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Journal articles on the topic 'Multilayers'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 25 July 2025

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1

Park, Geun Woo, and Hyuck Sang Kwon. "Structural and Mechanical Properties of Multilayered CVD TiC/TiCN Coatings with Variations of Multilayer Period." Materials Science Forum 534-536 (January 2007): 1233–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.534-536.1233.

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Multilayered coatings on tungsten carbide cutting tools are widely used for enhancing cutting performance. In this paper, we review the CVD TiC/TiCN multilayer as a function of the multilayer period. The TiC/TiCN multilayers in initial stage show preferred (220) orientation but shifts to (200) orientation with decreasing multilayer period. The nanohardness of TiC/TiCN multilayers were found to increase with decreasing multilayer period and shows a maximum of 23.8 GPa at a period = 33.5 nm.

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2

Kaneko, Yoshihisa, H. Sakakibara, and Satoshi Hashimoto. "Dependence of Vickers Hardness on Annealing Temperature at Co/Cu Multilayered Films." Materials Science Forum 561-565 (October 2007): 2399–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.561-565.2399.

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Co/Cu and Ni/Cu multilayers fabricated by electroplating technique were annealed at various temperatures in order to investigate thermal stability of multilayered structures. Vickers hardness tests on the annealed Co/Cu and Ni/Cu multilayers were conducted at room temperature. It was recognized that after the annealing at 1023K the Co/Cu multilayer still maintained the hardness of as-deposited state. On the other hand, the hardness of Ni/Cu multilayer was almost identical to copper substrate after the annealing at 903K.

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3

Kaneko, Yoshihisa, T. Sanda, and Satoshi Hashimoto. "Microstructures of Ni/Cu and Ni-Co/Cu Multilayers Produced by Electrodeposition Method." Advanced Materials Research 26-28 (October 2007): 1321–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.26-28.1321.

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Microstructures of Ni/Cu and Ni-Co/Cu multilayers were investigated by X-ray diffraction analysis. These multilayered structures were fabricated on copper substrates using electrodeposition technique. At an as-deposited Ni/Cu multilayer with the layer thickness of h=5nm, a single diffraction peak appeared, although the multilayer of h=100nm exhibited the diffractions splitting into two peaks which resulted from both the Ni and Cu layers. In the Ni-Co/Cu multilayers, it was found that composition of the Ni-Co layer depended on an electric potential applied during deposition. The fcc and hcp str

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4

Sattler, Margaret L., and Michael A. O'Keefe. "HRTEM simulation of interfacial structure in amorphous multilayers." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 47 (August 6, 1989): 466–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100154305.

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Multilayered materials have been fabricated with such high perfection that individual layers having two atoms deep are possible. Characterization of the interfaces between these multilayers is achieved by high resolution electron microscopy and Figure 1a shows the cross-section of one type of multilayer. The production of such an image with atomically smooth interfaces depends upon certain factors which are not always reliable. For example, diffusion at the interface may produce complex interlayers which are important to the properties of the multilayers but which are difficult to observe. Sim

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TAN, M., D. J. LI, G. Q. LIU, et al. "STRUCTURES AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF MODULATED ZrB2/W AND ZrB2/WNx NANOMULTILAYERS." International Journal of Modern Physics B 24, no. 01n02 (2010): 34–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979210063958.

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ZrB 2, W , WN x coatings and ZrB 2/ W , ZrB 2/ WN x multilayered coatings have been synthesized by ion beam assisted deposition at room temperature. X-ray diffraction (XRD), XP-2 surface profiler, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and nano indenter were employed to investigate the influence of modulation periods and N + beam bombardment on microstructure and mechanical properties of the coatings. The low-angle XRD patterns and cross-sectional SEM indicate a well-defined composition modulation and layer structure of the multilayers. The multilayers with modulation periods ranging from 9 to 16

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6

Li, Y. P., G. P. Zhang, and Z. G. Wang. "Strength and Plastic Deformation Behavior of Nano-Scale Au/Cu and Cr/Cu Multilayers." Advanced Materials Research 41-42 (April 2008): 3–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.41-42.3.

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Nano-scale Au/Cu multilayers were investigated by nano/microindentation. It was found that the hardness of the multilayers increases with decreasing individual layer thickness (λ), and shear band deformation can occur more easily in the multilayer with small λ. For comparison, the same experiments were also performed on Cr/Cu multilayers with the same layer structure. The results show that the Cr/Cu multilayer can be more effective in resisting shear band deformation than the Au/Cu multilayer. Finally, the λ dependence of shear band deformation and the difference between plastic deformation be

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7

Yue, Jian Ling, Wei Shi, and Ge Yang Li. "Modulation Structure and Superhardness Effect of VC/TiN Nano-Multilayer Films." Applied Mechanics and Materials 184-185 (June 2012): 1080–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.184-185.1080.

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A series of VC/TiN nano-multilayer films with various TiN layer thicknesses were synthesized by magnetron sputtering method. The relationship between the modulation structure and superhardness effect of the multilayer films were investigated. The results reveal that TiN below a critical layer thickness grows coherently with VC layers in multilayers. Correspondingly, the hardness and elastic modulus of the multilayers increase significantly. The maximum hardness and modulus achieved in these multilayers is 40.7GPa and 328GPa.With further increase in the TiN layer thickness, coherent structure o

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8

Buznikov, Nikita A., and Galina V. Kurlyandskaya. "Magnetoimpedance in Symmetric and Non-Symmetric Nanostructured Multilayers: A Theoretical Study." Sensors 19, no. 8 (2019): 1761. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19081761.

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Intensive studies of the magnetoimpedance (MI) effect in nanostructured multilayers provide a good phenomenological basis and theoretical description for the symmetric case when top and bottom layers of ferromagnet/conductor/ferromagnet structure have the same thickness and consist of one magnetic layer each. At the same time, there is no model to describe the MI response in multilayered films. Here, we propose the corresponding model and analyze the influence of the multilayer parameters on the field and frequency dependences of the MI. The approach is based on the calculation of the field di

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9

Kusi-Appiah, Aubrey E., Troy W. Lowry, Nicholas Vafai, David H. Van Winkle, and Steven Lenhert. "Fluid Lipid Multilayer Stabilization by Tetraethyl Orthosilicate for Underwater AFM Characterization and Cell Culture Applications." MRS Advances 2, no. 57 (2017): 3553–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/adv.2017.502.

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ABSTRACTStabilization of surface supported fluid lipid multilayers for underwater characterization is an essential step in making them useful for scalable cell culture applications such as high throughput screening. To this end, we used tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS), recently shown to stabilize fluid lipid films while maintaining their fluidity and functionality under water, to stabilize lipid multilayer micropatterns of 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DOPC). The treated multilayers were immersed under water and successfully imaged by atomic force microscopy (AFM), a difficult feat

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10

Poulopoulos, Panagiotis, S. D. Pappas, Vassilios Kapaklis, et al. "Growth and Magnetism of Natural Multilayers." Journal of Nano Research 15 (September 2011): 95–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/jnanor.15.95.

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. In this work, we present a simple method to fabricate high quality Ni/NiO multilayers with the use of a single magnetron sputtering head. Namely, at the end of the deposition of each single Ni layer, air is let to flow into the vacuum chamber through a leak valve. Then, a very thin NiO layer (~ 1nm) is formed by natural oxidation. The process is reproducible and the result is the formation of a multilayer with excellent layering. Magnetization hysteresis loops recorded at 5 K and room temperature reveal a tendency for perpendicular magnetic anisotropy as the thickness of the individual Ni la

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11

Suzuki, Kosuke, Naoto Go, Shun Emoto, et al. "Observation of Magnetic Compton Profile of Interface Controlled Co/Pd Multilayer." Key Engineering Materials 497 (December 2011): 8–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.497.8.

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We compare two Co/Pd multilayers with correspondingly smooth and rough interfaces. The first is a Co (1.5 nm)/Pd (2.6 nm) multilayer with a smooth interface deposited by the MBE technique, and the second is a Co (1.6 nm)/Pd (4.0 nm) multilayer with a rough interface deposited by the sputter technique. Both multilayers have almost the same perpendicular magnetic anisotropy energy, 1.15 Merg/cc for the Co (1.5 nm)/Pd (2.6 nm) multilayer and 1.20 Merg/cc for the Co (1.6 nm)/Pd (4.0 nm) multilayer, respectively. The symmetry of the wave function, which is measured using the magnetic Compton profil

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12

DONG, L., G. Q. LIU, Y. D. SUN, M. Y. LIU, and D. J. LI. "EFFECT OF DEPOSITION PARAMETERS ON STRUCTURE AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF TiB2/Si3N4 NANO MULTILAYERS." International Journal of Modern Physics B 24, no. 01n02 (2010): 43–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021797921006396x.

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TiB 2/ Si 3 N 4 nano multilayers have been synthesized under different deposition parameters related to substrate by ion beam assisted deposition (IBAD). XRD, Nano indenter, profiler, and multi-functional tester for material surface properties were used to characterize the microstructure and mechanical properties of the multilayers. The results indicated a well-defined composition modulation and layer structure of the multilayers. To the multilayers with constant modulation ratio of 15.4:1 and modulation period of 11.8 nm, the multilayer deposited on Al 2 O 3(111) substrate with 38 nm-thick Ti

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13

Hattori, Tomoya, Yoshihisa Kaneko, and Satoshi Hashimoto. "Tribological Properties of Ni/Cu Multilayers." Materials Science Forum 561-565 (October 2007): 2451–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.561-565.2451.

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Sliding wear and hardness tests in Ni/Cu multilayers electrodeposited on polycrystalline copper substrate were carried out. The multilayers had a total thickness of 5 μm and an individual layer thickness from 5 to 100 nm. Hardness of the multilayers measured with a nanoindentation tester was found to be dependent on layer thickness. The multilayer with the layer thickness of 20 nm showed the highest value among them. It was found that the wear resistances of all the multilayers tested were higher than that of an electrodeposited nickel coating. It was also revealed that the specific wear rate

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14

Oyama, Makiko, Hiroaki Ozawa, Takumi Nagashima, Masa-aki Haga, and Takao Ishida. "Effects of Fe cations in ruthenium-complex multilayers fabricated by a layer-by-layer method." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 18, no. 13 (2016): 9005–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5cp07970e.

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Molecular multilayers were fabricated using a Ru complex containing Fe cations on an indium tin oxide surface to control the properties of the Ru-complex multilayers such as the multilayer orientation and the electron transport.

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15

Chen, J., E. D. Rippert, S. N. Song, M. P. Ulmer, and J. B. Ketterson. "High quality a-Si/Nb and a-SiN/NbN artificial multilayers for Josephson applications." Journal of Materials Research 9, no. 7 (1994): 1678–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1994.1678.

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A high resolution transmission electron microscopy study of multilayer films prepared by magnetron sputtering shows that the morphology of the growing interface in a-Si/Nb and a-SiN/NbN multilayers is remarkably uniform and smooth; this is in contrast to the polycrystalline AlN/NbN multilayers grown under similar conditions, which exhibit columnar grain structure with rough interfaces. For proper sputtering parameters, the amorphous layers seem to periodically restore a relatively smooth initial interface condition for the successive Nb (or NbN) layer growth, consequently interrupting the tend

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16

Mathew, Jissy. "FABRICATION OF NANO-STRUCTURED SURFACES BY FINE TUNING OF DEPOSITION PARAMETERS IN CHITOSAN/PSS POLYELECTROLYTE MULTILAYERS." Journal of Advanced Scientific Research 13, no. 11 (2022): 63–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.55218/jasr.2022131110.

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The fabrication of chitosan/polystyrene sulfonate (CHI)/(PSS) polyelectrolyte multilayer on different polymeric supports (polyether sulfone, polycarbonate and nylon), is discussed in the present work. The permeation of model protein BSA through these multilayer membranes was carried out under ultrafiltration conditions. Different multilayer systems were prepared by varying the parameters such as nature of the polymeric support, pH and molecular weight of polyelectrolyte. Build up of multilayers on polymeric support was monitored by measuring area under the sulfonate peak at 1033 cm-1 in the FT

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17

Ghafoor, Naureen, Fredrik Eriksson, Arkady S. Mikhaylushkin, et al. "Effects of O and N impurities on the nanostructural evolution during growth of Cr/Sc multilayers." Journal of Materials Research 24, no. 1 (2009): 79–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2009.0004.

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Transition metal multilayers are prime candidates for high reflectivity soft x-ray multilayer mirrors. In particular, Cr/Sc multilayers in the amorphous state have proven to give the highest reflectivity in the water window. We have investigated the influence of impurities N and O as residual gas elements on the growth, structure, and optical performance of Cr/Sc multilayers deposited in high vacuum conditions by a dual cathode direct current magnetron sputter deposition. Multilayer structures with the modulation periods in the range of 0.9–4.5 nm and Cr layer to bilayer thickness ratios in th

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18

Wang, Yufei, Shuangle Zhang, Zefeng Wu, et al. "Design and Preparation of Nanoporous Cu/Ag Multilayer Films." Coatings 11, no. 10 (2021): 1187. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings11101187.

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Cu30Al70 and Ag30Al70 multilayer precursor films were prepared by magnetron sputtering, respectively. Then the nanoporous Cu/Ag multilayer composite films were successfully prepared by selecting the appropriate H2SO4 solution as the dealloying solution. It was found that the nanoporous structure was stable in the dealloying solution. The morphology and structure of nanoporous multilayer films are mainly related to the phase composition of precursors. The structure of nanoporous multilayers can be simply regarded as the superposition of single-layer structures. Our work shows that nanoporous mu

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19

Yue, Jiang Ling, Yan Sheng Yin, and Ge Yang Li. "Microstructure, Mechanical Properties and Thermal Stability of TiAlN/Si₃N₄ Nano-Multilayer Films Deposited by Reactive Magnetron Sputtering." Advanced Materials Research 79-82 (August 2009): 489–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.79-82.489.

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A series of TiAlN/Si3N4 nano-multilayer films with various Si3N4 layer thicknesses were prepared by reactive magnetron sputtering. These multilayers were then annealed at temperatures ranging from 600 to 900°C in air for 1 hour. The composition, microstructure, and mechanical properties of the films were characterized by energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy, x-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and nanoindentation. It reveals that under the template effect of TiAlN layers in multilayers, as-deposited amorphous Si3N4 is crystallized and grows coherently with TiAlN layers when Si3N4

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20

Zhao, Mingyan, Reema Anouz, and Thomas Groth. "Effect of microenvironment on adhesion and differentiation of murine C3H10T1/2 cells cultured on multilayers containing collagen I and glycosaminoglycans." Journal of Tissue Engineering 11 (January 2020): 204173142094056. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2041731420940560.

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Polyelectrolyte multilayer coating is a promising tool to control cellular behavior. Murine C3H10T1/2 embryonic fibroblasts share many features with mesenchymal stem cells, which are good candidates for use in regenerative medicine. However, the interactions of C3H10T1/2 cells with polyelectrolyte multilayers have not been studied yet. Hence, the effect of molecular composition of biomimetic multilayers, by pairing collagen I (Col I) with either hyaluronic acid or chondroitin sulfate, based primarily on ion pairing and on additional intrinsic cross-linking was studied regarding the adhesion an

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21

Wang, Tao, Enrique Serra Bachs, Joris de Grooth, and Wiebe M. de Vos. "Advanced Oxidation Processes Coupled to Nanofiltration Membranes with Catalytic Fe0 Nanoparticles in Symmetric and Asymmetric Polyelectrolyte Multilayers." Membranes 13, no. 4 (2023): 388. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes13040388.

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The in situ synthesis of Fe0 particles using poly-(acrylic acid) (PAA) is an effective tool for fabricating catalytic membranes relevant to advanced oxidation processes (AOPs). Through their synthesis in polyelectrolyte multilayer-based nanofiltration membranes, it becomes possible to reject and degrade organic micropollutants simultaneously. In this work, we compare two approaches, where Fe0 nanoparticles are synthesized in or on symmetric multilayers and asymmetric multilayers. For the membrane with symmetric multilayers (4.0 bilayers of poly (diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDADMAC)/PAA)

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Buznikov, Nikita A., and Galina V. Kurlyandskaya. "A Model for the Magnetoimpedance Effect in Non-Symmetric Nanostructured Multilayered Films with Ferrogel Coverings." Sensors 21, no. 15 (2021): 5151. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21155151.

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Magnetoimpedance (MI) biosensors for the detection of in-tissue incorporated magnetic nanoparticles are a subject of special interest. The possibility of the detection of the ferrogel samples mimicking the natural tissues with nanoparticles was proven previously for symmetric MI thin-film multilayers. In this work, in order to describe the MI effect in non-symmetric multilayered elements covered by ferrogel layer we propose an electromagnetic model based on a solution of the 4Maxwell equations. The approach is based on the previous calculations of the distribution of electromagnetic fields in

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Anyfantis, Dimitrios I., Alexandros Barnasas, Nikolaos C. Diamantopoulos, et al. "Influence of Pt Ultrathin Interlayers on Magnetic Anisotropy in Ni/NiO Multilayers." Micro 4, no. 1 (2024): 157–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/micro4010011.

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Perpendicular magnetic anisotropy at transition metal/oxide interfaces plays a significant role in technological applications such as magnetic storage and spintronics. In this study, we investigate the effects of thermal annealing and Pt ultrathin interlayers on the magnetic anisotropy in Ni/NiO multilayers. Ni/NiO/Pt multilayers were fabricated via radiofrequency magnetron sputtering and natural oxidation. The static magnetic properties of the samples were studied using temperature-dependent SQUID magnetometry. We focus on a sample with a Nickel thickness of 6.7 nm in each multilayer period.

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Zhang, Chao, Lijun Shao, Yuming Dai, Duo Li, and Yuan Chen. "Individual Layer Thickness Dependence of Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Magnetron Sputtering Mo-W-Doped Ni/Ni3Al Multilayers." Coatings 12, no. 11 (2022): 1616. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings12111616.

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The mechanical properties of nanocrystalline pure Ni films are degraded due to grain coarsening with exposure for a long time in ambient. In order to further improve the mechanical properties of Ni-based thin films, as-sputtered Mo-W co-doped Ni/Ni3Al multilayered structures were constructed. When the individual layer thickness (h) is lower than 40 nm, both the average grain sizes and the crystallinity degrees are degraded, showing a tendency for the formation of the amorphous phase. With h = 40 nm, nano-twins were observed as (111) twining interfaces for the multilayers due to the reduction o

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Li, Y. P., X. F. Zhu, J. Tan, B. Wu, W. Wang, and G. P. Zhang. "Comparative investigation of strength and plastic instability in Cu/Au and Cu/Cr multilayers by indentation." Journal of Materials Research 24, no. 3 (2009): 728–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2009.0092.

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The mechanical response to indentation (including nano- and microindentation) has been investigated in Cu/Au and Cu/Cr multilayers with respective layer thickness ratios of 1:1 and 2:1, and individual layer thickness ranging from nanometer to submicrometer scale. It was found that the Cu/Cr multilayer has higher strength than the Cu/Au multilayer, although both multilayers have close Hall–Petch slope. Examination of indentation-induced deformation behavior shows that the Cu/Cr multilayer exhibits higher resistance to plastic deformation instability than the Cu/Au multilayer. Theoretical analys

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Tekgül, Atakan, Hakan Kockar, Hilal Kuru, and Mursel Alper. "Electrochemical Deposition of CoCu/Cu Multilayers: Structural and Magnetic Properties as a Function of Non-magnetic Layer Thickness." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A 73, no. 2 (2018): 127–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zna-2017-0332.

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AbstractElectrochemical deposition of CoCu/Cu multilayers was performed on titanium substrates from a single bath as a function of the Cu layer thicknesses. The deposition potentials were selected as −1.5 V for the magnetic layers and −0.3 V for the non-magnetic layers with respect to the saturated calomel electrode. The current-time transients were obtained during the deposition process, and the Co layer deposition and capacitive transients were calculated. On the basis of structural analysis, the multilayers were found to be polycrystalline with both Co and Cu layers adopting the face-center

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Zhang, Chao, Lishuai Xie, and Dongdong Zhang. "The Effect of Individual Layer Thickness on Chemical Ordering of Ni-Based Multilayers." Journal of Nanoelectronics and Optoelectronics 15, no. 6 (2020): 714–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jno.2020.2825.

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The microstructural evolution of magnetron sputtered Ni-based multilayers with different individual layer thicknesses h is investigated. The average grain size of multilayers and formation of chemical ordered Ni3Al phase are dependent on h in annealed Ni-based multilayer system which are disclosed by X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. Transformation of chemical ordering in the annealed multilayers is facilitated by large grains with lower density of grain boundaries when h ≥ 40 nm. On the contrary, when h < 40 nm, the retained disordered FCC Ni(Al) phase in the annealed

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He, J. L., W. Z. Li, and H. D. Li. "Simulation of nacre with TiN/Pt multilayers and a study of their hardness." Journal of Materials Research 12, no. 11 (1997): 3140–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1997.0410.

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TiN/Pt multilayers with individual thicknesses between 1 and 8 nm were prepared by ion beam sputtering deposition to simulate the micro-laminated architecture of nacre. Multilayer hardness and the laminated structure were investigated. It was found that sharp but incoherent interfaces were formed between individual layers. The multilayer hardness had strong dependence on layer arrangement. The range of layer thickness appropriate for high hardness was experimentally determined. Hardness enhancement of 30–70% was generally observed. With the layer thickness properly adjusted, the multilayer can

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Ramos, Ana Sofia, Sónia Simões, Lukasz Maj, Jerzy Morgiel, and Maria Teresa Vieira. "Effect of Deposition Parameters on the Reactivity of Al/Ni Multilayer Thin Films." Coatings 10, no. 8 (2020): 721. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings10080721.

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Nanoscale multilayers can be used as highly localized heat sources, making them attractive for several applications, in particular for joining and as igniters. Over the last decades, academia and industry have given particular emphasis to nanoscale multilayers from the Ni–Al system. In this study, Al/Ni (V) multilayer thin films with periods of nominally 25 and 50 nm (bilayer thickness) and near equiatomic average stoichiometry were produced by d.c. magnetron sputtering from Al (99.999% pure) and Ni (93 wt % Ni, 7 wt % V) targets (vanadium was added to the Ni target to make it non-magnetic). D

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Uyanik, Zemzem, Fulya Turkoglu, Hasan Koseoglu, et al. "Enhanced optoelectronic properties of magnetron sputtered ITO/Ag/ITO multilayers by electro-annealing." Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology B 40, no. 4 (2022): 042204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1116/6.0001868.

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Indium tin oxide/silver/indium tin oxide (ITO/Ag/ITO) multilayers have attracted much attention to fulfill the growing need for high-performance transparent conducting oxide electrodes. To make these transparent multilayers work better, electro-annealing, which is a method of self-heating by electric current, can be effective. Moreover, the effect of current on ITO/Ag/ITO multilayers should be investigated to make sure that electronic devices will be reliable over their lifetime. In this study, ITO/Ag/ITO multilayer electrodes with varying Ag thicknesses were grown by DC magnetron sputtering a

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Kot, Marcin, Kinga Chronowska-Przywara, Łukasz Major, and Juergen Lackner. "Adhesion of Cr/CrN Multilayers to Steel Substrates." Applied Mechanics and Materials 759 (May 2015): 27–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.759.27.

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Cr/CrN multilayers with a bilayer period λ = 62 ÷ 1000nm, were investigated. They were deposited by PLD technique on austenitic and ferritic stainless steel substrates. Coating hardness and adhesion to substrates were measured by nanoindentation and scratch testing. Multilayer properties were compared with single Cr and CrN coatings. The 2xCr/CrN and 4xCr/CrN multilayers exhibited hardness slightly lower than the hardness of a single CrN coating, while the critical load of the 4xCr/CrN multilayer, measured in the scratch test, was two times higher than for CrN. Furthermore, the character of co

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Zhu, Jingtao, Jiayi Zhang, Haochuan Li, et al. "Improving the soft X-ray reflectivity of Cr/Ti multilayers by co-deposition of B4C." Journal of Synchrotron Radiation 27, no. 6 (2020): 1614–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600577520011741.

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The `water window', covering 2.4–4.4 nm, is an important wavelength range particularly essential to biology research. Cr/Ti multilayers are one of the promising reflecting elements in this region because the near-normal-incidence reflectivity is theoretically as high as 64% at 2.73 nm. However, due to multilayer imperfections, the reported reflectivity is lower than 3% for near-normal incidence. Here, B and C were intentionally incorporated into ultra-thin Cr/Ti soft X-ray multilayers by co-deposition of B4C at the interfaces. The effect on the multilayer structure and composition has been inv

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Mesić, Mia, Tin Klačić, Anže Abram, Klemen Bohinc, and Davor Kovačević. "Role of Substrate Type in the Process of Polyelectrolyte Multilayer Formation." Polymers 14, no. 13 (2022): 2566. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14132566.

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Polyelectrolyte multilayers are coatings formed by the alternate deposition of polycations and polyanions on a charged surface. In this study we examined how the type of substrate affects a multilayer prepared from poly(allylamine hydrochloride) and poly(acrylic acid). Silicon and titanium wafers were used as substrates. Their properties were systematically studied using ellipsometry, tensiometry, atomic force microscopy and streaming potential measurements. Multilayers were built up at pH = 7 with tetramethylammonium chloride as the background salt. The growth of films was monitored by ellips

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Sidelev, Dmitrii Vladimirovich, Sergey Evgeneyvich Ruchkin, Ivan Andreevich Shelepov, et al. "Protective Cr Coatings with ZrO2/Cr Multilayers for Zirconium Fuel Claddings." Coatings 12, no. 10 (2022): 1409. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings12101409.

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This article described the protective properties of Cr coatings with a barrier layer composed of ZrO2/Cr multilayers deposited onto E110 zirconium alloy. The coatings with a ZrO2/Cr multilayer thickness of 100, 250, and 750 nm and single-layer (1.5 µm) ZrO2 barrier were obtained by multi-cathode magnetron sputtering in Ar + O2 atmosphere. Then, cracking resistance and oxidation behavior were studied under conditions of thermal cycling (1000 °C) in air and high-temperature oxidation at 1200–1400 °C in a water steam. The role of the ZrO2/Cr multilayers and multilayer thickness on cracking resist

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Li, Tongzhou, Zhe Zhang, Zile Wang, et al. "Microstructure Evolution in Magnetron-Sputtered WC/SiC Multilayers with Varied WC Layer Thicknesses." Coatings 14, no. 6 (2024): 720. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings14060720.

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Owing to the superior quality of the interface, WC/SiC multilayers have been considered promising candidates for X-ray Laue lenses in nano-focusing facilities and supermirrors in X-ray telescopes. To investigate the microstructure evolution in WC/SiC multilayers, a set of periodic multilayers was prepared with varied WC layer thicknesses ranging from 1.0 nm to 10.0 nm while keeping the thickness of the SiC layer constant at 3.0 nm. These samples were characterized using various analytical techniques, including GIXR, AFM, and XRD. An aperiodic WC/SiC multilayer sample was analyzed by TEM, EDX,

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Lai, Bo, Runze Qi, Zengbo Zhang, and Zhanshan Wang. "Study of Optical Performance and Structure of Yb/Al (1.5 wt.% Si) and Yb/Al (Pure) Multilayers Designed for the 73.6 nm Range." Coatings 14, no. 6 (2024): 659. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings14060659.

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Yb/Al multilayer films exhibit excellent theoretical reflectivity in the 54–90 nm wavelength range. This study attempted to incorporate 1.5% wt.% of Si impurities into Al to suppress the crystallization of Al, reduce interfacial roughness, and enhance the actual reflectivity of the prepared Yb/Al multilayer films. Internal microstructure changes in the film layers before and after Si impurity doping were investigated using GIXRR, AFM, and XRD techniques. The reflectivity of two types of multilayer films, Yb/Al (1.5 wt.% Si) and Yb/Al (pure), was tested to evaluate the effect of Si impurity on

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Suzuki, Kosuke, Masaki Hayata, Katsuhiko Minegishi, et al. "Study of Perpendicular Magnetic Anisotropy in Co/Au Multilayer Probed by Magnetic Compton Profile." Key Engineering Materials 596 (December 2013): 8–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.596.8.

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Magnetic Compton profiles (MCPs) of Co/Au multilayers have been measured and analyzed by DV-Xαcluster model calculations from a viewpoint of perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA). The PMA and the MCPs are discussed for the presently obtained results for Co/Au, along with the previously obtained results for Co/Pd and Co/Pt. A Co/Au multilayer shows a weak PMA which is caused by |m|=1 states of Co 3d electrons at a smooth Co/Au interface. The increase of the interface-to-volume ratio plays the main role in determining the perpendicular anisotropy in Co/Au multilayers. The strain of a Co layer

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Yamashita, K., H. Kunieda, Y. Tawara, and K. Tamura. "Multilayer X-Ray Optics for Future Missions." Symposium - International Astronomical Union 188 (1998): 337–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0074180900115426.

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Multilayers have a great potentiality to improve the image quality, spectral resolution and energy coverage of x-ray optical systems. The angular resolution of a normal incidence telescope aims at approaching the diffraction limit in the soft x-ray region. Multilayer supermirror makes it possible to fabricate a grazing incidence telescope with high sensitivity in hard x-ray region. Multilayer coated gratings are also useful dispersive elements with high efficiency and spectral resolution in the 2-10keV region. The application of multilayers is expected to open up a new field in astronomical im

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Bonevich, J., D. van Heerden, and D. Josell. "Face-centered-cubic titanium: An artifact in titanium/aluminum multilayers." Journal of Materials Research 14, no. 5 (1999): 1977–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1999.0266.

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The present investigation is the first comprehensive comparative study of x-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) results to address the important issue of fcc Ti formation in nanoscale multilayers. Ti/Al multilayers with 7.2 and 5.2 nm composition modulation wavelengths were studied by reflection and transmission XRD as well as transmission electron diffraction (ED), high-resolution TEM, and energy-filtered TEM. Previous reports have claimed deposition of fcc Ti in multilayer systems. Our results demonstrate that the Ti in Ti/Al multilayers deposits in the hcp form

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Allred, D. D., J. Gonzalez-Hernandez, O. V. Nguyen, D. Martin, and D. Pawlik. "Raman scattering and x-ray diffraction characterization of amorphous semiconductor multilayer interfaces." Journal of Materials Research 1, no. 3 (1986): 468–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1986.0468.

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Raman spectroscopy (RS) and low-angle x-ray diffraction (LAXRD) have been used to characterize semiconductor multilayer interfaces. In the present study a model for Raman spectra of multilayers is developed and applied to the specific case of the interfaces of a-Si/a-Ge multilayers. Quantification of the “blurring” of interfaces is possible because peak heights in the Raman spectra of thin films are proportional to the number of scatterers, thus RS is capable of directly “counting” the total number of chemical bonds of a given type in the film. Multilayers, prepared by various deposition techn

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Gîfu, Ioana Cătălina, Monica Elisabeta Maxim, Ludmila Otilia Cinteza, et al. "Antimicrobial Activities of Hydrophobically Modified Poly(Acrylate) Films and Their Complexes with Different Chain Length Cationic Surfactants." Coatings 9, no. 4 (2019): 244. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings9040244.

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Multilayer films from hydrophobically modified poly(acrylic acid) (HMPA) and their complexes with cationic surfactants were successfully prepared using the layer-by-layer (LbL) method. Alkyl trimethylammonium bromide derivatives with various lengths of the hydrophobic chain (C10–C18) were used to interact with the HMPA polymer, generating highly hydrophobic domains in the films and contributing to the antimicrobial properties of the prepared coating. The antimicrobial efficiency against common pathogens such as Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Candida albica

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Sarkar, P., A. Biswas, N. Abharana, S. Rai, M. H. Modi, and D. Bhattacharyya. "Interface modification of Cr/Ti multilayers with C barrier layer for enhanced reflectivity in the water window regime." Journal of Synchrotron Radiation 28, no. 1 (2021): 224–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600577520013429.

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The influence of a carbon barrier layer to improve the reflectivity of Cr/Ti multilayers, intended to be used in the water window wavelength regime, is investigated. Specular grazing-incidence X-ray reflectivity results of Cr/Ti multilayers with 10 bilayers show that interface widths are reduced to ∼0.24 nm upon introduction of a ∼0.3 nm C barrier layer at each Cr-on-Ti interface. As the number of bilayers increases to 75, a multilayer with C barrier layers maintains almost the same interface widths with no cumulative increase in interface imperfections. Using such interface-engineered Cr/C/Ti

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Kucharska, Barbara, Edyta Kulej, and Jarosław Kanak. "A Comparative Study on the Cu/Ni Multilayer Period Using Two X-Ray Wavelengths." Solid State Phenomena 163 (June 2010): 291–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.163.291.

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This paper presents the results of X-ray research on the structure of Cu/Ni multilayers magnetron-deposited on a Si (100) substrate. The multilayers, each consisting of a hundred Cu/Ni double-layers, but with a variable thickness of the Ni (1,2÷3nm) sublayer, were investigated. The thickness of the Cu sublayer was the same for all multilayers investigated and equalled 2nm. X-ray measurements were taken using filtered radiation with λCu=0.15405 nm and λCo=0.17902nm. The coatings were examined in respect of the angle at which the (111) reflection and satellite peaks appeared together. The obtain

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WANG, H. F., Y. Z. ZHANG, L. H. LIU та ін. "TRANSPORT PROPERTIES OF La2-x1Srx1CuO4+δ/La2-x2Srx2CuO4+δ MULTILAYERS GROWN BY LASER ABLATION". International Journal of Modern Physics B 27, № 15 (2013): 1362029. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979213620294.

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A series of La 2-x1 Sr x1 CuO 4+δ/ La 2-x2 Sr x2 CuO 4+δ multilayers were epitaxially grown on (001) LaSrAlO 4 and (001) SrTiO 3 substrates by laser ablation, where x1 = 0.0, 0.08 (underdoped) and x2 = 0.24, 0.32, 0.45 (over-doped). Before the depositions of each multilayer, all of the single layers were deposited and characterized, and then the multilayers were deposited by using the same deposition condition except shifting targets for laser ablation. These multilayers are highly c-axis oriented. Several modulation wavelengths of the sublayers were selected for preparing the multilayers. The

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JIANG, HONGCHUAN, CHAOJIE WANG, WANLI ZHANG, and XU SI. "MICROSTRUCTURE AND ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES OF Al/TaNx MULTILAYERS." Functional Materials Letters 03, no. 02 (2010): 131–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793604710000993.

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Al/TaN x multilayers were deposited on Al 2 O 3 wafers by DC reactive magnetron sputtering. Microstructure and electrical properties of the samples were investigated in detail. The results show that more compact and smoother surfaces than that of TaN x thin films can be obtained in the Al/TaN x multilayers. Metal Al phases precipitate out from all the Al/TaN x multilayer samples. The main phases in the Al/TaN x multilayers are poor nitrogen phases when sputtered at lower nitrogen partial flux. However, rich nitrogen phases gradually precipitate out from the samples at higher nitrogen partial f

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Aye, Moe M., Elmeri Rivasto, Mukarram Z. Khan, et al. "Multilayering BZO nanocolumns with different defect densities for YBCO high field applications." New Journal of Physics 23, no. 11 (2021): 113031. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1367-2630/ac3682.

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Abstract The multilayer structures of alternating superconducting YBCO films doped with different BZO nanocolumn densities were utilized. We show that using 50 nm thick layers increases J c in the whole angular range by maximum 40% as compared with 200 nm single layer BZO-doped or multilayers with smaller thickness. Multilayering is found to be most effective at high magnetic fields and temperatures. These results indicate that demonstrated multilayer structures are extremely attractive for various electrical power applications in the foreseeable future. The experimental outcomes are thoroughl

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P. Simanjuntak, Herbert. "Transmission of Polarized Electrons through Multilayered Spintronics." Journal of Modern Nanotechnology, April 7, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.53964/jmn.2024001.

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Objectives: We study transmission of polarized electrons through multilayered spintronics of the form of n-cell periodic (L/R)n and symmetric (L/R)nL multilayers. L and R are layers of ferromagnetic semiconductors or insulators. The multilayers are of arbitrary sizes with layer L of width a and layer R of width b. The number of cells n is arbitrary positive integer. For specific examples, we use ferromagnetic semiconductors Ga0.73Mn0.27N, In0.92Fe0.08As and Ga0.8Fe0.2N which have different sd-exchange energies. For the insulators, we use non-ferromagnetic insulator Al0.3Ga0.7As, and ferromagne

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Mokhles, Mohammad, Seyed Mojtaba Zebarjad, Habib Danesh-Manesh, and Tushar R. Dandekar. "Enhancing Ni–Ti shape memory alloy diffusion bonding with Ti/Ni reactive multilayer foils." Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Engineering 19, no. 1 (2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40712-024-00162-y.

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AbstractThis study investigates the utilization of Ti/Ni reactive multilayer foils as an energy source for facilitating the joining of Ni–Ti shape memory alloys through diffusion bonding. Multilayered samples were prepared using a 10-cycle accumulative roll bonding (ARB) process to be used for the bonding process. Diffusion bonding employing reactive multilayers was conducted over a temperature range of 600 °C to 900 °C, at 5 MPa pressure, with a 1-h hold time. Additionally, a comparison was made with a diffusion-bonded Nitinol sample at 900 °C without a reactive multilayer. Materials characte

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Shima, M., L. Salamanca-Riba, and L. J. Swartzendruber. "Magnetoresistive Properties of Quasiperiodic Metallic Multilayers." MRS Proceedings 451 (1996). http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/proc-451-419.

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ABSTRACTFibonacci Ni/Cu multilayers were fabricated by electrodeposition for the first time. The deposition of these quasiperiodic as well as periodic multilayers was fully controlled by a computer. X-ray diffraction spectra from a quasiperiodic multilayer built up from blocks of Ni(8ML)/Cu(4.5ML) and Ni(8ML)/Cu(9ML) indicate that the multilayer is of good quality. Since a Fibonacci multilayer has a quasiperiodic nature, the magnetoresistance effect in this system is expected to give more information about the mechanism for magnetic interlayer coupling in the GMR effect. The magnetic and magne

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Song, Jieyuan, Thomas Scheike, Cong He, et al. "Incommensurate superlattice modulation surviving down to an atomic scale in sputter-deposited Co/Pt(111) epitaxial multilayered films." APL Materials 12, no. 10 (2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0233911.

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We report the structural feature of sputter-deposited epitaxial [Co (0.2 nm)/Pt (0.2–1.0 nm)] multilayered films prepared with various periodic structural designs consisting of non-integer numbers of Co and Pt monoatomic layers on an atomically flat Ru(0001). Sharp superlattice modulation peaks and their systematic changes with the Pt thicknesses were observed in the x-ray diffraction (XRD) spectrum. The formation of periodic structures shows that layer-by-layer like growth occurs and the resulting incommensurate superlattice modulation survives down to an atomic scale even in the sputter-depo

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