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Basu, Nandita. "Pedestrian route choice behaviour: Influences of built environment on route preference, safety and security." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2022. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/236797/1/Thesis_Nandita%2BBasu_24112022.pdf.
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Built environment factors influence pedestrian route choice behaviour, but their impact is not well known. This thesis investigates the influences of the built environment factors on walking route preference and safety. By using the ‘Physical Activity through Sustainable Transport Approaches’ framework, this research studied the perceptions and preferences of pedestrian route choice in a typical suburban environment in Australia through a stated preference survey. This thesis has established the interrelationship between safety, security, and built environment factors across men and women pedestrians. The findings highlight increasing land-use diversity and providing adequate trees may improve perceived safety and security among pedestrians.
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Nasrin, Sharmin. "Acceptability of Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) to commuters in Dhaka." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2015. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/89770/4/Sharmin_Nasrin_Thesis.pdf.
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This research has made substantial and novel contributions to the body of knowledge by combining mixed, quantitative and qualitative analyses to understand the potential uptake of a proposed Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) system by commuters in a developing country's megacity, using Dhaka, Bangladesh as the case study. The quantitative analysis took a unique approach by dividing the analysis into an exploratory analysis of Revealed Preference (RP) survey data, modelling with RP data and modelling with Preferred Mode Selection (PMS) survey data. The qualitative analysis also made a novel contribution by taking a "lesson drawing" approach from model cities in analysing Dhaka's transport environment.
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Frühwirth-Schnatter, Sylvia, and Rudolf Frühwirth. "Bayesian Inference in the Multinomial Logit Model." Austrian Statistical Society, 2012. http://epub.wu.ac.at/5629/1/186%2D751%2D1%2DSM.pdf.
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The multinomial logit model (MNL) possesses a latent variable
representation in terms of random variables following a multivariate logistic distribution. Based on multivariate finite mixture approximations of the multivariate
logistic distribution, various data-augmented Metropolis-Hastings algorithms are developed for a Bayesian inference of the MNL model.
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Hendricks, Nathan. "Estimating irrigation water demand with a multinomial logit selectivity model." Thesis, Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/326.
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Nagel, Herbert, and Reinhold Hatzinger. "Diagnostics in some Discrete Choice Models." Department of Statistics and Mathematics, WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 1990. http://epub.wu.ac.at/506/1/document.pdf.
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Discrete choice models form a class of models widely used in econometrics for modelling the individual choice from a finite set of alternatives. The most widely used model is the multinomial logit model, implicitly assuming independence of irrelevant alternatives. A generalization is the nested multinomial logit model, relaxing this strong assurnp tion. Viewing both models as nonlinear regression models a set of diagnostics is derived. This includes a hat matrix, measures of leverage, influence and residuals and an approximation to the parameters for case deletion. In an example for the multinomid logit model a good performance of these diagnostics is observed and the parameter approximation by the proposed formula is better than a one step Newton-Raphson procedure. In an example for the nested logit model a constructed outlier with high influence is revealed by the measures of leverage and residual, but the parameter approximation is insufficient. (author's abstract)<br>Series: Forschungsberichte / Institut für Statistik
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Sikder, Sujan. "An Analysis of the Travel Patterns and Preferences of the Elderly." Scholar Commons, 2010. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/3469.
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The number of elderly is increasing; to meet their transportation needs, it is important to clearly understand their travel patterns and preferences. Since travel patterns and preferences depend on socio-demographic and other factors, it is essential to identify these factors first to understand the travel behavior of the elderly. The main purpose of this thesis is to analyze the travel patterns and preferences of the elderly age 65 and above using 2009 National Household Travel Survey (NHTS) data. This thesis presents a detailed descriptive analysis of 2009 NHTS data to understand the travel patterns of the elderly. Along with a descriptive analysis, a multinomial logit model and a mixed- multinomial logit model are estimated to explore the factors associated with the overall travel preferences of the elderly and to identify individuals among the elderly who are the least mobile and at risk for social isolation.
The analysis results indicate the differences in the trip characteristics between the elderly and non-elderly. Variation is found even among the different groups of the elderly. The model estimation results show the presence of different travel preferences among the elderly and identify those individuals among the elderly who are immobile for longer periods (e.g., a week) and at risk for social isolation. Elderly individuals with different travel preferences should be considered separately in research to determine the appropriate outcomes that can help transportation planners and policy makers improve planning and policy related to elderly individuals.
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Choi, Eugene. "Adaptive Reuse of Religious Buildings in the U.S: Determinants of Project Outcomes and the Role of Tax Credits." Cleveland State University / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=csu1276711021.
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ZHANG, LEI, and XI YOU. "The Choice of STIGA Table Tennis Blades : Evidence from China." Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Nationalekonomi, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-4879.
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The purpose of this paper is to investigate how individuals with different characteristics make their choice-decisions when consuming STIGA table tennis blades, which are combinations of various attributes, such as price, control, attack, etc. It is expected that the general trend of choice behavior on this special commodity can be, at least to some extent, revealed. Data were collected using questionnaires sent to registered members of a table tennis club in China. The questionnaires included information and questions about individuals’ monthly income levels, ages, technique styles, etc. A multinomial logit model was then applied to analyze factors determining Chinese consumers’ choice behavior on STIGA table tennis blades. The results indicated that the main element influencing Chinese consumers’ choice of STIGA ping-pong blades was the technique style and other variables did not seem to influence the choice of table tennis blades. These results might be explained by the limited sample size as well as unmeasured and immeasurable factors. Thus, a more extensive research is needed to be conducted in the future.
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Liu, Yulin. "Urban transit quality of service : user perception and behaviour." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2013. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/61517/1/Yulin_Liu_Thesis.pdf.
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Despite its potential multiple contributions to sustainable policy objectives, urban transit is generally not widely used by the public in terms of its market share compared to that of automobiles, particularly in affluent societies with low-density urban forms like Australia. Transit service providers need to attract more people to transit by improving transit quality of service. The key to cost-effective transit service improvements lies in accurate evaluation of policy proposals by taking into account their impacts on transit users. If transit providers knew what is more or less important to their customers, they could focus their efforts on optimising customer-oriented service. Policy interventions could also be specified to influence transit users’ travel decisions, with targets of customer satisfaction and broader community welfare. This significance motivates the research into the relationship between urban transit quality of service and its user perception as well as behaviour.
This research focused on two dimensions of transit user’s travel behaviour: route choice and access arrival time choice. The study area chosen was a busy urban transit corridor linking Brisbane central business district (CBD) and the St. Lucia campus of The University of Queensland (UQ). This multi-system corridor provided a ‘natural experiment’ for transit users between the CBD and UQ, as they can choose between busway 109 (with grade-separate exclusive right-of-way), ordinary on-street bus 412, and linear fast ferry CityCat on the Brisbane River. The population of interest was set as the attendees to UQ, who travelled from the CBD or from a suburb via the CBD. Two waves of internet-based self-completion questionnaire surveys were conducted to collect data on sampled passengers’ perception of transit service quality and behaviour of using public transit in the study area.
The first wave survey is to collect behaviour and attitude data on respondents’ daily transit usage and their direct rating of importance on factors of route-level transit quality of service. A series of statistical analyses is conducted to examine the relationships between transit users’ travel and personal characteristics and their transit usage characteristics. A factor-cluster segmentation procedure is applied to respodents’ importance ratings on service quality variables regarding transit route preference to explore users’ various perspectives to transit quality of service. Based on the perceptions of service quality collected from the second wave survey, a series of quality criteria of the transit routes under study was quantitatively measured, particularly, the travel time reliability in terms of schedule adherence. It was proved that mixed traffic conditions and peak-period effects can affect transit service reliability.
Multinomial logit models of transit user’s route choice were estimated using route-level service quality perceptions collected in the second wave survey. Relative importance of service quality factors were derived from choice model’s significant parameter estimates, such as access and egress times, seat availability, and busway system. Interpretations of the parameter estimates were conducted, particularly the equivalent in-vehicle time of access and egress times, and busway in-vehicle time. Market segmentation by trip origin was applied to investigate the difference in magnitude between the parameter estimates of access and egress times. The significant costs of transfer in transit trips were highlighted. These importance ratios were applied back to quality perceptions collected as RP data to compare the satisfaction levels between the service attributes and to generate an action relevance matrix to prioritise attributes for quality improvement.
An empirical study on the relationship between average passenger waiting time and transit service characteristics was performed using the service quality perceived. Passenger arrivals for services with long headways (over 15 minutes) were found to be obviously coordinated with scheduled departure times of transit vehicles in order to reduce waiting time. This drove further investigations and modelling innovations in passenger’ access arrival time choice and its relationships with transit service characteristics and average passenger waiting time. Specifically, original contributions were made in formulation of expected waiting time, analysis of the risk-aversion attitude to missing desired service run in the passengers’ access time arrivals’ choice, and extensions of the utility function specification for modelling passenger access arrival distribution, by using complicated expected utility forms and non-linear probability weighting to explicitly accommodate the risk of missing an intended service and passenger’s risk-aversion attitude.
Discussions on this research’s contributions to knowledge, its limitations, and recommendations for future research are provided at the concluding section of this thesis.
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WANG, Yanan. "Exploring online brand choice at the SKU level : the effects of internet-specific attributes." Digital Commons @ Lingnan University, 2004. https://commons.ln.edu.hk/mkt_etd/13.
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E-Commerce research shows that existing studies on online consumer choice behavior has focused on comparative studies of channel or store choice (online or offline), or online store choice (different e-tailers). Relatively less effort has been devoted to consumers’ online brand choice behavior within a single e-tailer. The goal of this research is to model online brand choice, including generating loyalty variables, setting up base model, and exploring the effects of Internet-specific attributes, i.e., order delivery, webpage display and order confirmation, on online brand choice at the SKU level. Specifically, this research adopts the Multinomial Logit Model (MNL) as the estimation methods. To minimize the model bias, the refined smoothing constants for loyalty variables (brand loyalty, size loyalty, and SKU loyalty) are generated using the Nonlinear Estimation Algorithm (NEA). The findings suggest that SKU loyalty is a better predictor of online brand choice than brand loyalty and size loyalty. While webpage display has little effect on the brand choice, order delivery has positive effect on the choice. Online order confirmation turns out to be helpful in choice estimation. Moreover, online consumers are not sensitive to net price of the alternatives, but quite sensitive to price promotion. These results have meaningful implications for marketing promotions in the online environment and suggestions for future research.
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Augustin, Bertho. "Comparison of Different Approaches to Estimating Budgets for Kuhn-Tucker Demand Systems: Applications for Individuals' Time-Use Analysis and Households' Vehicle Ownership and Utilization Analysis." Scholar Commons, 2014. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/5174.
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This thesis compares different approaches to estimating budgets for Kuhn-Tucker (KT) demand systems, more specifically for the multiple discrete-continuous extreme value (MDCEV) model. The approaches tested include: (1) The log-linear regression approach (2) The stochastic frontier regression approach, and (3) arbitrarily assumed budgets that are not necessarily modeled as a function of decision maker characteristics and choice-environment characteristics.
The log-linear regression approach has been used in the literature to model the observed total expenditure as way of estimating budgets for the MDCEV models. This approach allows the total expenditure to depend on the characteristics of the choice-maker and the choice environment. However, this approach does not offer an easy way to allow the total expenditure to change due to changes in choice alternative-specific attributes, but only allows a reallocation of the observed total expenditure among the different choice alternatives. To address this issue, we propose the stochastic frontier regression approach. The approach is useful when the underlying budgets driving a choice situation are unobserved, but only the expenditures on the choice alternatives of interest are observed. The approach is based on the notion that consumers operate under latent budgets that can be conceived (and modeled using stochastic frontier regression) as the maximum possible expenditure they are willing to incur.
To compare the efficacy of the above-mentioned approaches, we performed two empirical assessments: (1) The analysis of out-of-home activity participation and time-use (with a budget on the total time available for out-of-home activities) for a sample of non-working adults in Florida, and (2) The analysis of household vehicle type/vintage holdings and usage (with a budget on the total annual mileage) for a sample of households in Florida. A comparison of the MDCEV model predictions (based on budgets from the above mentioned approaches) demonstrates that the log-linear regression approach and the stochastic frontier approach performed better than arbitrarily assumed budgets approaches. This is because both approaches consider heterogeneity in budgets due to socio-demographics and other explanatory factors rather than arbitrarily imposing uniform budgets on all consumers. Between the log-linear regression and the stochastic frontier regression approaches, the log-linear regression approach resulted in better predictions (vis-à-vis the observed distributions of the discrete-continuous choices) from the MDCEV model. However, policy simulations suggest that the stochastic frontier approach allows the total expenditures to either increase or decrease as a result of changes in alternative-specific attributes. While the log-linear regression approach allows the total expenditures to change as a result of changes in relevant socio-demographic and choice-environment characteristics, it does not allow the total expenditures to change as a result of changes in alternative-specific attributes.
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Numanoglu, Genc Asli. "Simulation Of Yacht Movements In Gocek Bays." Phd thesis, METU, 2004. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12604813/index.pdf.
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Fethiye-Gö<br>cek area is one of the nine coastal Specially Protected Area (SPA) in Turkey. Since mid-80&rsquo<br>s Gö<br>cek town has developed to be a yachting center, and the bays of Gö<br>cek have acquired a well-earned international fame as a paradise for boating vacations. However, the uncontrolled yachting in this bay area presents a growing pressure on the environment, and the coastal and marine ecosystem.
In this thesis a computer model for simulating the movements of yachts in Gö<br>cek Bays is developed. The computer model uses the Multinomial Logit Model (MNL) to find the probabilities for the boaters to select the next bay to visit. The model predicts the number of boats in each bay at the end of a day, the number of boats visited each bay during the day and the distribution of boater categories among the bays throughout the simulation time. In order to get the data needed for the inputs, a questionnaire was formed, and a detailed survey was carried out in Gö<br>cek Bays. In addition to the questionnaires, the number of the boats anchored were also observed in the field studies.
The model is applied to the Gö<br>cek Bays and the results obtained are compared with the data obtained in the field. In the following years, the yacht movements and distributions at various anchor locations can be predicted with this model. These predictions will be useful in a future management plan that aims to control of yacht movement and anchoring.
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Ndunda, E. N. (Ezekiel Nthee). "Wastewater reuse in urban and peri-urban irrigation : an economic assessment of improved wastewater treatment, low-risk adaptations and risk awareness in Nairobi, Kenya." Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/40235.
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The overall goal of this study was to analyse the welfare effect of improved wastewater treatment with the view of making policy recommendations for sustainable urban and peri-urban irrigation agriculture in Kenya. This goal was achieved by investigating three specific objectives. The first objective was to assess the farmers’ awareness of health risks in urban and peri-urban wastewater irrigation. Second objective was to analyse the factors that affect the choice of low-risk adaptations in reuse of untreated wastewater for irrigation. The third objective was to estimate the value that urban and peri-urban farmers who practice wastewater irrigation impute to improvements in specific characteristics of the wastewater input in agriculture.
In order to achieve the first objective, an ordered probit model was used to identify the factors that influence farmers’ awareness of health risks in untreated wastewater irrigation. The model was fitted to data collected from a cross-sectional survey of 317 urban farm households in the Kibera informal settlement of Kenya. Results of this study show that gender of household head, household size, education level of household head, farm size, ownership of the farm, membership to farmers’ group, and market access for the fresh produce significantly affect awareness of farmers about health risks in wastewater irrigation. Therefore, there is need for awareness programs to promote public education through regular training and local workshops on wastewater reuse in order to improve the human capital of the urban and peri-urban farmers.
To achieve the second objective, the study used a multinomial logit model to analyse the farmers’ choice of low-risk adaptations in untreated wastewater irrigation. A survey of 317 urban and peri-urban farmers was conducted and measures for risk-reduction in wastewater reuse were analysed. The urban and peri-urban farmers were found to have adopted low-risk wastewater irrigation techniques such as cessation of irrigation before harvesting, crop restriction and safer application methods. Results of the study show that adoption of risk-reduction measures is significantly influenced by the following factors: household size, age of the household head, education of household head, access to extension, access to media, access to credit, farmers’ group membership, and risk awareness. Also, marginal analysis of the coefficients confirmed the socio-economic characteristics are key determinants in adoption of low-risk measures in wastewater reuse. The study recommends that policies in support of low-risk urban and peri-urban irrigation agriculture should disaggregate farmers according to their socio-economic and institutional characteristics in order to achieve their intended objectives.
To achieve the third objective, the study employed the discrete choice experiment approach to estimate the benefits farmers impute to improvements in attributes of the wastewater irrigation input, whose aim is to reduce the health risks associated with untreated wastewater irrigation. Urban and peri-urban farmers who practice wastewater irrigation drawn from Motoine-Ngong River in Nairobi were randomly selected for the study. A total of 241 farmers completed the presented choice cards for the choice model estimation. A random parameter logit model was used to estimate the individual level willingness to pay for wastewater treatment. The results show that urban and peri-urban farmers are willing to pay significant monthly municipality taxes for treatment of wastewater. Conclusion of this study was that, quality of treated wastewater, quantity of treated wastewater and the riverine ecosystem restoration are significant factors of preference over policy alternative designs in wastewater treatment and reuse.<br>Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2013.<br>gm2014<br>Agricultural Economics, Extension and Rural Development<br>unrestricted
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Reyes, Delfos Enrique López. "Um procedimento para determinação de matriz origem-destino para diferentes modos: método indireto baseado em modelo de escolha discreta." Universidade de São Paulo, 1999. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18137/tde-26012018-184716/.
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Apresenta-se um procedimento para estimativa da matriz origem-destino (O/D) a partir de um modelo de escolha discreta em combinação com uma matriz O/D de transporte público, a qual pode ser estimada de maneira relativamente fácil e rápida. O modelo de escolha discreta utilizado para realizar a divisão modal é o modelo logit multinomial. A calibração do modelo logit é realizada com base em 505 observações e considerando três situações: a população de viajantes sem segmentação, com segmentação segundo posse de automóvel no domicílio, e com segmentação segundo a distância de viagem. Analisa-se a precisão da estimativa do número de viagens quando as zonas de controle que formam a área de estudo são divididas segundo o critério de distância de acesso às linhas de ônibus. Na verificação realizada são empregados dados obtidos da pesquisa domiciliar realizada na cidade de Bauru, SP. Os erros cometidos na estimativa são medidos e comparados com os resultados obtidos na pesquisa domiciliar sem expansão. O trabalho demostrou experimentalmente que o procedimento proposto é uma alternativa viável para se obter a distribuição de viagens e, portanto, para determinar a matriz O/D.<br>A procedure is presented for estimating an origin-destination (O/D) matrix using a discrete choice model jointly with a public transport O/D matrix; the latter being relatively easy and fast to obtain. A multinomial logit discrete choice model is used to determine the mode split of travelers among several available modes. The model is estimated using a sample of 505 observations chosen from a household 0/D survey in the city of Bauru, state of Sao Paulo. This survey is used throughout to verify the results of the proposed methodology. Three different models are considered: one without segmentation of the population, one with segmentation according to car ownership and one with segmentation according to travel distance. An examination is made of the changes on the level of precision of the number of trips estimated with the division of the control zones that conform the study area; the aforementioned division was carried out on the basis of an access distance to the bus network criterion. The estimation errors are measured and compared to the unexpanded O/D survey results. The research shows empirically that the proposed procedure can be used to obtain the distribution of trips and hence to determine an aggregate O/D matrix.
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Barus, Lita Sari. "Contribution to the intercity modal choise considering the intracity transport systems : application of an adapted mixed multinomial Logit model for the Jakarta-Bandung corridor." Thesis, Compiègne, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015COMP2223/document.
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Ce travail de recherche traite de la problématique des transports dans les villes d’Indonésie, Jakarta et Bandung, mais également de la grande concurrence modale du trajet Jakarta-Bandung et Bandung-Jakarta. Les préférences des passagers sont des variables très importantes à connaître en raison de leurs impacts pour choisir un mode de transport parmi d’autres. Dans les transports, le modèle Logit est largement utilisé comme une méthode pour aborder la problématique du choix de transport multimodal comportant de multiples variables, mais dans la présente recherche, ces modèles ne sont pas appropriés pour la résolution de nos problèmes, car il y a des variables particulières à identifier et à prendre en compte. Par conséquent, nous avons développé pour nos besoins le modèle « Logit Mixed Multinomial Adapté (LMMA) » comme outil dédié à l’analyse décisionnelle dans le choix des modes de transport des passagers. La première partie de nos travaux de recherches porte sur l’identification et la compréhension des problèmes de transports intra-cité d’origine et de destination pour le choix du mode de transport entre Jakarta et Bandung (et puis entre Bandung et Jakarta). La seconde partie concerne le processus de décision final en proposant et en analysant les résultats d’un questionnaire adressé à de nombreux utilisateurs de la liaison Jakarta-Bandung (et Bandung-Jakarta). L’analyse permet pour chaque situation d’origine et de destination, et en tenant compte des services offerts par chaque mode inter-cité, d’identifier quel est le mode le plus compétitif<br>An ideal city or intercity transport system is one where all the transport networks, involving in general different modes of transport, could serve together the cities connections to fulfill a passenger demand and satisfaction. Each transport network should have a logical layout (as possible with minimum discontinuities) to meet the required demands. Also in that ideal system, the different modes of transport should not only have their own good performances but also the exchange between modes should be done with harmony. The conditions as mentioned above are worldwide challenges. The present work deals with the transportation problematic between two Indonesian cities, and also with the high modal competition on the Jakarta-Bandung corridor. On that corridor, road transport is currently the main demanding mode for passengers transportation. The airlines cannot compete and discontinued their operations to this route. Nowadays, railway transport is decaying. Passengers preferences are the main variables for the final modal choice. It is necessary to know preferences due to their decisions impacts to choose one mode over the others. Those preferences are in fact not simple to express in a complex city and intercity transport system. In transportation, the Logit model is widely used as a method to explore the problematic of modal choices involving a lot of different variables. There are several Logit models already developed, such as “General Extreme Value”, “Probit”, and “Nested model”, but in this research, they are not compatible to solve our defined problems because there are some particular identified variables to be taken into account. Therefore we propose the "Adapted Mixed Multinomial Logit (AMML)" Model as a tool for analysis towards passenger's decision in modal choices. On the Jakarta-Bandung corridor, modal choices are influenced by the encountered problems in intercity transport at origin and destination. One part on this research deals with identification and understanding of the intracity transport problems of origin and destination on the choice of transport mode in Jakarta-Bandung corridor (Jakarta-Bandung and Bandung-Jakarta direction). The second part of this research deals with the final decision process by analyzing the results of questionnaires addressed to many users of the Jakarta-Bandung corridor. The five main variables of the last questionnaire are travel time, overall cost, security conditions, quality of travel information and connectivity conditions relevant to intercity transport and intracities transport conditions as well. After validation of the questionaires, this research uses the AMML model to get final decision result by comparing one mode among three intercity transport mode (train, minibus, and car) using the values of the variables. Taking into account the characteristics of each intercity mode of transportation, the analysis identifies the most competitive intercity transport mode for each situation from departure city to arrival city. Using alternative public and private transport modes policies, one could in the future modify passenger choice on intercity transport mode. Therefore, this study is relevant for improving of intracity and intercity transport systems
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Balogh, Péter, Daniel Bekesi, Matthew Gorton, József Popp, and Péter Lengyel. "Consumer willingness to pay for traditional food products." Elsevier, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodpol.2016.03.005.
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Reflecting the growing interest from both consumers and policymakers, and building on recent developments
in Willingness to Pay (WTP) methodologies, we evaluate consumer preferences for an archetypal
traditional food product. Specifically we draw on stated preference data from a discrete choice
experiment, considering the traditional Hungarian mangalitza salami. A WTP space specification of the
generalized multinomial logit model is employed, which accounts for not only heterogeneity in preferences
but also differences in the scale of the idiosyncratic error term. Results indicate that traditional food
products can command a substantial premium, albeit contingent on effective quality certification,
authentic product composition and effective choice of retail outlet. Promising consumer segments and
policy implications are identified. (authors' abstract)
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Adekunle, Omotoyosi O. "A CONJOINT ANALYSIS STUDY OF PREFERENCES AND PURCHASING BEHAVIOR OF POTENTIAL ADOPTERS OF THE BUREAU OF LAND MANAGEMENT WILD HORSES." UKnowledge, 2015. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/agecon_etds/33.
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This study uses conjoint analysis to examine the preferences of buyers for Bureau of Land Management (BLM) wild horses based on physical attributes of wild horses and individual characteristics of the buyers. Generalized ordered logit models and multinomial logit models are used to study the impact of the buyers’ demographic characteristics such as age, gender, knowledge about wild horse care, and number of wild horses previously adopted on physical attributes of the horses such as color, age, height, training status, temperament, conformation, and unique markings. Using a choice experiment, taken together, these attributes determine buyer’s preferences for a wild horse. This study reveals that characteristics of buyers have significant effects on their preferences for wild horses. Their gender, age, knowledge about wild horse care, and the number of horses previously adopted influence the importance that buyers place on physical attributes of a wild horse in their decision to purchase a wild horse.
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Mounoussamy, Julie. "Fondements théoriques et empiriques des crises monétaires." Thesis, La Réunion, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LARE0026.
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Les crises monétaires sont les premières crises financières de l'histoire économique. Elles se traduisent par l'élimination ou la substitution des monnaies nationales. L'objectif de cette thèse est de poser les fondements théoriques et empiriques des crises monétaires, mais également de proposer un cadre de prévention de ce type de crise qui sévit en zone euro depuis 2008. Les débats économiques et politiques actuels autour des questions de désintégration monétaire témoignent de la persistance et de l'ampleur de la crise, où la légitimité et la souveraineté de la monnaie unique est menacée à moyen long terme. Les divers plans de sauvetage et les politiques d'austérité dans les pays-membres en difficulté ne sont que les conséquences et les coûts directs d'une telle crise. Ces derniers doivent interpeller les autorités de supervision à une plus grande vigilance, ainsi qu'à une politique de prévention plus avisée. L'objectif de cette thèse est double : dans une première partie, nous analysons le concept, les fondements historiques et théoriques des crises monétaires, puis dressons une typologie de celles-ci. Dans une seconde partie, nous apportons une contribution empirique relative aux déterminants des crises monétaires en zone euro et proposons un outil de prévention des crises monétaires, grâce à la mise en place d'un système d'alerte avancée (Early Warning System), par l'approche économétrique de type logit multinomial. Pour ce faire, la détection et la mesure des mésalignements des taux de change réels à l'intérieur de la zone euro est cruciale, puisqu'il constitue l'indicateur premier des crises monétaires. L'estimation des taux de change d'équilibre permettent ainsi d'apprécier la sur ou sous-évaluation des monnaies, indispensable à la mise en place d'un système d'alerte avancée, à des fins de prévention des crises monétaires<br>Monetary crises are the first financial crises in economic history, which result in the elimination or substitution of national currencies. The aim of this thesis is to study the theoretical and empirical foundations of monetary crises. Furthermore, a framework for the prevention of such crises, raging in the Euro zone since 2008, is provided. The current economic and political debates about this issue reflect the persistence and the extent of this crisis, in which the Euro's legitimacy and sovereignty is threatened in the medium term. The various rescue plans and austerity policies in troubled member states are direct consequences and costs of this crisis. Consequently, supervisory authorities need to be more vigilant in strengthening their prevention policy. The purpose of this thesis is twofold: in the first part, we analyze the concept, the historical and theoretical foundations of monetary crises, and then develop a typology of them. In the second part, we provide an empirical contribution on the determinants of monetary crises in the euro area and propose a tool for preventing currency crises by setting up an Early Warning System, through the econometric approach of the multinomial logit model. As the primary indicator of monetary crises, the detection and measurement of real exchange rate misalignments within the euro area is decisive. The equilibrium exchange rates estimation allows the assessment of currency over- or undervaluation, which is essential for the implementation of an early warning system
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Nunes, Letícia Faria de Carvalho. "Practice location of physicians: a discrete choice model approach." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/13827.
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Previous issue date: 2015-04-07<br>Economists and policymakers have long been concerned with increasing the supply of health professionals in rural and remote areas. This work seeks to understand which factors influence physicians’ choice of practice location right after completing residency. Differently from previous papers, we analyse the Brazilian missalocation and assess the particularities of developing countries. We use a discrete choice model approach with a multinomial logit specification. Two rich databases are employed containing the location and wage of formally employed physicians as well as details from their post-graduation. Our main findings are that amenities matter, physicians have a strong tendency to remain in the region they completed residency and salaries are significant in the choice of urban, but not rural, communities. We conjecture this is due to attachments built during training and infrastructure concerns.
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Pourfarzad, Amir. "On transport mode choice in natural disasters : A case study of the 2011 Brisbane floods." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2016. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/98001/1/Amir_Pourfarzad_Thesis.pdf.
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This project was a step forward in developing the scientific basis for a method to investigate mode choice/change in natural disasters using the 2011 Brisbane floods as a case study. Statistical models were developed on characteristics affecting traveller’s behavioural changes in times of natural disasters. Understating travellers' modal change is key when identifying methods to efficiently and effectively manage transport networks in times of disaster, specially during a flood event. The proposed framework adopted within this research represents a significant innovation and contribution to knowledge to subject of transport mode choice during disasters and lay ground work for future policy focused studies.
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Beville, S. T. "Modelling differences in angler choice behaviour with advanced discrete choice models." Lincoln University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10182/2332.
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New Zealand is internationally renowned for having some of the finest and most challenging trout fishing in the world. However, due to continuing development and angling pressure many fishing sites are showing signs of environmental degradation and over fishing. This trend is almost certain to continue into the future given continued population and economic growth. Understanding the determinants of site choice, preference heterogeneity and anglers’ substitution patterns is fundamentally important to fishery managers who have the difficult task of maintaining quality angling experiences on a number of fishing sites, managing angling pressure and maintaining license sales. Recent advances in simulation techniques and computational power have improved the capability of discrete choice models to reveal preference heterogeneity and complex substitution patterns among individuals. This thesis applies and evaluates a number of state-of-the-art discrete choice models to study angler site choice in New Zealand. Recreation specialisation theory is integrated into the analysis to enhance the behavioural representation of the statistical models. A suite of models is presented throughout the empirical portion of this thesis. These models demonstrate different ways and degrees of explaining preference heterogeneity as well as identifying anglers’ substitution patterns. The results show that North Canterbury anglers’ preferences vary considerably. Resource disturbances such as riparian margin erosion, reduced water visibility and declines in catch rates can cause significant declines in angler use of affected sites, and at the same time non-proportional increases in the use of unaffected sites. Recreation specialisation is found to be closely related to the types of fishing site conditions, experiences and regulations preferred by anglers. Anglers’ preference intensities for fishing site attributes, such as catch rates, vary across different types of fishing sites. This location specific preference heterogeneity is found to be related to specialisation. Overall, the empirical findings indicate that conventional approaches to modelling angler site choice which do not incorporate a strong understanding of angler preference heterogeneity can lead to poorly representative models and suboptimal management and policy outcomes.
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Magalhães, Cloé Leal de. "How bank lending affects firms' lifecycle : a Markov chain approach." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/19182.
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Mestrado em Econometria Aplicada e Previsão<br>Esta dissertação analisa o impacto da concessão de crédito adicional a empresas não rentáveis sobre a sua probabilidade de se manterem não rentáveis, recuperarem para empresas rentáveis ou para saírem do mercado. Esta avaliação é efetuada através da estimação de um processo de Markov condicional à existência de crédito adicional, usando as estimativas do modelo logit multinomial. A aplicação deste modelo aos dados ao nível da empresa e do banco para Portugal entre 2011 e 2015 mostra que a concessão de crédito adicional teve um impacto positivo nas taxas de sobrevivência e recuperação das empresas não rentáveis, em contradição com alguma investigação recente sobre o tema.<br>This dissertation analyses how additional loans granted to non-profitable firms affect their probability to remain non-profitable, recover to profitable or exit the market. This assessment is carried out through the estimation of a Markov process conditional to the existence of additional bank loans, using the multinomial logit model estimates. Applying this model to Portuguese firm and bank level data from 2011 to 2015, the results point to a positive effect of additional bank loans over survival and recovery rates of non-profitable firms, contradicting some recent research on this topic.<br>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
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Grek, Jenny. "The effect of smoking and drinking on wages in Sweden." Thesis, University of Skövde, School of Technology and Society, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-89.
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<p>The aim of this thesis is to study the effect of smoking and drinking on wages in Sweden. The data used in this study is the Swedish Level-of-living survey (LNU) from 1991. A multinomial logit model and the marginal effects from the estimated model are used to study the effect of smoking and drinking on wages in Sweden. The empirical results conclude that medium drinking increases the probability of having a high income, i.e. there is a positive significant relationship between medium drinking and wages in Sweden. Also concluded from the empirical results is that there is not a significant relationship between smoking and wages in Sweden.</p>
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Sadat, Lavasani Bozorg Seyed Mohammad Ali. "Potential Implication of Automated Vehicle Technologies on Travel Behavior and System Modeling." FIU Digital Commons, 2016. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/2983.
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Autonomous Vehicles (AVs) are computer equipped vehicles that can operate without human driver’s active control using information provided by their sensors about the surrounding environment. Self-driving vehicles may have seemed to be a distant dream several years ago, but manufactures’ prototypes showed that AVs are becoming real now. Several car manufactures (i.e. Benz, Audi, etc.) and information technology firms (i.e. Google) have either showcased their fully AVs or announced their robot cars to be released in a few years. AVs hold the promise to transform the ways we live and travel. Although several studies have been conducted on the impacts of AVs, much remains to be explored regarding the various ways in which AVs could reshape our lifestyle.
This dissertation addresses the knowledge gap in understanding the potential implications of AV technologies on travel behavior and system modeling. A comprehensive review of literature regarding AV adoption, potential impacts and system modeling was provided. Bass diffusion models were developed to investigate the market penetration process of AVs based on experience learned from past technologies. A stated preference survey was conducted to gather information from university population on the perceptions and attitudes toward AV technologies. The data collected from the Florida International University (FIU) was used to develop econometric models exploring the willingness to pay and relocation choices of travelers in light of the new technologies. In addition, the latest version of the Southeast Planning Regional Model (SERPM) 7.0, an Activity-Based Model (ABM), was employed to examine the potential impacts of AVs on the transportation network. Three scenarios were developed for short-term (2035), mid-term (2045) and long-term (2055) conditions.
This dissertation provides a systematic approach to understand the potential implications of AV technologies on travel behavior and system modeling. The results of the survey data analysis and the scenario analysis also provide important inputs to guide planning and policy analysis on the impacts of AV technologies.
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Pinjari, Abdul Rawoof. "An analysis of household vehicle ownership and utilization patterns in the United States using the 2001 National Household Travel Survey." [Tampa, Fla.] : University of South Florida, 2004. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/SFE0000280.
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Paredes, Samantha Jane. "The value of fisheries for tourism and the local coastal community." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2020. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/204190/1/Samantha%20Paredes%20Thesis.pdf.
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This thesis identifies the benefits generated by the fishing industry with respect to tourism and providing local seafood. Using an interdisciplinary approach (economics and social science), the thesis explores how fisheries and seafood are portrayed in online coastal tourism material and quantifies the value of fisheries and seafood to tourists and Queensland residents. The studies provide a better understanding of how the 'local' aspect of seafood affects tourists' overall coastal holiday experience and examines the importance of purchasing local seafood for local consumers. This thesis also examines how these benefits can be maximized by the fishing and tourism industries.
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Sarkar, Nikhil Chandra. "Microscopic modelling of the area-based traffic flow." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2019. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/129869/9/Nikhil%20Chandra%20Sarkar%20Thesis.pdf.
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Area-based (i.e., non-lane based) heterogeneous traffic (as in developing countries) differs significantly from lane-based homogeneous traffic (as in developed countries). In area-based traffic, drivers generally ignore the lane markings and perceive the entire road space while progressing longitudinally. Traditional car-following and lane-changing models are not directly applicable to modelling such driving behaviour. This research aimed to microscopically model the dynamic of the subject vehicle in area-based traffic flow. The modelling was conducted in two steps. In Step 1, discrete choice-based modelling was conducted to identify the area-based movement direction of the subject vehicle. In Step 2, a vehicle-following behaviour model was developed to simulate the next position of the subject vehicle (along the direction of a selected alternative, as modelled in Step 1 of this modelling). The macroscopic validation of the model was performed to ensure the robustness of the model.
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Ribeiro, Tatiana de Seixas Tavares. "Violência entre parceiros íntimos nos primeiros cinco meses de pós-parto em usuárias de unidades básicas de saúde do Rio de Janeiro." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2009. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=5461.
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A Violência entre Parceiros Íntimos (VPI) tem sido reconhecida como um importante problema de saúde pública e um fator de risco para agravos a saúde de mulheres e crianças. Os serviços de saúde desempenham importante papel na detecção precoce da VPI, especialmente em momentos da vida nos quais se preconiza o atendimento sistematizado, como na gestação e primeira infância. Esta dissertação tem como objetivo principal estimar a probabilidade de ocorrência de Violência Física entre Parceiros Íntimos (VFPI) durante a gestação e/ou pós-parto em população atendida em Unidades Básicas de Saúde (UBS),
segundo diferentes características sócio-econômicas e demográficas da clientela. Trata-se de um estudo transversal, realizado com usuárias de 5 UBS da cidade do Rio de Janeiro no ano de 2007. Foram entrevistadas 811 mães de crianças de até cinco meses de idade, que não possuíam nenhuma contra-indicação formal para a amamentação e que relataram ter tido pelo menos uma relação amorosa um mês ou mais durante a gestação ou no período do pós-parto. Condições socioeconômicas e demográficas e relativas aos hábitos de vida do casal foram consideradas como potenciais preditores de violência. Utilizou-se a versão em português da CTS2 para identificar as situações de VPI. A variável de desfecho foi analisada em três níveis: ausência de VFPI, presença de VFPI no período da gestação ou do pós-parto e presença de VFPI em ambos os períodos. Utilizou-se um modelo logito-multinomial para as projeções de prevalências segundo os descritores selecionados. Os fatores que mais aumentaram a probabilidade de ocorrência de violência durante a gestação e/ou nos primeiros
cinco meses de vida da criança foram: idade materna < 20 anos, escolaridade materna inferior ao 2 grau completo, ter 2 ou mais filhos menores de cinco anos, tabagismo materno, uso
inadequado de álcool pela mãe e/ou companheiro, uso de drogas pela mãe e/ou companheiro e percepção materna sobre a saúde do bebê aquém da esperada. Entre mães com todas estas características, a estimativa de prevalência projetada de VFPI na gestação e/ou no pós-parto chegou a 96,4%, sendo 59,4% a estimativa de ocorrência em apenas um dos dois períodos e
37% em ambos. Por outro lado, a probabilidade de ocorrência de VFPI cai a 3,6% em famílias sem estas características. Os resultados indicam que a presença de certas características da
criança e de sua família aumenta enormemente a probabilidade de ocorrência de VFPI, devendo ser levadas em consideração ao se estabelecer estratégias de intervenção que visem à detecção precoce e uma efetiva intervenção.<br>Intimate partner violence (IPV) has been recognized as an important public health problem and a risk factor for health problems of women and children. Health services play an important role in early detection of IPV. This issue is especially important in moments of life when systematized care is recommended, such as the pregnancy and early childhood. The main objective of this research was to estimate the probability of physical intimate partners violence (PIPV) during pregnancy or postpartum period. This is a cross-sectional study carried out in 5 primary health care units in Rio de Janeiro during the year 2007. Eight hundred and eleven interviews with mothers of children up to five months of age were carried out. Mothers presenting any formal contraindication for breastfeeding were considered ineligible, as well as women not reporting at least one month of amorous relationship during the pregnancy or postpartum period. Socioeconomic, demographic and life habits of the couple were considered as potential predictors. The outcome variable was assessed at three levels: no PIPV; PIPV during the pregnancy or postpartum; and PIPV in both periods. A multinomial logit model was used for projecting the respective prevalence according to a range of selected descriptors. The risk factors significantly associated with a greater risk of PIPV were: maternal age < 20; women with less than twelve years of schooling; women with 2 or more children under five years old; alcohol misuse by mother or partner; illicit drug
abuse by the women or partner; and mothers perception of infants health lower than expected. Between mothers with all those characteristics, the projected prevalence of PIPV during pregnancy and/or postpartum was 96.4%, and as much as 59.4% accounted for the occurrence in one of the periods and 37% for the occurrence in both periods. In the absence of all of those factors, estimates reached only 3.6% during pregnancy and/or postpartum Summarizing, this study disclosed that some characteristics of children and their family increases the probability of PIPV during the pregnancy and postpartum period. This information is valuable for achieving early identification and effective resolution of the problem.
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Zhang, Yonghui. "Essays on Taxation, Marriage, and Labor Supply." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/76670.
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My dissertation consists of three essays on labor supply responses, along the extensive margin (participation into the labor force) and along the intensive margin (intensity of work on the job). The first two essays focus on the labor supply responsiveness of single women with children to taxation and welfare programs. The third essay investigates the effects of marriage, the wage rate, and the associated tax rate on men's labor supply.
In the first essay, to avoid bias from the fact that labor supply outcomes are being driven by self-selection, I build a dynamic stochastic discrete choice model to investigate the long run effects of the earned income tax credit and welfare policies on single mothers' labor supply. Simulated method of moments is used to estimate parameters of this dynamic model, based on March CPS data files from 1964 to 2013. I compare the performance of the dynamic stochastic discrete choice model, a static model, and a reduced-form model. My analysis concludes that the dynamic stochastic discrete choice model captures the simultaneous impact of the state variables on the predicted employment decision. My study provides evidence of the long-run positive effect of public policy on low income families in a life-cycle setting. This essay also emphasizes the importance of education in increasing single mothers' labor supply.
The second essay is designed to identify factors that help single mothers leave TANF within a short span of time. I find strong evidence for the importance of child support assistance to single mothers' success in exiting TANF with a job. I uncover evidence that work-related activities do not induce TANF participants to leave within a short span of time. My analysis also suggests that health issues significantly limit the ability of single mothers to exit TANF.
In the third essay, the main research question is how marital status affects the elasticity of the labor supply of males with respect to wages and taxes, in a life-cycle setting. A dynamic panel data model, which extends the literature on dynamic labor supply, indicates that the elasticity of men's labor supply with respect to wages and taxes is affected by marital status. The empirical results using the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID) data show that men who are continuously married to the same wife have a lower average Frisch elasticity than others.<br>Ph. D.
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Faye, Abdou Diop. "Analyse des déterminants de l'offre du travail des femmes en milieu urbain sénégalais." Thesis, Artois, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ARTO0101.
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L‟objectif de toute analyse économique sur l‟offre de travail, est en général, de mieux cerner les problématiques liées à l‟emploi permettant de décliner des politiques en direction du marché du travail. Cette thèse n‟échappe pas à cet objectif bien qu‟elle soit orientée vers les femmes. A partir des analyses développées dans cette thèse, nous avons apporté un nouvel éclairage sur les facteurs déterminants qui poussent ou empêchent la femme sénégalaise à intégrer le marché du travail. Les approches théoriques développées, nous ont conduit à considérer la nature des relations conjugales, les différentes perceptions du travail et des obligations familiales correspondants à différents types de comportements féminins d‟offre de travail. Le comportement d‟offre de travail de la femme sénégalaise est ainsi influencé par des caractéristiques individuelles telles que l‟âge, le niveau d‟éducation, et des caractéristiques familiales courantes telles que la présence d‟enfant(s) de moins de 5ans dans le ménage, la présence d‟un conjoint (statut matrimonial), le revenu du conjoint, la taille du ménage, le statut monétaire matérialisé par la pauvreté, le versement de transferts à des descendants ou ascendants.Par le biais de la modélisation logistique dichotomique et multinomiale, nous avons montré que le niveau d‟éducation est positivement corrélé à la participation des femmes sur le marché du travail et constitue de surcroît, un ticket d‟entrée dans le secteur public. Contrairement au statut matrimonial (être mariée), la présence d‟enfants de moins de 5 ans et le revenu du conjoint ne semblent pas être un obstacle à l‟intégration des femmes sur le marché du travail, mais cette présence d‟enfant semble orienter les sénégalaises vers le secteur informel au détriment des autres secteurs (public et privé formel). Ce qui est souvent motivé par les conditions de travail plus flexibles dans ce secteur permettant aux femmes de concilier activités économiques et obligations familiales. Par ailleurs, les femmes appartenant aux ménages pauvres semblent être plus disposer à offrir du travail que celles appartenant aux ménages non pauvres, mais elles ont moins de chances d‟être dans le secteur public, le secteur privé formel et dans une moindre mesure dans les ambassades et ONG que dans l‟informel par rapport à celles qui ne sont pas pauvres<br>The objective of any economic analysis of the elabor supply is generally to better understand issues related to employment allowing formulating policies towards the labor market. This thesis is not an exception to this objective although it focuses exclusively on women. From the analysis of the present thesis, we have shed new light on the main factors driving or inhibiting the senegalese woman to enter the labor market. The theoretical approaches developed have led us to consider the nature of marital relationships, the different perceptions of work and family obligations corresponding to different types of female behavior of labor supply. Through a dicotomous and multinomial logit model, we have shown that the behavior of labor supply of senegalese women is influenced by individual characteristics such as the age and education level, and standard family characteristics such as the presence of under 5 years old child/children in the household, the presence of a spouce (marital status), the income of the spouse, the householf size, the monetary status indicated by the poverty, the remittances to descendants or ascendants
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Tchoupé, Makougoum Christelle Flore. "Changement climatique au Mali : impact de la secheresse sur l'agriculture et stratégies d'adaptation." Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018CLFAD011.
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Le Mali est un pays de l’Afrique de l’Ouest où l’agriculture est essentiellement pluviale et, par conséquent, largement tributaire des conditions climatiques. Cette forte dépendance de l’agriculture à l’égard du climat en fait de facto un champ d’investigation privilégié et ce, d’autant plus que l’agriculture est le socle sur lequel repose l’économie du Mali. En alliant travaux théoriques et empiriques, cette thèse se propose de contribuer à une meilleure compréhension de l’incidence du changement climatique sur l’agriculture et une meilleure compréhension des pratiques agricoles permettant de s’y adapter. Le premier chapitre examine les manifestations du changement climatique et leurs impacts sur la production de céréales. L’analyse des corrélations entre les séries de données climatiques et agricoles indiquent que le changement climatique a globalement un effet négatif sur les rendements céréaliers. Cette première analyse au niveau de la production est ensuite complétée par une analyse qui se focalise sur le comportement du producteur. Ainsi, le deuxième chapitre s’intéresse aux performances managériales des agriculteurs. En utilisant la méthode des frontières stochastiques de production, nous trouvons qu’en partie, l’inefficience des agriculteurs est due au changement climatique. Il ressort par ailleurs que cette inefficience climatique est marginale comparée à l’inefficience technique des agriculteurs. Ce résultat suggère que l’augmentation de la production devrait nécessairement passer par l’amélioration des capacités des agriculteurs à combiner les facteurs de productions dans les bonnes proportions. Ceci étant, nous menons par la suite une réflexion sur la façon de garantir le maintien ou l’augmentation de la production agricole dans un contexte de changement climatique. A cet effet, le troisième chapitre identifie les déterminants de l’adaptation au changement climatique. L’intérêt est porté sur les pratiques agricoles d’adaptation qui préservent l’environnement. Nous utilisons un modèle logit multinomial. Il ressort de l’analyse que les caractéristiques sociodémographiques des ménages agricoles, les caractéristiques biophysiques des parcelles et la survenue d’épisode de sécheresse influent sur l’adoption des stratégies d’adaptation au changement climatique. Enfin, le quatrième chapitre étudie les facteurs de la mécanisation des exploitations agricoles grâce au modèle de sélection de Heckman. Les résultats révèlent que l'intensité de la mécanisation agricole augmente avec la taille des exploitations et diminue avec l’accroissement de l’effectif en main-d'œuvre familiale. Par ailleurs, la sécheresse réduit les chances de l'agriculteur de mécaniser les exploitations agricoles<br>Mali is a West African country where agriculture is mainly rain-fed, therefore essentially dependent on climatic conditions. This strong dependence between agriculture and climate makes it an interesting field of investigation, and especially with agriculture being the mainstay of Mali’s economy. Relying on theoretical and empirical methods, this thesis aims to contribute to a better understanding of the impact of climate change on agricultural production and to a better understanding of farmers’ practices that make it possible to adapt to climate change. The first chapter of this thesis focused on the manifestations of climate change and their impacts on cereals production. Analysis of correlations between series of climate and agricultural data indicates that, overall, climate change has a damaging effect on cereals yields. After this analysis at the production level, we turned to the analysis of producer’s behavior. Hence, the second chapter focuses on the managerial performance of farmers. Using a stochastic frontier analysis, we found that a part of the farmers’ inefficiency is due to climate change. The results also revealed that even though there is inefficiency due to climate, it is low compared to technical inefficiency of the farmer. Subsequently, we concentrated on how to maintain or increase agricultural production in a context of climate change. For this purpose, the third chapter identifies the determinants of adaptation to climate change. We focused on agricultural adaptation practices that preserve the environment. We used a multinomial logit model. The analysis demonstrated that the socio-demographic characteristics of farm households, the biophysical characteristics of plots and the occurrence of a drought influence the adoption of adaptation strategies. Finally, the fourth chapter studies the determinants of farm mechanization using the Heckman selection model. The results suggest that drought reduces the odds of farm mechanization. We also found that the intensity of farm mechanization increases with increase of farm size and decreases with the increase of family workforce
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Ruan, Shiling. "Poisson race models theory and application in conjoint choice analysis /." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1173204902.
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Baba, El Mokhtari Yasmina. "Preferencias de los consumidores hacia el Omega 3 como reclamo de salud en los productos alimentarios." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/458449.
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In this thesis we analyzed the preferences of consumers towards foods enriched with healthy components, in particular omega-3 (n-3). Beef and egg have been chosen as case studies. In the first case study, the preferences in three Spanish cities (Barcelona, Zaragoza and Pamplona) were analyzed in order to estimate the relative importance of beef attributes, including their enrichment with omega-3 unsaturated fatty acids and the Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA). Furthermore, we evaluated the impact of sensory experience on consumer preferences differentiated by the information received. Data were collected from a structured and self-completed questionnaire in a controlled environment, by tasting 4 different meat samples in the three cities (647 total consumers). The choice experiment was applied and the Generalized Multinomial Model model (G-MNL) was applied before and after the consumers evaluated the acceptability of meat samples.
In the second case study, the potential appropriateness of the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) technique to analyze consumers¿ acceptance of three types of eggs (conventional, n-3 enriched and free-range) was assessed and compared with the traditional 9-point hedonic scale. The relative importance of the main attributes of eggs¿ purchase including its enrichment with polyunsaturated fatty acids (omega-3) was also analyzed. Data were obtained from a face-to-face questionnaire completed by consumers (n=122) in a controlled environment.
Analyzing the preferences of enriched meat with n-3, results showed a significant impact of sensory evaluation on consumers¿ preferences. This impact is differentiated by the information received. The utility of meat enriched with n-3 in the three cities increased significantly after tasting the meat, especially for consumers without information, while the utility of meat enriched with CLA was not significant. The results showed an increase in the overall acceptability of meat enriched with n-3 and CLA compared to conventional meat and the information offered to consumers had no significant impact on their scores. Analyzing the preferences of enriched eggs with n-3, results showed agreement between the AHP technique and the 9-point scale showing that n-3 enriched eggs had lower flavor acceptance. The most important attributes that determine preferences for egg purchase were the type and the egg price followed by the origin and the egg size. The AHP approach seems to be a reliable tool to evaluate consumer hedonic preferences. However, further testing on other food products with larger sample sizes is needed.
The results confirm the marketing opportunities related to the benefit of the application of health component with health properties mainly the enrichment with polyunsaturated fatty acids adaptable to beef and eggs, in particular the n-3, are promising is they are well introduced in the animal feed. The food industry is encouraged to benefit from these factors as a strategy of product differentiation and market segmentation.<br>En esta tesis hemos analizado las preferencias de los consumidores hacia los alimentos enriquecidos con componentes saludables en particular el omega-3 (n-3). La carne de vacuno y el huevo han sido elegidos como casos de estudio. En el primer caso de estudio se han analizado las preferencias en tres ciudades españolas (Barcelona, Zaragoza y Pamplona) con el objetivo de estimar la importancia relativa de atributos de la carne de vacuno incluyendo su enriquecimiento con ácidos grasos insaturados omega-3 y el ácido linoleico conjugado (CLA). Asimismo, hemos evaluado el impacto de la experiencia sensorial sobre las preferencias de los consumidores diferenciados por la información recibida. Los datos fueron recogidos de un cuestionario estructurado y auto-completado, en un ambiente controlado, probando 4 muestras de carne diferentes en las tres ciudades (647 consumidores totales). El experimento de elección analizado con el modelo Multinomial Generalizado (G-MNL) fue aplicado antes y después de que los consumidores evaluaran la aceptabilidad de la carne enriquecida. En el segundo caso de estudio, se ha evaluado la idoneidad de la técnica del Proceso de la Jerarquía Analítica (AHP) para analizar la aceptación por los consumidores de tres tipos de huevos (convencional, enriquecido con n-3 y campero) y comparar los resultados con la escala hedónica tradicional de 9-puntos. También se ha analizado la importancia relativa de los principales atributos de la compra de huevos, incluyendo su enriquecimiento con ácidos grasos poliinsaturados (omega-3). Los datos se obtuvieron de un cuestionario cara a cara completado por los consumidores (n = 122) en un ambiente controlado. Analizando las preferencias de la carne enriquecida con n-3, los resultados mostraron un impacto significativo de la evaluación sensorial sobre las preferencias. Este impacto se diferencia por la información recibida. La utilidad de la carne enriquecida con n-3 en las tres ciudades se incrementó significativamente después de probar la carne, sobre todo para los consumidores sin información, mientras que la utilidad de la carne enriquecida con CLA no fue significativa. Los resultados mostraron un aumento de la aceptabilidad global de la carne enriquecida con n-3 y CLA respecto a la carne convencional y la información ofrecida a los consumidores no tuvo impacto significativo en sus puntuaciones. Analizando las preferencias de los huevos enriquecidos con n-3, los resultados mostraron una relativa concordancia entre la técnica de AHP y la escala hedónica de 9 puntos mostrando que los huevos enriquecidos con n-3 tenían una aceptación de sabor más baja. Los atributos más importantes que determinan las preferencias para la compra de huevos fueron el tipo y el precio del huevo seguido por el origen y el tamaño del huevo. El enfoque AHP parece ser una herramienta potencialmente adecuada para evaluar las preferencias hedónicas del consumidor. Sin embargo, más pruebas en otros productos alimenticios y grandes tamaños maestrales son necesarios. Los resultados confirman las oportunidades de marketing relacionadas con el beneficio de la aplicación de moléculas con propiedades saludables principalmente el enriquecimiento con ácidos grasos poliinsaturados adaptables a la carne de vacuno y los huevos son prometedoras si son correctamente introducidos en el pienso. La industria alimentaria está llamada a beneficiarse de estos factores como una estrategia de diferenciación de producto y de segmentación de mercado.
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Zaman, Nishat. "Understanding Immigrants' Travel Behavior in Florida: Neighborhood Effects and Behavioral Assimilation." FIU Digital Commons, 2014. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/1690.
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The goal of this study was to develop Multinomial Logit models for the mode choice behavior of immigrants, with key focuses on neighborhood effects and behavioral assimilation. The first aspect shows the relationship between social network ties and immigrants’ chosen mode of transportation, while the second aspect explores the gradual changes toward alternative mode usage with regard to immigrants’ migrating period in the United States (US). Mode choice models were developed for work, shopping, social, recreational, and other trip purposes to evaluate the impacts of various land use patterns, neighborhood typology, socioeconomic-demographic and immigrant related attributes on individuals’ travel behavior. Estimated coefficients of mode choice determinants were compared between each alternative mode (i.e., high-occupancy vehicle, public transit, and non-motorized transport) with single-occupant vehicles. The model results revealed the significant influence of neighborhood and land use variables on the usage of alternative modes among immigrants. Incorporating these indicators into the demand forecasting process will provide a better understanding of the diverse travel patterns for the unique composition of population groups in Florida.
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Півторак, Галина Василівна. "Визначення параметрів мережі міських пасажирських перевезень на основі моделей теорії корисності з випадковим вибором". Diss., Національний університет "Львівська політехніка", 2021. https://ena.lpnu.ua/handle/ntb/56734.
Full textAbstract:
Робота присвячена визначенню параметрів мережі міських пасажирських перевезень з урахуванням нерегулярних переміщень, пов’язаних з вузлами зовнішнього транспорту, на основі моделей теорії корисності з випадковим
вибором. Під час виконання роботи вдосконалено підходи до визначення характеристик вузлів зовнішнього транспорту шляхом оцінки їх привабливості, проаналізовано вплив ВЗТ на функціонування мережі міських пасажирських перевезень,
сформовано функції корисності вибору виду ВЗТ, функції корисності вибору режиму переміщення міською територією з врахуванням соціоекономічних характеристик користувача, тривалості переміщення та характеристик мережі
громадського транспорту. З використанням програмного середовища Statistica розраховано коефіцієнти функцій корисності для оцінки ймовірності вибору певної альтернативи з переліку запропонованих. На основі цих даних у програмному середовищі PТV Visum розроблено модель розрахунку попиту на переміщення (м. Львів) з розподілом за режимами. Результати дисертаційної роботи можуть бути використані для визначення параметрів мережі міських пасажирських перевезень, а саме для моделювання пасажиропотоків, що генеруються та притягуються транспортними районами, з урахуванням привабливості вузлів зовнішнього транспорту, та їх розподілу міською територією за режимами руху, що є складовою науково-практичного завдання обґрунтування проектних рішень щодо вдосконалення параметрів міської пасажирської мережі. Работа посвящена определению параметров сети городских пассажирских перевозок с учетом нерегулярных перемещений, связанных с узлами внешнего транспорта, на основе моделей теории полезности со случайным выбором. Во время выполнения работы усовершенствованы подходы к определению характеристик узлов внешнего транспорта путем оценки их притягивающей способности. Проанализировано влияние УВТ на функционирование сети городских пассажирских перевозок, сформированы функции полезности выбора вида УВТ,
функции полезности выбора режима перемещения городской территорией, в которых учтены социоэкономические характеристики пользователя, продолжительность перемещения и характеристики сети общественного транспорта.
С использованием программной среды Statistica рассчитаны коэффициенты функций полезности для оценки вероятности выбора определенной альтернативы из перечня предложенных. На основе этих данных в программной среде PТV Visum разработана модель расчета спроса на перемещение (г. Львов) с распределением по режимам. Результаты диссертационной работы могут быть использованы для определения параметров сети городских пассажирских перевозок, а именно для моделирования пассажиропотоков, генерируемых и притягивающихся транспортными районами, с учетом притягивающей способности узлов внешнего транспорта, и их распределения городской территорией за режимами движения, что является составной частью научно-практического задания обоснования проектных
решений по совершенствованию параметров городской пассажирской сети. Decision-making in the branch of transport has a significant impact not only on the transport system but also on the functioning of the city as a whole and on its perception as
a comfortable living environment. The validity of the values of the parameters of the urban passenger transport network will allow to determine the components of the demand for movement and effectively provide transport services while increasing their comfort and improving environmental parameters. The selection criteria are determined and their specific weight is determined, the classical four-stage demand model is improved by taking into account the influence of external transport hubs and related movements, the general matrix of movements and distribution of passenger flows in the city is calculated. For this purpose, it is offered to use random utility models. During the work, a list of criteria for users to choose the type of external transport
hubs: the direction of movement, duration of the trip, the cost of the trip, and the time period of departure. To select the mode of city movement, a multinomial logit model was formed, which takes into account the socio-economic characteristics of the user (age, type of employment, availability of own car) and duration of movement. Questionnaires were conducted to collect data on the characteristics of movements associated with external transport hubs. Using the Statistica software environment, the coefficients of utility functions are calculated to estimate the probability of choosing a certain alternative from the list of proposed ones. Based on these data in the software environment PTV Visum developed a model for calculating the demand for movement with the modes choice, which takes into account the attractiveness of external transport hubs at the stage of determining the attractiveness of transport zones. Movements related to external transport hubs are taken into account at the stage of calculation of origin-destination matrices. For the first time, the method of calculation of attractiveness of external transport hubs on the basis of their score estimation is offered, it is offered to consider in formation of a matrix of movements by city territory the trips connected with external transport hubs, developed the multinomial models of a choice of type to external transport hubs and mode choice for movements by city territory. The results of the dissertation can be used to determine the parameters of the urban
passenger transport network, namely to model passenger flows generated and attracted by transport zones, taking into account the attractiveness of external transport hubs, and their distribution in urban zones by modes choices, and to develop timetables public transport routes, which is a component of the scientific and practical task of substantiation of design decisions to improve the parameters of the city passenger network.
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Sen, Sudeshna. "A joint multiple discrete continuous extreme value (MDCEV) model and multinomial logit model (MNL) for examining vehicle type/vintage, make/model and usage decisions of the household." Thesis, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/2952.
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ZHONG, ZHI-CHENG, and 鍾志成. "Incorporating attribute thresholds in multinomial logit model." Thesis, 1990. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/15186666879588490405.
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Hung, Lai-Fa, and 洪來發. "The Generalized Multidimensional Multilevel Multinomial Logit Model." Thesis, 2002. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/51611100737763970930.
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博士<br>國立中正大學<br>心理學研究所<br>90<br>In recent years, online item-generation technology has made substantial impact on test design. In addition, item parameters in many complicated test designs are better treated as generated from a population. Accordingly, a model with random-effects on item parameters that better describes this particular test design becomes a new direction to explore. In this study, such a model is proposed. It extends Adams, Wilson, and Wang’s (1997) multidimensional random coefficients multinomial logit model by adding a random effect on the item parameters, which is called the generalized multidimensional multilevel multinomial logit model (GMMML). To estimate model parameters, a Metropolis step is incorporated with the EM algorithm to form the so-called the Monte Carlo Expectation Maximization (MCEM). The MCEM method can handle complicated fixed-effects and random-effects structures with a probit link. The major advantage of the MCEM is to resolve the problem of high-dimensional integrals by substituting the sample mean of Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC).
The MCEM is not a new method, yet it has not been applied to the model developed in this study. Accordingly, the detailed MCEM procedures are described, including the Metropolis-Hastings step for yielding maximum likelihood estimator for the GMMML, the specification of candidate density, and the calculation of moving probability. Simulation studies are conducted to investigate the performance of these estimators in term of parameter recovery and effects of model misspecification. The results suggest that the estimation of the fixed-effects is more satisfactory than that of the random-effects. The deviance residual statistic is used to investigate the effects of model misspecification. When the generating model is a fixed-effect model, using a fixed-effect model or a random-effect model to analyze the data makes no substantial difference. However, when the generating model is a random-effect model, using a random-effect model to analyze the data yields substantially better model-data-fit than using a fixed-effect model.
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Yeh, Ya-Chin, and 葉亞青. "Multinomial Repeated Measurements Analysis in Baseline-Categorical Logit Model." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/34840324248603540597.
Full textAbstract:
碩士<br>中原大學<br>應用數學研究所<br>97<br>This research mainly divides into six major parts, the first part explains the research background and the research goal; the second part is the literature discussion; the third part is the research technique, which explains the theory inferential and the used model; the fourth part is the simulation analysis, utilizes above, the old model and the new model to analysis analog data, observation analysis result; the fifth part is the example analysis, above new model and old model analysis example, observation analysis result; last part is this research conclusion, uses fourth chapter and the fifth chapter of result, explains the difference between the new model and the old model.
The main mathematics theory contains Multinomial Distribution, Weighted Least Squares, Categorical Data, Baseline-Categorical and Wald test.
In the repeated measure experiment, commonly used General Linear Model to carry on the data analysis when the variable belongs to the categorical data, General Linear Model groups the data, calculates the estimated value then to carry on the data analysis, this research using Baseline-Categorical Logit Model to estimate the data then carries on the data analysis. Finally aims at the analysis which two kinds of models obtain to estimate and analyzes the result to carry on the comparison, compared with two kind of model's accuracies are this research goals.
In the data analysis part of this paper, this article uses the estimated value is obtained from the new method and the old method, and the hypothesis parent substance probability to calculates Bias and MSE, the result showed calculates MSE from Baseline-Categorical Logit Model is smaller than or was equal to that obtains MSE from General Linear Model, then carries on the hypothesis testing to the results separately, the testing result showed that two methods obtained reject rate to be the same. Because of the above result, may know the sample probability which Baseline-Categorical Logit Model estimates to be quite close the actual parent population probability, but in the testing aspect, the effect is the same.
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Yuan, Shu-Mei, and 袁淑湄. "An Application of the Mixed Multinomial Logit Model on Taiwan Housing Choice." Thesis, 2003. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/64662287363716452739.
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碩士<br>國立成功大學<br>都市計劃學系碩博士班<br>91<br>The understanding of housing choice behavior is a prerequisite for enlightened housing policy. Since proposed by McFadden in the 1970s, the Multinomial Logit(MNL) has been widely used in the housing demand literature. The MNL has the property that the ratio of the probabilities of choosing any two alternatives is independent of the availability of the third alternative, which is termed the independence from irrelevant alternatives(IIA) property. The IIA is a property in homogeneous populations, but not a property in heterogeneous populations. Any significant violation of the assumptions of the MNL model will usually cause the IIA property fail to be valid.
McFadden and Train(2000) introduced the mixed multinomial logit (MMNL) which takes account that households might be heterogeneous populations. The model accommodates the presence of taste heterogeneity in the sampled population. This engenders a covariance matrix with off-diagonal identifying the correlations between the alternatives.
We use the Panel Study of Family Dynamics(PSFD) executed in 1999 by the Institute of Economics to establish the MNL and MMNL models. After application, we conclude that using MMNL models to diagnose the validity of IIA property can derive the same conclusion from HM test. And if the IIA property doesn’t hold in the MNL model, using the same model specification to establish the MMNL can improve the model explanation power significantly. We also find that, according to the sample, households in Taiwan have different preference for the attribute of toilet. Around 35% of the households in the market have positive attitude, while 65% are negative.
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CHIEN-LUNG, LIAO, and 廖建隆. "A Study of Mortgage Borrower Prepayment Behavior in Taiwan:A Multinomial Logit Model Approach." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/54856195616197197314.
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碩士<br>輔仁大學<br>金融研究所<br>93<br>ABSTRACT
This thesis use Multinomial Logit Model to explain mortgage borrower’s payment behaviors (normal payments, partial prepayments, full prepayments, overdue or default). We select ten measures to explain the prepayment behaviors of mortgage homeowners in the northern part of Taiwan（ages, sexual of borrowers, locations of houses, ages and balance ratios of loans, records of prepayments, spreads of contract interests and one year time deposit interests, spreads of stock market returns and contract interests, loan to value, and the careers of borrowers）. Our approach is different form the previous studies in Taiwan. First, we use a multinomial choice model in stead of the binomial choice model after used in this area of study in Taiwan. Secondly, our borrowers make decisions on how to pay their monthly payment each month.
The empirical results indicate that ages of borrowers, spreads of contract interests and one year time deposit interests, spreads of stock market returns and loan to value are significantly and positively related to partial prepayments; while ages and balance ratios of loans are significantly and negatively related to partial prepayments. The ratios of loans balance, spreads of contract interests and one year time deposit interests, spreads of stock market returns and contract interests and loan to value ratio are positively related to the possibilities of overdue payments, while the ages of the loans are negatively related to it. In addition, genders of borrowers are not related to the possible of overdue payments. The locations of houses will also affect the possibilities of partial prepayments, while the Taipei city has higher rate than other cities. And the borrowers who had partial prepayments records in the past will also have higher possibilities of partial prepayments in the future, and of course, lower possibilities of overdue payments. The careers of borrowers also play an important role. Dealers and people of other careers have more probability of overdue payments, while the government employees show less. Dealers, people of other careers and government employees have higher possibilities of partial prepayments.
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Wu, Chung-chun, and 吳忠君. "The Comparison of Specification Tests for the Multinomial Logit Model--Monte Carlo Method." Thesis, 1997. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/52102646920063355597.
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碩士<br>國立中央大學<br>產業經濟研究所<br>85<br>Qualitative response models have been used in a variety of
situations in applied econometrics, transportation choice,
public strategy, financial decision and prediction, consumers''
selection, social and behavior science, etc. for a long history.
These models are developed more widely and deeply in
econometrics in the recent years. By far the model specification
which is used most often is the multinomial logit (MNL) model.
Yet it is widely known that a potentially important drawback of
the MNL model is the Independence from irrelevant alternatives
(IIA) property which means that all qualitative alternatives are
neither similar nor substitutable. This is a very strict
constraint. In this paper we provide three computationally
convenient specification tests for the MNL model and apply Monte
Carlo method to simulate the whole process. The first test is
HM(Hausman and McFadden,1984) test, the second is SH(Small and
Hsiao, 1985) test, and the third is MTT(McFadden, Train, & Tye)
test. One more test which we called it MTTB is made for being
compared to SH and MTT tests. The basic idea for all tests is to
test the reverse implication of the IIA property. And the tests''
type except the HM test is built on likelihood ratio test
procedure. Therefore, for the sake of a consistent comparison
base we use the Nested Logit Model to be our true model. Our
results are interesting. We examine these tests by multiple
layers and by multiple viewpoints, especially on test size,
stability, and power.In general, HM test is excellent both in
size and power, MTT is the second, which power is not bad but
its size is asymptotically accepting the null hypothesis. SH
test has the worst power among the three tests, although it has
exact size. Other results includes the problem of Small-Hsiao
corrected MTT version test, the applicability of HM test, and a
new method we find to regenerate the dependent variable can
upsurge MTT test.
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Wei, Yingqi, B. Liu, and X. Liu. "Entry modes of foreign direct investment in China: A multinomial logit approach." 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/3082.
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No<br>The existing empirical literature on foreign direct investment (FDI) entry strategies tends to allow a binary choice between wholly owned enterprises (WOEs) and equity joint ventures (EJVs) or between greenfield investment and acquisition only. The current study specifies a multinomial logit model for the choice from all four FDI entry modes in China. Five hypotheses are developed based on transaction cost economics and tested on a data set covering 10,607 foreign investment projects in China. A foreign investor seems to prefer the WOE mode given its large investment commitment, a high level of the host country's experience in attracting FDI, a good specific industrial location, and a high asset intensity in the host industry. If the conditions of host country experience and good specific location are not met, the EJV and the joint stock company (JSC) modes seem to be of greater use. A good specific location also makes the contractual joint venture (CJV) a preferable entry mode. Compared with overseas Chinese investors from Hong Kong, Macao, and Taiwan, other foreign investors prefer EJVs over WOEs and CJVs. The results have important implications for managers.
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Thuy, Tran Trong, and Tran Trong Thuy. "Buyer Decision Making for Buying Luxury Car in Taiwan - An Application of Multinomial Logit Model." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/05132250380069643171.
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碩士<br>亞洲大學<br>經營管理學系碩士班<br>101<br>The worldwide automobile market has been booming fast in recent years. Millions of automotive production are making and buying yearly in every nation. Especially, the luxury car segment is looked as one of the biggest markets. It has marketed rapidly growth, reaching USD $320.12 billion in 2010.
Taiwan luxury car market is credibility in order to develop. There is supporting from the government with flexible policy, domestic sales are growing stably, and the application of innovation technology which provides for the industry.
Therefore, the objective of the research is to access what factors influence on buyer decision making for buying luxury car in Taiwan. There were 656 respondents with total luxury car using number of 1287 vehicles in 11 main cities in Taiwan. This study specifically focuses on exploring affected factors make Taiwanese buyers want to buy a luxury car. An Application of Multinomial Logit model was used for analysis.
The results showed that the buyer demographic, car dealer issues, luxury car features and targeted English car, German car, Japanese car and Swedish car all played an important role in determining the buyer’s decision towards luxury car in Taiwan. The influences of buyer demographic, car dealers, luxury car features, German car, and Japanese car must be considered while planning of marketers in Taiwan. The Taiwanese buyers extremely get affection from these matters in terms of buying a luxury car.
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Bayar, Emine. "Analysis of Whole Milk vs. Low-Fat Milk Consumption Among WIC Children Before Programmatic Changes." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2011-05-9436.
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The Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) is one of the food assistance programs targeted at low-income women, infants and children up to age five by providing foods, nutrition education and other services. Recent updates in food packages provided by WIC include the addition of fruits, vegetables and whole wheat products as well as the removal of whole milk for women and children two years and older. This thesis concentrates on preschool children participants in the WIC program and their milk consumption habits prior to programmatic changes. Analyzing diet preferences of these children is crucial since a quarter of the population of children aged one thorough five participates in the WIC program; as well, they are not eligible to receive whole milk with WIC food packages after the implementation of revisions.
The objective is to describe the profile of preschool WIC children and their milk consumption attributes based on the National Food and Nutrition (NATFAN) questionnaire designed and conducted by the Institute for Obesity Research and Program Evaluation at Texas A & M University before the release of the revised WIC food packages. Additionally, findings of the study are compared with the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2005-2006 dataset results. Milk consumption preferences of WIC children are analyzed nationwide and impacts of race, ethnicity, regional, and other demographic characteristics are observed. Using both NATFAN and NHANES datasets provides a comparison of actual and self-reported participation outcomes.
Discrete choice models were used in this analysis, in particular binary logit and multinomial logit models. The results of the thesis indicate that WIC preschool children mostly drink whole milk (36.17 percent) and 2 percent fat milk (49.94 percent). Two year old participants, children located in the South and participants whose caregivers are younger and less educated are more likely to consume whole milk. Caucasian children are less likely to choose whole milk and more likely to choose reduced fat milk; African Americans are more likely to select whole milk. Furthermore, diet preferences and knowledge of parents/caregivers play a major role on milk consumption of children. Children whose caregivers are willing to give low-fat milk to children aged two to five are less likely to drink whole milk.
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Chia-Chi, Chang, and 張家齊. "Applying the Multinomial Logit Model on Analyzing the Relationship between BMI and Physical Activity in Adolescents." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/g76793.
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碩士<br>國立暨南國際大學<br>經濟學系<br>101<br>World Health Organization pointed out that both developing and developed countries have the presence of rapidly increasing obesity growth rate in recent years. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the effectiveness of physical activity to develop a healthy BMI status. By surveying junior high school students in Taichung metropolitan area, 1,165 observations were collected, including 597 male samples and 567 female samples. The theory of Social Dynamics of Obesity developed by Burke and Heiland (2007) is adopted for the analytical basis. According to the BMI data, the respondents are divided into the categories of underweight, normal, overweight, and obesity. Since the dependent variables are multicategorical, the study applies Multinomial Logit Regression analysis because of the efficiency and consistency on estimation.
With all sample data, the empirical results show that parental BMI and gender significantly affect adolescent weight status, and increasing physical activity level can significantly reduce the probability of being obese. For boys, the empirical results indicate that parental BMI significantly affect the possibility of being underweight. More importantly, increasing physical activity level not only reduces the possibility of being obese but also reduces the possibility of being underweight. For girls, the empirical results indicate that the possibiltiy of being obese increases when their mothers work. However, if girls have regular exercise habits, they can significantly reduce the chance of obesity.
In sum, this study suggests that the government can promote the importance of exercise and regular exercise to the adolescents, as well as to support the parents, especially working parents on inspecting the adolescents with health lifestly for helping the adolescents to enhance health.
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Pakdeethai, Pimrak. "The Effect of Welfare Reform on Childbirth, Marriage, and Divorce." 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2009-08-3273.
Full textAbstract:
This dissertation contains two essays on the effect of welfare reform on child-
birth, marriage, and divorce. In the first essay, I exploit the cross state variation in
welfare reform implementation to identify its effect on birth rates. The results from
multinomial logit models suggest that the welfare reform significantly increased the
probability of marital births. The out-of-wedlock birth rates decreased but this effect
is not significant. The strong work incentives decrease birth rates in both marital
and non-marital statuses suggesting that bearing a child is not appealing for women
who are more progressive in careers. However, the most aggressive welfare policy
significantly increases marital birth as expected. Birth rates among teenage girls are
not affected by the welfare reform. I further investigate the effect of the family cap
policy. Using a semi-natural experiment, I compare the birth rate of women who
already have had a second or higher order birth (treatment group) to women who
have had one child (comparison group), in states with and without family caps. The
difference in difference estimates reveal a strictly negative effect of family caps on the
higher order birth rates as expected.
In the second essay, I use reduced-form estimation and cross-state variation in
timing of reform adoption to extract both mechanical and behavioral effects of welfare
reform on marriage and divorce likelihood. I construct a flow measure of marriage and
divorce by matching individuals in the Current Population Survey from March 1988B
to 2002 and observing changes in marital status. I introduce a converse matching procedure to detect women who are not in the survey for two consecutive years. I
find that the welfare reform has a significantly negative effect on marriage rates and
an insignificant effect on divorce rates. The Difference-in-Difference estimates suggest that marriage among disadvantaged women is negatively affected by the welfare
reform. I also provide a theoretical model to decompose the effect of welfare reform
on marriage due to each of the components of the reform, i.e., time limits, work sanctions, earnings disregards, and maximum cash benefits. My results provide a novel
explanation for the effects of work incentives and welfare restrictions on marriage.
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Aziz, Salma. "Investigating the Single Category Belief Problem in a Hybrid Product." Thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10214/2840.
Full textAbstract:
Existing research suggests that when consumers encounter hybrid products or boundary-spanning products with attributes belonging to multiple categories, consumers tend to generate inferences based on only a single product category. Reliance on a single category for inferencing is termed as the “single category belief problem” which has been regarded as a vital marketing challenge because it leads consumers to underestimate the true utility of a hybrid product as certain product attributes are ignored. Our objective was to explore whether single category beliefs manifest in consumer choice for a hybrid product when strategically placed within varying contexts. The research used discrete choice experiment (DCE) to test hypotheses. Our research confirms that the single category belief is evident in consumer choice. We also found that the context the hybrid product is placed within has a major influence on what consumers preferred the most. Depending on the context a hybrid product was seen in had significant influence on how consumers evaluated product attributes and made purchase decisions. The findings for this research may be very beneficial for marketers.
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Huang, Chen Shun, and 黃建順. "Analysis of Intraday''s Discrete Price Changes in Taiwan Stock Market -- The Application of Ordered Probit, Multinomial Logit Model." Thesis, 1994. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/36630135936411377868.
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Baronaite, Lina. "Cross-Border Contagion in the Banking Sector: The Case of Nordic Countries." Master's thesis, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-332001.
Full textAbstract:
"Cross-Border Contagion in the Banking Sector: The Case of Nordic Countries" by Lina Baronaite Abstract: The objective of the thesis is to estimate the degree of cross-border contagion among the Nordic banking sectors. It analyzes a sample of sixteen largest listed Nordic banks from January 2004 to January 2014. Using a multinomial logit model we test whether there is any degree of contagion among the four banking sectors, whether it is more pro- nounced for larger banks and whether the recent financial crisis has exacerbated it. Our results are in line with similar studies conducted for other countries. In particular, we find that a shock in one bank- ing sector is positively associated with an increase in shocks in another banking sector. Second, these shocks are larger and more significant for larger and more active international banks. Finally, the effect of the recent financial crisis has ambiguous effects on the cross-sectoral banking contagion. It appears that contagious links between some sec- tors weakened (Sweden and Denmark, Sweden and Finland). Other economies (Sweden and Norway) on the contrary became more depen- dent on each other. The results are robust to a wide variety of changes in specifications.