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Journal articles on the topic 'Multigenerational demography'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Mare, Robert D. "A Multigenerational View of Inequality." Demography 48, no. 1 (January 27, 2011): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13524-011-0014-7.

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Song, Xi, and Robert D. Mare. "Shared Lifetimes, Multigenerational Exposure, and Educational Mobility." Demography 56, no. 3 (May 16, 2019): 891–916. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13524-019-00772-8.

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Cook, C. Justin, Jason M. Fletcher, and Angela Forgues. "Multigenerational Effects of Early-Life Health Shocks." Demography 56, no. 5 (July 29, 2019): 1855–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13524-019-00804-3.

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Kolk, Martin. "Multigenerational transmission of family size in contemporary Sweden." Population Studies 68, no. 1 (August 20, 2013): 111–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00324728.2013.819112.

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5

Wolfe, Joseph, Shawn Bauldry, Melissa Hardy, and Eliza K. Pavalko. "Multigenerational socioeconomic attainments and mortality among older men: An adjacent generations approach." Demographic Research 39 (October 5, 2018): 719–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4054/demres.2018.39.26.

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Deleire, Thomas, and Ariel Kalil. "Good Things Come in Threes: Single-Parent Multigenerational Family Structure and Adolescent Adjustment." Demography 39, no. 2 (May 2002): 393. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3088345.

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DeLeire, Thomas C., and Ariel Kalil. "Good Things Come in Threes: Single-Parent Multigenerational Family Structure and Adolescent Adjustment." Demography 39, no. 2 (2002): 393–413. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/dem.2002.0016.

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Pilkauskas, Natasha V., Mariana Amorim, and Rachel E. Dunifon. "Historical Trends in Children Living in Multigenerational Households in the United States: 1870–2018." Demography 57, no. 6 (October 1, 2020): 2269–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13524-020-00920-5.

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9

Patterson, Sarah E., and Rachel Margolis. "The Demography of Multigenerational Caregiving: A Critical Aspect of the Gendered Life Course." Socius: Sociological Research for a Dynamic World 5 (January 2019): 237802311986273. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2378023119862737.

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Multigenerational caregiving is important because it affects social and economic outcomes. Existing studies usually exclude theoretically and empirically important aspects—emotional care and horizontal care—that may systematically underestimate gender differences. In this study, we comprehensively describe caregiving by gender and age and examine how sensitive estimates are to the inclusion of directions and types of care. Using the Generations and Gender Survey (GGS) in Europe (N = 114,147), we find that women are more likely to provide care than men across the life course, and gender gaps are largest during critical periods for human capital accumulation. Significant gender gaps in favor of more women providing care are found in most countries, especially when emotional caregiving is included, but in some countries, more men provide care at the oldest ages. These findings highlight how measuring caregiving well is critical to understanding the gendered life course.
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González-Pérez, Brenda Karen, S. S. S. Sarma, M. E. Castellanos-Páez, and S. Nandini. "Multigenerational effects of triclosan on the demography of Plationus patulus and Brachionus havanaensis (ROTIFERA)." Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 147 (January 2018): 275–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.08.049.

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11

Park, Sung S., Emily E. Wiemers, and Judith A. Seltzer. "The Family Safety Net of Black and White Multigenerational Families." Population and Development Review 45, no. 2 (March 12, 2019): 351–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/padr.12233.

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Harvey, Hope, Rachel Dunifon, and Natasha Pilkauskas. "Under Whose Roof? Understanding the Living Arrangements of Children in Doubled-Up Households." Demography 58, no. 3 (March 25, 2021): 821–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00703370-9101102.

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Abstract A growing literature in family demography examines children's residence in doubled-up (shared) households with extended family members and nonkin. This research has largely overlooked the role of doubling up as a housing strategy, with “hosts” (householders) providing housing support for “guests” living in their home. Yet, understanding children's experiences in doubled-up households requires attention to host/guest status. Using the American Community Survey and Survey of Income and Program Participation, we identify the prevalence of children doubling up as hosts and guests in different household compositions (multigenerational, extended family, nonkin), show how this varies by demographic characteristics, and examine children's patterns of residence across these household types. We find large variation by demographic characteristics. More disadvantaged children have higher rates of doubling up as guests than hosts, whereas more advantaged children have higher rates of doubling up as hosts than guests. Additionally, compared with hosts, guests more often use doubling up as a longer-term strategy; a greater share of guests live consistently doubled up over a three-year period, but those who do transition between household types experience more transitions on average than do hosts. Our findings show the importance of attending to both housing status and household composition when studying children living in doubled-up households.
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13

Ross, Tara. "‘Telling the Brown Stories’: An Examination of Identity in the Ethnic Media of Multigenerational Immigrant Communities." Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 40, no. 8 (September 6, 2013): 1314–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1369183x.2013.831547.

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14

Ali, Nazia, and Rukeya Suleman. "(Im)Mobilities of Older Pakistani Female Migrants and Material Culture: a Multigenerational Perspective on Gift-Giving." Population, Space and Place 23, no. 5 (April 5, 2017): e2067. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/psp.2067.

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15

Connor, Dylan Shane. "Class Background, Reception Context, and Intergenerational Mobility: A Record Linkage and Surname Analysis of the Children of Irish Immigrants." International Migration Review 54, no. 1 (November 28, 2018): 4–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0197918318806891.

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Proponents of restrictive immigration policies often claim that families arriving with fewer skills and resources will struggle economically. This claim is challenging to test as lower-skilled migrants also tend to face greater discrimination, exclusion, and obstacles in the United States. I use unique multigenerational data on Irish Americans in the early-twentieth century, before and after migration, to directly study how the economic origins of Irish families and the reception context they faced in the United States affected economic attainment in the second generation. This analysis finds weak associations between economic background in Ireland and second-generation earnings in the United States. The schooling context and ethnic communities of settlement locations in the United States, in contrast, have strong effects on the second generation. These findings indicate that the experiences of immigrant families in the United States may be more important for second-generation attainment than the skills and resources brought from the origin country in the immigrant generation.
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Berg, V., D. W. Lawson, and A. Rotkirch. "Financial opportunity costs and deaths among close kin are independently associated with reproductive timing in a contemporary high-income society." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 287, no. 1919 (January 22, 2020): 20192478. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2019.2478.

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Evolutionary demography predicts that variation in reproductive timing stems from socio-ecologically contingent trade-offs between current and future reproduction. In contemporary high-income societies, the costs and benefits of current reproduction are likely to vary by socioeconomic status (SES). Two influential hypotheses, focusing on the parenthood ‘wage penalty’, and responses to local mortality have separately been proposed to influence the timing of parenthood. Economic costs of reproduction (i.e. income loss) are hypothesized to delay fertility, especially among high childhood SES individuals who experience greater opportunities to build capital through advantageous education and career opportunities. On the other hand, relatively low childhood SES individuals experience higher mortality risk, which may favour earlier reproduction. Here, we examine both hypotheses with a representative register-based, multigenerational dataset from contemporary Finland ( N = 47 678). Consistent with each hypothesis, the predicted financial cost of early parenthood was smaller, and mortality among close kin was higher for individuals with lower childhood SES. Within the same dataset, lower predicted adulthood income and more kin deaths were also independently associated with earlier parenthood. Our results provide a robust demonstration of how economic costs and mortality relate to reproductive timing. We discuss the implications of our findings for demographic theory and public policy.
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Gerards, Sebastiaan, Roel De Ridder, and Sylvain De Bleeckere. "Designing Multigenerational Dwelling: A Workshop with Four Flemish Architecture Firms." International Journal of Architectural Research: ArchNet-IJAR 9, no. 2 (July 13, 2015): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.26687/archnet-ijar.v9i2.658.

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Due to social shifts, demographic changes and spatial challenges, housing is at the top of the social agenda in Flanders. Recently, communal housing concepts are put forward to strive against these general developments. This paper presents research on multigenerational dwelling, as one possible renewed communal housing concept for Flanders. The authors develop a working definition for multigenerational dwelling, which lays the foundation for the main part of the paper: the translation of a theoretical framework into an architectural design. Methodologically the authors use design to experiment with this new housing concept in a specific, but realistic setting. More specifically, they organize a workshop with four Flemish architecture firms to investigate different modes of sharing space within a multigenerational dwelling. Furthermore they formulate key considerations for further research and the implementation of this renewed way of dwelling in Flanders.
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18

Ralston, Margaret, Enid Schatz, Sangeetha Madhavan, F. Xavier Gómez-Olivé, and Mark A. Collinson. "Perceived quality of life and living arrangements among older rural South Africans: do all households fare the same?" Ageing and Society 39, no. 12 (August 17, 2018): 2735–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0144686x18000831.

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AbstractThis study explores how living arrangements influence perceived quality of life in an elderly population in rural South Africa. We use data from the longitudinal World Health Organization Study of Global Ageing and Adult Health Survey (WHO-SAGE) and from the Agincourt Health and Socio-Demographic Surveillance System (HDSS). On average, older men and women who reside in single-generation and complex-linked multigenerational households report worse quality of life than those in two-generation and linear-linked multigenerational households. However, after controlling for prior wellbeing status, we find living arrangements to have a significant impact on women's perceived quality of life only, and that it is moderated by age. We conclude that not all multigenerational arrangements are protective of older adults’ wellbeing and highlight the gendered impact of living arrangements on quality of life. These results suggest the necessity to understand how living arrangements influence the social roles of older adults and change with age.
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19

Ma, Zhiyuan, Hui Peng, Yaru Jin, Xianming Zhang, Xianyi Xie, Kang Jian, Hongling Liu, Guanyong Su, Song Tang, and Hongxia Yu. "Multigenerational Effects and Demographic Responses of Zebrafish (Danio rerio) Exposed to Organo-Bromine Compounds." Environmental Science & Technology 52, no. 15 (July 9, 2018): 8764–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.8b00569.

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20

Elman, Cheryl, and Andrew S. London. "Racial Differences in Multigenerational Living Arrangements in 1910." Social Science History 35, no. 3 (2011): 275–322. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s014555320001155x.

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We explore racial differences in multigenerational living arrangements in 1910, focusing on trigenerational kin structures. Coresidence across generations represents a public function of the family, and we observe this across different ages or life-course stages through which adults came to be at risk for providing simultaneous household support for multiple generations of kin dependents. Using data from the 1.4 percent 1910 Integrated Public Use Microdata Sample, our comparisons adjust for marital turnover, including widow(er)hood/divorce and remarriage, as rates are known to be historically higher among African Americans in this period. Across subgroups defined by age and sex, we find that African Americans are virtually always as likely as or more likely than European Americans (of both native and foreign parentage) to live as grandparents in trigenerational households. Widow(er)hood/divorce generally increased the likelihood of trigenerational coresidence, while remarriage sometimes increased, sometimes decreased, and sometimes had no association with this living arrangement. Also, we find that the life-course staging of household kin support in 1910 differed across race/generation partly due to different economic and demographic circumstances, suggesting more complexity in kin support than previously considered. We discuss these findings in relation to the histories of African American and European American families as well as their implications for future research.
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21

Sukumaran, Sandhya, and Alastair Grant. "Multigenerational demographic responses of sexual and asexual Artemia to chronic genotoxicity by a reference mutagen." Aquatic Toxicology 144-145 (November 2013): 66–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquatox.2013.09.017.

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22

Schatz, Enid, Margaret Ralston, Sangeetha Madhavan, Mark A. Collinson, and F. Xavier Gómez-Olivé. "Living Arrangements, Disability and Gender of Older Adults Among Rural South Africa." Journals of Gerontology: Series B 73, no. 6 (June 23, 2017): 1112–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbx081.

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Abstract Objective A limited understanding exists of the relationship between disability and older persons’ living arrangements in low and middle-income countries (LMICs). We examine the associations between living arrangements, disability, and gender for individuals older than 50 years in rural South Africa. Method Using the Study on global AGEing and adult health (SAGE) survey and Agincourt Health and socio-Demographic Surveillance System (HDSS) data, we explore older persons’ self-reported disability by living arrangements and gender, paying particular attention to various multigenerational arrangements. Results Controlling for past disability status, a significant relationship between living arrangements and current disability remains, but is moderated by gender. Older persons in households where they may be more “productive” report higher levels of disability; there are fewer differences in women’s than men’s reported disability levels across living arrangement categories. Discussion This study underscores the need to examine living arrangements and disability through a gendered lens, with particular attention to heterogeneity among multigenerational living arrangements. Some living arrangements may take a greater toll on older persons than others. Important policy implications for South Africa and other LMICs emerge among vibrant debates about the role of social welfare programs in improving the health of older individuals.
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23

Lowell, Victoria Lynn, and James Michael Morris Jr. "Multigenerational classrooms in higher education: equity and learning with technology." International Journal of Information and Learning Technology 36, no. 2 (March 22, 2019): 78–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijilt-06-2018-0068.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to discuss potential challenges learners from different generations may have with current instructional methods using educational technologies in the classroom. The authors hope to create awareness to help improve equity in learning opportunities and assist educators in understanding the needs of multigenerational classrooms. Design/methodology/approach In a narrative review of the literature, the authors present the current findings of the literature on generations in higher education and concerns for equity in learning opportunities. Findings It is commonplace in undergraduate programs for learners of multiple generations to attend classes together and research has shown that historical context and generational experiences affect the values, attitudes and learning preferences of each generation. Therefore, higher education institutions should be aware of the demographic profile of their students, as well as the external populations from which they may recruit students, to ensure they are cognizant of the needs of these populations and can provide equality in learning opportunities. Practical implications To assist with the needs of this changing student population, university leaders must consider generational characteristics to ensure equity in learning opportunity. Specifically, university leaders and educators in the classrooms will need to adapt and adjust for a changing student population providing instruction that meets the needs of multiple generations of learners, often within one classroom. Originality/value Often when we think of diversity in the classroom we think of age, gender, race or even culture. Today we must add diversity in generations. Unlike other equity issues in education such as access (McLaughlin, 2010), educators may not be considering the equity in the design of their instruction to provide equitable learning experiences based on a learners’ knowledge and skills established by their experiences with technology. The lack of knowledge and skills a learner has with technology based on their experiences may create barriers to their ability to understand and complete instructional content involving technology (Wager, 2005). To ensure all learners can be successful, educators should strive to provide equality in learning opportunities when designing instruction including technology.
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Salice, Christopher J., Thomas J. Miller, and G. Roesijadi. "Demographic Responses to Multigeneration Cadmium Exposure in Two Strains of the Freshwater Gastropod, Biomphalaria glabrata." Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 56, no. 4 (August 20, 2008): 785–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00244-008-9203-9.

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Yin, Xian-Hui, Qing-Jun Wu, Xue-Feng Li, You-Jun Zhang, and Bao-Yun Xu. "Demographic Changes in Multigeneration Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) After Exposure to Sublethal Concentrations of Spinosad." Journal of Economic Entomology 102, no. 1 (February 1, 2009): 357–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/029.102.0146.

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26

Musil, Carol M., Heather M. Rice, Mark Singer, Sarah E. Givens, Camille B. Warner, Jaclene A. Zauszniewski, Christopher J. Burant, Valerie B. Toly, and Alexandra B. Jeanblanc. "Grandchildren’s Depressive Symptoms and Perceptions of Family Functioning: Protective and Influencing Factors." Western Journal of Nursing Research 40, no. 9 (July 24, 2017): 1319–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0193945917721017.

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A recent increase in children living with grandparents places more children at increased risk for emotional, psychological, or behavioral problems. This study used the Resiliency Model of Family Stress, Adjustment, and Adaptation to examine how children’s living situation, parental monitoring, child’s resourcefulness, and perceived support affect depressive symptoms and perceived family functioning. Of participants, 36% ( n = 56) lived with their parents only, 44% ( n = 69) lived with a grandmother as their primary caregiver, and 20% ( n = 31) lived in a multigenerational household. Results indicate parental monitoring and support affected perceptions of family functioning. Subjective support and resourcefulness affected depressive symptoms. No effects were found from living situation and demographic factors. Resourcefulness had the strongest effect on depressive symptoms, with a 3-point decrease in symptoms for each incremental increase in resourcefulness. This study provides insight into factors influencing children’s depressive symptoms and perceived family functioning, and provides direction for the development of future interventions.
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López-Sepulcre, Andrés, Swanne P. Gordon, Ian G. Paterson, Paul Bentzen, and David N. Reznick. "Beyond lifetime reproductive success: the posthumous reproductive dynamics of male Trinidadian guppies." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 280, no. 1763 (July 22, 2013): 20131116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2013.1116.

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In semelparous populations, dormant germ banks (e.g. seeds) have been proposed as important in maintaining genotypes that are adaptive at different times in fluctuating environments. Such hidden storage of genetic diversity need not be exclusive to dormant banks. Genotype diversity may be preserved in many iteroparous animals through sperm-storage mechanisms in females. This allows males to reproduce posthumously and increase the effective sizes of seemingly female-biased populations. Although long-term sperm storage has been demonstrated in many organisms, the understanding of its importance in the wild is very poor. We here show the prevalence of male posthumous reproduction in wild Trinidadian guppies, through the combination of mark–recapture and pedigree analyses of a multigenerational individual-based dataset. A significant proportion of the reproductive population consisted of dead males, who could conceive up to 10 months after death (the maximum allowed by the length of the dataset), which is more than twice the estimated generation time. Demographic analysis shows that the fecundity of dead males can play an important role in population growth and selection.
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Chand, Masud. "Aging in South Asia: challenges and opportunities." South Asian Journal of Business Studies 7, no. 2 (June 4, 2018): 189–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sajbs-09-2017-0103.

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Purpose The countries that make up South Asia have young but rapidly aging populations. The purpose of this paper is to investigate some of the challenges that this rapid aging creates for societies and organizations in South Asia. It also points out how, properly managed, aging populations can create multiple opportunities for societies and organizations alike. Design/methodology/approach The paper uses secondary data about the aging situation globally. It pays special attention to the demographic situation in South Asian countries and uses as examples policies dealing with aging populations in other countries that have gone through demographic transitions in the recent past. Findings Aging populations are bringing about numerous challenges in the region, including rising costs for pensions and healthcare, higher dependency ratios, and changing family dynamics. South Asia will enjoy a one-time demographic dividend. Policy makers and managers need to put the right policies in place to ensure that they take maximum advantage of this opportunity. Research limitations/implications The study is based on secondary data. It is a perspectives piece and does not provide an in-depth study of the specific issues raised. Practical implications The study details how organizations can best manage this transition. This includes planning for a multigenerational workforce, providing accommodations for older workers, and fostering mentoring, knowledge transfer, cross-training and mixed-age work teams. Social implications This study analyzes some of the social issues that arise because of aging populations, such as the challenge of creating pension and healthcare systems, dealing with a rising old age dependency ratio, and dealing with a gradual transition to single-family households. Originality/value This is one of the first studies that look at the coming demographic transition in South Asia, and details some of the challenges and opportunities that arise both in terms of policies and managerial implications.
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BURHOLT, VANESSA, CHRISTINE DOBBS, and CHRISTINA VICTOR. "Social support networks of older migrants in England and Wales: the role of collectivist culture." Ageing and Society 38, no. 7 (February 27, 2017): 1453–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0144686x17000034.

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ABSTRACTThis article tests the fit of a social support network typology developed for collectivist cultures to six migrant populations living in England and Wales. We examine the predictive utility of the typology to identify networks most vulnerable to poor quality of life and loneliness. Variables representing network size, and the proportion of the network classified by gender, age, kin and proximity, were used in confirmatory and exploratory latent profile analysis to fit models to the data (N = 815; Black African, Black Caribbean, Indian, Pakistani, Bangladeshi and Chinese). Multinomial logistic regression examined associations between demographic variables and network types. Linear regression examined associations between network types and wellbeing outcomes. A four-profile model was selected.Multigenerational Household: Younger Familynetworks were most robust with lowest levels of loneliness and greatest quality of life.Restricted Non-kinnetworks were least robust.Multigenerational Household: Younger Familynetworks were most prevalent for all but the Black Caribbean migrants. The typology is able to differentiate between networks with multigenerational households and can help identify vulnerable networks. There are implications for forecasting formal services and variation in networks between cultures. The use of a culturally appropriate typology could impact on the credibility of gerontological research.
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Park, Hyunjoon, and Kuentae Kim. "The Legacy of Disadvantaged Origins: Blocked Social Mobility of Descendants of Nobi Great-Grandfathers in Korea (1765–1894)." Social Forces 98, no. 2 (February 26, 2019): 677–701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sf/soz011.

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AbstractDespite the emerging literature on multigenerational stratification beyond two-generation models, our understanding of how disadvantages are transmitted over multiple generations at the bottom of the socioeconomic hierarchy is limited, with the lack of data on the extremely disadvantaged. We fill this research gap by investigating the legacy of the nobi system, a system by which individuals were treated as property and owned by the government or private individuals, upon social mobility across four generations. The formal abolition of the nobi system in 1801 provides an opportunity to assess the extent to which nobi great-grandfathers still mattered for great-grandsons’ upward mobility, more than six decades after the dismantling of the system. Korean household registers, which were compiled every three years during 1765–1894 in two villages on Jeju Island and incorporated a variety of individual demographic and social status information, allow us to link families across generations. We identify the social status of adult males recorded in 1864–94 registers as well as that of their fathers, grandfathers, and great-grandfathers. Logistic regression results show that the odds of attaining high status were substantially lower for adult males whose great-grandfathers were nobis than for those whose great-grandfathers held high- or middle-status positions, even after controlling for the social statuses of fathers and grandfathers. Despite the abolition of the nobi system and the rapid expansion of high-status positions throughout the nineteenth century, the upward mobility of descendants of nobi great-grandfathers was considerably restricted, revealing the continuity of disadvantages over multiple generations.
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LIN, XIAOPING, CHRISTINA BRYANT, JENNIFER BOLDERO, and BRIONY DOW. "Older people's relationships with their adult children in multicultural Australia: a comparison of Australian-born people and Chinese immigrants." Ageing and Society 37, no. 10 (August 30, 2016): 2103–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0144686x16000829.

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ABSTRACTAgainst the background of population ageing and increasing cultural diversity in many Western countries, the study examined differences and similarities between Australian-born people and Chinese immigrants in their relationships with adult children. The specific research questions were: (a) are there differences between these groups in the nature of parent–child relationships; and (b) if there were differences, did these differences reflect the Confucian concept of filial piety among older Chinese immigrants. The solidarity–conflict model and the concept of ambivalence were used to quantify parent–child relationships. Data from 122 community-dwelling people aged 65 and over (60 Australian-born and 62 Chinese-born people) were collected using standardised interviews. There were significant differences between the two groups for all relationship dimensions except associative solidarity. Compared to Australian participants, Chinese participants were more likely to live with their children. However, when they did not live with their children, they lived further away. They were also more likely to receive, but less likely to provide, instrumental help. Finally, they reported higher levels of normative solidarity, conflict and ambivalence, and lower levels of affectual and consensual solidarity. The differences in solidarity dimensions persisted when socio-demographic variables were controlled for. The study revealed complex differences in the nature of older parent–child relationships between Australian-born people and Chinese immigrants. Some of these differences, such as more prevalent multigenerational living among older Chinese immigrants, likely reflect the strong influence of filial piety among this group. However, differences in other dimensions, such as lower levels of consensual solidarity, might be associated with the Chinese participants’ experience as immigrants. This study also highlights the usefulness of the solidarity–conflict model as a theoretical framework to understand the nature of parent–child relationships among older Chinese immigrants.
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Munden-Dixon, Kate, Kenneth Tate, Bethany Cutts, and Leslie Roche. "An uncertain future: climate resilience of first-generation ranchers." Rangeland Journal 41, no. 3 (2019): 189. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj18023.

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Policymakers and scholars agree that the aging and declining number of ranchers is a serious problem for the future of ranching and range management. Studies show that recruiting and retaining new ranchers is difficult due to a complex mix of start-up costs, knowledge and skill requirements, and regulatory barriers. While research suggests that first-generation farmers are different demographically and require individualised information, there is limited research on first-generation ranchers (FGRs); at best they are generalised as beginning farmers in research and outreach programs. This is surprising given ranchers’ unique knowledge requirements relating to the production of food and fibre, and the management of vast areas of public and private land. Based on a rangeland decision-making survey of 507 California Cattlemen’s Association members, this paper examines similarities and divergences in socioeconomic factors, management practices, drought adaptation strategies, information needs, and values between FGRs and multigenerational ranchers (MGRs). Survey results indicate FGRs and MGRs are not statistically different demographically and have similar values; however, key differences include FGRs using fewer information sources about ranching, fewer general management practices, and fewer drought adaptation practices. FGRs are also more susceptible to drought, and are underserved by organisations. Their vulnerability is particularly concerning, as many have limited drought experience, are more likely to take risks, and are less likely to find value and/or participate in ranching organisations. The future of rangelands requires that organisations interested in conserving rangelands and supporting ranchers re-evaluate assumptions about why FGRs and MGRs have different information needs beyond simplistic demographic identity, and instead focus on their affinity as FGRs in order to understand the complexity of the processes underlying these differences. We end with suggestions for a research agenda to support the climate resiliency of FGRs and increase the efficacy of support organisations.
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Jain, Vivek, Lillian B. Brown, Carina Marquez, Luis Rubio, Natasha Spottiswoode, Bethlehem Churnet, Katherine Brooks, et al. "448. Disproportionate Burden of COVID-19 on Latinx Residents among Hospitalized Patients at San Francisco’s Public Health Hospital." Open Forum Infectious Diseases 7, Supplement_1 (October 1, 2020): S292. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofaa439.641.

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Abstract Background San Francisco implemented one of the earliest shelter-in-place public health mandates in the U.S., with flattened curves of diagnoses and deaths. We describe demographics, clinical features and outcomes of COVID-19 patients admitted to a public health hospital in a high population-density city with an early containment response. Methods We analyzed inpatients with COVID-19 admitted to San Francisco General Hospital (SFGH) from 3/5/2020–5/11/2020. SFGH serves a network of >63,000 patients (32% Latinx/24% Asian/19% African American/19% Caucasian). Demographic and clinical data through 5/18/2020 were abstracted from hospital records, along with ICU and ventilator utilization, lengths of stay, and in-hospital deaths. Results Of 157 admitted patients, 105/157 (67%) were male, median age was 49 (range 19-96y), and 127/157 (81%) of patients with COVID-19 were Latinx. Crowded living conditions were common: 60/157 (38%) lived in multi-family shared housing, 12/1578 (8%) with multigenerational families, and 8/157 (5%) were homeless living in shelters. Of 102 patients with ascertained occupations, most had frontline essential jobs: 23% food service, 14% construction/home maintenance, and 10% cleaning. Overall, 86/157 (55%) of patients lived in neighborhoods home to majority Latinx and African-American populations. Overall, 45/157 (29%) of patients needed ICU care, and 26/157 (17%) required mechanical ventilation; 20/26 (77%) of ventilated patients were successfully extubated, and 137/157 (87%) were discharged home. Median hospitalization duration was 4 days (IQR, 2–10), and only 6/157 (4%) patients died in hospital. Conclusion In San Francisco, where early COVID-19 mitigation was enacted, we report a stark, disproportionate COVID-19 burden on Latinx patients, who accounted for 81% of hospitalizations despite making up only 32% of the patient base and 15% of San Francisco’s total population. Latinx inpatients frequently lived in high-density settings, increasing household risk, and frequently worked essential jobs, potentially limiting the opportunity to effectively distance from others. We also report here favorable clinical outcomes and low overall mortality. However, an effective COVID-19 response must urgently address racial and ethnic disparities. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures
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34

Hiyoshi, Ayako, Lisa Berg, Alessandra Grotta, Ylva Almquist, and Mikael Rostila. "Parental death in childhood and pathways to increased mortality across the life course in Stockholm, Sweden: A cohort study." PLOS Medicine 18, no. 3 (March 11, 2021): e1003549. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1003549.

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BackgroundPrevious studies have shown that the experience of parental death during childhood is associated with increased mortality risk. However, few studies have examined potential pathways that may explain these findings. The aim of this study is to examine whether familial and behavioural factors during adolescence and socioeconomic disadvantages in early adulthood mediate the association between loss of a parent at age 0 to 12 and all-cause mortality by the age of 63.Methods and findingsA cohort study was conducted using data from the Stockholm Birth Cohort Multigenerational Study for 12,615 children born in 1953, with information covering 1953 to 2016. Familial and behavioural factors at age 13 to 19 included psychiatric and alcohol problems in the surviving parent, receipt of social assistance, and delinquent behaviour in the offspring. Socioeconomic disadvantage in early adulthood included educational attainment, occupational social class, and income at age 27 to 37. We used Cox proportional hazard regression models, combined with a multimediator analysis, to separate direct and indirect effects of parental death on all-cause mortality.Among the 12,582 offspring in the study (men 51%; women 49%), about 3% experienced the death of a parent in childhood. During follow-up from the age of 38 to 63, there were 935 deaths among offspring. Parental death was associated with an elevated risk of mortality after adjusting for demographic and household socioeconomic characteristics at birth (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.52 [95% confidence interval: 1.10 to 2.08,p-value = 0.010]). Delinquent behaviour in adolescence and income during early adulthood were the most influential mediators, and the indirect associations through these variables were HR 1.03 (1.00 to 1.06, 0.029) and HR 1.04 (1.01 to 1.07, 0.029), respectively. After accounting for these indirect paths, the direct path was attenuated to HR 1.35 (0.98 to 1.85, 0.066). The limitations of the study include that the associations may be partly due to genetic, social, and behavioural residual confounding, that statistical power was low in some of the subgroup analyses, and that there might be other relevant paths that were not investigated in the present study.ConclusionsOur findings from this cohort study suggest that childhood parental death is associated with increased mortality and that the association was mediated through a chain of disadvantages over the life course including delinquency in adolescence and lower income during early adulthood. Professionals working with bereaved children should take the higher mortality risk in bereaved offspring into account and consider its lifelong consequences. When planning and providing support to bereaved children, it may be particularly important to be aware of their increased susceptibility to delinquency and socioeconomic vulnerability that eventually lead to higher mortality.
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35

Song, Xi. "Multigenerational Social Mobility: A Demographic Approach." Sociological Methodology, December 8, 2020, 008117502097305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0081175020973054.

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Most social mobility studies take a two-generation perspective, in which intergenerational relationships are represented by the association between parents’ and offspring’s socioeconomic status. This approach, although widely adopted in the literature, has serious limitations when more than two generations of families are considered. In particular, it ignores the role of families’ demographic behaviors in moderating mobility outcomes and the joint role of mobility and demography in shaping long-run family and population processes. This article provides a demographic approach to the study of multigenerational social mobility, incorporating demographic mechanisms of births, deaths, and mating into statistical models of social mobility. Compared with previous mobility models for estimating the probability of offspring’s mobility conditional on parent’s social class, the proposed joint demography-mobility model treats the number of offspring in various social classes as the outcome of interest. This new approach shows the extent to which demographic processes may amplify or dampen the effects of family socioeconomic positions because of the direction and strength of the interaction between mobility and differentials in demographic behaviors. The author illustrates various demographic methods for studying multigenerational mobility with empirical examples using the IPUMS linked historical U.S. census representative samples (1850–1930), the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (1968–2015), and simulation data that show other possible scenarios resulting from demography-mobility interactions.
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36

Betini, Gustavo S., Andrew G. McAdam, Cortland K. Griswold, and D. Ryan Norris. "A fitness trade-off between seasons causes multigenerational cycles in phenotype and population size." eLife 6 (February 6, 2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/elife.18770.

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Although seasonality is widespread and can cause fluctuations in the intensity and direction of natural selection, we have little information about the consequences of seasonal fitness trade-offs for population dynamics. Here we exposed populations of Drosophila melanogaster to repeated seasonal changes in resources across 58 generations and used experimental and mathematical approaches to investigate how viability selection on body size in the non-breeding season could affect demography. We show that opposing seasonal episodes of natural selection on body size interacted with both direct and delayed density dependence to cause populations to undergo predictable multigenerational density cycles. Our results provide evidence that seasonality can set the conditions for life-history trade-offs and density dependence, which can, in turn, interact to cause multigenerational population cycles.
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Földes, Ionuț. "Linked Lives across Borders: Economic Remittances to Ageing Parents in Romania." Comparative Population Studies 45 (February 18, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.12765/cpos-2020-03.

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Economic support is widespread among multigenerational Romanian family units separated by national borders and plays an important role for non-migrating family members. From a political economy perspective, remittances are characteristic of such long-term kin networks, which in turn are shaped by socio-structural contexts. This study aims to analyse transfers of remittances in cash and in kind from emigrant Romanian adult children to elderly parents back home. Both forms of upward support are investigated under the lens of family practices across distance. Data from a survey (Intergenerational solidarity in the context of work migration abroad. The situation of elderly left at home) are used to examine the influence on remittances of family commitments over time and of needs and opportunities. The sample includes 2109 parent-child dyads with data provided by elderly parents from all regions of Romania. Results of the logistic regression models show that stronger familial commitments increase the likelihood of remittances in cash and remittances in kind. Findings indicate the importance of filial support before migration and of various forms of intergenerational reciprocity. Our results stress that remittances in cash are more likely to be variable compared with remittances in kind. Both forms of support are part of a much broader set of family practices and intergenerational relationships but express different understandings of filial responsibility.
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Bayrakdar, Sait, and Ayse Guveli. "Understanding the benefits of migration: multigenerational transmission, gender and educational outcomes of Turks in Europe." Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, March 17, 2020, 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1369183x.2020.1736531.

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39

Setiyani, Rahmi, Made Sumarwati, and Dian Ramawati. "Future Living Arrangement for Aging Parents and Its Associated Factors." Jurnal Keperawatan Soedirman 14, no. 3 (November 25, 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.20884/1.jks.2019.14.3.1196.

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Background: Shift in demographic structure in Indonesia has raised concern over number of issues, including change in living arrangement of older people. Objectives: The purpose of this study is to examine adult children’s choice of future living arrangement for elderly parent and its associated factors. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted among 300 young adults in Central Java, Indonesia. Descriptive statistics, Chi-Square and Fisher exact test were used to analyze the data. Results: Majority of respondents (97.3%) preferred parents to live at home, in multi-generational household with children and/or grandchildren (84.5%) in their old age. The choice was significantly influenced by children gender, marital status of parent, and family type (p=0.00; p=0.05, and p=0.05 respectively). Conclusions: In certain circumstances, living in multigenerational household still became a favorable option of living arrangement for elderly parents. Children gender, parent’s marital status and family type were likely to influence the choice. Further researches are needed to investigate which best living arrangement that support older people well-being.
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40

Pehlivan, Serkan. "Role of host diet on the fitness of the egg parasitoid species, Trichogramma evanescens Westwood (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae)." Egyptian Journal of Biological Pest Control 31, no. 1 (January 5, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s41938-020-00353-7.

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Abstract Background Egg parasitoids belonging to the genus Trichogramma (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) are important natural enemies that have been successfully used in biological control programs and mostly reared on the Mediterranean flour moth, Ephestia kuehniella (Zeller) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). Host quality is a crucial factor that can determine parasitoid fitness. Main body Laboratory studies were carried out to evaluate the effects of 3 different larval diets CY diet (95% cornmeal + 5% yeast), CBGY diet (53.3% cornmeal + 26.7% wheat bran + 15% glycerine + 5% yeast), and WBGY diet (53.3% wheat flour + 26.7% wheat bran + 15% glycerine + 5% yeast) on some demographic parameters of E. kuehniella. Moreover, the performance of the species Trichogramma evanescens Westwood reared on the E. kuehniella eggs reared on the 3 artificial diets were determined. For the E. kuehniella rearing, the CY diet had a higher fecundity and greater emergence ratios. Nevertheless, CY diet also provided shorter developmental time, greater fecundity, and relatively higher female ratios of subsequent generations of the parasitoids. Conclusion The results suggest that the CY diet could be considered as a standard diet for the multigenerational rearing of T. evanescens.
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O'Hara, Amy, Katie Genadek, Carla Medalia, and Trent Alexander. "Reconciling Parent-Child Relationships across US Administrative Datasets." International Journal of Population Data Science 3, no. 4 (September 5, 2018). http://dx.doi.org/10.23889/ijpds.v3i4.864.

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IntroductionPopulation data capture children, parents, relatives, and others moving in and out of households. The U.S. has seen falling marriage rates, and increases in multigenerational households and complex families, young children living with grandparents, and adult children living with parents. Robust parent-child linkages are critical to understand these demographic shifts. Objectives and ApproachWe construct and validate parent-child linkages over a century to observe how U.S. households are changing over time. The three largest person-based datafiles in the U.S. are the decennial censuses, the Social Security Administration transaction file, and individual tax returns from the Internal Revenue Service. These sources operationalize relationships differently, capture data at various frequencies, and gather the data for unique purposes. We use probabilistic matching to observe and reconcile parent-child relationships across these sources. The data include a variety of personal identifiers including name, date of birth, parents’ names, address, and place of birth that support matching and validation. ResultsWe find that understanding the content, consistency, and coverage of the files before matching is critical for high quality linkages. The representativeness of the parent-child relationship file improves over time, with the weakest coverage for the Greatest Generation and the strongest coverage for Millennials. Coverage varies by source: tax data underrepresent non-white children and have duplicate records for SSNs, while names and dates of birth are missing from Census data. Multiple match rates differ among demographic groups and over time. In the matching process, the blocking variables rely on common variables across the population datasets. Our approach provides robust entity resolution for women, despite married-maiden name changes. We describe challenges due to data problems in old census records and validation changes in social security data. Conclusion/ImplicationsWe conduct a successful reconciliation of parent-child relationships in U.S. population level files. The project supports operational and research uses, such as the 2020 Census. We will extend this work using graph matching and will expand the method to validate other relationship links including spouses and siblings.
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Raslie, Humaira. "Gen Y and Gen Z Communication Style." Studies of Applied Economics 39, no. 1 (February 10, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.25115/eea.v39i1.4268.

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Communication style plays a crucial role in managing the multigenerational ecosystem of the present world. This study examined the communication style of Gen Y and Gen Z. The participants were 311 youth (Gen Y, 68; Gen Z, 243). The questionnaire on communication style was developed based on Hartman and McCambridge (2011). The online survey was conducted from 6 April 2020 to 11 May 2020 by distributing the questionnaire link to people who were in the Gen Y and Gen Z age groups. The results showed that both groups were similar in their general characteristics, which included preferences for group-work, affirmation, clear rules, and for their opinions to be valued. They liked face-to-face communication, and using visuals for online communication. There were significant differences in some of their study and work habits, that is, the Gen Y are better than Gen Z at analysing information obtained from the Internet, and handling a lot of work at one time, whereas Gen Z expected more instantaneous feedback than Gen Y. As for communication style, they were amiable communicators who were low on assertiveness, prioritised relationship over task in task completion, and had a slow-paced communication style. The results showed that Gen Y and Gen Z had some style-typing ability, whereby they compared their communication style with their peers. More practised style-flexing, as in fitting their communication to the target group but Gen Y had a stronger information-focus. Their demographic background (gender, ethnic group, socio-economic status) did not influence their communication style, indicating the stronger influence of their generational cohort. The study suggests that employers who require goal-oriented communication need to make their expectations clear to Gen Y and Gen Z employees.
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43

Smith, Ken, and Alison Fraser. "If You Link It They Will Come, If They Like It They Will Stay: The Utah Population Database as a Model for Creating a Confidential Linked Population Health Research Registry." International Journal of Population Data Science 3, no. 4 (September 11, 2018). http://dx.doi.org/10.23889/ijpds.v3i4.1015.

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IntroductionThere is increasing demand for so-called big data for a range of uses. One of the challenges is the method by which these data are obtained, the identiers used for record linking, how they are linked, and the secure manner by which researchers may use these data ethically. Objectives and ApproachThe Utah Population Database (UPDB) has a long history of linking records derived from genealogies, death/birth certificates, medical diagnoses, and census records. This infrastructure offers a unique resource for genetic, public health, geographic and demographic investigations. The UPDB now holds information on 11 million individuals linked into multigenerational pedigrees. New data opportunities have arisen that provide value added to UPDB but that raise important infrastructure and privacy issues. This presentation will provide details and strategies for dealing with new challenges of adding new and complex sources of data. ResultsThe record linking and data security measures developed for the construction of the UPDB, we suggest, is a model for other states and provinces. The ability for UPDB to obtain, store, link and dispense a diverse set of data at the individual and genealogical level for the research community for over forty years suggests that it has elements that are potentially replicable for other locations. The development of a unique and independent regulatory body, the Resource for Genetic and Epidemiologic Research (RGE), which oversees access to UPDB data, speaks to this as a model for protecting the confidentiality of the data while enhancing secure to researchers. We show the technical, statistical, legal and regulatory methods that have provided data for nearly 300 distinct health-related studies. Conclusion/ImplicationsThis study demonstrates how the careful and consistent application of secure data management and regulatory oversight allows for the development of the UPDB and its ability to link diverse data sources for the research community. The legal and administrative strategies used serve as a model for other states and provinces.
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Ye, Yisheng, Ruijun Wu, Yao Ge, Tao Wang, Xin Yao, Yao Yang, Chengxu Long, Fangfei Chen, Shangfeng Tang, and Rui Huang. "Preventive behaviours and family inequalities during the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study in China." Infectious Diseases of Poverty 10, no. 1 (July 20, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40249-021-00884-7.

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Abstract Background The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is an international public health threat, and people's participation in disease-related preventive behaviours is the key to controlling infectious diseases. This study aimed to assess the differences in adopting preventive behaviours among populations to explore potential individual and household factors and inequalities within families. Methods This online survey was conducted in April 2020. The directional stratified convenient sampling method was used to select 4704 participants from eight provinces in eastern, central, and western China. The questionnaire included demographic information, household variables, and five target prevention behaviours. The chi-squared test, binary multilevel model, and Mantel–Haenszel hierarchical analysis were used for data analysis in the study. Results Approximately 71.2% of the participants had appropriate outdoor prevention, and 32.9% of the participants had indoor protection in place. Sharing behaviours (P < 0.001) and education level (P < 0.001) were positively associated with adopting preventive measures. The inhibiting effect of household crowding and stimulating effect of high household income on preventive behaviours were determined in this study. Household size was negatively associated with living area (β = -0.057, P < 0.05) and living style (β = -0.077, P < 0.05). Household income was positively associated with age (β = 0.023, P < 0.05), and relationship with friends (β = 0.053, P < 0.05). Vulnerable groups, such as older adults or women, are more likely to have inadequate preventive behaviours. Older adults (OR = 1.53, 95% CI 1.09–2.15), women (OR = 1.37, 95% CI 1.15–1.64), and those with more than 2 suspected symptoms (OR = 1.85, 95% CI 1.07–3.19) were more likely to be affected by the inhibiting effect of household crowding, while the stimulating effect of high household income was limited in these groups. Conclusions Inequalities in COVID-19 prevention behaviours exist between families and inadequate adoption of prevention by vulnerable groups are noteworthy. This study expands the research perspective by emphasizing the role of household factors in preventive behaviours and by focusing on family inequalities. The government should use traditional media as a platform to enhance residents’ public health knowledge. Targeted additional wage subsidies, investments in affordable housing, financial support for multigenerational households, and temporary relocation policies may deserve more attention. Communities could play a critical role in COVID-19 prevention. Graphical abstract
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