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Journal articles on the topic 'Multimode operation'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 3 June 2025

Last updated: 20 July 2025

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1

Kubica, Jacek M., Jerzy Gazecki, and Geoffrey K. Reeves. "Multimode operation of ARROW waveguides." Optics Communications 102, no. 3-4 (1993): 217–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0030-4018(93)90385-i.

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2

Hodgson, N., and H. Weber. "Misalignment Sensitivity of Stable Resonators in Multimode Operation." Journal of Modern Optics 39, no. 9 (1992): 1873–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09500349214551961.

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3

Ye, Chaochao, Yang Liu, Yueguang Zhou, et al. "Single-mode operated multimode AlGaAs-on-insulator microring resonators for Kerr comb generation." EPJ Web of Conferences 287 (2023): 07004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202328707004.

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We present a tapered coupler design to achieve single-mode operation in multimode microring resonators and experimentally demonstrate Kerr comb generation in a high-Q, single-mode operated AlGaAs-on-insulator multimode microring resonator.

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4

Xiong, Ao, Yuanzheng Tong, Shaoyong Guo, Yanru Wang, Sujie Shao, and Lin Mei. "An Optimal Allocation Method of Power Multimodal Network Resources Based on NSGA-II." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2021 (October 26, 2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/9632277.

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Basic services for power business were provided by the power multimodel network providers. However, because the power multimodal network is usually complex and changeable, the service of power business is often unstable. This problem can be solved by a suitable network resource optimization method. Therefore, how to design a network resource optimization method that seeks a compromise between multiple performance indicators that achieve the normal operation of power multimode networks is still extremely challenging. An optimal allocation method of power multimodal network resources based on NSGA-II was proposed by this paper. Firstly, the power multimodal network-resource model is established, and the problems existing in the resource optimization process are analyzed. Secondly, preprocessing technology and indirect coding technology are applied to NSGA-II, which solves the coding problem and convergence problem of the application of genetic algorithm to the optimization of network resource allocation. Finally, the simulation results show that, compared with the control algorithm, this method has further optimized the various indicators of the resource allocation of the power multimodal network, and the performance has been improved by more than 6%.

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5

Esser, Stefan, Thomas Graf, and Marwan Abdou Ahmed. "First thin-disk laser operation of an alexandrite crystal." EPJ Web of Conferences 307 (2024): 04028. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202430704028.

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We present the first thin-disk laser operation of alexandrite with an average power over 15 W in continuous-wave multimode operation at a wavelength of 750 nm. Additionally, single- mode operation with up to 2.6 W was achieved.

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6

Hoang, Dinh V., and Phan N. Ha. "Characteristics of mode intensity and bistability in multimode lasers with saturable absorber. II. Multimode operation." Soviet Journal of Quantum Electronics 16, no. 3 (1986): 351–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1070/qe1986v016n03abeh005991.

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7

Chang, Zhiwei, Guoxiang Shu, and Wenlong He. "An Extended Interaction Oscillator Capable of Continuous Multimode Operation." IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices 68, no. 12 (2021): 6470–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ted.2021.3119004.

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8

Chang, Zhiwei, Guoxiang Shu, Yanyan Tian, and Wenlong He. "A Broadband Extended Interaction Klystron Based on Multimode Operation." IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices 69, no. 2 (2022): 802–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ted.2021.3136829.

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9

Sakharov, V. K. "Multimode semiconductor laser gyroscope and factors determining its operation." Quantum Electronics 51, no. 6 (2021): 554–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1070/qel17541.

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10

Koplow, Jeffrey P., Dahv A. V. Kliner, and Lew Goldberg. "Single-mode operation of a coiled multimode fiber amplifier." Optics Letters 25, no. 7 (2000): 442. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ol.25.000442.

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11

Lu, Jinghang, Mehdi Savaghebi, Saeed Golestan, Juan C. Vasquez, Josep M. Guerrero, and Albert Marzabal. "Multimode Operation for On-Line Uninterruptible Power Supply System." IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics 7, no. 2 (2019): 1181–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jestpe.2018.2842436.

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12

Schaef, Christopher, Jan Rentmeister, and Jason T. Stauth. "Multimode Operation of Resonant and Hybrid Switched-Capacitor Topologies." IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics 33, no. 12 (2018): 10512–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tpel.2018.2806927.

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13

Rydberg, A., M. Forsgren, H. Brugger, B. Landgraf, and M. Willander. "Multimode operation of antenna integrated microwave quantumwell-diode oscillator." Microwave and Optical Technology Letters 7, no. 2 (1994): 43–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mop.4650070202.

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14

Tariq Hussein, Fatima, and Fatemah K. AL-Assfor. "Efficient Implementation of Fixed-Point MAC and Multimode MAC Blocks Based on Vedic Mathematic." Iraqi Journal for Electrical and Electronic Engineering 21, no. 2 (2025): 88–98. https://doi.org/10.37917/ijeee.21.2.9.

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Recently, the need for high speed multiply-accumulate (MAC) operations is crucial in numerous systems like 5G, deep learning, in addition to many digital signal processing (DSP) applications. This work offers an improved MAC (I-MAC) block of different bit-size based on Vedic Mathematic and employing a hybrid adder consists of an enhanced Brent-Kung with a carry-select adder (HBK-CSLA) to achieve the sum of products for the MAC. The work is then, developed to design a new multimode fixed-point (FX-Pt) MAC block by exploiting the proposed design of the I-MAC architecture. The proposed multimode MAC block supports three modes of operation; single 64-bit MAC operation, dual 32-bit multiplication with 32-bit single addition, and single 32-bit MAC operation. The design has utilized an adjusted architecture for the Vedic-multiplier (Adjusted-VM), a 64-bit HBK-CSLA, and a control circuit to select the desired mode of operation. The performance of the multi-mode MAC is then optimized by exploiting pipelining concept. The proposed architectures are synthesized in various FPGA families utilizing VHDL language in Xilinx ISE14.7 tool. The performance results have exposed that the proposed 64-bit I-MAC block have attained observable lessen 9.767% in delay and area usage of 47.49% compared with the most existing MAC block designs.

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15

Dobrovolschi, Veronica, Constantin Pirtac, and Vasile Tronciu. "THE INFLUENCES OF THE ASYMMETRIC GAIN SATURATION EFFECT ON THE DYNAMICS OF InGaAsP FABRY-PEROT LASERS." Journal of Engineering Science XXVIII (1) (March 15, 2021): 61–66. https://doi.org/10.52326/jes.utm.2021.28(1).05.

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This paper reports on the influence of the asymmetric gain saturation on the dynamics of InGaAsP Fabry-Perot lasers. The results are obtained by numerical simulations of multimode rate equations. The gain saturation effects that results in competition phenomena among lasing modes are investigated. A hopping multimode case is examined in detail. With means of the bifurcation analysis the regions with instabilities in the evolution of the mode intensities have been found. The following operation in the plane of two parameters are obtained: stable single mode, stable multimode, bistabile, and multimode hopping. The pulse traces of amplitudes of modes are plotted to illustrate the observed behaviors. Finally, the influence of linewidth enhancement Henry factor on the laser behavior is investigated.

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16

Sheval, V. V., and A. I. Kimyaev. "STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS OF ON-BOARD MULTIMODE AUTO TRACKING SYSTEM." Vestnik komp'iuternykh i informatsionnykh tekhnologii, no. 204 (June 2021): 3–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.14489/vkit.2021.06.pp.003-011.

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Two variants of two-channel structures of tracking systems has been introduced into consideration, which are sequentially used in two modes of operation of the on-board automatic tracking system. Taking into account the fact of quantization according to the level of signals for measuring the angles of mismatch of each of the channels, it is justified to use not one, but two different structures in the second auto-tracking mode. Using mathematical modeling, the expediency of increasing the number of two-channel structures from two to three, used in a single auto-tracking process according to the criterion of the provided dynamic accuracy, have been demonstrated. This paper presents a two-channel structures investigation for tracking systems operating in tracking mode of maneuverable targets, taking into account various systems of carrier operations. Considered multichannel complex control system (CCS) structure that include precise channel (PC) and coarse channel (CC). CC use the carrier and the flight control system (FCS) to make rude tracking. The PC function implemented by an optoelectronic device (OED) has placed in a traditional angular mechanical suspension, which act with high accuracy. Described three CCS operation modes classified by target mark fall inside or outside direction finder (DF) CC or PC field of view. At the capture mode can be used only information from the CC DF. At the complex control mode becomes possible to use information from both CC DF and PC DF. At the precision mode, it is advisable to use information only from the PC DF. Developed CCS functioning math model to check main points of this work. Math model makes possible to carry out simulation tests for each mode in a separate operation, as well as when they are integrated into a single complex automatic target tracking mode. Has been described efficiency factor as the total time of satisfactory accuracy relative to entire experiment time. On math model modes efficiency has compared to each other. As result precision mode have higher efficiency and capture mode lowest. As conclusion recommended use a precision mode to achieve higher accuracy at auto tracking tasks.

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17

Shubham, Yadnik, and Tiwari Shruti. "Simulation of hybrid electrical vehicle charging station in multimode operation." i-manager's Journal on Power Systems Engineering 9, no. 4 (2022): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.26634/jps.9.4.18692.

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The use of electric vehicles is growing very rapidly, and more and more people are switching to electric vehicles as the problem of air pollution has become a concern in most parts of the world. In addition, the spike in fuel prices around the world has prompted people to opt for an alternative vehicle option other than conventional Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) vehicles. But as the number of electric vehicles increases, the need to install charging stations on a very large scale also increases. The main problem with conventional grid-based charging stations is that they increase the load on the main grid and affect the power quality of the local distribution network. This paper discusses the modeling and simulation of a hybrid electric vehicle charging station operating in multi-mode (i.e., grid-connected or Grid Power Connected Mode (GPCM) and solar-powered or Solar Power Connected Mode (SPCM). The Electric Vehicle (EV) charge controller automatically switches between GPCM and SPCM. With this hybrid electric vehicle charging station model, renewable energy can be integrated with the main grid to improve the efficiency and reliability of the electric vehicle charging station, so the Electric Vehicle Charging Station (EVCS) hybrid model can help to expand the electric vehicle charging network on a large scale. The simulation was performed using MATLAB 2016.

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18

Falaleev, S. V., and D. S. Lezhin. "Simulation of Operation of Contacting Face Seals for Multimode Turbomachinery." Trenie i Iznos 42, no. 4 (2021): 400–410. http://dx.doi.org/10.32864/0202-4977-2021-42-4-400-410.

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19

Szczepanski, P. "Semiclassical theory of multimode operation of a distributed feedback laser." IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics 24, no. 7 (1988): 1248–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/3.961.

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20

Yee, W. M., and K. A. Shore. "Multimode analysis of self locked FM operation in laser diodes." IEE Proceedings J Optoelectronics 140, no. 1 (1993): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ip-j.1993.0004.

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21

Koplow, Jeffrey P., Dahv A. V. Kliner, and Lew Goldberg. "Single-Transverse-Mode Operation of a Coiled Multimode Fiber Amplifier." Optics and Photonics News 11, no. 12 (2000): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/opn.11.12.000021.

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22

Koplow, Jeffrey P., Dahv A. V. Kliner, and Lew Goldberg. "Single-Transverse-Mode Operation of a Coiled Multimode Fiber Amplifier." Optics and Photonics News 11, no. 12 (2000): 21_1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/opn.11.12.0021_1.

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23

Zhang, Yanxin. "Multimode operation in an optical/digital neuroprocessor with 1024 neurons." Optical Engineering 35, no. 8 (1996): 2132. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/1.600793.

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24

Wang, Zhaojing, Ying Zheng, and David Shan-Hill Wong. "Trajectory-based operation monitoring of transition procedure in multimode process." Journal of Process Control 96 (December 2020): 67–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jprocont.2020.09.008.

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25

Guo, Jin, Ran Zhang, Xiaochun Cui, Weitong Ma, and Luping Zhao. "Multimode Wind Tunnel Flow Field System Monitoring Based on KPLS." Processes 11, no. 1 (2023): 178. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr11010178.

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In a wind tunnel process, Mach number is the most important parameter. However, it is difficult to measure directly, especially in the multimode operation process, leading to difficulty in process monitoring. Thus, it is necessary to measure the Mach number indirectly by utilizing data-driven methods, and based on which, to monitor the operation status of the wind tunnel process. In this paper, therefore, a multimode wind tunnel flow field system monitoring strategy is proposed. Since the wind tunnel system is a strongly nonlinear system, the kernel partial least squares method, which can efficiently handle the nonlinear regression problem, is utilized. Firstly, the Mach number is predicted utilizing the kernel partial least squares method. Secondly, process monitoring statistics, i.e., the Hotelling T2 statistic and the square prediction error, the SPE statistic, and their control limits, are proposed to be applied to monitor the wind tunnel process on the basis of the prediction of the Mach number. Finally, the Mach number prediction and monitoring strategy are applied to a real process, where mode analysis and division is necessary. After mode division, the single-mode and multimode processes are modeled and predicted, respectively, and both the single-mode and multimode processes are monitored online. Satisfactory results were achieved compared with those of the partial least squares method.

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26

Hu, Yuhang, Zihao Yang, Nuo Chen, et al. "3 × 40 Gbit/s All-Optical Logic Operation Based on Low-Loss Triple-Mode Silicon Waveguide." Micromachines 13, no. 1 (2022): 90. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi13010090.

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Information capacity of single-mode fiber communication systems face fundamental limitations imposed by optical nonlinearities. Spatial division multiplexing (SDM) offers a new dimension for upgrading fiber communication systems. Many enabling integrated devices, such as mode multiplexers and multimode bending with low crosstalk, have been developed. On the other hand, all-optical signal processing (AOSP) can avoid optical to electrical to optical (O–E–O) conversion, which may potentially allow for a low cost and green operation for large-scale signal processing applications. In this paper, we show that the system performance of AOSP can be pushed further by benefiting from the existing technologies developed in spatial mode multiplexing (SDM). By identifying key technologies to balance the impacts from mode-dependent loss, crosstalk and nonlinearities, three-channel 40 Gbit/s optical logic operations are demonstrated using the first three spatial modes in a single multimode waveguide. The fabricated device has a broadband four-wave mixing operation bandwidth (>20 nm) as well as high conversion efficiency (>−20 dB) for all spatial modes, showing the potential for a large-scale signal processing capacity with the combination of wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) and SDM in the future.

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27

Fan, Yunlong, Peng Zhang, Yuzhu Ning, Yang Liu, Jia Wei, and Shoufeng Tong. "All-fiber low threshold tunable multimode Q-switched mode locked fiber laser using a few mode Er-doped fiber." Laser Physics 33, no. 5 (2023): 055103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1555-6611/acc241.

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Abstract We report an all-fiber low threshold (70 mW) multimode Q-switched mode-locked (QML) fiber laser at 1.5 μ m. Nonlinear polarization rotation and a few mode Er-doped fiber (FM-EDF) were both adopted to achieve a low threshold QML operation initially, and the later experimental results showed and verified that the FM-EDF was the key factor of the QML pulses generation. A multimode QML state at 70 mW pump power was obtained with an 18 μs Q-switched pulse width and a 7.41 kHz repetition rate. The repetition rate and pulse width of the mode-locked pulses within the Q-switched envelope were 16.9 MHz and ∼910 ps respectively. The multimode QML fiber laser can be turned from 1561.8 nm to 1575.1 nm owing to the multimode interference and the fiber birefringence filtering effect. The QML pulses with dual-wavelength and three-wavelength were also observed by manipulating the polarization controllers and increasing the pump power. The experimental results showed that multimode QML pulses can be achieved with a short FM-EDF at a lower pump power in an all-fiber multimode cavity. The generated low threshold and tunable QML multimode fiber laser has potential application in measuring and mode-division multiplexed system.

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28

Geng, Stefan, Andreas Meier, and Thomas Schulte. "Model-Based Optimization of a Plug-In Hybrid Electric Powertrain with Multimode Transmission." World Electric Vehicle Journal 9, no. 1 (2018): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/wevj9010012.

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Plug-in hybrid electric vehicles are developed in order to reduce the fuel consumption and the emission of carbon dioxide. Besides the series, parallel and power split configurations are commonly used for conventional hybrid electric vehicles, and multimode transmissions are used for plug-in hybrid electric vehicles, which are able to switch between different modes like parallel or series operation of the combustion engine and electric motor. Several concepts have already been discussed and presented. These concepts comprise novel structures and multi-speed operation for the combustion engine and the electric motor, respectively. For improving the fuel and energy consumption, model-based optimizations of multimode transmissions are performed. In the first step of the optimization, the optimal number of gears and transmission ratios, as well as the corresponding fuel and energy savings, are estimated. Based on these results, a new multimode transmission concept with two-speed transmissions for the combustion engine and the electric motor has been developed. The knowledge of the concrete concept enables the further optimizations of the transmission ratios and the transmission control. In order to prove the benefit of the new and optimized transmission concept, powertrain simulations have been carried out. The new powertrain concept is compared to a powertrain concept with single-speed transmissions for the internal combustion engine (ICE) and electric motor operation. The new transmission concept enables a significant improvement of the fuel consumption.

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29

Huang, Bin, and Ying Huang. "Multimode Intelligent Control Based on Multidata Fusion Filtering in High-Speed Train Traffic Signal and Control." Journal of Sensors 2021 (May 31, 2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6081999.

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As the speed of high-speed trains continues to increase, the intelligent monitoring of high-speed trains has become a concern of people. This research mainly discusses the application of multimode intelligent control of multidata fusion filtering in high-speed train traffic signal and control. In multimodal intelligent control, BangBang, PI control, adaptive fuzzy PID control, and expert monitoring control under special circumstances can be used, respectively, according to the error and the rate of change of the error, which can achieve the best control effect under safe conditions. Take the allowable speed of ATP as the target speed of the control system, and combine the operation process, operation requirements, traction characteristics, braking characteristics of high-speed trains, and meet the two conditions for improving the operating efficiency of high-speed trains. According to the dynamic expected speed value of high-speed trains, dynamically adjust the switching threshold. This study uses a pulse signal generator to simulate the speed data of the vehicle speed sensor (all pulse data), and then read the speed (pulse) signal data through the pulse signal acquisition card, and display the simulated speed data under the Kingview software. The monitoring computer is used to collect train speed information, display speed information, manage speed information, and output speed information. Then, through OPC technology, the simulation speed data is transmitted to MATLAB software for multidata fusion filtering processing and multimodal control simulation. In the simulation process, the train adopts a multimodal intelligent control response scheme, with a total time of 2183.7 s, which is shortened by 214.5 s and improved by nearly 10%. The multimode intelligent control scheme of multidata fusion filtering proposed in this study can better meet the control of high-speed train traffic signals.

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30

Falaleev, S. V., and D. S. Lezhin. "Simulation of the Operation of Contact Face Seals for Multimode Turbomachinery." Journal of Friction and Wear 42, no. 4 (2021): 256–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3103/s106836662104005x.

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31

Zhong, Xianjiang, He-Xiu Xu, Lei Chen, Wentao Li, Hao Wang, and Xiaowei Shi. "An FSS-Backed Broadband Phase-Shifting Surface Array With Multimode Operation." IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 67, no. 9 (2019): 5974–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tap.2019.2916747.

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32

Zhou, Junhe, and Philippe Gallion. "Operation Principles for Optical Switches Based on Two Multimode Interference Couplers." Journal of Lightwave Technology 30, no. 1 (2012): 15–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jlt.2011.2177812.

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33

Korotkov, V. A., V. V. Likhanskiĭ, and A. P. Napartovich. "Modeling of multimode operation of a laser with an unstable resonator." Soviet Journal of Quantum Electronics 20, no. 7 (1990): 820–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1070/qe1990v020n07abeh006984.

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34

Cheng, D. L., E. C. Liu, and T. C. Yen. "Single Transverse Mode Operation of a Self-Seeded Commercial Multimode VCSEL." IEEE Photonics Technology Letters 16, no. 1 (2004): 278–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lpt.2003.819388.

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35

Chub, Andrii, Dmitri Vinnikov, Oleksandr Korkh, Tanel Jalakas, and Galina Demidova. "Wide-Range Operation of High Step-Up DC-DC Converters with Multimode Rectifiers." Electronics 10, no. 8 (2021): 914. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10080914.

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This paper discusses the essence and application specifics of the multimode rectifiers in high step-up DC-DC converters. It presents an overview of existing multimode rectifiers. Their use enables operation in the wide input voltage range needed in highly demanding applications. Owing to the rectifier mode changes, the converter duty cycle can be restricted to a range with a favorable efficiency. It is shown that the performance of such converters depends on the front-end inverter type. The study considers current- and impedance-source front-end topologies, as they are the most relevant in high step-up applications. It is explained why the full- and half-bridge implementations provide essentially different performances. Unlike the half-bridge, the full-bridge implementation shows step changes in efficiency during the rectifier mode changes, which could compromise the long-term reliability of the converter. The theoretical predictions are corroborated by experimental examples to compare performance with different boost front-end inverters.

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36

Gao, De Quan, Yi Ying Zhang, and Xiang Zhen Li. "The Internet of Things for Electric Vehicles: Wide Area Charging-Swap Information Perception, Transmission and Application." Advanced Materials Research 608-609 (December 2012): 1560–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.608-609.1560.

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Electric vehicle (EV) is an emerging type of mobile intelligent power consumption device and energy storage terminal in Smart Grid. In order to solve automation and intelligence support problem for wide area electric vehicles charging-swap services, we make full use of technology. we analyze practical demands of electric vehicle charging-swap networks operation service scenarios and define the Internet of Things (IoT) architecture for electric vehicles for wide area unified operations and monitoring management in this paper. Then, we design a perception integration model for battery packs real-time information collection in mobile scenes. We also present a multimode collaborative communications method to implement large scale interconnection and intercommunication among electric vehicles, charging-swap devices and operation center. Finally we develop operations and monitoring platform demo for cross-regional electric vehicle charging-swap networks management using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA).

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37

Trawi, Firas, Jakub Drs, Michael Müller, et al. "Ultrafast Yb:CALGO laser oscillator based on cross-polarization pumping with a cost-efficient multi-mode diode." EPJ Web of Conferences 287 (2023): 08003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202328708003.

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We demonstrate a multimode diode-pumped Yb:CALGO laser oscillator based on bandwidth-optimized cross-polarization pumping targeting sub-30-fs operation. In our first proof of principle experiment we achieved mode-locked operation at 83 MHz repetition rate with 0.4 W of average power and a 33-nm-bandwidth optical spectrum supporting sub-40-fs pulses. This concept offers a simple and cost-efficient alternative to green-pumped Ti:sapphire lasers.

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38

Wang, Ping, Yu Shao, Dong Huang, and Muhammad Abdul Basit. "A Compact Coupled-Fed Loop Antenna for Mobile LTE Smartphones." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2018 (2018): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/8426574.

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A coupled-fed loop antenna with Octa-bands operation for long-term evolution (LTE) smartphones is proposed in this paper. The antenna occupies a nonground space of only 6.5 mm × 72 mm, and two wide-band operations can be achieved by exploiting the multimode characteristics of loop antenna and using high-pass matching circuits. In low band, the LTE700/GSM850/900 operation is achieved by the loop mode of 0.5 λ and matching chip capacitor which generates a dual-resonance mode at 0.74 GHz and 0.9 GHz. In high band, the 1 λ mode, the 1.5 λ mode, and the 2 λ mode of the entire loop are combined with the 0.5 λ mode of the left-side coupling loop to cover the DCS1800/PCS1900/UMTS 2100/LTE 2300/2500 operation bands. The measured average realized gains and efficiencies are approximately 1.56 dBi/2.38 dBi and 55.3%/63.6% in the two bands, and a good radiation pattern is achieved as well.

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39

Pongsayaporn, Pimnapa, Thanwadee Chinda, and Veeris Ammarapala. "Key Factors Influencing Multimodal Transportation of Natural Block Rubber in Thailand." MATEC Web of Conferences 312 (2020): 02008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202031202008.

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Thailand is the world’s largest natural rubbers exporter. The major type of natural rubbers exported is block rubber. Currently, the transportation of natural rubbers in Thailand depends mainly on truck mode because of the convenience and extensive network of roads. However, Thailand confronts road transportation limitations including maximum acceptable weight, traffic congestion and high fuel prices. Dealing with these problems, the multimodal connection from roads to container yards (CY) and ports is expected to decrease logistics cost, and increase various opportunities to trade with neighbouring countries. This paper, thus, aims at examining key factors influencing the use of multimodal transportation utilizing the exploratory factor analysis (EFA). The principal components analysis (PCA) method, together with the eigenvalue over 1, factor loading of 0.40, and varimax rotation method, extracted five key factors with a total of 20 associated attributes, which are the Multimodal Operation, Service Operation, Multimodal Service Provider, Market Consideration, and Road Constraints factors. The result also pinpoints the capacity of container yard (CY) or port, accessibility to container yard (CY) or port, documentation process, logistics cost, adequacy of a multimode service provider, and law enforcement on truck driving hours, as crucial attributes in planning for multimodal transportation. This paper can be used as a guideline for a feasibility study of multimodal transportation of natural block rubber in Thailand.

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Tong, Zheng Rong, Yang Guo, Xiu Feng Yang, and Ye Cao. "Simultaneous Measurement of Temperature and Refractive Index Using a Fiber Bragg Grating and a Multimode Fiber." Applied Mechanics and Materials 130-134 (October 2011): 4053–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.130-134.4053.

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We introduce an all-fiber sensor capable of simultaneous measurement of temperature and refractive index (RI). The sensor system consists of a single mode fiber Bragg grating (FBG) and a single-mode-multimode-single-mode (SMS) structure which serves as a Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI), and the multimode fiber (MMF) is etched by hydrofluoric acid solution. The experimental results demonstrate that the temperature sensitivities of FBG and MZI are 0.016nm/°C and 0.093nm/°C, respectively, and the RI sensitivity of MZI achieves 226.25nm/RIU. The interesting properties of the sensor include compact size, high sensitivity and good operation linearity.

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Ge, Zhiqiang, Xingyi Li, Siqi Li, Mulong Liu, Jinhai Si, and Lingxuan Zhang. "On-chip polarization beam splitter with multimode operation in a SOI waveguide." Japanese Journal of Applied Physics 58, no. 1 (2018): 010905. http://dx.doi.org/10.7567/1347-4065/aaef92.

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Adam, J. P., and M. Romier. "Design Approach for Multiband Horn Antennas Mixing Multimode and Hybrid Mode Operation." IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 65, no. 1 (2017): 358–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tap.2016.2623658.

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Mandumpala Devassy, B., S. Bakshi, and A. Ramesh. "A new injector concept for multimode operation in gasoline direct injection engines." International Journal of Engine Research 15, no. 5 (2013): 626–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1468087413501315.

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Connally, William J., and Richard G. Morton. "Modification of a krypton ion pumped dye laser for selected multimode operation." Applied Optics 29, no. 6 (1990): 763. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ao.29.000763.

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Costanzo, Sandra, Giuseppe Di Massa, Antonio Costanzo, et al. "Multimode/Multifrequency Low Frequency Airborne Radar Design." Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering 2013 (2013): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/857530.

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This work deals with the design of multimode/multifrequency airborne radar suitable for imaging and subsurface sounding. The system operates at relatively low frequencies in the band ranging from VHF to UHF. It is able to work in two different modalities: (i) nadir-looking sounder in the VHF band (163 MHz) and (ii) side-looking imager (SAR) in the UHF band with two channels at 450 MHz and 860 MHz. The radar has been completely designed by CO.Ri.S.T.A. for what concerns the RF and the electronic aspect, and by the University of Calabria for what concerns the design, realization, and test of SAR antennas. The radar has been installed on a civil helicopter and its operation has been validated in flight in both sounder and imager modality. Preliminary surveys have been carried out over different areas of Campania region, South Italy.

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Wang, Zhi, Jian-Xin Wang, Shi-Jin Shuai, Yan-Jun Wang, Guo-Hong Tian, and Xin-Liang An. "Study of Multimode Combustion System With Gasoline Direct Injection." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 129, no. 4 (2006): 1079–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2718221.

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In this paper, a multimode combustion system was developed in a gasoline direct injection engine. A two-stage fuel-injection strategy, including flexible injection timings and flexible fuel quantity, is adopted as a main means to form desired mixture in the cylinder. The combustion system can realize five combustion modes. The homogeneous charge spark ignition (HCSI) mode was used at high load to achieve high-power output density; stratified charge spark ignition (SCSI) was adopted at intermediate load to get optimum fuel economy; stratified charge compression ignition (SCCI) was introduced at transient operation between SI and CI mode. Homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) was utilized at part load to obtain ultralow emissions. Reformed charge compression ignition (RCCI) was imposed at low load to extend the HCCI operation range. In SI mode, the stratified concentration is formed by introducing a second fuel injection in the compression stroke. This kind of stratified mixture has a faster heat release than the homogeneous mixture and is primarily optimized to reduce the fuel consumption. In CI mode, the cam phase configurations are switched from positive valve overlap to negative valve overlap (NVO). The test results reveal that the CI combustion is featured with a high gradient pressure after ignition and has advantages in high thermal efficiency and low NOx emissions over SI combustion at part load.

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Duan, Huiming, and Xinping Xiao. "A Multimode Dynamic Short-Term Traffic Flow Grey Prediction Model of High-Dimension Tensors." Complexity 2019 (June 3, 2019): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/9162163.

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Short-term traffic flow prediction is an important theoretical basis for intelligent transportation systems, and traffic flow data contain abundant multimode features and exhibit characteristic spatiotemporal correlations and dynamics. To predict the traffic flow state, it is necessary to design a model that can adapt to changing traffic flow characteristics. Thus, a dynamic tensor rolling nonhomogeneous discrete grey model (DTRNDGM) is proposed. This model achieves rolling prediction by introducing a cycle truncation accumulated generating operation; furthermore, the proposed model is unbiased, and it can perfectly fit nonhomogeneous exponential sequences. In addition, based on the multimode characteristics of traffic flow data tensors and the relationship between the cycle truncation accumulated generating operation and matrix perturbation to determine the cycle of dynamic prediction, the proposed model compensates for the periodic verification of the RSDGM and SGM grey prediction models. Finally, traffic flow data from the main route of Shaoshan Road, Changsha, Hunan, China, are used as an example. The experimental results show that the simulation and prediction results of DTRNDGM are good.

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Ginzburg, N. S., A. K. Kaminsky, A. A. Kaminsky, et al. "Single-mode and multimode operation conditions in JINR-IAP millimeter-wave FEL-oscillator." IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science 26, no. 3 (1998): 542–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/27.700789.

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Kang, Daehyun, Daekyu Yu, Kyoungjoon Min, et al. "A Highly Efficient and Linear Class-AB/F Power Amplifier for Multimode Operation." IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques 56, no. 1 (2008): 77–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tmtt.2007.911967.

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Griebner, U., and H. Schönnagel. "Laser operation with nearly diffraction-limited output from a Yb:YAG multimode channel waveguide." Optics Letters 24, no. 11 (1999): 750. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ol.24.000750.

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