctional beliefs, anxiety, and depression supported the validity of the FMPS scores. Results from regression equations showed that the relationship of perfectionism with anxiety and depression is mostly due to Maladaptive Perfectionism.

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Catone, Gennaro, Antonella Gritti, Katia Russo, Pia Santangelo, Raffaella Iuliano, Carmela Bravaccio, and Simone Pisano. "Details of the Contents of Paranoid Thoughts in Help-Seeking Adolescents with Psychotic-Like Experiences and Continuity with Bullying and Victimization: A Pilot Study." Behavioral Sciences 10, no. 8 (July 29, 2020): 122. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bs10080122.

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Background: Psychosis recognizes an interaction between biological and social environmental factors. Adversities are now recognized to be consistently associated with psychotic-like experiences (PLEs). The purpose of this study was to describe the contents of paranoid symptoms and to focus on their relationship with bullying and victimization in help-seeking adolescents. Methods: Help-seeking adolescents who screened positive for PLEs participated in the study. They performed a battery self-report questionnaire for data collection (paranoia: the Specific Psychotic Experiences Questionnaire (SPEQ); the content of paranoid thoughts: the Details of Threat (DoT); bullying victimization: the Multidimensional Peer Victimization Scale (MPVS); depression: the Children’s Depression Inventory (CDI); and anxiety: the Multidimensional Anxiety Scale (MASC)). Results: The participants were 50 adolescents (52% female; mean age: 170 months). The contents of their paranoid symptoms were related to victimization and, in particular, the certainty of threats was correlated with physical (0.394, p < 0.01) and verbal bullying (0.394, p < 0.01), respectively. The powerfulness of the threats correlated with verbal victimization (0.295, p < 0.05). The imminence of the threats was linked to verbal (0.399, p < 0.01) victimization. Hours under threat correlated with verbal (0.415, p < 0.01) victimization. The sureness of the threat had a moderate correlation with physical (0.359, p < 0.05) and verbal (0.443, p < 0.01) victimization, respectively. The awfulness of the threat was linked to social manipulation (0.325, p < 0.05). Conclusions: We described the content of the persecutory symptoms. The powerfulness, imminence, sureness, and awfulness of threats correlated with the level of physical, verbal and social manipulation victimization. Teachers and family must actively monitor early signs of bullying victimization, and school psychologists should promote preventive and therapeutic intervention. From a social psychiatry perspective, the prevention of bullying victimization is necessary.

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Palitz, Sophie A., Nicole E. Caporino, Joseph F. McGuire, John Piacentini, Anne Marie Albano, Boris Birmaher, John T. Walkup, Scott N. Compton, Golda S. Ginsburg, and Philip C. Kendall. "Defining Treatment Response and Remission in Youth Anxiety: A Signal Detection Analysis With the Multidimensional Anxiety Scale for Children." Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry 57, no. 6 (June 2018): 418–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2018.03.013.

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Villabø, Marianne, Martina Gere, Svenn Torgersen, John S. March, and Philip C. Kendall. "Diagnostic Efficiency of the Child and Parent Versions of the Multidimensional Anxiety Scale for Children." Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology 41, no. 1 (January 2012): 75–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15374416.2012.632350.

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Watson, Hunna J., Kimberley J. Hoiles, Sarah J. Egan, and Karina Limburg. "Normative data for female adolescents with eating disorders on the multidimensional anxiety scale for children." International Journal of Eating Disorders 47, no. 5 (January 24, 2014): 471–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/eat.22252.

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Duchesne, Annie-Pier, Jacinthe Dion, Daniel Lalande, Catherine Bégin, Claudie Émond, Gilles Lalande, and Pierre McDuff. "Body dissatisfaction and psychological distress in adolescents: Is self-esteem a mediator?" Journal of Health Psychology 22, no. 12 (February 29, 2016): 1563–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1359105316631196.

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This brief report tests the mediating effect of self-esteem in the relationship between body dissatisfaction and symptoms of depression and anxiety. A sample of 409 adolescents (females = 58.4%) aged between 14 and 18 years completed the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, the Contour Drawing Rating Scale, the Multidimensional Anxiety Scale for Children, and the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale. Overall, results for the indirect effects analysis were significant for both anxiety and depression, which confirmed the mediating role of self-esteem. Thus, a negative perception of one’s body image has the effect of lowering self-esteem, which in turn increases psychological distress.

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Mitchison, Gudlaug Marion, and Urdur Njardvik. "Prevalence and Gender Differences of ODD, Anxiety, and Depression in a Sample of Children With ADHD." Journal of Attention Disorders 23, no. 11 (October 5, 2015): 1339–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1087054715608442.

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Objective: Studies on comorbidity in children diagnosed with ADHD have relied more on parent/teacher reports instead of self-reported data and have focused on the frequency of comorbid symptoms instead of scores above clinical cutoffs. The purpose of this study was to examine the prevalence of oppositional defiant disorder (ODD), anxiety, and depression in children with ADHD, using self-report measures for internalizing symptoms and parent-reported measures for externalizing symptoms for increased accuracy. Gender differences were also assessed. Method: Parents of 197 children diagnosed with ADHD answered the Disruptive Behavior Rating Scale, and 112 of the children filled out the Multidimensional Anxiety Scale for Children and the Children’s Depression Inventory. Results: Results revealed that 19.28% of the children met cut-off criteria for ODD, 41.96% for anxiety, and 21.43% for depression. Conclusion: Our findings indicate a relatively lower prevalence of ODD and a slightly higher prevalence of anxiety symptoms than previously reported. Possible explanations and future directions are discussed.

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Yen, Cheng-Fang, Pinchen Yang, Yu-Yu Wu, Fan-Ching Hsu, and Chung-Ping Cheng. "Factor Structure, Reliability and Validity of the Taiwanese Version of the Multidimensional Anxiety Scale for Children." Child Psychiatry & Human Development 41, no. 3 (February 25, 2010): 342–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10578-010-0172-7.

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Hooper, Stephen R., Bert O. Richmond, and Susan R. Mc Chesney. "Concurrent Validity of the Common Belief Inventory for Students." Perceptual and Motor Skills 64, no. 1 (February 1987): 331–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1987.64.1.331.

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This study was conducted to explore the concurrent validity of the Gammon Belief Inventory for Students. The inventory is a multidimensional measure of rational thinking in children which has its origins in the rational emotive therapy model. Given its theoretical foundation, the scores were expected to correlate positively with those on the Revised Children's Manifest Anxiety Scale, a measure of trait anxiety in children. 287 students in Grades 4, 5, and 6 and ranging in age from 9 to 13 yr. were administered both scales in a counterbalanced format. Results indicated that the CBIS Total Score and each of its 11 belief components correlated significantly in a positive direction with the Total Anxiety score. The relationship between the RCMAS Lie Scale and the Common Belief Scale was less clear. These findings provided preliminary support for the concurrent validity of the Common Belief Inventory with elementary school children.

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Martin, Andrea L., Patricia A. McGrath, Stephen C. Brown, and Joel Katz. "Anxiety Sensitivity, Fear of Pain and Pain-Related Disability in Children and Adolescents with Chronic Pain." Pain Research and Management 12, no. 4 (2007): 267–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2007/897395.

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BACKGROUND: Converging lines of evidence suggest that anxiety sensitivity and fear of pain may be important vulnerability factors in the development of avoidance behaviours and disability in adults with chronic pain. However, these factors have not been evaluated in children with chronic pain.OBJECTIVES: To examine the relationships among anxiety sensitivity, fear of pain and pain-related disability in children and adolescents with chronic pain.METHODS: An interview and five questionnaires (Childhood Anxiety Sensitivity Index, Pain Anxiety Symptoms Scale, Functional Disability Inventory, Multidimensional Anxiety Scale for Children, and Reynolds Child or Adolescent Depression Scale) were administered to 21 children and adolescents eight to 17 years of age (mean ± SD 14.24±2.21 years) who continued to experience pain an average of three years after discharge from a specialized pain clinic for children.RESULTS: Anxiety sensitivity accounted for 38.6% of the variance in fear of pain (F[1,20]=11.30; P=0.003) and fear of pain accounted for 39.9% of the variance in pain-related disability (F[1,20]=11.95; P=0.003), but anxiety sensitivity was not significantly related to pain disability (R2=0.09; P>0.05).CONCLUSIONS: These findings indicate that children with high levels of anxiety sensitivity had a higher fear of pain, which, in turn, was linked to increased pain disability. The results of this study suggest that anxiety sensitivity and fear of pain may play important and distinct roles in the processes that maintain chronic pain and pain-related disability in children.

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Marques, Carina, Maryse Guedes, Manuela Veríssimo, Kenneth H. Rubin, and António J. Santos. "Profiles of behavioral inhibition and anxiety symptoms during the preschool years." Análise Psicológica 39, no. 1 (July 8, 2021): 27–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.14417/ap.1761.

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Behavioral inhibition (BI) during the preschool years can be defined as a biologically-based wariness when exposed to novel people, situations and activities, and has been associated with an increased risk of developing anxiety symptoms. Although BI is not a unitary concept, to date, few studies aimed to characterize different subgroups of children, using multidimensional parental measures, and compare them in terms of anxiety symptoms. This study aimed to identify different profiles of children with BI and explore potential differences concerning anxiety symptoms. One hundred and eight mothers of children with a mean age of 54 months completed the Behavioral Inhibition Questionnaire and the Preschool Anxiety Scale. Two profiles of children were identified: children with high and medium levels of BI. Children with high levels of BI displayed more generalized anxiety, social anxiety and physical injury fears symptoms than children with average BI levels. These differences were of greater magnitude for social anxiety symptoms. These findings highlight the importance of early intervention with children who display high levels of BI as early as the preschool years.

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Alwhaibi, Reem Mohammed, Uzma Zaidi, Ebtesam Alzeiby, and Adel Alhusaini. "A comparative study of socioeconomic status, perceived social support and psychological distress of mothers of children with and without disabilities." International Journal of Therapy and Rehabilitation 26, no. 9 (September 2, 2019): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/ijtr.2018.0019.

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Background/Aims Quality of life has been defined as a measure of a person's physical wellbeing, psychological state, and social relationships. However, comparisons of psychological distress, socioeconomic status, and social support between mothers of children with and without disabilities have been limited, particularly in Saudi Arabia. The aim of this study is to comparatively evaluate the socioeconomic status, perceived social support, and psychological distress of mothers of children with and without disabilities. Methods The Socio-Demographic Information Form, the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, and the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales were completed by 200 mothers of children with cerebral palsy or Down's syndrome and 100 mothers of children without disabilities. Results Welch's test indicated significant differences between the two groups on the total Depression Anxiety Stress Scales and all its subscales (<0.01) and the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support Friends subscale (0.02). Conclusions Mothers of children with disabilities perceived high levels of overall social support, which might have reduced their psychological distress. It is recommended for rehabilitation centres to organise support groups for family members. It will also be beneficial for families of children with disabilities, if heath sector policy makers can review and develop effective socioeconomic policies to improve their standards of living.

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BALDWIN, JENNIFER S., and MARK R. DADDS. "Reliability and Validity of Parent and Child Versions of the Multidimensional Anxiety Scale for Children in Community Samples." Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry 46, no. 2 (February 2007): 252–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.chi.0000246065.93200.a1.

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Kingery, Julie Newman, Golda S. Ginsburg, and Marcy Burstein. "Factor Structure and Psychometric Properties of the Multidimensional Anxiety Scale for Children in an African American Adolescent Sample." Child Psychiatry and Human Development 40, no. 2 (January 23, 2009): 287–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10578-009-0126-0.

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Saddler, C. Douglas, and Robert L. Buckland. "The Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale: Correlations with Depression in College Students with Learning Disabilities." Psychological Reports 77, no. 2 (October 1995): 483–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1995.77.2.483.

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Interpretations of depression in children and adolescents with learning disabilities have tended to be neuropsychological or motivational. Some research has related various cognitive-behavioral constructs with depression and other problematic outcomes for this population. Research with nonlearning-disabled college students has provided correlations for scores on the Self-oriented and the two social scales of the Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale with those on depression. No such work has been done with college students having learning disabilities. Measures for multidimensional perfectionism, anxiety, and depression were administered to 110 learning-disabled undergraduate men and women. Analysis showed that scores on only one of the social scales of perfectionism were positively correlated with depression scores, and this relation was weaker than previously found for nonlearning-disabled students. Findings are discussed in terms of previous research and a motivational interpretation of depression in learning-disabled college students.

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Yao, Shuqiao, Tao Zou, Xiongzhao Zhu, John R. Z. Abela, Randy P. Auerbach, and Xi Tong. "Reliability and Validity of the Chinese Version of the Multidimensional Anxiety Scale for Children Among Chinese Secondary School Students." Child Psychiatry and Human Development 38, no. 1 (November 16, 2006): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10578-006-0039-0.

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Stevanovic, Dejan, Peyman Jafari, Rajna Knez, Tomislav Franic, Olayinka Atilola, Nikolina Davidovic, Zahra Bagheri, and Aneta Lakic. "Can we really use available scales for child and adolescent psychopathology across cultures? A systematic review of cross-cultural measurement invariance data." Transcultural Psychiatry 54, no. 1 (February 2017): 125–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1363461516689215.

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In this systematic review, we assessed available evidence for cross-cultural measurement invariance of assessment scales for child and adolescent psychopathology as an indicator of cross-cultural validity. A literature search was conducted using the Medline, PsychInfo, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases. Cross-cultural measurement invariance data was available for 26 scales. Based on the aggregation of the evidence from the studies under review, none of the evaluated scales have strong evidence for cross-cultural validity and suitability for cross-cultural comparison. A few of the studies showed a moderate level of measurement invariance for some scales (such as the Fear Survey Schedule for Children-Revised, Multidimensional Anxiety Scale for Children, Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scale, Revised Children's Manifest Anxiety Scale, Mood and Feelings Questionnaire, and Disruptive Behavior Rating Scale), which may make them suitable in cross-cultural comparative studies. The remainder of the scales either showed weak or outright lack of measurement invariance. This review showed only limited testing for measurement invariance across cultural groups of scales for pediatric psychopathology, with evidence of cross-cultural validity for only a few scales. This study also revealed a need to improve practices of statistical analysis reporting in testing measurement invariance. Implications for future research are discussed.

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Schwartz, Judith S., and Marija Maric. "Negative Cognitive Errors in Youth: Specificity to Anxious and Depressive Symptoms and Age Differences." Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy 43, no. 5 (June 6, 2014): 526–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1352465814000228.

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Background: Negative cognitive errors are important in the etiology and treatment of youth internalizing problems, but less is known about their unique relations with anxiety and depression. Aims: The major purpose of this study was to examine associations between distinct negative cognitive errors and anxiety and depression in youth. Method: In a community sample of children and adolescents (aged 9–17; N = 278) negative cognitive errors were assessed using the revised version of the Children's Negative Cognitive Error Questionnaire (CNCEQ-R). Anxiety and depression were assessed with the Multidimensional Anxiety Scale for Children and Children's Depression Inventory, respectively. Results: The strongest predictors of anxiety were the negative cognitive errors “underestimation of the ability to cope” and “mind reading”. The strongest predictors of depression were the errors “selective abstraction” and “overgeneralizing”, with the first error explaining most variance. Analyses of age effects showed that, in comparison to adolescents, children reported higher scores on the total CNCEQ-R score, and on the errors “overgeneralizing”, “personalizing”, and “mind reading”. Conclusions: The findings underscore the importance of researching the role of distinct cognitive processing in youth with anxiety and depression and further development of the CNCEQ-R. Implications for clinical practice are discussed.

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Yen, Cheng-Fang, Chih-Hung Ko, Yu-Yu Wu, Ju-Yu Yen, Fan-Ching Hsu, and Pinchen Yang. "Normative Data on Anxiety Symptoms on the Multidimensional Anxiety Scale for Children in Taiwanese Children and Adolescents: Differences in Sex, Age, and Residence and Comparison with an American Sample." Child Psychiatry & Human Development 41, no. 6 (May 19, 2010): 614–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10578-010-0191-4.

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Skarphedinsson, Gudmundur, Marianne A. Villabø, and Bertrand Lauth. "Screening efficiency of the self-report version of the Multidimensional Anxiety Scale for Children in a highly comorbid inpatient sample." Nordic Journal of Psychiatry 69, no. 8 (April 2015): 613–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/08039488.2015.1026841.

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Newcorn, Jeffrey H., Scott R. Miller, Iliyan Ivanova, Kurt P. Schulz, Jessica Kalmar, David J. Marks, and Jeffrey M. Halperin. "Adolescent Outcome of ADHD: Impact of Childhood Conduct and Anxiety Disorders." CNS Spectrums 9, no. 9 (September 2004): 668–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1092852900001942.

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ABSTRACTObjective: This study examines the impact of comorbidity of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) with disruptive and anxiety disorders in childhood on clinical course and outcome. We consider the relative contribution of each comorbid symptom constellation, and also their interaction, to assess the following questions: (1) Does early comorbidity with conduct disorder (CD) and anxiety disorders define specific developmental trajectories?; (2) Is comorbid anxiety disorders in childhood continuous with anxiety disorders in adolescence?; (3) Does comorbid anxiety disorders mitigate the negative behavioral outcome of youth with ADHD?; and (4) Is there an interaction between comorbid CD and anxiety disorders, when they occur simultaneously, that predicts a different outcome than either comorbid condition alone?Method: Thirty-two 15- to 18-year-old adolescent males, diagnosed with ADHD between 7 and 11 years of age, were re-evaluated for assessment of adolescent outcome 4.3–9.2 years later. Hierarchical regression analyses were run with each of the eight Child Behavior Checklist and Youth Self-Report problem scales, and the four anxiety symptom subscales of the Multidimensional Anxiety Scale for Children serving as outcome variables.Results: Findings indicate that comorbid CD at baseline predicteds parent reports of behavior problems in adolescence, while comorbid anxiety disorders in childhood predicted youth reports of anxiety and social problems. Anxiety disorders without CD did not predict poor behavioral outcome. Children with both comorbid CD and anxiety disorder had the highest levels of parent-rated symptoms on follow up. In particular, adolescent social problems were best predicted by the combination of comorbid CD and anxiety disorder in childhood.Conclusion: These data provide evidence that children with ADHD plus anxiety disorder do in fact have anxiety disorders, and that the combination of anxiety disorder and CD predicts a more rather than less severe course.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Multidimensional Anxiety Scale for Children (MASC)'

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