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Vaxès, Yann. "Multiflots avec (ou sans) contraintes de bonds." Aix-Marseille 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998AIX22004.
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La notion de flot, est adequate pour modeliser des problemes d'optimisation dans lesquels un seul produit circule sur un reseau en respectant la premiere loi de kirchoff sur chaque nud (la somme des flots qui entrent est egale a la somme des flots qui sortent). Lorsque plusieurs produits coexistent sur le meme reseau et entrent en competition pour l'utilisation des ressources (les capacites des liaisons), on doit utiliser la notion de multiflot. Ces problemes sont beaucoup plus difficiles que les problemes de flot, essentiellement parce que, dans ce cas, on ne sait pas prouver l'existence de solutions optimales entieres. Les applications qui ont motive notre etude proviennent du domaine des reseaux de telecommunications. Dans ce contexte, des contraintes supplementaires apparaissent : les contraintes de bonds. Elles proviennent de considerations de delai et consistent a borner le nombre d'arcs par lesquels transite une communication entre sa source et sa destination. Grace a la technique de generation de colonnes, bien connue en programmation lineaire, nous montrons que l'introduction de ces contraintes ne modifie pas la difficulte des problemes de multiflot. Une part importante du travail realise au cours de cette these concerne la mise en uvre des techniques de partitionnement pour les problemes de multiflot. Ces techniques consistent a specialiser la methode simplex pour tirer profit de la structure de la matrice des contraintes. Ce travail de programmation important a abouti a la realisation d'un solveur lineaire specialise pour les problemes de multiflot. Il s'est avere meilleur qu'un solveur lineaire commercial recent. Ensuite, nous avons generalise le partitionnement aux problemes de multiflots non-simultanes qui trouvent leur application par exemple dans la conception de reseaux resistants aux pannes. Il s'agit a notre connaissance de la premiere implantation des techniques de partitionnement pour resoudre un probleme de multiflots non-simultanes. Nous avons presente une application de notre solveur pour un probleme de dimensionnement de reseaux de donnees que nous avons modelise comme un programme mathematique. Nous avons etabli des proprietes des solutions optimales et nous avons montre comment les utiliser pour reduire les intervalles des valeurs possibles de capacites. Des tests numeriques ont montre qu'en ajoutant ces regles de reductions d'intervalles a une methode classique de branch and bound, on reduit significativement la taille de l'arbre de recherche. Enfin, les contraintes de bonds nous ont pousses a etudier le polyedre des 3-cycles du graphe complet k#n. Nous avons obtenu quelques classes de facettes de ce polyedre. Elles sont suffisantes pour le decrire completement seulement si n ( 7. Nous avons pu montrer que le probleme de separation pour l'une des classes d'inegalites qui definissent une facette est np-complet.
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Libeaut, Xavier. "Multiflots dynamiques avec contraintes de synchronisation de ressources." Angers, 2013. https://hal.science/tel-01104353.
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Nous étudions un problème de multiflots caractéristique de l’organisation logistique de la messagerie. Ce problème est mis en situation dans la littérature puis formalisé de deux manières, donnant lieu à l’introduction d’un modèle basé sur la notion de multiflots et également d’un modèle indexé dans le temps. Dans un cadre générique applicable à ces deux modélisations, nous proposons des stratégies heuristiques pour résoudre notre problème : heuristique sérielle, technique d’échelonnement de capacité et enfin Large Neighborhood Search. La qualité des solutions obtenues est évaluée sur la base de bornes inférieures que nous calculons. Nous exploitons à cette fin des instances de grandes tailles, représentatives d’organisations réelles, et issues d’un générateur d’instance dédié<br>This research focuses on a multi-commodity flow problem arising in courier and small-package delivery services. In the first part, we present the context of the study and review relevant literature. In the second part, we introduce two different mix integer programming models for the problem and discuss valid inequalities and surrogate constraints helpful to straighten the formulations. In the third part, we propose a method to compute a lower bound and 5 heuristic approaches to solve the problem. The latter include tailored implementations of the capacity scaling heuristic and the large neighborhood search framework. In the last part of the manuscript, we first introduce a methodology to generate test instances for the problem. Then, we discuss and analyze extensive computational experiments carefully crafted to assess the performance of the proposed solution methods
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Ghosh, Rajlakshmi. "Assessment of genetic variation and population differentiation in invasive multiflora rose, Rosa multiflora Thunberg (Rosaceae) in northeastern Ohio." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1247851008.
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Sandri, Marcus. "MultiFlow: uma solução para distribuição de subfluxos MPTCP em Redes OpenFlow." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/637.
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Previous issue date: 2015-06-10<br>Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos<br>This Master s thesis shows a solution for splitting MPTCP subflows in an Openflow network. MPTCP is a network protocol designed to branch a single TCP connection into many subflows. The main idea is to forward subflows th- rough disjointed paths. Commonly, ECMP protocol is adopted together to split flows through distinct paths. Nevertheless, there are many issues that shows that ECMP is not pareto-optimal, such as: ECMP can easily set two subflows from the same TCP connection on the same path and/or set a distinct forward and back forward route to the same subflow. To solve these issues, it is designed MultiFlow, a module which uses a controller for guarantee multipath routing by setting subflows from the same MPTCP connection so that such subflows are forwarded through distinct paths. MultiFlow is evaluated in experimentation where is analyzed throughput and resilience comparing it with Spanning-Tree (STP) and ECMP. The experiments were done by using Mininet: An OpenFlow emulator for experimenting with a set of topologies.<br>Esta dissertação apresenta uma solução para distribuir subfluxos Multipath-TCP (MPTCP) em redes OpenFlow. MPTCP é um protocolo desenvolvido para derivar um fluxo TCP em diversos subfluxos e estes serem roteados por caminhos disjuntos ao longo da rede. Convencionalmente, adota-se em conjunto o protocolo Equal-Cost Multipath (ECMP), do qual distribui fluxos de todos os tipos de protocolos ao longo de uma rede com múltiplos caminhos. Entretanto, existem diversas questões que mostram que o ECMP não é um protocolo altamente eficiente. Dentre elas, o ECMP comumente pode alocar dois subfluxos de uma mesma conexão em um mesmo caminho e/ou distribuir um caminho de ida diferente do caminho de volta. A fim de solucionar estes problemas, é desenvolvido o MultiFlow, um módulo para o controlador POX a fim de garantir que subfluxos pertencentes a uma mesma conexão MPTCP possam ser encaminhados em caminhos disjuntos, em uma rede OpenFlow. MultiFlow é validado em experimentos de desempenho onde são analisados taxa de transferência (throughput) e resiliência em experimentos comparativos com os protocolos Spanning-Tree (STP) e ECMP. Para isso, utilizamos o Mininet: Um emulador de rede OpenFlow que permite a criação de diferentes topologias para experimentação.
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Marcus, Karina. "Multiflots, métriques et graphes h-parfaits : les cycles impairs dans l'optimisation combinatoire." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1996. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00005002.
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Ce travail se situe dans le domaine de l'optimisation combinatoire. Nous étudions plus particulièrement des caractérisations d'objets pour lesquels des problèmes, qui dans le cas général sont NP-complets, deviennent polynomiaux. Nous traitons d'abord le problème de la faisabilité d'un multiflot, qui possède des applications trés importantes en recherche opérationnelle. C'est à dire, étant donnée la spécification du problème, avec le réseau, les capacités et les demandes, on veut démontrer l'existence ou la non-existence d'une solution. Une façon d'aborder ce problème est de donner des conditions nécessaires et suffisantes pour l'existence d'un multiflot, comme celle connue par condition de coupe. Nous présentons la condition (CC, K_5, F_7), qui généralise la condition de coupe et "raffine" une autre condition existante, la (CC3). La structure du problème de multiflot nous permet aussi de regarder un problème étroitement associé, celui du "packing" de métriques. Nous traitons le cas des packing entiers et demi-entiers, quand la famille de métriques comprend les métriques CC3 et les métriques K_5 et F_7. Nous caractérisons la classe de graphes, et plus généralement de matroïdes, ou l'on peut trouver des packings entiers et demi-entiers, sous quelques hypothèses additionnelles. Puis nous nous intéressons aux propriétés générales des graphes h- et t-parfaits, et au problème de coloration associé. Les résultats que nous présentons donnent des bornes pour leur nombres chromatiques, et des classes qui satisfont une conjecture de Shepherd. Enfin nous présentons la hiérarchie des graphes étudiés, qui est obtenu grâce à des outils comme les graphes faiblement bipartis, les clutters binaires et les matrices à composantes 0,1. Nous clôturons ce mémoire en précisant quelques directions de recherche qui pourront donner suite à ce travail, aussi bien sur le sujet de la faisabilité des problèmes de multiflot, que sur la coloration des graphes h- et t-parfaits.
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HILY, SEBASTIEN. "Etude du parallelisme monolithique : cas du multiflot simultane." Rennes 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997REN10070.
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Plusieurs dizaines de millions de transistors peuvent d'ores et deja etre integrees sur un unique circuit. Parallelement, les frequences d'horloges internes des microprocesseurs augmentent rapidement. Le fosse entre horloge interne (sur le circuit integre) et horloge systeme (sur la carte) ne cesse de s'accroitre rendant de plus en plus enorme le temps d'acces relatif de la memoire principale du processeur. Pour exploiter ces donnees technologiques, plusieurs formes de parallelisme d'execution devront etre mises en uvre sur le circuit integre lui-meme. Parmi les techniques mariant a la fois le parallelisme d'instructions et le parallelisme de flots, le multiflot simultane (smt) constitue l'une des plus prometteuses. Un microprocesseur smt permet l'execution simultanee de plusieurs flots d'instructions dans un pipeline superscalaire partage. Le materiel mis en uvre dans l'architecture est ainsi utilise au maximum. L'execution simultanee de plusieurs flots implique cependant de nouvelles contraintes au niveau des mecanismes architecturaux qu'il est important d'etudier. Les travaux presentes dans cette these nous ont permis de montrer que les tables de prediction de branchements peuvent etre partagees par les differents flots, que la charge de travail soit constituee d'applications independantes ou d'une unique application parallele. La presence d'une pile d'adresses de retour par flots permet cependant d'ameliorer largement la validite des predictions. La hierarchie memoire est apparue comme un mecanisme beaucoup plus critique. Ce sont les parametres de la hierarchie memoire qui en effet vont fixer le degre multiflot maximal qu'il est raisonnable de mettre en uvre. Pour obtenir les meilleures performances, il est notamment indispensable de disposer de caches de premier niveau associatifs, avec des blocs de petites tailles. Cependant, la contention sur le cache de second niveau devrait limiter l'efficacite du multiflot a quelques flots. Nous montrons enfin qu'avec seulement 4 flots, une architecture offrant le multiflot simultane peut se contenter d'une execution des instructions dans l'ordre. Le gain en performance apporte par le lancement des instructions dans le desordre est en effet trop faible pour justifier une mis en uvre de mecanismes materiels complexes
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LIMOUSIN, CLAUDE. "Multiflot simultane et multimedia : outil, etude et optimisation." Paris 11, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA112169.
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Du fait du manque de parallelisme d'instructions et de l'ecart toujours croissant entre la vitesse des processeurs et le temps d'acces de la memoire dynamique, un unique flot d'instructions ne peut utiliser efficacement le materiel maintenant integrable dans un processeur. Une solution est d'executer plusieurs flots d'instructions a travers le multiflot simultane (smt), qui permet a tous les flots presents sur le processeur d'acceder simultanement a toutes les unites d'execution, est une approche prometteuse. Dans cette these, nous etudions les performances d'applications multimedias sur cette architecture. Ces applications, en plein developpement actuellement, possedent des caracteristiques particulieres qui font du smt une plate-forme interessante pour les executer. Dans un premier temps, nous presentons popspy, un instrumenteur de code executable pour le powerpc. Popspy permet notamment la generation de traces multiflot de programmes dont les sources ne sont pas disponibles, comme certains programmes utilises dans cette these. Il permet egalement la generation de traces altivec, l'extension multimedia du powerpc. Nous evaluons ensuite les performances de l'architecture smt sur nos applications en considerant differents dimensionnements du cur superscalaire et de la hierarchie memoire. Nous montrons que le smt permet de masquer la latence du cache de second niveau et est efficace sur ces applications, meme avec un grand nombre de flots. Les jeux d'instructions multimedia presents dans les processeurs ainsi que le prechargement de donnees sont deux moyens d'ameliorer les performances de ces applications. Nous analysons le benefice de l'association de ces deux mecanismes avec le smt, a la fois separement et conjointement, en fonction des caracteristiques de la hierarchie memoire. Nous montrons notamment que l'utilisation d'unites multimedia se justifie de moins en moins a mesure que le nombre de flots augmente ou que le d'ebit memoire diminue. Enfin, nous nous penchons sur l'optimisation particuliere du multiflot simultane pour la 3d polygonale temps-reel en tirant parti de la structure du pipeline graphique qui constitue le cur de cette application. Nous mettons a jour une pollution des stations de reservation du fait des echecs dans le cache de second niveau, et proposons un mecanisme de prediction pour controler l'emission des flots et eviter cette pollution. Nous obtenons ainsi des gains de performance significatifs.
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Hirai, Hiroshi. "Tight spans of distances and the dual fractionality of undirected multiflow problems." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/126567.
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Nascimento, Karyn Frichis do. "Propaga??o de pau-terra-liso (Qualea multiflora MART.)." UFVJM, 2015. http://acervo.ufvjm.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/1034.
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Previous issue date: 2015<br>O trabalho teve como objetivo desenvolver procedimentos de micropropaga??o para a esp?cie pau-terra-liso (Qualea multiflora Mart.) a partir de sementes germinadas in vitro e avaliar a emerg?ncia, o crescimento inicial e a sobreviv?ncia de mudas em fun??o de diferentes substratos e ambientes, em condi??es de viveiro. No primeiro cap?tulo, as sementes de Qualea multiflora foram submetidas ? desinfesta??o com hipoclorito de s?dio em diferentes concentra??es e tempos de imers?o para a sua introdu??o in vitro. Foi avaliado o percentual de germina??o e contamina??o. Utilizando o melhor tratamento do experimento de desinfesta??o, foi instalado outro experimento para comparar as composi??es distintas de meio de cultura MS (Murashige & Skoog, 1962) e WPM (Lloyd & McCown, 1981) na germina??o de pau-terra-liso. Avaliou-se o percentual de germina??o e de pl?ntulas normais. Na fase de multiplica??o foram utilizados dois tipos de explantes (segmento nodal e segmento cotiledonar) retirados das pl?ntulas germinadas in vitro que foram inoculados em meio de cultura WPM. Este foi suplementado com BAP em concentra??es diferenciadas e ANA. A fase foi constitu?da pelo cultivo inicial e dois subcultivos. Avaliaram-se os n?meros de brota??es por explantes e a altura da maior brota??o. Constatou-se que a concentra??o de 5% de hipoclorito de s?dio durante 20 minutos de imers?o proporcionou os melhores resultados de desinfesta??o e germina??o in vitro. Observou-se que o tipo de meio de cultura e a concentra??o influenciam na germina??o e na qualidade das pl?ntulas de Qualea multiflora, logo, recomenda-se o meio WPM com 100% de sais e vitaminas para essa esp?cie. Os melhores resultados de multiplica??o foram alcan?ados utilizando o explante cotiledonar e a concentra??o de 0,6 mg L-? de BAP. No cap?tulo 2, os experimentos foram instalados em ambiente de casa de sombra e de casa de vegeta??o utilizando quatro tipos de substratos, sendo: 1) 100% substrato comercial Bioplant?, 2) 70% de vermiculita de granulometria m?dia + 30% de fibra de coco, 3) 70% de vermiculita + 30% Bioplant?, e 4) 40% de vermiculita + 30% de fibra de coco + 30% de Bioplant?. Realizaram-se avalia??es aos 60, 90, 120 e 150 dias para verificar a emerg?ncia, o crescimento em altura e di?metro e a sobreviv?ncia das mudas. No final do experimento, foram obtidos o peso da mat?ria seca da
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parte a?rea, o peso de mat?ria seca de ra?zes, o peso de mat?ria seca total e a rela??o peso de mat?ria seca da parte a?rea e peso de mat?ria seca das ra?zes. Em casa de vegeta??o a emerg?ncia de Qualea multiflora obteve os maiores percentuais com o uso do substrato VB (70% de vermiculita + 30% de Bioplant ?). N?o ocorreu diferen?a no crescimento em altura entre as mudas que estavam em casa de vegeta??o e em casa de sombra. Para o ambiente casa de sombra, n?o houve diferen?as significativas entre as caracter?sticas de mat?ria seca analisadas, em fun??o dos substratos. Com os dados de sobreviv?ncia nos dois ambientes, conclui-se que a Qualea multiflora ? de dif?cil propaga??o em condi??es de viveiro, sendo necess?rios mais estudos para a produ??o de mudas da esp?cie.<br>Disserta??o (Mestrado) ? Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Ci?ncia Florestal, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2015.<br>The study aimed to develop micropropagation procedures for the ?pau-terra-liso? species (Qualea multiflora Mart.) from seeds germinated in vitro and evaluate the emergency, the initial growth and survival of seedlings for different substrates and environments in arboretum conditions. In the first chapter, the Qualea multiflora seeds were subjected to disinfection with sodium hypochlorite in different concentrations and immersion times for its introduction in vitro. The percentage of germination and contamination was evaluated. Using the best treatment of disinfestation experiment, it was installed another experiment to compare the different compositions of MS (Murashige and Skoog, 1962) and WPM (Lloyd & McCown, 1981) on the ?pau-terra-liso? germination. It was evaluated the percentage of germination and normal seedlings. In the multiplication phase it was used two types of explants (nodal segments and cotyledon segment) taken from seedlings germinated in vitro which were inoculated in WPM culture. This one was supplemented with ?BAP? and ?ANA? in different concentrations. The stage was set for the initial culture and two subcultures. It was evaluated the shoot numbers per explant and the height of the larger shoot. It was found that the concentration of 5% sodium hypochlorite for 20 minutes immersion gave the best results of disinfestation and in vitro germination. It was observed that the type of culture environment and the concentration influence the germination and quality of seedlings of Qualea multiflora, so it is recommended a WPM environment with 100% salts and vitamins for this species. The best multiplication results were achieved using cotyledon explants and concentration of 0.6 mg L-? of BAP. In Chapter 2, the experiments were conducted in shade house and greenhouse environment using four types of substrates, as follows: 1) 100% commercial substrate Bioplant?, 2) 70% of average grain size of vermiculite + 30% coconut fiber, 3) 70% of vermiculite + 30% Bioplant?, and 4) 40% of vermiculite and 30% coconut fiber + 30% Bioplant?. Evaluations were performed at 60, 90, 120 and 150 days to verify the emergence, growth in height and diameter and survival of seedlings. At the end of the experiment, it was obtained the dry matter weight of the aerial part, the dry matter weight of the roots, the entire dry matter weight and the relation between the weight of dry matter of aerial part and weight
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of dry matter of the roots. In a greenhouse, the emergency Qualea multiflora obtained the highest percentages with the use of VB substrate (70% vermiculite and 30% of Bioplant ?). There was no difference in height growth among the seedlings that were in the greenhouse and in the shade house. To the environment shade house, there were no significant differences among the characteristics of the analyzed dry matter, according to the substrates. With the survival data in both environments, it is concluded that the Qualea multiflora is difficult to spread in arboretum conditions; further research is needed for the production of seedlings of the species.
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Vieira, Inês Pereira. "Caracterização de uma planta com propriedades hipoglicemiantes - cytisus multiflorus." Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/14633.
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The olive pomace residue is a material with lignocellulosic features available in the Alentejo region which may be enhanced by the production of ethanol. In the present work a study was developed in order to investigate the influence of the phenolic compounds present in the extracted olive pomace and the water used in their washing after pre-treatment, in the saccharification process of cellulose by the enzymatic complex Celluclast 1.5L. This consortium was characterized in terms of molecular weight of its constituents and their activities: total on filter paper, endogluclanase and cellobiase. Assays were performed with different washing water and enzyme concentrations and an evident reduction in the activity of the cellulase complex in the presence of 100% of washing water was observed. Assays conducted with extracted pomace, revealed a lower cellulase activity in cellulose to glucose conversion comparing to filter paper assays, with no significant differences between washed and unwashed pomace; ABSTRACT: The olive pomace residue is a material with lignocellulosic features available in the Alentejo region which may be enhanced by the production of ethanol. In the present work a study was developed in order to investigate the influence of the phenolic compounds present in the extracted olive pomace and the water used in their washing after pre-treatment, in the saccharification process of cellulose by the enzymatic complex Celluclast 1.5L. This consortium was characterized in terms of molecular weight of its constituents and their activities: total on filter paper, endogluclanase and cellobiase. Assays were performed with different washing water and enzyme concentrations and an evident reduction in the activity of the cellulase complex in the presence of 100% of washing water was observed. Assays conducted with extracted pomace, revealed a lower cellulase activity in cellulose to glucose conversion comparing to filter paper assays, with no significant differences between washed and unwashed pomace.
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Létocart, Lucas. "Problèmes de multicoupe et de multiflot en nombres entiers." Paris, CNAM, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002CNAM0430.
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L'objet de cette thèse est l'étude et la résolution de problèmes d'optimisation combinatoire dans les graphes : les problèmes de multiflot maximal en nombres entiers et de multicoupe minimale, ainsi que de plusieurs problèmes connexes : les problèmes de coupe et flot multiterminaux, de flots inséparables, de multichemins et de chemins disjoints par les arêtes. Après avoir effectué une étude bibliographique, nous montrons que les problèmes de multiflot et de multicoupe sont polynomiaux dans les arbres orientés puis nous proposons un algorithme de séparation et d 'évaluation afin de résoudre le problème NP-difficile de la multicoupe minimale dans les arbres non orientés. Nous proposons enfin des algorithmes polynomiaux pour les problèmes de coupe et de flot multiterminaux et pour le problème de la multicoupe minimale dans les anneaux<br>The object of this work is to study and to solve combinatorial optimization problems in graphs : maximum integral multiflow and minimum multicut problems, and some subproblems, as the multiterminal cut and flow, the unspittable flow, the multipath and the edge disjoint path problems are polynomial in directed trees and we propose a polynomial algorithm to solve both problems in rooted trees. We use linear programming and semi-definite programming in a branch and bound algorithm in order to solve the NP-hard minimum multicut problem in undirected trees. We propose also polynomial algorithms for the multiterminal cut and flow problems and for the minimum multicut problem in rings
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Knippel, Arnaud. "Modeles et algorithmes de multiflots a cout discontinu pour l'optimisation de reseaux de telecommunications." Paris 6, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA066130.
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Cette these porte sur l'optimisation de reseaux de telecommunications : comment repartir les capacites sur les liens d'un reseau de facon a minimiser le cout global tout en satisfaisant un ensemble de demandes de trafic ? les couts sur les liens du reseau sont modelises ici par des fonctions de cout croissantes en escalier quelconques et le probleme est mis sous la forme d'un programme lineaire en nombres entiers. Deux approches distinctes ont donne lieu a des algorithmes originaux de resolution exacte ou approchee pour les problemes de flot simple puis de multiflot, qui compte tenu des fonctions de cout sont d'une tres grande complexite combinatoire. Le cas du flot simple est traite au moyen d'un algorithme exact d'enumeration implicite et par une methode de generation de contraintes. L'algorithme d'enumeration implicite a permis la mise au point d'une methode de resolution approchee pour le cas du multiflot qui ameliore des resultats anterieurs. La methode de generation de contraintes a pu etre adaptee au cas du multiflot et a permis d'obtenir des solutions exactes pour des problemes de reseaux ayant une vingtaine de sommets et une quarantaine d'aretes. Cette approche a egalement ete generalisee pour la resolution exacte du probleme de dimensionnement de reseaux resistants aux pannes, ou l'on veut que toutes les demandes de trafic puissent etre satisfaites meme en cas de panne sur un lien quelconque du reseau. Enfin, des solutions approchees de bonne qualite sont obtenues par generation de contraintes au moyen d'une resolution approchee des sous-problemes. Tous ces algorithmes sont presentes avec des resultats d'experiences numeriques realisees a partir de problemes generes aleatoirement.
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Zimmer, Cristiano Mathias. "Fatores genéticos e moleculares associados ao caráter espiguetas multiflora em aveia." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/174743.
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A formação de espiguetas multiflora é uma característica complexa devido à sua expressividade variável. Os mecanismos genéticos e moleculares que controlam o caráter espiguetas multiflora ainda não são completamente compreendidos em aveia. Os objetivos deste estudo foram: i) caracterizar duas populações de linhagens recombinantes de aveia para o caráter espiguetas multiflora; ii) determinar o número de genes que controla o caráter espiguetas multiflora em aveia e, iii) identificar, clonar, sequenciar e caracterizar sequências codificantes associadas a genes candidatos ao controle da formação de espiguetas multiflora em aveia. As populações de aveia “UFRGS 01B7114-1-3 x UFRGS 006013-1” e “URS Taura x UFRGS 017004-2” foram avaliadas para o caráter espiguetas multiflora, em duas épocas de semeadura, no ano de 2014. A formação de espiguetas normais, multiflora e mosaico, em cada um dos terços da panícula e na panícula inteira foi analisada. Pares de primers específicos para o gene AP2 foram desenvolvidos a partir do alinhamento de sequências homólogas de diferentes espécies de gramíneas Pares de primers para os genes Vrn1 e AGL6 também foram utilizados para amplificar e clonar sequências de aveia. A expressão das espiguetas multiflora ao longo da panícula foi alterada nas populações avaliadas em função da época de semeadura. A semeadura tardia aumentou a formação de espiguetas multiflora e reduziu o número de espiguetas mosaico, nas duas populações. A análise genética indicou a presença de um gene maior controlando o caráter espiguetas multiflora em aveia hexaploide. A análise molecular revelou a presença de duas variações alélicas dos genes Vrn1 e AP2 nos genótipos URS Taura e UFRGS 017004-2, indicando que o gene AP2 deve estar conservado em aveia. Uma sequência do gene AGL6 também foi isolada nestes genitores. A existência de polimorfismos moleculares nos genes Vrn1, AP2 e AGL6 pode ser determinante para a expressão do caráter espiguetas multiflora. Estudos complementares poderão confirmar a associação destes genes com a formação de espiguetas multiflora em aveia.<br>The formation of multiflorous spikelet is a complex character due to its variable expressivity. Genetic and molecular mechanisms that control the character multiflorous spikelet are not fully understood in oats. The objectives of this study were: i) to characterize two populations of recombinants oat lines to the character multiflorous spikelet; ii) to determine the number of genes controlling the character multiflorous spikelet in oats; and iii) to identify, clone, sequence and characterize coding sequences associated with candidate genes to control the formation of multiflorous spikelet in oats. The character multiflorous spikelet was evaluated in the oat populations “UFRGS 01B7114-1-3 x UFRGS 006013-1” and “URS Taura x UFRGS 017004-2”, in two sowing dates, in the year of 2014. The formation of normal, multiflorous and mosaic spikelets was analyzed in each third of the panicle and in the whole panicle. Specific primer pairs for the gene AP2 were developed from the alignment of homologous sequences from different grass species. Specific primer pairs for the genes Vrn1 and AGL6 were also utilized for amplifying and cloning oat sequences. The expression of multiflorous spikelets along the panicle was dependent on the sowing date in each evaluated population. The late sowing increased the formation of multiflorous spikelet and decreased the number of mosaic spikelets, in both populations. Genetic analysis indicated the presence of one major gene controlling the character multiflorous spikelet in hexaploid oat. Molecular analysis revealed the presence of two allelic variants of the genes Vrn1 and AP2 in the genotypes URS Taura and UFRGS 017004-2, indicating that AP2 might be conserved in oats. One sequence of the gene AGL6 was also isolated in these genotypes. The existence of molecular polymorphisms in the genes Vrn1, AP2 and AGL6 can be crucial for the expression of the character multiflorous spikelet. Further studies may confirm the association of these genes with the formation of multiflorous spikelets in oats.
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LOPES, L. G. "Estudo químico de Pavonia multiflora A. St-Hil. (Malvaceae), planta endêmica do Espírito Santo." Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2014. http://repositorio.ufes.br/handle/10/4707.
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Previous issue date: 2014-03-27<br>Este trabalho descreve o estudo fitoquímico das folhas da espécie Pavonia
multiflora visando o isolamento e a identificação de seus metabólitos secundários
que possam ser direcionados à busca por atividade biológica. A espécie de estudo é
endêmica do Estado do Espírito Santo, e é encontrada na região de Mata Atlântica.
Essa espécie ainda não possui registros de estudos fitofarmacológicos na
comunidade científica. Portanto, neste trabalho, as partições hexânica e acetato de
etila, provenientes do extrato etanólico das folhas de Pavonia multiflora, foram
submetidos a diversas metodologias cromatográficas visando o isolamento dos seus
constituintes químicos. Tais métodos cromatográficos incluíram Cromatografia em
Camada Delgada Comparativa, Cromatografia Líquida em Coluna, Cromatografia
em Camada Delgada Preparativa, Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Eficiência e
Cromatografia Líquida à Vácuo, as quais tiveram diversificadas fases estacionárias e
eluentes. Através de técnicas espectroscópicas e espectrométricas, foram
identificadas dez substâncias, sendo quatro compostos fenólicos: o ácido phidroxibenzóico,
ácido p-cumárico, ácido vanílico e ácido ferúlico; cinco derivados
terpênicos: loliolida, vomifoliol, 4,5 dihidroblumenol A, 3-oxo-α-ionol e o blumenol C;
e um triterpeno esterificado derivado do taraxerol, o p-metoxibenzoato de taraxerol.
O extrato total foi ensaiado em diferentes concentrações como inibidor das
catepsinas K, L e V, o qual apresentou atividade inibitória da catepsina K e V com
concentração de 500 μg/mL.
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Cartmill, Andrew David. "Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi enhance tolerance to bicarbonate in Rosa multiflora cv. burr." Thesis, Texas A&M University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/2661.
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High bicarbonate (HCO3-) content and associated high pH of irrigation water is detrimental to plant growth. Sustain ableagricultural/horticultural production will increasingly have to rely on economically feasible and environmentally sound solutions to the problems associated with high levels of HCO3- in irrigation water. The ability of a mixed Glomus Tulasne & Tulasne species inoculum of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), Glomus ZAC-19 (containing Glomus albidum Walker & Rhodes, Glomus claroideum Schenck & Smith, and Glomus diaphanum Morton & Walker), to enhance plant tolerance to HCO3- was tested on the growth and nutrient uptake of Rosa multiflora Thunb. ex J. Murr. cv. Burr (rose). Arbuscular mycorrhizal colonized and non-inoculated (non-AMF) R. multiflora cv. Burr were treated with 0, 2.5, 5, and 10 mM HCO3-. Increasing HCO3- concentration and associated high pH reduced R. multiflora cv. Burr growth, nutrient uptake, and acid phosphatase activity (ACP), while increasing alkaline phosphatase activity (ALP). Inoculation with AMF enhanced plant tolerance to HCO3- as indicated by greater growth, nutrient uptake, leaf chlorophyll content, higher mycorrhizal inoculation effect (MIE), lower root iron reductase activity, and generally lower soluble and wall-bound ALP activity. While AMF colonization (arbuscules, vesicles, and hyphae formation) was reduced by increasing HCO3- concentration, colonization still occurred at high HCO3- concentration. At 2.5 mM HCO3-, AMF plant growth was comparable to plants at 0 mM HCO3-, further indicating the beneficial effect of AMF for alleviation of HCO3- plant stress.
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LaBarge, Erin R. "Intensive rotational targeted grazing (IRTG) as a management tool for Rosa multiflora." Thesis, State University of New York at Albany, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10075087.
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<p>The efficacy of intensive rotational targeted grazing (IRTG) for suppression of the invasive shrub, multiflora rose (Rosa multiflora) was investigated in upstate New York. Sheep stocked at high density were rotated through a circuit of enclosures at a frequency of 3-d per enclosure, from May-September, 2011 and 2012. The photosynthetic surface areas (PSA) and vitality of R. multiflora plants were evaluated before (May 2011) and after treatment by grazing (Sept 2011). Changes over time were compared with similar measurements of ungrazed plants. Species richness (S) was estimated in each enclosure before (May) and after (September) treatment. PSA in grazed enclosures declined by 56.8% over the 2011 season and by 62.5% during the 2012 season. One year after ITRG treatment, healthy R. multiflora plants in grazed enclosures had declined by 91% and unhealthy and dead plants had increased by more than 200%. The distributions of healthy, unhealthy and dead plants, in grazed and ungrazed enclosures, though not different before treatment (chi square goodness of fit test; p>0.05?? were different one year later (p<0.001). Mean S in grazed enclosures increased by 27% over the season and by the end of the study, S was 12% higher than ungrazed enclosures. Evidence of stress in R. multiflora (clumping, dwarfing and reddening of leaves) at the end of the 2011 season led me to investigate the possible presence of rose rosette disease (RRD) during 2012. Potential stress was confirmed in plants experiencing leaf reddening. Chlorophyll a concentrations were significantly lower in red than green leaves (Student?s t = 5.20, df=28, p<0.001). Not unexpectedly, Normalized Difference Vegetative Index (NDVI) lso differed in red and green leaves (Student?s t = 2.76, df=32, p<0.01). Green leaves had higher dry weights than red leaves (Student?s t=14.13, df=151, p<0.001). Wool from the sheep, and R. multiflora leaf and petiole samples were collected to determine if the eriophyid mite, Phyllocoptes fructiphilus, a vector for RRD was present. No significant evidence of P. fructiphilus in leaf and petiole (Mean=0.00 N=414 SD=.71) or wool samples (Mean=0.00 N=11 SD=0) was found. This was unexpected, although it would only take one mite to be the vector if that particular mite was carrying the rose rosette virus. Further studies would be required to test whether rose rosette was confirmed in this population. Visual evidence of RRD symptoms were more prevalent in grazed enclosures than ungrazed locations, and a greater decline in grazed enclosures was clear.
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Pérez, Margarita. "Phytochemische und pharmakologische Untersuchung von Qualea multiflora Mart. und Polypodium feei Meet. /." [S.l. : s.n.], 1997. http://www.gbv.de/dms/bs/toc/250653869.pdf.
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Piché, Dumontier Catherine. "Évaluation de la tolérance du ray-grass italien (Lolium multiflorum) en culture intercalaire à divers herbicides résiduels dans le maïs (Zea mays)." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27714.
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L’utilisation du glyphosate dans le maïs (Zea mays) ensemencé avec du ray-grass italien (Lolium multiflorum) en culture intercalaire est une pratique usuelle pour maîtriser les mauvaises herbes avant le semis du ray-grass. Il est pour le moment le seul herbicide sécuritaire pour l’implantation du ray-grass intercalaire, mais nuit aux bonnes pratiques de gestion des herbicides. Des essais aux champs ont été mis place en 2014 et 2015 pour évaluer la tolérance du ray-grass italien à divers herbicides résiduels dans le maïs. Selon les résultats obtenus, les herbicides résiduels qui se comparent à un traitement de glyphosate et à un désherbage à la main sont majoritairement des traitements de postlevée. Le traitement dicamba + glyphosate est le plus sécuritaire parmi les herbicides résiduels évalués, et ce, pour les deux années. Les traitements les moins prometteurs sont les herbicides résiduels dont la matière active est le s-métolachlore ou le pyroxasulfone. Suite à une analyse de chacun des traitements en fonction de leur spectre d’action, mode d’action et d’absorption, les traitements contre les dicotylédones sont les plus compatibles avec une culture intercalaire de ray-grass.<br>The use of glyphosate for interseeding with Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) in corn (Zea mays) is a common practice to control weeds before planting ryegrass. It is currently the only safe herbicide for ryegrass interseeding, but harmed good management practices herbicides. Fields studies were conducted in 2014 and 2015 to determine the tolerance of Italian ryegrass at different residual herbicides in corn. According to the results, residual herbicides that are comparable to a glyphosate treatment and a hand weeding are mostly post-emergent treatments. Treatment dicamba + glyphosate is the best residual herbicides for two consecutive years. The least promising treatments are residual herbicides with s-metolachlor or pyroxasulfone as active ingredient. After an analysis of each treatment for their spectrum of control, mode of action and absorption, treatments against broadleaf weeds seem to be the most compatible with interseeding ryegrass in corn.
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Wilmoth, Gabriel C. "Tocopherol (vitamin E) content in invasive browse species on underutilized Appalachian farmland." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/10071.
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The tocopherol (Vitamin E) content of forage from three invasive shrub species was measured to assess the value of the shrubs as a source of vitamin E for goats browsing on overgrown Appalachian pastures. Plant leaf clusters were collected from multiflora rose (Rosa multiflora Thunb.), autumn olive (Elaeagnus umbellata Thunb.), and Morrow's honeysuckle (Lonicera morowii Gray) in replicated plots at a site in southern West Virginia during the 1999 growing season. Alpha-, beta-, gamma-, and delta-tocopherol were extracted with hexane, separated by high performance liquid chromatography on a normal-phase diol column, and quantified. Significant differences (P<0.001) in concentration were found among species for all forms of tocopherol. Alpha-tocopherol predominated, accounting for more than 90% of the total tocopherols in all three species. Alpha-tocopherol levels increased in all species with maturity; however, the magnitude of the increase was not the same in all species. At the end of the growing season, autumn olive had the highest levels of alpha-tocopherol (1270 ± 55 ppm dry matter [DM]), followed by Morrow's honeysuckle (840 ± 55 ppm DM), and multiflora rose (610 ± 55 ppm DM). Goats grazing on mature browse may obtain adequate intake of vitamin E. High nutritive value and/or low concentrations of antiquality factors may not coincide with the high levels of vitamin E found in mature tissue, and the actual vitamin E intake will depend on the feeding behavior of the goat.<br>Master of Science
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Kotsovinos, Panagiotis. "Analysis of the structural response of tall buildings under multifloor and travelling fires." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/8007.
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The last decades have seen a surge in the construction of tall buildings all over the world. Due to their, often, innovative and complex layouts, tall buildings can pose unique challenges to architects and engineers. Previous tall building failures raised significant concerns on the applicability of prescriptive fire design for these structures. The use of structural fire engineering can enhance the safety of a tall building under fire by strengthening any vulnerable areas in the structure and at the same time reduce the costs of fire protection by removing it when unnecessary. Commercial finite element and specialist structural fire engineering software have their advantages and disadvantages. In this thesis, the object-oriented and open-source finite element software OpenSees is presented along with its development with structural fire capabilities by the author and other researchers at the University of Edinburgh. Specifically, new pattern, element, section and material classes have been introduced. All the developed code follows the object-oriented paradigm and is consistent with the ethos of the existing framework. Verification and validation studies of the developed code are also presented. Several procedures including that for dynamic analysis of structures in fire for the collapse assessment of structures are discussed. The development of OpenSees with structural fire capabilities allows the collaboration of engineers across geographical boundaries and disciplines using a community tool. In this work, the behaviour of tall buildings under different fire scenarios has been modelled using the developed OpenSees code. Firstly, the collapse mechanisms of generic tall buildings are investigated, namely the strong and weak floor mechanisms are demonstrated, and criteria are established on when each of these mechanisms occurs. The parametric study performed demonstrated that the weak floor collapse is less probable for generic composite buildings however this type of failure can become easier to appear as the number of floors in fire increase. The effect of vertically travelling fires on these mechanisms is also examined. The results of the study show that slower travelling rates delay or avoid the global failure of a tall building compared to quicker travelling rates allowing for the time required for steel members to regain their strength during cooling to ambient temperature. However, it was seen that higher tensile membrane forces were observed in the floors as the travelling rates increased which could result in possible connection failure. Most of the research and design codes, such as Eurocode, typically assume a uniform thermal environment across the floor area of a structure when defining the design fire. However, in reality fires are more likely to travel in large enclosures, hence there is a need to understand how tall buildings behave under more realistic fire conditions such as travelling fires. A methodology for defining the thermal environment of large enclosures using travelling fires has been recently developed at the University of Edinburgh. Taking into account OpenSees' programmable architecture and its recent inclusion with heat transfer capabilities by other researchers, there was a collaborative effort in order to understand the thermal and structural response of a generic composite tall building under horizontally travelling fires. The findings of the study showed that larger travelling fire sizes produce quicker heating to the steel beams while smaller fire sizes produce higher peak temperatures in the concrete slab. The structural analysis also demonstrated that travelling fires produced higher midspan deflections in comparison to Eurocode parametric fires and higher plastic deformations which is an indication of higher damage. Further work focused on looking at the behaviour of tall buildings under the combined scenario of horizontally and vertically travelling fires. The results of the study showed that the travelling fires produce lower maximum compressive and tensile membrane forces in the composite floor compared to the Eurocode parametric fires for the building examined and thus in a multi-floor scenario the columns are pulling-in less after large deflections develop in the floor. More specifically, the short-hot fire produced the most demanding response. This suggests that in long floors where uniform heating is really impossible, the time of failure predicted by parametric fires in a multi-floor scenario can be more onerous. The outcomes of this work can aid designers when considering the structural fire response of tall buildings in a performance based design context. It was demonstrated that multi-floor fires could be a threat for tall buildings, and thus this possibility should be considered in design. The use of more realistic fire definition for large enclosures, such as travelling fires, should also be considered. The travelling fire methodology can provide an enhanced level of confidence for the safety of a building since it can represent a range of similar fires to those that may occur in a real fire scenario.
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Rivano, Hervé. "Algorithmique et télécommunications : Coloration et multiflot approchés et applications aux réseaux d'infrastructure." Phd thesis, Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00169842.
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Cette thèse s'intéresse aux problématiques fondamentales d'optimisation combinatoire qui se dégagent de la modélisation structurelle et algorithmique du dimensionnement des réseaux d'infrastructure de télécommunication. L'optimisation de ces réseaux est essentielle aux opérateurs de télécommunication, qui demandent la garantie d'une exploitation efficace des ressources déployées.<br /><br />Nous donnons une nouvelle modélisation des réseaux optiques WDM multifibres. En considérant un routage agrégé au niveau des câbles, nous optons pour une nouvelle lecture des contraintes d'affectation de longueurs d'onde fondée sur des conflits de groupe.<br /><br />Nous étudions aussi le problème de coloration de chemins, issu de l'affectation de longueurs d'onde dans les réseaux optiques monofibres. Nous développons, pour la relaxation linéaire de ce problème, un algorithme polynomial efficace dans les arbres de degré borné, puis, par extension, dans les graphes de largeur arborescente bornée. Nous majorons le coût d'une telle coloration dans les arbres binaires et donnons une (1+5/(3e)+o(1))-approximation aléatoire pour la coloration entière dans les arbres de degré borné, ce qui améliore le meilleur algorithme connu pour ce cas.<br /><br />Nous présentons enfin des avancées algorithmiques pour les problèmes de multiflot entier et fractionnaire. Nous donnons un algorithme d'arrondi aléatoire incrémental pour l'approximation du multiflot entier. Motivés par le besoin d'un calcul rapide de multiflot fractionnaire pour l'algorithme précédent, nous nous intéressons aux approximations combinatoires de ce problème. En employant des techniques de calcul dynamique des plus courts chemins, nous améliorons l'un des meilleurs algorithme de la littérature.<br />Webstats4U - Free web site statistics
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Rezig, Wafa. "Problèmes de multiflots : état de l'art et approche par décomposition décentralisée du biflot entier de coût minimum." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1995. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00346082.
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Nous considèrerons ici les modèles linéaires de multiflots, en mettant l'accent sur leurs multiples applications, notamment dans les domaines de l'ordonnancement et de la gestion de production. Il est bien connu que ces problèmes, présentés sous forme de programmes linéaires, sont difficiles à résoudre, contrairement à leurs homologues en flot simple. Les méthodes de résolution classiques proposent, déjà dans le cas continu, des solutions approchées. On distingue: les méthodes de décomposition par les prix, par les ressources, ainsi que les techniques de partitionnement. Si l'on rajoute la contrainte d'intégralité sur les flots, ces problèmes deviennent extrêmement difficiles. Nous nous sommes intéressés à un cas particulier des problèmes de multiflots, à savoir: le biflot entier de coût minimum. Nous avons développé une approche de résolution heuristique basée sur un principe de décomposition mixte, opérant itérativement, à la fois par une allocation de ressources et par un ajustement des coûts. L'implémentation de cette approche met en évidence des résultats prometteurs, obtenus sur des problèmes de biflot purs, générés aléatoirement. Nous avons donc envisagé une deuxième application sur des problèmes de biflot plus structurés. Ces problèmes de biflot ont été proposés pour la modélisation du problème de voyageur de commerce. Cette application débouche d'une part, sur l'utilisation d'un algorithme de recherche d'un circuit hamiltonien dans un graphe, et d'autre part, sur le développement de techniques heuristiques pour la construction de tournées intéressantes
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Rezig, Wafa. "Problèmes de multiflots état de l'art et approche par décomposition décentralisée du biflot entier de coût minimum /." S.l. : Université Grenoble 1, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00346082.
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Arthur, Hanson. "Bioactivity and microbial content of Lippia multiflora leaves, a herbal tea from Ghana." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/2232.
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Thesis (Msc Food Sc (Food Science))--University of Stellenbosch, 2009.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The consumption of herbal teas is an increasing phenomenon among tea consumers globally. However, herbal teas that are not pre-treated to reduce their microbial load are a health risk to consumers, in spite of their potential health-promoting properties. The aim of this study was to develop a steam pasteurisation treatment to reduce the microbial load on Lippia multiflora Moldenke (Verbanaceae) tea leaves, a herbal tea from Ghana, identify the bacteria present, and to evaluate the effect of the steam treatment on the bioactive constituent of the leaves.
An HPLC method was developed and optimised for the identification and quantification of verbascoside, the major antioxidant compound of L. multiflora herbal infusion. Liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was used to confirm the presence of the compound in the infusion. Ascorbic acid was used as a stabilising agent during the quantification process to prevent the degradation of verbascoside. The hot water infusion of L. multiflora was compared to those of Aspalathus linearis (rooibos) and Cyclopia spp. (honeybush) on the basis of their soluble solids and total polyphenol contents, as well as on their antioxidant activities.
In addition to verbascoside, another compound with the same parent and fragment ions as verbascoside was present in the infusion. A 100 ml infusion of L. multiflora had significantly (P < 0.05) higher soluble solids and total polyphenol contents, and antioxidant activities than those of rooibos and honeybush. The rooibos infusion showed significantly (P < 0.05) higher soluble solids and total polyphenol contents as well as antioxidant activities than honeybush. On the basis of soluble solids, rooibos showed a significantly (P < 0.05) higher total polyphenol content and a lower ferric-reducing activity than L. multiflora. Both teas, however, did not differ significantly with respect to the DPPH antioxidant activity.
The effect of steam pasteurisation on the microbial load of L. multiflora herbal tea leaves was evaluated. Five samples of the tea were steam pasteurised at 99.8°C for 2.5 min and five samples were unpasteurised. Microbial enumeration was conducted in duplicate on potato dextrose agar (PDA), plate count agar (PCA), violet red bile agar (VRBA), yeast peptone dextrose agar (YPDA), and de Man Rogosa Sharpe agar (MRS). Morphologically distinct colonies were isolated, sub-cultured and their Gram reaction recorded. These bacteria were identified to the species level using 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) sequence data.
Most of the bacteria identified belonged to the genus Bacillus. One species each from the genera Pantoea and Kocuria were also identified, but only the Bacillus species survived the steam treatment. Coliform bacteria detected prior to pasteurisation were not detected after steam treatment. Steam pasteurisation reduced the microbial load from 104 to 102 cfu.g-1. The effects of the steam pasteurisation on the soluble solid, total polyphenol, and the active compound contents of L. multiflora, as well as the antioxidant activities were studied. Pasteurisation did not significantly (P > 0.05) change the soluble solids, total polyphenol and active compound contents, or the antioxidant activity.
Steam pasteurisation is potentially an effective method to treat L. multiflora herbal teas prior to consumption. However, the steam treatment should complement good agricultural and hygienic practices rather than replace them as some bacteria can survive this treatment. The identification and quantification of verbascoside in L. multiflora infusion, as well as the relatively higher antioxidant contents compared to rooibos and honeybush should provide the basis for future studies on the therapeutic application of this herbal tea. Also, verbascoside could potentially form the basis for future quality control of L. multiflora.<br>AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Daar is 'n wêreldwye toename in die verbruik van kruietee. Kruietee wat egter nie vooraf-behandelings ontvang om die mikrobiese lading te verlaag nie kan, ten spyte van moontlike gesondheidsvoordele, ook 'n potensiële gesondheidsrisiko vir verbruikers inhou. Die doel van hierdie studie was om 'n stoompasteurisasie-behandeling te ontwikkel wat die mikrobiese lading op Lippia multiflora teeblare, 'n kruietee van Ghana, te verlaag. Verder is die teenwoordige bakterieë geïdentifiseer en die effek van 'n stoombehandeling op die bio-aktiewe komponente in die teeblare is ook geëvalueer.
'n Hoë-druk vloeistof-chromatografie metode is ontwikkel en ge-optimiseer vir die identifikasie en kwantifisering van verbaskosied, 'n hoof antioksidant komponent in L. multiflora kruie aftreksels. Vloeistof chromatografie, gekoppel aan in-lyn massa spektroskopie is ook gebruik om die teenwoordigheid van die komponent in die aftreksel te bevestig. Tydens die kwantifiseringsproses is askorbiensuur as 'n stabiliseringsagent gebruik om die degradasie van verbaskosied te voorkom. Die warm water aftreksel van L. multiflora is vergelyk met die van Aspalathus linearis (rooibos) en Cyclopia spp. (heuningbos) in terme van hul opgeloste vastestof- en totale polifenol inhoude, asook hul antioksidant aktiwiteite.
'n Ander komponent buiten verbaskosied, maar met dieselfde ouer en fragment ione, was ook in die aftreksel teenwoordig. 'n 100 ml L. multiflora aftreksel het beduidend (P < 0.05) meer opgeloste vastestowwe, totale polifenole en antioksidant aktiwiteit getoon as rooibos en heuningbos. Rooibos het weer beduidend (P < 0.05) meer opgeloste vastestowwe, totale polifenole, en antioksidant aktiwiteit as heuningbos. In terme van opgeloste vastestowwe het rooibos 'n beduidende (P < 0.05) hoër totale polifenol inhoud en laer ferriet-reduserende aktiwiteit as L. multiflora. Beide tee het egter nie beduidend verskil ten opsigte van hul antioksidant aktiwiteit nie.
Die effek van stoompasteurisasie op die mikrobiese lading van L. multiflora kruieteeblare is geëvalueer. Vyf teemonsters is gestoompasteuriseer by 99.8°C vir 2.5 min en 5 verdere monsters is nie gepasteuriseer nie. Mikrobe-tellings is in Mikrobe-tellings is in
v
duplikaat op potato dextrose agar (PDA), plate count agar (PCA), violet red bile agar (VRBA), yeast peptone dextrose agar (YPDA), en de Man Rogosa Sharpe agar (MRS) gedoen. Morfologies onderskeibare kolonies is geïsoleer, her-gekweek en hul Gram status genotuleer. Hierdie bakterieë is daarna tot op spesie-vlak geïdentifiseer deur 16S ribosomale DNS (rDNS) volgorde bepalings.
Die meerderheid van die geïdentifiseerde bakterieë behoort tot die genus Bacillus en een spesie elk van die genera Pantoea en Kocuria is ook geïdentifiseer. Slegs Bacillus spesies het egter die stoompasteurisasie behandeling oorleef. Kolivorme bakterieë wat voor pasteurisasie waargeneem is was afwesig na die stoom behandeling. Stoompasteurisasie het ook die mikrobiese lading van 104 na 102 kve.g-1 verminder. Die effek van stoompasteurisasie op die opgeloste vastestowwe, totale polifenole en die aktiewe-komponent inhoud van L. multiflora, asook die antioksidant aktiwiteit is bestudeer. Pasteurisasie het die opgeloste vastestowwe, totale polifenole, aktiewe komponente en die antioksidant aktiwiteit nie-beduidend (P > 0.05) verander.
Stoompasteurisasie kan potensieël 'n effektiewe metode wees vir die behandeling van L. multiflora kruietee voor verbruik. Die stoombehandeling moet egter saam met goeie landbou- en higiëniese praktyke gebruik word eerder as om dit te vervang aangesien sommige bakterieë hierdie stoombehandeling kan oorleef. Die identifikasie en kwantifisering van verbaskosied in L. multiflora aftreksels, asook die hoër antioksidant inhoud vergeleke met rooibos en heuningbos verskaf moontlikhede vir verder navorsing in die terapeutiese aanwending van hierdie kruietee. Verbaskosied kan ook moontlik die basis vorm vir toekomstige kwaliteitskontrole van L. multiflora.
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Ferreira, Eduardo Antonio. "Efeito hipolipemiante e hepatoprotetor da 2',4',6' - trihidroxiacetofenona isolada de Myrcia multiflora." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFSC, 2012. http://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/94430.
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Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmácia, Florianópolis, 2010<br>Made available in DSpace on 2012-10-25T09:58:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
285377.pdf: 6748138 bytes, checksum: 00adbe9250989c4696889a54db177448 (MD5)<br>A Myrcia multiflora, popularmente conhecida como "pedra-ume-caá" ou "planta insulina", é utilizada na medicina popular sul-americana no tratamento de diabetes, diarreia, enterite, hemorragia e aftas. Dentre os compostos biologicamente ativos isolados desta planta, destaca-se a mirciafenona A, uma acetofenona glicosilada (2-O- -D-glicopiranosil-2',4',6'-trihidroxiacetofenona), que apresenta três hidroxilas em sua estrutura básica, quando aglicosilado (2',4',6'-trihidroxiacetofenona - THA). O presente trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar in vivo a possível atividade antiobesidade, hipolipemiante e hepatoprotetora da THA. Os efeitos antiobesidade e hipolipemiante da THA foram avaliados in vivo em um ensaio agudo (induzida pela administração de Triton WR-1339) e um ensaio crônico (induzida pela dieta hipercalórica). Além disso, avaliamos a relação da THA com absorção intestinal de triglicerídeos (TG), bem como a inibição da atividade das lipases gastrointestinais. A atividade hepatoprotetora da THA foi avaliada pelo modelo de hepatotoxicidade induzida pelo CCl4, verificando seu efeito sobre a concentração sérica dos biomarcadores de danos hepáticos (aspartato aminotransferase (AST), alanina aminotransferase (ALT) e lactato desidrogenase (LDH)), indicadores de estresse oxidativo e aspecto histológico da lesão hepática. Os resultados mostraram que a THA causou uma redução significativa nos níveis de colesterol total (CT) (37%) e TG (46%) sendo tão efetivo quanto à Lovastatina (32 e 1%) ou Orlistate (26 e 34%). No ensaio crônico com dieta hipercalórica, a THA reduziu os níveis séricos de CT e TG (32 e 61%), enquanto a Lovastatina diminuiu em 35 e 49%, respectivamente. Em relação ao ganho de peso, a THA causou uma redução semelhante ao Orlistate (40 e 38%, respectivamente) mostrando também uma contínua atividade inibitória das lipases gastrointestinais associada a uma redução significativa dos níveis séricos de triglicérides. A atividade antioxidante da THA foi avaliada in vitro em comparação com Silimarina (SIL), um conhecido agente hepatoprotetor. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que a THA e a SIL foram capazes de estabilizar o radical DPPH e de capturar os radicais ânion superóxido (O2"-) e hidroxil ("OH). Os ensaios in vivo mostraram que o pré-tratamento com a THA ou SIL preveniram significativamente (p<0,01) a elevação da atividade das enzimas AST, ALT e LDH. Prevenindo também o aumento dos níveis de lipoperoxidação da membrana plasmática induzida pela administração do CCl4, restabelecendo o funcionamento mitocondrial e sua permeabilidade em 49,5 e 47,7%, respectivamente. Também é importante notar que o conteúdo de proteína carbonilada e o dano oxidativo ao DNA foram significativamente diminuídos nos camundongos pré-tratados com a THA ou SIL, demonstrando também uma eficácia em prevenir a depleção de GSH, bem como na normalização das atividades enzimáticas antioxidantes (SOD, CAT e GPx). Em conclusão, a THA apresentou uma atividade antiobesidade e um efeito hipolipemiante misto, devido à sua capacidade de impedir a elevação do peso corporal dos animais submetidos a uma dieta rica em gordura e também pela redução dos níveis de colesterol e triglicerídeos, possivelmente pelo bloqueio da absorção de triglicerídeos, devido ao seu efeito inibidor sobre a atividade das lipases gastrointestinais. Exibindo também um efeito hepatoprotetor in vivo, protegendo os danos causados pelo CCl4, provavelmente resultante do seu potencial antioxidante.
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Fournerie, Laurent. "Compilation et exécution multiflot de programmes fonctionnels parallèles sur calculateurs à mémoires distribuées." Toulouse, ENSAE, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999ESAE0009.
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L'objectif de cette thèse est de proposer un environnement de programmation efficace et portable pour l'exécution parallèle de programmes fonctionnels paresseux. Ce travail s'inscrit dans une démarche qui vise à montrer l'intérêt et la validité de la programmation fonctionnelle paresseuse pour une meilleure exploitation des calculateurs parallèles sur des applications réelles. Outre leurs qualités importantes pour la programmation comme leur puissance d'expression, les langages fonctionnels possèdent en effet des propriétés intéressantes pour le calcul parallèle : l'unicité du résultat quel que soit le nombre de processus mis en jeu, par exemple, est une caractéristique fondamentale. Dans ce travail, nous avons défini un schéma de compilation vers un code intermédiaire dont la particularité est de concilier l'efficacité séquentielle avec les contraintes d'un environnement parallèle, puis un modèle d'exécution pour un environnement distribué qui repose sur une gestion multiflot du calcul capable de recouvrir la latence du réseau de communication. Les travaux présentés dans ce document ont donné lieu à la réalisation du système MaRS, composé d'un compilateur, d'un micro-noyau et d'un débogueur séquentiel. Un programme MaRS est destiné à être exécuté indifféremment sur des systèmes mono-processeurs ou multi-processeurs. Les tâches parallèles sont explicitement désignées en utilisant une simple annotation, mais la gestion du parallélisme est totalement transparente pour le programmeur, comme par exemple la gestion des données, la distribution des tâches ou la gestion dynamique des flots de calcul. Ainsi, le même programme, une fois compilé pour une plate-forme, peut s'exécuter indifféremment sur des partitions ayant un nombre de noeuds différents. Actuellement opérationnel sur plusieurs plate-formes, le système a permis le développement d'applications conséquentes et a montré sa capacité à réutiliser des codes existants tout en fournissant de réels gains d'efficacité.
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Soares, Eduardo Calixto. "Interação formiga-planta: impacto da variação na oferta de néctar extrafloral sobre o forrageamento de formigas." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/59/59131/tde-15092015-223749/.
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As plantas, produtores da base das cadeias tróficas, apresentam diversos tipos de defesas contra a ação de consumidores, os herbívoros, podendo ser defesas físicas, químicas e bióticas. Nas defesas bióticas, plantas fornecem recursos alimentares (e.g. néctar extrafloral) e/ou moradia para predadores que em troca podem fornecer proteção contra herbívoros. Assim, a partir de comportamentos agressivos e/ou de patrulha, formigas são consideradas os principais protetores de plantas. Nessa perspectiva, a presente dissertação buscou investigar a influência que o néctar extrafloral tem sob a interação formiga-planta em uma área de Cerrado. O estudo foi realizado na Reserva Ecológica do Clube Caça e Pesca Itororó de Uberlândia, no município de Uberlândia, MG, em uma área com fitofisionomia de cerrado sentido restrito. A espécie de planta utilizada neste estudo foi Qualea multiflora (Vochysiaceae), uma das espécies mais abundantes do Cerrado, a qual apresenta nectários extraflorais (NEFs) na base do pecíolo foliar e nas inflorescências. Nossas hipóteses principais foram: a) que formigas visitantes dos NEFs de Q. multiflora impactam positivamente a planta, reduzindo a ação de herbívoros; b) que essas interações formigas-plantas são modificadas ao longo do desenvolvimento fenológico das folhas das plantas; c) que diferentes níveis de herbivoria nas plantas produzem também diferentes reações nas formigas visitantes; e d) que diferentes estruturas das plantas apresentam diferentes níveis de defesas. Os resultados demonstrados no Capítulo 1 comprovam que a herbivoria foliar em Q. multiflora foi baixa e similar nos diferentes estágios de desenvolvimento da folha, mostrando que as defesas expressas pela planta são eficientes. Das três defesas foliares avaliadas durante o desenvolvimento foliar, observou-se que a densidade de tricomas apresenta pico de efetividade no início do desenvolvimento, a defesa biótica (produtividade dos NEFs) apresenta pico de efetividade no período intermediário do desenvolvimento, e a dureza foliar apresenta pico de efetividade no período em que a folha já está adulta. Esses resultados comprovam a eficiência da variação temporal nas defesas foliares de Q. multiflora, o que interfere diretamente na interação formiga-planta. No Capítulo 2, foi mostrado que NEFs localizados em inflorescências produzem néctar mais volumoso e energético que atrai maior quantidade de formigas comparado ao néctar produzido pelos NEFs foliares. A produtividade e a atratividade dos NEFs, assim como o forrageamento de formigas, também foram afetados por variações na herbivoria (simulada experimentalmente). Esses resultados demonstram que Q. multiflora sincroniza suas defesas foliares ao longo do tempo garantindo a proteção contra herbívoros e que essas defesas (como evidenciado para defesa biótica) podem ser alteradas de acordo com o valor e probabilidade de ataque de suas estruturas.<br>Plants, producers of food chains, have different types of defenses against action of consumers, herbivores, which can be physical, chemical and biotic defenses. In biotic defenses, plants provide food resources (e.g. extrafloral nectar) and/or shelter for predators, which in turn may provide protection against herbivores. Thus, from patrol and/or aggressive behavior, ants are considered main plants protectors. From this perspective, the present work aimed to investigate the influence that extrafloral nectar has under ant-plant interaction in an area of Cerrado. The study was conducted in Reserva Ecológica do Clube Caça e Pesca Itororó de Uberlândia, in Uberlândia, MG, in an area with cerrado stricto sensu vegetation. The plant species used was Qualea multiflora (Vochysiaceae), one of the most abundant species of Cerrado, which has extrafloral nectaries (EFNs) at the base of leaf petiole and in inflorescences. Our main assumptions were: a) EFNs visitors ants of Q. multiflora positively impact the plant reducing the herbivore action; b) these ants-plants interactions are modified along the phenological development of plant leaves; c) different herbivory levels in plants produce different reactions in visitors ants; and d) different plant structures have different defenses levels. Results presented in Chapter 1 show that foliar herbivore in Q. multiflora was low and similar to different stages of leaf development, showing that expressed plant defenses are effective. Of the three foliar defenses evaluated during leaf development, it was observed that density of trichomes presents effectiveness peak in early development, biotic defense (EFNs productivity) in intermediated period of development and leaf toughness in the period in which the leaf is adult. These results show the efficacy of temporal variation in foliar defenses in Q. multiflora, which directly affects ant-plant interaction. In Chapter 2, it was shown that EFNs located in inflorescences produce nectar more quantitative and qualitative, which attract large amount of ants, than EFNs located in leaves. EFNs productivity and attractiveness, as well as ants foraging, were also influenced by herbivory variation (experimentally simulated). These results show that Q. multiflora synchronizes its leaf defenses over time ensuring protection against herbivores and that these defenses (as evidenced for biotic defense) can be changed according to value and attack probability of their structures.
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Carli, Camila Bernardes de Andrade [UNESP]. "Atividade antiinflamatória e antitumoral da fração terpenoídica e de -sitosterol obtidos de qualea multiflora." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/93606.
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000740236.pdf: 769429 bytes, checksum: af346b934aac5152c83dc4ed9c1f7d89 (MD5)<br>Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)<br>Os produtos naturais, incluindo aqueles derivados de plantas superiores, têm contribuído para o desenvolvimento da terapêutica moderna. Atualmente existe um interesse renovado na investigação de plantas medicinais como alternativa ao tratamento de doenças como câncer e inflamações crônicas. Qualea multiflora Mart (Q. multiflora) família Vochysiacea é uma planta utilizada na medicina popular no tratamento de úlceras, gastrites, amebíase, diarréia com sangue, cólicas intestinais e inflamações. O sistema imunológico é um notável sistema de defesa que evoluiu nos vertebrados para protegê-los de agentes agressores. Neste sistema, os macrófagos têm um papel central, pois são células capazes de secretar mais de cem produtos biologicamente ativos, entre esses, espécies reativas de nitrogênio e citocinas que atuam no contexto da resposta imunológica e/ou inflamatória. Neste trabalho, foram avaliadas as atividades antiinflamatória e antitumoral de uma fração terpenoídica e da substância b- sitosterol, isoladas a partir da planta Q. multiflora. Experimentos in vitro foram realizados para determinar as atividades destes componentes no sistema imune através de ensaios de determinação de citotoxicidade (MTT), óxido nítrico (NO), determinação do fator de transcrição NF-kB, das citocinas IL-1, IL-6, IL-12, TNF- e IL-10. Além disto, também foram realizados testes com o objetivo de avaliar a atividade antitumoral dos compostos testados frente às linhagens tumorais murinas LM3 e LP07. Os resultados mostraram intensa inibição da produção de NO e das citocinas IL-1, IL-12 e TNF- ; moderada inibição do fator de transcrição NF-kB pelos macrófagos peritoneais estimulados com a fração terpenoídica e com b-sitosterol. Por outro lado, não houve inibição da produção de IL-6. De maneira contrária às outras citocinas testadas, houve uma grande estimulação da produção da citocina pró-inflamatória IL-10,...<br>Natural products, including those derived from upper plants, have contributed to a large extent for the development of modern therapeutics. Lately, there is a renewed interest in the investigation of medicinal plants as an alternative for the treatment of diseases such as cancer and chronical inflammations. Qualea multiflora Mart (Vochysiacea) is a plant used in popular medicine for the treatment of ulcers, grastritis, amoebiesis, diarrhea with blood, intestinal colics and inflammations. The immune system is a remarkable defense mechanism that evolved in the vertebrate animals to protect them against pathogenic micro-organisms and cancer, among other functions. In this system, macrophages have a central role, since they are capable of secreting more than 100 biologically active products, among which, nitrogen reactive intermediaries and cytokines which act in the context of the immune and/or antiinflammatory response. In this work, it was evaluated the anti-inflammatory and anti-tumoral activities of a terpenoidic fraction and of the b-sitosterol substance, obtained from Q. multiflora. In vitro experiments were performed in order to determine the activities of those samples upon the immune system through assays for the determination of cytotoxicity (MTT), nitric oxide (NO), transcription factor NF-kB, and cytokines IL-1, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12 and TNF- . Furthermore, tests were also performed with tumoral lineages LM3 and LP07, in order to evaluate the antitumoral activites of those samples. The results evidenced intense inhibition of the production of NO and IL-1, IL-12 e TNF- ; moderate inhibition of transcripition factor NF-kB by the peritoneal murine macrophages when stimulated with the terpenoidic fraction and with the b-sitosterol substance. On the other hand, it was not inhibition of the IL-6 production. Inversely, there was a great stimulation of the production of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10, a desirable effect in anti- ...
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Carli, Camila Bernardes de Andrade. "Atividade antiinflamatória e antitumoral da fração terpenoídica e de -sitosterol obtidos de qualea multiflora /." Araraquara, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/93606.
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Orientador: Iracilda Zeppone Carlos<br>Banca: Clelia Akiko Hiruma Lima<br>Banca: Rosemeire Cristina Linhares Rodrigues Pietro<br>Resumo: Os produtos naturais, incluindo aqueles derivados de plantas superiores, têm contribuído para o desenvolvimento da terapêutica moderna. Atualmente existe um interesse renovado na investigação de plantas medicinais como alternativa ao tratamento de doenças como câncer e inflamações crônicas. Qualea multiflora Mart (Q. multiflora) família Vochysiacea é uma planta utilizada na medicina popular no tratamento de úlceras, gastrites, amebíase, diarréia com sangue, cólicas intestinais e inflamações. O sistema imunológico é um notável sistema de defesa que evoluiu nos vertebrados para protegê-los de agentes agressores. Neste sistema, os macrófagos têm um papel central, pois são células capazes de secretar mais de cem produtos biologicamente ativos, entre esses, espécies reativas de nitrogênio e citocinas que atuam no contexto da resposta imunológica e/ou inflamatória. Neste trabalho, foram avaliadas as atividades antiinflamatória e antitumoral de uma fração terpenoídica e da substância b- sitosterol, isoladas a partir da planta Q. multiflora. Experimentos in vitro foram realizados para determinar as atividades destes componentes no sistema imune através de ensaios de determinação de citotoxicidade (MTT), óxido nítrico (NO), determinação do fator de transcrição NF-kB, das citocinas IL-1, IL-6, IL-12, TNF- e IL-10. Além disto, também foram realizados testes com o objetivo de avaliar a atividade antitumoral dos compostos testados frente às linhagens tumorais murinas LM3 e LP07. Os resultados mostraram intensa inibição da produção de NO e das citocinas IL-1, IL-12 e TNF- ; moderada inibição do fator de transcrição NF-kB pelos macrófagos peritoneais estimulados com a fração terpenoídica e com b-sitosterol. Por outro lado, não houve inibição da produção de IL-6. De maneira contrária às outras citocinas testadas, houve uma grande estimulação da produção da citocina pró-inflamatória IL-10, ...<br>Abstract: Natural products, including those derived from upper plants, have contributed to a large extent for the development of modern therapeutics. Lately, there is a renewed interest in the investigation of medicinal plants as an alternative for the treatment of diseases such as cancer and chronical inflammations. Qualea multiflora Mart (Vochysiacea) is a plant used in popular medicine for the treatment of ulcers, grastritis, amoebiesis, diarrhea with blood, intestinal colics and inflammations. The immune system is a remarkable defense mechanism that evolved in the vertebrate animals to protect them against pathogenic micro-organisms and cancer, among other functions. In this system, macrophages have a central role, since they are capable of secreting more than 100 biologically active products, among which, nitrogen reactive intermediaries and cytokines which act in the context of the immune and/or antiinflammatory response. In this work, it was evaluated the anti-inflammatory and anti-tumoral activities of a terpenoidic fraction and of the b-sitosterol substance, obtained from Q. multiflora. In vitro experiments were performed in order to determine the activities of those samples upon the immune system through assays for the determination of cytotoxicity (MTT), nitric oxide (NO), transcription factor NF-kB, and cytokines IL-1, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12 and TNF- . Furthermore, tests were also performed with tumoral lineages LM3 and LP07, in order to evaluate the antitumoral activites of those samples. The results evidenced intense inhibition of the production of NO and IL-1, IL-12 e TNF- ; moderate inhibition of transcripition factor NF-kB by the peritoneal murine macrophages when stimulated with the terpenoidic fraction and with the b-sitosterol substance. On the other hand, it was not inhibition of the IL-6 production. Inversely, there was a great stimulation of the production of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10, a desirable effect in anti- ...<br>Mestre
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Lopes, Leandra Gobira. "Estudo químico de Pavonia multiflora A. St-Hil. (Malvaceae), planta endêmica do Espírito Santo." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFES, 2014. http://repositorio.ufes.br/handle/10/1613.
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Estudo Químico de Pavonia multiflora A. St-Hil..pdf: 1574613 bytes, checksum: 0a457043026e9a78a99a76ca8854da51 (MD5)
Previous issue date: 2014<br>CAPES<br>Este trabalho descreve o estudo químico das folhas da espécie Pavonia
multiflora, visando o isolamento e a identificação de seus metabólitos secundários
que possam ser direcionados à busca por atividade biológica. A espécie de estudo é
endêmica do Estado do Espírito Santo, e é encontrada na região de Mata Atlântica.
Essa espécie ainda não possui registros de estudos fitofarmacológicos na
comunidade científica. Portanto, neste trabalho, as partições hexano e acetato de
etila, provenientes do extrato etanólico das folhas de P. multiflora, foram submetidos
a diversas metodologias cromatográficas, com objetivo no isolamento dos seus
constituintes químicos. Tais métodos cromatográficos incluíram Cromatografia em
Camada Delgada Comparativa, Cromatografia Líquida em Coluna, Cromatografia
em Camada Delgada Preparativa, Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Eficiência e
Cromatografia Líquida à Vácuo, as quais tiveram diversificadas fases estacionárias e
eluentes. Através de técnicas espectroscópicas e espectrométricas, foram
identificadas pela primeira vez nessa espécie, dez substâncias, sendo quatro
compostos fenólicos: ácido p-hidroxibenzoico, ácido p-cumárico, ácido vanílico e
ácido ferúlico; cinco derivados terpênicos: loliolida, vomifoliol, 4,5 dihidroblumenol A,
3-oxo-α-ionol e o blumenol C; e um triterpenoide esterificado derivado do taraxerol, o
p-metoxibenzoato de taraxerol, ainda não descrito na literatura. O extrato total das
folhas foi ensaiado em diferentes concentrações como inibidor das catepsinas K, L e
V, o qual apresentou atividade inibitória da catepsina K e V com concentração de
500 μg/mL.<br>This paper describes the chemical study of Pavonia multiflora leaves. The
study targeted the isolation and identification of the species’ secondary metabolites,
which can be used to search for biological activity. P. multiflora is endemic of the
state of Espírito Santo and is found in the Atlantic Forest region. This species has not
yet been recorded in phytopharmacologics studies in the scientific community.
Therefore, in this work, the ethanolic extract, from the leaves of the P. multiflora, was
partitioned to the partitions of hexane and of ethyl acetate. Such partitions were
subjected to various chromatographic methodologies, including a thin layer
chromatography , an in column liquid chromatography, preparative thin layer
chromatography, vacuum liquid chromatography, and a high-performance liquid
chromatography using diverse stationary phases and eluents, to isolate the chemical
components. Using spectroscopic and spectrometric techniques, ten substances,
including four phenolic compounds (p-hydroxybenzoic acid, p-coumaric acid, vanillic
acid and ferulic acid), five terpene derivatives (loliolide, vomifoliol, 4,5
dihydroblumenol A, 3-oxo-α-ionol and blumenol C), and an esterified derivative of
triterpenoid taraxerol, taraxerol p-methoxybenzoate (novel compound), not previously
described in this species. The total leaf extract was tested at different concentrations
to determine if it is an inhibitor of cathepsins K, L and V, and these tests showed
cathepsin K and V inhibitory properties at a concentration of 500 μg/mL.
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Pereira, Olívia R. "Estudio estructural y determinación de propiedades antioxidativas de extractos etanólicos de Thymus citriodorus y Cytisus multiflorus." Master's thesis, Universidad de Salamanca, Faculdad de Farmacia, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10198/3576.
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La creciente investigación en torno de las sustancias bioactivas está asociada con el incremento en la disponibilidad de productos naturales derivados de plantas, usados desde hace largos años con fines medicinales. Estas sustancias son en muchos casos potenciales productos terapéuticos o suplementos de salud. Sin embargo, dada la enorme heterogeneidad existente entre las plantas y en sus componentes, es preciso profundizar en este campo. No obstante, de entre la inmensa variedad de fitoterápicos se destacan los compuestos fenólicos dotados de propiedades antioxidantes, entre otras.
El objetivo general de este Trabajo de Grado es realizar la cuantificación y caracterización estructural de los compuestos fenólicos presentes en las plantas medicinales Cytisus multiflorus y Thymus citriodorus, con miras a contribuir al conocimiento fundamentado necesario para el uso racional y el desarrollo de nuevas aplicaciones de estas plantas.
Se utilizaron métodos espectrofotométricos distintos de cuantificación de compuestos fenólicos totales, flavonas/flavonoles e flavanonas/dihidroflavonoles. La caracterización química de los dos extractos etanólicos fue llevada a cabo por Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Eficiencia (HPLC-UV) e posterior análisis de las fracciones por espectrometría de masas del tipo Electrospay (ESI-MS). La capacidad antioxidante de los extractos fue medida a través del método DPPH.
Como conclusiones generales puede decirse que las especies Cytisus multiflorus y Thymus citriodorus son abundantes en compuestos fenólicos, poseen cantidades considerables de flavonas/flavonoles y pequeñas concentraciones de flavanonas/dihidroflavonoles. Se ha dilucidado el perfil fenólico de los extractos etanólicos de las especies Cytisus multiflorus y Thymus citriodorus, identificando la estructura de gran parte de sus compuestos. En respecto a la capacidad antioxidante de las plantas estudiadas se puede afirmar que las dos plantas poseen una considerable capacidad reductora. La planta Cytisus multiflorus presenta mayor capacidad reductora que otras especies de la misma familia e el Thymus citriodorus es una de las especies del género Thymus con mayor poder reductor.
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Vatinlen, Bénédicte. "Optimisation du routage dans les réseaux de télécommunications avec prise en compte de la qualité de service." Paris 6, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA066328.
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Liang, Li. "Pharmacognostical studies on Heshouwu (Polygoni Multiflori Radix): textual research, quality evaluation and processing chemistry investigation." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2018. https://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_oa/524.
Full textAbstract:
Heshouwu, derived from the tuberous root of Polygonum multiflorum Thunb., has been widely used in Traditional Chinese Medicine for centuries. It has a purgative effect when unprocessed, while used as a tonic after processing, and according to historical records, heshouwu should be steamed and sun-dried nine times to generate processed materials. Up until recently, three aspects of heshouwu have not been sufficiently studied. First, it is necessary to understand the history of heshouwu, including the emergence in the literature, the descriptions of its appearance, its effects and controversies, as well as the evolution of heshouwu's processing. As historical texts open a window to the past and clarify the issues of important clinical concern in the modern world, historical bencao (materia medica) literature research should be conducted. Second, in commercial herbal markets, heshouwu is divided into different grades based on morphological features of size and weight. A heavier weight and larger size command a higher price, and both sellers and buyers accept this grading. However, two questions arise: Does the existing grading system accurately represent the quality of the herb? If not, is there another system, or are there other morphological criteria, that could be used to reliably represent quality? Lastly, while heshouwu has been processed for hundreds of years, including the present, the chemistry of that processing has not been well studied. To address these issues, this study is divided into four parts. First, a systematic review of the text and illustrations in historical bencao literature is conducted. The bencao literature study illustrates the origin, botanical characteristics, actions and processing of heshouwu, as well as the origin and historical evolution of baishouwu ("white heshouwu"). To assess the inherent quality of various grades and to explore whether the existing grading system of heshouwu accurately represent quality, we firstly analyze the chemical profiles in three different commercial grades of heshouwu raw materials, using UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS and UPLC-QqQ-MS/MS. The results reveal that production regions and specifications both influence the chemical constituents of heshouwu, but the influence of production regions is even more evident. Differences in the constituents among production regions are relatively large, while there are no significant differences among the existing commercials grades. As the relationship between bioactive components and morphological features can be found by analyzing the distribution patterns of chemical components in different tissues, in order to find other reliable morphological indicators of quality furtherly, a method combining laser microdissection (LMD), UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS and UPLC-QqQ-MS/MS is applied in the third part of this study. The results indicate that, heshouwu with broader cork and phloem, as seen in a transverse section, are typically of better quality as these parts are where the bioactive components accumulate. In the fourth part of this study, targeted and untargeted metabolomics analyses using UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS and UPLC-QqQ-MS/MS are integrated to investigate the processing chemistry of heshouwu. The results demonstrate that processing by nine cycles of steaming and drying can qualitatively and quantitatively alters the chemical profile of heshouwu, which suggests that the nine cycles might be necessary for the preparation of processed heshouwu. The historical bencao literature research, chemical basis for quality evaluation, as well as processing chemistry investigation of heshouwu have been conducted in depth in this study. The results will be helpful in providing scientific basis of heshouwu's application.
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Bentz, Cédric. "Résolution exacte et approchée de problèmes de multiflot entier et de multicoupe : algorithmes et complexité." Paris, CNAM, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006CNAM0542.
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Dans cette thèse, on s'intéresse à des problèmes de multiflot entier et de multicoupe, qui généralisent les problèmes classiques de flot maximum et de coupe minimum. Deux aspects de ces problèmes y sont étudiés en particulier : la résolution exacte en temps polynomial et l'approximation polynomiale. Du point de vue de la résolution exacte, nos principales contributions portent sur les sujets suivants : chemins disjoints dans les graphes de nombre cyclomatique borné ; multicoupes dans les graphes orientés sans circuits, dans les graphes non orientés de largeur d'arbre bornée et dans les graphes planaires ; multiflots entiers dans les anneaux ; multicoupes et multiflots entiers dans certains cas particuliers de grilles. Du point de vue de l'approximation polynomiale, nos principales contributions portent sur les sujets suivants : chemins disjoints dans les graphes planaires à k niveaux d'arêtes ; multiflots entiers dans les graphes de nombre cyclomatique borné ; multicoupes dans les graphes orientés non pondérés de largeur d'arbre et de degré maximum bornés ; flots multiterminaux entiers dans les graphes orientés. Nous décrivons également une nouvelle heuristique pour trouver un multiflot entier maximum dans un graphe non orienté, et la testons sur des instances générées aléatoirement<br>In this thesis, we consider integral multiflow and multicut problems, which generalize the classical max flow and min cut problems. Two aspects of these problems are studied in particular : polynomial-time resolution and polynomial approximation. Concerning the first aspect, our main contributions focus on the following points : disjoint paths in graphs of bounded cyclomatic number ; multicuts in directed acyclic graphs, in undirected graphs of bounded tree-width and in planar graphs ; integral multiflows in rings ; multicuts and integral multiflows in several special types of grids. Concerning the second aspect, our main contributions focus on the following points : disjoint paths in k-edge-outerplanar graphs ; integral multiflows in graphs of bounded cyclomatic number ; multicuts in unweighted digraphs of bounded maximum degree and bounded tree-width ; integral multiterminal flows in digraphs. We also describe a new heuristic to find a maximum integral multiflow in an undirected graph, and test it on randomly generated graphs
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Crane, Sylvie. "Contribution à la connaissance de deux plantes oléagineuses de la Guadeloupe : Poutera multiflora et calophyllum calaba." Antilles-Guyane, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006AGUY0160.
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Parmi les espèces de plantes de plantes oléagineuses de la Guadeloupe, deux espèces ont été sélectionnées pour cette étude, Pouteria multiflora et Calophylum calaba, de par leur utilisation locale et en pharmacopée traditionnelle. L'étude concernant l'espèce de Pouteria multiflora a permis de fournir des données sur la composition en constituants majeurs et mineurs du fruit : glucides, protéines, lipides et sels minéraux. La mise en évidence des principales molécules constitutives des corps gras après identification et quantification en associant diverses techniques, telles que la chromatographie, complète la connaissance chimique du fruit. De l'étude des fractions glycéridiques des huiles extraites des fruits de cette espèce, nous citerons les acides gras ainsi que les cires associées. Par ailleurs, l'étude des constituants de l'insaponifiable nous a permis de relever la prédominance des molécules triterpéniques telles que l'érythrodiol et l'uvaol. Pour ce qui concerne Calophylull calaba, notre étude fait ressortir deux points essentiels: le choix des critères et conditions permettant une extraction optimale d'une huile de qualité par pressage mono-vis des amandes, étude chimiométrique ; ainsi que les caractéristiques analytiques et la constitution qualitative et quantitative de l'huile : distribution des acides gras, teneurs en tocophérols et tocotrienols, présence de triterpénols et de stérols. Ces derniers résultats confirment les propriétés relevant d'une utilisation traditionnelle relative à l'action cicatrisante et calmante de cette huile, ayant pour origine les molécules citées et qui sont bien connues pour leur activités antioxydantes. Une entreprise locale a retenu cette matière oléagineuse en vue de certaines de ces formulations, en effet, l'huile de Calophyllum calaba se présente comme une excellente matière première pour la cosmétologie<br>Among the species of oleaginous plants of Guadeloupe, two species were selected for this studt, Pouteria multiflora and Calophyllum calaba, of share their local and traditional uses. The study concerning the Pouteria multifora species, made it possible to provide data on the composition in major and minors components of the fruit:glucids, proteins, lipids and rock salt. The description of the principal molecules constitutive of the greasy substances after identification and quantification by associating various techniques, such as the chromatography, supplements the chimical knowledge of the fruit. Study of the glyceridic fractions of the oils extracted from the fruit of this species, we will quote the fatty acids associated with waxes. In addition, the study of the components of the unsaponifiable enabled us to raise the prevalence of the tripernic molecules such as erythrodiol and uvaol. Concerning Calophyllum calaba, our study emphasizes two essentials points: the choice of the criteria and conditions allowing an optimal extraction of an oil of quality by single -scew pressing of almonds, chimiometric study; as well as the analytical characteristics and the qualitative and quantitative constitution of oil : distribution of the fatty acids, tocopherols and tocotrienols contents, presence of triperpenols and sterols. These last results confirm the properties concerned a traditional use relating to the healing and calming actions of this oil, having for origin the quoted molecules and which are well-known for their antioxydant activies. A local company retained this oleaginous matter for some of these formulations; indeed, the oli of Calophyllum calaba is presented as a excellent raw material for the beauty care
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Pieterson, Elisabeth Corrie. "Nature versus Nurture: The Influence of Phylogenetic Relatedness, Origin, and Environment on Native and Introduced Woody Shrubs in the Eastern United States." The Ohio State University, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1534521742118989.
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Roch, Philippe. "Évaluation de méthodes de désherbage dans le maïs-grain (Zea mays) avec culture intercalaire de ray-grass annuel (Lolium multiflorum) et de trèfle incarnat (Trifolium incarnatum)." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/67734.
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Une culture intercalaire composée de ray-grass annuel et de trèfle incarnat dans le maïs-grain peut apporter de nombreux bénéfices environnementaux. Cependant, l’utilisation de ce mélange de cultures intercalaires est peu documentée avec les herbicides résiduels, le désherbage mécanique et intégré, ce qui rend la pratique très dépendante de l’usage du glyphosate. Des essais au champ ont été mis en place en 2017 et 2018 dans le maïs-grain, intercalé de ray-grass et de trèfle incarnat pour évaluer différentes méthodes de désherbage. Le volet A évalue l’utilisation de différents herbicides résiduels aux doses recommandées sur l’étiquette des produits pour l’établissement du mélange d’intercalaires. L’isoxaflutole + atrazine procure un désherbage et un établissement adéquats de l’intercalaire sur un sol sableux à 2 % d’argile, mais de la chlorose sur le trèfle apparaît sur un sol à 7 % d’argile. La mésotrione en postlevée du maïs avec le glyphosate semble causer peu de dommages aux intercalaires, tout en procurant un bon désherbage. Le volet B évalue différentes combinaisons d’isoxaflutole + atrazine à demi-dose, de désherbage mécanique avec une hersepeigne, de tembotrione/thiencarbazone et de glyphosate. L’isoxaflutole + atrazine cause des dommages au trèfle sur un loam, mais pas sur un loam sableux. La herse-peigne utilisée en prélevée et postlevée procure un désherbage de bonne qualité et un établissement d’intercalaires non négligeable sur un loam sableux, mais n’est pas adaptée au loam.<br>Intercropping annual ryegrass and crimson clover in grain-corn can bring many environmental upsides. However, the use of this intercropped mix with residual herbicides, mechanical and integrated weeding is sparsely documented. Thus the practice is mainly dependant on the use of glyphosate for weeding. In-field trials were made in 2017 and 2018 in grain corn, intercropped with ryegrass and incarnate clover to assess different weeding techniques. The part A of this experience assessed the use of different residual herbicides at label dose to establish this intercropped mix. Isoxaflutole + atrazine provides a good weeding and intercrop establishment in a 2 % clay soil, but causes chlorosis to incarnate clover in a 7 % clay soil. Mesotrione + glyphosate at corn preemergence seems to provide a good intercrop’s establishment and weeding quality. Part B assess different combinations of half-dosed isoxaflutole + atrazine, mechanical weeding with spring-tine weeder, tembotrione/thiencarbazone and glyphosate. Isoxaflutole + atrazine causes chlorosis to incarnate clover on a loam soil but not on a sandy loam. Spring-tine weeder can provide a good weeding and a fair establishment of intercrop on a sandy loam but is unable to do so on a loam.
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Carli, Camila Bernardes de Andrade [UNESP]. "Efeito dos componentes obtidos de qualea multiflora sobre modelo tumoral mamário murino e sua influência no sistema imunológico." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/103332.
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carli_cba_dr_arafcf.pdf: 828271 bytes, checksum: 8fa43a8a8cc3c364c67feeaf42848fc7 (MD5)<br>Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)<br>Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)<br>Nos últimos vinte anos, os quimioterápicos naturais foram introduzidos no tratamento do câncer e com estas novas perspectivas, vem aumentando o interesse das indústrias farmacêuticas em produtos de origem natural. Além disso, existe um grande interesse na identificação de novos agentes antineoplásicos, que possuam ação citotóxica seletiva associada à atividade imunomodulatória. Neste contexto, o presente estudo investiga possíveis efeitos farmacológicos de Qualea multiflora Mart (Vochysiaceae), utilizada na medicina popular do cerrado para o tratamento de úlceras, gastrites, amebíase, diarréia com sangue, cólicas intestinais e inflamações. A partir de resultados in vitro, propôs-se avaliar um tratamento in vivo em modelo tumoral mamário murino empregando-se uma fração terpênica (FT) derivada de Qualea multiflora (Q. multiflora) e as substâncias isoladas presentes nesta fração, lupeol (LP), lupenona (LP) e friedelina (FR), concomitantemente à avaliação dos efeitos imunológicos das substâncias testadas nos animais portadores de tumor. Os resultados parciais do presente estudo mostraram que as substâncias isoladas LP, LN e FR e a fração FT, na maioria das concentrações testadas, não apresentaram efeito tóxico in vitro sobre as células imunes, macrófagos e linfócitos . No entanto, LP, LN, FR e FT apresentaram excelente atividade citotóxica contra a linhagem tumoral LM3. AE não mostrou efeito tóxico in vitro contra a linhagem LM3. Por outro lado, a droga padrão Taxol (TX), apresentou pouco efeito tóxico contra a linhagem tumoral LM3, e acentuado efeito citotóxico contra macrófagos, indispensáveis à contenção tumoral. A partir destes resultados foram selecionadas as concentrações ideais para tratamento in vivo. Os resultados mostraram expressiva inibição do volume tumoral quando os animais foram tratados...<br>In the last twenty years, natural chemotherapeutic treatment were introduced into treatment of cancer and with these new perspectives, it has been increasing the interest of pharmaceutical products from natural origin. Moreover, there is great interest in identifying new anticancer agents that have selective cytotoxic activity associated with immunomodulatory activity. In this context, this study investigates possible pharmacological effects of Qualea multiflora (Q. multiflora) Vochysiaceae family, used in folk medicine of Brazilisn cerrado in the treatment of ulcers, gastritis, amebiasis, bloody diarrhea, intestinal pain and inflammation. From in vitro results, this study proposed to evaluate an alternative form of treatment for breast cancer employing a terpenic fraction (FT) derived from the chloroform extract of Q. multiflora and the isolated compounds present in this fraction, Ellagic Acid (EA), lupeol (LP), Lupenona (LP) and friedelin (FR) in an in vivo model of murine breast cancer concurrently to assess the immunological effects of the substances tested in animals with tumor. Partial results of this study showed that the isolated compounds AE, LP, LN and FR and FT fraction, most of the concentrations tested, showed no toxic effect in vitro on immune cells, macrophages and lymphocytes. However, LP, LN, FR and FT showed excellent cytotoxic activity against tumor line LM3. AE showed no toxic effect in vitro against strain LM3. Moreover, the standard drug Taxol (TX) showed little toxic effect against LM3 type of tumor, and marked effect against cytotoxic macrophages necessary for the containment of the tumor. From these results we selected the optimal concentrations for in vivo treatment. The results showed significant inhibition of tumor volume when the animals were treated... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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Carli, Camila Bernardes de Andrade. "Efeito dos componentes obtidos de qualea multiflora sobre modelo tumoral mamário murino e sua influência no sistema imunológico /." Araraquara, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/103332.
Full textAbstract:
Orientador: Iracilda Zeppone Carlos<br>Banca: Daniele Cardoso Geraldo Maia<br>Banca: Clelia Akiko Hiruma Lima<br>Banca: Cleverton Roberto de Andrade<br>Banca: Edson Rodrgues Filho<br>Resumo: Nos últimos vinte anos, os quimioterápicos naturais foram introduzidos no tratamento do câncer e com estas novas perspectivas, vem aumentando o interesse das indústrias farmacêuticas em produtos de origem natural. Além disso, existe um grande interesse na identificação de novos agentes antineoplásicos, que possuam ação citotóxica seletiva associada à atividade imunomodulatória. Neste contexto, o presente estudo investiga possíveis efeitos farmacológicos de Qualea multiflora Mart (Vochysiaceae), utilizada na medicina popular do cerrado para o tratamento de úlceras, gastrites, amebíase, diarréia com sangue, cólicas intestinais e inflamações. A partir de resultados in vitro, propôs-se avaliar um tratamento in vivo em modelo tumoral mamário murino empregando-se uma fração terpênica (FT) derivada de Qualea multiflora (Q. multiflora) e as substâncias isoladas presentes nesta fração, lupeol (LP), lupenona (LP) e friedelina (FR), concomitantemente à avaliação dos efeitos imunológicos das substâncias testadas nos animais portadores de tumor. Os resultados parciais do presente estudo mostraram que as substâncias isoladas LP, LN e FR e a fração FT, na maioria das concentrações testadas, não apresentaram efeito tóxico in vitro sobre as células imunes, macrófagos e linfócitos . No entanto, LP, LN, FR e FT apresentaram excelente atividade citotóxica contra a linhagem tumoral LM3. AE não mostrou efeito tóxico in vitro contra a linhagem LM3. Por outro lado, a droga padrão Taxol (TX), apresentou pouco efeito tóxico contra a linhagem tumoral LM3, e acentuado efeito citotóxico contra macrófagos, indispensáveis à contenção tumoral. A partir destes resultados foram selecionadas as concentrações ideais para tratamento in vivo. Os resultados mostraram expressiva inibição do volume tumoral quando os animais foram tratados... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)<br>Abstract: In the last twenty years, natural chemotherapeutic treatment were introduced into treatment of cancer and with these new perspectives, it has been increasing the interest of pharmaceutical products from natural origin. Moreover, there is great interest in identifying new anticancer agents that have selective cytotoxic activity associated with immunomodulatory activity. In this context, this study investigates possible pharmacological effects of Qualea multiflora (Q. multiflora) Vochysiaceae family, used in folk medicine of Brazilisn cerrado in the treatment of ulcers, gastritis, amebiasis, bloody diarrhea, intestinal pain and inflammation. From in vitro results, this study proposed to evaluate an alternative form of treatment for breast cancer employing a terpenic fraction (FT) derived from the chloroform extract of Q. multiflora and the isolated compounds present in this fraction, Ellagic Acid (EA), lupeol (LP), Lupenona (LP) and friedelin (FR) in an in vivo model of murine breast cancer concurrently to assess the immunological effects of the substances tested in animals with tumor. Partial results of this study showed that the isolated compounds AE, LP, LN and FR and FT fraction, most of the concentrations tested, showed no toxic effect in vitro on immune cells, macrophages and lymphocytes. However, LP, LN, FR and FT showed excellent cytotoxic activity against tumor line LM3. AE showed no toxic effect in vitro against strain LM3. Moreover, the standard drug Taxol (TX) showed little toxic effect against LM3 type of tumor, and marked effect against cytotoxic macrophages necessary for the containment of the tumor. From these results we selected the optimal concentrations for in vivo treatment. The results showed significant inhibition of tumor volume when the animals were treated... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)<br>Doutor
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Nepomuceno, Napoleao. "Optimisation dans des réseaux backhaul sans fil." Phd thesis, Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00593412.
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Les avancées technologiques poussent l'industrie des télécommunications à fournir la capacité et la qualité nécessaire pour satisfaire la demande croissante de services sans fil à haut débit. De plus, avec les progrès des technologies d'accès, le goulot d'étranglement des réseaux cellulaires se déplace progressivement de l'interface radio vers le backhaul -- la partie de l'infrastructure du réseau qui fournit l'interconnexion entre les réseaux d'accès et de coeur. Aussi, la possibilité de déployer rapidement des liens radio micro-ondes efficaces est essentielle pour apporter des solutions crédibles au problème de l'engorgement des réseaux backhaul. Toutefois, les solutions de backhaul disponibles avec cette technologie ont reçu peu d'attention de la communauté scientifique. Pourtant, la croissance des réseaux backhaul et l'augmentation de leur complexité posent de nombreux problèmes d'optimisation très intéressants. En effet, contrairement aux réseaux filaires, la capacité d'un lien radio micro-ondes est sujette à variation, soit due à des facteurs extérieurs (météo), soit par l'action de l'opérateur. Cette différence fondamentale soulève une variété de nouvelles questions qui doivent être abordées de façon appropriée. Il faut donc concevoir des méthodes adéquates pour l'optimisation des réseaux backhaul. Dans cette thèse, nous étudions les problèmes d'optimisation de réseaux liés à la conception et la configuration des liaisons terrestres sans fil à micro-ondes. Nous nous intéressons en particulier à la classe des problèmes de multiflot de coût minimum avec des fonctions de coût en escalier sur les liens du réseau. Ces problèmes sont parmi les problèmes d'optimisation combinatoire les plus importants et les plus difficiles dans l'optimisation des réseaux, et il n'est généralement possible de les résoudre que de façon approchée. Nous introduisons des modèles mathématiques pour certains de ces problèmes et présentons des approches de solution basées essentiellement sur la programmation entière mixte, la programmation sous contraintes probabilistes, des techniques de relaxation, des méthodes de coupe, ainsi que des méta-heuristiques hybrides. Ces travaux ont été effectués en collaboration avec la PME~3Roam, et partiellement dans le cadre du projet RAISOM (Réseaux de Collecte IP sans fil optimisés) entre le projet Mascotte et les PMEs 3Roam et Avisto. Cette thèse a été développée en co-tutelle entre l'Université de Nice-Sophia Antipolis et l'Université Federale du Ceará.
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Klinczar, Angela G. "The Effect of Treefall Gaps and Propagule Rain on the Spatial Distribution of Four Invasive Plants in a Mature Upland Forest in Maryland." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1407055829.
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Velásquez, Villafuerte David Boris. "Evaluación de la actividad antimicrobiana, antioxidante y citotoxicidad de los extractos etanólico y acuoso de Tagetes multiflora kunth “chinche”." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2017. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/7372.
Full textAbstract:
Evalúa las actividades antimicrobiana, antioxidante y citotoxicidad de los extractos etanólico y acuoso de Tagetes multiflora Kunth. La actividad antimicrobiana se evalúa mediante el método de difusión de pozo en agar frente a Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538, Escherichia coli ATCC 8739, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 9027, Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633, Candida albicans ATCC 14053 y Aspergillus niger ATCC 16404. La actividad antioxidante se evalúa por el método de DPPH y la actividad citotóxica se evalúa mediante el bioensayo de citotoxicidad en Artemia salina (CYTED). En el extracto etanólico presenta formación de halos frente a las cepas Escherichia coli (11,33 mm + 0,58), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (13 mm + 1,0) y Staphyloccocus aureus (15,67 mm + 1,15); y el extracto acuoso frente a la cepa Aspergillus niger (13,67 mm + 0,58). El extracto etanólico presenta un IC50 de 60,93 μg/mL + 0,40; y el extracto acuoso 40,42 μg/mL + 0,24. El extracto etanólico presenta un CL50 de 35,568 μg/mL y el extracto acuoso 386,048 μg/mL. El extracto etanólico presenta actividad antimicrobiana (frente a Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa y Staphyloccocus aureus), actividad antioxidante y alta actividad citotóxica; mientras que el extracto acuoso presenta actividad antimicrobiana (frente a Aspergillus niger), actividad antioxidante y moderada actividad citotóxica.<br>Tesis
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Christen, Douglas. "Distinguishing the Habitat, Corridor and Conduit Functions of Roads in the Spread of Invasive Plants." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1125420469.
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Nakashima, Tomoe. "Etude phytochimique, évaluation des activités antifongiques et antivirales de trois verbenaceae : Lippia alba N.E.Brown, Lippia multiflora Mold. Citharexylum myrianthum Cham." Toulouse, INPT, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993INPT045G.
Full textAbstract:
Lippia alba n. E. Brown et lippia multiflora mold. , bien connues au bresil et en afrique de l'ouest, ainsi que citharexylum myrianthum cham. , espece sud americaine, sont des verbenaceae utilisees en medecine traditionnelle. Dans la premiere partie de notre memoire, nous rappelons les caracteres botaniques des trois especes, leur localisation geographique et leur interet economique. La deuxieme partie porte sur l'obtention de substances susceptibles de presenter un interet biologique. Deux iridoides ont ete isoles de lippia alba, trois de lippia multiflora et trois de citharexylum myrianthum. De plus, trois flavonoides, les 5,4-dihydroxy, 7-3dimethoxy, 6-glucosylflavone, 5,6,4-trihydroxy, 7-3-dimethoxyflavone et 5,4-dihydroxy, 7-3-dimethoxy, 6-methylflavone ont ete identifies dans citharexylum myrianthum. La troisieme partie est consacree a la mise en evidence d'activites biologiques. L'action antifongique de lyophilisats et d'extraits methanoliques des trois especes a ete testes sur neuf especes de champignons pathogenes chez les vegetaux ou les animaux. Aucun produit ne provoque d'inhibition totale de croissance, mais certains demontrent une inhibition partielle. Les lyophilisats sont en general moins actifs que les extraits methanoliques. L'activite antivirale a ete etudiee sur quatre virus (hsv-1, hsv-2 poliovirus et vsv). Les extraits aqueux et methanoliques de citharexylum myrianthum, presentent une reduction de titre virale superieure a 2 log 10. Les lyophilisats sont particulierement actifs sur les virus herpetique et poliomyelitique (egaux ou superieurs a 3,5 log 10). L'activite des extraits methanoliques de lippia alba et lippia multiflora sur hsv-2, ainsi celle que des lyophilisats de lippia alba sur le poliovirus sont marquees
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OUOROU, ADAMOU. "Decomposition proximale des problemes de multiflot a critere convexe. Application aux problemes de routage dans les reseaux de communication." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995CLF21751.
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La premiere partie de cette these s'interesse aux problemes de multiflots a critere convexe separable. Leur application est importante: ils sont au cur du developpement et de la gestion des reseaux de telecommunication (type arpanet et transpac), mais concernent egalement de nombreux autres secteurs: transport, distribution, etc. Apres une revue de la litterature sur le sujet, nous analysons une approche de decomposition utilisant des techniques proximales. Trois algorithmes sont ainsi etudies. Les deux premiers portent sur une formulation sommets-arcs du probleme et le dernier utilise une formulation ou les variables sont les chemins. Des resultats numeriques montrent la superiorite de cette derniere mise en uvre. Nous presentons egalement des resultats comparatifs avec une methode classique dite de deviation de flot et qui montre une competitivite de notre approche. Dans la deuxieme partie, nous traitons du probleme de flot simple a fonction objectif convexe separable. Il joue souvent le role de sous-probleme dans la decomposition d'un probleme de multiflot. Nous presentons quelques methodes existantes et procedons a une experimentation numerique. Enfin, dans une troisieme partie, nous faisons un certain nombre d'experiences sur les divers parametres intervenant dans la methode de decomposition proximale
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Murphy, Jennifer E. "The Beginning and Legacy of Rosa multiflora Invasions: Understanding the Mechanisms that Drive Its Success Across Stages of Invasion." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1561484787925341.
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Lardeux, Benoît. "Conception de réseaux de télécommunications multicouche et évolutif." Compiègne, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005COMP1576.
Full textAbstract:
Dans ce document sont abordés des problèmes complexes d'optimisation dans les télécommunications. La problématique étudiée concerne le dimensionnement de réseaux en fonction des demandes de trafic. L'écoulement de ces demandes dans le réseau étant modélisé par un multiflot, il s'agit de déterminer des valeurs de capacités modulaires nécessaires à installer sur les liens pour un coût global minimal. Les coûts des combinaisons de modules de capacité pouvant être installées sont modélisés par des fonctions croissantes en escalier quelconques. Deux problèmes de dimensionnement de réseaux étendus, intéressants dans le contexte actuel d'évolution des télécommunications, ont été étudiés: le problème multicouche pour lequel nous cherchons à optimiser le dimensionnement de plusieurs couches de réseau encapsulées les unes dans les autres et le problème multipériode qui consiste à déterminer l'évolution de l'architecture et du dimensionnement en fonction de l'évolution du trafic au cours d'une période de temps donnée<br>Ln this thesis we focus on two complex optimization problems in telecommunication networks, the multi-Iayered and the multi'-period network design problems. The main issue studied here concerns the network design problem given a matrix of traffic demands. Traffic demands are carried simultaneously in the network, and we intend to compute the best available capacity values to install on the links at a minimal global cost. The costs of the capacity commodities combinations available on the links are modeled by general step increasing cost functions. Two extensive network design problems interesting under the CUITent context of expansion in telecommunications are thoroughly studied: the multi-Iayered and the multi-period network design problems. For the first problem, we propose a method for the design of a network built on several encapsulated layers. Ln the second part of this thesis, we tackle the problem of the topologyand dimensionning evolution given the traffic growing throughout a given horizon time
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Pereira, Liberalino Carlos Heitor. "Problèmes de production avec transport des composants." Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00719567.
Full textAbstract:
Dans ce travail nous considérons des problèmes de planification de production sur plusieurs sites avec transport de produits entre ces sites. L'objectif est de synchroniser les deux problèmes (planification et transport) et de construire une solution globale. Le système de production sur chaque site est modélisé comme un problème de Capacitated Lot-Sizing où nous travaillons avec stock et ressources. Le transport de produits entre les sites se ramène à une version simplifiée du Vehicle Routing Problem où le temps est discrétisé. D'abord nous proposons un modèle linéaire en nombres entiers que nous appelons le " Lot-Sizing and Vehicle Routing Problem " (LSVRP). Puis nous présentons deux cas particuliers : le Single-item LSVRP (SLSVRP) et le Single-level LSVRP (1-LSVRP). Les problèmes sont traités ici par six heuristiques que nous avons développé. Quatre de ces méthodes sont des heuristiques qui utilisent la programmation en nombres entiers et prennent en compte la relaxation linéaire de quelques variables du problème. Elles s'appuient sur l'exploration partielle de l'arbre de décision et la fixation de variables. Les deux autres sont spécifiques pour les cas particuliers. La première, qui traite le S-LSVRP, est basée sur la propagation des ordres de production sur chaque site. Puis à chaque itération elle calcule le plan de transport compatible et essaie d'améliorer la solution en modifiant la production sur les sites. L'autre méthode consiste en une relaxation lagrangienne qui travaille sur une modélisation du 1-LSVRP en un problème de flot. Des résultats numériques et des analyses sont présentés pour évaluer l'efficacité de ces heuristiques.
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Murray, David Patrick. "Spatial Distribution of Four Exotic Plants in Relation to Physical Environmental Factors with Analysis using GIS." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/31281.
Full textAbstract:
The spatial distributions of four plant species native to Asia, yet considered invasive in southwestern Virginia, were studied in order to produce predictive habitat maps. The study took place in the mountains to the north of Blacksburg, VA, on National Forest lands. A random GPS survey of each of the four species, Microstegium vimineum, Lonicera japonica, Rosa multiflora and Elaeagnus umbellate, was used in combination with a series of Geographic Information System (GIS) layers representing environmental variables (Elevation, Aspect, Roads, Trails, Streams, & Normalized Difference Moisture Index) to produce logistic regression models. After field- validating the models, the models were ranked according to usefulness, with the E. umbellate model proving most accurate. It is hoped that such GIS models will allow forest managers to more productively search for invasive species within their jurisdiction, by indicating sites more likely to provide habitat suitable to the invasive species described by the model.
A non-GIS search for correlations between the study speciesâ presence and field-collected discrete environmental variables was also included. Both Disturbance and Canopy Cover were considered for their effect upon Microstegium vimineum, Lonicera japonica, Rosa multiflora and Elaeagnus umbellate presence. Using Pearsonâ s Correlation with the Canopy Cover data, and Chi-squared Correlation with the Disturbance data, only R. multiflora and E. umbellate showed significant correlation to decreasing canopy cover.<br>Master of Science
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Domingues, Larissa Nahas. "Ecologia das interações entre aranhas, formigas e Qualea multiflora (Vochysiaceae) no cerrado: diversidade e abundância de predadores e seus impactos sobre herbívoros e herbivoria." Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, 2011. https://repositorio.ufu.br/handle/123456789/13350.
Full textAbstract:
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior<br>Spiders and ants are among the main predators of herbivores in terrestrial trophic chains, and
can indirectly benefit plants. Several plant species offer feeding resources and/or shelter to
predators which provide protection against their natural enemies. The extrafloral nectar is a
liquid feeding resource common in cerrado plants that attract ants and other arthropods, such
as spiders for example. However, interactions between predators such as intraguild
competition and predation can influence their ability to reduce herbivores and affect the final
results of interactions with plants. The present study aimed to determine the impact of the
spiders and ants fauna on herbivory and reproduction of Qualea multiflora (Vochysiaceae),
a tree specie common in cerrado bearing paired extrafloral nectaries on the stem next to the
insertion of the leaves, and on the bud pedicels. It was verified if there is difference in the
effects of these two groups of predators when act jointly or separately. The field experiments
were conducted in a cerrado area in Uberlandia, MG, between August 2009 and May 2010.
In August 2009, 60 individuals of Q. multiflora, similar and in the same phenological state,
were tagged and raffled off in four groups of 15 individuals: Control (plants with free access
to spiders and ants); Exclusion (spiders and ants were removed from the plants); Ants (only
spiders were removed) and Spiders (only ants were removed). Ants were excluded by
covering the trunk with a lay of sticky resin (Tanglefoot) and spiders were excluded
manually every three days. All plants were inspected three times per month from August
2009 to May 2010. In each inspection were registered the richness and abundance of
herbivores, ants and spiders. Leaf area loss due to herbivory and action of mould, and gall
infestation were registered monthly. To assess the predators impact on reproduction of Q.
multiflora were counted the number of floral buds, fruits and potentially viable seeds
produced by each plant. In the last month of experiments, all fruits were collected, measured
and weighted. The results showed that the removal of one or both types of predators resulted
in a significant increase in richness and abundance of herbivores and herbivory level in
plants. There was evident seasonality in abundance of ants, spiders and herbivores. It were
observed 21 ant species and 43 spider species foraging in the plants during the study. There
was a higher richness and abundance of spiders in plants without ants. The richness and
abundance of ants did not differ depending on the presence or absence of spiders. There was
not difference in number of buds, fruits and seeds produced, or in the length and weight of
fruits among the four treatments. This study shows the importance of consider the effects of
all predators and not only a specific group to assess protection in extrafloral nectary-bearing
plants.<br>Aranhas e formigas estão entre os principais predadores de herbívoros em cadeias tróficas
terrestres, podendo indiretamente beneficiar plantas. Várias espécies de plantas oferecem
recursos alimentares e/ou abrigo para predadores e recebem proteção contra seus inimigos
naturais, os herbívoros. O néctar extrafloral é um recurso alimentar líquido comumente
encontrado em plantas do cerrado e atrai formigas e outros artrópodes, como aranhas por
exemplo. No entanto, interações entre predadores, como competição e predação intraguilda
podem influenciar sua capacidade de reduzir herbívoros e assim afetar o resultado final das
interações com plantas. O presente estudo objetivou verificar se a presença ou ausência de
predadores, como formigas e aranhas, afeta as taxas de herbivoria e o fitness de Qualea
multiflora (Vochysiaceae), uma espécie arbórea comumente encontrada no cerrado e que
possui nectários extraflorais pares na base do pecíolo e no pedúnculo dos botões. Verificouse
se há diferença nos efeitos desses dois grupos de predadores agindo em conjunto ou
separadamente. Os experimentos de campo foram conduzidos em uma área de cerrado em
Uberlândia, MG, no período de agosto de 2009 a maio de 2010. Em agosto de 2009, 60
indivíduos de Q. multiflora, similares e no mesmo estado fenológico, foram marcados e
divididos por sorteio em quatro grupos de 15 indivíduos, sendo: Controle (plantas com livre
acesso às aranhas e formigas); Exclusão (aranhas e formigas foram removidas das plantas);
Formigas (somente aranhas foram removidas) e Aranhas (somente formigas foram
removidas). Formigas foram excluídas por meio da aplicação de uma resina atóxica no caule
das plantas (Tanglefoot) e aranhas foram excluídas manualmente a cada três dias. Todas as
plantas foram inspecionadas três vezes ao mês durante todo o período de estudo, registrando
a riqueza e abundância de herbívoros, formigas e aranhas. Uma vez ao mês eram registrados
a porcentagem de área foliar perdida por herbivoria e ação de fungos e o número de galhas.
Para avaliar o impacto dos predadores sobre a reprodução de Q. multiflora, foram contados
os números de botões, frutos e sementes potencialmente viáveis produzidos por cada planta.
No ultimo mês dos experimentos os frutos foram coletados, medidos e pesados. Os
resultados mostraram que a exclusão de um ou ambos os predadores causou um aumento na
riqueza e abundância de herbívoros e na porcentagem de herbivoria das plantas. Houve
sazonalidade evidente na abundância de formigas, aranhas e herbívoros. Foram observadas
21 espécies de formigas e 43 espécies de aranhas forrageando nas plantas durante o período
de estudo. Houve maior riqueza e abundância de aranhas em plantas nas quais as formigas
foram excluídas comparadas com as que as formigas estavam presentes. A riqueza e
abundância de formigas não diferiram, entretanto, dependendo da presença ou ausência de
aranhas. Não houve diferença entre número de botões, frutos e sementes produzidas, nem no
comprimento e tamanho dos frutos entre os quatro grupos de plantas. Este estudo mostra a
importância de se considerar os efeitos de todos os predadores e não somente de um grupo
específico para avaliar proteção em plantas com nectários extraflorais.<br>Mestre em Ecologia e Conservação de Recursos Naturais