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Journal articles on the topic 'Multilevel Voltage Source Converter'

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Published: 2 June 2025

Last updated: 10 July 2025

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G, Ramya, and Ramaprabha R. "A Review on Designand Control Methods of Modular Multilevel Converter." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 7, no. 3 (2016): 863. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v7.i3.pp863-871.

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Modular multilevel converters (MMC) are an emerging voltage source converter topology suitable for many applications. Due to abundant utilization of HVDC power transmission, the modular multilevel converter has become popular converter type to be used in high voltage applications. Other applications include interfacing renewable energy power sources to the grid and motor drives. Modular multilevel converters are beneficial for high voltage and high power motor drives because of the properties of this converter topology, such as, low distortion, high efficiency, etc. For the past few years significant research has been carried out to address the technical challenges associated with operation and voltage balancing of MMC. In this paper, a detailed technical review on the control strategies is presented for ready reference.

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Beriber, D., A. Talha, and M. Boucherit. "Stabilization of multi DC bus link voltages of multilevel NPC VSI. Application to double stator induction motors." Archives of Control Sciences 22, no. 1 (2012): 107–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10170-011-0015-1.

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Stabilization of multi DC bus link voltages of multilevel NPC VSI. Application to double stator induction motors Voltage source multilevel inverters have become very attractive for power industries in power electronics applications during last years. The main purposes of studying multilevel inverters are the generation of output voltage signals with low harmonic distortion and reduction of switching frequency. An important issue of the multilevel inverter is the capacitor voltage-balancing problem. The unbalance of different DC voltage sources of multilevel neutral point clamped (NPC) voltage source inverter (VSI) constitutes the major limitation for the use of this new power converter. In this paper, we present study on the stability problem of the input DC voltages of the three-level Neutral Point Clamping (NPC) voltage source inverter (VSI). This inverter is useful for application in high voltage and high power area. In the first part, we remind the model of double stator induction motors (DSIM). Then, we develop control models of this inverter using the connection functions of the semi-conductors. We propose a Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) strategy to control this converter. The inverter is fed by constant input DC voltages. In the last part, we study the stability problem of the input DC voltages of the inverter. A cascade constituted by two three-level PWM rectifiers - two three-level NPC VSI - DSIM is discussed. The results obtained show that the input DC voltages of the inverters are not stable. To solve this problem, we propose to use a half clamping bridge. This solution is very promising in order to stabilize the input DC voltages of this converters.

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Shanono, Ibrahim Haruna, Nor Rul Hasma Abdullah, and Aisha Muhammad. "A Survey of Multilevel Voltage Source Inverter Topologies, Controls, and Applications." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 9, no. 3 (2018): 1186. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v9.i3.pp1186-1201.

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Multi-level converters are every day attracting research interest due to it tremendous positive contributions they are making in the power industries. The converter has put hope in the minds of power electronic engineers that a time will come when it will break a record by providing an efficient means of utilizing the abundant renewable energy resources. The paper presents a review of multilevel voltage source converters that are widely being used in engineering applications. It reports the technological advancements in converter topologies of Flying Capacitor (FC), Neutral Point (NPC) /Diode Clamped, and Cascaded H-Bridge (CHB) with their respective advantages and disadvantages. Recent customized/hybrid topologies of the three-phase multilevel inverter with reduced component count and switching combination are reported. The paper also reviewed different modulation techniques such as the multilevel converter carrier base PWM, Space Vector Modulation techniques (SVM), and Selective Harmonic Elimination method (SHE-PWM). Finally, various multilevel converters areas of application were highlighted. This review will expose the reader to the latest developments made in the multi-level topologies, modulation techniques, and applications.

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Sepahvand, Hossein, Jingsheng Liao, Mehdi Ferdowsi, and Keith Corzine. "Capacitor Voltage Regulation in Single-DC-Source Cascaded H-Bridge Multilevel Converters Using Phase-Shift Modulation." Industrial Electronics, IEEE Transactions on 60, no. 9 (2013): 3619–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tie.2012.2206335.

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Cascaded H-bridge multilevel power electronic converters generally require several dc sources. An alternative option is to replace all the separate dc sources feeding the H-bridge cells with capacitors, leaving only one H-bridge cell with a real dc voltage source. This will yield a cost-effective converter. However, the required capacitor voltage balancing is challenging. In this paper, using the phase-shift modulation approach, a new control method for cascaded H-bridge multilevel converters fed with only one independent dc source is presented. The proposed method has a wide voltage regulation range for the replacement capacitors in the H-bridge cells. Experimental and simulation results support the proposed control method.

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Yuan, Xibo. "Derivation of Voltage Source Multilevel Converter Topologies." IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics 64, no. 2 (2017): 966–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tie.2016.2615264.

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Ahamed Ibrahim, S. A., P. Anbalagan, and M. A. Jagabar Sathik. "A New Asymmetric and Cascaded Switched Diode Multilevel Inverter Topology for Reduced Switches, DC Source and Blocked Voltage on Switches." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 28, no. 04 (2019): 1950064. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126619500646.

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In this paper, a new asymmetric switched diode (ASD) multilevel inverter is presented for medium-voltage and high-power applications. The proposed converter consists of series connection basic unit with full-bridge inverter. In addition to this, a cascaded switched diode (CSD) structure is recommended to generate the higher number of voltage levels. Seven different algorithms are presented to determine the magnitudes of DC sources in CSD topology. To prove the advantages of proposed multilevel converter over recent multilevel converters in terms of blocking voltage, numbers of IGBTs and on-state switches are presented. To show the authority of the proposed multilevel inverter, it is simulated using MATLAB/Simulink and is experimentally tested using prototype model for 13-level inverter. Finally, various output voltage and current waveforms are shown to prove the dynamic behavior of proposed inverter.

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Thentral, T. M. Thamizh, R. Palanisamy, S. Usha, et al. "The Improved Unified Power Quality Conditioner with the Modular Multilevel Converter for Power Quality Improvement." International Transactions on Electrical Energy Systems 2022 (September 29, 2022): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/4129314.

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Nowadays, researchers focus on the modular multilevel converter (MMC), due to its modularity structure, effective sharing of voltages among the submodule switches, and betterment in the quality of the voltage and current waveforms. First, the conventional unified power quality conditioner is developed with two level voltage source converters connected back-to-back, which are proposed to mitigate both the voltage and current related power quality problems. Later, to improve the performances (voltage sag, swell, current harmonics, etc.) of the conventional method, multilevel inverters are used. In this paper, a modified unified power quality conditioner based on a modular multilevel converter is implemented to mitigate the voltage and current related power quality issues. The design of the MMC is very simple with a modular structure, and it also improves the performance of the system compared to the conventional methods. In this proposed topology, the voltage related compensation is implemented with a seven-level MMC, and the current compensation is achieved with a reduced four switch voltage source inverter. The developed system is simulated in the MATLAB platform, and results are validated by hardware implementation with a FPGA controller. It is observed that the developed system has less % of total harmonic distortion and reduction in voltage sag as per the prescribed IEEE 519–2014 standards and practices.

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Wiatr, P., and A. Kryński. "Model predictive control of multilevel cascaded converter with boosting capability – experimental results." Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences Technical Sciences 65, no. 5 (2017): 589–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bpasts-2017-0064.

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Abstract The main goal of this paper is to present a five-level converter with the feature of output voltage boosting capability. Thanks to its modular construction and single DC source usage, 5LCHB converter becomes an important alternative for two-level converters operating with DC-DC converters that use bulky inductors. Furthermore, model predictive control (MPC) method is presented, which allows for boosting output voltage of presented converter while providing three-phase load current control and flying capacitor voltage stabilization. The last section describes a 5kVA laboratory model of five-level hybrid converter interfacing RL load and shows experimental results confirming theoretical analysis derived in previous sections.

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Ali, Ahmed Adam Ismail, and Elnady A. "Design and implementation of multilevel non-isolated DC-DC converter for variable DC voltage source." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive System (IJPEDS) 12, no. 2 (2021): 994–1005. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v12.i2.pp994-1005.

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In this paper, a non-isolated multi-level DC-DC (MLDC-DC) smooth buck converter with the LC filter is designed and analyzed. The presented topology can be used in low or medium voltage levels in several applications that use DC storage elements. The use of the proposed multilevel converter topology reduces the voltage stress across the power converter switching elements and facilitates the voltage rating of the switches. The designed LC filter for the multilevel converter is characterized by a small inductor size, which reduces the traditional bulky inductor used in the output of the traditional DC-DC converter. The reduction in the filter size is proportional to the number of the connected voltage sources, it works effectively to reduce ripple in the load currents, and it increases the voltage gain. The intensive analysis of the converter system and the experimental results show a stable operation of the proposed converter with precise output voltage.

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Thayumanavan, Porselvi, Deepa Kaliyaperumal, Umashankar Subramaniam, et al. "Combined Harmonic Reduction and DC Voltage Regulation of A Single DC Source Five-Level Multilevel Inverter for Wind Electric System." Electronics 9, no. 6 (2020): 979. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics9060979.

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Wind power generation has increased in the past twenty years due to the development of power electronic converters. Power generation through wind has advantages over other renewable sources, such as having more efficiency, being pollution-free, and its abundant availability. Power electronic converters play a vital role in the wind energy conversion system. This paper presents a wind-electric system with a permanent magnet synchronous generator, diode rectifier, DC-DC converter (buck-Boost or Cuk converter), and a three-phase five-level inverter. The five-level inverter is a modified form of a cascaded H-bridge inverter that uses a single DC source as an input irrespective of several levels and phases. As the wind speed changes, the Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator (PMSG) voltage and frequency changes, but for practical applications, these changes should not be allowed; hence, a voltage controller is used that maintains the output voltage of a DC converter, andthus a constant AC output is obtained. The DClink voltage is maintained at the desired voltage by a Proportional plus Integral (PI)-based voltage controller. The DC link voltage fed to the multilevel inverter (MLI) is converted to AC to feed the load. The MLI is controlled with a new Selected Harmonic Elimination (SHE), which decreases the total harmonic distortion (THD). The system is simulated with an Resistive plus Inductive (RL) load and is tested experimentally with the same load;the results prove that the Cuk converter has a better efficiency compared to the Buck-Boost converter, and the system has less THD when compared with the conventional SHE Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) technique.

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Ram, Prakash Ponraj, Ganeshprabhu Devadharshini, Balaji Haripriya, Ganesan Hemadharshini, and Dhanabalan Keerthana. "Modified Multi Input Multilevel DC-DC Boost Converter for Hybrid Energy Systems." International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology (IJEAT) 9, no. 4 (2020): 1067–72. https://doi.org/10.35940/ijeat.D7854.049420.

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DC-DC converters are playing an important role in designing of Electric Vehicles, integration of solar cells and other DC applications. Contemporary high power applications use multilevel converters that have multi stage outputs for integrating low voltage sources. Conventional DC-DC converters use single source and have complex structure while using for Hybrid Energy Systems. This paper proposes a multi-input, multi-output DC-DC converter to produce constant output voltage at different input voltage conditions. This topology is best suitable for hybrid power systems where the output voltage is variable due to environmental conditions. It reduces the requirement of magnetic components in the circuit and also reduces the switching losses. The proposed topology has two parts namely multi-input boost converter and level-balancing circuit. Boost converter increases the input voltage and Level Balancing Circuit produce Multi output. Equal values of capacitors are used in Level Balancing Circuit to ensure the constant output voltage at all output stages. The operating modes of each part are given and the design parameters of each part are calculated. Performance of the proposed topology is verified using MATLAB/Simulink simulation which shows the correctness of the analytical approach. Hardware is also presented to evaluate the simulation results.

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P, Ananiya, Pazhanimurugan R, Kalpana K, and Nivedha M. "PV Based Single Stage Cascaded Seven Level Modular Multilevel Converter with ZSV Control for Grid Interfaced System." Indian Journal of Science and Technology 17, no. 39 (2024): 4073–83. https://doi.org/10.17485/IJST/v17i39.1975.

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Abstract Objectives: Climatic perturbation and environmental factors affect solar power generation. When these solar panels are connected to the grid it causes power quality issues such as voltage harmonics, voltage distortion, etc. These problems are addressed in this paper using a distributed MPPT algorithm. Methods: Multilevel inverters have made remarkable contributions to renewable energy, high voltage, and other high-power applications. Hence, a single-stage Cascaded Seven-Level Modular Multilevel Converter (CSLMMC) is used to address the issues. Zero Sequence Voltage (ZSV) control is proposed for producing balanced power during varying irradiance conditions. The proposed method is simulated using MATLAB SIMULINK software. Partial shading is conquered by using distributed MPPT. Findings: The simulation of the proposed system is performed for a three-phase system. The three-phase Cascaded Modular Multilevel Converter is connected to the grid through two loads which are controlled by a Zero Sequence Voltage Controller. Power quality parameters such as current, harmonics, and power are analyzed for the proposed system. Novelty: THD analysis for a five-level cascaded H bridge converter and the proposed systems are compared and presented. Keywords: Photo voltaic, Cascaded seven-level modular multilevel converter, Zero sequence control, Maximum power point tracking, Voltage Source Converter

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Rajakumar, P., and R. Saravanakumar. "Design of Fuzzy Logic Controller for DSTATCOM." Advanced Materials Research 905 (April 2014): 401–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.905.401.

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DSTATCOM is used for recompense of reactive power and disturb caused by different loads in distribution system.To develop a DSTATCOM with battery energy source system and control of energy flow among the system components. Multilevel inverter is used in DSTATCOM for mitigating voltage sag at the load side. Hybrid multilevel inverter with fuzzy logic and minimised switches is presented. Voltage sags are generated by faults in the distribution feeder, with the three-phase 7-level hybrid multi level inverter for mitigating the voltage disturbances. Seven level hybrid inverter which is used for low energy PV source and high power grid connected applications by applying VMC converter. DCDC converters based on the tri-state switching unit and voltage multiplier cells. VMC converter having ability to maintain current and voltage of input source and it gets maximum level for grid applications. Improving the efficiency, by harmonic reduction in the power system and fast load compensation achieved by the combination of voltage multiplier cells and seven level multilevel inverter circuits with fuzzy control techniques. Then, computer simulation by means of the programMatlab/Simulink preliminarily verifies the usefulness of the proposed device.

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Rodriguez, JosÉ, Steffen Bernet, Bin Wu, Jorge O. Pontt, and Samir Kouro. "Multilevel Voltage-Source-Converter Topologies for Industrial Medium-Voltage Drives." IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics 54, no. 6 (2007): 2930–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tie.2007.907044.

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Ismail, Ali Ahmed Adam, and A. Elnady. "Design and implementation of multilevel non-isolated DC-DC converter for variable DC voltage source." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 12, no. 2 (2021): 994. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v12.i2.pp994-1005.

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In this paper, a non-isolated multi-level DC-DC (MLDC-DC) smooth buck converter with the LC filter is designed and analyzed. The presented topology can be used in low or medium voltage levels in several applications that use DC storage elements. The use of the proposed multilevel converter topology reduces the voltage stress across the power converter switching elements and facilitates the voltage rating of the switches. The designed LC filter for the multilevel converter is characterized by a small inductor size, which reduces the traditional bulky inductor used in the output of the traditional DC-DC converter. The reduction in the filter size is proportional to the number of the connected voltage sources, it works effectively to reduce ripple in the load currents, and it increases the voltage gain. The intensive analysis of the converter system and the experimental results show a stable operation of the proposed converter with precise output voltage.

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Ananiya, P., R. Pazhanimurugan, K. Kalpana, and M. Nivedha. "PV Based Single Stage Cascaded Seven Level Modular Multilevel Converter with ZSV Control for Grid Interfaced System." Indian Journal Of Science And Technology 17, no. 39 (2024): 4073–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.17485/ijst/v17i39.1975.

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Objectives: Climatic perturbation and environmental factors affect solar power generation. When these solar panels are connected to the grid it causes power quality issues such as voltage harmonics, voltage distortion, etc. These problems are addressed in this paper using a distributed MPPT algorithm. Methods: Multilevel inverters have made remarkable contributions to renewable energy, high voltage, and other high-power applications. Hence, a single-stage Cascaded Seven-Level Modular Multilevel Converter (CSLMMC) is used to address the issues. Zero Sequence Voltage (ZSV) control is proposed for producing balanced power during varying irradiance conditions. The proposed method is simulated using MATLAB SIMULINK software. Partial shading is conquered by using distributed MPPT. Findings: The simulation of the proposed system is performed for a three-phase system. The three-phase Cascaded Modular Multilevel Converter is connected to the grid through two loads which are controlled by a Zero Sequence Voltage Controller. Power quality parameters such as current, harmonics, and power are analyzed for the proposed system. Novelty: THD analysis for a five-level cascaded H bridge converter and the proposed systems are compared and presented. Keywords: Photo voltaic, Cascaded seven-level modular multilevel converter, Zero sequence control, Maximum power point tracking, Voltage Source Converter

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Priya, E. Catherine Amala, and G. T. Sundar Rajan. "An improved model of hybrid multi converter used for grid connected applications." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 10, no. 2 (2019): 860. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v10.i2.pp860-867.

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A Hybrid multi converter topology is proposed in this paper, which supplies simultaneous voltage’s for various levels from Renewable energy source. The proposed topology is realized by replacing Multi cuk- buck converter topology. The resultant hybrid multi converter requires less number of switches to operate, as well as various output voltages of different levels without interruption with increased stability. This type of hybrid multi converter with high reliability and high stability are well implemented for loads utilizing various levels of DC voltage. Converter, proposed in this paper is called Hybrid Multi converter topology (HMCT). A study is made on the steady state of the HMCT and a comparative study has been made with the conventional designs. A PI controller based feedback controller is designed to stabilize the various output voltages. A simulated model for the proposed HMCT is used to simulate various output voltages of dissimilar values from mono DC- input. The performance of the converter is demonstrated using simulation model. The proposed design can be protracted to voltage source inverter, multilevel inverter to produce AC output.

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Jasim, Ali Abdulrazzak. "Simulation and Study of Multilevel Inverter System Fed By Photovoltaic Source." Journal of University of Babylon for Engineering Sciences 26, no. 2 (2018): 302–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.29196/jub.v26i2.500.

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This paper proposes a simulation of Photovoltaic energy used to supply an induction motor with acomparison of two types of inverters.In general, the greater number of motorswhich"are used incommercial and industrial applicationsare"induction motors. To use PV source to run the induction motor, an interface circuits are used which are a dc-dc"converter and an inverter, the PV cell has nonlinear behavior,"adc-dc converter is used along with Maximum Power Point Tracker controllerto improve theefficiency by boosting the output voltage of the PV module and to match the load demand."The dc output voltage of PV modulethen"converted to AC, two types of inverter are presented, A conventional Voltage Source Inverter system and multilevel inverter system which employselective harmonic eliminationmethod fed three phase induction motor, these two types of inverters are simulated using Matlab/Simulink and their results are presented. The FFT spectrum is presented of the output currents to analyze the harmonics reduction, which shows that the"multilevel inverter is better than VSI system"according to harmonics reduction and increment in output voltage and power.

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N., Gayathri, Ohm Vignesh V., and Latha Mercy E. "Pulse Width Modulation Based Multilevel Boost Converter for Photovoltaic System." Recent Trends in Control and Converter 4, no. 1 (2021): 1–8. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4766939.

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The DC-DC Multilevel Boost Converter (MLBC) is derived from the conventional boost converter by adding 2N-1 capacitors, 2N-1 diodes, with one switch and one inductor to obtain N levels of output voltage. The proposed topology is a Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) based converter. The structure of the circuit is a multi-modular to convert low input dc voltage to high output dc voltage. In this research, the solar panel is used as source to the MLBC (3-level). The proposed three level converter consists of an inductor, a switch, five capacitors and five diodes. The solar panel fed multilevel boost converter is designed and simulated using MATLAB / SIMULINK. Perturb & Observe (P&O) MPPT algorithm is used to extract the maximum power from PV panel. This converter gives various level of output voltages. The performance of the converter under different duty cycle, different irradiance and different temperature was studied.

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Shouvik, Mondal, Manna Nayan, and Ganguly Ayandeep. "Simulation and Analysis of Three Phase 7-level Hybrid Switched Capacitor Unit Based Multi-level Inverter." International Journal of HIT Transaction on ECCN Vol. 7, no. 2A (2021) (2021): 72–80. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5893209.

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Haldia Institute of Technology,Haldia, W.B., India Numerous industrial applications have begun to require higher power apparatus in recent years. Some medium voltage motor drives and utility applications require medium voltage and megawatt power level. For a medium voltage grid, it is troublesome to connect only one power semiconductor switch directly. As a result, a multilevel power converter structure has been introduced as an alternative in high power and medium voltage situations. A multilevel converter not only achieves high power ratings, but also enables the use of renewable energy sources. Renewable energy sources such as photovoltaic, wind, and fuel cells can be easily interfaced to a multilevel converter system for a high power application. In this transaction a three phase 7 level hybrid switched capacitor unit based multilevel inverter topology is proposed. The inverter consists of three switched capacitor unit and a three phase two level voltage source inverter. In this proposed topology higher level of line voltage using less number of switches can be achieved. Thus switching loss will be lesser and efficiency will be higher. The said topology is simulated in MATLAB/SIMULINK using multi carrier based pulse width modulation and obtained the desired result.

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Barcellona, Simone, Marzio Barresi, and Luigi Piegari. "MMC-Based PV Single-Phase System with Distributed MPPT." Energies 13, no. 15 (2020): 3964. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13153964.

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The presence and evolution of static power converters in electric grids are growing on a daily basis. Starting from the most used voltage source converter (VSC), passing through the use of multilevel converters, the most recent configuration is the so-called modular multilevel converter (MMC). Because of its intrinsic advantages, it is used not only in high-voltage systems but also in low- and medium-voltage ones to interface renewable energy sources such as photovoltaic (PV) panels. Several configurations and maximum power point tracker (MPPT) algorithms have been proposed and analyzed for MMC-PV-based systems. However, when using distributed MPPTs, partial shading conditions cause a problem. The PV panel can be directly connected to the MMC using its dc link or submodule. Based on this configuration, this paper proposes a novel control strategy that tracks both the ac grid current and ac circulating current for a single-phase low-voltage system to obtain the maximum power under any irradiance condition. The effectiveness of the proposed control strategy is demonstrated through time-domain simulation results.

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Al-Shamma’a, Abdullrahman, Abdullah Noman, Khaled Addoweesh, Ayman Alabduljabbar, and A. Alolah. "Multilevel Converter by Cascading Two-Level Three-Phase Voltage Source Converter." Energies 11, no. 4 (2018): 843. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en11040843.

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Rao, S. Nagaraja, D. V. Ashok Kumar, and Ch Sai Babu. "Integration of Reversing Voltage Multilevel Inverter Topology with High Voltage Gain boost Converter for Distributed Generation." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 9, no. 1 (2018): 210. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v9.i1.pp210-219.

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<table width="0" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"><tbody><tr><td valign="top" width="593">The conventional energy sources available to us are on the verge of depletion. This depletion of conventional energy source leads to concentrate more on alternative energy sources. In this research, the focus is on the role of renewable energy sources (RES) in electrical power generation. Even though, the RES based plants produce power, we cannot directly connect it to the grid or loads. Because, the voltage ratings and nature supply of RES plants would not match with the load. Hence, this is a major issue for connecting RES plants to load or other utility. The power electronic converters are extensively being used as a link between load and supply. As most of the renewable energy power generation is DC in nature, the DC-DC converter is used to increase the voltage level and this DC must be converted to AC for grid connection. Therefore, inverters are used for DC to AC conversion. In this paper, the DC supply of renewable energy is connected to load by using cascade DC-DC converters along with a proposed reversing voltage (RV) multilevel inverter (MLI). The first DC-DC converter is used to enhance the voltage level with high gain and second converter is used to split the DC supply for inverter convenience. In this paper, proposed RV symmetrical and asymmetrical MLI generates 7, 9, 11, 13 and 15 levels with only ten power switches. In-phase level-shifted triangular carrier type sine pulse width modulation (PWM) technique is employed to trigger the commutating switches of proposed RV MLI. Switches of H-Bridge for reverse voltage appearance across the load are triggered by simple pulse generator. The circuits are modeled and simulated in MATLAB/SIMULINK software. Results are presented and discussed.</td></tr></tbody></table>

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V., Meera. "SURVEY ON DISTRIBUTED GENERATION BASED DIFFERENT MULTILEVEL DC-AC POWER INVERTER FOR HARMONIC REDUCTION." International Journal of Advanced Trends in Engineering and Technology 1, no. 2 (2017): 89–92. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.375627.

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Multilevel inverter has been under research and development for more than three decades and has found successful industrial application. Also, it has become the enabling power conversion technology for high voltage and high power applications in present power systems and large electric motor drives. The propagated energy source consists of solar cells, wind turbines, micro-turbines (natural gas), fuel cells and storage batteries and also connected to the low voltage distribution network through power electronics converters. Here, the fast response and autonomous control, the use of a multilevel converter to control the voltage and frequency output from renewable energy sources will provide significant advantages. It can be also control the real and reactive power flow from a utility connected renewable energy source. There are various control strategy used offer the possibility to inject electrical energy from the different renewable sources and on the other hand to reduce the harmonic distortion for AC load applications. The multilevel inverter is used to provide the improvement of performance including such as harmonic compensation, power factor correction, THD (total harmonic distortion), voltage and current balancing.

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Yang, Jie, Zhiyuan He, Guangfu Tang, and Hui Pang. "DC Voltage Compensation Strategy for Parallel Hybrid Multilevel Voltage-Source Converter." IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery 31, no. 2 (2016): 465–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tpwrd.2015.2435796.

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E., Catherine Amala Priya, and T. SundarRajan G. "An improved model of hybrid multi converter used for grid connected application." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive System (IJPEDS) 10, no. 2 (2019): 860–67. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v10.i2.pp860-867.

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A hybrid multi converter topology is proposed in this paper, which supplies simultaneous voltage’s for various levels from Renewable energy source. The proposed topology is realized by replacing Multi cuk- buck converter topology. The resultant hybrid multi converter requires less number of switches to operate, as well as various output voltages of different levels without interruption with increased stability. This type of hybrid multi converter with high reliability and high stability are well implemented for loads utilizing various levels of DC voltage. Converter, proposed in this paper is called Hybrid Multi converter topology (HMCT). A study is made on the steady state of the HMCT and a comparative study has been made with the conventional designs. A PI controller based feedback controller is designed to stabilize the various output voltages. A simulated model for the proposed HMCT is used to simulate various output voltages of dissimilar values from mono DC- input. The performance of the converter is demonstrated using simulation model. The proposed design can be protracted to voltage source inverter, multilevel inverter to produce AC output.

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Kumar, K. Sheshu, V. Bharath, and Shankar B. "Multilevel Inverter Based on Resonant Switched Capacitor Converter." International Journal of Advance Research and Innovation 2, no. 1 (2014): 46–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.51976/ijari.211407.

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Multilevel inverters are mainly used in high power and medium voltage applications to reduce the required voltage rating of the power semiconductor switching devices. On the other hands, these multilevel inverters are attractive for various applications regardless of the power ratings because they can essentially realize lower harmonics with lower switching frequency and lower electromagnetic interference (EMI). In this context, the multilevel inverters with larger number of levels suitable for circuit integration are actively investigated. Diode -clamped multilevel inverters are regarded as the promising solution. In the diode-clamped multilevel inverters whose number of the levels exceeds three, voltage balancing circuits for the DC capacitors to maintain the proper voltage are indispensable. The authors have been investigated the application of a circuit topology of the voltage balancing circuits so called Resonant Switched Capacitor Converters (RSCC). In the present paper, the utilization of the voltage boost function of RSCC to enhance the allowable range of the input voltage of the inverter is investigated. The voltage boost function is useful in the applications in which the DC source voltage is limited such as batteries and fuel cells. From the computer simulation and the experimental results, the usefulness and the operating characteristics of the voltage boost operation have been demonstrated.

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A Divya Teja and Dr. N Sambasiva Rao. "Analysis of Three Phase 3-Level NPC Voltage Source Converter for AC-DC Conversion." International Journal for Modern Trends in Science and Technology 06, no. 09 (2020): 144–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.46501/ijmtst060922.

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The use of power electronic converters influences the generation of harmonics and reactive power flow in power system. Therefore, three-phase multilevel improved power quality AC-DC converters are gaining lot of popularity in power conversion applications. This work deals with critical problem of multilevel structure i.e neutral point potential (NPP) variation. In this paper, a simplified current controlled scheme is presented to ensure unity power factor operation. Neutral point potential (NPP) of three-phase, 3-level NPC AC-DC converter is controlled by modifying control signal in the controller using NPP regulator. An auxiliary circuit is being presented in this paper as an alternative option for controlling the neutral point potential of the converter. Comparison has been carried out between these control techniques in terms of power quality. A complete mathematical model is presented for better understanding of both techniques used for NPP control. The presented control techniques has been verified through simulation investigations and validated

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Islam, Md Tariqul, Md Ahsanul Alam, Molla Shahadat Hossain Lipu, et al. "A Single DC Source Five-Level Switched Capacitor Inverter for Grid-Integrated Solar Photovoltaic System: Modeling and Performance Investigation." Sustainability 15, no. 10 (2023): 8405. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15108405.

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Boost converters and multilevel inverters (MLI) are frequently included in low-voltage solar photovoltaic (PV) systems for grid integration. However, the use of an inductor-based boost converter makes the system bulky and increases control complexity. Therefore, the switched-capacitor-based MLI emerges as an efficient DC/AC voltage convertor with boosting capability. To make classical topologies more efficient and cost-effective for sustainable power generation, newer topologies and control techniques are continually evolving. This paper proposes a reduced-component-count five-level inverter design for generating stable AC voltages for sustainable grid-integrated solar photovoltaic applications. The proposed topology uses seven switching devices of lower total standing voltage (TSV), three diodes, and two DC-link capacitors to generate five-level outputs. By charging and discharging cycles, the DC capacitor voltages are automatically balanced. Thus, no additional sensors or control circuitry is required. It has inherent voltage-boosting capability without any input boost converter. A low-frequency-based half-height (HH) modulation technique is employed in the standalone system for better voltage quality. Extensive simulations are performed in a MATLAB/Simulink environment to estimate the performance of the proposed topology, and 17.58% THDs are obtained in the phase voltages. Using a small inductor in series or an inductive load, the current THD reduces to 8.23%. Better dynamic performance is also observed with different loading conditions. A miniature five-level single-phase laboratory prototype is developed to verify the accuracy of the simulation results and the viability of the proposed topology.

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S, Chellam, Kuruseelan S, and Jasmine Gnanamalar A. "Wind Energy Conversion System using Cascading H-Bridge Multilevel Inverter in High Ripple Scenario." International Journal of Electrical and Electronics Research 12, no. 1 (2024): 178–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.37391/ijeer.120126.

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This paper presents wind energy conversion system using CHB MLI and phase interleaved boost converter to overcome high voltage and current ripple. Developments in power electronics technology have a direct impact on advances in wind energy conversion systems. WECS output voltage may fluctuate depending on wind speed. For WECS to maintain a constant output voltage, a power converter is required. This paper explains how to configure a phase-interleaved boost converter and voltage controller to maintain a stable intermediate circuit voltage in the system. The proposed cascading H-bridge multilevel inverter (CHB MLI) converts DC/AC using a novel topology. Separate DC sources are not utilizing the suggested topology. Multi-level inverters are operated by specific harmonic disposal pulse width modulation, or SHE-PWM are utilized. PMSG voltage, CHB-MLI voltage, boost converter voltage and rotor speed have seven different levels of simulated waveforms. Among the many advantages of three-phase alternating DC-DC boost converters, that are high efficiency, fast dynamics and very low current ripple. The output voltage is increased to 400 V using a three-phase interleaving converter, which also maintains a higher efficiency of about 98%. DC-DC power converters have proven to be essential components of many applications and topologies. The interleaving technique is necessary to address the main disadvantages of DC-DC power converters: increased voltage, reduced efficiency, and rippled current. Interleaved boost converters have several advantages, including lower switching losses, lower voltage and current ripple, increased efficiency, and more. To improve the converter's overall functionality, the "n" parallel converter is connected through an interleaved boost converter. This paper presents a performance analysis of a multiphase alternating boost converter to reduce high voltage and current ripple. MATLAB/Simulink is used for analysis and simulation of phase-interleaved boost converters.

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Quan, Zhongyi, and Yun Wei Li. "Multilevel Voltage-Source Converter Topologies With Internal Parallel Modularity." IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications 56, no. 1 (2020): 378–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tia.2019.2941924.

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Ahmed, Waqar, Shafquat Hussain, Ahmed Muddassir Khan, and Rizwan Ali. "Analysis of Efficient FPGA Based Pid Controller For Dc-Dc Buck Boost Converter Using Hardware Co-Simulation Setup." Sukkur IBA Journal of Emerging Technologies 4, no. 2 (2021): 33–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.30537/sjet.v4i2.722.

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Converters are widely used in smart grid applications where multilevel dc voltage source are required in a system. There are few critical challenges in existing converters such as low efficiency, slow response time, large circuit size due to more number of switches subsequently poor quality of PWM signal. Moreover, a separate converter is required for each source used in the circuit. In this work, we proposed and analyse an efficient FPGA based PID controller using Hardware Co-simulation for DC-DC Buck Boost Converter. We have successfully integrated two different sources of energy which are being fed to the power stage. The control of this converter topology is implemented by using FPGA kits Virtex5 and Virtex7. Furthermore, efficiency of both kits is compared and analysed. The proposed converter has high efficiency, fast response time and compact size due to least number of switches as compared to conventional topology of such converters.

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Barros, João Dionísio Simões, Luis Rocha, and J. Fernando Silva. "Backstepping Control of NPC Multilevel Converter Interfacing AC and DC Microgrids." Energies 16, no. 14 (2023): 5515. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16145515.

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This work introduces modified backstepping methods to design controllers for neutral point clamped (NPC) converters interfacing a DC/AC microgrid. The modified backstepping controllers are derived from a proper converter model, represented in dq coordinates, and are designed to regulate the DC voltage and to balance the two NPC converter DC capacitor voltages through a DC offset in the sinusoidal pulse width modulation (SPWM) carriers. The averaged and separated dynamics backstepping controllers also enforce nearly sinusoidal AC currents at a given power factor. The two proposed NPC converter controllers are evaluated through MATLAB/Simulink simulations and experimental implementation using a laboratory prototype. Simulations and experimental results show that the two modified backstepping controllers regulate the microgrid DC voltage in steady state and in transient operation, even with load disturbances or DC voltage reference changes, while enforcing nearly AC sinusoidal currents at a given power factor or injected reactive power. The modified backstepping-controlled NPC converter is bidirectional, converting energy from DC renewable energy sources or storage systems to AC or charging storage systems from AC. The results also highlight the effective balancing of the NPC DC capacitor voltages.

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Radouane, Majdoul, Touati Abelwahed, Ouchatti Abderrahmane, Taouni Abderrahim, and Abdelmounim Elhassane. "A nine-switch nine-level converter new topology with optimal modulation control." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive System (IJPEDS) 12, no. 2 (2021): 932–42. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v12.i2.pp932-942.

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Multilevel power converters are becoming increasingly used in several sectors: energy, grid-tie renewable energy systems, High voltage direct current (HVDC) power transmission, and a multitude of industrial applications. However, the multilevel converters consist of several drives and a high number of power switches, which leads to a considerable cost and an increased size of the device. Thus, a novel topology of a multilevel bidirectional inverter using a reduced number of semiconductor power components is proposed in this paper. Without any diode clamped or flying capacitor, only nine switches are used to generate nine voltage levels in this new topology. The proposed multilevel converter is compared with the conventional structures in terms of cost, the number of active power switches, clamped diodes, flying capacitors, DC floating capacitors, and the number of DC voltage sources. This comparative analysis shows that the proposed topology is suitable for many applications. For optimum control of this multilevel voltage inverter and to reduce switching losses in power semiconductors, a hybrid modulation technique based on fundamental frequency modulation and multi-carrier-based sinusoidal pulse-width modulation schemes is performed. The effectiveness of the proposed multilevel power converter is verified by simulation results.

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Chang, Fei, Zhongping Yang, Yi Wang, Fei Lin, and Shihui Liu. "Fault Characteristics and Control Strategies of Multiterminal High Voltage Direct Current Transmission Based on Modular Multilevel Converter." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2015 (2015): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/502372.

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The modular multilevel converter (MMC) is an emerging voltage source converter topology suitable for multiterminal high voltage direct current transmission based on modular multilevel converter (MMC-MTDC). This paper presents fault characteristics of MMC-MTDC including submodule fault, DC line fault, and fault ride-through of wind farm integration. Meanwhile, the corresponding protection strategies are proposed. The correctness and effectiveness of the control strategies are verified by establishing a three-terminal MMC-MTDC system under the PSCAD/EMTDC electromagnetic transient simulation environment.

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V., Vasudevan, and Balaji K. "Performance of Cuk-KY Converter Fed Multilevel Inverter for Hybrid Sources." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 10, no. 2 (2018): 436–45. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v10.i2.pp436-445.

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Distributed energy source based electricity generation is an essential factor for the economic growth and development of a country. The photovoltaic, fuel cell and battery based power generation offer a high voltage gain. The DC-DC CUK converter based on both buck and boost mode of operation is proposed for high gain dc link voltage. The hybrid CUK –KY Converter based multilevel inverter is designed and implemented. Here, the main advantages of hybrid boost mode operation of Cuk converter, step up configuration is used which will result in improve conversion voltage ratio and better damping of oscillations. The DC-DC converter voltage has regulated by the maximum power point tracking and PI control based method is used. The cascaded multilevel inverter in hybrid renewable energy production integrating with switched capacitor method is designed. The proposed converter is designed and implemented in MATLAB/SIMULINK environment.

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Majdoul, Radouane, Abelwahed Touati, Abderrahmane Ouchatti, Abderrahim Taouni, and Elhassane Abdelmounim. "Improved 25-level inverter topology with reduced part count for PV grid-tie applications." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 12, no. 3 (2021): 1687. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v12.i3.pp1687-1698.

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A new bidirectional multilevel inverter topology with a high number of voltage levels with a very reduced number of power components is proposed in this paper. Only TEN power switches and four asymmetric DC voltage sources are used to generate 25 voltage levels in this new topology. The proposed multilevel converter is more suitable for e-mobility and photovoltaic applications where the overall energy source can be composed of a few units/associations of several basic source modules. Several benefits are provided by this new topology: Highly sinusoidal current and voltage waveforms, low Total Harmonic Distortion, very low switching losses, and minimum cost and size of the device. For optimum control of this 25-level voltage inverter, a special Modified Hybrid Modulation technique is performed. The proposed 25-level inverter is compared to various topologies published recently in terms of cost, the number of active power switches, clamped diodes, flying capacitors, DC floating capacitors, and the number of DC voltage sources. This comparison clearly shows that the proposed topology is cost-effective, compact, and very efficient. The effectiveness and the good performance of the proposed multilevel power converter (with and without PWM control) are verified and checked by computational simulations.

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Radouane, Majdoul, Touati Abelwahed, Ouchatti Abderrahmane, Taouni Abderrahim, and Abdelmounim Elhassane. "Improved 25-level inverter topology with reduced part count for PV grid-tie applications." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 12, no. 3 (2021): 1687–98. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v12.i3.pp1687-1698.

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A new bidirectional multilevel inverter topology with a high number of voltage levels with a very reduced number of power components is proposed in this paper. Only TEN power switches and four asymmetric DC voltage sources are used to generate 25 voltage levels in this new topology. The proposed multilevel converter is more suitable for e-mobility and photovoltaic applications where the overall energy source can be composed of a few units/associations of several basic source modules. Several benefits are provided by this new topology: Highly sinusoidal current and voltage waveforms, low total harmonic distortion, very low switching losses, and minimum cost and size of the device. For optimum control of this 25-level voltage inverter, a special Modified Hybrid Modulation technique is performed. The proposed 25-level inverter is compared to various topologies published recently in terms of cost, the number of active power switches, clamped diodes, flying capacitors, DC floating capacitors, and the number of DC voltage sources. This comparison clearly shows that the proposed topology is cost-effective, compact, and very efficient. The effectiveness and the good performance of the proposed multilevel power converter (with and without PWM control) are verified and checked by computational simulations.

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Yahiaoui, Abdelhalim, Koussaila Iffouzar, Kaci Ghedamsi, and Kamal Himour. "Dynamic Performance Analysis of VSC-HVDC Based Modular Multilevel Converter under Fault." Journal Européen des Systèmes Automatisés 54, no. 1 (2021): 187–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/jesa.540121.

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The use of high voltage direct current based voltage source converter (VSC-HVDC) in power transmission systems knows a great progress in recent years. Above all, with the new generation of power electronics converters such as the modular multi-level converter (MMC), with his scalable structure it can theoretically meet any voltage level requirement, which allows to increase the size of the power transferred compared to conventional converters. In this sense, this paper presents a study of a VSC-HVDC system based on a modular multi-level converter (MMC). The main objective of this work is to analyze the performance of the VSC-HVDC system based MMC without the AC filters and its control in the event of a fault, during set point changes and unbalanced grid conditions. After realization a mathematical model of the system studied and its control, simulations are done over in Simpower System/Matlab. The results obtained confirm the robustness of the system control and the system gives a good energy quality, that manifests by a good output currant and voltage curves with no need to use a voluminous AC filter.

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PRATS, M. ÁNGELES MARTÍN, JOSE IGNACIO LEÓN GALVÁN, RAMÓN PORTILLO GUISADO, JUAN MANUEL CARRASCO SOLÍS, and LEOPOLDO GARCÍA FRANQUELO. "A NOVEL SPACE-VECTOR ALGORITHM FOR MULTILEVEL CONVERTERS BASED ON GEOMETRICAL CONSIDERATIONS USING A NEW SEQUENCE CONTROL TECHNIQUE." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 13, no. 04 (2004): 845–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126604001647.

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This paper presents a fast and simple space vector modulation algorithm for voltage source multilevel converters for calculating the switching times and the space vectors using simple geometrical considerations. This method provides the nearest switching vectors sequence to the reference vector and calculates the on-state durations of the respective switching state vectors without involving trigonometric functions, look-up tables or coordinate system transformations which increase the computational load corresponding to the modulation of a multilevel converter. The low computational cost of the proposed method is always the same and it is independent of the number of levels of the converter. In addition, a new switching sequence control technique is presented for reducing the ripple of the DC-link voltage approximately in 66%.

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Design, and analysis of a. novel quasi Z. source based asymmetric multilevel inverter for PV applications, and A. Babu C. "Design and analysis of a novel quasi Z source based asymmetric multilevel inverter for PV applications." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive System (IJPEDS) 11, no. 3 (2020): 1368–78. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v11.i3.pp1368-1378.

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A novel Quasi Z source (QZS) based Asymmetric Multilevel Inverter for Photovoltaic application is proposed in this paper. It consists of an Impedance source-based dc-dc converter and Asymmetric Multilevel Inverter (AMLI). QZS network can buck/boost the input DC voltage eliminating separate DC-DC boost converter. MLI topology with reduced switches and DC input provide high quality output with large levels. DC input magnitude of the inverter is based on an algorithm. The system ensures high voltage gain, low switching stress, lessened gate circuitry, high reliability and better harmonic profile. Low THD values ensures reduced filter size and hence cost. The theoretical concepts and parameter design of the proposed topology is illustrated in detail. The performance analysis is verified using Matlab/Simulink environment.

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Toh, Chuen Ling, and P. C. Ooi. "Design a nine-level modular multilevel converter for DC railway electrification system." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 11, no. 1 (2020): 151. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v11.i1.pp151-159.

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A recuperating converter is highly demanded in traction power substation to deliver the braking energy generated by a traction vehicle. Conventional voltage source inverter had been implemented in the traction power station. However, large ac line filters must be installed to improve the quality of ac voltages and currents. This paper proposes to install a nine-level Modular Multilevel Converter (MMC) as a recuperating converter. The main aim is to eliminate the need of ac line filters while producing good quality of ac voltage and current waveforms. The MMC is designed and modelled using MATLAB/Simulink Simulation tool. A centralized control of balancing all the sub-module capacitor voltage level is proposed with Third Harmonic Voltage Injection Level Shifted Pulse Width Modulation (THVI-LSPWM) technique. The simulation results prove that with the application of MMC, good quality of ac voltages and currents are being produced. The Total Harmonic Distortion indexes are found less than 3.5 % without using any ac line filters in the system. In addition, the classic DC link capacitance has also being eliminated.

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C., L. Toh, and C. Ooi P. "Design a nine-level modular multilevel converter for DC railway electrification system." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive System (IJPEDS) 11, no. 1 (2020): 151–59. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v11.i1.151-159.

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A recuperating converter is highly demanded in traction power substation to deliver the braking energy generated by a traction vehicle. Conventional voltage source inverter had been implemented in the traction power station. However, large AC line filters must be installed to improve the quality of AC voltages and currents. This paper proposes to install a nine-level Modular Multilevel Converter (MMC) as a recuperating converter. The main aim is to eliminate the need of AC line filters while producing good quality of AC voltage and current waveforms. The MMC is designed and modelled using MATLAB/Simulink Simulation tool. A centralized control of balancing all the sub-module capacitor voltage level is proposed with Third Harmonic Voltage Injection Level Shifted Pulse Width Modulation (THVI-LSPWM) technique. The simulation results prove that with the application of MMC, good quality of ac voltages and currents are being produced. The Total Harmonic Distortion indexes are found less than 3.5 % without using any AC line filters in the system. In addition, the classic DC link capacitance has also being eliminated.

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Vasudevan, V., and K. Balaji. "Performance of Cuk-KY Converter Fed Multilevel Inverter for Hybrid Sources." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 10, no. 2 (2018): 436. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v10.i2.pp436-445.

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Distributed energy source based electricity generation is an essential factor for the economic growth and development of a country. The photovoltaic, fuel cell and battery based power generation offer a high voltage gain. The DC-DC CUK converter based on both buck and boost mode of operation is proposed for high gain dc link voltage. The hybrid CUK –KY Converter based multilevel inverter is designed and implemented. Here, the main advantages of hybrid boost mode operation of Cuk converter, step up configuration is used which will result in improve conversion voltage ratio and better damping of oscillations. The DC-DC converter voltage has regulated by the maximum power point tracking and PI control based method is used. The cascaded multilevel inverter in hybrid renewable energy production integrating with switched capacitor method is designed. The proposed converter is designed and implemented in MATLAB/SIMULINK environment.

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Agelidis, Vassilios G., and Christos Mademlis. "Technology of Offshore Wind Turbines and Farms and Novel Multilevel Converter-Based HVDC Systems for Their Grid Connections." Wind Engineering 26, no. 6 (2002): 383–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1260/030952402765173376.

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The technology associated with offshore wind farms is discussed in detail. First, the various offshore wind turbines are reviewed and the factors influencing their characteristics are outlined in comparison with their onshore counterparts. This overview serves as a basis for the discussion that follows regarding the possible electrical connection within the farm, and between the farm and the grid. Voltage-source converter-based HV DC connection is compared with HVAC connection. Finally, a novel multilevel converter-based HVDC system, based on flying capacitor multilevel converters is proposed, as a possible interface between the farm and the grid.

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Bouchafaa, Farid, Mohamed Seghir Boucherit, and El Madjid Berkouk. "Feedback Loop Control Strategies of the Multi Dc Bus Link Voltages Using Adaptive Fuzzy Logic Control." Journal of Electrical Engineering 64, no. 3 (2013): 143–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jee-2013-0021.

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Voltage source multilevel inverters have become very attractive for power industries in power electronics applications during last years. The main purposes that have led to the development of the studies about multilevel inverters are the generation of output voltage signals with low harmonic distortion; the reduction of switching frequency. A serious constraint in a multilevel inverter is the capacitor voltage-balancing problem. The unbalance of different DC voltage sources of five-level neutral point clamping (NPC) voltage source inverter (VSI) constitutes the major limitation for the use of this new power converter. In order to stabilize these DC voltages, we propose in this paper to study the cascade constituted by three phases five-level PWM rectifier, a clamping bridge and five-level NPC (VSI). In the first part, we present a topology of five-level NPC VSI, and then they propose a model of this converter and an optimal PWM strategy to control it using four bipolar carriers. Then in the second part, we study a five-level PWM rectifier, which is controlled by a multiband hysteresis strategy. In the last part of this paper, the authors study shows particularly the problem of the stability of the multi DC voltages of the inverter and its consequence on the performances of the induction motors (IM). Then, we propose a solution to the problem by employed closed loop regulation using PI regulator type fuzzy logic controller (FLC). The results obtained with this solution confirm the good performances of the proposed solution, and promise to use the inverter in high voltage and great power applications as electrical traction.

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Babaei, Ebrahim, Mohammad Shadnam Zarbil, and Mehran Sabahi. "A New Structure of Quasi Z-Source-Based Cascaded Multilevel Inverter." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 26, no. 12 (2017): 1750203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126617502036.

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In this paper, a new topology for cascaded multilevel inverters based on quasi Z-source converter is proposed. In the proposed topology, the magnitude of output voltage is not limited to dc voltage source, while the magnitude of output voltage of conventional cascaded multilevel inverters is limited to dc voltage source. In the proposed topology, the magnitude of output voltage can be increased by controlling the duty cycle of shoot-through (ST) state, transformer turn ratio, and the number of switched inductors in the Z-source network. As a result, there is no need for extra dc–dc converter. In the proposed topology, the total harmonic distortion (THD) is decreased in comparison with the conventional Z-source inverters. The proposed topology directly delivers power from a power source to load. In addition, in the proposed basic unit, higher voltage gain is achieved in higher modulation index which is an advantage for the proposed base unit. The performance of the proposed topology is verified by the experimental results of five-level single-phase inverter.

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Mustafa, Safwan, Adil Sarwar, Mohd Tariq, Shafiq Ahmad, and Haitham A. Mahmoud. "Development and Control of a Switched Capacitor Multilevel Inverter." Energies 16, no. 11 (2023): 4269. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16114269.

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This article offers a novel boost inverter construction with a Nine-level quadruple voltage boosting waveform. The primary drawback of conventional MLI is the need for a high voltage DC-DC converter to increase the voltage when using renewable energy sources. Consequently, the developed method, complete with a quadruple voltage boost ability, can alleviate that shortcoming by automatically increased the incoming voltage. A single DC source, two switching capacitors, and eleven switches are all that are used in the newly presented architecture. The voltage of the capacitor automatically balances. The switched capacitor MLI is distinguished by the fewer parts that are required and the substitution of a capacitor for a DC source. The switching capacitor has to be charged and discharged properly in order to produce the nine-level output voltage waveform. The SPSC unit makes these levels attainable. To achieve voltage boosting, switched capacitors are coupled in parallel and series in the conduction channel. The quality of this proposed topology has been analyzed through different parameters based on the components count, THD, and cost; the resulting efficiency reaches 97.85%. The switching order of the proposed method has been controlled by the Nearest Level Modulation Method (NLC). MATLAB and PLECS software were used to evaluate the constructed Nine-level converter.

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V, Jaikrishna, Subhranhsu Sekhar Dash, Linss T. Alex, and R. Sridhar. "Interleaved Flyback Converter with Embedded Grid Interacting PV Cascaded MLI." International Journal of Applied Power Engineering (IJAPE) 7, no. 3 (2018): 277. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijape.v7.i3.pp277-283.

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The importance of extracting power from renewable energy sources are increasing in the modern world as the power demand is increasing day by day and the non renewable energy sources are getting dried up. Solar power is a domestic source of energy and its availability throughout the year makes it a primary target to solve this crisis. It will never produce any hazardous waste or pollution. But various issues like Power quality problems and Harmonic distortion seep in due to the intermittent nature of PV system. This paper proposes a cascaded H–bridge multilevel inverter for grid connected PV system with a flyback converter. This helps to achieve maximum power point tracking and also provides isolation which will further help to increase system efficiency. The DC–DC flyback converters are cascaded to generate multilevel output voltage. Then this multilevel dc output is given to H bridge inverter to generate multilevel output. A new control algorithm is used in this paper which combines voltage–hold Perturb and observe method and modified PWM algorithm which helps to achieve the best MPPT. The proposed topology is implemented in PSIM. The Simulation and Hardware results reveal that the suggested technique is highly.

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Saifullah, Kakar, M. Ayob S., Saad Arif M., Nordin N.M., Daud Z., and Ayop R. "A new multilevel inverter topology based on switched-capacitor technique." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive System (IJPEDS) 12, no. 1 (2021): 627–36. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v12.i1.pp627-636.

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Abstract:

This paper presents a new multilevel inverter based on the switchedcapacitor technique. The topology aims for renewable energy and fuel cell applications that demand high magnitude output ac voltage. This configuration of the inverter can produce a total of thirteen voltage levels using a single DC source. The topology features voltage boosting with a triple gain of the input voltage source without utilizing a boost DC-DC converter. Furthermore, the voltages of the capacitors are self-balanced at any desired voltage level during each cycle. Therefore, auxiliary circuits are no longer needed. A comparative study of the presented inverter with the classical topologies and recently introduced topologies has been done in power switches, driver circuits, blocking voltage of the switches, and boosting the input voltage. A simple fundamental switching scheme is applied to the proposed topology to validate the viability of the topology

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