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Stewart, Roy E. "A multilevel perspective of patients and general practitioners." [S.l. : [Groningen : s.n.] ; University Library Groningen] [Host], 2009. http://irs.ub.rug.nl/ppn/.
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Segersten, Kristoffer, and KEREN ZHAI. "Obstacles for Remote Air Traffic Services: A Multilevel Perspective." Thesis, KTH, Industriell Management, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-239690.
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Air traffic services (ATS) play an important role for flight safety. Remote air traffic services (RATS) represent a novel, more digitalized, ATS solution. In some aspects, RATS can be argued to outperform conventional ATS. However, as it entails various sociotechnical obstacles, making RATS the dominant solution for ATS is challenging. An inadequate awareness of such sociotechnical obstacles potentially impedes the competitiveness of RATS in general and the RATS providers in particular. This study intends to - from a sociotechnical perspective - identify main obstacles as faced by RATS when aspiring to become the dominant solution for ATS. In order to identify such obstacles, an abductive case study has been conducted. Empirical data was primarily gathered by semi-structured interviews with 10 key stakeholders involved, directly or indirectly, with RATS. The study is delimited to principally gather empirics from Sweden and the United Kingdom. Theoretical concepts of Large Technical Systems (LTS) and the Multilevel Perspective (MLP) are employed to understand and analyze the empirical data. The identified obstacles faced by RATS are mapped into the different levels of the MLP. Obstacles have been identified in all levels of the MLP. The most prominent obstacles seem to lay in social aspects of change processes, a proposition-perception gap, and connectivity infrastructure dependency.Flygtrafiktjänster (ATS) spelar en viktig roll för flygsäkerhet. Fjärrstyrda flygtrafiktjänster (RATS) representerar en ny, i högre grad digitaliserad, lösning för ATS. I vissa avseenden kan RATS anses prestera bättre än konventionellt utförda flygtrafiktjänster. Vägen mot ett tillstånd där RATS är den dominerande lösningen för RATS är dock kantad av olika sociotekniska utmaningar. En otillräcklig medvetenhet om dessa utmaningar kan potentiellt minska konkurrenskraften för RATS i allmänhet och för utvecklare av RATS i synnerhet. Denna studie syftar till att, från ett sociotekniskt perspektiv, identifiera utmaningar som RATS står inför i, en situation där RATS ämnar ta steg mot att bli den dominerande lösningen för ATS. För att identifiera sådana utmaningar har en abduktiv fallstudie utförts. Empirisk data samlades huvudsakligen in genom semi-strukturerade intervjuer med 10 intressenter, direkt eller indirekt involverade, i RATS. Studien är avgränsad till att huvudsakligen samla in empirisk data från Sverige och Storbritannien. Teoretiska ramverk och begrepp beträffande Large Technical Systems (LTS) och Multilevel Perspective (MLP) används för att förstå och analysera empirisk data. De identifierade utmaningarna kopplas till de olika nivåerna i MLP. Utmaningar har identifierats i alla nivåer av MLP, och de mest framstående utmaningarna tycks ligga i sociala aspekter av förändringsprocesser, ett gap mellan proposition och perception, samt ett beroende av uppkopplingsinfrastruktur.
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Walker, Anna Ellen. "Creativity, organisational climate and innovation : an interdisciplinary, multilevel perspective." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2015. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/creativity-organisational-climate-and-innovation-an-interdisciplinary-multilevel-perspective(95639d30-93f9-4f43-9231-a3b6b776cd77).html.
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Creativity and innovation are increasingly recognised as important for business success. A primary concern for organisations seeking to encourage creativity and innovation is establishing an environment that is conducive to their occurrence. To gain a better understanding of the relationships between these constructs, the current research has taken an interdisciplinary, multilevel approach. Taking this approach answers multiple calls for empirical research that combines disciplines (in this case, the disparate psychology and innovation management literatures) and estimates cross-level relationships between Creative and Innovative Climate, Team Creativity and Front End Innovation, utilising advances in statistical analysis and computational modeling. The current research comprised three studies. Studies 1 (n=117, n=841) and 2 (n=416, n=841, n=30) developed two new psychometric measures: the Front End Innovation Scale and the Creative and Innovative Climate Scale. Measurement of both Creative and Innovative Climate and Front End Innovation has been fraught with problems. These have been problems of conceptualisation, in that there is no consensus as to which dimensions comprise either Creative and Innovative Climate or Front End Innovation, and also a problem of statistical robustness, as the majority of previous measures of both Creative and Innovative Climate and Front End Innovation have not been developed following psychometric principles. Study 3 (n=841) explored the single and multilevel relationships between Individual and Team Creativity, Front End Innovation and Creative and Innovative Climate, and investigated whether Individual Creativity and Individual Creative Performance are synonymous constructs. All studies used quantitative data derived from a questionnaire, which was supplemented in Study 2 by qualitative narrative data. In addition to the development of two new psychometric measures, the current research contributed to the understanding of what Front End Innovation and Creative and Innovative Climate are, and the factors that comprise them. Given the lack of definitional and measurement consensus surrounding these topics, this understanding can guide future research. Furthermore, Study 3 identified two aspects of Creative and Innovative Climate that seem to be the most important for creativity and innovation (Internal Networks and Team Cohesion), particularly at the team level where they accounted for a greater proportion of the variance than at the individual level. The dual role of formalised processes surrounding creativity and innovation was also discovered, in that formalised processes were perceived to hinder individuals but benefit Team Creativity and Front End Innovation. Very little previous research has explored these relationships and none identified this duality. Lastly, Study 3 represents the first comprehensive empirical investigation of the relationship between Creative and Innovative Climate and each aspect of Front End Innovation.
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Sica, Edgardo. "Eco-innovations and companies' financial constraints : a multilevel-perspective analysis." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2016. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/63974/.
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De, le Court Alexandre. "De-commodifying social rights : welfare state policies in a multilevel perspective." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/283752.
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Over the last 30 years, European Welfare States have been subjected to a process of transformation within the context of globalization, political and societal changes. This work centers on the legal evolution of the systems of protection against unemployment in Spain, The Netherlands and Germany, three Welfare States which the litterature has classified as originally pertaining to the Conservative model, and analyses those changes from the point of view of de-commodification, within the context of the Europeanization of social policy and the idea of flexicurity. It is argued that those evolutions involve the re-commodification of social rights related to protection against unemployment. The multilevel perspective is reinforced by a study of regional and international social rights instruments as possible basis for the development of legal de-commodification strategies rooted in the understanding of human rights as indivisible rights, which involve the obligation of the States to guarantee sufficient protection of their citizens against the risk of unemployment, along the lines of the idea of “decent unemployment”.
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Bonneton, Domitille. "The outcomes of talent management in multinational companies : a multilevel perspective." Thesis, Paris 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA01E034.
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La gestion des talents est une thématique de recherche relativement récente, mais elle est d’une importance considérable pour les firmes multinationales. Peu de recherches empiriques analysent l’impact des programmes de gestion exclusive des talents, ciblant un segment de main d’œuvre considéré comme plus performant ou à meilleur potentiel afin de les attirer, les développer et les retenir dans l’entreprise. La présente thèse analyse les conséquences des programmes de gestion exclusive des talents à différents niveaux : l’individu, le groupe et l’organisation. Nous mobilisons différents cadres théoriques pour répondre à ces questions de recherche. Nous avons mené trois études distinctes reposant sur des données qualitatives et quantitatives recueillies dans deux firmes multinationales. Au niveau individuel, les résultats de la thèse montrent l’impact des programmes de gestion des talents sur la carrière individuelle des employés. Au niveau du groupe d’employés, les pratiques de gestion des talents favorisent l’émergence d’un sous-groupe ayant les mêmes attitudes et comportements, et qui constitue une élite organisationnelle. Enfin, au niveau de l’organisation, nous analysons comment ces programmes peuvent favoriser la rétention des futurs dirigeants de l’entreprise, et quelles peuvent être les autres conséquences positives ou négatives de l’émergence d’une élite organisationnelleTalent management is a relatively recent field of research, but appears as crucial for multinational companies. Few studies analyze the consequences of exclusive talent management practices.Exclusive talent management focuses on the attraction, development and retention of one segment of employees, those with better potential or performance. This doctoral dissertation aims at analyzing its outcomes at several levels: the individual, the group and the organization. We build on several theoretical frameworks to answer our research questions. We conducted three distinct studies, based on qualitative and quantitative data, collected in two multinational companies. At the individual level,the results show the impact of talent management practices on the career of employees. At the group level, we show how exclusive talent management shapes a sub-group of employees with common attitudes and behaviors, who build an organizational elite. At the organizational level, we analyze how these programs can contribute to the retention of the future leaders and what other positive or negative consequences talent management can have
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Martinaityte, Ieva. "Leveraging employee creativity through high performance work systems : a multilevel perspective." Thesis, Aston University, 2014. http://publications.aston.ac.uk/24369/.
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Research has looked at single rather than a configuration of human resource management (HRM) practices to influence creativity so it is not yet clear how these practices synergistically facilitate creativity and organisational performance. I address this significant but unanswered question in a three-part study. In Study 1, I develop a high performance work system (HPWS) for creativity scale. I use Study 2 sample to test the validity of the new scale. In Study 3, I test a multilevel model of the intervening processes through which branch HPWS for creativity influences creativity and branch performance. Specifically, at the branch level, I draw on social context theory and hypothesise that branch HPWS for creativity relates to climate for creativity which, in turn, leads to creativity, and ultimately, to profit. Furthermore, I hypothesise environmental dynamism as a boundary condition of the creativity-profit relationship. At the individual level, I hypothesise a cross-level effect of branch HPWS for creativity on employee-perceived HPWS. I draw on self-determination theory and argue that perceived HPWS for creativity relate to need satisfaction and the psychological pathways of intrinsic motivation and creative process engagement to predict creativity. I also hypothesise climate for creativity as a cross-level moderator of the intrinsic motivation-creativity and creative process engagement-creativity relationships. Results of hierarchical linear modeling (HLM) indicate that ten out of the fifteen hypotheses were supported. The findings of this study respond to calls for HPWS to be designed around a strategic focus by developing and providing initial validity evidence of an HPWS for creativity scale. The results reveal the underlying mechanisms through which HPWS for creativity simultaneously influences individual and branch creativity leading to profit. Lastly, results indicate environmental dynamism to be an important boundary condition of the creativity-profit relationship and climate for creativity as a cross-level moderator of the creative process engagement-creativity.
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Piccolo, Rebecca. "Racial and ethnic disparities in type-2 diabetes : a multilevel perspective." Thesis, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (University of London), 2015. http://researchonline.lshtm.ac.uk/2537689/.
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In the United States (US), diabetes affects an estimated 13% of adults (25.8 million people). A disproportionate burden of the disease is borne by US minority populations. Black and Hispanic Americans have higher prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), achieve poorer disease control, and have more T2DM complications than their White counterparts. Efforts to reduce these disparities are hindered by the fact that patients typically have T2DM for 4-7 years prior to diagnosis. There is a confluence of disadvantages: behavioural risk factors, genetic predisposition, lack of access to adequate health care, and local environmental disadvantages, all are likely to contribute to these increased burdens in a synergistic fashion. A comprehensive understanding of “upstream” factors contributing to racial/ethnic differences in T2DM therefore offers the greatest potential to reduce the “downstream” costs of T2DM faced by disadvantaged populations. This research investigated the roles of certain risk factors in racial/ethnic variation in T2DM using the Boston Area Community Health (BACH) Survey. The BACH Survey is a community-based, stratified random sample, epidemiologic cohort of 5,502 Boston, Massachusetts residents. Follow-up surveys were conducted approximately five (BACH II, 2008-2010, N=4,144) and seven (BACH III, 2010-2012, N=3,155) years later. The BACH III survey was designed to assess the relative contributions of (1) genetic, (2) lifestyle/behavioural, (3) psychosocial, (4) biophysiologic, (5) contextual/neighbourhood, and (6) social/economic determinants to racial/ethnic disparities in diabetes. Therefore, my analyses focused on the 3,155 participants of the third wave of the BACH survey. First, I examined the role of biogeographic ancestry (BGA) versus socioeconomic factors in racial/ethnic disparities in the incidence of T2DM over roughly seven years of follow-up. I used the excess relative risk method, the risk difference method, and g-computation to examine the direct and indirect effects of race/ethnicity on T2DM incidence. Using the g-computation method, I found that socioeconomic factors accounted for 44.7% of the excess risk of T2DM among Blacks and 54.9% among Hispanics. The findings indicated that BGA had almost no direct association with T2DM and was almost entirely mediated by self-identified race/ethnicity and socioeconomic factors. Second, I examined the role of neighbourhood contextual factors in racial/ethnic disparities. Two-level random intercepts logistic regression was applied to assess the associations between race/ethnicity, neighbourhood characteristics (census tract socioeconomic status, racial composition, property and violent crime, open space, geographic proximity to grocery stores, convenience stores, and fast food, and neighbourhood disorder) and prevalent T2DM (BACH III diabetes status). Multilevel models indicated a significant between-neighbourhood variance estimate of 0.943, providing evidence of neighbourhood variation. Individual-level demographic factors (race/ethnicity, age and gender) explained 22.3% of the neighbourhood variability in T2DM. However, the addition of neighbourhood-level variables to the model had very little effect on the magnitude of the racial/ethnic disparities and on the between-neighbourhood variability. Finally, I assessed the relative contributions of six domains of influence to racial/ethnic disparities in T2DM: (1) socioeconomic, (2), local environmental, (3) psychosocial, (4) lifestyle/behavioural, (5) biophysiologic, and (6) genetic/ancestral. I constructed risk scores for each domain of influence and used structural equation models (SEM) to evaluate the direct effects of each conceptual domain of influence on T2DM prevalence as well as the indirect effect of each conceptual domain on the magnitude of the racial/ethnic disparities in T2DM. The final models indicated that 38.9% of the total effect of Black race on T2DM prevalence was mediated by the socioeconomic, environmental, psychosocial, lifestyle/behavioural risk scores with 21.8% of the total effect of Black race being explained by socioeconomic risk. 45.7% of total effect of Hispanic ethnicity was mediated. Again, the largest mediator was the socioeconomic risk score with 26.2% of the total association explained. My analyses consistently demonstrated that social determinants contributed to racial/ethnic disparities in T2DM. My results suggest that socioeconomic factors are the largest contributors to the causation and/or amplification of these disparities. Biogeographic ancestry (an individual’s genetic race/ethnicity) had no direct effect on T2DM prevalence or incidence. Neighbourhood factors did not contribute to racial/ethnic disparities once individual socioeconomic factors were taken into account. Finally, while lifestyle/behavioural and biophysiologic characteristics had significant direct effects on T2DM prevalence, they did not appear to substantially contribute to disparities in T2DM once socioeconomic factors were taken into account. These results have national and local policy implications as they suggest that in order to reduce disparities, either wide-scale social and economic policy shifts need to occur, or interventions need to be targeted toward racial/ethnic minorities and the socially and economically disadvantaged.
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Climent, Vicent (Climent Ferrando). "The European politics on language for immigrant integration: a multilevel comparative perspective." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/374239.
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This PhD thesis analyzes the conceptual frames underpinning discourses on language for immigrant integration to understand their rationale, evolution and structuring effects. Analyzed from a multilevel perspective – state and sub-state level – and taking France and Catalonia as case studies, it empirically demonstrates how, under the politically-accepted rhetoric of integration, the politics of language for immigrant integration are motivated by a variety of ideological-political goals. Whereas the French politics on language for immigrant integration have built a dominant frame in terms of problematization of immigration to legitimate the adoption of language measures as a gate-keeping mechanism for immigration control, the Catalan politics on language for immigrant integration have strategically built a frame of positive representation and incorporation of immigration to seek the empathy of migrants into the Catalan nation-building project. This PhD thesis constitutes, in sum, an effort to elevate the underlying, often implicit cognitive frames that affect the language politics of immigrant integration, which have social, political, institutional and legal implications.Aquesta tesi doctoral analitza els marcs conceptuals que sostenen els discursos sobre llengua i immigració amb la idea de comprendre’n els objectius, l’evolució i els seus efectes estructurals. Des d’un enfocament multinivell – estat i sub-estat – amb França i Catalunya com a estudis de cas, aquesta recerca mostra com, sota la retòrica políticament acceptada d’integració, les polítiques de la llengua en un context migratori estan motivades per un seguit d’objectius ideològics-polítics estratègics. L’anàlisi mostra com els debats sobre llengua i immigració a França han construït un marc dominant que primerament problematitza la immigració amb l’objectiu de legitimar posteriorment mesures lingüístiques restrictives, que tenen com a finalitat el control migratori. En canvi, l’anàlisi sobre els debats a Catalunya mostren la construcció d’un marc estratègic que positivitza discursivament la immigració amb l’objectiu polític de captar l’empatia dels immigrants i incorporar-los al projecte de construcció nacional català. Aquesta tesi constitueix, doncs, un esforç per evidenciar els patrons discursius, sovint implícits, que es reiteren i activen els marcs cognitius en les polítiques de la llengua i la immigració, i que tenen conseqüències socials, polítiques, institucionals i legals.
Esta tesis doctoral analiza los marcos conceptuales que sustentan los discursos sobre lengua e inmigración con el objetivo de desvelar su intencionalidad, su evolución y sus efectos estructurales. Partiendo de un enfoque multinivel – estado y sub-estado – y con Francia y Cataluña como estudios de caso, la presente tesis demuestra cómo, bajo una retórica políticamente aceptada sobre la idea de integración, las políticas lingüísticas en un contexto migratorio están motivadas por una serie de objetivos ideológicos y políticos estratégicos. El análisis demuestra cómo los debates sobre lengua e inmigración en Francia han construido un marco dominante que primero problematiza la inmigración con el objetivo de, posteriormente, legitimar medidas lingüísticas restrictivas, ejerciendo así el efecto de control migratorio. En cambio, el análisis sobre los debates en Cataluña revela la construcción de un marco estratégico que positiviza discursivamente la inmigración con el objetivo político de captar la empatía de los inmigrantes e incorporarlos al proyecto de construcción nacional. Esta tesis constituye, por lo tanto, un esfuerzo para evidenciar los patrones discursivos, a menudo implícitos, que se reiteran, activando los marcos cognitivos en las políticas sobre lengua e inmigración, y que tienen consecuencias sociales, políticas, institucionales y legales.
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Fox, Gerardus Johannes Andre. "Multilevel IRT: a Bayesian perspective on estimating parameters and testing statistical hypotheses." Enschede : University of Twente [Host], 2001. http://doc.utwente.nl/58675.
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Kelmendi, Ariana, and Sejla Gicic. "Sweden’s budgetary responses to the Covid-19 pandemic : a multilevel governance perspective." Thesis, Högskolan Kristianstad, Fakulteten för ekonomi, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hkr:diva-20783.
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In the beginning of 2020, the world was struck by the Covid-19 pandemic that inhibited many economies. Sweden was chosen because of its unique case when responding to the Covid-19 spread by applying an open policy in contrast to the implementation of total lockdowns. The aim of this study is to explore the governmental budgetary responses to the Covid-19 pandemic in Sweden. To fulfil this aim, the study focuses on the multi-level governance relationships between different national and local actors in Sweden. In order to explore Sweden’s unique case, an inductive approach was carried out through netnography, mass-media analysis and document analysis in the period between January 31 and May 15. The theoretical frame of reference is based on multi-level governance and actor network theory. The study concludes that technology as a non-human actor has played a vital role when enhancing collaborations between different actors such as government, regions, municipalities, companies and universities, in order to minimize the infection spread and economic consequences of Covid-19. The study is a basis for continued research on the unexplored topic of crisis management of Covid-19 in Sweden.
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Küberling-Jost, Jill [Verfasser], and Markus [Akademischer Betreuer] Reihlen. "Corporate Irresponsibility : A Multilevel and Dynamic Perspective / Jill Küberling-Jost ; Betreuer: Markus Reihlen." Lüneburg : Universitätsbibliothek der Leuphana Universität Lüneburg, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1171521308/34.
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Küberling-Jost, Jill Alexandra [Verfasser], and Markus [Akademischer Betreuer] Reihlen. "Corporate Irresponsibility : A Multilevel and Dynamic Perspective / Jill Küberling-Jost ; Betreuer: Markus Reihlen." Lüneburg : Universitätsbibliothek der Leuphana Universität Lüneburg, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1171521308/34.
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Yan, Fang Alice. "Environmental influences on physical activity and obesity in African American adolescents-a multilevel perspective." College Park, Md.: University of Maryland, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/9151.
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Thesis (Ph. D.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2009.Thesis research directed by: Dept. of Public and Community Health. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.
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Harsch, Katharina [Verfasser]. "A multilevel perspective on talent management : qualitative explorations and an explanatory framework / Katharina Harsch." Berlin : ESCP Europe Wirtschaftshochschule Berlin, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1241850623/34.
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Drew, Hilary Latham. "A Multilevel Analysis of the Association between School Climate Dimensions and Adolescent Depressive Symptoms Using the Ecological Perspective." The Ohio State University, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1338087321.
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Hamedi, Zoheir. "A multilevel perspective for an energy transition in the power generation sector of the GCC countries." Thesis, Durham University, 2014. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/10753/.
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As a result of a combination of concerns related to the climate change issue, energy security, and the inevitable depletion of fossil fuels, the energy system of the world economy is, indeed, at the early stage of a gradual and sustained energy transition. The future of the energy system of the GCC economies will strongly depend on this world tendency, as they are one of the main producers and providers of hydrocarbons to the world economy, and their economies rely almost entirely on the hydrocarbons on two aspects: first of all, as a source of revenue and therefore a core element of their political economy and secondly, hydrocarbons constitute the only energy source fuelling the economic engine of the GCC countries. Moreover, the economies of the Gulf are under an increased pressure to diversify their energy mix for the following reasons: they have one of the largest carbon footprint per capita in the world, and the ever-increasing domestic consumption of electricity is putting an increasing pressure on the available reserves of hydrocarbons to the export market. Grounded on this new international energy environment and the challenges facing the GCC countries to diversify their energy sources in the long-term, it is proposed through this study to explore through scenarios the possible transition pathway for engaging the GCC economies into an energy transition in their power generation sector up to 2050 and how this objective could be shaped within the context of a hydrocarbon-rich rentier economic system. The scenario methodology will be used within the concept of energy transitions and the multi-level perspective (MLP) framework of analysis, which will allow for a systemic analysis of the energy system of the GCC countries and for identifying the forces that will be at work for potential future energy transitions.
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Teoh, Kevin Rui-Han. "Hospital working conditions, doctors' work-related wellbeing, and the quality of care provided : a multilevel perspective." Thesis, Birkbeck (University of London), 2018. http://bbktheses.da.ulcc.ac.uk/322/.
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This thesis aims to examine the relationship between the psychosocial working conditions of hospital doctors in England and the quality of care being provided, with work-related wellbeing as a mediator. It applied the job demands-resources model to this occupational sample, and utilised a multilevel perspective to include trust-level demands and outcomes. In the first of four studies - a systematic review and meta-analysis found that across 21 studies, 62% of the reported relationships between job demands and 64% of job resources’ relationships with quality of care were significant; the presence of these relationships varied by the type of outcome measure used. A lack of theoretical grounding within these studies emphasised the need to frame these relationships within a theoretical framework. The three subsequent empirical studies drew on composite scales from the 2014 NHS Staff Survey in England. Across these multilevel studies, job demands (insufficient work resources, workplace aggression) predicted negative work-related wellbeing (presenteeism, work-related stress), while job resources (manager support, job control, effective teams) predicted work engagement. Trust-level demands (number of emergency admission, bed occupancy rate) also predicted hospital doctors’ work-related wellbeing. No interactions were observed between job demands and resources. Work-related wellbeing mediated most relationships between job demands and resources with individual self-rated quality-of-care measures. Some mediations involving patient satisfaction with doctors were found, but not for hospital mortality or patient safety incidents. The research reported in this thesis highlights the complexity of work-related predictors to hospital doctors’ work-related wellbeing and the quality of care provided. It further demonstrates that these outcomes are a product of their wider work context. Successful interventions should target the appropriate antecedent pathway, and recognise trust and system factors. The job demands-resources model can be useful in explaining individual-level relationships, but is limited when including trust-level measures. Further implications on research, practice, and policy are discussed.
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Stein, Rachel E. "The Individual and Structural Levels of Routine Activities/Lifestyles Theory: A Cross-National Perspective of Victimization." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1207853927.
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Kolczynska, Marta Joanna. "Stratied modernity, protest, and democracy in cross-national perspective." The Ohio State University, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1508951439628422.
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Chapman, S. M. "'Good' carbon governance : a multilevel and comparative perspective of clean energy investment through the clean development mechanism." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.597470.
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The catastrophic consequences of climate change pose ecological and humanitarian challenges on an unprecedented scale. In response, multilevel structures of governance are emerging at the international, regional and national levels. One such example is the market-based Clean Development Mechanism (CDM), an international regime which is implemented at the national level (largely by the private sector). With the international (and national) frameworks for ongoing climate change action currently under review for further development, now is an appropriate time to consider this ‘new mode’ of governance and, with a view using experience to date to inform future developments, develop ways to assess it. Using the CDM as a case study in ‘carbon governance’, this dissertation explores the nature of ‘good’ carbon governance worldwide. The conceptual framework employed uses an interdisciplinary study of regimes to deconstruct the separate yet interconnected ‘carbon regimes’ which govern the CDM. In considering the international regime in addition to the key national regimes of the European Union, the United Kingdom, China, India and Brazil, the legal and policy space occupied by carbon governance is mapped and assessed against four conceptual elements: theoretical effectiveness, the extent to which regimes enable investment, the extent to which regimes promote ‘climate justice’ (through sustainable development), and the level of cooperation between regimes.
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Maharaj, Dheepak. "Using the multilevel perspective framework to understand the transition of South Africa’s mining sector to a circular economy." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/79606.
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The mining sector by its nature has historically been characterised as an extractive industry with a “take, make and dispose“ approach to mineral resources and the ecosystems within which they are located. Escalating environmental degradation is, however, putting pressure on the sector to remediate their legacy waste stockpiles and implement the principles of the circular economy. The latter is a framework that could transform the global practices from “cradle to grave” to a more sustainable “cradle to cradle” approach. The transition to a circular economy in the South African mining sector is, however, unclear. Using the framework of the multilevel perspective (MLP), this study has profiled the awareness of, and progress towards, the sector’s adoption of the circular economy principles and has suggested a way forward that could support an accelerated transition towards a circular economy business model.
A qualitative, inductive research method with purposive sampling was employed. Twelve semi-structured interviews were conducted using online platforms. The interviewees, comprised of a mixed group of business practitioners, content experts, consultants, and government officials, were questioned on their understanding and awareness of the circular economy, its status, the barriers and the enablers.
The analysis has revealed that the circular economy in the mining sector is still at an early stage. Whilst landscape pressure on the existing socio-technical regime is evident, the incumbents of the regime see more barriers than drivers to the transition and consider the transition to be of low priority within the present operations. Moreover, actors at the niche level, such as entrepreneurs and emerging firms, are weak and do not place any significant competitive pressure on the current regime. Particularly, networking of the niche actors, which is an essential development if these actors are to challenge the regime, is limited.
The transition of the mining sector to a circular economy framework will require more direct government intervention at the level of the landscape, such as regulatory reform; greater entrepreneurial activity; and a more focussed approach to strategic niche management. Initiatives such as the Green Engine, driven at present by Anglo American, could form a model for upscaling niche experiments and radically increasing the competitive pressure on the sector as a means of accelerating the transition.Mini Dissertation (MBA)--University of Pretoria, 2020.
pt2021
Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS)
MBA
Unrestricted
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Hake, Mariya, and Philipp Poyntner. "Household loans in CESEE from a new perspective: the role of income distribution." Oesterreichische Nationalbank (Austrian Central Bank), 2019. http://epub.wu.ac.at/6980/1/Household_loans.pdf.
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This paper constitutes a first attempt to shed light on the role of income distribution in household debt, macrofinancial stability and financial market access in Central, Eastern and Southeastern Europe (CESEE). This issue has not been adequately addressed so far. Using data from the OeNB Euro Survey for the period from 2009 to 2017, we explore the question whether interpersonal comparisons affect a household's probability of having a loan. We use multilevel
probit modeling to take into account the hierarchical structure of the data. Our results support the notion that the relative income position, along with absolute income, has an impact on households' likelihood of having a loan, but this is valid mainly for households above the median of the income distribution. We show this impact for almost all components of household debt, but evidence is strongest for mortgage and car loans. Interpersonal comparisons turn out to be a weaker predictor of a household's propensity to have a loan in CESEE countries with a more equal income distribution.
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Schatz, Sonja Gloria [Verfasser], and Margret [Akademischer Betreuer] Borchert. "Job insecurity and mental health from a spillover-crossover perspective – multilevel modeling of longitudinal dyadic data / Sonja Gloria Schatz ; Betreuer: Margret Borchert." Duisburg, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1158495978/34.
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Fischer, Sebastian [Verfasser], and Michael [Akademischer Betreuer] Frese. "The Entrepreneurial Firm as a Context for Employee Work: Novelty Creation in Small Organizations from a Multilevel Perspective / Sebastian Fischer. Betreuer: Michael Frese." Lüneburg : Universitätsbibliothek der Leuphana Universität Lüneburg, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1034147765/34.
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Oliveira, Stephan Malta. "Uma perspectiva multinível e plural em psiquiatria: a esquizofrenia como exemplar." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2014. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=7220.
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Assim como a medicina, a psiquiatria não consiste em uma disciplina teórica, mas sim, em uma práxis, um projeto teórico que somente se justifica pelo projeto prático. Trata-se, portanto, de um campo de intervenção. A psiquiatria utiliza diversas abordagens teóricas e científicas com uma finalidade prática. O objeto de estudo do campo, entretanto, não se confunde com o objeto destas abordagens. O objeto da psiquiatria pode ser definido em vertentes reducionistas e não-reducionistas. No contexto atual, há uma tendência a uma polarização. Por um lado, o objeto da psiquiatria é concebido como o objeto das demais especialidades médicas, enquanto doença mental, localizado no cérebro e resultando em práticas que privilegiam as abordagens biológicas. Por outro, em vertentes mais amplas de definição, ele consiste no sofrimento psíquico e social ou em disfunções internas socialmente inapropriadas, o que envolve múltiplos níveis e dimensões biológico, fenomenológico, cultural. Esta concepção do objeto da psiquiatria demanda uma multiplicidade e pluralidade de abordagens tanto no plano teórico quanto no plano prático. A presente tese afirma que uma perspectiva multinível e plural é imperiosa à práxis psiquiátrica. A tese está dividida em duas partes. Na primeira, realiza-se uma discussão filosófica na psiquiatria, mediante o método da investigação conceitual, visando um refinamento teórico do campo, que tende a gerar práticas mais efetivas. Três problemas filosóficos que perpassam a psiquiatria são discutidos: a distinção explicação-compreensão; o problema mente-cérebro e a distinção fato-valor. Aponta-se uma solução pragmatista para cada um destes problemas. Na segunda parte, realiza-se um estudo de caso com o exemplar esquizofrenia, analisando os múltiplos níveis do fenômeno mediante a apresentação das abordagens biológicas, fenomenológicas e antropológicas da esquizofrenia na contemporaneidade, enfocando, respectivamente, as hipóteses neurodesenvolvimentais, as alterações na consciência pré-reflexiva de si e as concepções do fenômeno em contextos não-ocidentais. A esquizofrenia corresponde a uma categoria de alta validade, tendo uma importante participação de fatores genético-biológicos. Ainda assim, o modelo biomédico se mostra insuficiente para dar conta da complexidade da experiência do adoecimento nesta condição. Portanto, uma perspectiva multinível e plural se faz mandatória. E se esta perspectiva se aplica à esquizofrenia, aplicar-se-á também a todos os transtornos mentais, com importantes implicações para a práxis psiquiátrica, seja no âmbito da teoria e pesquisa, seja no âmbito da clínica e da elaboração de políticas públicas de saúde mental, ajustando-se melhor, por exemplo, aos propósitos do Global Mental Health.Just as medicine, psychiatry does not consist in a theoretical discipline, but in praxis, a theoretical project that is only justified by practical project. Therefore, it is a field of intervention. Psychiatry uses various theoretical and scientific approaches with a practical purpose. However, the subject of this field cannot to be confused with the subject of these approaches. The subject of psychiatry can be defined in reductionist and non-reductionist strands. In the current context, there is a tendency to polarization. On the one hand, the subject of psychiatry is conceived as the subject of other medical specialities, as a mental disease, located in the brain and resulting in practices that favor biological approaches. On the other hand, in broader strands of definition, it consists on psychic and social suffering or socially inappropriate internal dysfunctions, which involves multiple levels and dimensions - biological, phenomenological, cultural. This conception of the subject of psychiatry demands a multiplicity and plurality of approaches in both theoretical and practical plans. This thesis affirms that a multilevel and plural perspective is imperative to psychiatric praxis. The thesis is divided into two parts. In the first part, there is a philosophical discussion in psychiatry, by the method of conceptual investigation, aiming a theoretical refinement of the field, which tends to generate more effective practices. Three philosophical problems that pass through psychiatry are discussed: the explanation-understanding distinction, the mind-brain problem and the fact-value distinction. A pragmatist solution for each of these problems is pointed. In the second part, there is a case study of schizophrenia as exemplar, analyzing the multiple levels of the phenomenon upon presentation of biological, phenomenological and anthropological approaches to schizophrenia in contemporary times. This case study is focusing on neurodevelopmental hypothesis, changes in pre-reflective self-consciousness and conceptions of the phenomenon in non-Western contexts, respectively. Schizophrenia represents a category of high validity, with an important contribution of genetic-biological factors. Still, the biomedical model is insufficient to account for the complexity of the experience of suffering this condition. Therefore, a multilevel and plural perspective becomes mandatory. And if this perspective applies to schizophrenia, also will apply to all mental disorders, with important implications for psychiatric praxis, either within the theory and research, either within the clinical and mental health policy development, adjusting better, for example, to the purposes of the Global Mental Health.
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Rosenauer, Doris Verfasser], Sven [Akademischer Betreuer] [Gutachter] [Voelpel, Astrid C. [Gutachter] Homan, and Klaus [Gutachter] Boehnke. "Leadership in a Changing Business World. A Multilevel Perspective on Connecting Employees to Organizational Goals / Doris Rosenauer. Betreuer: Sven Voelpel. Gutachter: Sven Voelpel ; Astrid C. Homan ; Klaus Boehnke." Bremen : IRC-Library, Information Resource Center der Jacobs University Bremen, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1101939893/34.
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Lönnqvist, Tomas. "Biogas in Swedish transport – a policy-driven systemic transition." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Energiprocesser, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-206578.
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The thesis analyzes the conditions for biogas in the Swedish transport sector. Biogas can contribute to the achievement of Sweden’s ambitious targets of decreased emissions of greenhouse gases and an increased share of renewables in the transport sector, a sector that encompasses the major challenges in the phase-out of fossil fuels. Biogas development has stagnated during recent years and there are several factors that have contributed to this. The use of biogas in transport has developed in niches strongly affected by policy instruments and in this thesis, the progress is understood as a policy-driven systemic transition. Biogas has (started to) become established at the regime level and has begun to replace fossil fuels. The major obstacles for continued biogas development are found to be the stagnated vehicle gas demand, the low predictability of Swedish policy instruments, and electric car development. Moreover, the current prolonged period of low oil prices has also contributed to a lack of top-down pressure. A large share of the cheap and easily accessible feedstock for conventional biogas production is already utilized and an increased use of vehicle gas could enable a commercial introduction of forest-derived methane. However, the technologies to produce forest-derived methane are still not commercial, although there are industrial actors with technological know-how. Future biogas development depends on how the policy framework develops. Policy makers should consider the dynamics of biogas as a young sociotechnical system where different system fronts develop at a varying pace. Currently the demand side is lagging behind. However, it is necessary to maintain predictable policy support throughout the entire biogas value chain, since the system fronts that lag can vary over time. The low predictability of Swedish policy instruments indicates that policy makers should exercise care in their design to create a more robust policy framework moving forward.QC 20170508
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Televantou, Ioulia. "Addressing an old issue from a new methodological perspective : a proposition on how to deal with bias due to multilevel measurement error in the estimation of the effects of school composition." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:162c7ee3-2fe4-4bed-8e44-10018e85dc68.
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With educational effectiveness studies, school-level aggregates of students' characteristics (e.g. achievement) are often used to assess the impact of school composition on students' outcomes – school compositional effects. Empirical findings on the magnitude and direction of school compositional effects have not been consistent. Relevant methodological studies raise the issue of under-specification at level 1 in compositional models - evident when the student-level indicator on which the aggregation is based is mis-measured. This phenomenon has been shown to bias compositional effect estimates, leading to misleading effects of the aggregated variables – phantom compositional effects. My thesis, consisted of three separate studies, presents an advanced methodological framework that can be used to investigate the effect of school composition net of measurement error bias. In Study 1, I quantify the impact of failing to account for measurement error on school compositional effects as used in value added models of educational effectiveness to explain relative school effects. Building on previous studies, multilevel structural equation models are incorporated to control for measurement error and/or sampling error. Study 1a, a large sample of English primary students in years one and four (9,059 students from 593 schools) reveals a small, significant and negative compositional effect on students' subsequent mathematics achievement that becomes more negative after controlling for measurement error. Study 1b, a large study of Cyprus primary students in year four (1694 students in 59 schools) shows a small, positive but statistically significant effect that becomes non-significant after controlling for measurement error. Further analyses with the English data (Study 2), demonstrates a negative compositional effect of school average mathematics achievement on subsequent mathematics self-concept – a Big Fish Little Pond Effect (BFLPE). Adjustments for measurement and sampling error result in more negative BFLPEs. The originality of Study 2 lies in verifying BFLPEs for students as young as five to eight/nine years old. Bridging the findings related to students' mathematics self-concept (Study 2) and the findings on students’ mathematics achievements (Study 1a), I demonstrate that the prevalence of BFLPEs with the English data partly explains the negative compositional effect of school average mathematics achievement on students' subsequent mathematics achievement. Lastly, in Study 3 I consider an alternative approach to school accountability to conventional value added models, namely the Regression Discontinuity approach. Specifically, I use the English TIMSS 1995 primary (years four and five) and secondary (years eight and nine) data to investigate the effect of one extra year of schooling on students' mathematics achievement and the variability across schools in their absolute effects. The extent to which school composition, as given by school average achievement, correlates with schools' added-year effects is addressed. Importantly the robustness of the RD estimates to measurement error bias is demonstrated. My findings have important methodological, substantive and theoretical implications for on-going debates on the school compositional effects on students' outcomes, because nearly all previous research has been based on traditional approaches to multilevel models, which are positively biased due to the failure to control for measurement error.
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Kelly, Christina. "Towards the integrated management of Irish estuaries and coasts : proposing an 'Integration Transition Pathway' using a multi-level perspective." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2017. https://pure.qub.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/towards-the-integrated-management-of-irish-estuaries-and-coasts-proposing-an-integration-transition-pathway-using-a-multilevel-perspective(fe1c25da-d357-4e5e-8de4-b273bcf11fb2).html.
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Estuaries and coasts are dynamic and complex ecosystems and are important regions in terms of ecology and productivity. They consist of a wide range of different habitats and are important locations for wildlife. They also tend to be the world’s most intensely used regions, accommodating a range of activities including shipping, ports and harbours, fishing and coastal development. As a result of global population growth and increasing demands for food and energy, estuaries and coasts are coming under intense pressure leading to their degradation. Current management approaches which consider activities in isolation are no longer sustainable. In Ireland, the management of coastal ecosystems is largely carried out in a fragmented, sectoral and uncoordinated manner. There is no overarching national coastal or marine policy and there is no single body with overall responsibility for Irish estuaries and coasts. A more holistic approach is required to deal with the multi-uses, multi-users, multi-scales and multi-effects of estuarine and coastal ecosystems. This research develops an approach for the integrated and sustainable managemeht.of estuaries and coasts in Ireland. Based on a review and critical analysis of integrated environmental management theory and practice, an integrated environmental management and monitoring system (EMMS) was devised for Irish estuaries and coasts. The proposed EMMS was used as a heuristic device to evaluate existing management initiatives and future management approaches in two Irish case studies. This suggested that the EMMS was unable to address all the issues preventing a more sustainable management of estuaries and coasts and exposed more ‘persistent problems’ associated with a system-wide failure in environmental governance and regime impediments. As a response, to this, the thesis makes an original contribution by applying the multi-level perspective from transitions theory as a way of conceptualising the large scale changes to governance that can deliver sustainable integrated management of Irish estuaries.
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Sweigard, Thomas L. "The changing classroom culture : participants' perspectives of a first, second grade multilevel classroom /." The Ohio State University, 1992. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487777170405708.
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Roberts, John Cameron Dinsmore. "The evolution of discursive story-lines during socio-technical transitions : an analytical model applied to British and American road and rail transport during the twentieth century." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2015. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/the-role-of-political-and-cultural-discursive-conflict-in-twentiethcentury-transport-transitions-a-refinement-of-the-multilevel-perspective(4cacb141-b7fa-4713-8c99-4a76f328d713).html.
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This thesis develops and tests an analytical model describing the development of discursive story-lines at the niche and regime levels during a socio-technical transition. The problem is considered from a longitudinal and symmetrical perspective, meaning that it accounts for both positive and negative story-lines about niche and regime technologies over the entire course of a transition. The conceptual background of this thesis comes from Marteen Hajer’s account of discursive story-lines, which actors use to make sense of complex phenomena and problems. This thesis develops a four-phase analytical model to describe how these story-lines make sense of niche and regime technologies during a transition. This model is based on insights from two theoretical fields. The first is transitions theory, which describes how the relationship between niche and regime technologies changes over time, and suggests four moments of struggle during a transition. The second of these is Snow and Benford’s theory of frame resonance, which suggests four discursive resources which determine the appeal of story-lines. By combining these two theories, it is possible to identify the discursive resources available to niche and regime actors at different struggles during a transition, and the content of the story-lines that will be based on these resources. This leads to an analytical model in which niche and regime story-lines go through four identifiable phases as a niche technology replaces an incumbent regime. During each phase, story-lines promoted by niche and regime actors are shaped by the relationship of the two technologies to each other, the influence this has on niche and regime actors’ access to the four discursive resources, and by the ‘cultural landscape’, which accounts for large-scale changes in public cultural repertories. This theory is tested using two case studies, based on primary historical research on the transition from a rail-dominated transport system to a road-dominated transport system in the United Kingdom and the United States. Each of these transitions is broken down into four periods corresponding to the four phases of the analytical model. For each period, research on newspapers, magazines, and political debates provides an account of the dominant story-lines in each period, which are then compared with the analytical model. The findings of this research demonstrate that with some modifications, the analytical model is plausible. This has important implications for transitions theory, most notably that negative story-lines can be a destabilising influence in a socio-technical regime. It is also an important contribution to the debate over the role of conflict, politics, and contested understandings of technology during a socio-technical transition.
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Burton-Jones, Andrew. "New Perspectives on the System Usage Construct." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2005. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/cis_diss/3.
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Information systems are designed to support human and organizational purposes. To achieve their ends, information systems must be used. Although this may seem to be self-evident, there are many aspects of systems usage that are not so, and yet, in spite of this, there has been little intense conceptual scrutiny of this construct in past research. The objective of this thesis, therefore, is to develop new in-depth perspectives for studying system usage. Drawing on critical realist assumptions and studies of research diversity, I explain how epistemological factors enable while ontological factors constrain the diversity of meanings of system usage, and I build on this reasoning to advance a systematic approach for conceptualizing and measuring system usage in an appropriate way for a given research context. To demonstrate the approach and judge its usefulness, I carry out three empirical studies to test whether measures of system usage that are selected according to the proposed approach provide more explanatory power and lead to more coherent results in specific research contexts than other measures of system usage. Exploring the relationship between system usage and user task performance among 804 users of spreadsheet software, the experiments reveal support for the usefulness of the approach and demonstrate how it can enable researchers to conceptualize and measure system usage in an appropriate manner for a given research context. Together, the conceptual approach and empirical studies contribute by: (1) providing a systematic way to conceptualize and measure system usage for a given study context, (2) revealing rich new directions for research on the nature of system usage, its antecedents, and its consequences, and (3) suggesting a new approach for construct development and investigation in IS research.
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Guyot-Phung, Carola. "Comment l’innovation peut contribuer à une dynamique de transition écologique ? : Le cas de l’industrie du recyclage." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLX103.
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La transition vers un modèle durable de société peut être impulsée et pilotée grâce à des politiques publiques et favorisée par l’innovation. Pour autant, elle suppose des transformations qui dépassent largement l’innovation technologique à proprement parler. Or ces dynamiques de transition restent encore peu étudiées. Nous avons choisi d’analyser en profondeur deux cas d’innovation dans le secteur du recyclage. Nous mobilisons l’approche sociotechnique de la transition (Geels, 2002, 2011) pour éclairer les processus à l’œuvre et les dynamiques enclenchées. Cette perspective articule trois niveaux : le paysage, le régime sociotechnique et la niche sociotechnique. La niche sociotechnique constitue un espace qui permet d’initier des transformations et dans lequel l’innovation se développe de manière privilégiée. Des projets concrets peuvent y éclore et se consolider, protégés de la sélection du régime sociotechnique. Nous nous intéressons aux mécanismes de diffusion de la niche et aux transformations que cette dernière suscite au niveau du régime. Nous discutons certaines de ces notions à partir du matériau empirique constitué. Nous proposons notamment de distinguer les différents types d’intermédiaires de transition, qui contribuent à établir ce lien entre niche et régimeInnovation and public policies can help trigger and monitor sustainability transitions. This implies transformation processes that go beyond mere technological innovation. Such transition dynamics are still to be thoroughly analyzed. We chose to study two innovation cases within the recycling industry. We use the Multilevel Perspective (Geels, 2002, 2011) to shed light upon ongoing processes and dynamics. This literature makes links between three analytical levels: landscape, sociotechnical regime, and sociotechnical niche. The sociotechnical niche is a locus for emerging transformations and a space to shelter innovation development. Concrete projects can appear and strengthen while protected from regime selection. We focus on niche diffusion processes and regime transformation triggered by the niche. We discuss some notions upon empirical analysis and propose to draw a distinction between transition intermediaries and their contributions to the niche-regime link
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Rodríguez-Gámez, Liz Ileana. "New Perspectives on the Spatial Analysis of Urban Employment Distribution and Commuting Patterns: the Cases of Hermosillo and Ciudad Obregon, Mexico." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/223344.
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Whereas no prior contribution has focused on the case of a medium-sized city in a developing country, such as Mexico, to explore how urban structure and its expansion has affected the spatial distribution of employment, three distinct, but related papers were developed, which combine urban economics literature and spatial sciences techniques to fill this gap and provide new evidence. The first paper, entitled "Spatial Distribution of Employment in Hermosillo, 1999 and 2004" identifies where employment subcenters are. Testing the presence of spatial effects, it concludes that an incipient process of employment suburbanization has taken place; however, the city still exhibits a monocentric structure. As a complement, a second paper, "Employment Density in Hermosillo, 1999-2004: A Spatial Econometric Approach of Local Parameters" tests if the Central Business District (CBD), despite suburbanization, maintains the traditional attributes of attracting activities and influencing the organization of employment around it. The CBD is still attractive, but its influence varies across space and economic sector, conclusions that were masked by global estimations. Thirdly, a study was essential to uncover how important is the urban structure and the suburbanization of jobs in explaining the dispersion resulting of households and workplaces (commuting). The paper entitled "Commuting in a Developing City: The Case of Ciudad Obregon, Mexico" examines this issue. To take advantage of the commuting information available, the study area was switched. In general, the results are consistent with those suggested by urban economics; moreover, the inclusion of workplace characteristics was a novelty to model commuting behavior and proves that space matters. Additionally, new evidence was provided to the field of spatial science through the applications of techniques able to expose the spatial effects associated with the distribution of employment, more specifically, the Exploratory Spatial Data Analysis(ESDA), Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR) with spatial effects, as well as the generalized multilevel hierarchical linear model (GMHL) were used. The new findings produced for this dissertation provide a more comprehensive understanding of urban dynamics and could help to improve the planning process. It is hoped that this dissertation will contribute to that development as well as stimulate further research.
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Cook, Alexandra Roswitha [Verfasser], Bertolt [Akademischer Betreuer] Meyer, Bertolt [Gutachter] Meyer, and Dijk Johannes [Gutachter] Van. "Informal Leadership in Teams: Multilevel Perspectives on Perception and Behavior / Alexandra Roswitha Cook ; Gutachter: Bertolt Meyer, Johannes Van Dijk ; Betreuer: Bertolt Meyer." Chemnitz : Technische Universität Chemnitz, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1220723525/34.
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Cook, Alexandra (Sasha) [Verfasser], Bertolt [Akademischer Betreuer] Meyer, Bertolt [Gutachter] Meyer, and Dijk Johannes [Gutachter] Van. "Informal Leadership in Teams: Multilevel Perspectives on Perception and Behavior / Alexandra Roswitha Cook ; Gutachter: Bertolt Meyer, Johannes Van Dijk ; Betreuer: Bertolt Meyer." Chemnitz : Technische Universität Chemnitz, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1220723525/34.
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Klein, Robert R. "Toward a Good Life in Later Life: Perspectives, Problems, and Responses." The Ohio State University, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1364341896.
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Azevedo, Caio Lucidius Naberezny. "Modelos longitudinais de grupos múltiplos multiníveis na teoria da resposta ao item: métodos de estimação e seleção estrutural sob uma perspectiva bayesiana." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/45/45133/tde-15042008-165256/.
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No presente trabalho propomos uma estrutura bayesiana, através de um esquema de dados aumentados, para analisar modelos longitudinais com grupos mútiplos (MLGMTRI) na Teoria da Resposta ao Item (TRI). Tal estrutura consiste na tríade : modelagem, métodos de estimação e métodos de diagnóstico para a classe de MLGMTRI. Na parte de modelagem, explorou-se as estruturas multivariada e multinível, com o intuito de representar a hierarquia existente em dados longitudinais com grupos múltiplos. Esta abordagem permite considerar várias classes de submodelos como: modelos de grupos múltiplos e modelos longitudinais de um único grupo. Estudamos alguns aspectos positivos e negativos de cada uma das supracitadas abordagens. A modelagem multivariada permite representar de forma direta estruturas de dependência, além de possibilitar que várias delas sejam facilmente incorporadas no processo de estimação. Isso permite considerar, por exemplo, uma matriz não estruturada e assim, obter indícios da forma mais apropriada para a estrutura de dependência. Por outro lado, a modelagem multinível propicia uma interpretação mais direta, obtenção de condicionais completas univariadas, fácil inclusão de informações adicionais, incorporação de fontes de dependência intra e entre unidades amostrais, dentre outras. Com relação aos métodos de estimação, desenvolvemos um procedimento baseado nas simulações de Monte Carlo via cadeias de Markov (MCMC). Mostramos que as distribuições condicionais completas possuem forma analítica conhecida e, além disso, são fáceis de se amostrar. Tal abordagem, apesar de demandar grande esforço computacional, contorna diversos problemas encontrados em outros procedimentos como: limitação no número de grupos envolvidos, quantidade de condições de avaliação, escolha de estruturas de dependência, assimetria dos traços latentes, imputação de dados, dentre outras. Além disso, através da metodologia MCMC, desenvolvemos uma estrutura de seleção de matrizes de covariâncias, através de um esquema de Monte Carlo via Cadeias de Markov de Saltos Reversíveis (RJMCMC). Estudos de simulação indicam que o modelo, o método de estimação e o método de seleção produzem resultados bastante satisfatórios. Também, robustez à escolha de prioris e valores iniciais foi observada. Os métodos de estimação desenvolvidos podem ser estendidos para diversas situações de interesse de um modo bem direto. Algumas das técnicas de diagnóstico estudadas permitem avaliar a qualidade do ajuste do modelo de um modo global. Outras medidas fornecem indícios de violação de suposições específicas, como ausência de normalidade para os traços latentes. Tal metodologia fornece meios concretos de se avaliar a qualidade do instrumento de medida (prova, questionário etc). Finalmente, a análise de um conjunto de dados real, utilizando-se alguns dos modelos abordados no presente trabalho, ilustra o potencial da tríade desenvolvida além de indicar um ganho na utilização dos modelos longitudinais da TRI na análise de ensaios educacionais com medidas repetidas em deterimento a suposição de independência.In this work we proposed a bayesian framework, by using an augmented data scheme, to analyze longitudinal multiple groups models (LMGMIRT) in the Item Response Theory (IRT). Such framework consists in the following set : modelling, estimation methods and diagnostic tools to the LMGMIRT. Concerning the modelling, we exploited multivariate and multilevel structures in order to represent the hierarchical nature of the longitudinal multiple groupos model. This approach allows to consider several submodels such that: multiple groups and longitudinal one group models. We studied some positive and negative aspects of both above mentioned approches. The multivariate modelling allows to represent, in a straightforward way, many dependence structures. Furthermore it possibilities that many of them can be easily considered in the estimation process. This allows, for example, to consider an unstructured covariance matrix and, then, it allows to obtain information about the most appropritate dependece structure. On the other hand, the multilevel modelling permits to obtain: more straightforward interpretations of the model, the construction of univariate full conditional distributions, an easy way to include auxiliary information, the incorporation of within and between subjects (groups) sources of variability, among others. Concerning the estimation methods, we developed a procedure based on Monte Carlo Markov Chain (MCMC) simulation. We showed that the full conditional distributions are known and easy to sample from. Even though such approach demands a considerable amount of time it circumvents many problems such that: limitation in the number of groups that can be considered, the limitation in the number of instants of observation, the choice of covariance matrices, latent trait asymmetry, data imputation, among others. Furthermore, within the MCMC metodology, we developed a procedure to select covariance matrices, by using the so called Reversible Jump MCMC (RJMCMC). Simulation studies show that the model, the estimation method and the model selection procedure produce reasonable results. Also, the studies indicate that the developed metodology presents robustness concerning prior choice and different initial values choice. It is possible to extent the developed estimation methods to other situations in a straightforward way. Some diagnostics techniques that were studied allow to assess the model fit, in a global sense. Others techniques give directions toward the departing from some specific assumptions as the latent trait normality. Such methodology also provides ways to assess the quality of the test or questionaire used to measure the latent traits. Finally, by analyzing a real data set, using some of the models that were developed, it was possible to verify the potential of the methodology considered in this work. Furthermore, the results of this analysis indicate advantages in using longitudinal IRT models to model educational repeated measurement data instead of to assume independence.
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Baraldi, Luciana Duarte. "Italianando a San Paolo: um projeto na perspectiva pós-método para o ensino-aprendizagem de italiano em contexto de sala multisseriada de um Centro de Estudos de Línguas (CEL)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8148/tde-05072018-193729/.
Full textAbstract:
O objetivo deste estudo é investigar quais as contribuições da implementação de um projeto na perspectiva pós-método para o ensino-aprendizagem da língua italiana em contexto multisseriado. O projeto concebido e realizado com base na pedagogia pós-método consiste em uma proposta de intervenção que possibilita integrar os estudantes de turma multisseriada que estão oficialmente matriculados em estágios diferentes no que diz respeito ao domínio do idioma italiano, mas que, na prática, fazem parte de um único grupo durante o mesmo período de aula e espaço físico , bem como promover um trabalho colaborativo que dê subsídios à construção da autonomia dos participantes. A fundamentação teórica consiste, essencialmente, no pós-método, seus parâmetros e suas macroestratégias (Kumaravadivelu 1994, 2001, 2003, 2006), nos pressupostos da teoria sócio-histórico-cultural, representados nesta pesquisa por Vygotsky (1984[2007]) e Freire (1996[2015]), e na concepção de linguagem de Bakhtin (1929[2014]). Outras teorias que contribuem para este estudo são as que tratam do trabalho com projetos, cujas referências são Ridarelli (1998) e Moura e Barbosa (2007), e o conceito de tarefa (Ellis, 2003, 2008, 2009). No que se refere à fundamentação metodológica, trata-se de uma pesquisa-ação de cunho qualitativista-interpretativista, realizada no primeiro semestre de 2015 em uma classe multisseriada formada por oito alunas de um Centro de Estudos de Línguas (CEL) da cidade de São Paulo. Para realizar este estudo, procurou-se atender às necessidades das discentes e da professora da turma multisseriada por meio do planejamento e da execução do projeto Italianando a San Paolo. A análise dos dados coletados parece indicar que os parâmetros e as macroestratégias pós-método foram contemplados por meio da realização do projeto, bem como foram identificadas novas macroestratégias, tanto no âmbito das interações entre as participantes quanto em suas reflexões sobre a experiência vivenciada, o que implicou uma nova perspectiva de trabalho didático com o grupo multisseriado e, também, uma intensa transformação social no referido contexto, o que acabou extrapolando os muros da escola e estabelecendo uma ponte entre essa instituição e a universidade.This study aims to investigate the contributions of a post-method perspective project for Italian teaching-learning in a multilevel context. To conceive and undertake a project based on post-method pedagogy means a proposal of intervention that enables the integration between students of multilevel classrooms who are officially enrolled in different stages regarding their mastery of the Italian language but who, in practice, are part of the same group and occupy the same physical space during classes as well as the promotion of collaborative work that can help build their autonomy. Thus, the thesiss theoretical grounding is essentially post-method, its parameters and macro strategies (Kumaravadivelu 1994, 2001, 2003, 2006), the presuppositions of socio-historical-cultural theory, represented in this research by Vygotsky (1984[2007]) and Freire (1996[2015]), and Bakhtins conception of language. Other theories that contribute to this study are the ones that analyze working with projects, especially Ridarelli (1998), and Moura and Barbosa (2007), and the concept of task (Ellis, 2003, 2008, 2009). As for the methodology, it consists of action-research in a qualitative-interpretive approach, undertaken during the first term of 2015 in a multilevel classroom with eight students of a Centro de Estudos de Línguas (CEL) in the city of São Paulo. We sought to fulfill the needs of the students and the teacher of the multilevel classroom through planning and executing the project Italianando a San Paolo. The analysis of the collected data seems to indicate that the post-method parameters and macro strategies were taken into account as the project went on, in addition to having been identified other macro strategies, and appeared both in the interaction between the participants and during their reflections on the lived experience, which resulted in a new perspective of didactic work with the multilevel group and also in intense social transformation of the given context, which ended up going beyond the walls of the school and creating a bridge between that institution and the university.
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Wen-Fu, Liu, and 劉文富. "Development And Perspective On Multilevel Marketing Industry." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/22770535783704109892.
Full textAbstract:
碩士輔仁大學
管理學院經營管理碩士學程
96
Most of people feel a strong antipathy towards the multilevel marketing. The negative feedback follows as a consequence of consideration of one direction only selling from people to people. Practically, operating multilevel marketing is a serious issue that should be directed by experts who specializes in knowledge management including marketing implementation, organization management, human resource, and business administration. It’s a narrow definition only with a specific point of view in understanding or judging the multilevel marketing. Comprehensive perspective of multilevel marketing is globalization and specialization. People owning these knowledge and technology is so-called understanding multilevel marketing in truth. The research provides people with guiding information and instruction who are intending to run the business of multilevel marketing, including relative regulations, authority and obligation that people easily leave out while operating the business of multilevel marketing. The research positively effects people with motivation to learn and establish new manner of life for development and perspective on multilevel marketing industry. Conventional direct selling confronts a pressure on revolution due to advancement of internet technology and living standard. Anticipate the research to be conducted with proposal for win-win.
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Yang, Wan-yu, and 楊萬昱. "Analyzing The System Usage of ERP system From Multilevel Perspective." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/b272yc.
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Chang, Wen-Chen, and 張文甄. "A Multilevel Examination of Creativity and Performance: The Dynamic Capability Perspective." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/wvf562.
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碩士國立臺灣科技大學
企業管理系
107
With the rapid development of technology, employees need to have the ability to innovate and transform new technologies and new knowledge into new processes or products to remain competitive in the enterprise. In recent year, Dynamic Capacity has become more and more important, emphasizing the ability to discover, absorb, and transform new knowledge. In the past, the research focused on the mediation effect or moderation effect of absorptive capacity and adaptive ability on firm performance from the perspectives of organizational learning and high-performance human management. In addition, this paper would focus on the relationship of personal creativity and performance, and the moderation effect of absorptive capacity and adaptive capability, based on dynamic capacity The research object of this study is 59 units of 49 companies, with 355 employees and managers. In this study, Multilevel Structural Equation Modeling (MSEM) was used for data combination testing. The results show that employee creativity has a positive impact on individual performance.
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Wang, Li-Huan, and 王儷寰. "Exploring Leader and Member Perfectionism in Job Burnout from a Multilevel Perspective." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/58620879775118760685.
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碩士國立清華大學
科技管理研究所
102
This paper examines how employees with perfectionism affect their perception of job stress and job burnout. The role of a perfectionist supervisor on the relationship between a perfectionist employee and job stress was also explored. Data was collected from 239 team members and 63 team leaders comprising 63 R&;D teams in high-tech industry. Hypotheses were tested with both hierarchical liner modeling (HLM) and multiple regression analyses. At the individual level, results support the relationships between maladaptive perfectionism, job stress, and job burnout. In addition, job stress mediates the relationship between maladaptive perfectionism and job burnout. At the group level, results show that a leader with maladaptive perfectionism moderates the relationship between employee with maladaptive perfectionism and job stress.
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Yao, Tseng Kuan, and 曾冠堯. "Effect of Sport Team Paternalistic Leadership on Self-efficient: Multilevel Analysis Perspective." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/25317923508422424904.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立新竹教育大學
體育學系碩士班
98
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of paternalistic leadership behavior on athlete`s self-efficient for college basketball players in multilevel perspective and hierarchical linear modeling method. The subjects of this study included 39 basketball teams and 476 college Division II man and women basketball players who participated in 2008 College Basketball League. A set of instruments was used to collect data and factor analysis, the paternalistic leadership questionnaire and self-efficacy questionnaire were used to collect data in this study. Descript statistics, Pearson correlation, and Hierarchical Linear Modeling analysis were used to analysis data. Hear are the findings：（1）In the individual-level, the authoritarian leadership had positively effect on athlete`s self-efficient, but the benevolent leadership was not.（2）In the cross level, the moral leadership had only positively effect on athlete`s self-efficient in individual level, but it did not have any effect in cross level. Finally, it is also discussed in this study for the main findings and limitations as well as future study directions and management implications.
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Chou, Jui-Hsieh, and 周睿賢. "Examining Multilevel Perspective on Enterprise System Success: A case on T Company." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/29682547697610126447.
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碩士元智大學
資訊管理學系
97
Enterprise resource planning (ERP) system has become a must-have information system and information technical infrastructure in most modern companies. Although most of the enterprises believe that ERP application can improve their competitive advantages, some enterprise failed to gain the expected benefits from ERP application. Thus, measuring the success of information systems is of paramount important. Besides, a successful ERP implementation project does not guarantee automatic business benefits realization in the post-implementation phase. Therefore, based on “Updated IS Success Model” proposed by DeLone and McLean (2003) and multilevel theory, this research adopted case study method to measure the ERP post-implementation success from multilevel perspective. This study’s research objective is to provide better understanding of what influences and constitute an ERP success from the multilevel perspective. After a series of researches and discussions, we found that it takes information quality, system quality, system use, user satisfaction and perceived benefits to build up ERP success in the individual level. On the other hand, ERP success in the group level mainly consists of ERP fit, group use and group net benefits. The constructs in individual level and group level will have some bottom-up or top-down influences to other levels. A number of managerial suggestions are also proposed for improving ERP system operational performance.
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Chaimongkol, Saengla Huffer Fred W. "Modeling differential item functioning (DIF) using multilevel logistic regression models a Bayesian perspective /." Diss., 2005. http://etd.lib.fsu.edu/theses/available/etd-04112005-142228/.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Florida State University, 2005.Advisor: Dr. Fred W. Huffer, Florida State University, College of Arts and Sciences, Dept. of Statistics. Title and description from dissertation home page (viewed June 10, 2005). Document formatted into pages; contains xii, 130 pages. Includes bibliographical references.
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Chen, Shu-Ling, and 陳淑玲. "A Multilevel Analysis of Innovation Behavior and Innovation Performance: Perspective of Resource Base Theory." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/73449643563696362890.
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博士國立中山大學
人力資源管理研究所
94
Previous work on innovation performance has focused on either organization or individual-level analysis. The current study is the first that we are aware of in which multilevel theory and method were applied to innovation behavior and innovation performance. This multilevel study of 100 managers, 512 R&D teams of employees from 38 R&D companies demonstrated that both individual-and team-level factors were significantly associated with innovation behavior: Balanced psychological contract fulfillment explained within-team variance, and innovation climate explained between-team variance. Further, employee innovation behavior aggregated to the team level explained between-team variance in innovation performance. This paper also explores the impact of the RBV on the theoretical and empirical development of SHRM and innovation climate. This study is to introduce Intellectual capital as a mediating construct between knowledge human resource management (KHRM) systems and knowledge create. This study provides consistent support for the notion that KHRM systems are fundamental in the development of intellectual capital. This study also found intellectual capital to be associated with increased knowledge creation and innovation performance. With regard to intellectual capital’s mediating role in the HR-performance linkage, this study provides both managers and academics with a more fine-grained analysis of how to target HR investments that build intellectual capital, which, in turn, drive team innovation performance. The results contribute to knowledge on the resource-based view of the firm and the importance of multilevel theory.
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Chen, Chien-Li, and 陳建立. "Transformational leadership and its effectiveness from a social cognition perspective: Testing a homologous multilevel model." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/82399859713012494152.
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博士義守大學
管理研究所博士班
98
Researchers and practicians must consider how research generalizes across levels (individuals and teams) when they apply findings within the organization. This longitudinal field study addressed the issues and relationships of transformational leadership (TFL), efficacy beliefs, and job performance, organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) through the social cognitive perspective. Besides, we empirically examined how TFL influence overall performance, employee creativity, and OCB, which mediated by the self efficacy at the individual level and collective efficacy at the team level. This study conducted two phase survey and collected from four data sources, which included 74 teams, 575 registered nurses, 65 heads of nurses, and 14 supervisors from two hospitals of one healthcare system in Taiwan. This study conducted multilevel perspectives and empirical procedures to test the relationships of the parallel variables between individuals and teams. The statistical procedures adopted the ordinary least square regression and random coefficient modeling to test the effects separately on individual level and team level, which included a single level, homologues multilevel, and cross-level. Results showed TFL and performances that mediated by the self-efficacy in individual level and collective efficacy at the team level. Corresponding homologous multilevel model adopts two testing procedures by configural and scalar similarity models. The corresponding level of similarity had verified between the configural and scalar similarity, which existed in individual and team level for the TFL, efficacy beliefs, and has a more powerful predictive validity for the team level than the individual level. Finally, we argued that had not been significant directs and interaction effects between the TFL at team level, and self-efficacy, job performance at the individual level. Conversely, the results showed the direct effect of cross level between collective efficacy and self-efficacy, job performance, OCB at the individual level, but without interaction effect. The study presented the theoretical and practical contributions and discussions for future research on leadership and social cognitive perspective.
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Yu, Ya-Lun, and 余亞倫. "A Multilevel analysis of Transformational Leadership and Employees Innovation Performance :Perspective of Knowledge Creation Theory." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/g2w72h.
Full textAbstract:
碩士遠東科技大學
創新設計與創業管理研究所
103
In the past on the change in the organization under the leadership knowledge creation, staff performance of innovation research staff levels of analysis, the individual level expressions of opinion, the study to competent staff matching manner survey, and in southern Taiwan industry Park Young-education and teachers for the study to examine- transformational leadership, employees of innovative performance cross-level analysis-organization knowledge creation theoretical perspective, this research purposes are as follows.1. Explore transformational type leadership of innovation staff performance of direct impact on.2. Explore conversion type leading the organization knowledge creation affect our staff innovative performance of circumstances.3. To investigate the effect of transformational leadership in innovation performance of employees to organize knowledge creation interference effects of intermediary variables, the relationship between supervisor and subordinate.The findings explanation is as follows: 1. The competent transformational leadership will directly affect their innovation performance, in charge of transformational leadership style is more obvious, the better innovation performance of employees, so transformational leadership has a significant positive impact on employees of innovation performance. 2. Director of transformational leadership influence employee innovative performance will be organizational knowledge creation agency, the stronger organizational knowledge creation, transformational leadership for the employees to know the positive impact of innovation performance also increases, so the impact of transformational leadership in innovation performance of employees will, through the intermediary of organizational knowledge creation, which mediated the effect of organizational knowledge creation. 3. The impact of transformational leadership on employee innovation performance to organizational knowledge creation as an intermediary, the relationship between supervisor and subordinate, has a first-order (front) interference effect in the relationship between supervisor and subordinate the better organizational knowledge creation capacity will increase as well, organizational knowledge creation employee innovation performance, have significant influence, so the impact of transformational leadership in innovation performance of employees to organize knowledge creation as an intermediary variables, and subordinate in charge of relations with the interference effect.