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Journal articles on the topic 'Multiferroic Materials'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 7 September 2023

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1

Grotel, Jakub. "MAGNETOELECTRIC COUPLING MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES IN MULTIFERROIC MATERIALS." Informatyka, Automatyka, Pomiary w Gospodarce i Ochronie Środowiska 11, no. 1 (March 31, 2021): 10–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.35784/iapgos.2583.

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Magnetoelectric multiferroics are solid-state materials which exhibit a coupling between ferroelectric and magnetic orders. This phenomenon is known as the magnetoelectric (ME) effect. Multiferroic materials possess a wide range of potential applications in such fields as metrology, electronics, energy harvesting & conversion, and medicine. Multiferroic research is facing two main challenges. Firstly, scientists are continuously trying to obtain a material with sufficiently strong, room-temperature ME coupling that would enable its commercial application. Secondly, the measurement techniques used in multiferroic research are often problematic to implement in a laboratory setting and fail to yield reproducible results. The aim of the present work is to discuss three most commonly used methods in multiferroic studies; the lock-in technique, the Sawyer-Tower (S-T) circuit and dielectric constant measurements. The paper opens with a general description of multiferroics which is followed by mathematical representation of the ME effect. The main body deals with the description of the aforementioned measurement techniques. The article closes with a conclusion and outlook for future research.

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2

Zhao, Shifeng. "Advances in Multiferroic Nanomaterials Assembled with Clusters." Journal of Nanomaterials 2015 (2015): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/101528.

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As an entirely new perspective of multifunctional materials, multiferroics have attracted a great deal of attention. With the rapidly developing micro- and nano-electro-mechanical system (MEMS&NEMS), the new kinds of micro- and nanodevices and functionalities aroused extensive research activity in the area of multiferroics. As an ideal building block to assemble the nanostructure, cluster exhibits particular physical properties related to the cluster size at nanoscale, which is efficient in controlling the multiferroic properties for nanomaterials. This review focuses on our recent advances in multiferroic nanomaterials assembled with clusters. In particular, the single phase multiferroic films and compound heterostructured multiferroic films assembled with clusters were introduced detailedly. This technique presents a new and efficient method to produce the nanostructured multiferroic materials for their potential application in NEMS devices.

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3

Gilioli, Edmondo, and Lars Ehm. "High pressure and multiferroics materials: a happy marriage." IUCrJ 1, no. 6 (October 31, 2014): 590–603. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2052252514020569.

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The community of material scientists is strongly committed to the research area of multiferroic materials, both for the understanding of the complex mechanisms supporting the multiferroism and for the fabrication of new compounds, potentially suitable for technological applications. The use of high pressure is a powerful tool in synthesizing new multiferroic, in particular magneto-electric phases, where the pressure stabilization of otherwise unstable perovskite-based structural distortions may lead to promising novel metastable compounds. Thein situinvestigation of the high-pressure behavior of multiferroic materials has provided insight into the complex interplay between magnetic and electronic properties and the coupling to structural instabilities.

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4

Zhao, By Weijie. "Pas de deux of electricity and magnetism: an interview with Sang-Wook Cheong." National Science Review 6, no. 4 (January 31, 2019): 703–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nsr/nwz004.

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Abstract Materials can be ferroelectric, having a spontaneous electric polarization that can be reversed by an external electric field, or they can be ferromagnetic, exhibiting spontaneous magnetization that is switchable by an applied magnetic field. However, until the 1960s, scientists did not expect that these two ferroic properties could co-exist in a single material. Today, materials exhibiting more than one of the primary ferroic properties are called multiferroics. Here, the primary ferroic properties can be ferroelectricity, ferromagnetism, antiferromagnetism, ferroelasticity, ferrotoroidicity or others. Basically, the multiferroic effect originates from the simultaneous breaking of space inversion and time-reversal symmetries. Multiferroics can be imagined as a pas de deux of electricity and magnetism. Recently, National Science Review interviewed Professor Sang-Wook Cheong from Rutgers University, who is one of the pioneering scientists in this field. Cheong talked about the multiferroics field, which has been fast developing since the early 2000s. His introductions and opinions on diverse multiferroic materials and potential multiferroic devices, as well as future research directions, may provide a useful resource for researchers both inside and outside the multiferroic research field.

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5

Zhao, Li, Maria Teresa Fernández-Díaz, Liu Hao Tjeng, and Alexander C. Komarek. "Oxyhalides: A new class of high-TC multiferroic materials." Science Advances 2, no. 5 (May 2016): e1600353. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1600353.

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Magnetoelectric multiferroics have attracted enormous attention in the past years because of their high potential for applications in electronic devices, which arises from the intrinsic coupling between magnetic and ferroelectric ordering parameters. The initial finding in TbMnO3 has triggered the search for other multiferroics with higher ordering temperatures and strong magnetoelectric coupling for applications. To date, spin-driven multiferroicity is found mainly in oxides, as well as in a few halogenides. We report multiferroic properties for synthetic melanothallite Cu2OCl2, which is the first discovery of multiferroicity in a transition metal oxyhalide. Measurements of pyrocurrent and the dielectric constant in Cu2OCl2 reveal ferroelectricity below the Néel temperature of ~70 K. Thus, melanothallite belongs to a new class of multiferroic materials with an exceptionally high critical temperature. Powder neutron diffraction measurements reveal an incommensurate magnetic structure below TN, and all magnetic reflections can be indexed with a propagation vector [0.827(7), 0, 0], thus discarding the claimed pyrochlore-like “all-in–all-out” spin structure for Cu2OCl2, and indicating that this transition metal oxyhalide is, indeed, a spin-induced multiferroic material.

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6

Shukla, Dinesh, Nhalil E. Rajeevan, and Ravi Kumar. "Combining Magnetism and Ferroelectricity towards Multiferroicity." Solid State Phenomena 189 (June 2012): 15–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.189.15.

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The attempts to combine both the magnetic and ferroelectric properties in one material started in 1960s predominantly by the group of Smolenskii and Schmid [1. Dzyaloshinskii first presented the theory for multiferroicity in Cr2O3, which was soon experimentally confirmed by Astrov [5,. Further work on multiferroics was done by the group of Smolenskii in St. Petersburg (then Leningrad) [7, but the term multiferroic was first used by H. Schmid in 1994 [. These efforts have resulted in many fundamental observations and opened up an entirely new field of study. Schmid [ defined the multiferroics as single phase materials which simultaneously possess two or more primary ferroic properties. The term multiferroic has been expanded to include materials which exhibit any type of long range magnetic ordering, spontaneous electric polarization, and/or ferroelasticity. In the past decade, several hundreds of papers related to multiferroic materials and magnetoelectric effect have been published every year, making this topic one of the hottest areas in condensed matter physics from fundamental science as well as applications viewpoints. This article sheds light on recent progress about the developments of new multiferroics by combining unconventional magnetism and ferroelectricity with an emphasis on Bi based multiferroic materials. Specifically results of Ti doped BiMn2O5and Bi doped Co2MnO4multiferroics are discussed.

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7

DONG, SHUAI, and JUN-MING LIU. "RECENT PROGRESS OF MULTIFERROIC PEROVSKITE MANGANITES." Modern Physics Letters B 26, no. 09 (April 8, 2012): 1230004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984912300049.

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So far tens of multiferroic materials, with various chemical compositions and crystal structures, have been discovered in the past years. Among these multiferroics, some perovskite manganites with ferroelectricity driven by magnetic orders are of particular interest. In these multiferroic perovskite manganites, the multiferroic phenomena are not only quite prominent, but the involved physical mechanisms are also very plenty and representative. In this brief review, we will introduce some recent theoretical and experimental progress on multiferroic manganites, including the fascinating microscopic physics and very recently addressed experimental findings with attractive multiferroicity.

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8

Gareeva, Z. V., A. K. Zvezdin, and T. T. Gareev. "Ferroelectric and Magnetic Domain Walls in High Temperature Multiferroic Films and Heterostructures." Materials Science Forum 845 (March 2016): 7–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.845.7.

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In the last decade, considerable attention has been focused on the search of new multiferroic materials and the ways of improvement of their magnetoelectric properties. In this short review, we survey the progress in study of multiferroics focusing the high temperature multiferroic bismuth ferrite and rare earth iron garnets. We discuss the recent results of investigation of domain walls in multiferroics, concentrating the most important magnetoelectric manifestations (electric polarization and magnetization), and the pinning effect appearing as clamping of ferroelectric and magnetic domain walls.

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9

Roy, Amritendu, Rajeev Gupta, and Ashish Garg. "Multiferroic Memories." Advances in Condensed Matter Physics 2012 (2012): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/926290.

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Multiferroism implies simultaneous presence of more than one ferroic characteristics such as coexistence of ferroelectric and magnetic ordering. This phenomenon has led to the development of various kinds of materials and conceptions of many novel applications such as development of a memory device utilizing the multifunctionality of the multiferroic materials leading to a multistate memory device with electrical writing and nondestructive magnetic reading operations. Though, interdependence of electrical- and magnetic-order parameters makes it difficult to accomplish the above and thus rendering the device to only two switchable states, recent research has shown that such problems can be circumvented by novel device designs such as formation of tunnel junction or by use of exchange bias. In this paper, we review the operational aspects of multiferroic memories as well as the materials used for these applications along with the designs that hold promise for the future memory devices.

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10

Liu, Sheng, Feng Xiang, Yulan Cheng, Yajun Luo, and Jing Sun. "Multiferroic and Magnetodielectric Effects in Multiferroic Pr2FeAlO6 Double Perovskite." Nanomaterials 12, no. 17 (August 30, 2022): 3011. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12173011.

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Single-phase multiferroics that allow the coexistence of ferroelectric and magnetic ordering above room temperature are highly desirable, and offer a fundamental platform for novel functionality. In this work, a double perovskite multiferroic Pr2FeAlO6 ceramic is prepared using a sol-gel process followed by a quenching treatment. The well-crystallized and purified Pr2FeAlO6 in trigonal structure with space group R3c is confirmed. A combination of the ferroelectric (2Pr = 0.84 μC/cm2, Ec = 7.78 kV/cm at an applied electric field of 20 kV/cm) and magnetic (2Mr = 433 memu/g, Hc = 3.3 kOe at an applied magnetic field of 1.0 T) hysteresis loops reveals the room-temperature multiferroic properties. Further, the magnetoelectric effect is observed from the measurements of magnetically induced dielectric response and polarization. The present results suggest a new complex oxide candidate for room-temperature multiferroic applications.

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11

QI, X. W., H. F. WANG, W. Q. HAN, P. H. WANG-YANG, J. ZHOU, and Z. X. YUE. "MAGNETIC PROPERTIES OF MULTIFERROIC MATERIALS." International Journal of Modern Physics B 23, no. 17 (July 10, 2009): 3556–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979209062967.

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Magnetic properties of multiferroic materials consisting of ferroelectric phase and ferrite phase have been investigated. Typical magnetic hysteresis loops of prepared multiferroic materials have been observed. The coercivity increases with the increase of ferroelectric phase. However, the saturation magnetization of multiferroic materials linearly decreases with the increase of ferroelectric phase. On increasing the content of ferroelectric phase, the initial permeability of multiferroic materials decreases and the peak of the quality factor tends to shift toward higher frequency. The Curie temperature of prepared multiferroic materials shifts toward higher temperature with the increase of ferroelectric phase. The microstructures of prepared multiferroic materials also have been studied.

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12

Hajlaoui, Thameur, Catalin Harnagea, and Alain Pignolet. "Magnetoelectric Coupling in Room Temperature Multiferroic Ba2EuFeNb4O15/BaFe12O19 Epitaxial Heterostructures Grown by Laser Ablation." Nanomaterials 13, no. 4 (February 17, 2023): 761. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano13040761.

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Multiferroic thin films are a promising class of multifunctional materials, since they allow the integration of multiple functionalities within a single device. In order to overcome the scarcity of single phase multiferroics, it is crucial to develop novel multiferroic heterostructures, combining good ferroelectric and ferromagnetic properties as well as a strong coupling between them. For this purpose, Ba2EuFeNb4O15/BaFe12O19 multiferroic magnetoelectric bilayers have been epitaxially grown on niobium doped SrTiO3 (100) single crystal substrates by pulsed laser deposition. The simultaneous presence of both ferroelectric and magnetic properties—due, respectively, to the Ba2EuFeNb4O15 and BaFe12O19 components—was demonstrated at room temperature, attesting the multiferroic nature of the heterostructure. More interestingly, a strong magnetoelectric coupling was demonstrated (i) by manipulating the ferroelectric properties via an external magnetic field, and conversely, (ii) by tuning the magnetic properties via an external electric field. This strong magnetoelectric coupling shows the high interdependence of both ferroic orders in the Ba2EuFeNb4O15/BaFe12O19 heterostructure, mediated by elastic (epitaxial) strain at the interfaces.

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13

Dong, Shuai, Hongjun Xiang, and Elbio Dagotto. "Magnetoelectricity in multiferroics: a theoretical perspective." National Science Review 6, no. 4 (February 18, 2019): 629–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nsr/nwz023.

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ABSTRACT The key physical property of multiferroic materials is the existence of coupling between magnetism and polarization, i.e. magnetoelectricity. The origin and manifestations of magnetoelectricity can be very different in the available plethora of multiferroic systems, with multiple possible mechanisms hidden behind the phenomena. In this review, we describe the fundamental physics that causes magnetoelectricity from a theoretical viewpoint. The present review will focus on mainstream physical mechanisms in both single-phase multiferroics and magnetoelectric heterostructures. The most recent tendencies addressing possible new magnetoelectric mechanisms will also be briefly outlined.

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14

Cho, Jae-Hyeon, and Wook Jo. "Progress in the Development of Single-Phase Magnetoelectric Multiferroic Oxides." Ceramist 24, no. 3 (September 30, 2021): 228–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.31613/ceramist.2021.24.3.03.

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Magnetoelectric (ME) multiferroics manifesting the coexistence and the coupling of ferromagnetic and ferroelectric order are appealing widespread interest owing to their fascinating physical behaviors and possible novel applications. In this review, we highlight the progress in single-phase ME multiferroic oxides research in terms of the classification depending on the physical origins of ferroic properties and the corresponding examples for each case, i.e., material by material, along with their ME multiferroic properties including saturation magnetization, spontaneous polarization, (anti)ferromagnetic/ferroelectric transition temperature, and ME coefficient. The magnetoelectrically-active applications of high expectancy are presented by citing the representative examples such as magnetoelectric random-access-memory and multiferroic photovoltaics. Furthermore, we discuss how the development of ME multiferroic oxides should proceed by considering the current research status in terms of developed materials and designed applications. We believe that this short review will provide a basic introduction for the researchers new to this field.

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15

Yao, Minghai, Long Cheng, Shenglan Hao, Samir Salmanov, Mojca Otonicar, Frédéric Mazaleyrat, and Brahim Dkhil. "Great multiferroic properties in BiFeO₃/BaTiO₃ system with composite-like structure." Applied Physics Letters 122, no. 15 (April 10, 2023): 152904. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0139017.

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Multiferroic materials have attracted significant research attention due to their technological potential for applications as multifunctional devices. The scarcity of single-phase multiferroics and their low inherent coupling between multiferroic order parameters above room temperature pose a challenge to their further applications. We propose a 3BiFeO3/7BaTiO3 perovskite–perovskite composite that combines ferroelectricity and ferromagnetism. We demonstrate that the sintering temperature can tailor the ferroelectricity and ferromagnetism of the composites. The multiferroicity can be achieved at a low sintering temperature in the composite-like structure ceramics, and its multiferroic properties, especially the ferromagnetism, are superior to those of solid solutions. We also investigate the dynamic evolution of multiferroicity with sintering temperature. We adopt a nano–micro strategy to construct a composite-like microstructure, which results in optimized ferroelectric (1.62 μC cm−2) and ferromagnetic (0.16 emu/g) characteristics at a sintering temperature of 750 °C. We also found experimental evidence of the competition between antiferromagnetic and ferromagnetic interactions in the transition metal cation sublattice. Multiferroic BiFeO3/BaTiO3 composites with combined ferroelectric and ferromagnetic properties have significant potential for various applications.

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16

Yeo, Hong Goo. "Review of Single-Phase Magnetoelectric Multiferroic Thin Film and Process." Ceramist 24, no. 3 (September 30, 2021): 295–313. http://dx.doi.org/10.31613/ceramist.2021.24.3.01.

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Advance in the growth and characterization of multiferroic thin film promises new device application such as next generation memory, nanoelectronics and energy harvesting. In this review, we provide a brief overview of recent progress in the growth, characterization and understanding of thin-film multiferroics. Driven by the development of thin film growth techniques, the ability to produce high quality multiferroic thin films offers researchers access to new phase and understanding of these materials. We discuss that epitaxial strain and atomic-level engineering of chemistry determine the muliferroic thin film properties. We then discuss the new structures and properties of non-equilibrium phases which is stabilized by strain engineering.

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17

Gareeva Z. V., Zvezdin A. K., Shulga N. V., Gareev T. T., and Chen X. M. "Mechanisms of magnetoelectric effects in oxide multiferroics with a perovskite praphase." Physics of the Solid State 64, no. 9 (2022): 1324. http://dx.doi.org/10.21883/pss.2022.09.54175.43hh.

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Magnetoelectric effects are discussed in multiferroics with the perovskite structure: bismuth ferrite, rare-earth orthochromites, and Ruddlesden--Popper structures belonging to the trigonal, orthorhombic, and tetragonal syngonies. The influence of structural distortions on magnetic and ferroelectric properties is studied, possible magnetoelectric effects (linear, quadratic, inhomogeneous) in these materials are determined, and expressions for the linear magnetoelectric effect tensor are given. Macroscopic manifestations of the inhomogeneous magnetoelectric effect in multiferroic nanoelements are considered. Keywords: multiferroics, magnetoelectric effect, perovskites, symmetry.

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18

Chen, Tong, Dechao Meng, Zhiang Li, Jifang Chen, Zhiwei Lei, Wen Ge, Shujie Sun, Dejuan Sun, Min Liu, and Yalin Lu. "Intrinsic multiferroics in an individual single-crystalline Bi5Fe0.9Co0.1Ti3O15 nanoplate." Nanoscale 9, no. 40 (2017): 15291–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7nr04141a.

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Multiferroics Bi₅Fe_0.9Co_0.1Ti₃O₁₅ single-crystalline nanoplates were successfully synthesized by the hydrothermal method. The intrinsic multiferroic property was verified by electron holography and piezoresponse force microscopy in a single nanoplate.

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19

Planes, Antoni, Teresa Castán, and Avadh Saxena. "Thermodynamics of multicaloric effects in multiferroic materials: application to metamagnetic shape-memory alloys and ferrotoroidics." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 374, no. 2074 (August 13, 2016): 20150304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2015.0304.

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We develop a general thermodynamic framework to investigate multicaloric effects in multiferroic materials. This is applied to the study of both magnetostructural and magnetoelectric multiferroics. Landau models with appropriate interplay between the corresponding ferroic properties (order parameters) are proposed for metamagnetic shape-memory and ferrotoroidic materials, which, respectively, belong to the two classes of multiferroics. For each ferroic property, caloric effects are quantified by the isothermal entropy change induced by the application of the corresponding thermodynamically conjugated field. The multicaloric effect is obtained as a function of the two relevant applied fields in each class of multiferroics. It is further shown that multicaloric effects comprise the corresponding contributions from caloric effects associated with each ferroic property and the cross-contribution arising from the interplay between these ferroic properties. This article is part of the themed issue ‘Taking the temperature of phase transitions in cool materials’.

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20

Tang, Cheng, and Aijun Du. "Perspective on computational design of two-dimensional materials with robust multiferroic coupling." Applied Physics Letters 122, no. 13 (March 27, 2023): 130502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0146081.

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Two-dimensional (2D) multiferroic materials with robust magnetoelectric coupling and controllable topological solitons (such as skyrmions) are promising candidates for advanced information storage and processing. Due to the limitations of experimental techniques, first-principles investigations stand out in answering fundamental questions of 2D multiferroic couplings, thus providing guidance for experimental validation. Herein, we will give a review of recent theoretical progress in the exploration of 2D multiferroic coupling via structural design and molecular engineering approach. Particularly, we will focus on (i) how to design the multiferroic structure in the 2D form; (ii) how to achieve robust magnetoelectric coupling; and (iii) how to electrically control the magnetic skyrmion via multiferroic effects. Finally, we give some perspectives on the remaining challenges and opportunities for predicting 2D multiferroic materials.

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21

Tkach, Alexander, Paula M. Vilarinho, and Abílio Almeida. "Microscopy and the Solid Solubility Limit in K1-xMnxTaO3 Ceramics." Microscopy and Microanalysis 18, S5 (August 2012): 89–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927612013104.

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Multiferroic materials, combining at least two of three properties: ferromagnetism, ferroelectricity and ferroelasticity in the same phase, have been widely studied nowadays and have tremendous potential for multifunctional applications, although magnetoelectric multiferroics are difficult to obtain. Recently, dielectric and magnetic anomalies were found to be coupled in the incipient ferroelectrics SrTiO3 and KTaO3 doped with Mn on A-site of ABO3 perovskite lattice.

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Ferreira, P., A. Castro, P. M. Vilarinho, M. G. Willinger, J. Mosa, C. Laberty, and C. Sanchez. "Electron Microscopy Study of Porous and Co Functionalized BaTiO3 Thin Films." Microscopy and Microanalysis 18, S5 (August 2012): 115–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927612013232.

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Multiferroics are currently of great interest for applications in microelectronics namely in future data storage and spintronic devices. These materials couple simultaneously ferroelectric and ferromagnetic properties and have potentially different applications resulting from the coupling between their dual order parameters. A true multiferroic material is single phase. However, the known true multiferroic materials possess insufficient coupling between the two phenomena or their magnetoelectric response occurs at temperatures too low to be useful in practical applications. But a tremendous progress in the field of microelectronics can be expected if one is able to design an effective multiferroic material with ideal coupling of the ferromagnetic and ferroelectric properties to suit a particular application. Within this context composite structures are gaining considerable interest and different strategies in terms of materials microstructure have been proposed including horizontal multilayers and vertical heterostructures. In the horizontal multilayer heterostructures, the alternating layers of conventional ferro/ferrimagnetic and ferroelectric phases are grown, while in the vertical heterostructures nanopillars of the ferro/ferrimagnetic phase are embedded in a ferroelectric matrix. The later structures show advantages over the first ones because promote larger interfacial surface area and are intrinsically heteroepitaxial in three dimensions; which is expected to allow a stronger coupling between ferroelectric and ferromagnetic components.

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23

Eerenstein, W., N. D. Mathur, and J. F. Scott. "Multiferroic and magnetoelectric materials." Nature 442, no. 7104 (August 2006): 759–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature05023.

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24

Spaldin, Nicola A. "Multiferroic materials tower up." Physics World 17, no. 4 (April 2004): 20–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2058-7058/17/4/29.

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Achary, S. N., O. D. Jayakumar, and A. K. Tyagi. "ChemInform Abstract: Multiferroic Materials." ChemInform 43, no. 38 (August 23, 2012): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.201238226.

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N. V., Srihari, K. B. Vinayakumar, and K. K. Nagaraja. "Magnetoelectric Coupling in Bismuth Ferrite—Challenges and Perspectives." Coatings 10, no. 12 (December 14, 2020): 1221. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings10121221.

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Multiferroic materials belong to the sub-group of ferroics possessing two or more ferroic orders in the same phase. Aizu first coined the term multiferroics in 1969. Of late, several multiferroic materials’ unique and robust characteristics have shown great potential for various applications. Notably, the coexisting magnetic and electrical ordering results in the Magnetoelectric effect (ME), wherein the electrical polarization can be manipulated by magnetic fields and magnetization by electric fields. Currently, more significant interests lie in significantly enhancing the ME coupling facilitating the realization of Spintronic devices, which makes use of the transport phenomenon of spin-polarized electrons. On the other hand, the magnetoelectric coupling is also pivotal in magnetic memory devices wherein the application of small electric voltage manipulates the magnetic properties of the device. This review gives a brief overview of magnetoelectric coupling in Bismuth ferrite and approaches to achieve higher magnetoelectric coupling and device applications.

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Liang, Lizhi, Heng Wu, Lei Li, and Xinhua Zhu. "Characterization of Multiferroic Domain Structures in Multiferroic Oxides." Journal of Nanomaterials 2015 (2015): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/169874.

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Multiferroic oxides have been received much attention due to that these materials exhibit multiple ferroic order parameters (e.g., electric polarization in ferroelectrics, magnetization in ferromagnetics, or spontaneous strain in ferroelastics) simultaneously in the same phase in a certain temperature range, which offer an exciting way of coupling between the ferroic order parameters. Thus, this provides a possibility for constructing new type of multifunctional devices. The multiferroic domain structures in these materials are considered to be an important factor to improve the efficiency and performance of future multiferroic devices. Therefore, the domain structures in multiferroic oxides are widely investigated. Recent developments in domain characterization techniques, particularly the aberration-corrected transmission electron microscopy (TEM), have enabled us to determine the domain structures at subangstrom scale, and the recent development ofin situTEM techniques allows ones to study the dynamic behaviors of multiferroic domains under applied fields or stress while the atomic structure is imaged directly. This paper provides a review of recent advances on the characterization of multiferroic domain structures in multiferroic oxides, which have been achieved by the notable advancement of aberration-corrected TEM.

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Wang, Hua, and Xiaofeng Qian. "Ferroicity-driven nonlinear photocurrent switching in time-reversal invariant ferroic materials." Science Advances 5, no. 8 (August 2019): eaav9743. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aav9743.

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Nonlinear optical responses to external electromagnetic field, characterized by second- and higher-order susceptibilities, play crucial roles in nonlinear optics and optoelectronics. Here, we demonstrate the possibility to achieve ferroicity-driven nonlinear photocurrent switching in time-reversal invariant multiferroics. It is enabled by the second-order current response to electromagnetic field whose direction can be controlled by both internal ferroic orders and external light polarization. Second-order direct photocurrent consists of shift current and circular photocurrent under linearly and circularly polarized light irradiation, respectively. We elucidate the microscopic mechanism in a representative class of two-dimensional multiferroic materials using group theoretical analyses and first-principles theory. The complex interplay of symmetries, shift vector, and Berry curvature governs the fundamental properties and switching behavior of shift current and circular photocurrent. Ferroicity-driven nonlinear photocurrent switching will open avenues for realizing nonlinear optoelectronics, nonlinear multiferroics, etc., using the coupled ferroic orders and nonlinear responses of ferroic materials under external field.

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Wang, Jiawei, Aitian Chen, Peisen Li, and Sen Zhang. "Magnetoelectric Memory Based on Ferromagnetic/Ferroelectric Multiferroic Heterostructure." Materials 14, no. 16 (August 17, 2021): 4623. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14164623.

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Electric-field control of magnetism is significant for the next generation of large-capacity and low-power data storage technology. In this regard, the renaissance of a multiferroic compound provides an elegant platform owing to the coexistence and coupling of ferroelectric (FE) and magnetic orders. However, the scarcity of single-phase multiferroics at room temperature spurs zealous research in pursuit of composite systems combining a ferromagnet with FE or piezoelectric materials. So far, electric-field control of magnetism has been achieved in the exchange-mediated, charge-mediated, and strain-mediated ferromagnetic (FM)/FE multiferroic heterostructures. Concerning the giant, nonvolatile, and reversible electric-field control of magnetism at room temperature, we first review the theoretical and representative experiments on the electric-field control of magnetism via strain coupling in the FM/FE multiferroic heterostructures, especially the CoFeB/PMN–PT [where PMN–PT denotes the (PbMn1/3Nb2/3O3)1−x-(PbTiO3)x] heterostructure. Then, the application in the prototype spintronic devices, i.e., spin valves and magnetic tunnel junctions, is introduced. The nonvolatile and reversible electric-field control of tunneling magnetoresistance without assistant magnetic field in the magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ)/FE architecture shows great promise for the future of data storage technology. We close by providing the main challenges of this and the different perspectives for straintronics and spintronics.

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SUN, NIAN X., and GOPALAN SRINIVASAN. "VOLTAGE CONTROL OF MAGNETISM IN MULTIFERROIC HETEROSTRUCTURES AND DEVICES." SPIN 02, no. 03 (September 2012): 1240004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010324712400048.

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Multiferroic materials and devices have attracted intensified recent interests due to the demonstrated strong magnetoelectric (ME) coupling in new multiferroic materials and devices with unique functionalities and superior performance characteristics. Strong ME coupling has been demonstrated in a variety of multiferroic heterostructures, including bulk magnetic on ferro/piezoelectric multiferroic heterostructures, magnetic film on ferro/piezoelectric slab multiferroic heterostructures, thin film multiferroic heterostructures, etc. Different multiferroic devices have been demonstrated, which include magnetic sensors, energy harvesters, and voltage tunable multiferroic RF/microwave devices which are compact, lightweight, and power efficient. In this progress report, we cover the most recent progress on multiferroic heterostructures and devices with a focus on voltage tunable multiferroic heterostructures and devices with strong converse ME coupling. Recent progress on magnetic-field tunable RF/microwave devices are also covered, including novel non-reciprocal tunable bandpass filters with ultra wideband isolation, compact, low loss and high power handling phase shifters, etc. These novel tunable multiferroic heterostructures and devices and tunable magnetic devices provide great opportunities for next generation reconfigurable RF/microwave communication systems and radars, Spintronics, magnetic field sensing, etc.

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Гареева, З. В., А. К. Звездин, Н. В. Шульга, Т. Т. Гареев, and С. М. Чен. "Механизмы магнитоэлектрических эффектов в оксидных мультиферроиках с прафазой перовскита." Физика твердого тела 64, no. 9 (2022): 1338. http://dx.doi.org/10.21883/ftt.2022.09.52830.43hh.

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Magnetoelectric effects are discussed in multiferroics with the perovskite structure: bismuth ferrite, rare-earth orthochromites, and Ruddlesden - Popper structures belonging to the trigonal, orthorhombic, and tetragonal syngonies. The influence of structural distortions on magnetic and ferroelectric properties is studied, possible magnetoelectric effects (linear, quadratic, inhomogeneous) in these materials are determined, and expressions for the linear magnetoelectric effect tensor are given. Macroscopic manifestations of the inhomogeneous magnetoelectric effect in multiferroic nanoelements are considered.

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Spaldin, Nicola A. "Multiferroics beyond electric-field control of magnetism." Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 476, no. 2233 (January 2020): 20190542. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2019.0542.

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Multiferroic materials, with their combined and coupled magnetism and ferroelectricity, provide a playground for studying new physics and chemistry as well as a platform for the development of novel devices and technologies. Based on my July 2017 Royal Society Inaugural Lecture, I review recent progress and propose future directions in the fundamentals and applications of multiferroics, with a focus on initially unanticipated developments outside of the core activity of electric-field control of magnetism.

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Makarova, Liudmila A., Danil A. Isaev, Alexander S. Omelyanchik, Iuliia A. Alekhina, Matvey B. Isaenko, Valeria V. Rodionova, Yuriy L. Raikher, and Nikolai S. Perov. "Multiferroic Coupling of Ferromagnetic and Ferroelectric Particles through Elastic Polymers." Polymers 14, no. 1 (December 31, 2021): 153. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14010153.

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Multiferroics are materials that electrically polarize when subjected to a magnetic field and magnetize under the action of an electric field. In composites, the multiferroic effect is achieved by mixing of ferromagnetic (FM) and ferroelectric (FE) particles. The FM particles are prone to magnetostriction (field-induced deformation), whereas the FE particles display piezoelectricity (electrically polarize under mechanical stress). In solid composites, where the FM and FE grains are in tight contact, the combination of these effects directly leads to multiferroic behavior. In the present work, we considered the FM/FE composites with soft polymer bases, where the particles of alternative kinds are remote from one another. In these systems, the multiferroic coupling is different and more complicated in comparison with the solid ones as it is essentially mediated by an electromagnetically neutral matrix. When either of the fields, magnetic or electric, acts on the ‘akin’ particles (FM or FE) it causes their displacement and by that perturbs the particle elastic environments. The induced mechanical stresses spread over the matrix and inevitably affect the particles of an alternative kind. Therefore, magnetization causes an electric response (due to the piezoeffect in FE) whereas electric polarization might entail a magnetic response (due to the magnetostriction effect in FM). A numerical model accounting for the multiferroic behavior of a polymer composite of the above-described type is proposed and confirmed experimentally on a polymer-based dispersion of iron and lead zirconate micron-size particles.

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Kumar, Pradeep. "Multiferroic Materials and their Properties." Integrated Ferroelectrics 131, no. 1 (January 2011): 25–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10584587.2011.616397.

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Wu, Liang, Ya Gao, and Jing Ma. "Recent progress in multiferroic materials." Science China Technological Sciences 58, no. 12 (December 2015): 2207–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11431-015-5971-4.

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Yong-Xing, WEI, JIN Chang-Qing, and ZENG Yi-Ming. "Progress of Relaxor Multiferroic Materials." Journal of Inorganic Materials 32, no. 10 (2017): 1009. http://dx.doi.org/10.15541/jim20160644.

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Yang, Changhong, Chunchang Wang, and Zhenxiang Cheng. "Editorial for the Special Issue “Nanoscale Ferroic Materials—Ferroelectric, Piezoelectric, Magnetic, and Multiferroic Materials”." Nanomaterials 12, no. 17 (August 26, 2022): 2951. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12172951.

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38

Kleemann, Wolfgang. "Disordered Multiferroics." Solid State Phenomena 189 (June 2012): 41–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.189.41.

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Disordered multiferroic materials (type-III multiferroics) escape the conventional schematics oftype-Iandtype-IImultiferroics, where two types of ferroic long-range order are expected to coexist under different interdependences and promise to attain a maximized bilinear (αorEH)magnetoelectriceffect under special symmetry conditions. Nevertheless sizable higher orderMEresponse occurs also in disordered systems such as in the simultaneousdipolarandspin glasses(multiglass) Sr0.98Mn0.02TiO3and K0.94Mn0.03TaO3, thequantum paraelectric antiferromagnetEuTiO3, thespin glassandrelaxor ferroelectricPbFe0.5Nb0.5O3, and theantiferroelectric antiferromagnetic dipole glassCuCr1-xInxP2S6. They have in common to show large quadratic magneto-capacitance effects, ΔεH2, which are related to dominating third-orderE2H2terms in their free energies and do not require special symmetry conditions. The polarization controlled exchange coupling can achieve giant fluctuation-enhanced values in the vicinity of critical magnetic fields as observed,e.g., in EuTiO3. Exceptionally, even the first-orderEH-typemagnetoelectriceffect is observed whenever metastable homogeneous order parameters are induced by field cooling as in EuTiO3, or in the spin glass phase of the relaxor multiferroic Pb (Fe0.5Nb0.5)O3atT < Tg= 10.6 K.

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Martínez Pérez, Juan Pablo, A. M. Bolarín-Miró, C. A. Cortés- Escobedo, and F. Sánchez-De Jesús. "Propiedades multiferroicas del compósito bifásico 0.8BaTiO3-0.2CoFe2O4 obtenido mediante mecanosíntesis asistida." Pädi Boletín Científico de Ciencias Básicas e Ingenierías del ICBI 7, Especial-2 (December 13, 2019): 6–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.29057/icbi.v7iespecial-2.4707.

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Los materiales multiferroicos presentan simultáneamente ordenamiento ferroeléctrico y ferromagnético, lo cual hace que sean de gran interés tecnológico. Sin embargo, sólo se conoce un material monofásico con características multiferroicas a temperatura ambiente, la ferrita de bismuto (BiFeO3). Una alternativa a materiales monofásicos, es el desarrollo de materiales multiferroicos bifásicos, con una fase ferromagnética y otra ferroeléctrica. En el presente trabajo se reporta la caracterización multiferroica (magnética y dieléctrica) del compósito 0.8BaTiO3-0.2CoFe2O4, obtenido mediante molienda de alta energía asistida con tratamiento térmico. Se mezclaron proporciones adecuadas de BaTiO3 con CoFe2O4 mediante molienda de alta energía, empleando un molino SPEX 8000D durante dos minutos, con una relación bolas-polvo de 60:1 y atmósfera oxidante (aire). La mezcla se compactó uniaxialmente a 800 MPa y posteriormente, se llevó a cabo un proceso de sinterización a 1300 ˚C durante 2 h. Los resultados de DRX confirman la presencia de ambas fases puras, BaTiO3 y CoFe2O4, sin evidencia de interacción química entre ellas. La caracterización dieléctrica muestra un comportamiento típico de un material ferroeléctrico con una permitividad relativa de 45 a 1 MHz. El análisis mediante magnetometría de muestra vibrante muestra un comportamiento ferrimagnético, propio de la ferrita de cobalto, con la particularidad de que exhibe una magnetización menor (11.5 emu/g), debido a la proporción de ferrita presente en el compósito. Los resultados dieléctricos y magnéticos demuestran el carácter multiferroico del compósito.

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Scott, J. F. "Electrical characterization of magnetoelectrical materials." Journal of Materials Research 22, no. 8 (August 2007): 2053–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2007.0260.

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A brief review is given of electrical properties of magnetoelectric, multiferroic materials, with emphasis on magnetocapacitance effects, nanostructures, integration into real random access memories, and critical phenomena, including defect dynamics near phase transitions.

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Hu, Jiamian, and Neil D. Mathur. "Advances in Ferroelectric and Multiferroic Materials." Advanced Electronic Materials 8, no. 6 (June 2022): 2200541. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aelm.202200541.

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Ting, J., and B. Kennedy. "A strategy to prepare multiferroic materials." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations of Crystallography 64, a1 (August 23, 2008): C526—C527. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0108767308083104.

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Zhao, Z., X. Ding, and E. K. H. Salje. "Flicker vortex structures in multiferroic materials." Applied Physics Letters 105, no. 11 (September 15, 2014): 112906. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4896143.

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Vopson, Melvin M. "The multicaloric effect in multiferroic materials." Solid State Communications 152, no. 23 (December 2012): 2067–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ssc.2012.08.016.

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Ramam, Koduri, Bhagavathula S. Diwakar, Kokkarachedu Varaprasad, Veluri Swaminadham, and Venu Reddy. "Magnetic properties of nano-multiferroic materials." Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials 442 (November 2017): 453–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmmm.2017.06.125.

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Andrew, Jennifer S., Justin D. Starr, and Maeve A. K. Budi. "Prospects for nanostructured multiferroic composite materials." Scripta Materialia 74 (March 2014): 38–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scriptamat.2013.09.023.

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Kumar, Ashok, Ram S. Katiyar, R. Guo, and A. S. Bhalla. "Magnetoelectric Characterization of Multiferroic Nanostructure Materials." Ferroelectrics 473, no. 1 (December 6, 2014): 137–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00150193.2014.923679.

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Liu, Yulan, Xiaoyan Lu, and Biao Wang. "Fracture toughness of multiferroic composite materials." Engineering Fracture Mechanics 75, no. 17 (November 2008): 4973–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.engfracmech.2008.06.027.

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Picozzi, Silvia, and Claude Ederer. "First principles studies of multiferroic materials." Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter 21, no. 30 (July 10, 2009): 303201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0953-8984/21/30/303201.

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Mochizuki, Masahito, and Yoshio Watanabe. "Writing a skyrmion on multiferroic materials." Applied Physics Letters 107, no. 8 (August 24, 2015): 082409. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4929727.

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