Relevant bibliographies by topics / Multiligualism in children – Rwanda – Kigali

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Academic literature on the topic 'Multiligualism in children – Rwanda – Kigali'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 10 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Multiligualism in children – Rwanda – Kigali"

1

Sewpaul, Vishanthie. "Lessons from Rwanda." Journal of Comparative Social Work 2, no. 1 (April 1, 2007): 40–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.31265/jcsw.v2i1.31.

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Before a recent visit to Rwanda, all that the country held for me, as with most people, was the spectre of genocide, war, poverty and starving children. My brief visit to the city of Kigali challenged my widely held assumptions about the country. Kigali was the epicenter of the genocide in Rwanda, where about one million people experienced murderous tyranny within a space of 100 days, that wreaked havoc upon the country and left millions of people with untold losses and emotional scars. Rwanda is, indeed, an amazing example of a country rising from the ashes. My first encounter was on the Air Rwanda flight, where the in-flight magazine warns those entering the country to leave their plastic bags behind; that no person would be allowed to pass through immigration and customs with plastic bags and wrappings. A plastic bag free country is one of Rwanda’s contributions to environmental conservation and saving the earth. And of course in stores, its paper bags all the way!
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Dworkin, Myles, Vizir Nsengimana, Ashley Rosenberg, John Scott, Robert Riviello, Elizabeth Krebs, Christian Umuhoza, et al. "Prehospital epidemiology and management of injured children in Kigali, Rwanda." Emergency Medicine Journal 37, no. 3 (January 30, 2020): 146–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/emermed-2019-208907.

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IntroductionPaediatric injuries are a major cause of mortality and disability worldwide, yet little information exists regarding its epidemiology or prehospital management in low-income and middle-income countries. We aimed to describe the paediatric injuries seen and managed by the prehospital ambulance service, Service d’Aide Medicale d’Urgence (SAMU), in Kigali, Rwanda over more than 3 years.MethodsA retrospective, descriptive analysis was conducted of all injured children managed by SAMU in the prehospital setting between December 2012 and April 2016.ResultsSAMU responded to a total of 636 injured children, 10% of all patients seen. The incidence of paediatric injury in Kigali, Rwanda was 140 injuries per 100 000 children. 65% were male and the average age 13.5 (±5.3). Most patients were between 15 and 19 years old (56%). The most common causes of injuries were road traffic incidents (RTIs) (447, 72%), falls (70, 11%) and assaults (50, 8%). Most RTIs involved pedestrians (251, 56%), while 15% (65) involved a bicycle. Anatomical injuries included trauma to the head (330, 52%), lower limb (280, 44%) and upper limb (179, 28%). Common interventions included provision of pain medications (445, 70%), intravenous fluids (217, 34%) and stabilisation with cervical collar (190, 30%).ConclusionIn Kigali, RTIs were the most frequent cause of injuries to children requiring prehospital response with most RTIs involving pedestrians. Rwanda has recently instituted several programmes to reduce the impact of paediatric injuries especially with regard to RTIs. These include changes in traffic laws and increased road safety initiatives.
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Mukara, Kaitesi Batamuliza, Richard J. Lilford, Debara Lyn Tucci, and Peter Waiswa. "Prevalence of Middle Ear Infections and Associated Risk Factors in Children under 5 Years in Gasabo District of Kigali City, Rwanda." International Journal of Pediatrics 2017 (2017): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/4280583.

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Middle ear infections are common in children, and delay in diagnosis and treatment may result in complications such as delays in speech and language development and deafness. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and care seeking behaviour for middle ear infections in children under five years in Kigali city. We conducted a cross-sectional study among 810 children aged 6–59 months in Gasabo district of Kigali city, Rwanda. The prevalence of middle ear infections was 5.8%, of whom 4% had chronic suppurative otitis media. A child was less likely to develop middle ear infections if they lived in an urban setting (OR = 0.52, 95% CI: 0.285–0.958) but more likely to develop middle ear infections if exposed to household smoke (OR = 2.54, 95% CI: 1.18–5.46). Parents were unlikely to know that their child had an ear infection (OR: 0.15, 95% CI: 0.06–0.34). Middle ear infection remains a public health problem in Rwanda but many parents were not aware of its presence in the affected children. There is a need to raise awareness of parents about ear infection and to promote early care seeking from qualified health workers.
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Gatabazi, Paul, Sileshi Fanta Melesse, and Shaun Ramroop. "Resampled Cox Proportional Hazards Models for Infant Mortality at the Kigali University Teaching Hospital." Open Public Health Journal 12, no. 1 (April 16, 2019): 136–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874944501912010136.

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Introduction: Resampling technique as a way of overcoming instability in Cox Proportional hazard model is used for measuring the risk and related standard error for the infant mortality, given socio-economic and clinical covariates for mother and children at the Kigali University Teaching Hospital in Rwanda. Methods: Bootstrap and jackknife Cox proportional hazards models was applied to N=2117 newborn data collected in 2016 at the Kigali University Teaching Hospital in Rwanda. Results: The unadjusted models revealed significance of the age of female parents, information on previous abortion, gender of a newborn, number of newborns at a time, APGAR, the weight of a newborn and the circumference of the head of a newborn. Conclusion: Statistical analysis supports two major findings: 1) parents under 20 years of age indicate a relatively higher risk of infant death, and 2) abnormality in the newborn's head and weight indicates a relatively higher risk of infant mortality. Recommendations include avoidance of pregnancy until after age 20 and clinically recommended nutrition for the mother during pregnancy to decrease the risk of infant mortality.
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Leroy, Valériane, Joël Ladner, François Nsengumuremyi, François Dabis, Arlette Simonon, and Roger Salamon. "Safety of Haemophilus influenzae conjugate vaccine in children born to HIV-1 infected mothers: Kigali (Rwanda), 1992–1994." Vaccine 14, no. 2 (February 1996): 177–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0264-410x(95)00150-y.

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6

Kantengwa, Odeth. "How Motherhood Triumphs Over Trauma Among Mothers With Children From Genocidal Rape in Rwanda." Journal of Social and Political Psychology 2, no. 1 (August 27, 2014): 417–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.5964/jspp.v2i1.334.

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Rape is a common occurrence during genocide and the presence of children born as a result of rape poses a challenge to post-genocide recovery processes. This paper treats mothers of children born as a result of genocidal rape during the 1994 Genocide against the Tutsi as a separate category of survivors and explores the contribution of a positive embrace of motherhood in their recovery. It is based upon a study that included fourteen women from Kigali city, Karongi District in the Western Province and Huye District in the Southern Province. Qualitative analysis of individual interviews and focus groups provided a means to explore in-depth the perceptions of mothers and the value of motherhood. It was found that mothers of children of rape experienced challenges raising their children, especially in the early stages of parenting. Social stigma related to rape and children born of rape created challenges, as did the lack of psychosocial resources for the women, particularly when faced with disclosing paternity to the children. However, despite these and other difficulties, motherhood played a positive role for many women, often providing a reason to live again after the genocide. These findings show that positive experiences of motherhood can be key to the recovery of survivors of genocidal rape in Rwanda and points to future directions for research and health promotion among populations affected by conflict-related sexual violence.
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Enumah, Samuel, John W. Scott, Rebecca Maine, Eric Uwitonze, Jeanne D’Arc Nyinawankusi, Robert Riviello, Jean Claude Byiringiro, Ignace Kabagema, and Sudha Jayaraman. "Rwanda’s Model Prehospital Emergency Care Service: A Two-year Review of Patient Demographics and Injury Patterns in Kigali." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 31, no. 6 (September 22, 2016): 614–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x16000807.

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AbstractIntroductionInjury is responsible for nearly five million annual deaths worldwide, and nearly 90% of these deaths occur in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Reliable clinical data detailing the epidemiology of injury are necessary for improved care delivery, but they are lacking in these regions.MethodsA retrospective review of the Service d’Aide Medicale Urgente (SAMU; Kigali, Rwanda) prehospital database for patients with traumatic injury-related conditions from December 2012 through November 2014 was conducted. Chi-squared analysis, binomial probability test, and student’s t-test were used, where appropriate, to describe patient demographics, injury patterns, and temporal and geographic trends of injuries.ResultsIn the two-year period, 3,357 patients were managed by SAMU for traumatic injuries. Males were 76.5% of the study population, and the median age of all injured patients was 29 years (IQR=23-35). The most common causes of injury were road traffic crashes (RTCs; 73.4%), stabbings/cuts (11.1%), and falls (9.4%), and the most common anatomic regions injured were the head (55.7%), lower (45.0%) extremities, and upper (27.0%) extremities. Almost one-fourth of injured patients suffered a fracture (24.9%). The most common mechanism of injury for adults was motorcycle-related RTCs (61.4%), whereas children were more commonly injured as pedestrians (59.8%). Centrally located sectors within Kigali represented common areas for RTCs.ConclusionsThese data support the call for focused injury prevention strategies, some of which already are underway in Rwanda. Further research on care processes and clinical outcomes for injured patients may help identify avenues for improved care delivery.EnumahS,ScottJW,MaineR,UwitonzeE,NyinawankusiJD,RivielloR,ByiringiroJC,KabagemaI,JayaramanS.Rwanda’s model prehospital emergency care service: a two-year review of patient demographics and injury patterns in Kigali.Prehosp Disaster Med.2016;31(6):614–620.
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Ukwishaka, Joyeuse, Christian Umuhoza, Peter Cartledge, and Natalie McCall. "Pediatric self-medication use in Rwanda – a cross sectional study." African Health Sciences 20, no. 4 (December 16, 2020): 2032–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ahs.v20i4.61.

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Background: Self-medication, a worldwide practice, has both benefits and risks. Many countries have regulated non-pre- scription medications available for use in self-medication. However, in countries such as Rwanda, where prescriptions are not required to purchase medications, prescription, non-prescription and traditional medications have been used for self-medi- cation. Objectives: To determine the reported self-medication use in Rwanda and to determine attitudes and reasons associated with parental decisions to self-medicate their children. Methods: A cross-sectional multi-center questionnaire based quantitative study of 154 parents/caregivers of children under ten years undertaken in private and public health facilities. Results: The use of self-medication was reported to be 77.9%. Among these parents/caregivers, 50.8% used modern self-medication only, 15.8% used traditional self-medication only and 33.3% used both types of self-medication. Paraceta- mol was the most commonly used drug in modern self-medication; the traditional drugs used were Rwandan local herbs. Parents/caregivers who used modern medicines had slightly more confidence in self-medication than self-medication users of traditional medicines (p=0.005). Parents/caregivers who used modern self-medication reported barriers to consultation as a reason to self-medicate more frequently than those who used traditional drugs. Having more than one child below 10 years of-age was the only socio-demographic factor associated with having used self-medication (AOR=4.74, CI: 1.94- 11.58, p=0.001). Being above 30 years (AOR= 5.78, CI: 1.25-26.68, p=0.025) and living in Kigali (AOR=8.2, CI: 1.58-43.12, p=.0.012) were factors associated with preference of modern self- medication compared to traditional self-medication. Conclusion: Self-medication is common in Rwanda. Parents/caregivers are involved in this practice regardless of their socio-demographic background. Keywords: Self-medication; medicines; parents; caregivers; children; Nonprescription Drugs; Rwanda.
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LEPAGE, PHILIPPE, PHILIPPE MSELLATI, DEO-GRATIAS HITIMANA, ANATHOLIE BAZUBAGIRA, CHRISTIAAN VAN GOETHEM, ARLETTE SIMONON, ETIENNE KARITA, LAURENCE DEQUAE-MERCHADOU, PHILIPPE VAN DE PERRE, and FRANÇOIS DABIS. "Growth of human immunodeficiency type 1-infected and uninfected children: a prospective cohort study in Kigali, Rwanda, 1988 to 1993." Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal 15, no. 6 (June 1996): 479–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006454-199606000-00003.

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10

Namahoro, Jean Pierre, and Adrien Mugabushaka. "Forecasting Maternal Complications Based on the Impact of Gross National Income Using Various Models for Rwanda." Journal of Environmental and Public Health 2020 (August 19, 2020): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/7692428.

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Introduction. Preferably maternal mortalities are predominant in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). In some African countries, including Rwanda, programs related to health-care delivery to reduce significantly severe complications including mortalities are established. Unfortunately, historical and forecasted maternal mortality reduction and the influence of gross national income (GNI) were not accessed. This study is aimed to forecast the three years of maternal mortalities (MMs) based on the influence of gross national income (GNI) in Rwanda. Methods. The period involved is from January 2009 to April 2018. Data analyzed were obtained from the Central Hospital of the University of Kigali (CHUK) and mined data from the WHO database. Time series approach (Box-Jenkins and exponential smoothing) and linear regression models were applied. Besides, IBM-SPSS and Eviews were used in the analysis. Results. The results revealed that MMs were not statistically different in several years, and there was a significant correlation between MMs and GNI (-0.610, P value 0.012 < 0.05). A double exponential smoothing model (DESM) was fitted for the best forecast and ARIMA (0,1,0) and linear regression models for a quick forecast. Conclusion. There was a slight effect of GNI in maternal mortality reduction, which leads to the steady decrease of the forecasted maternal mortality up to May 2021. The Government of Rwanda should intensively strengthen the health-care system, save the children programs, and support pregnant women by using GNI for reducing MMs at an advanced level.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Multiligualism in children – Rwanda – Kigali"

1

Remera, Jeanne Manywa. "Perceptions among caregivers and physiotherapists on the importance of chest physiotherapy in asthmatic children attending hospitals in Kigali, Rwanda." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2004. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&amp.

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Childhood asthma is one of the commonest chronic respiratory conditions in developed communities. Chest physiotherapy has traditionally been one of the interventions used mainly after an attack and for a relatively short-period on an outpatient basis. The purpose of the study was to determine the perceptions of physiotherapists and caregivers about the importance of chest physiotheraphy in asthmatic children in Kigali. To achieve this aim the author attempted to identify the perceived benefits of chest physiotherapy for asthmatic children among caregivers
to determine the perception of physiotherapists about the importance of chest physiotherapy for asthmatic children and
to identify the physiotherapists experiences with doctors referrals and the caregivers compliance in the management of asthmatic children.
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2

Birungi, Francine Mwayuma. "An evaluation of Isoniazid prophylaxis treatment and the role of Xpert MTB/RIF test in improving the diagnosis and prevention of tuberculosis in children exposed to index cases with pulmonary tuberculosis in Kigali, Rwanda." University of the Western Cape, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/6880.

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Philosophiae Doctor - PhD
Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality among children (<15 years) in resource-limited countries. The World Health Organization (WHO) identified active contact screening and isoniazid preventive therapy (IPT) as essential actions for detecting and preventing childhood TB. Despite their benefits and inclusion in the policy of most National TB Programme (NTP) guidelines of the resource-limited countries, there is still a wide gap between policy and implementation. The implementation of contact screening for active case finding might be improved by the decentralised use of the Xpert MTB/RIF test in gastric lavage (GL) specimens, but this has not been previously assessed. Furthermore, although the provision of IPT to eligible child contacts has been a focus for implementation by the NTP of Rwanda since 2005, implementation has not previously been evaluated. The assessment of IPT uptake and adherence as well as associated factors could be informative for the programme. Therefore, we aimed to assess the diagnostic yield of Xpert MTB/RIF in GL among child contacts with suspected pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) and the uptake of and adherence to IPT by eligible child contacts to make recommendations towards strengthening TB diagnostic and prevention in children in Kigali, Rwanda. Methods: The proposed study setting Kigali, the capital city of Rwanda, was the location for 30% of the national PTB case notifications in 2013-14.A conceptual framework based on ecological theory was used in this study. Quantitative, qualitative and mixed (using both quantitative and qualitative research methods in one study) research methods were applied, and various research designs were used depending on the research questions. The study involved a cross-sectional analysis of the diagnostic yield of Xpert MTB/RIF in GL among all child contacts with suspected TB. Across-sectional and prospective cohort study design was used to assess the uptake and adherence of IPT among eligible child contacts.
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Niyibizi, Epimaque. "An evaluation of the Rwandan trilingual policy in some nursery and primary schools in Kigali City." Diss., 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/3720.

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This research study aims to evaluate how the trilingual policy (Kinyarwanda, French and English) is implemented in Kigali City’s nursery and primary schools in terms of facilitating learners’ cognitive academic language proficiency (CALP) development, in both the pre-2008 and post-2008 language policies. It is an exploratory-qualitative-interpretative research study, which analyses the language preference, the age of change-over and the multilingual models adopted and how they contribute to learners’ CALP development. It also analyses the implications of the post-2008 policy. The findings indicated that initial bilingualism, initial trilingualism, early total immersion and gradual transfer models were implemented in the pre-2008 policy; while the post-2008 policy implements early total immersion. The learners’ CALP in both the MT and the AL could be more developed in public schools under the pre-2008 policy due to exposure to Kinyarwanda instruction from the start but it may not be developed fully under the post-2008 policy, because English is used as MOI from the onset of education.
Linguistics
M.A. (Applied Linguistics)
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Books on the topic "Multiligualism in children – Rwanda – Kigali"

1

Giacomo, Pirozzi, and UNICEF Kigali, eds. Children and women of Rwanda: A situation analysis of social sectors. [Kigali]: Unicef, 1997.

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