Journal articles: 'Multilevel marketing'

1

Abassian, Aline, and Farshid Safi. "Mathematizing Multilevel Marketing." Mathematics Teacher: Learning and Teaching PK-12 113, no. 5 (May 2020): 416–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.5951/mtlt.2019.0298.

Full text

Abstract:

This article dives into the importance of engaging students in investigating the mathematics of businesses that pressure their members to recruit new members as a basis for success, also referred to as multi-level marketing (MLM). The mathematics behind these businesses are discussed, and a sample student task is given.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Warzecha, Alina. "SPECIFIC MARKETING RELATIONSHIP IN MULTILEVEL MARKETING." sj-economics scientific journal 10 (December 30, 2012): 81–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.58246/sjeconomics.v10i.449.

Full text

Abstract:

The article presents the essence of relationship marketing topics in the modern enterprise. In addition, author presents a brief characterization of MLM companies operating in a market economy. Into this article the author presents the role of leadership of MLM in the company and never discussed so far unpublished stages of development of the relations between the leading MLM company and its structure. It has been presented the customer of MLM life cycle.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Kare, Shivani. "Smart Unary Multilevel Marketing." INTERANTIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 08, no. 05 (May 19, 2024): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.55041/ijsrem34317.

Full text

Abstract:

The "Raksham" project stands as a cutting-edge Unilevel Marketing platform meticulously engineered to promote and distribute Raksham Ayurvedic health-conscious products. Harnessing a sophisticated amalgamation of HTML, CSS, JavaScript, MySQL, and PHP technologies, Raksham orchestrates a seamless and intuitive interface for interactions between distributors and end-users, redefining the paradigm of online marketing and sales. The Admin Portal emerges as the nerve center of Raksham, furnishing distributors with an array of powerful tools and features to streamline their operations. These include dynamic dashboards that furnish real-time insights into team performance, robust profile management capabilities, streamlined package enrollment processes, agile payment systems for seamless financial transactions, and sophisticated team management functionalities. These tools empower distributors to monitor their business performance meticulously, manage their teams effectively, and orchestrate secure and efficient financial transactions with ease. On the end-user front, Raksham presents a captivating and user-centric interface designed to enhance the shopping experience and foster customer engagement. Through features like intuitive messenger services facilitating seamless communication between users and distributors, comprehensive product catalogs showcasing the diverse range of Raksham products, and streamlined order tracking mechanisms, Raksham ensures that end-users can navigate the platform effortlessly, make informed purchasing decisions, and track their orders with convenience. The strategic integration of these features within Raksham's technological infrastructure not only augments operational efficiencies for distributors but also enhances user satisfaction and engagement among end-users. By leveraging state-of-the-art technologies and a user-centric design philosophy, Raksham solidifies its position as a formidable contender in the realm of Ayurvedic health-conscious products, poised to revolutionize the landscape of online marketing and sales in this domain. Keywords: The Advertising, Business ,Social , Network Service, Internet, Data Mining, Website

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

Bloch, Brian. "Multilevel marketing: what’s the catch?" Journal of Consumer Marketing 13, no. 4 (August 1996): 18–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/07363769610124519.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

Bloch, Brian. "Multilevel Marketing: What's The Catch?" Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing and Logistics 8, no. 1 (January 1996): 21–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eb010267.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

Çakmak, Ali Çağlar. "ŞEBEKE YOLUYLA PAZARLAMA SİSTEMİNDE TEŞVİK PLANLARI VE GELİR HESAPLAMA YÖNTEMLERİ COMPENSATION PLANS AND INCOME CALCULATION METHODS IN MULTILEVEL MARKETING SYSTEM." Business & Management Studies: An International Journal 1, no. 1 (December 18, 2013): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.15295/bmij.v1i1.15.

Full text

Abstract:

The multilevel marketing system which has been mentioned frequently nowadays takes place in marketing literature at direct selling, a non-store retailing’s subsection. In the multilevel marketing system that is a type of direct selling, there are two different selling incomes promised for the direct sellers. One of them is selling income which occurs to sell products and the other is a payment income over a new member’s selling who is sponsored by an old member referred as sponsor. The multilevel marketing firms can use different compensation plans and income calculation methods when income is distributed to their members. These compensation plans and income calculation methods in multilevel marketing system have been explained in this research.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

Çakmak, Ali Çağlar. "ŞEBEKE YOLUYLA PAZARLAMA SİSTEMİNDE TEŞVİK PLANLARI VE GELİR HESAPLAMA YÖNTEMLERİ." Business & Management Studies: An International Journal 1, no. 1 (December 18, 2013): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.15295/bmij.v1i1.71.

Full text

Abstract:

The multilevel marketing system which has been mentioned frequently nowadays takes place in marketing literature at direct selling, a non-store retailing’s subsection. In the multilevel marketing system that is a type of direct selling, there are two different selling incomes promised for the direct sellers. One of them is selling income which occurs to sell products and the other is a payment income over a new member’s selling who is sponsored by an old member referred as sponsor. The multilevel marketing firms can use different compensation plans and income calculation methods when income is distributed to their members. These compensation plans and income calculation methods in multilevel marketing system have been explained in this research.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

Schiffauer, Leonie. "Let’s get rich: Multilevel marketing and the moral economy in Siberia." Critique of Anthropology 38, no. 3 (May 19, 2018): 285–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0308275x18775207.

Full text

Abstract:

Multinational multilevel marketing companies like Amway advertise the opportunity to get rich by selling their products and by recruiting further salespeople into their schemes. Multilevel marketing is a highly contested industry worldwide because of its predatory marketing strategies, exaggerated promises and the fact that only few participants are successful in their attempt to make money. This paper examines the moral logics of multilevel marketing in a rural part of Southeast Siberia, exploring how Amway manages to thrive on the basis of intimate social relationships. I argue that it is not only individual aspirations and the dream of great wealth which makes people join multilevel marketing schemes, but that feelings of obligation, expectations of support and intimate pressure are crucial for pushing people towards such economic activity.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

Ray, Jean-Claude, and Daniel Ray. "Multilevel Modeling for Marketing: A Primer." Recherche et Applications en Marketing (English Edition) 23, no. 1 (March 2008): 55–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/205157070802300104.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

Albaum, Gerald, and Robert A. Peterson. "Multilevel (network) marketing: An objective view." Marketing Review 11, no. 4 (December 12, 2011): 347–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1362/146934711x13210328715902.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

11

Legara, Erika Fille, Christopher Monterola, Dranreb Earl Juanico, Marisciel Litong-Palima, and Caesar Saloma. "Earning potential in multilevel marketing enterprises." Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications 387, no. 19-20 (August 2008): 4889–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physa.2008.04.009.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

12

Pang, James Christopher S., and Christopher P. Monterola. "Dendritic growth model of multilevel marketing." Communications in Nonlinear Science and Numerical Simulation 43 (February 2017): 100–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cnsns.2016.06.030.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

13

Hatchaleelaha, Somchai, and Winai Wongsurawat. "Multilevel marketing and entrepreneurship in Thailand." Journal of Research in Marketing and Entrepreneurship 18, no. 1 (July 11, 2016): 146–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jrme-04-2015-0025.

Full text

Abstract:

Purpose The purpose of this research is to trace the development of a major player in the health/wellness direct sales industry in Thailand and draw lessons about growth strategies and approaches in dealing with common entrepreneurial challenges. Design/methodology/approach In preparing the case study narrative, primary data from the direct experience of the company founder were combined with secondary sources of information on the landscape of direct sales industry in Thailand. Key lessons were developed from discussion and reflection on experiences of people involved in the development of the company. Findings A multi-billion baht, direct sales business with over 100,000 members was built from the ground up in a span of one decade. Recruiting and retaining members with the right level of entrepreneurial drive is a constant challenge for the growing venture. Incorporating new technology to help manage information about members, customers and stock will play a central role in creating future growth opportunities. Research limitations/implications The research represents a single case study so generalization is naturally limited. Originality/value Direct sales entails a considerable amount of stigma, resulting in a limited number of frank and detailed analysis of such businesses and their founding entrepreneurs. This study represents an attempt to fill this gap and will hopefully stimulate more investigation into a business model that appears to be thriving in many emerging economies in Southeast Asia.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

14

Gitonga, Dennis Mundavandi, and Dr Jennifer M. Kilonzo. "A MONITORING AND EVALUATION PROGRAM TO ASSESS IMPACT OF MULTILEVEL MARKETING ON LIVING STANDARDS OF YOUNG GENERATION." International Journal of Marketing Strategies 3, no. 1 (May 9, 2018): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.47672/ijms.328.

Full text

Abstract:

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to establish the impact or effect of multilevel marketing among Kenyan youths who are unemployed.Methodology: The study was associated with positivism research philosophy. The study employed Descriptive research design. Both Purposive sampling and stratified random sampling techniques were applied to select a sample for the study. Questionnaire and interviews were used in collecting primary data. For management of the qualitative data computer software for qualitative data analysis, ENVIVO 10 was used. The qualitative data was subjected to content analysis.Results: For one to succeed in multi-level marketing must have skills and knowledge of what multi-level marketing is. Internet is a key very important element in conducting multi-level marketing especially at this century where everything is digitalized. Most of multilevel marketing requires some initial investment for one to be a member. From the findings the facilities and equipment required to conduct multi-level marketing are; Android mobile phones, tablets, laptops and computers.Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: The study recommends that in order for more youths to join multilevel marketing, The Multilevel marketing companies should reduce the amount of money one needs to pay to become a member. The Multilevel marketing companies should also offer numerous trainings to new individuals joining the business to equip them with more knowledge on how they can become successful as they carry on this type of business. The multilevel companies for instance insurance industries should come up with more innovative products that address needs of consumers.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

15

Nat, Peter J. Vander, and William W. Keep. "Marketing Fraud: An Approach for Differentiating Multilevel Marketing from Pyramid Schemes." Journal of Public Policy & Marketing 21, no. 1 (April 2002): 139–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1509/jppm.21.1.139.17603.

Full text

Abstract:

A specific form of direct selling, multilevel marketing (MLM), experienced significant international growth during the 1990s, facilitated in part by the development of the Internet. A corresponding increase in the investigation and prosecution of illegal pyramid schemes occurred during the same period. These parallel activities led to increased uncertainty among marketing managers who used or wished to use the MLM approach. The authors examine similarities between the multilevel approach to marketing and activities associated with illegal pyramid schemes. A mathematical model is used to differentiate between the two on the basis of previous pyramid scheme cases and current U.S. law. The results of the model suggest key factors that marketers interested in MLM will need to consider when developing this type of distribution channel.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

16

Hidayati, Tri, Masyithah Umar, and Fathurrahman Azhari. "Political Reorientation of Indonesian Sharia Economic Law: Legal Politic of Trade Law on Sharia Multilevel Marketing." Mazahib 21, no. 2 (December 27, 2022): 245–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.21093/mj.v21i2.4971.

Full text

Abstract:

Sharia multilevel marketing is a part of Sharia economic activity that has not been internalized in Indonesian trade law. This article discusses the formation of legal norms for direct selling in Indonesia and analyzes the legal politics of establishing trade law against sharia multilevel marketing. This article is normative legal research that uses both statutory and historical approaches. The data for this study were sourced from literature and interviews and using the inductive method analysis. The findings are, firstly, the law of multilevel marketing in Indonesia, through the stages of regulation and legislation, aims to provide legal certainty and anticipate the practice of pyramid schemes. Second, in legal politics, the formation of national trade law is not responsive to the existence of a Sharia economic system, especially sharia multilevel marketing.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

17

Alrahawan, Mohammad. "Multilevel Marketing: Inner Workings, Socioeconomic Effects and the Islamic Juridical View." Al Qasimia University Journal of Islamic Economics 1, no. 2 (December 3, 2021): 144–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.52747/aqujie.1.2.67.

Full text

Abstract:

The intent of this article is to highlight the origins and development of multilevel marketing, its inner workings, and Islamic juridical views on its activities. One group of Muslim scholars permits it while others forbid it. The view forbidding it is the majority opinion. The juridical viewpoint forbidding multilevel marketing is more convincing than the view permitting it because of research-based evidence highlighting the reality of its inner workings, its socioeconomic harms and stronger juristic arguments opposing it. The inner workings of multilevel market reveal why the majority opinion forbids this so-called business model. This article aims to introduce a sharia-compliant version of the multilevel marketing model which may align with the Islamic perspective.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

18

Abdullah, Rais, Rabiatul Adawiyah, and Abdul Gafur. "al-Taswîq Muta'addid al-Mustawayât al-Mustawayât fî Daw al-Maqâsîd al-Shar'iyyah al-Khâssah bi al-Mâl." Ulul Albab: Jurnal Studi dan Penelitian Hukum Islam 5, no. 1 (January 8, 2022): 83. http://dx.doi.org/10.30659/jua.v5i1.18032.

Full text

Abstract:

Multilevel marketing is a new case that is not found in the legal explanation of the Al-qur’ān or in the sunnah; to determine the law, the moslem scholars have “ijtihād” by using various approaches, both economic approaches and fiqh approaches. Because of the different points of view they use, the legal provisions produced vary; some forbid, and others allow. This study seeks to highlight multilevel marketing from the perspective of Maqāṣid syari’a relating to property, this study is carried out using qualitative analytical descriptive methods and is based on literature. The significance of this study is because it bases its discussion on maqāṣid syari’a, which is a discipline that reveals the wisdom, and the ultimate goal of a rule set by God for humans. The results of the study confirm that multilevel marketing in practice violates the principles of maqāṣid syari’a relating to property; therefore, this study strengthens the opinion that prohibits the practice of multilevel marketing in economic Activities

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

19

Hum, Sin‐Hoon, and Mahmut Parlar. "Modeling and optimization of multilevel marketing operations." Naval Research Logistics (NRL) 69, no. 4 (November 3, 2021): 581–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nav.22031.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

20

Lee, Kwee-Fah, and Kai-Yin Loi. "Towards Satisfying Distributors in Multilevel Marketing Companies." International Journal Of Management and Applied Research 3, no. 1 (May 30, 2015): 48–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.18646/2056.31.16-004.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

21

Herbig, Paul, and Rama Yelkurm. "A Review of the Multilevel Marketing Phenomenon." Journal of Marketing Channels 6, no. 1 (September 8, 1997): 17–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j049v06n01_02.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

22

Zemanian, A. H. "Multilevel marketing networks in less-developed countries." Applied Mathematics and Computation 18, no. 3 (April 1986): 185–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0096-3003(86)90014-7.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

23

Muhammad Iqbal and Aulia Ulfah. "ANALISIS SISTEM PEMBAGIAN KEUNTUNGAN PADA PT. HALAL NETWORK INTERNASIONAL HERBA PENAWAR AL-WAHIDA INDONESIA (HNI-HPAI) DALAM PERSPEKTIF AKAD SAMSARAH." Al-Mudharabah: Jurnal Ekonomi dan Keuangan Syariah 2, no. 1 (June 3, 2020): 21–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.22373/al-mudharabah.v2i1.814.

Full text

Abstract:

Sistem pemasaran berjenjang akhir-akhir ini banyak diminati oleh masyarakat karena selain memudahkan, multilevel marketing juga memberikan keuntungan kepada pembelinya, dimana keuntungan tersebut diperoleh dari bonus yang terdapat pada harga setiap produk. Setiap perusahaan multilevel marketing berbeda-beda akan pembagian keuntungannya. Dalam hal ini ada beberapa perusahaan multilevel marketing yang memberikan janji keuntungan yang besar namun tidak jelas darimana keuntungan tersebut diperoleh. Ketentuan dalam praktik akad samsarah mengenai pembagian keuntungan multilevel marketing adalah adanya kejelasan pada operasional perusahaan, baik dari segi kehalalan produk maupun dari segi pembagian keuntungannya. Pertanyaan penelitian dalam skripsi ini adalah bagaimana sistem pembagian keuntungan antara member, agen/reseller, dan perusahaan pada PT. Halal Network Internasional Herba Penawar Al-Wahida Indonesia (HNI-HPAI), bagaimana perhitungan biaya pengiriman barang yang dibebankan kepada agen /reseller pada PT. Halal Network Internasional Herba Penawar Al-Wahida Indonesia (HNI-HPAI), dan bagaimana sistem pembagian keuntungan yang dilakukan PT. Halal Network Internasional Herba Penawar Al-Wahida Indonesia (HNI-HPAI) terhadap member dan agen/reseller menurut perspektif akad Samsarah. Dalam penelitian ini penulis menggunakan metode penelitian kepustakaan dan penelitian kualitatif yaitu pengumpulan data pada suatu latar alamiah dengan maksud menafsirkan fenomena yang terjadi. Dari paparan diatas dapat disimpulkan bahwa pembagian keuntungan kerjasama pada PT. Halal Network Internasional Herba Penawar Al-Wahida Indonesia (HNI-HPAI) telah sesuai dengan ketentuan dalam akad samsarah. Jika tidak maka perusahaan multilevel marketing tersebut haram akan operasionalnya.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

24

Aldalida Djo Nara, Antonius Philipus Kurniawan, and Yosef Tonce. "Strategi Pemasaran Multilevel Marketing Pt. Melia Sehat Sejahtera Cabang Maumere." Jurnal Projemen UNIPA 10, no. 3 (September 22, 2023): 115–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.59603/projemen.v10i3.157.

Full text

Abstract:

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk (1) mengetahui Strategi Pemasaran Multilevel marketing PT. Melia Sehat Sejahtera Cabang Maumere. (2) Untuk mengetahui Faktor-faktor apa saja yang mendukung dan menghambat Strategi Pemasaran Multilevel marketing PT. Melia Sehat Sejahtera Cabang Maumere. Hal ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode Analisis SWOT (Strenght, Weakness, Opportunity, Threat) yang dicetuskan oleh Rangkuti. Penelitian ini mengunakan metode Kualitatif Deskriptif. Subjek dari penelitian ini adalah PT Melia Sehat Sejahtera, dalam mengaplikasikan strategi pemasarannya. Sedangkan Objek penelitian ini adalah Strategi Pemasaran Multilevel Marketing PT. Melia Sehat Sejahtera Cabang Maumere. Hasil wawancara yang telah diteliti bahwa Strategi Pemasaran pada PT. Melia Sehat Sejahtera Cabang Maumere adalah dengan cara melakuan kegiatan berupa: (a)Home Prospek, (b)Home Sharing, (c)Open Plan Presentation, (d)Workshop dan (e)Training. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa PT. Melia Sehat Sejahtera telah menerapkan strategi marketing mix yang menggunakan variabel 4P yaitu Product, Price, Place Dan Promotion.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

25

Oloveze, Ambrose Ogbonna, Ogbonnaya Ukeh Oteh, Raphael Valentine Obodoechi Okonkwo, Kelvin Chukwuoyims, Charles Chiatulamiro Ollawa, Paschal Anayochukwu Ugwu, and Chinweike Ogbonna. "Consumer Motivation and Multilevel Marketing on Health Products." Health Economics and Management Review 2, no. 3 (2021): 97–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.21272/hem.2021.3-09.

Full text

Abstract:

Multi Level Marketing (MLM) for healthcare product is one of the dramatic transformations that have emerged in contemporary times with varying behavioral responses. Its increasing acceptance in Nigeria is because people find it an alternative option to addressing diverse health concerns amidst other economic benefits. The study considered multilevel marketing in health with a key focus on the relationship between multilevel health products and continuance intention. Descriptive statistics and SEM statistical tool was employed in the analysis. This study therefore examines the issue of MLM and motivating factors and continued intention to engage in MLM in the health related product categories. An online survey was administered on 227 networkers of MLM in South-East, Nigeria. The data was analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) and descriptive statistics. Result shows that Nature Renascence International (NRI), Longrich, and Norland are the major MLM brands. Other not popular brands are Edmark, Tianshi, AIM Global, Forever Living Products, Oriflame, and Neolife. However, the major challenge lies in getting down-liners / new people to register and be part of the MLM business. Analysis shows that wealth benefit is the major motivation to join an MLM despite the promises of health benefits. Specifically, wealth benefit is found to be significantly related to health benefit. The study also provides evidence that there is a nexus between wealth benefit and ethical concern. Also, wealth benefit has a significant effect on continued intention. The recommendation centers on policy-drive and regulation. An appropriate policy that addresses the establishment and operation of businesses that engages in MLM of health products is required. This is paramount in other to curtail unethical practices and sharp practices from MLM businesses. In addition, there is a need for proper regulation. The regulation is required to control the use of unprofessional healthcare personnel in counseling and prescribing health drugs as well as targeting issues of false claims.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

26

Wieseke, Jan, Nick Lee, Amanda J. Broderick, Jeremy F. Dawson, and Rolf Van Dick. "Multilevel Analysis in Marketing Research: Differentiating Analytical Outcomes." Journal of Marketing Theory and Practice 16, no. 4 (September 2008): 321–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2753/mtp1069-6679160405.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

27

Antler, Yair. "Multilevel marketing: Pyramid‐shaped schemes or exploitative scams?" Theoretical Economics 18, no. 2 (2023): 633–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3982/te4890.

Full text

Abstract:

Motivated by the growing discussion on the resemblance of multilevel marketing schemes to pyramid scams, we compare the two phenomena based on their underlying compensation structures. We show that a company can design a pyramid scam to exploit a network of agents with coarse beliefs and that this requires the company to charge the participants a license fee and pay them a recruitment commission for each of the people that they recruit and that their recruits recruit. We characterize the schemes that maximize a company's profit when it faces fully rational agents, and establish that the company never finds it profitable to charge them a license fee or pay them recruitment commissions.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

28

Kim, Eunjeoung. "A Study on Intrinsic Motivation and Business Continuity of Multi-Level Marketing Sellers: Focusing on Participants in Happy Enterprises." Korean Society of Culture and Convergence 45, no. 4 (April 30, 2023): 781–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.33645/cnc.2023.04.45.04.781.

Full text

Abstract:

This study focuses on the 'motivations' of participants in multilevel marketing and explores how sellers of happiness companies experience and sustain the business. When consumers perceive multilevel marketing as a tool to realize their dreams, they become active sellers who practice the “action” of selling. The motivations for staying in business as a seller are categorized as 'financial freedom', 'freedom from bondage', 'freedom to challenge', and 'freedom to be healthy'. Participants in Happiness Enterprises are both consumers and workers, sellers and entrepreneurs, but as long as they view the multilevel as a tool for realizing their desires, we find that even though the motivations of the sellers are different, their effects are the same.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

29

Brătucu, Gabriel, and Ioana Mădălina Ciongradi. "Qualitative Marketing Research for the Consumer Behaviour Specific to the Multilevel Marketing System .." SERIES V - ECONOMIC SCIENCES 12(61), no. 1 (June 28, 2019): 23–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.31926/but.es.2019.12.61.1.3.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

30

Niemand, Thomas, Sascha Kraus, Sophia Mather, and Antonio C. Cuenca-Ballester. "Multilevel marketing: optimizing marketing effectiveness for high-involvement goods in the automotive industry." International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal 16, no. 4 (May 16, 2020): 1367–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11365-020-00669-8.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract With a surge in communication channels increasing the complexity of today’s media landscape, companies face new challenges concerning the allocation of their advertising budget. As consumers become increasingly more autonomous in gathering information from the channels they deem most suitable, they encounter several touchpoints on their customer journey. Marketers struggle with the assessment of channel effectiveness. Despite a rise in research on the topic of attribution, findings and methodology vary greatly regarding variables and outcomes. The question of how to determine suitable attribution modeling that optimizes advertising effectiveness thus remains unanswered. This article aims at assessing which factors influence channel effectiveness in the context of high-involvement goods. Based on a unique dataset from a multinational car manufacturer, a Structural Vector Autoregressive model has been formulated revealing channel interactions, lagged effects of advertising and conversion funnel stages as being highly influential factors concerning channel effectiveness.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

31

Boukis, Achilleas, Kostas Kaminakis, Anastasios Siampos, and Ioannis Kostopoulos. "Linking internal marketing with customer outcomes." Marketing Intelligence & Planning 33, no. 3 (May 5, 2015): 394–413. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mip-02-2014-0024.

Full text

Abstract:

Purpose – The purpose of this study is to explore how the adoption of an internal marketing (IM) programme in a retail banking setting enhances some positive employee behaviours that promote customer perceived service quality. Design/methodology/approach – A multilevel research design is adopted which draws evidence from branch managers, employees and customers in order to investigate whether branch manager’s adoption of an IM philosophy affects front-line employee responsiveness to the firm’s IM strategies and their levels of motivation, empowerment and organizational identification (OI), respectively. Findings – Results indicate that manager’s IM adoption can enhance employee adoption of IM and raises their levels of motivation, empowerment and OI. The moderating role of manager-employee dissimilarity is also discussed. Finally, findings confirm that employee motivation, empowerment and OI affect customer perceptions of service quality. Originality/value – This study provides an important shift by formally including IM into multilevel marketing research and establishes another link in the IM-organizational performance relationship, uncovering some behavioural routes through which the positive effects of IM can add to the achievement of firm’s external marketing objectives.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

32

Selamet, Thamrin, Tirta Nugraha Mursitama, Asnan Furinto, and Pantri Heriyati. "Multi-Level Marketing Firm Research and Industry Development: A Systematic Literature Review." Webology 19, no. 1 (January 20, 2022): 3561–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.14704/web/v19i1/web19235.

Full text

Abstract:

Multilevel marketing (MLM), network marketing, and network marketing direct sales organizations are some of the terms used to describe in the related direct selling industry. The network marketing industry is rapidly expanding, particularly during times of crisis, and is quickly becoming a popular opportunity among other industries. It is a fantastic opportunity for people who want to start a business but lack the necessary capital. It also allows them to improve their presentation, communication, motivation, and interpersonal skills. This research paper aims to understand the mapping of MLM research topics by examining various research papers from well-known and trusted digital libraries. This systematic literature research paper can serve as a reference for future research on the Multilevel Marketing industry. Based on these findings, the MLM industry's management and strategy research is largely unexplored and there is still a significant and necessary gap in research on the MLM industry.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

33

W. Keep, William, and Peter J. Vander Nat. "Multilevel marketing and pyramid schemes in the United States." Journal of Historical Research in Marketing 6, no. 2 (May 13, 2014): 188–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jhrm-01-2014-0002.

Full text

Abstract:

Purpose – This paper aims to analyze the evolution of direct selling – a retail channel that successfully sold products ranging from cosmetics to radios to automobiles – to multilevel marketing (MLM), an industry now apparently heavily reliant on selling to itself. As the courts have found some MLM companies to be pyramid schemes, the analysis includes the overlap between the legal MLM model and an illegal pyramid scheme. Design/methodology/approach – The development of direct selling in the USA was examined, followed by the factors contributing to the design and growth of the MLM model and its non-commission-based compensation structure. Then, the key legal decisions regarding illegal pyramid schemes operating under the guise of MLM, the relative stagnation of direct selling and the state of the MLM industry were examined. Findings – As the MLM model operates on the dual premise of retailing through a network of distributors and recruiting new distributors to do the same, it was found that federal regulators and the courts consistently focus on the “retail question” – the existence and extent of sales to consumers external to the distributor network. The authors argue that without a significant external customer base, internal consumption by an ever-churning base of participants resembles neither employee purchases nor a buying club. Social implications – As the MLM model facilitated the growth of pyramid scheme fraud, creating victims rather than customers, this research highlights successful efforts to regulate this type of consumer fraud. Originality/value – Few papers have been written on MLM and pyramids schemes, and none thus far has taken an historical perspective.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

34

Peterson, Robert A., and Gerald Albaum. "On the Ethicality of Internal Consumption in Multilevel Marketing." Journal of Personal Selling & Sales Management 27, no. 4 (September 2007): 317–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2753/pss0885-3134270403.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

35

Sethi, S. P., and Q. Zhang. "Multilevel Hierarchical Decision Making in Stochastic Marketing–Production Systems." SIAM Journal on Control and Optimization 33, no. 2 (March 1995): 528–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1137/s0363012993250542.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

36

Lofthouse, Jordan K., and Virgil Henry Storr. "Institutions, the social capital structure, and multilevel marketing companies." Journal of Institutional Economics 17, no. 1 (July 14, 2020): 53–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1744137420000284.

Full text

Abstract:

AbstractIn multilevel marketing companies (MLMs), member-distributors earn income from selling products and recruiting new members. Successful MLMs require a social capital structure where members can access and mobilize both strong and weak social ties. Utah has a disproportionate share of MLM companies located in the state and a disproportionate number of MLM participants. We argue that Utah's dominant religious institutions have led to the emergence of a social capital structure, making MLMs particularly viable. Utah is the most religiously homogeneous state; roughly half its population identifies as members of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church). The LDS Church's institutions foster a social capital structure where (almost all) members have access to and can leverage social capital in all its forms. LDS institutions encourage members to make meaningful social connections characterized by trust and reciprocity with other church members in local neighborhoods and across the world.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

37

Hirschmann, Johannes, and Bernhard Swoboda. "Multilevel Structural Equation Modelling in Marketing and Management Research." Marketing ZFP 39, no. 3 (2017): 50–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.15358/0344-1369-2017-3-50.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

38

Mulyana, Iyan Hadi, and Mohammad Rifqi. "Implementasi Algoritma Binary Tree dan Sequential Searching pada Aplikasi Web Multilevel Marketing." Jurnal Informatika: Jurnal Pengembangan IT 5, no. 3 (September 30, 2020): 83–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.30591/jpit.v5i3.2087.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstrak - Di Indonesia bisnis Multilevel Marketing (MLM) masih cukup banyak diminati masyarakat. Salah satu perusahaan yang bergerak dibidang bisnis Multilevel Marketing adalah PT. TSP dengan sistem Multilevel Marketing Binari. Sistem bisnis ini memvisualisasikan jaringan bisnisnya ke dalam pohon hirarki biner atau sering kita sebut Binary Tree. Pohon biner sendiri merupakan konsep pengorganisasian secara hirarki dari beberapa buah simpul dimana masing-masing simpul mempunyai maksimum 2 anak (child). Posisi simpul yang berada di atas simpul lainnya disebut induk (parent) dan simpul yang berada di bawah sebuah simpul disebut anak (child). Pembentukan pohon jaringan pada bisnis MLM sangatlah penting karena akan mempengaruhi hasil perhitungan bonus/komisi. Pada studi kasus PT. TSP terdapat permasalahan dalam menampilkan pohon jaringan bisnis MLM. Dimana terdapat beberapa simpul yang tidak mempunyai induk sehingga pohon jaringan terputus, tidak menjadi satu pohon jaringan yang utuh. Hal ini membuat perhitungan bonus/komisi menjadi sedikit kacau. Maka penerapan algoritma Binary Tree dirasa tepat untuk memvisualisasikan jaringan bisnis MLM. Algoritma Sequential Searching merupakan sebuah algoritma pencarian data secara urut yang prosesnya membandingkan setiap elemen satu per satu dari awal atau dari akhir.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

39

Jundana, Qonita, and Aries Hermawan. "Implementasi Fatwa DSN-MUI tentang penjualan Langsung Berjenjang Syariah No.75/VII/2009 pada PT Herbal Amanah Impian Indonesia." Journal of Fiqh in Contemporary Financial Transactions 2, no. 1 (May 8, 2024): 55–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.61111/jfcft.v2i1.659.

Full text

Abstract:

This research aims to analyze the multilevel marketing business practices of PT Herbal Amanah Impian Indonesia (HAII) and business implementation based on fatwa No.75/DSN-MUI/VII/2009. Qualitative research methods using field research methods by comparing between field implementation and sharia conformity regulated in fatwa No.75/DSN-MUI/VII/2009. The results of this study indicate that the company's multilevel marketing business practices are carried out according to the standardization that has been determined from the various certifications obtained. Judging from fatwa No.75/DSN-MUI/VII/2009, the practices carried out by PT Herbal Amanah Impian Indonesia based on the business plan system, products, and bonus/rewarding system, are in accordance with the standardization of the fatwa, so that the business implementation is categorized as fulfilling the elements of sharia multilevel direct sales.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

40

Лавров, Александр, Aleksandr Lavrov, Лада Поликарпова, and Lada Polikarpova. "TERRITORIAL MARKETING AS BASIS FOR MULTILEVEL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM OF TERRITORIAL DEVELOPMENT." Bulletin of Kemerovo State University. Series: Political, Sociological and Economic sciences 2016, no. 2 (November 25, 2016): 66–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.21603/2500-3372-2016-2-66-72.

Full text

Abstract:

This article features results of research of specific properties and new possibilities of using marketing areas. For this purposes we analysed the main differences between traditional marketing and area marketing. We point out their most significant differences in the composition and content, evaluate competitive positions, purposes, methods, organizational support, place and role in the control system. The analysis disclosed the two-sided nature of the concept of "territory" in the marketplace as a special "commodity" with multiuseful value and as "major company" that produces a certain set of goods and services. On this basis, we formed some approaches to the identification and grouping of the competitive position of the territories. There are three groups: territorial competitive position, the industry's competitive position, territorial and industry competitive position. The article identifies the main purpose of marketing areas, aimed at creating an enabling environment for the implementation of investment proposals, providing the best growth prospects. It shows the place and the role of marketing territories as a key element in the development of control systems in market conditions. There are five stages of formation and development of marketing territories. Accordingly, there are five areas of development management models in market conditions. On this basis, we prove the possibility and the necessity of forming a multi-level development of the control systems in areas across the country as a whole. Each level of control in such system takes a proactive approach and learns new methods of presenting the territory for investors. It generates investment proposals and investment fields, negotiates and coordinates with other levels of management of their investment interests and goals to enable the development through "vectors as corridors" investment development. It implements a set of investment marketing mix. New processes to market-oriented multi-level governance model are described, such as: - management of competitive positions of the territory; - process of interaction with investors; - process of harmonization and lobbying interests of the territory; - process of self-development marketing territories.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

41

Souza, Lucas Lopes Ferreira, Francesca Bassi, and Ana Augusta Ferreira de Freitas. "Multilevel latent class modeling to segment the microfinance market." International Journal of Bank Marketing 37, no. 5 (July 1, 2019): 1103–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijbm-05-2018-0132.

Full text

Abstract:

Purpose Microfinance has become an important way to alleviate poverty. Though four decades have passed since its introduction, its impact is still not entirely clear. What makes it difficult to ascertain its efficacy is the existence of diverse types of microfinance organizations and client profiles. Microfinance institutions must primarily pay more attention to the client, and to the mechanism through which financial services are delivered. The purpose of this paper is to identify the profiles of microfinance customers and the features of their operations. Design/methodology/approach In this paper, multilevel latent class models were estimated to reveal clusters of operations and classes of clients. Findings The results show that there are six clusters of operations and four classes of clients in the market, each with distinct profiles and needs. Different strategies are recommended for each cluster and class. Originality/value Numerous studies have focused on the importance of getting to know the clients of microfinance programs, but none as yet have used market segmentation as a way to do so. The goal is to generate better strategies to help clients improve their business results. Applying market segmentation to the microfinance market may point to different products for different groups of clients, taking the real needs of each of them into account.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

42

Crosno, Jody L., and Annie Peng Cui. "A Multilevel Analysis of the Adoption of Sustainable Technology." Journal of Marketing Theory and Practice 22, no. 2 (April 2014): 209–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2753/mtp1069-6679220213.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

43

Liu, Huiyuan, Sandun C. Perera, Jian-Jun Wang, and James M. Leonhardt. "Physician engagement in online medical teams: A multilevel investigation." Journal of Business Research 157 (March 2023): 113588. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2022.113588.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

44

Oliveira, João S., and John W. Cadogan. "A multilevel perspective to the study of export venture performance." International Marketing Review 35, no. 1 (February 12, 2018): 186–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/imr-12-2016-0213.

Full text

Abstract:

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to present several opportunities that can emerge from using a multilevel approach to study the antecedents of export venture performance, and provide scholars with the conceptual and practical tools for developing multilevel models of export venture success. Design/methodology/approach Essay. Findings The paper shows the problems which scholars face if they continue to engage in using single venture data to test models that are inherently multilevel in nature. Research limitations/implications There may be a need to revisit previous works that utilize samples of single ventures to assess models of export venture performance that are implicitly multilevel. Practical implications This paper outlines the practical issues that researchers need to consider when conducting multilevel research in the export venture performance field. Originality/value This paper is the first to focus on the multilevel nature of the export venture performance construct.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

45

Simintiras, Antonis C., Kemefasu Ifie, Alan Watkins, and Konstatinos Georgakas. "Antecedents of adaptive selling among retail salespeople: A multilevel analysis." Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services 20, no. 4 (July 2013): 419–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2013.04.004.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

46

Li, Xiaoming, Guangquan Xu, Sandhya Armoogum, and Honghao Gao. "Consumers Team Detection Model Based on Trust for Multi-Level." Mobile Information Systems 2019 (February 3, 2019): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/4147859.

Full text

Abstract:

Due to rapid advances in technology, social networks have become important platforms for daily communication, product marketing, and information dissemination. Targeted delivery of social network advertisement can considerably improve the efficacy of the advertisement and maximize the profits from it. In this context, managing the specific audience of a social network advertisement and achieving targeted advertisement delivery have been the ultimate goals of the social network advertising sector. Identifying user groups with similar properties is critical to increasing targeted sales. When both the scale of mobile social network and the coplexity of social network user behaviors grow, similar groups are hidden in user behaviors. In order to analyze community structure with user trust relationship more appropriately in the large-scale multilevel social network environment, a novel local community detection model E-MLCD is proposed in this paper. It is jointly based on the multilevel properties and the strength of similarity of multilevel social interaction among communities. By studying three real-world multilevel social networks and specific QQ Zone marketing data, the model defines a new metric of community trust based on similarity. Comparison between other state-of-the-art detection methods demonstrate E-MLCD’s ability to detect communities more effectively.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

47

Bassi, Francesca. "Latent Class Models for Marketing Strategies." Methodology 5, no. 2 (January 2009): 40–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1614-2241.5.2.40.

Full text

Abstract:

In this paper, an extension of the latent class (LC) approach is applied to analyse the Italian pharmaceutical market. This sector is characterised by a high level of competitiveness, more limited budgets than years ago and, at the same time, expensive sales and promotional activities; in this context, it is very important to understand which factors influence doctors in prescribing medicines, so as to design appropriate marketing strategies. A special adaptation of the multilevel LC model is estimated to identify market segments, that is, groups of doctors similar in their attitude towards the work of pharmaceutical representatives.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

48

Oladele, Seun, and Johnson Laosebikan. "Perception of Financial Variants of Multilevel Marketing Strategy And Growth of Network Marketing Companies in Nigeria." Turk Turizm Arastirmalari Dergisi 2, no. 6 (July 8, 2019): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.26677/tr1010.2019.140.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

49

Andyan Lutfahyanto, Cempaka Putrie Dimala, and Arif Rahman Hakim. "PSYCHOLOGICAL CAPITAL SEBAGAI PREDIKTOR PSYCHOLOGICAL WELL-BEING PADA DISTRIBUTOR MULTI LEVEL MARKETING TIENS SYARIAH KABUPATEN KARAWANG DI MASA PANDEMI COVID-19." Empowerment Jurnal Mahasiswa Psikologi Universitas Buana Perjuangan Karawang 2, no. 2 (May 26, 2022): 11–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.36805/empowerment.v2i2.350.

Full text

Abstract:

Dampak Covid-19 melanda hampir seluruh sektor, salah satunya adalah sektor ekonomiseperti industri network marketing atau MLM yang menyebabkan penjualan dan rekrutmen downlinemenurun seluruh aktivitas distributor seperti penjualan dan rekrutmen harus beralih dengan metodeonline. dampak tersebut dapat mempengaruhi psychological well-being pada distributor TiensSyariah. Psychological well-being adalah individu yang secara psikologis mampu berfungsi secarapositive psychological functioning dimana individu memiliki kondisi mental yang sehat. Tujuanpenelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh psychological capital terhadappsychological well-being pada distributor multilevel marketing (MLM) Tiens Syariah diKabupaten Karawang dengan jumlah partisipan sebanyak 210 responden dengan sampel 131responden menggunakan rumus Issac dan Michael dengan taraf 5%. Metode penelitian inimenggunakan metode kuantitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan teknikkuota. Berdasarkan hasil uji regresi sederhana diperoleh sig = 0,00 < 0,05, dengan nilai koefisiendeterminasi sebesar 24,9%. Hasil tersebut menunjukkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh PsychologicalCapital terhadap Psychological Well-Being.Kata Kunci: Psychological well-being, psychological capital, multilevel marketing (MLM). The impact of Covid-19 has hit almost all sectors, one of which is the economic sectorsuch as the network marketing or MLM industry which causes downline sales and recruitment todecline, all distributor activities such as sales and recruitment must switch to online methods. Thisimpact can affect the psychological well-being of Tiens Syariah distributors. Psychological wellbeingis an individual who is psychologically able to function in a positive psychological functioningwhere the individual has a healthy mental condition. The purpose of this study was to determine theeffect of psychological capital on psychological well-being in Tiens Syariah multi-level marketing(MLM) distributors in Karawang Regency with a total of 210 respondents with a sample of 131respondents using the Issac and Michael formula with a level of 5%. This research method usesquantitative methods with data collection techniques using quota techniques. Based on the results ofthe simple regression test obtained sig = 0.00 <0.05, with a coefficient of determination of 24.9%.These results indicate that there is an influence of Psychological Capital on Psychological Well-Being.Keywords: Psychological well-being, psychological capital, multilevel marketing (MLM).

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

50

Napier, Elizabeth, Steven Y. H. Liu, and Jingting Liu. "Adaptive strength: Unveiling a multilevel dynamic process model for organizational resilience." Journal of Business Research 171 (January 2024): 114334. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2023.114334.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Journal articles on the topic 'Multilevel marketing'

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles