Journal articles: 'Multinational Oil Companies'

1

Jian, Sanqiang. "Multinational oil companies and the spratly dispute." Journal of Contemporary China 6, no. 16 (November 1997): 591–601. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10670569708724298.

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Eweje, Gabriel. "Multinational oil companies' CSR initiatives in Nigeria." Managerial Law 49, no. 5/6 (September 18, 2007): 218–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/03090550710841340.

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Mbalisi, Onyeka Festus, and Christiana Uzoaru Okorie. "Implementation of Corporate Social Responsibility by Oil Companies in the Niger Delta Region of Nigeria: Myth or Reality." African Research Review 14, no. 1 (April 28, 2020): 119–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/afrrev.v14i1.11.

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Niger Delta region of Nigeria is a home to many multinational oil companies with different packages of corporate social responsibility (CSR) because of its huge natural resource reserve especially of oil and gas. The CSR packages are designed to address social, economic and environmental concerns of the indigenes of the Niger Delta region, arising from the oil and gas operations of the multinational oil companies. The operational activities of the oil companies over the years have led to the degradation of the Niger Delta environment with consequent loss of livelihood sources, thereby triggering protests and other violent activities in the region. The paper identified and analysed the indices of the components of the CSR (social, economic and environmental components) packages using results-based management framework to determine the impacts of the CSR projects and programmes on the people. The analysis revealed that multinational oil companies release funds from a philanthropic perspective for the execution of some social development projects/programmes, but these projects/programmes do not address the welfare and livelihood needs of the people. This means that the multinational oil companies operating in the region create an illusion of compliance with social development and responsibility rules. The paper linked these unfortunate situations (environmental degradation, insecurity, poverty, unemployment, etc) found in the region today to failure of CSR implementation due to corruption, insincerity and philanthropic approach of the oil companies and regard it as injustice to the people of Niger Delta. It therefore concluded that CSR implementation in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria is a myth and as a result recommended that Multinational oil companies should therefore incorporate the people of the Niger Delta into the oil economy by enlisting household heads into the payroll system of the multinational oil companies as well as engage sincerely in projects that will lead to the development of the region, if protests and other violent activities in the region must stop. Key Words: Implementation, Corporate social responsibility, Environmental Resources, Niger Delta, Multinational Oil Companies

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Madureira, Nuno Luís. "Squabbling Sisters: Multinational Companies and Middle East Oil Prices." Business History Review 91, no. 4 (2017): 681–706. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007680517001398.

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This article examines the historical emergence of the Middle East oil-pricing system. The collapse of the Gulf-plus system, combined with outstanding discoveries of new reservoirs across the Arabian Peninsula and Persia, awoke latent competitive forces within the oligopolistic oil industry. After World War II, business differences regarding vertical integration, market priorities, and global competition worsened existing fractures among the multinational oil companies generally referred to as “the seven sisters.” The conclusions underscore the role of the “fringe” companies Texaco, Standard of California–Chevron, and Gulf Oil in prompting new price equilibriums for Persian Gulf crude oil.

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Kalu, Timothy C. U., and Eyitayo Labo. "Government pricing policy and multinational oil companies in Nigeria." Resources Policy 20, no. 1 (March 1994): 23–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0301-4207(94)90038-8.

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Serookiy, V. G. "Main financial instruments used by petroleum companies." Scientific notes of the Russian academy of entrepreneurship 20, no. 1 (April 14, 2021): 127–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.24182/2073-6258-2021-20-1-127-135.

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In this article the author considers the key financial instruments used by fuel multinational corporations, which are necessary for financing corporate needs. The structure and dynamics of the share capital of the main players in the domestic oil business market are analyzed. Derivatives are characterized as an essential part of oil trading.

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McConnell, Lee J. "Establishing Liability for Multinational Oil Companies in Parent/Subsidiary Relationships." Environmental Law Review 16, no. 1 (March 2014): 50–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1350/enlr.2014.16.1.203.

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García-Amate, Antonio, Alicia Ramírez-Orellana, and Mª José Muñoz-Torrecillas. "ECONOMIC CONSEQUENCES OF PEAK OIL FOR THE MAJOR MULTINATIONAL OIL AND GAS COMPANIES." Eurasian Journal of Business and Management 6, no. 1 (2018): 23–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.15604/ejbm.2018.06.01.003.

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Abusharaf, Adila. "The legal relationship between multinational oil companies and the Sudan: problems and prospects." Journal of African Law 43, no. 1 (1999): 18–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021855300008706.

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Multinational oil corporations (MNOCs) are a strategically important group of multinational corporations (MNCs). There are now many MNOCs operating in both the private and public sectors with remarkably diverse characters, strategies and objectives. Handling large budgets, revenue and capital, and complex advanced technology, they are responsible for exploration, crude oil production, refining, and distribution. These very capacities enable MNOCs to make a number of positive contributions to the economic growth and development of the developing oil-producing countries in which they operate. In that regard, MNOCs engage extensively in joint marketing operations with their host countries in various parts of the world, and foreign funds injected by MNOCs' operations relieve the shortage of financial capital and make greater production possible.

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Ong, David M. "Regulating environmental responsibility for the multinational oil industry: continuing challenges for international law." International Journal of Law in Context 11, no. 2 (May 12, 2015): 153–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1744552315000051.

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AbstractStates utilise international law to create opportunities within global markets for private transnational economic actors, such as multinational oil companies, to invest and/or operate within foreign jurisdictions. However, there is a lack of directly enforceable international mechanisms against these private actors when they cause environmental damage abroad. International law responses to this problem range from the establishment of international compulsory compensation schemes, the proposed expansion of the doctrine of state responsibility to include liability for private actors, and more recently through litigation in the home states of multinational oil companies. However, both international jurisprudence and US, Dutch and British domestic case-law reveal an ambivalence towards holding such private transnational economic actors legally accountable in their home state jurisdictions for violations committed abroad. Certain states (the US and France) that have suffered environmental damage from the activities of multinational oil companies have responded by reasserting their domestic regulatory powers to require immediate clean up and compensation, prior to domestic judicial litigation. Other states (Nigeria) are unable to achieve the same level of effective enforcement due to their weaker political and economic bargaining positions.

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Sayfutdinova, Leyla, and Ayça Ergun. "Azerbaijani Engineers in the Global Economy: Transnational Professionals Versus “Button-Pushers”." Journal of Developing Societies 34, no. 2 (May 1, 2018): 144–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0169796x18767993.

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This article examines the changes in the engineering profession in Azerbaijan after the inflow of foreign investment into Azerbaijan’s oil industry since 1990s. The integration of Azerbaijan’s oil industry into global economy has led to a significant reshaping of the engineering profession, both within and outside of the oil industry. Multinational companies, which have been the main agents of this integration, have introduced advanced technologies and helped many Azerbaijani engineers to gain access to the international labor market, often serving as credentializing institutions. At the same time, the presence of these multinational companies have also opened the way for new inequalities. They have indirectly created an important division within the engineering profession—a division between internationally mobile engineers from the oil industry and engineers in other industries. Outside of the oil industry, engineering work has in many cases been reduced to routine tasks of assembly and operations, while research, design, and manufacturing were made redundant in the context of the oil-driven development promoted by Azerbaijan’s government.

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12

Anosike, Charles Afam. "Sustainability Practice of a Multinational Oil Company in Nigeria: A Case Study." Journal of Management and Sustainability 7, no. 1 (January 25, 2017): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jms.v7n1p29.

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Environmental degradation and socioeconomic dilemma continue to affect agricultural productivity in the Niger Delta of Nigeria. Several works of literature confirm the high level of pollution and contamination of land and water as a result of over 50 years of oil production in the region. The effects of environmental pollution continue to aggravate the hardship of the local people, which generates development friction, threaten oil operation, and mutually contrive relational efforts, by so invoking mistrust between oil companies and the host communities. Sustainability programs of oil companies often provide the channel to engage and promote community relations from which projects are conceived and executed. Despite sustainability efforts of oil companies, the region continues to experience oil spills and environmental degradation.Hence, the current research explores the sustainability efforts of a multinational oil company to establish whether the company’s leadership makes environmental considerations and to identify possible corrections that could be adopted to achieve sustainable value. For this purpose, the paper employed a single case study approach using open-ended interview sessions in collecting data. Research data were gathered from a sample of 20 experienced sustainability practitioners of the oil company, partnering nonprofit organizations, and community leaders through face-to-face semi-structured interviews. Data were segmented and categorized. The data analysis process revealed several themes regarding the challenges and shortfalls of sustainability programs in the region. The evidence found suggests that implementing a transparent and inclusive sustainability management system is essential to enable a systems view in contemplating sustainability programs. In so doing, oil MNCs leaders could enable effective environmental consideration in their sustainability programs to help reinvigorate productive agriculture and ensure continuing oil operation.

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Nurdavletova, Sanya М., and Zhansaule I. Zharmakhanova. "ANALYSIS OF THE ACTIVITIES OF EUROPEAN OIL AND GAS TNC IN CENTRAL ASIA." Society and Security Insights 3, no. 4 (December 29, 2020): 32–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.14258/ssi(2020)4-02.

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The article discusses aspects of cooperation in the oil sector of multinational companies representing the interests of European Union countries. In the context of the economic crisis, the impossibility of OPEC + to regulate oil prices and the volume of its production, it is difficult to make forecasts of further economic cooperation. The coronavirus pandemic has shown that, contrary to the interests of globalization, national economies must remain self-sufficient. In our opinion, in the future, the legal regime for the presence of multinational companies in the interests of national economies will be revised. The Energy Charter of 1991, depriving the Central Asian countries of the right to judicial protection, the oil economic crisis will lead to a severe crisis in the oil sector. The geopolitical confrontation between Russia and the United Arab Emirates against the United States creates a new balance of forces that will affect the development of the Central Asian direction of the European Union’s foreign policy as the basis for energy security.

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14

Sulaie, Saleh Al, and Eui H. Park. "Predicting Safety Performance using Safety Culture Assessment in Oil/Gas Multinational Companies." IARJSET 5, no. 8 (August 30, 2018): 79–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.17148/iarjset.2018.589.

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15

Oyindamola.O, Oyewole, Osimen Goddy Uwa, Akinwunmi Adeboye, and Anegbode E. John. "The Role of Multinational Oil Companies (MNOCs) and Militancy in Niger Delta." International Journal of Humanities and Social Science 5, no. 4 (July 25, 2018): 41–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.14445/23942703/ijhss-v5i4p109.

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16

Niosi, Jorge. "La multinationalisation des pétrolières canadiennes." L'Actualité économique 60, no. 1 (February 9, 2009): 106–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/601279ar.

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ABSTRACT Canadian foreign direct investment in the oil and gaz industry has been growing at a very rapid pace during the seventies and early eighties. Traditionnally oriented towards the United States, it is now flowring towards the United Kingdom and other North Sea Countries, the Mediterranean, Indonesia and Australia. Increasing oil prices and profits, mainly in international operations, explain the growth of many Canadian independent. These international firms are not already truly multinationals: they produce oil and/or gaz in two to four countries, but the extent of their exploration and development activities is leading them towards a more global activity. The article is organized into three sections. In the first section the patterns of ownership and control in the Canadian industry is shown, including the emergence of local companies and the "Canadianization" process of the seventies; in the second one, the multinational expansion of Canadian firms is analyzed using agregate data; in the final section the main results are summarized and some forecasts are made on the future evolution of Canada emerging oil multinationals.

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17

Khalid, Halimahtun M., and Martin G. Helander. "Ergonomics Collaboration in the Oil and Gas Industry in Southeast Asia." Ergonomics in Design: The Quarterly of Human Factors Applications 20, no. 4 (October 2012): 34–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1064804612455638.

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Global workplaces and multinational organizations in the oil and gas industry have created an environment in which human factors/ergonomics professionals collaborate to solve office ergonomics and process control design problems for clients. The demand for ergonomics expertise is growing, but the supply of certified ergonomists is limited. The situation is acute in Southeast Asia (SEA), given the lack of ergonomics awareness, training, and certification. We present three challenges that required ergonomics interventions and collaboration among ergonomists. Two of the projects involved multinational companies operating in SEA and one, a national company with global operations.

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18

ADEBANJOKO, ANGELA AJODO. "How Multinational Oil Companies and Corrupt Niger Delta Elites Underdeveloped the Niger Delta Region." Journal of Management and Science 1, no. 2 (June 30, 2013): 250–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.26524/jms.2013.31.

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This study is on the role played by Multinational Oil Companies (MNOCs) and Niger Delta elites in the underdevelopment of the Niger Delta region of Nigeria. The study adopts a descriptive approach drawing data mainly from secondary data such as books, articles in newspapers, journals, internet etc. The study found that the Niger Delta region is endowed with natural resources. Among this is crude oil which is the mainstay of the Nigerian economy.Despite this oil wealth however, the region is largely underdeveloped. Poverty, massive unemployment, absence of safe drinking water, filth and squalor, lack of access to health care,education and housing among others are some of the features of the region. The problem of underdevelopment in the Niger Delta was traced to MNOCs and Niger Delta elites. The paper therefore argues that oil exploration activities of MNOCs such as gas flares and oil spills which have resulted in environmental degradation have deprived the people of the region their means of livelihood while corrupt practices of Niger Delta elites who embezzle funds meant fordevelopment have been responsible for the underdevelopment of the region. The study recommends among others the need for MNOCs to compensate the people for years of environmental degradation while Niger Delta elites found guilty of embezzlement while in office should be sent to jail.

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Legionosuko, Tri, and Mhd Halkis. "Social Investment Management of PT. Chevron Pacific Indonesia in the framework of National Defense." Technium Social Sciences Journal 16 (February 10, 2021): 331–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.47577/tssj.v16i1.2456.

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Ethics in a multinational company environment is related to business problems, but the position of corporate partnership determines sustainable companies. The study aims to integrate the concept of social investment (SI) with state defense in multinational mining companies' environment. Social Investment (SI) business ethics as part of Corporate Citizenship (CC) has a different concept base. CSR for companies is an honest effort for companies towards the surrounding community. Whereas the State Defense is a political concept of the State that regulates citizens' rights and obligations in defending the country. The ethnographic method can combine the CSR and State Defense models in the multinational company oil mine environment. Chevron Pacific Indonesia Inc.'s CSR in international companies is called Social Investment (SI) has a dilemma; because CSR is seen as a long-term corporate interest, on the other hand, the regional Government distributes a small portion of profits to the surrounding community. After analyzing PT Chevron Pacific Indonesia's CSR and the Regional Government's strategy in realizing public welfare in the context of state defense, researchers can formulate the Corporate Citizenship (CC) as the State Defense CSR model.

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Rosenblum, Peter. "Pipeline Politics in Chad." Current History 99, no. 637 (May 1, 2000): 195–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/curh.2000.99.637.195.

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Chad has come to the center of international attention as the World Bank, international oil companies, and NGOs struggle over the development of the country's oil reserves.… The results will affect not only Chad's future but also the future of other countries dealing with issues of accountability and development in the face of multinational corporations and world financial institutions.

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FRYNAS, JEDRZEJ GEORGE. "The false developmental promise of Corporate Social Responsibility: evidence from multinational oil companies." International Affairs 81, no. 3 (May 2005): 581–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2346.2005.00470.x.

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22

Idowu, Amos Adeoye. "Human Rights, Environmental Degradation and Oil Multinational Companies in Nigeria: The Ogoniland Episode." Netherlands Quarterly of Human Rights 17, no. 2 (June 1999): 161–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/092405199901700204.

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Oghojafor, Ben E. Akpoyomare, and Samuel Emeka Mbah. "Influence of HR Practices on Autonomy and Control in Selected Upstream Multinational Oil Companies in Nigeria." International Journal of Human Resource Studies 2, no. 4 (October 10, 2012): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ijhrs.v2i4.2517.

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This study addressed the complexities in decision-making on personnel policies and practices in the Multinational companies. The purpose was to examine the influence of human resource practices on outcome of autonomy and control in the selected Upstream Multinational oil companies in Lagos State, Nigeria. The study adopted a field survey research method with validated and tested reliable instruments, the questionnaire and the interview. The Cronbach’s alpha reliability test of all variables indicated (.876) above the recommended (0.7) cut off point of high reliability statistics. A Random Sampling Technique was adopted for selection of 5 (25.4%) of 22 companies in the Upstream Multinational oil sector as sample population while a total of 300 randomly selected research subjects represented respondents of the present study. The Chi-Square (X2) Test, Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient and the Regression Analysis were statistical tools used with the aid of Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) to test hypotheses. Findings revealed among others that influence of staff resourcing is more on outcome of autonomy and control in the subsidiaries; that when the influence of staff resourcing increases or is extensively established at the headquarters, it’s influence on outcome of autonomy and control also increases in the subsidiaries; that there is a significant direct relationship between outcome of autonomy and control and HR practice(s) which implies that when autonomy increases as a result of a corresponding increase in extensively established HR practice(s), employees gain more satisfaction on the job whereas, when control increases as a result of a corresponding increase in control strategies in HR practices, employees gain less satisfaction on the job. It was however concluded among others that a new policy redirection that is people- oriented be adopted to ensure more employee autonomy and less control in the Upstream MNC subsidiaries in Nigeria. Key Words: Influence, Autonomy, Control, Human Resource Practices, Upstream Multinational, Strategic International Human Resource Management, Nigeria.

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Ukpong, Inibehe George, Mercy Michael Inyeinyang, and Abraham Godwin Ominikari. "SOCIOECONOMIC DISPARITY AND POVERTY PROFILES IN OIL PRODUCING RURAL AREAS IN NIGERIA." Journal of Asian Rural Studies 3, no. 2 (July 11, 2019): 145. http://dx.doi.org/10.20956/jars.v3i2.1905.

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This study examines the disparity in socioeconomic and poverty profiles of people in oil producing rural areas in Nigeria. The study involved a total of 446 respondents selected from fifteen rural communities in the Niger Delta region, where the bulk of Nigeria’s crude oil is produced. Inferences were based on the results from simple descriptive analysis involving percentages and cross tabulations. The results indicate a wide disparity in the socioeconomic characteristics and poverty profiles of people in the study areas. In particular, the results suggest poverty prevalence in oil producing rural areas particularly among farmers, fishermen and young people. The results also suggest an obvious impact of oil and gas extraction on agriculture and other traditional sources of livelihood in the rural areas. Thus, a reduction in environmental pollution would help to improve agriculture and other sources of livelihood of the rural people. The study also encourages government support and increased private sector investment in agriculture in the rural areas, while multinational oil companies are encouraged to promote agricultural development through increased financial support for rural farmers, training of the farmers and funding for agricultural research. In addition, the government and multinational oil companies are encouraged to guarantee efficient wealth distribution, provision of employment and sustainable human empowerment through viable skills acquisition programmes for young people in the rural areas.

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Ovie Ejumudo, Kelly Bryan, and Ogochukwu Harrison Amede. "Oil production and the problematic of water pollution in the Niger Delta: A study of selected communities in Bayelsa State." Research in Social Change 11, no. 3 (September 1, 2019): 68–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/rsc-2019-0015.

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Abstract This study examines the problematic of oil production and water pollution in selected oil-bearing communities in Bayelsa State. The design of the study was descriptive survey. The instrument used for data collection was questionnaire. The data were analyzed using chi-square. The findings of the study revealed that there is a significant relationship between the role of the Nigerian State, multinational oil companies as well as the community leadership and the negative effects of water pollution on the health, occupation/economic and the livelihood standard/poverty level of the people of the oil-bearing communities in Bayelsa State. The study recommended among others that the multi-layered levels of government should formulate and genuinely implement policies that will mitigate the effects of water pollution on the health, economic and livelihood status of the people and the multinational oil conglomerates should be truly committed to integrated policies and strategies that will close the developmental gaps in the Niger Delta Region.

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Ejeh, Odoh Patrick Abutu William Adoyi. "The Niger Delta Avengers (Nda) War Against The Nigeria State & Multinational Oil Companies." IOSR Journal of Humanities and Social Science 22, no. 03 (March 2017): 54–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.9790/0837-2203045463.

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Skjærseth, Jon Birger, and Tora Skodvin. "Climate Change and the Oil Industry: Common Problems, Different Strategies." Global Environmental Politics 1, no. 4 (November 1, 2001): 43–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/152638001317146363.

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The primary focus of most academic climate policy studies has been the robustness of climate science and the development of international negotiations and institutions, in which states, and sometimes societies, have been pinpointed as the key players. Systematic comparative studies of multinational and even global non-governmental actors have been in short supply. This research lacuna is particularly glaring since the position of a major non-state actor—the oil industry—may be crucial to the viability of the climate regime. This analysis shows that there are striking differences in the ways European-based and US-based oil companies have responded to the climate issue—here represented by the Royal Dutch/Shell Group and Exxon Mobil—and that one major source of explanation for this difference is found in the national political contexts of the companies' home-base countries. The importance of political context implies that the conditions for changing oil companies' climate strategies are likely to be located in the political context rather than in the companies themselves.

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Behrends, Andrea. "Fighting for oil when there is no oil yet." Focaal 2008, no. 52 (December 1, 2008): 39–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/fcl.2008.520103.

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The area around the border of Sudan and Chad, where Darfur lies, has been an unimportant and unknown backwater throughout history. Today, however, Darfur is all over the international press. Everybody knows about the grim war there. There is no oil currently in production in Darfur. However, there is oil in the south of neighboring Chad and in Southern Sudan, and there might be oil in Darfur. This article considers a case of fighting for oil when there is no oil yet. It takes into account the role of local actors doing the fighting, that is, the army, rebels, and militias; national actors such as the Sudanese and Chadian governments; and international actors, such as multinational oil companies, the United States, China, and the United Nations. It explains how oil can have disintegrative consequences even when it is still only a rumor about a future possibility.

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Sæverud, Ingvild Andreassen, and Jon Birger Skjærseth. "Oil Companies and Climate Change: Inconsistencies between Strategy Formulation and Implementation?" Global Environmental Politics 7, no. 3 (August 2007): 42–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/glep.2007.7.3.42.

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This article examines major oil companies in terms of climate strategies and their implementation. More specifıcally, it takes a critical look at Shell, BP, and ExxonMobil, and the relationship between rhetoric and action regarding investments in climate-friendly activities. Empirical evidence indicates a generally high degree of consistency between what these companies say and what they do, but interesting differences are also found: ExxonMobil has done somewhat more than its climate strategy formulations would suggest; Shell has done somewhat less; whereas BP's activities are mainly in line with its statements. Factors at three levels contribute to explaining these differences: (1) the company level, 2) the political framework conditions in the various regions where the companies operate, 3) international climate cooperation. The fındings and explanations, although restricted to the three oil companies with regard to climate change, provide insight into the relationship between corporate strategies and implementation more generally. They offer understanding and analytical categories for assessing how well and why such multinational entities put into practice stated objectives.

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Morocco-Clarke, Ayodele. "Holding Operators in the Nigerian Petroleum Industry to a Higher Environmental Standard." Global Energy Law and Sustainability 2, no. 2 (August 2021): 202–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/gels.2021.0056.

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The oil industry drives the Nigerian economy as oil can be credited for most of Nigeria's foreign earnings. The exploration and production activities by operators in the Nigerian oil industry have for numerous decades resulted massive pollution of land, water and air within the jurisdiction of Nigeria and consequently there have been bitter complaints about the degradation of the environment. Though there are scores of legislations, regulations and policies governing the oil industry, it is clear that the multinational oil companies operating in Nigeria do not conduct their operations on the high levels they do in developed countries. However, the problem does not basically lie with the issue of ‘sub-standard’ legislations, but with the fact that the legislations in place are not routinely and uniformly enforced by the regulatory authorities and are often not complied with by the oil companies. This paper examines the twin problems of enforcement and compliance and tries to find a path out of the regulatory quagmire in Nigeria.

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Tjernshaugen, Andreas. "Technological Power as a Strategic Dilemma: CO2 Capture and Storage in the International Oil and Gas Industry." Global Environmental Politics 12, no. 1 (February 2012): 8–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/glep_a_00095.

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This article offers a comparative analysis of the emergence of CO2 capture and storage (CCS) activities and strategies in three multinational oil and gas companies. Exxon/ExxonMobil was first to make plans for a major, pioneering CCS project, but later pursued a relatively cautious strategy. In contrast, BP showed little interest in CCS up until 1997, but from that point on developed a particularly ambitious strategy. Statoil, meanwhile, has been relatively strongly involved in CCS activities for a long time. An explanatory framework with potential for wider application is developed, highlighting how the overall compatibility of CCS with oil and gas industry characteristics created a strategic dilemma for the companies. In explaining their responses, the article emphasizes the process towards institutionalization of CCS as a widely recognized mitigation option, and the three companies' different climate change strategies.

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Ramaswamy, K. V. "Proposal For Supply Chain Concentration In The Traditional MBA Program." American Journal of Business Education (AJBE) 5, no. 4 (July 10, 2012): 469–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/ajbe.v5i4.7125.

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The purpose of this proposal is to develop and implement a concentration in Supply Chain Management in the existing traditional MBA program effective fall 2012. Houston is the hub for many multinational oil and energy companies, large healthcare systems, wholesale/retail businesses, engineering and construction companies, and is a major city along the transportation artery of NAFTA. The program is designed to provide SCM expertise to students in the existing traditional MBA program. The environment for this proposal is the School of Business at Texas Southern University, Houston, Texas 77004.

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Okwelum, C. O. "Resource Curse Thesis: Nigerian Experience of Oil Theft." African Journal of Law, Political Research and Administration 4, no. 1 (May 25, 2021): 70–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.52589/ajlpra-fd6heq0t.

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The emergence of the crime of oil theft and illegal refineries is not sudden but the realization of its negative economic impact on the national economy and the business of multinational oil companies have taken the State and the companies by storm shortly after the Presidential proclamation of amnesty in 2009 was configured to fob-off militancy in the Niger Delta of Nigeria. This paper attempts to address the resource curse of oil theft and illegal refineries in the region from a legal theoretical framework running through the various socio-legal theories through which the crime can be viewed and explained. It panders to the critical theoretical school which attributes the causes mainly to State and multinational oil company failures in infrastructural development and social responsibility commitments to the indigenous minority ethnic communities of the Niger Delta region of Nigeria rather than the orthodox school which blames the militants for ‘greed not grievance’ instincts. It employs the analytical, historical and doctrinal methods in presenting and analyzing its research data and in drawing its conclusions. The paper finds that two major and mutually repugnant tendencies in the explanation of the crime crop up from the research records. The one pursued by State actors which is anti-recognition and vehemently opposed to oil theft and local refineries and which calls for their bombardments and annihilation through the instrumentality of military strike force, JTF, and the other which is purveyed by non-State actors which is pro-oil theft that believes that the best approach ought to be condonation, legal regulation and mainstreaming of the phenomenon as part of an indigenous building block of development. This latter perspective discountenances the employment of brute force in the confrontation of the phenomenon and is thus recommended in this paper.

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Akinola, Adeoye O. "Resource Misgovernance and the Contradictions of Gas Flaring in Nigeria: A Theoretical Conversation." Journal of Asian and African Studies 53, no. 5 (July 28, 2017): 749–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021909617722374.

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Nigeria remains Africa’s largest energy producer and at the same time possesses one of the highest gas flaring rates in the continent. Gas flaring in the Niger Delta region, estimated at 75% of the entire gas produced in Nigeria, highlights the environmental abuse posed by resource extraction, and exposes the failure of successive governments to eliminate the threat it portends to human survival in the oil region. The federal government formally declared gas flaring illegal since 1984, but multinational oil companies continue to treat compliance as a matter of convenience and not of necessity. Despite persistent protests against environmental degradation by the oil-producing communities, the refusal of the oil companies to end gas flaring and complicity of the government remained sources of concern. In the light of these, the study examines the crux of the gas flaring imbroglio, assesses the cost–benefits of gas flaring, and explores how gas emissions to the atmosphere have threatened human existence and ecological sustainability in the Niger Delta oil region. The study reiterates the urgency to enforce a zero-gas-flaring policy in Nigerian oil communities.

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Kalu, Timothy Ch U. "Determining the Impact of Nigeria's Economic Crisis on the Multinational Oil Companies: A Goal Programming Approach." Journal of the Operational Research Society 45, no. 2 (February 1994): 165. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2584123.

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Kalu, Timothy Ch U. "Determining the Impact of Nigeria's Economic Crisis on the Multinational Oil Companies: A Goal Programming Approach." Journal of the Operational Research Society 45, no. 2 (February 1994): 165–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/jors.1994.22.

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Kalu, Timothy Ch U. "Determining the Impact of Nigeria’s Economic Crisis on the Multinational Oil Companies: a Goal Programming Approach." Journal of the Operational Research Society 45, no. 2 (February 1, 1994): 165–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj/jors/0450205.

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Uduji, Joseph I., Elda N. Okolo-Obasi, and Simplice A. Asongu. "Multinational oil companies in Nigeria and corporate social responsibility in the HIV/AIDS response in host communities." Local Environment 24, no. 5 (March 5, 2019): 393–416. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13549839.2019.1585770.

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Owusu, Richard Afriyie, and Terje I. Vaaland. "A business network perspective on local content in emerging African petroleum nations." International Journal of Energy Sector Management 10, no. 4 (November 7, 2016): 594–616. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijesm-06-2014-0006.

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Purpose The paper aims to identify and analyze the actors and their interrelationships in realizing local content objectives in African oil- and gas-producing nations. Design/methodology/approach The paper includes content analysis of relevant research papers and reports within the oil and gas industry, local content and industrial networks published between 2000 and 2014. Findings The study developed a framework that integrates the literature on local content with the industrial network theory. The framework classifies the various critical actors for achieving local content, proposing that achieving local content requires the development of business network links and a resource alignment among local companies and institutions and foreign companies and institutions, in addition to multinational oil companies. Research limitations/implications The framework of this study contributes to an emerging theory on local content by integrating the industrial network theory, which provides specific frameworks for analyzing embedded business environments, along with the previous economic and legal-based studies of local content achievement. Practical implications The way the relevant actors organize their resources and business networks provides potential for local content in an emerging oil and gas industry in Africa. Originality/value The paper is one of the few to integrate studies of local content with the industrial network theory. The literature review provides a summary window of the research on the subject over a 14-year period.

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Pitteloud, Sabine. "Unwanted Attention: Swiss Multinationals and the Creation of International Corporate Guidelines in the 1970s." Business and Politics 22, no. 4 (September 2, 2020): 587–611. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/bap.2020.10.

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AbstractDuring the last decade, we have seen an increased opposition to globalization. Within this wave of criticism, firms and more specifically multinational corporations have been major targets, accused of multiple wrongdoings, such as social dumping, fiscal evasion, job cuts, trade deficits, abuses of power, and environmental damages. In many respects, this debate echoes the one that took place during the 1970s with respect to oil shocks, de-industrialization, and imperialism. At that time, several international organizations, such as the OECD, ECOSOC, ILO, and the European Community started to address the issue of multinationals and international investments, and advocated for the creation of guidelines to regulate their activities. The following paper explores the reactions of Swiss multinationals to these attempts, as well as their strategies for protecting their latitude in conducting business. Relying on archival material of the Swiss Union of Commerce and Industry and of the Federal Archives, this paper shows how the biggest companies in the pharmaceutical, machine, and food processing industries—all of them still being global players —decided to create a task force to deal with these emerging regulations at the international level.

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Da Silva, Jorge Ferreira, Walter Pereira Formosinho, Jorge Manoel Teixeira Carneiro, and Jorge Brantes Ferreira. "Strategic Positioning and Strategic Stability: Does It Matter to Performance?" Revista Ibero-Americana de Estratégia 12, no. 4 (December 1, 2013): 09–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.5585/ijsm.v12i4.2000.

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This study investigates whether oil multinational oil companies (MNCs) have adopted distinct strategic positioning and whether strategic positioning and firm performance are related. Cluster analysis of 50 firms identified 10 strategic types. Although no statistically significant differences were found in expected future performance on an annual basis, there were statistically significant differences in past performance between strategic types in five out of the eight years (2000 – 2007) of the study. Also, averaged over the entire period, some strategic types presented higher expected future performance and some achieved higher past performance. Moreover, stability in strategic positioning – that is, keeping the same strategic positioning for a longer period of time – was also associated with better performance. DOI:10.5585/riae.v12i4.2000

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Koybaev, Boris G. "Oil multinational corporations and national oil and gas companies of the East at the beginning of the XXI century: problems of interaction." Vestnik of North-Ossetian State University, no. 4(2020) (December 25, 2020): 185–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.29025/1994-7720-2020-4-185-189.

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Koybaev, Boris G. "Oil multinational corporations and national oil and gas companies of the East at the beginning of the XXI century: problems of interaction." Vestnik of North-Ossetian State University, no. 4(2020) (December 25, 2020): 185–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.29025/1994-7720-2020-4-185-189.

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Fitzgerald, Edward Peter. "Business Diplomacy: Walter Teagle, Jersey Standard, and the Anglo-French Pipeline Conflict in the Middle East, 1930–1931." Business History Review 67, no. 2 (1993): 207–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3116725.

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British, Dutch, French, and American oil companies set up a multinational consortium in 1928 with a view to dominating petroleum production in the Middle East. Development of the consortium's first oilfield in northern Iraq depended on the construction of a pipeline to the Mediterranean sea-board, but rival great-power ambitions in the region blocked selection of a suitable route. Walter Teagle, president of Standard Oil of New Jersey, devised a compromise that he successfully pressed on both the French government and the chairman of the consortium, Sir John Cadman. Using company records and state papers now available in France, this article explains how Teagle's intervention arose and why it was crucial to the resolution of the Anglo-French pipeline conflict.

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Horlick, Jonathan, Joe Cyr, Scott Reynolds, and Andrew Behrman. "American and Canadian Civil Actions Alleging Human Rights Violations Abroad by Oil and Gas Companies." Alberta Law Review 45, no. 3 (March 1, 2008): 653. http://dx.doi.org/10.29173/alr261.

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Under the United States Alien Tort Statute, which permits non-U.S. citizens to bring lawsuits in U.S. courts for human rights violations that are violations of the law of nations, plaintiffs have filed claims against multinational oil and gas corporations for the direct or complicit commission of such violations carried out by the government of the country in which the corporation operated. In addition to exercising jurisdiction over U.S. corporations, U.S. courts have exercised jurisdiction in cases involving non-U.S. defendants for alleged wrongful conduct against non-U.S. plaintiffs committed outside the U.S.The exercise of jurisdiction by U.S. courts over non-U.S. defendants for alleged wrongful conduct against non-U.S. plaintiffs committed outside of the U.S. raises serious questions as to the jurisdictional foundation on which the power of U.S. courts to adjudicate them rests. Defences that foreign defendants can raise against the exercise of jurisdiction by the U.S. courts are an objection to the extraterritorial assertion of jurisdiction, the act of state doctrine, the political question doctrine, forum non conveniens, and the principle of comity. These defences are bolstered by the support of the defendant’s home government and other governments.

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Umejesi, Ikechukwu, and Michael Thompson. "Fighting elephants, suffering grass: oil exploitation in Nigeria." Journal of Organizational Change Management 28, no. 5 (August 10, 2015): 791–811. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jocm-03-2015-0048.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to understand the interactions of the different actors – the state, multinational oil and gas companies, environmental advocacy groups and local people – in the oil-rich Niger Delta. Design/methodology/approach – The paper draws on interviews, observations and focus group discussions, as well as on archival materials relating to the development of the oil and gas industry during the colonial period (i.e. pre-1960 Nigeria). Findings – A cultural theory-based analysis of the environmental risk perceptions of the different actors reveals a profoundly unconstructive institutional configuration, in which the collusion of two “solidarities – the oil companies (individualism) and the state (hierarchy) – has led to the exclusion of the local communities (egalitarianism) who have found themselves impoverished and marginalised (fatalism). With these two “elephants” – individualism/hierarchy and egalitarianism/fatalism – pitted against each other, it has been the “grass” – the natural environment that has suffered. Practical implications – Giving the local communities a stake in the wealth-creating process, from which they are at present excluded, would shift the pattern of inter-solidarity engagement from one in which two “active” (i.e. non-fatalist) voices silence the third to one in which each voice is able to make itself heard and is then responsive to the others. Originality/value – Innovative and current on under-researched topic and geography. The main fieldwork was conducted between 2007 and 2008, with further field visits and updates between 2009 and 2013.

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AYOOLA, Tajudeen J., and Omoneye O. OLASANMI. "Business Case for Integrated Reporting in the Nigerian Oil and Gas Sector." Issues In Social And Environmental Accounting 7, no. 1 (March 31, 2013): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.22164/isea.v7i1.74.

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The oil and gas sector is the mainstay of the Nigerian economy, accounting for over 95% of its revenue. The study therefore examines the business case for the adoption of Integrated Reporting in the sector. Secondary data<br />were sourced from the annual reports and stand-alone sustainability reports of the six multinational companies operating in the Nigerian oil and gas sector. The results found that efforts to address environmental, social and governance reporting (ESG) were adhoc, short term and unrelated to the core activities of the corporations and as such were not integrated into their business strategies and model. Information on ESG was also duplicated over many medium in a haphazard and distorted form. The study therefore concluded that the introduction of integrated reporting will streamline performance reporting that is in line with international best practice in the sector.

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Schuler, Douglas A. "A club theory approach to voluntary social programs: Multinational companies and the extractive industries transparency initiative." Business and Politics 14, no. 3 (October 2012): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bap-2012-0024.

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This study uses club theory to describe the incentives of extractive industry MNCs to support the Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative (EITI), a multi-stakeholder promoted voluntary social program (VSP) aimed at creating national legislation to make the royalty payments received by governments from mining and oil and gas companies more transparent to the public. We characterize the EITI as a VSP that lacks stringent standards and that has a moderate to high level of enforcement through the national governments that have adopted its principles. According to club theory, VSPs with these characteristics produce only a low to medium level of club benefits, in this case “social branding,” for member firms. Noting that over 60 MNCs have signed on to the EITI as of April 2012, we argue that VSPs offering low to medium club benefits should be most attractive to MNCs from countries with long arm disclosure laws, to MNCs lacking relationships with NGOs seeking inexpensive CSR, to MNCs relying upon financing from institutional and social investors, to MNCs attempting to differentiate themselves from competitors on social criteria, and to MNCs with broad stakeholder-focused top managers. We also describe the implications for MNCs if the EITI were to include a more stringent set of social requirements.

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Cumbers, Andrew, and Suzanne Martin. "Changing relationships between multinational companies and their host regions? A case study of Aberdeen and the international oil industry." Scottish Geographical Journal 117, no. 1 (January 2001): 31–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00369220118737109.

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Escobar, Luis Fernando, and Harrie Vredenburg. "Multinational Oil Companies and the Adoption of Sustainable Development: A Resource-Based and Institutional Theory Interpretation of Adoption Heterogeneity." Journal of Business Ethics 98, no. 1 (August 30, 2010): 39–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10551-010-0534-x.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Multinational Oil Companies'

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