Journal articles: 'Multilayer film coating'

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Tian, Jun, and Zi Qiong Shi. "PVD Preparation Process of (TiN + CrN) / CrAlN Superhard Nanocomposite Multilayer Coatings." Advanced Materials Research 568 (September 2012): 368–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.568.368.

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In this study, multi-source multi-target evaporation-sputtering PVD technology to prepare (TiN + CrN) / CrAlN nanocomposite multilayers, accurate modulation of the composition and structure of the coating can effectively reduce the stress in the coating in order to achieve (TiN + CrN) / CrAlN nano-composite multilayer dielectric films optimized design, to reach a good overall performance. (TiN + CrN) / CrAlN superhard nanocomposite multilayer coatings on the surface of tools and molds with carbide and high-speed tool steel materials, followed by the TiN film; (TiN + CrN) film, in the TiN relative content in the layer accounted for 55-65% , CrN relative content for 35-45%; gradient (CrxAl1-x) N-film, x = 0-0.5; structure of TiN / (TiN + CrN) / CrAlN superhardnano-composite multi-layer coating.

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Etienne, O., C. Picart, C. Taddei, P. Keller, E. Hubsch, P. Schaaf, J. C. Voegel, Y. Haikel, J. A. Ogier, and C. Egles. "Polyelectrolyte Multilayer Film Coating and Stability at the Surfaces of Oral Prosthesis Base Polymers: an in vitro and in vivo Study." Journal of Dental Research 85, no. 1 (January 2006): 44–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154405910608500107.

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A new type of coating involving a layer-by-layer technique has been recently reported. This coating is composed of a polyelectrolyte multilayer film that confers specific properties on surfaces to which it is applied. Here, we studied the applicability of such a technique to the coating of oral prostheses, by first testing the construction of polyelectrolyte multilayer films on several polymers used in oral prosthesis bases, and, subsequently, by studying the stability of these coatings in vitro, in human saliva, and in vivo in a rat model. We demonstrated that the multilayered films are able to coat the surfaces of all tested polymers completely, thus increasing their wettability. We also showed that saliva does not degrade the film after 7 days in vitro and after 4 days in vivo. Taken together, our results establish that the layer-by-layer technique is suitable for the coating of oral devices.

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Suzuki, Ryo, Shinji Ishihara, Mitsuru Ohtake, and Masaaki Futamoto. "Fabrication of Tips for Magnetic Force Microscopy Employing Magnetic Multilayer Structures." Key Engineering Materials 605 (April 2014): 465–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.605.465.

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Magnetic force microscope (MFM) tips are prepared by coating Si tips of 4 nm radius with [Co (1 nm)/M(1 nm)]20 (M = Pt, Pd, Ni) multilayer films. An MFM tip prepared by coating 40-nm-thick Co film is employed as a reference tip. The influences of M layer material on the spatial resolution and the switching field of MFM tip are investigated. The spatial resolutions of Co/M multilayer coated tips are estimated to be within 9.4 ± 0.3 nm for all the M materials, which is about 6% inferior to that of Co coated tip (8.8 nm). Higher switching fields of 1425 and 825 Oe are respectively observed for the tips coated with Co/Pt and Co/Pd multilayers, whereas the field of tip coated with Co/Ni multilayer is 275 Oe which is similar to that of Co coated tip (325 Oe). The switching field is influenced by the magnetic anisotropy of multilayer film. An MFM tip coated with Co/Pt multilayer film is useful to observe the magnetic domain structure of permanent magnets and magnetic recording media.

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Figueroa-Lopez, Kelly, Sergio Torres-Giner, Inmaculada Angulo, Maria Pardo-Figuerez, Jose Escuin, Ana Bourbon, Luis Cabedo, Yuval Nevo, Miguel Cerqueira, and Jose Lagaron. "Development of Active Barrier Multilayer Films Based on Electrospun Antimicrobial Hot-Tack Food Waste Derived Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) and Cellulose Nanocrystal Interlayers." Nanomaterials 10, no. 12 (November 27, 2020): 2356. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano10122356.

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Active multilayer films based on polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) with and without high barrier coatings of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) were herein successfully developed. To this end, an electrospun antimicrobial hot-tack layer made of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) derived from cheese whey, a by-product from the dairy industry, was deposited on a previously manufactured blown film of commercial food contact PHA-based resin. A hybrid combination of oregano essential oil (OEO) and zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) were incorporated during the electrospinning process into the PHBV nanofibers at 2.5 and 2.25 wt%, respectively, in order to provide antimicrobial properties. A barrier CNC coating was also applied by casting from an aqueous solution of nanocellulose at 2 wt% using a rod at 1m/min. The whole multilayer structure was thereafter assembled in a pilot roll-to-roll laminating system, where the blown PHA-based film was located as the outer layers while the electrospun antimicrobial hot-tack PHBV layer and the barrier CNC coating were placed as interlayers. The resultant multilayer films, having a final thickness in the 130–150 µm range, were characterized to ascertain their potential in biodegradable food packaging. The multilayers showed contact transparency, interlayer adhesion, improved barrier to water and limonene vapors, and intermediate mechanical performance. Moreover, the films presented high antimicrobial and antioxidant activities in both open and closed systems for up to 15 days. Finally, the food safety of the multilayers was assessed by migration and cytotoxicity tests, demonstrating that the films are safe to use in both alcoholic and acid food simulants and they are also not cytotoxic for Caco-2 cells.

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Xu, Siyuan, Hongbao Jia, Chunyang Wang, Wenping Zhao, Ying Wang, Chunming Yang, Henan Wu, Jiang Zhu, Biao Wang, and Qian Wang. "Low-Temperature Preparation of SiO2/Nb2O5/TiO2–SiO2 Broadband Antireflective Coating for the Visible via Acid-Catalyzed Sol–Gel Method." Coatings 10, no. 8 (July 28, 2020): 737. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings10080737.

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Multilayer broadband antireflective (AR) coatings consisting of porous layers usually suffers poor functional durability. Based on a quarter-half-quarter multilayer structure, AR coatings with dense SiO2 film as the top layer are designed, and refractive index for each layer is optimized. After heat-treated at only 150 °C, refractive index of Nb2O5 film reaches to 2.072 (at 550 nm), which can meet design requirements of the middle layer. TiO2–SiO2 composites with controllable refractive indices are selected to be used as the bottom layer. The obtained triple-layer AR coating presents excellent performance, and the average transmittance at 400–800 nm attains 98.41%. Dense layers endow the multilayer structure good abrasion-resistance, and hexamethyldisilazane is further used to modify the surface of the AR coating, which can greatly improve the hydrophobicity of the coating. The proposed triple-layer broadband AR coating has potential value in practical applications of sol–gel deposition.

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Schumm, Benjamin, Thomas Abendroth, Saleh A. Alajlan, Ahmed M. Almogbel, Holger Althues, Paul Härtel, Gerrit Mäder, and Stefan Kaskel. "Combination of Zinc Oxide and Antimony Doped Tin Oxide Nanocoatings for Glazing Application." Coatings 8, no. 7 (July 12, 2018): 248. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings8070248.

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Multilayered nanocoatings allow outstanding properties with broad potential for glazing applications. Here, we report on the development of a multilayer nanocoating for zinc oxide (ZnO) and antimony doped tin oxide (ATO). The combination of ZnO and ATO thin films with their promising optical properties is a cost-efficient alternative for the production of energy-efficient glazing. It is an effective modification of the building envelope to reduce current high domestic demand of electrical power for air conditioning, especially in hot climates like Saudi Arabia. In this paper, we report the development of a nanocoating based on the combination of ZnO and ATO. Principle material and film investigations were carried out on lab-scale by dip coating with chemical solution deposition (CSD), while with regard to production processes, chemical vapor deposition (CVD) processes were evaluated in a second stage of the film development. It was found that with both processes, high-quality thin films and multilayer coatings with outstanding optical properties can be prepared. While keeping the optical transmission in the visible range at around 80%, only 10% of the NIR (near infrared) and below 1% of UV (ultraviolet) light passes these coatings. However, in contrast to CSD, the CVD process allows a free combination of the multilayer film sequence, which is of high relevance for production processes. Furthermore, it can be potentially integrated in float glass production lines.

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Fox-Rabinovitch, Guerman, Goulnara Dosbaeva, Anatoly Kovalev, Iosif Gershman, Kenji Yamamoto, Edinei Locks, Jose Paiva, Egor Konovalov, and Stephen Veldhuis. "Enhancement of Multi-Scale Self-Organization Processes during Inconel DA 718 Machining through the Optimization of TiAlCrSiN/TiAlCrN Bi-Nano-Multilayer Coating Characteristics." Materials 15, no. 4 (February 11, 2022): 1329. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15041329.

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Optimization of the composition of a new generation of bi-nano-multilayered TiAlCrSiN/TiAlCrN-based coatings is outlined in this study for the machining of direct aged (DA) Inconel 718 alloy. Three types of TiAlCrSiN/TiAlCrN-based bi-nano-multi-layer coatings with varying chemical compositions were investigated: (1) a previous state-of-the-art Ti0.2Al0.55Cr0.2Si0.03Y0.02N/Ti0.25Al0.65Cr0.1N (coating A); (2) Ti0.2Al0.52Cr0.2Si0.08N/Ti0.25Al0.65Cr0.1N with increased amount of Si (up to 8 at.%; coating B); (3) a new Ti0.18Al0.55Cr0.17Si0.05Y0.05N/Ti0.25Al0.65Cr0.1N coating (coating C) with an increased amount of both Si and Y (up to 5 at.% each). The structure of each coating was evaluated by XRD analysis. Micro-mechanical characteristics were investigated using a MicroMaterials NanoTest system and an Anton Paar-RST3 tester. The wear performance of nano-multilayered TiAlCrSiN/TiAlCrN-based coatings was evaluated during the finish turning of direct aged (DA) Inconel 718 alloy. The wear patterns were assessed using optical microscopy imaging. The tribological performance was evaluated through (a) a detailed chip characteristic study and (b) XPS studies of the worn surface of the coated cutting tool. The difference in tribological performance was found to correspond with the type and amount of tribo-films formed on the friction surface under operation. Simultaneous formation of various thermal barrier tribo-films, such as sapphire, mullite, and garnet, was observed. The overall amount of beneficial tribo-films was found to be greater in the new Ti0.18Al0.55Cr0.17Si 0.05Y0.05N/Ti0.25Al0.65Cr0.1N nano-bi-multilayer coating (coating C) than in the previous state-of-the-art coatings (A and B). This resulted in over two-fold improvement of this coating’s tool life compared with those of the commercial benchmark AlTiN coating and coating B, as well as a 40% improvement of the tool life of the previous state-of-the-art coating A. Multi-scale self-organization processes were observed: nano-scale tribo-film formation on the cutting tool surface combined with micro-scale generation of strain-induced martensite zones as a result of intensive metal flow during chip formation. Both of these processes are strongly enhanced in the newly developed coating C.

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Sydow, Steffen, Armin Aniol, Christoph Hadler, and Henning Menzel. "Chitosan–Azide Nanoparticle Coating as a Degradation Barrier in Multilayered Polyelectrolyte Drug Delivery Systems." Biomolecules 9, no. 10 (October 5, 2019): 573. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom9100573.

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Therapeutics, proteins or drugs, can be encapsulated into multilayer systems prepared from chitosan (CS)/tripolyphosphat (TPP) nanogels and polyanions. Such multilayers can be built-up by Layer-by-Layer (LbL) deposition. For use as drug-releasing implant coating, these multilayers must meet high requirements in terms of stability. Therefore, photochemically crosslinkable chitosan arylazide (CS–Az) was synthesized and nanoparticles were generated by ionotropic gelation with TPP. The particles were characterized with regard to particle size and stability and were used to form the top-layer in multilayer films consisting of CS–TPP and three different polysaccharides as polyanions, namely alginate, chondroitin sulfate or hyaluronic acid, respectively. Subsequently, photo-crosslinking was performed by irradiation with UV light. The stability of these films was investigated under physiological conditions and the influence of the blocking layer on layer thickness was investigated by ellipsometry. Furthermore, the polyanion and the degree of acetylation (DA) of chitosan were identified as additional parameters that influence the film structure and stability. Multilayer systems blocked with the photo-crosslinked chitosan arylazide showed enhanced stability against degradation.

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Caruso, Ricardo, Antonio Di´az-Parralejo, Pedro Miranda, and Fernando Guiberteau. "Controlled preparation and characterization of multilayer sol-gel zirconia dip-coatings." Journal of Materials Research 16, no. 8 (August 2001): 2391–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2001.0328.

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We describe a method for controlled preparation of sol-gel ceramic multilayer coatings obtained by dip-coating. The proposed fabrication routine guarantees obtaining crack-free multilayer coatings with control of the thickness and porosity of individual layers. The procedure is applied to obtain a 10-layer ZrO2–3 mol% Y2O3 coating deposited on AISI 310 stainless steel. The microstructure of this coating was investigated by using x-ray powder diffractometry and atomic force microscopy, and special consideration was given to the mechanical characterization of this thin film using ultramicrohardness indentation tests. Our results suggest that these zirconia coatings have good properties for use as protection barriers. Implications concerning general tailoring design of sol-gel dip-coatings are also considered.

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VENTRESCA, DON, and GREG WELSCH. "Multifunctional barrier coating systems created by multilayer curtain coating." November 2020 19, no. 11 (December 1, 2020): 561–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.32964/tj19.11.561.

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Functional coatings are applied to paper and paperboard substrates to provide resistance, or a barrier, against media such as oil and grease (OGR), water, water vapor as measured by moisture vapor transmission rate (MVTR), and oxygen, for applications such as food packaging, food service, and other non-food packaging. Typical functional barrier coatings can be created by applying a solid coating or extruded film, a solvent based-coating, or a water-based coating to the paper substrate using various means of coating applicators. This paper focuses on water-based barrier coatings (WBBC) for OGR, water, MVTR, and oxygen barriers. The main goal was to create coated systems that can achieve more than one barrier property using multilayer curtain coating (MLCC). Curtain coating has emerged as the premier low-impact application method for coated paper and paperboard. This paper provides examples using MLCC to create coating structures that provide multiple barrier properties in a single coating step. Barrier polymer systems studied include styrene butadiene, styrene acrylate, vinyl acrylic, and natural materials, as well as proprietary additives where required to give desired performance. The paper also shows how the specific coating layers can be optimized to produce the desired property profile, without concern for blocking, as the addition of a non-blocking top layer can be applied in the MLCC structure as well. Experiments on base sheet types also shows the importance of applying the multilayer structure on a pre-coated surface in order to improve coating thickness consistency and potentially allow for the reduction of more expensive layer components.

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Nikityuk, I. E., V. V. Petrash, and V. A. Kubasov. "Use of Multilayer Thin-Film Coatings for Complete Restoration of Integument in Its Deep Damage (Experimental Study)." N.N. Priorov Journal of Traumatology and Orthopedics 19, no. 2 (June 15, 2012): 65–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/vto20120265-70.

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The effect of multilayer thin-film wound coatings upon regeneration of skin in its deep damage was studied 18 Chinchilla rabbits. Full-layer skin wounds 40 x 40 mm were inflicted on the back of the animals. In experimental group of animals the wounds were closed by multilayer coatings consisting of 50 aluminum metalized lavsan films. In control group one layer coating with thin aluminum plate was used. In all control animals the pyonecrotic wound processes developed within 1 — 2 weeks after intervention. In experimental rabbits the wound healing process showed no clinical signs of inflammation. In 6 weeks a full value regenerate in the zone of deep skin damage was formed. Its thickness and structure was typical of normal skin. Principle of multilayer coatings is perspective for the elaboration of coatings at treatment of deep and small wounds of various etiology when high quality of dermal regenerate is required.

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You, Yu, Akihiko Ito, Rong Tu, and Takashi Goto. "Preparation of α-Al₂O₃/TiN Multilayer Coating on Ti(C,N)-Based Cermet by Laser CVD." Key Engineering Materials 484 (July 2011): 188–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.484.188.

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α-Al2O3 and α-Al2O3/TiN multilayer films were prepared on Ti(C,N)-based cermet substrate by laser chemical vapor deposition.α-Al2O3 and NaCl-type TiN films were prepared at Tdep = 1148 K. α-Al2O3/TiN multilayer film showed dense structure of cross section, and its surface morphology consisted of aggregated spherical grains. The adhesion of α-Al2O3/TiN multilayer film prepared on Ti(C,N)-based cermet was higher as compared with α-Al2O3 film directly prepared on the cermet.

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Kruk, Tomasz, Monika Bzowska, Alicja Hinz, Michał Szuwarzyński, and Krzysztof Szczepanowicz. "Control of Specific/Nonspecific Protein Adsorption: Functionalization of Polyelectrolyte Multilayer Films as a Potential Coating for Biosensors." Materials 14, no. 24 (December 11, 2021): 7629. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14247629.

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Control of nonspecific/specific protein adsorption is the main goal in the design of novel biomaterials, implants, drug delivery systems, and sensors. The specific functionalization of biomaterials can be achieved by proper surface modification. One of the important strategies is covering the materials with functional coatings. Therefore, our work aimed to functionalize multilayer coating to control nonspecific/specific protein adsorption. The polyelectrolyte coating was formed using a layer-by-layer technique (LbL) with biocompatible polyelectrolytes poly-L-lysine hydrobromide (PLL) and poly-L-glutamic acid (PGA). Nonspecific protein adsorption was minimized/eliminated by pegylation of multilayer films, which was achieved by adsorption of pegylated polycations (PLL-g-PEG). The influence of poly (ethylene glycol) chain length on eliminating nonspecific protein adsorption was confirmed. Moreover, to achieve specific protein adsorption, the multilayer film was also functionalized by immobilization of antibodies via a streptavidin bridge. The functional coatings were tested, and the adsorption of the following proteins confirmed the ability to control nonspecific/specific adsorption: human serum albumin (HSA), fibrinogen (FIB), fetal bovine serum (FBS), carcinoembryonic antigen human (CEA) monitored by quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation (QCM-D). AFM imaging of unmodified and modified multilayer surfaces was also performed. Functional multilayer films are believed to have the potential as a novel platform for biotechnological applications, such as biosensors and nanocarriers for drug delivery systems.

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D'Alessandro, Carmine, Davide de Maio, Daniela de Luca, Emiliano di Gennaro, Mariano Gioffrè, Mario Iodice, Marilena Musto, Giuseppe Rotondo, Davide Dalena, and Roberto Russo. "Solar Selective Coating for Thermal Applications." Key Engineering Materials 813 (July 2019): 316–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.813.316.

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We present the results obtained using Cr2O3 as selective absorbing layer on aluminium film substrate. The thin films were deposited by electron beam evaporation using a multiple crucible e-gun able to deposit 4 materials in sequence without breaking the vacuum. Optical characterization of the multilayer films is based on ellipsometry and hemispherical reflectivity. The complex refractive index has been determinate and it has been used to design a selective solar absorber with high absorptance.

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Kang, Jihye, Dongsu Park, Donghun Lee, Masao Kamiko, Sung-Jin Kim, Sang-Kwon Lee, and Jung-Hyuk Koh. "Enhanced Electrical Properties of AZO/IZO Multilayered Thin Film with Post Laser Annealing Process." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 21, no. 3 (March 1, 2021): 1971–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2021.18913.

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In this research, alternative deposition process of ZnO-based thin films have been studied for transparent conducting oxide (TCO) application. To improve the electrical and optical properties of transparent oxide thin films, alternatively stacked Al-doped ZnO and In-doped ZnO thin films were investigated. Multilayer structure of alternative 6 layers of thin films were prepared in this research. Especially, Aluminum and Indium were chosen as dopant materials. Thin films of Al-doped ZnO (AZO) and In-doped ZnO (IZO) were alternatively deposited by spin coating with sol-gel method. After deposition of multilayered thin films, multi steps of furnace (F), rapid thermal annealing (R) and CO2 laser annealing (L) processes were carried out and investigated thin film properties by dependence of post-annealing sequence and thin film structures. The electrical and optical properties of thin films were investigated by 4-point probe and UV-vis spectroscopy and its shows the greatest sheet resistance value of 0.59 kΩ/sq. from AZO/IZO multilayered structure and upper 85% of transmittance. The structural property and surface morphology were measured by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). The Al- and In-doped ZnO thin film shows the highest intensity value at (002) peak of AZO/IZO multilayer structure which was performed FRL process.

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Qian, Yao Chuan, Jun Tan, Hong Jun Yang, and Zhong Xiang Hu. "Brush Plated Multilayered Cu/Ni Coating from a Single Electrolyte and its Fretting Wear Behaviors." Advanced Materials Research 97-101 (March 2010): 1467–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.97-101.1467.

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Brush plated of Cu/Ni multilayer coating from a single sulfate electrolyte was prepared. The influence of applied voltage on the composition of the deposit and deposition rate was investigated to optimize the plating parameters. Wear tests were carried out in ball-on-plate geometry unlubricated. Wear scar morphology was observed using scanning electron microscopy and optical microscopy. It was found that the brush plated multilayer coating was highly dense and free from porosity. The multilayer coating showed less wear than Ni coating brush plated from the same solution. The increase in the wear resistance of the multilayer coating was attributed to lubricating effect of the transform film formed by Cu wear particles.

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Zhang, Chunmei, Tianliang Zhai, Chao Zhan, Qiuping Fu, and Chao Ma. "Actuation Behavior of Multilayer Graphene Nanosheets/Polydimethylsiloxane Composite Films." Polymers 10, no. 11 (November 9, 2018): 1243. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym10111243.

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The graphene nanosheets (GNS)/polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) composite films with out-of-plane dielectric actuation behavior were prepared through a layer-by-layer spin coating process. The GNS-PDMS/PDMS composite films with 1~3 layers of GNS-PDMS films were spin coated on top of the PDMS film. The dielectric, mechanical, and electromechanical actuation properties of the composite films were investigated. The dielectric constant of the GNS-PDMS3/PDMS composite film at 1 kHz is 5.52, which is 1.7 times that of the GNS-PDMS1/PDMS composite film. The actuated displacement of the GNS-PDMS/PDMS composite films is greatly enhanced by increasing the number of GNS-PDMS layers. This study provides a novel alternative approach for fabricating high-performance actuators with out-of-plane actuation behavior.

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Chang, Yun Feng, Kung Hsu Hou, and Ming Der Ger. "Multi-Layer Coating for Optical Mold of Strengthening by Electroplating Ni-W and Electroless Plating Ni-Mo-P by Nonisothermal Method." Materials Science Forum 654-656 (June 2010): 1896–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.654-656.1896.

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The development of optical mold coatings has become a key technology in precision optical components in recent years. Researchers are still seeking ideal electroforming materials capable of resisting higher temperature and improve the lifespan of optical mold. Examples of these materials include Ni-W, and Ni-Mo-P alloy plating, among others. However, the literature rarely mentions these alloys as protective coatings. This may be because coating stability, flatness, and strength cannot achieve the desired protective effects. This study develops a combination of two wet electrochemical processes to form a multi-layer coating on optical molds. This coating consists of Ni-W, and Ni-Mo-P alloys. The proposed treatment process attempts to enhance the mechanical strength of the mold and extend its lifespan. We first used electro-deposition to form a thick-film Ni-W coating, and then applied the electroless plating by nonisothermal deposition method (NITD) to create a Ni-Mo-P thin-film and form a multi-layer coating. We also measured the composition, hardness, and elastic modulus of the protective coating as a reference basis for the development of optical molds. The results of this study reveal the appropriate process parameters to provide the multilayer films with a high strength and flat surface. This article can serve as a reference for the development of optical mold coatings.

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Li, Song, Li, Xiang, Yang, Wang, and Gao. "Hybrid Nanostructured Antireflection Coating by Self-Assembled Nanosphere Lithography." Coatings 9, no. 7 (July 18, 2019): 453. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings9070453.

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Broadband antireflection (AR) coatings are essential elements for improving the photocurrent generation of photovoltaic modules or the enhancement of visibility in optical devices. In this paper, we report a hybrid nanostructured antireflection coating combination that is a clean and efficient method for fabricating a nanostructured antireflection coating (ARC). A multilayer thin-film was introduced between the ARC and substrate to solve the significant problem of preparing nanostructured ARCs on different substrates. In this way, we rebuilt a gradient refractive index structure and optimize the antireflective property by simply adjusting the moth-eye structure and multilayers. Subwavelength-structured cone arrays were directly patterned using a self-assembled single-layer polystyrene (PS) nanosphere array as an etching mask. Nanostructure coatings exhibited excellent broadband and wide-angle antireflective properties. The bottom-up preparation process and hybrid structural combination have the potential to significantly enhance the broadband and wide-angle antireflective properties for a number of optical systems that require high transparency, which is promising for reducing the manufacturing cost of nanostructured AR coatings.

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Devyatkina, T. I., E. S. Belyaev, V. V. Rogozhin, and M. V. Maksimov. "Study of the effect of electrolyte composition on adhesion and other properties of a coating-base system." Industrial laboratory. Diagnostics of materials 87, no. 10 (October 18, 2021): 34–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.26896/1028-6861-2021-87-10-34-39.

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Aluminum alloys with electroplated coatings and copper plated in particular gained multiple applications. However, pre-zincate treatment often fails to provide the desired adhesion of the coating. We present the results of studying the effect of the electrolyte composition on the adhesion and other properties of the coating-base system. It is shown that an electrolyte with a reduced content of sulfuric and phosphoric acids can be used for anodizing and the oxide films formed during anodizing are stable in the usual copper-plating sulfuric acid electrolyte which eliminates contact exchange and increases adhesion. The use of a modern scratch-test method provides numerical determination of the values of adhesion of copper coatings. The adhesion value depends on the surface porosity of the oxide film and on the type of anodized alloys. The results can be used to improve the technology of applying copper coatings, both as an independent coating and as an underlayer in multilayer coatings.

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Grekov, M. A., and S. A. Kostyrko. "A multilayer film coating with slightly curved boundary." International Journal of Engineering Science 89 (April 2015): 61–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijengsci.2014.12.001.

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Gonzalez, Jimena S., Carmen Mijangos, and Rebeca Hernandez. "Polysaccharide Coating of Gelatin Gels for Controlled BSA Release." Polymers 11, no. 4 (April 17, 2019): 702. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym11040702.

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Self-assembly of natural polymers constitute a powerful route for the development of functional materials. In particular, layer-by-layer (LBL) assembly constitutes a versatile technique for the nanostructuration of biobased polymers into multilayer films. Gelatin has gained much attention for its abundance, biodegradability, and excellent gel-forming properties. However, gelatin gels melt at low temperature, thus limiting its practical application. With respect to the above considerations, here, we explored the potential application of gelatin gels as a matrix for protein delivery at physiological temperature. A model protein, bovine serum albumin (BSA), was encapsulated within gelatin gels and then coated with a different number of bilayers of alginate and chitosan (10, 25, 50) in order to modify the diffusion barrier. The coated gel samples were analyzed by means of Attenuated Total Reflectance-Fourier Transform Infrared (ATR-FTIR) and confocal Raman spectroscopy, and it was found that the multilayer coatings onto polymer film were interpenetrated to some extent within the gelatin. The obtained results inferred that the coating of gelatin gels with polysaccharide multilayer film increased the thermal stability of gelatin gels and modulated the BSA release. Finally, the influence of a number of bilayers onto the drug release mechanism was determined. The Ritger-Peppas model was found to be the most accurate to describe the diffusion mechanism.

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Uzum, Abdullah, Masashi Kuriyama, Hiroyuki Kanda, Yutaka Kimura, Kenji Tanimoto, Hidehito Fukui, Taichiro Izumi, Tomitaro Harada, and Seigo Ito. "Sprayed and Spin-Coated Multilayer Antireflection Coating Films for Nonvacuum Processed Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells." International Journal of Photoenergy 2017 (2017): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/3436271.

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Using the simple and cost-effective methods, spin-coated ZrO2-polymer composite/spray-deposited TiO2-compact multilayer antireflection coating film was introduced. With a single TiO2-compact film on the surface of a crystalline silicon wafer, 5.3% average reflectance (the reflectance average between the wavelengths of 300 nm and 1100 nm) was observed. Reflectance decreased further down to 3.3% after forming spin-coated ZrO2on the spray-deposited TiO2-compact film. Silicon solar cells were fabricated using CZ-Si p-type wafers in three sets: (1) without antireflection coating (ARC) layer, (2) with TiO2-compact ARC film, and (3) with ZrO2-polymer composite/TiO2-compact multilayer ARC film. Conversion efficiency of the cells improved by a factor of 0.8% (from 15.19% to 15.88%) owing to the multilayer ARC.Jscwas improved further by 2 mA cm−2(from 35.3 mA cm−2to 37.2 mA cm−2) when compared with a single TiO2-compact ARC.

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Liu, Chien Cheng, Ming Hang Weng, Chien Tang Wang, Jheng Hong Chen, Yung Chih Chou, and Huai Wei Yaw. "An Investigation of Structure and Wear Properties of TiN/NbN Films Deposited by Reactive Magnetron Sputtering." Key Engineering Materials 368-372 (February 2008): 1310–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.368-372.1310.

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TiN/NbN multilayers on steel substrates (SKD11) are produced using DC magnetron sputtering process. The multilayer obtained are characterized in composition by means of X-ray diffraction techniques, Microhardness and adhesion to the substrate were studied by atomic force microscopy and scratch tests. The morphological analysis and coating structure are studied using scanning electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy. The film thickness is measured by a stylus profiler (XP-2 stylus profiler). Wear tests were performed on pin-on-disk configuration and dry sliding conditions, at 5N load by using hardened steel ball. On mechanical properties, higher Young’s modulus and hardness values follow to increase the TiN/NbN layers number. The multilayer films of 64 layers at 500°C 1h annealing indicated that the microhardness and Young’s modulus had the highest values.

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Guo, Chun, and Mingdong Kong. "Fabrication of Ultralow Stress TiO2/SiO2 Optical Coatings by Plasma Ion-Assisted Deposition." Coatings 10, no. 8 (July 23, 2020): 720. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings10080720.

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Optical and mechanical properties of multilayer coatings depend on the selected layer materials and the deposition technology; therefore, knowledge of the performances of thin films is essential. In the present work, titanium dioxide (TiO2) and silicon dioxide (SiO2) thin films have been prepared by plasma ion-assisted deposition (PIAD). The optical, structural, and mechanical properties of thin films have been investigated using spectrometer/ellipsometer, X-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and laser interferometer. The results show that TiO2 film fabricated by PIAD induces a high refractive index, wide optical band gap, amorphous structure, smooth surface, and tensile stress. In the case of SiO2 film, high bias voltage leads to dense structure and compressive stress. As an application, a three-wavelength high reflectance at 632.8, 808, and 1550 nm was optimized and deposited. The dependence of total stress in the multilayer on the substrate temperature was studied as well. In conclusion, it was demonstrated that PIAD is an effective method for the preparation of ultralow stress TiO2/SiO2 multilayer films. The achieved stress was as low as 1.4 MPa. The result could provide guidance to the stress optimization of most optical components without prefiguring, backside coating, and postdeposition treatments.

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Mina-Aponzá, Sebastián, Sandra Patricia Castro-Narváez, Luz Dary Caicedo-Bejarano, and Franklin Bermeo-Acosta. "Study of Titanium–Silver Monolayer and Multilayer Films for Protective Applications in Biomedical Devices." Molecules 26, no. 16 (August 9, 2021): 4813. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26164813.

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The search for coatings that extend the useful life of biomedical devices has been of great interest, and titanium has been of great relevance due to its innocuousness and low reactivity. This study contributes to the investigation of Ti/Ag films in different configurations (monolayer and multilayer) deposited by magnetron sputtering. The sessile droplet technique was applied to study wettability; greater film penetrability was obtained when Ag is the external layer, conferring high efficiency in cell adhesion. The morphological properties were characterized by SEM, which showed porous nuclei on the surface in the Ag coating and crystals embedded in the Ti film. The structural properties were studied by XRD, revealing the presence of TiO2 in the anatase crystalline phase in a proportion of 49.9% and the formation of a silver cubic network centered on the faces. Tafel polarization curves demonstrated improvements in the corrosion current densities of Ag/Ti/Ag/Ti/Ag/Ti/Ag/Ti and Ti/Ag compared to the Ag coating, with values of 0.1749, 0.4802, and 2.044 nA.m−2, respectively. Antimicrobial activity was evaluated against the bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Bacillus subtilis and the yeasts Candida krusei and Candida albicans, revealing that the Ti/Ag and Ag/Ti/Ag/Ti/Ag/Ti/Ag/Ti coatings exhibit promise in biomedical material applications.

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Ziesche, Steffen, and Uwe Partsch A. Michaelis. "Ceramic Interface and Multilayer Technology for Micro Fuel Cells." Additional Conferences (Device Packaging, HiTEC, HiTEN, and CICMT) 2011, CICMT (September 1, 2011): 000029–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/cicmt-2011-ta13.

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Planar fuel cells typically consist of several functional layers stacked on top of each other. We have extended the concepts of multilayer ceramics and thick film technology to provide novel approaches for the design of extremely compact and cost efficient micro fuel cells, either for the high temperature operation (SOFC) or for near ambient operation (PEMFC). Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) operate at temperatures as high as 850°C. Several ceramic technologies were developed to facilitate mechanical integrity and good electrical contact to the cell at these high operating temperatures and upon rapid thermal cycling. Ceramic interconnector plates can be manufactured by adapting the multilayer / thick film / via approach known from LTCC to HTCC multilayers such as zirconia. The result is a 3D shaped SOFC interconnector plate with an unparalleled thermomechancial stability and rigidity for special applications like military. Extending that HTCC functionalisation approach further led us to the manufacturing of other multilayer ceramic based micro-reactors, namely micro-reformers for hydrogen production on a pocket size scale. We have combined several high throughput 3D shaping technologies with novel catalyst coating approaches to yield micro-reactors that are cost efficient to manufacture and that expose a high inner catalytically active surface at a low pressure drop. We have also applied thick film technologies to incorporate additional functions such as sensors or heaters right into the multilayer. The contribution is concluded with a summary of the crucial shaping and coating technologies and an outlook on how these can be applied to future compact SOFC and PEMFC fuel cells.

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Zhang, Xiao Juan, and Guan Jun Qiao. "Simulated Annealing Algorithm and Genetic Algorithm for Optimization Design of Multilayer Optical Thin-Film Coatings." Key Engineering Materials 480-481 (June 2011): 1362–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.480-481.1362.

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The key parameters for Simulated Annealing Algorithm (SAA) and Genetic Algorithm (GA) were determined by test experiments. With optimal parameters obtained for both algorithms, the multilayer antireflection coatings in the 7.7-12.3μm band and a neutral beam splitter in the visible region were designed. Results showed that, for infrared multilayer antireflection coatings, the evaluation function value of SAA was 18.7% lower than that of GA, and the average transmittance of SAA was 0.4% higher than that of GA. Compared to GA, SAA achieved a higher average transmittance and a more flat transmittance curve. And for the neutral beam splitter, the running time of GA was 0.407s less than that of SAA, whereas the convergence effect of SAA was superior to that of GA. Therefore, the design with SAA has certain advantages for both the infrared multilayer antireflection coating and the beam splitter.

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Guo, Ting, Chen Wang, and Bing Yang. "Microstructure and Properties of CrN Multilayer Coatings." Key Engineering Materials 537 (January 2013): 71–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.537.71.

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The CrN and Cr/CrN multilayer coatings with different modulation ratios were deposited onto stainless steel and cemented carbide substrates by arc ion plating technology. The phase composition, surface and cross-sectional morphology were analyzed by using X-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscope (AFM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The micro Vickers was used to test the hardness. The results indicated that the coatings were mainly composed of Cr, CrN and Cr2N phase. No columnar grain growth was observed in Cr/CrN multilayer coatings, and the crystalline orientation of the Cr/CrN multilayer was different from CrN film. There exists an optimal modulation ratio of 10:10 to the coating deposition, under which the surface was compact and smooth with a relatively lower roughness. The coatings hardness increased with decreasing modulation ratio and the hardness of CrN+Cr2N was lower than that of single CrN phase.

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30

Fang, Liping, Yidong Jiang, Shengfa Zhu, Jingjing Ding, Dongxu Zhang, Anyi Yin, and Piheng Chen. "Substrate Temperature Dependent Properties of Sputtered AlN:Er Thin Film for In-Situ Luminescence Sensing of Al/AlN Multilayer Coating Health." Materials 11, no. 11 (November 6, 2018): 2196. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma11112196.

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The integrity and reliability of surface protective coatings deposited on metal surface could be in-situ monitored via the attractive luminescence sensing technique. In this paper, we report the influence of substrate temperature on the properties of erbium (Er) doped aluminum nitride (AlN) film, which could be applied as a luminescent layer for monitoring the health of multilayered Al/AlN coating. The AlN:Er films were deposited via reactive radio-frequency magnetron sputtering, and the silicon substrate temperature was varied from non-intentional heating up to 400 °C. The composition, morphology, crystalline structure, and dielectric function of the AlN:Er films deposited under these different substrate temperature conditions were studied. These properties of the AlN:Er films show strong correlation with the substrate temperature maintained during film fabrication. The obtained AlN:Er films, without further annealing, exhibited photoluminescence peaks of the Er3+ ions in the visible wavelength range and the strongest photoluminescence intensity was observed for the AlN:Er film deposited with the temperature of substrate kept at 300 °C. The results demonstrated in this work offer guidance to optimize the substrate temperature for the deposition of AlN:Er film for future application of this sensing technique to thin metal components.

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Liang, Chih-Hao, and Ying-Jung Chen. "Preparation of High-Performance Metal-Free UV/Near Infrared-Shielding Films for Human Skin Protection." Nanomaterials 11, no. 8 (July 29, 2021): 1954. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11081954.

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A series of metal-free UV/near infrared (NIR)-shielding coatings are successfully fabricated by shielded cathodic arc plasma evaporation (CAPE) and substrate-biased RF magnetron sputtering processes. The UV/NIR-shielding coatings comprising quarter-wave stacks of TiO2/SiO2 multilayers and high-conductivity sputter-deposited ITO films with a thickness in the range of 200–600 nm could block IRA and IRB radiations, respectively. The total thicknesses of UV/near infrared-shielding films are in the range from 375 nm to 1513.8 nm. The anatase-phase TiO2 films with absorption edge located at ∼375 nm were deposited by shielded CAPE at ∼100 °C. Further, the well-crystallized ITO films were found to have high free-electron concentrations (1.12 × 1021 cm−3), resulting in strong absorption of IRB due to the plasmon resonance absorption. The optimal optical design and ITO film thickness were investigated, and the TiO2(SiO2/TiO2)3 multilayer combined with an ITO film thickness of 400 nm was found to provide a high NIR-shielding rate of 94.8%, UVB to UVA-shielding rate of 92.7%, and average visible light transmittance of 68.1%. Further, human skin cells protected by a UV/NIR-shielding coating showed significantly decreased reactive oxygen species generation and inflammatory cytokine expression as compared to those of unprotected cells. The results demonstrate that the development of multifunction coatings have potential for transparent heat insulation windows and human skin protection against UV/IR radiations.

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Egorov, G. P., A. A. Volkov, and V. U. Golstcev. "Delamination of Cu and Ti Thin Films Deposited by Magnetron Sputtering on Cu Substrate: Analysis of Reasons." Materials Science Forum 706-709 (January 2012): 2863–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.706-709.2863.

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Multilayer thin-film structures are widely used in microelectronic, optoelectronic and micro-/nanoelectromechanical devices. Mechanical properties and mechanical stresses are very critical for such devices. Structural stresses are composed of an intrinsic part resulting from growth defects and a thermal part caused by the mismatch of the thermal expansion coefficients of the different materials in the multilayer system and between coating and substrate. Excessive tensile stresses result in cracking of the film and/or substrate, and compressive stress can cause buckling. Determination and control of stress is an important scientific issue for both functional thin films and engineering coatings from the viewpoint of performance and integrity. In the present study the in situ stress measurements for thin films of Ti (300nm thick) and Cu (1000nm thick) sputtered on Cu substrates were performed using a method proposed in [6]. The stresses that occurred in the Ti film were tensile, stresses that occurred in the Cu film were compressive. The continuous measurements were performed both during the process of the deposition and after the magnetron cut off. The film delamination from a substrate occurred in both cases. The analysis of obtained curves (the specific force versus time) was performed. Analysis revealed that the arising stresses are not caused by any nonstationary heating process of the material surface. Local buckling due to interatomic binding weakening can lead to Cu film delamination. The major cause of Ti film delamination can be a microcracking due to substrate’s thin surface layer yielding.

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Santos, Veronica, João P. Borges, Cláudia M. S. Ranito, Eduardo Pires, Hugo F. Araújo, António Marques, Luís Tomás, Elvira Fortunato, Rodrigo Martins, and Yuri Nunes. "Novel Multilayer Coatings on Polyethylene for Acetabular Devices." Materials Science Forum 514-516 (May 2006): 868–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.514-516.868.

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Total hip replacement is a common practice in every day clinical work. Artificial hip implants consist of a femoral component and an acetabular component. Nowadays the acetabular component is composed of a polymeric cup and a metallic shell. This study focuses the development of an innovative acetabular component substituting the metallic shell by a multilayer coating on the acetabular cup. A titanium coating was deposited onto ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) samples by physical vapour deposition (PVD), having an in situ pretreatment with argon ion bombardment in order to optimize the adhesive strength by surface modification, followed by the deposition of a thin film of hydroxyapatite (HA) using rf magnetron sputtering technique, at room temperature. Results obtained seem to indicate that these multilayer coatings can be a viable alternative to the metallic shell, leading to the substitution of a two part for a one part acetabular component.

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Castanho, José M., and M. Teresa Vieira. "Laminated Composite Thin Films: A Solution to Improve Cutting Tools Performance." Materials Science Forum 514-516 (May 2006): 1171–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.514-516.1171.

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In cutting applications hard thin films of coated tools are expected to be wear and oxidation resistants, and with strong adhesion to the substrate. Due to the high loads involved in the contacts, the main efforts must be supported by the substrate and it is supposed that the coatings follow their elasto-plastic deformation, with a subsequent delay of the crack propagation. The commercial thin films used for these applications are generally monolithic and homogeneous or heterogenous(chemical compositional gradient up-down). Even the nanostructured coatings will perform under these loads as monolithic coatings, and the crack generation and propagation will be ruled by the same mechanisms as in the monolithic coatings. Hence, the hard coatings for cutting tools must be able to deflect surface cracks and exhibit the highest adhesion to the substrate. In order to achieve these characterisitics, the common Ti-Al-N was selected as hard coating, and thin ductile metal interlayers (few tenths of nanometres) were introduced inside Ti-Al-N thin film as long period multilayer coatings – nanolaminate coatings. The presence of interlayers revealed efficiency in dissipation of the energy generated during the application, decreasing the propagation cracks across the coating and ensuring the best adhesion. The mechanical behavior observed is homotethic of macrolaminate composite bulk materials. The failure of the coating is layer-by-layer, always exposing the ductile layer, which function is also to be a fuse that protect the remaining coating. The material of the interlayer and the period (interlayer/coating) selected resulted from the balance between the maximum performance of coating to avoid service failure and the minimum decrease of relevant mechanical properties of the monolitic hard coating as hardness.

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35

Plogmeyer, M., J. Kruse, M. Stonis, N. Paetsch, B. A. Behrens, and G. Bräuer. "Temperature measurement with thin film sensors during warm forging of steel." Microsystem Technologies 27, no. 10 (January 24, 2021): 3841–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00542-020-05179-9.

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AbstractWarm forged components have better surface properties and higher dimensional accuracy than hot forged components. Diamond-like-carbon (DLC) coatings can be used as wear protection coatings, which are anti-adhesive and extremely hard (up to 3500 HV), to increase tool service life. In the first funding period of the research project at the IPH – Institut für Integrierte Produktion Hannover gGmbH and the Institute for Surface Technology (IOT) of the Technical University of Braunschweig in cooperation with the Fraunhofer Institute for Surface Engineering and Thin Films (IST), the influence of different coating types and process temperatures on tool wear was investigated. The result is, that DLC coatings can reduce tool wear in some cases significantly, but that their service life is strongly dependent on the temperature. Coating-integrated temperature measurement could not be realised at that point, due to adhesion challenges. During the second funding period, the effect of multilayer DLC coatings on tool wear was investigated. Also, an additional method of the temperature measurement on the engraving surface using thin film sensors was developed in order to correlate the local process temperature and local layer wear. In this work, the development of and the results gathered by the thin film temperature sensors are presented, which enable for more accurate temperature measurements than commonly used thermocouples. Their functionality and durability under high loads were investigated and showed to be promising.

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Tian, Wei, and Xiao Hua Zhang. "Beam Assisted Deposition Film for Improving Fretting Fatigue Resistance of Ti-8Al-1Mo-1V Alloy at Elevated Temperature." Advanced Materials Research 651 (January 2013): 7–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.651.7.

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Ion-beam-assisted deposition (IBAD) was investigated as a potential way to increase the fretting fatigue resistance of Ti-8Al-1Mo-1V alloy at elevated temperature. Three coating systems, hard TiN film, Al film and Cu/Ni multilayer films have been applied on the base material. Coefficients of friction and fretting fatigue lives of the specimens with and without film were compared. The results indicate that the IBAD technique can prepare all films with high bonding strength and excellent lubricating properties. The fretting fatigue life of the Ti-8Al-1Mo-1V alloy with the TiN film was improved by a factor of 2.4 as compared to the uncoated substrate at elevated temperature because of the excellent wear and fatigue resistance and good toughness of the film. The IBAD Al film significantly improved the fretting fatigue resistance of the Ti-8Al-1Mo-1V alloy at elevated temperature for good lubricating property. The fretting fatigue resistance of the Ti-8Al-1Mo-1V alloy was improved by all the Cu/Ni multilayer films. However, the fretting fatigue resistance did not increase monotonically with the modulation period of the films.

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Zinchenko, V. F., I. R. Magunov, O. V. Mozkova, B. A. Gorshtein, V. P. Sobol’, and L. V. Sadkovska. "COMPARATIVE CHARACTERISTICS OF COATINGS WITH SiO AND GeO ON LEUCOSAPPHIRE." Odesa National University Herald. Chemistry 26, no. 2(78) (July 31, 2021): 14–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.18524/2304-0947.2021.2(78).233815.

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The reasons for the sharp difference in the adhesion of multilayer coatings containing SiO or GeO together with Ge on a leucosapphire (Al2O3) plate have been established. It should be mentioned that Silicon(II) and Germanium(II) oxides are quite stable in the gaseous state and, contrary, are metastable in condensed state; at high temperature they disproportionate into ultra-dispersed composites of amorphous nature. A comparison is made of the surface properties of ultramicroscopic droplets formed on solid surfaces – a substrate or the previous layer – upon condensation of SiO, GeO, or Ge vapors on leucosapphire. A qualitative assessment of the ratio of the corresponding contact angles of wetting by the indicated melts, formed at the first moment of contact, has been carried out. In assessing the surface tension of SiO and GeO melts (or Si – SiO2 and Ge – GeO2 composites), we proceeded from the corresponding values for SiO2 and GeO2, which are 296 and 248 mJ/m2 near the crystallization temperatures. On this basis, it was established that the smallest value of the contact angle, and hence the best wetting, is observed for the GeO melt (somewhat less for the SiO melt) on the solid surface of Al2O3 or Ge; the solid surface of SiO or GeO (especially, the first of them) with molten germanium should be much weaker wetted. Hence, it follows that thin-film multilayer coatings obtained from Ge and GeO on a leucosapphire substrate should have a significantly higher climatic resistance due to higher adhesion compared to multilayer coatings from SiO and Ge. Indeed, a multilayer coating containing SiO on a leucosapphire substrate with a large surface can withstand storage in air for no more than 2–3 months and begins to peel off; at the same time, the GeO coating remains intact after 4 years of storage. Thus, the GeO film-forming material is a promising one for use in multilayer coatings such as cut-off filters in interference optics of the near and mid-IR spectral ranges.

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Gojzewski, Hubert, Fatemeh Ghani, and Mirosław Szybowicz. "Thin films of copper phthalocyanine deposited by solution processing methods." Materials Science-Poland 38, no. 1 (March 1, 2020): 79–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/msp-2020-0007.

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AbstractIn this work, we show and discuss the surface structure picture of copper phthalocyanine (CuPc) thin films deposited from trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) solvent onto silicon substrates at ambient conditions by four solution processing methods, namely drop-casting, dip-coating, spin-casting and spray-coating. The CuPc films were studied by AFM, as the main technique, and complemented by micro-Raman spectroscopy. Essentially, such thin films consist of CuPc molecular nanoribbons of a fixed ~1 nm thickness. CuPc molecules are arranged in an in-plane direction and formed in stacks under a defined tilt angle with respect to the substrate surface (monolayer) or underlying CuPc layer (multilayer). The film morphology takes various forms depending on the solution concentration, number of layers, and the deposition method. For instance, the morphology varies from very wide (~600 nm) but flat (~1 nm) ribbons for films prepared by dip-coating to crystallized rod-like features (multi-layered ribbons) when obtained by spray-coating. The factors studied in this paper should be taken into consideration in designing and controlling the criteria for rigorous CuPc film architecture.

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Muratov, Iskander, Ruslan Garipov, and Anna Efremova. "Effect of the Type of Adhesives on the Properties of Multilayer Packaging Material Based on PET/AlOx Film with Acrylic Coating before and after the Sterilization Process." Key Engineering Materials 899 (September 8, 2021): 104–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.899.104.

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In this work the properties of multilayer packaging materials based on PET/AlOx film with acrylic coating were studied. Multilayer packaging materials were produced on industrial laminators using three different adhesive compositions with different content of reactive groups. It is shown that the peculiarity of the chemical nature of adhesive components affects the bond strength and the seal strength of multilayer packaging materials.

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40

Khelifa, Farid, Sergey Ershov, Marie-Eve Druart, Youssef Habibi, Didier Chicot, Marie-Georges Olivier, Rony Snyders, and Philippe Dubois. "A multilayer coating with optimized properties for corrosion protection of Al." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 3, no. 31 (2015): 15977–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ta01920f.

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Zhang, Mei Jie, Jing Wang, Guang Rui Gu, Bao Jia Wu, and Hong Wei Tian. "Studies on Mechanical and Optical Characteristics of TiN Films Deposited on Al, Ti Buffer Layers." Materials Science Forum 809-810 (December 2014): 540–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.809-810.540.

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The TiN ceramic films were deposited on Si (100) substrates with Al and Ti buffer layers by direct current reactive magnetron sputtering in the mixture gas atmosphere of argon and nitrogen. X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, scanning electronic microscope (SEM), nanohardness test and ultra violet-visible-near infrared (UV-VIS-NIR) spectrophotometer were employed to analyze the structure, mechanics and optical characteristics of the TiN films respectively. Analyses of XRD and Raman showed that all the TiN films deposited on Al and Ti buffer layers with TiN (111)-preferred orientations had polycrystalline structures, and the TiN film deposited on Ti buffer layer had a better crystallinity, smaller surface roughness, higher hardness and larger elastic modulus than those of the TiN film deposited on Al buffer layer. Moreover, the reflectivity of the Ti/TiN film became higher than Al/TiN film above λ=645 nm. At λ=1200 nm, the Ti/TiN film showed the maximum reflectivity of 81.8%. These conclusions also showed that the metal multilayer TiN films have important application and research prospect in terms of solar control coatings or resistance to high temperature in building coating material.

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42

Zhang, Xiao Hua, Ding Gen Xiang, and Dao Xin Liu. "Beam Assisted Deposition Film for Improving Fretting Fatigue Resistance of Ti-8Al-1Mo-1V Alloy at Elevated Temperature." Key Engineering Materials 535-536 (January 2013): 346–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.535-536.346.

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Ion-beam-assisted deposition (IBAD) was investigated as a potential way to increase the fretting fatigue resistance of Ti-8Al-1Mo-1V alloy at elevated temperature. Three coating systems, hard TiN film with good toughness and soft Al film of low friction and Cu/Ni multilayer films with modulation period thickness of 20~600nm have been applied on the base material. Coefficients of friction and fretting fatigue lives of the specimens with and without film were compared. The film damage was characterized through scanning electron microscopy. The results indicate that the IBAD technique can prepare all films with high bonding strength and excellent lubricating properties. The fretting fatigue life of the Ti-8Al-1Mo-1V alloy with the TiN film was improved by a factor of 2.4 as compared to the uncoated substrate at elevated temperature because of the excellent wear and fatigue resistance and good toughness of the film. Excellent wear resistance and good anti-fatigue properties could be simultaneously obtained by a single hard film to control the fretting fatigue damage. The IBAD Al film significantly improved the fretting fatigue resistance of the Ti-8Al-1Mo-1V alloy at elevated temperature for good lubricating property. The fretting fatigue resistance of the Ti-8Al-1Mo-1V alloy was improved by all the Cu/Ni multilayer films. However, the fretting fatigue resistance did not increase monotonically with the modulation period of the films. Films with a modulation period of 200 nm had the highest fretting fatigue resistance among the multilayer films prepared owing to their high toughness and strength and good lubricating and anti-fatigue action. The fretting fatigue resistance of films with a modulation period of 20 nm was low because of the poor fracture toughness and crack propagation resistance, even though these films had the highest hardness and good fretting wear resistance. Thus, comprehensive properties, including high toughness and strength, must be considered for multilayer films used to improve the fretting fatigue resistance of titanium alloys.

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Tang, Jian-Fu, Chun-Hong Huang, Ching-Yen Lin, Fu-Chi Yang, and Chi-Lung Chang. "Effects of Substrate Rotation Speed on Structure and Adhesion Properties of CrN/CrAlSiN Multilayer Coatings Prepared Using High-Power Impulse Magnetron Sputtering." Coatings 10, no. 8 (July 29, 2020): 742. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings10080742.

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We investigated the effects of substrate rotation speed on the structural and mechanical properties of CrN/CrAlSiN multilayer coatings produced using high-power impulse magnetron sputtering (HiPIMS) on silicon and high-speed steel (HSS) substrates. Structural analysis and characterization of the multilayer coatings were performed using an X-ray diffractometer (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), an electron probe microanalyzer (EPMA), and a transmission electron microscope (TEM). The thickness of the bi-layer film depended on the substrate rotation speed, as follows: 12 (1.5 rpm), 9.5 (2 rpm), 6 (3 rpm), 4 (4 rpm), and 3.2 nm (5 rpm). The results revealed that the hardness and coating–substrate adhesion strength increased inversely with the thickness of the bi-layer. TEM analysis revealed smaller columnar structures in thinner CrN/CrAlSiN multilayer coatings. The highest results for hardness (20.1 GPa), elastic modulus (336 GPa), and adhesion strength (77 N) were obtained at a substrate rotation speed of 5 rpm. We also investigated the adhesion properties of the multilayer structures and formulated a hypothesis to explain adhesion strength.

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Baek, Kyeong Cheol, Chan Yeol Seo, Ki Bok Heo, Yang Soo Kim, Dong Joo Yoon, Byung Il Kim, Kyung Ku Lee, and Dong Soo Han. "Caracteristics of TiN Coating Films for Large Sizes Prepared by Arc Ion Plating." Materials Science Forum 706-709 (January 2012): 2589–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.706-709.2589.

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Arc ion plating (AIP) is one of the most attractive physical vapour deposition (PVD) method for the industrial manufacture of TiN coatings, owing to a high degree of ionization in the target material and convenient control of the process parameters. The important characteristic of hard coating is the adhesion strength between the coating layer and the substrate. The coating will be subjected to various loads, such as mechanical, thermal load, etc., in practical applications. Therefore, for more than a decade, Ti-based hard coatings have been applied to tools, dies, and mechanical parts because of the enhance lifetime and performance. It is focus on the attractive properties such as high hardness, good wear, and chemical stability. In the present study, TiN monolayer film was prepared at various N2 partial pressures and current by the AIP technique in SACM645 material. The correlation between microstructure and properties of the TiN coating was comparatively investigated by XRD, FE-SEM and AFM. These study carried steadily out improve the adhesion properties and wear resistance of Ti-based coating using pre-treatment of the substrate, insertion of an interlayer, application of multi-layers and adjustment of the process parameters. The main phase FCC TiN displayed (200) orientation in the film with the highest N2partial pressure. The (111) orientation was observed with decreasing N2partial pressure. The (200) and (111) textures in the film which was treated 80A arc current were found to be competitive orientations, however stronger arc treated the (200) texture was increased. The multilayer TiN films has possessed high hardness (up to 42Nm) and the best wear resistance among the specimens. These features were attributed to the presence of dense microstructures that were mainly composed of TiN phase around 5.16㎛ thickness, HF1 adhesion and Ra 35㎚ surface roughness

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Santos Silva, Gabriel, Lukasz Maj, Jerzy Morgiel, Maria Teresa Vieira, and Ana Sofia Ramos. "Development of Actuators for Repairing Cracks by Coating W Wires with Reactive Multilayers." Materials 15, no. 3 (January 24, 2022): 869. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15030869.

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The aim of this research work was to optimize the coating of tungsten wires with reactive multilayer thin films and promote an exothermic self-propagating reaction. The ultimate goal is to use this heat to liquify low melting temperature materials, and thus block crack propagation in metallic materials. Ni/Me (Me = Al, Ti) multilayers were deposited by a DC (direct current) magnetron sputtering onto tungsten wires with diameters of 0.05 and 0.20 mm. The depositions were carried out to obtain films with near equiatomic average chemical composition and a modulation period (bilayer thickness) between 20 and 50 nm. The cross-section of the films was analyzed using electron microscopy before and after electrical ignition. A new substrate holder was developed to improve the quality of the Al/Ni films, allowing a reduction in the defects previously observed. The Ni/Ti thin films showed no discernible defects, regardless of the substrate holder. However, after ignition, the Ni + Ti reaction occurred in a non-self-propagating mode. Passing an electric current through a wire (ϕ = 0.05 mm) coated with an Al/Ni thin film, promoted a flash of light that was associated with the start of a self-propagating reaction. The reaction product was a B2-AlNi intermetallic phase. W wires coated with reactive multilayers may contribute to crack filling, and have potential to be self-healing actuators.

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Habibah, Zulkefle, N. S. Rahman, M. H. Wahid, L. N. Ismail, Raudah Abu Bakar, M. H. Mamat, and Mohamad Rusop Mahmood. "Influence of MgO Molar Concentration to the Properties of Multilayer ZnO/MgO Films Using Sol-Gel Method." Advanced Materials Research 576 (October 2012): 309–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.576.309.

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Multilayer ZnO/MgO was successfully deposited using sol-gel spin coating method at different MgO molar concentration. The electrical and dielectric properties of deposited multilayer films were investigated using two point probes I-V measurement and impedance spectroscopy respectively. The resistivity was calculated based on I-V curve obtained and the results show that there is increment in resistivity values from 1.04 x 105Ω.cm to 7.45 x 105Ω.cm as the MgO concentration varied from 0.2M to 1.0M. The growth of multilayer films was measured in term of their thickness using surface profiler. Moreover from the observation, the value of dielectric constant, k is decrease when the MgO concentrations increase due to non-uniform and porous structure in the films. This is proven by their surface morphology observed by field emission scanning electron microscopy, FESEM. There is also interesting view obtained in this work where the surface morphology of multilayer film with 0.2M and 0.4M MgO concentration produced nano-flower and nano-rod like structure respectively.

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Lei, Wen-xi, Xia-chao Chen, Mi Hu, Hao Chang, Han Xu, Ke-feng Ren, and Jian Ji. "Dynamic spongy films to immobilize hydrophobic antimicrobial peptides for self-healing bactericidal coating." Journal of Materials Chemistry B 4, no. 38 (2016): 6358–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6tb01967f.

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Dynamic spongy polyethylenimine/poly(acrylic acid) (PEI/PAA) multilayer film with self-healing property was employed to provide a platform to immobilize hydrophobic antimicrobial peptides for constructing bactericidal coating.

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Chi, Bo, Li Zhao, Jian Li, Jian Pu, Yao Chen, Congcong Wu, and Tetsuro Jin. "TiO2 Mesoporous Thick Films with Large-Pore Structure for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 8, no. 8 (August 1, 2008): 3877–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2008.197.

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Large-pore mesoporous titania films with thickness up to 3.5 μm were prepared by dip-coating method using block copolymer Pluronic P123 as structure directing agent. The highly transparent multilayer mesoporous film shows a large pore size of 8.9 nm with surface area of 129.4 m2 · g−1. The mesopore structure with continuous crystalline framework was maintained after being calcined at 400 °C. Dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) based on the large-pore mesoporous film exhibited an enhanced light-to-electricity conversion efficiency of 6.01%, due to the thick large-pore mesoporous film with continuous crystalline framework structure.

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Venugopal, N., and Anirban Mitra. "Plasmonics Properties of ZnO/Ag/ZnO Multilayer Thin Films." Advanced Materials Research 585 (November 2012): 214–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.585.214.

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The optical properties of ZnO (Zinc Oxide)/Ag (silver)/ZnO (Zinc Oxide)/glass multilayer structure have been investigated. These properties could be tuned using the plasmonic properties of the intermediate Ag layer. ZnO thin film of 80 nm thickness has been deposited using Spray Pyrolysis on Glass Substrate. Prior to the deposition of approximately same thickness of ZnO like the previous one, a thin layer of Ag with thicknesses varying from 0.5 nm to 10 nm have been deposited using Vacuum Deposition. We have correlated the properties of multilayer thin film with thickness and morphology of the intermediate silver layer. Crystallographic properties of thin films have been characterized using XRD (X-ray Diffraction). Surface Morphology of Ag layer on ZnO has been studied using AFM (Atomic Force Microscopy). UV-VIS Spectrometer has been used to measure the optical transparency of these multilayer thin films. It has been observed that optical transparency of ZnO/Ag/ZnO/Glass thin film on glass substrate slightly enhanced compared to ZnO/ZnO/Glass. We interpret these experimental results with Maxwell-Garnett theory. The simulated and experimental SPR (Surface Plasmon Resonance) positions of ZnO/Ag/ZnO thin films are well matched. We expect that MG Theory interpretation of these kind Dielectric/Metal/Dielectric multilayer thin films were applicable only for Metallic Island thin films deposited using Vacuum coating method. We also describe the influence of Ag thickness on optical properties of the ZnO/Ag/ZnO composite and suggest a mechanism of tunability influenced by surface plasmons.

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Kiryukhantsev-Korneev, F. V., and A. Yu Potanin. "Structure, mechanical properties and oxidation resistance of MoSi2, MoSiB and MoSiB/SiBC coatings." Izvestiya Vuzov. Poroshkovaya Metallurgiya i Funktsional’nye Pokrytiya (Universitiesʹ Proceedings. Powder Metallurgy аnd Functional Coatings), no. 3 (September 16, 2018): 93–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.17073/1997-308x-2018-3-93-104.

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Magnetron sputtering was used to obtain single-layer MoSi2, MoSiB and multilayer MoSiB/SiBC coatings. Coating structures were studied using X-ray phase analysis, scanning electron microscopy and glow discharge optical emission spectroscopy. Mechanical properties of the coatings were determined by nanoindentation. The coatings were tested for oxidation resistance and thermal stability at temperatures between 600 °С and 1200 °С. It was found that single-layer MoSiB coatings have a hardness of 27 GPa, elasticity modulus of 390 GPa and elastic recovery of 48 % and exhibit short-term oxidation resistance up to 1500 °С inclusive due to a SiO2-based protective film formed on their surfaces. MoSi2coatings have hardness comparable to that of MoSiB but slightly lower oxidation resistance. Multilayer MoSiB/SiBC coatings feature 23–27 GPa hardness and oxidation resistance limited to 1500 °С, but at the same time they have higher elastoplastic properties as compared to MoSiB.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Multilayer film coating'

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