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Journal articles on the topic 'Multilingual Names'
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Cheng, Karen Kow Yip. "Names in Multilingual-Multicultural Malaysia." Names 56, no. 1 (March 2008): 47–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/175622708x282965.
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Möller, Lucie A. "Multilingual Place Names in Southern Africa." Names 67, no. 1 (January 3, 2018): 5–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00277738.2017.1415536.
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Qi Wu, Ying, and Shan Shan Li. "Adopting French Names as Identity Markers among Second Foreign Language (L3) Learners in China." Names 71, no. 2 (June 8, 2023): 31–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/names.2023.2535.
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Using foreign names has become common practice for Chinese students who are learning a foreign language to develop a special identity in multilingual contexts. French is one of the most studied foreign languages in China. Nevertheless, little attention has been paid to the practices learners follow when adopting French names as their identity markers. The current study addresses this gap by investigating twenty-nine French names adopted by Chinese university students who are learning French as the second foreign language (L3) in a Chinese university. Drawing on data collected through interviews, the motivations, and features behind the respondents’ name choices were examined. The qualitative and quantitative analyses show that the practice of adopting French names for these L3 students was primarily motivated by phonetic features and the study participants’ positive associations. The L3 learners deliberately selected a French name to create a multilingual and multicultural identity for themselves. The pedagogical implications regarding teachers’ development of cultural instruction materials as well as teachers’ potential influence on French language instruction overall are also discussed.
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Girininkaitė, Veronika. "The verbalization of emotions in the discourse of a multilingual speaker. A case study: Diary (1904-1910) by Vytautas Civinskis." Taikomoji kalbotyra, no. 9 (December 8, 2017): 134–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/tk.2017.17450.
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The article aims to discuss the verbalisation of emotions in the discourse of a multilingual person. First, an overview of linguistic investigation in the field of emotions is presented. Notably, linguistic expression of feelings in every given language sometimes lacks precision; moreover, the names of emotions in various languages do not correspond. This poses some problems for multilinguals who try to express their emotions in L2. Later, the paper focuses on a case study, mainly on a series of examples from the manuscript of Diary (1904–1910), an egodocument from the beginning of the 20thcentury written by a multilingual student Vytautas Civinskis. The Diary was written mainly in Polish, Russian and Lithuanian. Civinskis was inspired to classify his own emotions by his studies in psychology. The examples show that while writing about his emotions the diarist makes use of lexical units from various languages (Polish, Russian, German, French, Lithuanian), often not matching the language of the sentence. Presumably, he chooses not to translate the words incorporated in idioms or collocations and avoids translating the names of emotions, which are especially salient in some given language. The diarist is keen to quote the texts of literary and other origin; therefore, he sometimes names his emotion after the line of a well-known poem or a song (such quotations are also kept in the original). The observed tendency to code-switch while talking about emotions corresponds to the results of some experiments carried out by the researchers of bilingualism. The case study also shows that research into emotion names in the discourse of multilinguals should rely on the results of research from the fields of lexical valency, semantics and psychology.
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Roy, Ramit Kumar, Himadri Mukherjee, Kaushik Roy, and Umapada Pal. "CNN based recognition of handwritten multilingual city names." Multimedia Tools and Applications 81, no. 8 (February 18, 2022): 11501–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11042-022-12193-8.
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Sayers, William. "Names for the Badger in Multilingual Medieval Britain." ANQ: A Quarterly Journal of Short Articles, Notes and Reviews 22, no. 4 (October 30, 2009): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08957690903227613.
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Zhang, Shi, and Bernd H. Schmitt. "Creating Local Brands in Multilingual International Markets." Journal of Marketing Research 38, no. 3 (August 2001): 313–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1509/jmkr.38.3.313.18869.
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Despite the importance of decisions regarding international brand names, research on brand naming has focused primarily on English name creation. The authors conceptualize the local brand-name creation process in a multilingual international market. The authors present a framework that incorporates (1) a linguistic analysis of three translation methods—phonetic (i.e., by sound), semantic (i.e., by meaning), and phonosemantic (i.e., by sound plus meaning)—and (2) a cognitive analysis focusing on the impact of primes and expectations on consumer name evaluations. Using dual English-and-Chinese brand names, the authors show that the effectiveness of the translation depends on the emphasis of the original English name (versus the Chinese name) and the method of translation used previously for brand names within the same category.
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De Cao, Nicola, Ledell Wu, Kashyap Popat, Mikel Artetxe, Naman Goyal, Mikhail Plekhanov, Luke Zettlemoyer, Nicola Cancedda, Sebastian Riedel, and Fabio Petroni. "Multilingual Autoregressive Entity Linking." Transactions of the Association for Computational Linguistics 10 (2022): 274–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/tacl_a_00460.
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Abstract We present mGENRE, a sequence-to- sequence system for the Multilingual Entity Linking (MEL) problem—the task of resolving language-specific mentions to a multilingual Knowledge Base (KB). For a mention in a given language, mGENRE predicts the name of the target entity left-to-right, token-by-token in an autoregressive fashion. The autoregressive formulation allows us to effectively cross-encode mention string and entity names to capture more interactions than the standard dot product between mention and entity vectors. It also enables fast search within a large KB even for mentions that do not appear in mention tables and with no need for large-scale vector indices. While prior MEL works use a single representation for each entity, we match against entity names of as many languages as possible, which allows exploiting language connections between source input and target name. Moreover, in a zero-shot setting on languages with no training data at all, mGENRE treats the target language as a latent variable that is marginalized at prediction time. This leads to over 50% improvements in average accuracy. We show the efficacy of our approach through extensive evaluation including experiments on three popular MEL benchmarks where we establish new state-of-the-art results. Source code available at https://github.com/facebookresearch/GENRE.
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Wu, Hongmei, and Sethawut Techasan. "Chinatown in Bangkok: The Multilingual Landscape." MANUSYA 19, no. 3 (2016): 38–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/26659077-01903004.
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This paper examines the linguistic landscape (shop names) of Chinatown in Bangkok, a prosperous minority language (Chinese) community of diverse commercial establishments. Informed by an ethnographic framework, it explores the preservation of Chinese language and culture under the circumstance of language contact with Thai, the majority language, and globalization influence of English. Unsurprisingly, the inherited Chinese language (dialects as Teochew or Cantonese) was lost in the 2nd or 3rd generation of the Chinese descendants in Chinatown. However, the shop names suggest that in part because of its commodifying value and cultural awareness of the current proprietors, the Chinese shop owners are inclined to preserve the Chinese language and culture of the shops through the use of traditional Chinese characters, colors, layout and other marks of the shops. On the other hand, an analysis of the mutual translations of Chinese and Thai indicates that Chinese has more of a symbolic rather than informative function for Thai monolingual customers. Moreover, the ascendancy of English has contributed to the complexity of the multilingual landscape in Bangkok’s Chinatown.
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Xie, Qin, Francesco-Alessio Ursini, and Giuseppe Samo. "Urbanonyms in Macao." Names 71, no. 1 (March 14, 2023): 29–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/names.2023.2421.
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The goal of this paper is to offer an analysis of urban place names (“urbanonyms”) in Macao, China. This city has a centuries-long tradition of multi-cultural and linguistic integration, with Chinese and Portuguese representing the two oldest linguistic and cultural realities. Due to the considerable growth of Macao as a global commercial hub, English has also become an emergent lingua franca in this city’s territory and society. However, gazetteers, maps, and other documents reporting Macanese place names include names in Portuguese and Chinese: English names have a restricted use and status. Such a situation naturally leads to questions that pertain to the linguistic properties of these names, and to possible asymmetries in naming practices. The paper thus aims to present a detailed analysis of the Portuguese and Chinese urbanonyms and their linguistic (e.g., grammatical, lexical, and etymological) aspects, and of the emerging English toponyms. The analysis is based on data extraction and triangulation from multiple on-line and off-line gazetteers. Via this analysis, the paper also aims to account for how divergences and convergences reflect Macao’s complex toponomastic history and the role of toponomastics in multilingual contexts.
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Savary, Agata, Leszek Manicki, and Małgorzata Baron. "Populating a multilingual ontology of proper names from open sources." Journal of Language Modelling 1, no. 2 (November 26, 2013): 189. http://dx.doi.org/10.15398/jlm.v1i2.63.
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MacSwan, Jeff. "A Multilingual Perspective on Translanguaging." American Educational Research Journal 54, no. 1 (February 2017): 167–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.3102/0002831216683935.
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Translanguaging is a new term in bilingual education; it supports a heteroglossic language ideology, which views bilingualism as valuable in its own right. Some translanguaging scholars have questioned the existence of discrete languages, further concluding that multilingualism does not exist. I argue that the political use of language names can and should be distinguished from the social and structural idealizations used to study linguistic diversity, favoring what I call an integrated multilingual model of individual bilingualism, contrasted with the unitary model and dual competence model. I further distinguish grammars from linguistic repertoires, arguing that bilinguals, like monolinguals, have a single linguistic repertoire but a richly diverse mental grammar. I call the viewpoint developed here a multilingual perspective on translanguaging.
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Ehrmann, Maud, Guillaume Jacquet, and Ralf Steinberger. "JRC-Names: Multilingual entity name variants and titles as Linked Data." Semantic Web 8, no. 2 (December 6, 2016): 283–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/sw-160228.
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Groom, Quentin, Ann Bogaerts, Nuno Veríssimo Pereira, and Sofie De Smedt. "A fork in the alphabet soup: DoeDat a multilingual crowdsourcing platform." Biodiversity Information Science and Standards 2 (May 17, 2018): e25148. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/biss.2.25148.
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Specimen labels are written in numerous languages and accurate interpretation requires local knowledge of place names, vernacular names and people’s names. In many countries more than one language is in common usage. Belgium, for example, has three official languages. Crowdsourcing has helped many collections digitize their labels and generates useful data for science. Furthermore, direct engagement of the public with a herbarium increases the collection’s visibility and potentially reinforces a sense of common ownership. For these reasons we built DoeDat, a multilingual crowdsourcing platform forked from Digivol of the Australian Museum (Figs 1, 2). Some of the useful features we inherited from Digivol include a georeferencing tool, configurable templates, simple project management and individual institutional branding. Running a multilingual website does increase the work needed to setup and manage projects, but we hope to gain from the broader engagement we can attract. Currently, we are focusing our work on Belgian collections were Dutch and French are the primary languages, but in the future we may expand our languages when we work on our international collections. We also hope that we can eventually merge our code with that of Digivol, so that we can both benefit from each other's developments.
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Savitri, Eka Dian, Kartika Nuswantara, and Aurelius Ratu. "Tourism language accommodation of Ubud-Bali: the virtual landscape linguistics (VLL) through google street view." Journal of Applied Studies in Language 6, no. 2 (December 6, 2022): 154–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.31940/jasl.v6i2.610.
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This study reveals how Virtual Landscape Linguistics (VLL) in Ubud-Bali can describe the community’s attitude when facing the global tourism industry. Data in shop signboards, information boards, and building names were collected using documentation techniques through the Google Street View application (update 2019–2021) along Raya Ubud Street, Bali, Indonesia. The selected data represents the categories of language variation and monolingual-multilingual signs. The findings show that English is used in most commercial signage, both monolingual and multilingual outdoor signs. On the other hand, the local language is seen on monolingual and multilingual outdoor signs in traditional restaurants, information boards, and vernacular building names. Through the display of English signage, tourists worldwide can see that Ubud has provided complete accommodation needs for foreign tourists. In addition, tourists can also see that the use of local languages such as Indonesian and Balinese on commercial signage and vernacular buildings shows the authentic value and culture of the local community as a tourist attraction. This study shows that VLL in the context of tourism has two functions. First, VLL helps travelers plan and organize their vacations better. Second, VLL allows stakeholders to promote their tourist areas virtually without neglecting their natural appearance.
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Rübekeil, Ludwig. "Tufa und Armilausini." Beiträge zur Geschichte der deutschen Sprache und Literatur 142, no. 2 (May 26, 2020): 185–213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bgsl-2020-0013.
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AbstractThis article investigates the origin and history of two names dating from late Antiquity or the migration period. The first is the personal name Tufa, the second is the tribal name Armilausini. The two names can be traced back to a corresponding Germanic loan word in the Latin military language, tufa and armilausia, respectively, both of which are continued in the military language of the Eastern Roman and Byzantine Empire. The names are based on the appellative nouns. Both the appellatives and, even more so, the names turn out to be characteristic products of the multilingual background of the Roman military, as they show several signs of linguistic interference such as lexical reanalysis / folk etymology, morphological remodelling and semantic specialization.
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Zhang, Hong, and Brian Hok-Shing Chan. "The shaping of a multilingual landscape by shop names: tradition versus modernity." Language and Intercultural Communication 17, no. 1 (December 28, 2016): 26–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14708477.2017.1261674.
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Vitas, Duško, Cvetana Krstev, and Denis Maurel. "A note on the semantic and morphological properties of proper names in the Prolex project." Lingvisticæ Investigationes. International Journal of Linguistics and Language Resources 30, no. 1 (August 10, 2007): 115–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/li.30.1.08vit.
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In this paper we present a linguistic approach to the analysis of proper names. The basic assumption of our approach is that proper names are linguistic units of text that should be treated using the same methods that are applied to text in its totality. We illustrate the inflectional and derivational properties of simple and multi-word proper names on the example of Serbian, and describe how these properties have been formalized in order to develop e-dictionaries of the DELA type. In order to support multi-lingual applications we have developed a model of a multilingual relational dictionary of proper names based on an ontology, as well as an actual database. Finally, we outline how the developed dictionaries and database can be used in real monolingual and multi-lingual applications, such as information extraction.
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Alasli, Malak. "Hungarian place names from a Moroccan perspective." Proceedings of the ICA 4 (December 3, 2021): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ica-proc-4-3-2021.
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Abstract. Hungarian, or "Magyar", is a Finno-Ugric language that is different from the other European languages. Despite existing within an Indo-European environment and experiencing some Latinization (Indo-Europeanization), it has retained its distinct characteristics. Nevertheless, it also has some linguistic features, such as a phonetic structure that carries no specific sounds that cannot be easily uttered by a French, Italian, German, or English speaker, rendering it relatively easier for speakers of some Indo-European languages. On the other hand, Morocco has a multilingual environment, with Standard Arabic and Berber (Amazigh) as official languages, along with French and dialectal Arabic. Thus, the coexistence of these languages allowed for a bilingual representation of place names; an Arabic endonym and a French exonym. Both variants hold an official status and are used in maps and road signs. Therefore, the goal of this study is to record Moroccans' pronunciation of Hungarian place names. It is worth investigating whether such Arabic speakers with French knowledge will have difficulty reading the Hungarian toponyms and what is the reasoning behind such difficulty.
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Muriungi, Stella Wangari, and Benard Angatia Mudogo. "LINGUISTIC LANDSCAPE IN A MULTILINGUAL CONTEXT: A CASE OF KENYAN UNIVERSITIES." LLT Journal: A Journal on Language and Language Teaching 24, no. 2 (November 6, 2021): 450–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.24071/llt.v24i2.3673.
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The linguistic landscape of a place constitutes a clear representation of its language ideology, culture, users’ identity and language practice. These are depicted in verbal language used in public signs including business names, street signs, advertisements and graffiti. The aim of this paper is to examine the language distribution, purpose and authorship of public signage in the multilingual context in Kenyan universities. The paper also examines the students’ attitudes towards the public signs in the sampled institutions. A sample of 185 photos taken from notices, advertisements, building names and posters are analyzed. The analysis reveals that English is the most dominant language used in Universities for both top-down and bottom-up signs, with 77% prevalence. This is attributed to the acceptance of English as a global language and presence of international students and lecturers. A high incidence of informative signs is also noted at 42% of all signage linked with the academic nature of the paper context. The findings also reveal that Kiswahili as an African language with Bantu and Arabic roots is barely utilized in public signs despite its official status. This has implications on language policy and its implementation as it indicates a mismatch between policy and practice.
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Sharma, Sandhya, Sheifali Gupta, Deepali Gupta, Sapna Juneja, Hamza Turabieh, Lokesh Sharma, and Zelalem Kiros Bitsue. "Optimized CNN-Based Recognition of District Names of Punjab State in Gurmukhi Script." Journal of Mathematics 2022 (May 28, 2022): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/6580839.
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Automation of Postal systems has the major research scope in the field of automation. To create Postal Automation set-up for countries like India is a tedious task if compared with other countries because of India’s multiscript and multilingual behavior. This work will help in recognizing the “Gurmukhi” handwritten district names of the State Punjab. To recognize the district names, a CNN-based architecture is proposed by employing a Holistic approach. For this, an image database of 22000 samples is prepared having 1000 sample images for every district name which is collected from 500 different writers. Maximum accuracy on validation data achieved by the proposed Model is 99%.
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Hussain, Sarmad, Ahmed Bakhat, Nabil Benamar, Meikal Mumin, and Inam Ullah. "Enabling multilingual domain names: addressing the challenges of the Arabic script top-level domains." Journal of Cyber Policy 1, no. 1 (January 2, 2016): 107–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/23738871.2016.1157618.
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Madiyeva, G., and А. Kabytayeva. "ONOMASTIC IDENTITY AS A MARKER OF NATIONAL IDENTITY PRESERVATION IN THE FRAMEWORK OF THE PROGRAM "RUKHANI ZHANGYRU»." BULLETIN Series of Philological Sciences 74, no. 4 (December 9, 2020): 116–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.51889/2020-4.1728-7804.24.
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One of the most important national identification indicators is proper names, first of all, names of people (personal names, surnames) and geographical names (toponyms). Currently, there are new trends and directions in the study of onyms. In the context of cross-cultural communication, in the context of the functioning of different languages on the territory of multilingual Kazakhstan, onyms have undergone a number of semantic and structural changes. This article is devoted to the manifestation of the results of globalization and national identity in the modern architectural phenomenon – residential complexes of the city of Almaty. The article focuses on the onomastic identity realized through the names of modern housing complexes (oikodomonyms), which contain valuable and rich ethnolinguistic and historical information reflected in the language consciousness of the people. For this reason, oikodomonyms are qualified as names that make up one of the zones of active intercultural integration, which, performing the function of onomastic identity, can be conductors of national identity. As a result of the analytical review, the need for special attention to oikodomonyms as nominative units that contribute to the revival and preservation of national identity within the framework of the program "Rukhani zhangyru: preserve and increase" is identified and justified.
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Anisimova, Alla, and Nataliia Safonova. "Conceptual and Linguistic Representations of Concept Flora in the Phraseological Worldview: A Multilingual Aspect." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MULTILINGUAL EDUCATION VIII, no. 2 (December 28, 2020): 87–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.22333/ijme.2020.16007.
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The article gives the definition of a notion ‘concept’ and presents its main interpretations in modern linguistics. This research describes the notion of phraseological worldview and its relation to the notion concept. In this article 62 English, 61 French and 57 Ukrainian phraseological units that reveal the concept FLORA, have been analysed. Based on this analysis, the frame structure of the FLORA concept in the English, French and Ukrainian phraseological worldview is proposed and developed. This made it possible to prove that the linguistic actualization of the FLORA concept is associated with the identification of national characteristics of the studied cultures, their worldview and mentality. It is stated in the article that the English, French and Ukrainians use the names of plants in the phraseological units for the characterization of a person, the designation of certain qualities and traits of character, appearance and mental abilities.
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Pobedinskiy, G. G., V. E. Zhukovskiy, and V. M. Boginsky. "Actual problems of Russian toponyms transcribing in foreign languages." Geodesy and Cartography 981, no. 3 (April 20, 2022): 56–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.22389/0016-7126-2022-981-3-56-63.
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After analyzing a number of international and national regulatory documents in the field of names of geographical and other objects, as well as the practice of applying the requirements of these documents, the authors concluded that the main method of geographical objects’ names transmitting, as well as those of streets, squares, stops, road and city signs, and of other inner-city objects in foreign languages (letters of the Latin alphabet) is currently adopted transliteration. On the one hand it can simplify spelling them with Latin letters, but, on the other hand inscriptions unreadable in any language are created, since their pronunciation is unknown. In connection with participation in international economic and other activities, holding mass events with foreign representatives, the problem of writing and adequate reading the names of geographical and other objects in other languages (letters of the Latin alphabet) has aggravated. The authors see the solution of the mentioned task in creating a specialized multilingual database through including transcribed names in it, i. e. converted according to pronunciation into English, then into the official languages of the United Nations and German. This will require enormous work, which should involve translators, philologists, cartographers and local historians; in addition, it will be necessary to revive the work of the department of geographical names in the head scientific organization in the industry of geodesy, cartography and names of geographical objects.
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Menezes, Miguel, Vera Cabarrão, Helena Moniz, and Pedro Mota. "Reconhecimento Automático Multilingue de Entidades Mencionadas em Diversos Domínios, para Efeitos de Anonimização de Tradução Automática." Revista da Associação Portuguesa de Linguística, no. 9 (October 25, 2022): 169–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.26334/2183-9077/rapln9ano2022a12.
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The following article describes the research developed at Unbabel, a Portuguese Machine-Translation start-up, that combines Machine Translation (MT) with human post-edition with a focus on customer service content. With the work carried out within a real multilingual AI powered, human-refined, MT industry, we aim to contribute to furthering MT quality and good-practices, by exposing the importance of having continuously in development, robust Named Entity Recognition systems for General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) compliance. We will report three different experiments, resulting from a shared work with Unbabel´s linguists and Unbabel´s Artificial Intelligence (AI) engineering team, matured over a year. The first experiment focused on developing a methodology for the identification and annotation of domain-specific Named Entities (NEs) for the Food-Industry. The devised methodology allows the construction of gold standards for building domain specific NER systems and can be applied for a myriad of different domains. With the implementation of the designed method, we were able to identify the following domain-specific NEs set: Restaurant Names; Restaurant Chains; Dishes; Beverage, Ingredients. The second and third experiments explored the possibilities of constructing, in a semi-automatically way, multilingual NER gold standards for different domains and language pairs, using aligners that project Named Entities across a parallel corpus. Both experiments made it possible to benchmark four different open-source aligners (SimAlign; Fastalign; AwesomeAlign; Eflomal), allowing to identify the one with better performance and, simultaneously, validate the aforementioned approach. This work should be taken as a statement of multidisciplinary, proving and validating the much-needed articulation between different scientific fields that compose and characterize the area of Natural Language Processing (NLP).
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Soomro, Muhammad Arif, and Tatiana V. Larina. "Categories of address forms in Pakistani English at a multilingual academic setting." Philological Sciences. Scientific Essays of Higher Education, no. 6s (November 2022): 50–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.20339/phs.6s-22.050.
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The variations of address forms in multilingual and multicultural contexts create problems in their understanding, proper choice, and usage. The goal of this study is to identify the main categories of forms of address used by students and teachers in multilingual Pakistani universities and to highlight the socio-cultural factors that determine their choice and preference in various contexts, both formal and informal. An open-ended questionnaire was distributed for data collection in four public sector universities in the Sindh province of Pakistan. The material obtained from 252 participants was supplemented and verified through ethnographic observation and analyzed employing both quantitative and qualitative research paradigms. The preliminary results show that in multilingual academic settings, Pakistani interlocutors use a variety of categories of address forms with the domineering position of names and kinship terms. Speaking Pakistani English, they use both English and local terms of address borrowed from Sindhi, Urdu, and other local languages to express their cultural values, identity, and attitudes. The findings show that English forms of address are predominantly used in formal contexts while native terms are mostly observed in informal ones. The study provides some new linguistic facts about the impact of culture on address forms. Its results may contribute to further investigation of address forms from socio-pragmatic and cultural perspectives.
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Chang, Chia-chien, and Michelle Min-chia Wu. "Address form shifts in interpreted Q&A sessions." China and Chinese 11, no. 2 (September 2, 2009): 164–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/intp.11.2.04cha.
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This paper examines the use of address forms in interpreter-mediated question and answer (Q&A) sessions in international conferences. The address forms analyzed include both the names and the pronouns the questioners used to address the presenters. The data were collected from two conferences held in Taiwan during which Chinese/English simultaneous interpretation were provided. The Q&A pairs were divided into three categories: (1) bilingual/multilingual communication between questioners and presenters who spoke different languages; (2) monolingual communication between questioners and presenters who spoke the same language, (3) English-as-lingua-franca communication between questioners and presenters who spoke different language but chose to use English as a common language. The results show that (1) shifts in address forms occurred most frequently in interpreter-mediated bilingual/multilingual communication, (2) simultaneous interpreters tended to conform to target-culture conventions in their renditions of address forms, even though their decisions were still influenced by the cognitive constraints ubiquitous in the process of simultaneous interpreting.
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McCallum-Bayliss, Heather, and Carolyn Temple Adger. "Variability in naming." Language Problems and Language Planning 34, no. 3 (November 17, 2010): 222–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lplp.34.3.02mcc.
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Personal names are variable. Individuals may refer to themselves and be referred to in different ways depending on the social situation. In multilingual and multicultural settings, potential variation in personal names is even more challenging. It arises from cultural contrasts in naming conventions and from structural contrasts between languages. The range of name variations poses real challenges for the information systems that are central to social life, because identifying individuals uniquely is essential to their functioning. Consistent and appropriate representation of a particular name in a data store improves the likelihood that that person’s medical records or banking records or job application can be found at a later date. However, ensuring the consistent representation of a name is not entirely under an individual’s control because he or she may not be the one to enter the name into the database and the database may not be designed in a way that permits the name to be represented appropriately. Database management is especially challenging in settings that are culturally diverse. The consistent handling of names requires their appropriate cultural interpretation.
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Chikazawa, Yuto, Marie Katsurai, and Ikki Ohmukai. "Multilingual author matching across different academic databases: a case study on KAKEN, DBLP, and PubMed." Scientometrics 126, no. 3 (February 5, 2021): 2311–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11192-020-03861-3.
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AbstractResearchers often use their native languages to present and exchange ideas. To construct an individual author’s complete profile, a list of their English and non-English academic publications must be constructed. This paper presents a practical approach for multilingual author matching across different academic databases. Our approach automatically links the academic records of a target database to a researcher identifier of a source database. First, we extracted a comprehensive set of records in the target database, whose author names were identical to the researcher names in the source database. Then, we calculated multiple author similarity measures, which can be adopted in certain entity pairs from different language databases. Finally, we aggregated the measures to output an improved score that indicates the likelihood of each record as being the researcher’s work. Our method was found to be easy to implement, and its performance was evaluated in real database management settings. Experiments were conducted using DBLP and PubMed as the target English databases. As the Japanese database, KAKEN was the source for identifying researcher information. The results demonstrated each similarity measure’s performance, from which we observed that the score aggregation achieved stable performance. Our method can lessen human efforts to associate various scholarly contributions.
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Almoaily, Mohammad. "Linguistic Choices in the Saudi Entrepreneurial Cyberspace." International Journal of Applied Linguistics and English Literature 8, no. 2 (March 31, 2019): 181. http://dx.doi.org/10.7575/aiac.ijalel.v.8n.2p.181.
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Unlike physical linguistic landscapes, virtual linguistic landscapes (VLL) target speakers who are not confined to a geographical area. Hence, a linguistic landscape created in cyberspace is expected to be multilingual, not English monolingual, regardless of the geographical backgrounds of its creators. Yet, different entrepeneurs may have diverging linguistic preferences when creating a VLL. Hence, the current paper provides, to the best of the writer’s knowledge, a first report on the linguistic choices of Arabic-speaking enterpreneurs in a VLL. The study explores the linguistic choices of 400 randomly selected businesses of Saudi entrepreneurs, listed on a local business website (Maroof). Data from three fields, the business name, logo, and description, were classified as either Arabic monolingual, English monolingual, or multilingual. The multilingual signs were further classified following Reh (2004): duplicating, complementary, fragmentary, and overlapping. The results show that the polled sample had varying preferences depending on the genre of the text. Business names were mostly duplicating, while business logos were mostly English monolingual and business descriptions were predominantly written in Arabic only. Since the data showed a great deal of inconsistency across different text genres, the results call for more systematic analyses of VLLs that pay more attention to the genre of the text rather than to the linguistic backgrounds of those who created these landscapes.
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Berecz, Ágoston. "Floreas into Virágs: State Regulation of First Names in Dualist Hungary." Austrian History Yearbook 47 (April 2016): 107–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0067237816000096.
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The Kingdom of Hungary instituted the civil registry of births, marriages, and deaths in 1894. While the new institution was both eulogized and criticized as a major step in the separation of church and state and toward the creation of a modern, secular Hungary, it also opened up a new path for nation building. In this exceedingly multilingual and multinational country, churches often acted as proxies of cultural and political institutions for the national minorities. In the present article, I examine the specifically nation-building aspects embodied in the new regulation for the official use of first names that accompanied Act XXXIII of 1894 on the civil registry, and focus particularly on Romanian first names. Due to their considerable mismatch with Hungarian first names, Romanian names posed a special challenge to policy makers, and for this reason they demonstrate some less obvious dimensions of the changes instituted in 1894. The geographic parameters of this investigation have been imposed by the spatial framework of a wider research project on the interconnections among language, nationalism, and social change in the eastern part of Dualist Hungary, a territory encompassing Transylvania, the easternmost counties of contemporary Hungary proper (according to the administrative division created in 1876), and the eastern two-thirds of the Banat. This framework enables me to make comparisons with other ethnolinguistic groups, notably Transylvanian Saxons and the Catholic Germans of the Banat.
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Smagulova, Juldyz, and Dinara Madiyeva. "Normalizing a new language hierarchy: Event names in post-Soviet urban space." Russian Journal of Linguistics 25, no. 4 (December 18, 2021): 1004–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2687-0088-2021-25-4-1004-1023.
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Naming practices not only reveal ideological contestation in a particular community, but also contribute to the discursive construction of a new social reality. However, the transformative role of naming practices as a semiotic resource for reimagining language hierarchy has been overlooked. This socio-onomastics study aims to explore shifting ideological premises and semiotic mechanisms of normalizing a new language hierarchy in post-Soviet urban space. In doing so, the study diachronically examines naming practices of choosing and using event names, which are more fluid and often short-lived in comparison to other names such as toponyms, anthroponyms or brand names. The study analyses 1246 unique event names mentioned in a local Russian-language newspaper Вечерний Алматы (Vechernii Almaty) over the period of time from 1989 to 2019. The results show a decrease in the use of Russian for name production. Further examination reveals a steady increase in non-integrated event names in Kazakh and English in Russian-language newspaper texts; there are few examples of translation and transliteration, no examples of transcription or loanwords in more recent texts. Our comparison shows that in the context of the multilingual Almaty transgressing the purist norms of standard Russian has become a new norm. We argue that these new local strategies of naming and using names are a semiotic mechanism of domination; they work to normalize a new language hierarchy where the Russian language is no longer the only dominant code of the public and official domain. Our account adds to the discussion of the discursive power of naming in challenging dominant language practices.
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Stalažs, Arturs, Karina Šķirmante, Silga Sviķe, Gints Jasmonts, and Roberts Ervīns Ziediņš. "Experience of design and development of a new open access interactive multifunctional database management system for special lexis of biology." Studies about Languages, no. 42 (June 30, 2023): 52–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.sal.1.42.33107.
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Terminology work requires a lot of data processing in the practical research of comparative linguistics, especially when studying linguistic and terminological changes over time. The lack of appropriate wide-usage electronic tools and databases can slow down such research. Thus, an efficient information management solution is necessary to improve the efficiency of terminology and comparative linguistic research. Since 2021, a team of terminologists, translators, researchers, and information system developers worked together for two years, during which the open access interactive multifunctional database management system (IMDS) was designed and developed for data storage and a wide range of statistical and search options, especially for language research purposes and comparative multilingual studies in linguistics and terminology. The information system consists of multiple modules (input, statistics, export, etc.). The data input module was successfully designed and developed and has been used effectively by researchers for entering and collecting special lexis units. The article mainly describes the statistical data that can be obtained from the IMDS, as well as problems encountered during the development of the system. The IMDS data collection has been updated with 50,846 entries of scientific (Latin) organism names, 60,585 entries of local names of different organisms (mainly in Latvian, but also in other languages), 1427 entries of names of organism-caused diseases, 2942 entries of dictionary words and 313 entries of terms with definitions collected based on excerpts from different publications containing common names linked with their scientific names.
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Zelenin, A. V., and N. L. Ivanova. "Who Are You? (Parent’s Naming Strategies for Their Bilingual Children)." Russian language at school 81, no. 5 (September 15, 2020): 67–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.30515/0131-6141-2020-81-5-67-74.
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The article discusses the sociocultural aspects of the parents choosing a personal name for their child in foreign cultural environment. In order to find out the motivation for choosing a name by parents in 2017–2019, a pilot sociolinguistic experiment was conducted in monoor multilingual families inFinland. The research methods were chosen: the method of sociolinguistic questionnaire, focused interviews, the method of verification, the case study method. The total number of children’s names which were analyzed is 57. Main types of motivation in naming in mono-and polylingual families are historical/cultural, linguistic (phonological/phonetic, associative/semantic) and religious/mystical reasons.
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GÜL, Bülent, and Uğur ŞAHİN. "MONGOLIAN MILITARY TERMINOLOGY IN ARABIC LETTER MULTILINGUAL DICTIONARIES." Turkology 112, no. 4 (December 15, 2022): 30–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.47526/2022-4/2664-3162.02.
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As a result of the Mongol conquest movement that began in the 13th century, Mongolian was considered to be one of the “must-learn” languages of the time. As a result, Mongolian appeared in dictionaries from the period such as Mukaddimetü’l-Edeb, Kitâb Hilyetü’l-insân ve Helbetü’l-lisân (İbni Mühennâ ügati), Rasulid Hexaglot, Şâmilü’l-Luga ve Kitâb-ı Mecmû-ı Tercümân-ı Türkî ve Acemî ve Mugalî. This article identifies the military terminology included in the dictionaries in question’s Mongolian vocabulary and compares it to its Turkish equivalents to highlight similarities and contrasts between Western Central Mongolian and Turkish military terminology. In Mongolian dictionaries with Arabic letters, Mongolian war equipment names are mentioned as follows: bulau “mace, flail”, dūlγan “helmet”, hesi “sword pommel”, ildü “sword”, jida “bayonet”, kituγa “knife”, kögürge “drum”, moγodaq “blind sword; blind knife”, qalqan “shield”, qudqa “knife”, qui “scabbard”, ququ “knife”, quyaq “armor”, tuγ “tug, banner”. The words related to bows and archery, which are among the most significant war tools and equipment of the steppe peoples, are given in great detail in Mongolian dictionaries with Arabic letters. The words related to bows and archery, which are among the most significant war tools and equipment of the steppe peoples, are given in great detail in Mongolian dictionaries with Arabic letters. These words include: aqsau qurman “quiver belt”, bariūl “bow cover”, demiren “arrowhead”, erekebči “thumb ring”, kerčėsün “groove, notch”, kiriš “bowstring”, köbči “bowstring”, numun “bow”, ödün “empennage”, qodali “bone-tipped arrow”, qor “quiver”, qorumsaqa “quiver”, quldasun “bow dust”, sumun “arrow”. Among the words related to bow and archery, the words demiren “arrowhead” and kiriš “bowstring” are noteworthy in Turkish. Of these words, kiriš “bowsrting” is given together with the Mongolian synonym köbči “bowstring”. As a result, it is possible to say that Mongolian, which was particularly influential in the Mamluk-Ilkhanid areas, both affectedTurkish and was influenced by Turkish in the 13th-14th centuries, particularly in terms of military terminology.
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Crljenko, Ivana. "Open Questions on Writing and the Use of Croatian Exonyms on MapS." Kartografija i geoinformacije 18, no. 31 (June 11, 2019): 26–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.32909/kg.18.31.2.
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Croatian exonyms are Croatian adapted names of foreign geographical features that differ from their original names (endonyms). The writing, use, and treatment of exonyms are not always unambiguous, unique, systematic, and consistent. Thus, authors and editors of maps and atlases frequently face the question of should they choose an exonym (and which one), an endonym, or both. They resolve them by entering various exonym forms, using both forms of names (exonyms and endonyms), or omitting exonyms even when they exist. This situation is a direct outcome of having multiple names and of the different use of exonyms. Double naming can be the result of the complex status of toponyms in multilingual areas and of a vague boundary between current and historical exonyms. Until recently, the problems of writing and the use of exonyms were usually simply stated and confirmed by scarce examples. The purpose of this article is to stress out the need to apply a systematic approach to exonym research methodology. The aim is to highlight the open questions on writing and the use of Croatian exonyms by analysing general and school world atlases published in the last forty years, and to confirm them with representative examples. As the analysis indicates, writing and the use of many exonyms in our world atlases is quite chaotic. This is a consequence of having unstandardized exonyms and overly general orthographic rules and toponymic guidelines for exonyms. All mentioned should be in the focus of a national interdisciplinary authority that would carry out the standardization of all Croatian geographical names as well as exonyms.
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Nevinskaitė, Laima. "Multilingual Advertising in Lithuanian Magazines in 1993–2013." Taikomoji kalbotyra, no. 3 (March 2, 2015): 1–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/tk.2014.17474.
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The article presents a quantitative analysis of multilingual advertising in Lithuanian magazines 1993–2013. The analysis includes those advertisements where alongside Lithuanian separate elements in a foreign language are used, and monolingual non-Lithuanian advertising. The sample included advertisements from four magazines of different profiles (a news magazine, a TV magazine, a women’s magazine, and a business lifestyle magazine) from years 1993/1994, 1998, 2003 and 2013, in total 1995 unique advertisements.A general conclusion is made that the amount of multilingual advertising in Lithuanian magazines has increased. Although as early as 1993/1994 the magazines contained a fair amount of non-Lithuanian advertisements, those years were atypical, since non-Lithuanian advertisements were by Lithuanian advertisers mostly and the models of bilingual advertisements were different than the models that prevailed in the later periods. In 1998 there were less non-Lithuanian advertisements than in 1993/1994 and since then their amount was continuously increasing. The trend of increase of multilingual advertising is best confirmed not by the dynamics of its amounts in single magazines, which was different from magazine to magazine, but by its increase within separate product categories and within the flow of advertisements by Lithuanian companies.In 2013, the proportion of non-Lithuanian advertisements in different magazines, without including into this number the names of companies and products, was 11–42 percent. The use of other languages in advertisements was related to product category (the biggest amount of non-Lithuanian advertisements were in categories associated with prestige, modernity, technological progress, and certain lifestyles); country of origin (advertisements by foreign producers were more likely to contain foreign text elements); size (full-page advertisements were more likely to be bi- or multilingual); structure (monolingual non-Lithuanian advertisements predominantly contained company/product name only or company/product name plus slogan/product type).English is the most often used foreign language in Lithuanian advertisements; French, German, Italian are also used; some other languages are used in single cases only. English is used by advertisers from all countries of origin and it is used mostly to create a modern identity of the brand. Other languages, judging by the product categories they are used in, are associated with ethnocultural stereotypes of those countries.
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Yom, Samantha JingYi, and Francesco Cavallaro. "Colonialism and Toponyms in Singapore." Urban Science 4, no. 4 (November 19, 2020): 64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/urbansci4040064.
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Place names do not simply refer to physical locations. They are linguistic symbols full of connotative meaning, carrying a range of cognitive, social, historical, cultural, and ideological significance. Naming (or renaming) has been a key aspect of the colonisation process, through which the colonisers have used language to assert their power over the colonised. Singapore has a very rich history, which includes pre-colonial, colonial, and post-colonial periods. This paper examines selected toponymic changes in Singapore that occurred against the backdrop of colonialism. Given Singapore’s colonial past, as well as its multilingual and multicultural context, the paper aims to provide a thorough and insightful documentation of selected toponymic changes, while uncovering the underlying reasons that motivated them. Four place names (as they are currently known) are investigated in this paper: Jalan Besar, Havelock Road, Middle Road, and the Padang. An analysis of historical data revealed that toponymic changes associated with these places during colonial rule mostly reflected the asymmetrical power relationship between the colonisers and the colonised. The paper also highlights the historical processes in which naming deviated from such expectations.
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BONDARENKO, Irina V., and Tatyana G. KVASHA. "TRENDS OF FORMATION AND TRANSFORMATION OF THE ONOMASTIC SYSTEM OF THE LANGUAGE (ON THE EXAMPLE OF OIKONYMS)." Мова, no. 36 (April 1, 2022): 68–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.18524/2307-4558.2021.36.249727.
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The purpose of the article is to study proper names and their functioning, analysis of extra-, intralinguistic factors caused by the specifics of the functioning of onyms in language and speech, ways to overcome the emerging omonyms, oikonyms. The object of the research is the toponyms of the language. The subject of the research is the oikonyms of the region as a specific toponymic system.To achieve the goal the authors used the following methods: analysis and synthesis, descriptive method, observation method, linguo-stylistic method. The research aspect of the article is realized like transformation processes in groups of proper names: a) change in the phonetic appearance and word-formation structure of onyms; b) de-etymologization (loss of internal form); c) resemantization (rethinking of the word). The authors analyzed the reasons for linguistic changes determined by both the internal laws of language development and extralinguistic tendencies, which made it possible to conclude the unity of divergent toponymic tendencies and convergent processes of the toponymic system itself, the purpose of which is to systematize different-structured and multilingual toponyms.
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Grimaldi, Ilaria Maria, Sureshkumar Muthukumaran, Giulia Tozzi, Antonino Nastasi, Nicole Boivin, Peter J. Matthews, and Tinde van Andel. "Literary evidence for taro in the ancient Mediterranean: A chronology of names and uses in a multilingual world." PLOS ONE 13, no. 6 (June 5, 2018): e0198333. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0198333.
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Rudolf, Gerhild. "Vornamenwahl in einem deutsch-rumänischen Umfeld zwischen regionalen Gepflogenheiten und europäischen Trends." Germanistische Beiträge 44, no. 1 (June 1, 2019): 189–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/gb-2019-0012.
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Abstract An essential factor for the naming practice lies in the language(s) spoken by that certain family. In the nowadays very common multilingual families in Transylvania, the so called ‚mixed marriages’, the linguistic contact also becomes manifest in the field of onomatology. Out of the vast subject matter, four aspects will be approached: the decline of the tradition of naming a child after a parent; naming practices following ethnic reasons in order to denote a certain identity; naming preferences for international names in mixed families; the increasing diversification and inter-culturality of name-giving due to globalization and the impact of social media. Concrete examples – based on bap tis mal registers of the local Lutheran Church – illustrate the monitored trends.
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Sakhovskiy, Andrey Sergeyevich, and Elena Viktorovna Tutubalina. "Сross-lingual transfer learning in drug-related information extraction from user-generated texts." Proceedings of the Institute for System Programming of the RAS 33, no. 6 (2021): 217–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.15514/ispras-2021-33(6)-15.
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Aggregating knowledge about drug, disease, and drug reaction entities across a broader range of domains and languages is critical for information extraction (IE) applications. In this work, we present a fine-grained evaluation intended to understand the efficiency of multilingual BERT-based models for biomedical named entity recognition (NER) and multi-label sentence classification tasks. We investigate the role of transfer learning (TL) strategies between two English corpora and a novel annotated corpus of Russian reviews about drug therapy. Labels for sentences include health-related issues or their absence. The sentences with one are additionally labelled at the expression level to identify fine-grained subtypes such as drug names, drug indications, and drug reactions. Evaluation results demonstrate that BERT trained on Russian and English raw reviews (5M in total) shows the best transfer capabilities on evaluation of adverse drug reactions on Russian data. The macro F1 score of 74.85% in the NER task was achieved by our RuDR-BERT model. For the classification task, our EnRuDR-BERT model achieves the macro F1 score of 70%, gaining 8.64% over the score of a general domain BERT model.
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Uralovich, Djuraev Dusmurod. "Creation of a multilingual electronic dictionary of geographical terms for standardization of toponymic names of the Republic of Uzbekistan." South Asian Journal of Marketing & Management Research 12, no. 1and2 (2022): 61–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/2249-877x.2022.00004.2.
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Albahari, Biljana. "An overview of former Yugoslav philosophical journals in Serbian libraries: A retrospective." Filozofija i drustvo 24, no. 2 (2013): 61–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/fid1302061a.
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The paper represents a review of philosophical magazines and other social science magazines. It also gives a review of other cultural magazines in which philosophical texts have been published. The review covers magazines published in Serbia and other former Yugoslav republics starting from 1898 - when the first philosophical magazine, Archive of Philosophy, Pedagogy and Social Sciences made its appearance - until today. Currently, old editions of these magazines have been converted into electronic form and, along with the new editions, are available on the Internet. The magazines that are analyzed in this paper were published in Serbo-Croatian, Croatian, Serbian, and Albanian, and some are even multilingual. The magazines were distributed in the libraries throughout the historically changing country (with its various names) of Kingdom of Yugoslavia, Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia and Republic of Serbia.
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Ivanova, Iva, David P. Salmon, and Tamar H. Gollan. "The Multilingual Naming Test in Alzheimer's Disease: Clues to the Origin of Naming Impairments." Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society 19, no. 3 (January 8, 2013): 272–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355617712001282.
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AbstractThe current study explored the picture naming performance of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). First, we evaluated the utility of the Multilingual Naming Test (MINT; Gollan et al., 2011), which was designed to assess naming skills in speakers of multiple languages, for detecting naming impairments in monolingual AD and amnestic mild cognitive impairment (MCI). If the MINT were sensitive to linguistic impairment in AD, using it in clinical practice might have advantages over using tests exclusively designed for English monolinguals. We found that the MINT can be used with both monolinguals and bilinguals: A 32-item subset of the MINT is best for distinguishing monolingual patients from controls, while the full MINT is best for assessing degree of bilingualism and language dominance in bilinguals. We then investigated the cognitive mechanisms underlying naming impairment in AD. To this end, we explored which MINT item characteristics best predicted performance differences between monolingual patients and controls. We found that contextual diversity and imageability, but not word frequency (nor words’ number of senses), contributed unique variance to explaining naming impairments in AD. These findings suggest a semantic component to the naming impairment in AD (modulated by names’ semantic richness and network size). (JINS, 2013, 19, 1–12)
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Senayon, Ester. "Taxonomy of Ogu nominal shift to Yoruba." Pedagogika Społeczna Nova 3, no. 5 (August 29, 2023): 125–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/psn.2023.3.5.7.
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Ogu has been experiencing nominal language shift among its speakers, through the agency of Yorubaization, from the turn of the 19th century. Yorubaization is the conversion of anything to more Yoruba norms, which may come in diverse forms such as names, language and other styles or character. Yorubaization of Ogu personal names to spellings and pronunciations that make them look and sound Yoruba, the domi- nant language in Southwestern Nigeria, has become a common trend among Ogu people, especially the adults. Studies on Yorubaization and even Anglicization, have focused mainly on reasons, effects, patterns and consequences. Such studies do not only suggest that distortion of names is a recent trend, but have also conceded its practice to young people in the main. This study, however reveals that Yorubaization has been a practice of Ogu people, a minority linguistic group in Southwestern Nigeria, since the turn of the 19th century and the trend is not only common among youths, but transference from adults, who have been involved in it, to their children. The study examines the precipitating circumstances that led to Ogu people denying their identity at a time when such practice was rare in Nigeria, with a view to assessing its impact on the affirmation of Ogu individual and group identity in a multilingual, multi ethnic setting. The research methodology, which was qualitative, employed the instruments of participant observation and key informant interviews (KII). A total of 20 family names that have been Yorubaized, across Lagos and Ogun States, were purposively collected. Data gathered were subjected to descriptive, and content analyses. Findings reveal that Yorubaization is a direct consequence of language shift fuelled by inferiority complex, shame and an attempt to deny self. The practice has further engendered language shift, which, in turn, has aggravated the minority status of Ogu people.
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Dmitrieva, Tatiana N. "Types of Spelling Mistakes in Personal Documents of Russian Citizens and Migrants Applying for Russian Citizenship." Вопросы Ономастики 18, no. 2 (2021): 196–227. http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/vopr_onom.2021.18.2.026.
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The paper analyses mistakes and inconsistencies that tend to occur in the spelling of surnames, first names, and patronymics in personal documents of Russian citizens when they register for pensions and other welfare payments, as well as in the documents of migrants applying for Russian citizenship. The material for the study was retrieved from in-person enquiries received at the Department of Russian Language, General Linguistics and Speech Communication of the Ural Federal University during 2005–2021. The certificates issued by the author in response to those requests served to confirm the identity of the names of applicants and their relatives in birth certificates, passports, employment records, marriage certificates, etc. The material includes the documents drawn up on the territory of the USSR and former Soviet republics, and some in the far abroad. The paper identifies the types of mistakes and variations in the spelling of names, patronymics, and surnames in these documents and looks for the reasons to such variation. The study showed that along with spelling mistakes which are generally few (dropping / replacing a letter, adding an extra letter, word formation errors), there are much more frequent cases of variation of names, patronymics and surnames due to linguistic and sociolinguistic reasons: 1) the use of orthographic name variants, 2) the use of the literary and colloquial version of the name, 3) replacing a little-known name with a more popular one with similar pronunciation, 4) the existence of word-formation and phonetic variants including multilingual equivalents of the personal name, 5) new variants appearing in the course of rendering the name into Russian and transliteration of specific vowels and consonants of other languages, 6) changes in the graphics and spelling in the languages of the former Soviet republics and a tendency to correct the Russified forms of names, patronymics, and surnames initially recorded in Soviet times to match the updated norms.
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Aikhenvald, Alexandra Y. "Hidden from women’s ears." International Journal of Language and Culture 6, no. 1 (February 1, 2019): 95–118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ijolc.00018.aik.
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Abstract Across the multilingual area of the Vaupés River Basin in north-west Amazonia, women are considered a dangerous ‘other’. In accordance with the local marriage practices, men marry women from language groups different to their own. Women are denied access to important rituals, such as the Yurupary rite, and are not supposed to hear any words associated with this tradition. The paper addresses a special linguistic practice of a women-directed taboo, so far documented just for the Tariana (the only Arawak-speaking groups in the Vaupés River Basin area). All the paraphernalia associated with the Yurupary ritual and a number of place names which contain the name of the Yurupary flute are a taboo to women, and so their original names cannot be pronounced in the presence of women. If a woman is present, a tabooed form has to be used instead. The tradition is on the way out, since the Tariana language and culture are severely endangered. The ‘taboo against women’ in Tariana is compared with other systems of gender-based taboos across the world. How did the erstwhile secret knowledge become public? And how can one get access to ‘forbidden’ knowledge in the Amazonian context? These issues are addressed at the end of the paper.
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Ozoemena, Johnkenedy A., Festus U. Ngwoke, and Basil O. Nwokolo. "Prospects of Mother Tongue as a Medium of Instruction in Nigerian Primary Level Education." English Language Teaching 14, no. 4 (March 3, 2021): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/elt.v14n4p1.
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This paper investigates the prospects in the use of mother tongue as a medium of instruction in Nigeria’s primary level of education. With the multilingual nature of Nigeria, many scholars have continued to clamour for the use of indigenous languages as a medium of instruction in Nigeria’s primary schools. This paper also seeks to justify the reasons why mother tongue education may not be feasible in the nearest future especially with the numerous roles that the English language plays in Nigeria, and the myriads of difficulties which constitute stumbling blocks to its realization. In doing this, two research questions were generated, and data collected from 150 primary school teachers, from both private and public primary schools in Gwagwalada Area Council of Federal Capital Territory (FCT) through purposive sampling technique. The instrument for data collection is a well-structured questionnaire. The questionnaire is made up of two sections, sections A and B. Section A sought for demographic data of respondents, while section B sought for information on the factors militating against mother tongue as a medium of instruction in primary schools in Nigeria. The data collected were analyzed using Crombatch Alpha, mean and standard deviation. The result of the analysis revealed that the multilingual nature of Nigeria, and lack of names of instructional materials and science equipment in the indigenous languages are impediments to the use of mother tongue as a medium of instruction in Nigerian primary level of education.