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Journal articles on the topic 'Multipass welding'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 17 February 2022

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1

Saida, Kazuyoshi, Masashi Sakamoto, and Kazutoshi Nishimoto. "Mechanical Approach for Prediction of Microcracking in Multipass Weld Metal of Ni-Base Alloy 690." Materials Science Forum 580-582 (June 2008): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.580-582.1.

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The occurrence of microcracks, especially ductility-dip crack in multipass weld metal during GTAW and laser overlay welding processes of Ni-base alloy 690 was predicted by the mechanical approach. The stress/strain analysis in multipass welds was conducted using the thermo elasto-plastic finite element method. The brittle temperature range for ductility-dip cracking (DTR) of the reheated weld metal was determined by the Varestraint test. Plastic strain in the weld metal accumulated with applying the weld thermal cycle in multipass welding. The plastic strain-temperature curve in the La free weld metal did not cross the DTR in the cooling stage of GTAW process, however, it crossed the DTR in the cooling stage of reheating process by subsequent welding. On the other hand, the plastic strain-temperature curves of any weld passes in the La added weld metal did not cross the DTR. Ductility-dip cracks occurred in the La free weld metal except for the final layer, however, any ductility-dip cracks did not occur in the La added weld metal during multipass welding. It could be understood that ductility-dip crack would occur during not only single-pass welding but also multipass welding when plastic strain intersected the DTR.

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2

Yushchenko, K. A., S. M. Kozulin, I. I. Lychko, and M. G. Kozulin. "Joining of thick metal by multipass electroslag welding." Paton Welding Journal 2014, no. 9 (September 28, 2014): 30–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/tpwj2014.09.04.

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3

Galopin, M., Y. Laroche, J. L. Coté, and J. P. Boillot. "Optimising a multipass arc welding procedure." Welding International 5, no. 7 (January 1991): 537–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09507119109447833.

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4

Giętka, T., K. Ciechacki, and T. Kik. "Numerical Simulation of Duplex Steel Multipass Welding." Archives of Metallurgy and Materials 61, no. 4 (December 1, 2016): 1975–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/amm-2016-0319.

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Abstract Analyses based on FEM calculations have significantly changed the possibilities of determining welding strains and stresses at early stages of product design and welding technology development. Such an approach to design enables obtaining significant savings in production preparation and post-weld deformation corrections and is also important for utility properties of welded joints obtained. As a result, it is possible to make changes to a simulated process before introducing them into real production as well as to test various variants of a given solution. Numerical simulations require the combination of problems of thermal, mechanical and metallurgical analysis. The study presented involved the SYSWELD software-based analysis of GMA welded multipass butt joints made of duplex steel sheets. The analysis of the distribution of stresses and displacements were carried out for typical welding procedure as during real welding tests.

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5

Ferreira, Dario, Antonio Alves, Rubelmar Cruz Neto, Thiago Martins, and Sérgio Brandi. "A New Approach to Simulate HSLA Steel Multipass Welding through Distributed Point Heat Sources Model." Metals 8, no. 11 (November 15, 2018): 951. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met8110951.

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Mechanical properties of welded joints depend on the way heat flows through the welding passes. In multipass welding the reheating of the heat affected zone (HAZ) can form local brittle zones that need to be delimited for evaluation. The difficulty lies in the choice of a model that can simulate multipass welding. This study evaluated Rosenthal’s Medium Thick Plate (MTP) and the Distributed heat Sources (DHS) of Mhyr and Gröng models. Two assumptions were considered for both models: constant and temperature-dependent physical properties. It was carried out on a multipass welding of an API 5L X80 tube, with 1016 mm (42″) external diameter, 16 mm thick and half V-groove bevel, in the 3G up position. The root pass was welded with Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW) process with controlled short-circuit transfer. The Flux Cored Arc Welding (FCAW) process was used in the filling and finishing passes, using filler metal E111T1-K3M-JH4. The evaluation criteria used were overlapping the simulated isotherms on the marks revealed in the macrographs and the comparison between the experimental thermal cycle and those simulated by the proposed models. The DHS model with the temperature-dependent properties presented the best results and simulated with accuracy the HAZ of root and second welding passes. In this way, it was possible to delimit the HAZ heated sub-regions.

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6

Saida, Kazuyoshi, Tomo Ogura, Shotaro Yamashita, and Yusuke Oikawa. "Computer Prediction of Phase Fraction in Multipass Weld of Duplex Stainless Steel - Proposal of Microstructural Improvement Welding Process -." Materials Science Forum 1016 (January 2021): 206–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1016.206.

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Computer simulation of the α/γ phase transformation in multipass weld of duplex stainless steel was made for predicting the distribution of the γ phase fraction in the weld metal (WM) and HAZ. The kinetic equations including rate constants of the dissolution behaviour as well as precipitation behaviour of γ phase were determined by isothermal heat treatment test. Based on the kinetic equations determined, the distribution of the γ phase fraction in multipass weld of duplex stainless steel was calculated applying the incremental method combined with the heat conduction analysis in welding process. The γ phase fraction was reduced in the higher temperature HAZ and WM, however, that in the reheated HAZ and WM was increased and recovered to the base metal level. Microstructural analysis revealed that the calculated results of the γ phase fraction in multipass weld were consistent with experimental ones. Based on the computer prediction, the microstructural improvement welding (“reheat bead welding”) process, with analogous concept to the temper bead welding technique, was newly proposed for recovering the γ phase fraction in weld even in the as-welded situation.

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7

Redza, Mohd Ridhwan Mohammed, Yupiter H. P. Manurung, Robert Ngendang Ak. Lidam, Mohd Shahar Sulaiman, Mohammad Ridzwan Abdul Rahim, Sunhaji Kiyai Abas, Ghalib Tham, and Chan Yin Chau. "Distortion Analysis on Multipassed Butt Weld Using FEM and Experimental Study." Advanced Materials Research 311-313 (August 2011): 811–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.311-313.811.

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This paper investigates the simulation technique for analyzing the distortion behavior induced by welding process on welded plate which was clamped on one side. This clamping method is intended to enable the investigation of the maximum distortion on the other side. FEA software SYSWELD was employed to predict multipassed butt weld distortion of low carbon steel with thicknesses of 6 mm and 9 mm. The simulation begins with the development of model geometry and meshing type followed by suitable selection of heat source model represented by the Goldak’s double ellipsoid model. Other parameters such as travel speed, heat input, clamping method etc. were determined. The model is dedicated for multipass welding techniques using Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW). The experimental works were conducted by using Robotic welding process.

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8

Murugan, S., P. V. Kumar, B. Raj, and M. S. C. Bose. "Temperature distribution during multipass welding of plates." International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping 75, no. 12 (October 1998): 891–905. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0308-0161(98)00094-5.

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9

Wu, J., J. Lucas, and J. S. Smith. "Weld bead placement system for multipass welding." IEE Proceedings - Science, Measurement and Technology 143, no. 2 (March 1, 1996): 85–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ip-smt:19960163.

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10

Sleptsov, O. I., I. T. Savvinov, and M. N. Sivtsev. "Angular strains in multipass stick electrode welding." Welding International 11, no. 12 (January 1997): 987–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09507119709447356.

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11

Jiang, W., K. Yahiaoui, F. R. Hall, and T. Laoui. "Finite Element Simulation of Multipass Welding: Full Three-Dimensional Versus Generalized Plane Strain or Axisymmetric Models." Journal of Strain Analysis for Engineering Design 40, no. 6 (August 1, 2005): 587–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/030932405x16061.

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A full three-dimensional (3D) thermo-mechanical finite element (FE) model has been developed to simulate the step-by-step multipass welding process. Non-linearities associated with welding, such as a moving heat source, material deposition, temperature-dependent material properties, latent heat, and large deformations, were taken into account. The model was applied to multipass butt-welded mild steel plate and girth butt-welded stainless steel pipe for validation. The simulation results were compared with independently obtained experimental data and numerical predictions from two-dimensional (2D) generalized plane strain and axisymmetric models. Good agreements between the 3D predictions and experimental data have been obtained. The computational model has the potential to be applied to multipass welded complex geometries for residual stress prediction.

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12

Ponomareva, I. N. "Residual welding stresses in multipass welding of circumferential joints in pipelines." Welding International 24, no. 8 (August 2010): 631–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09507111003655549.

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13

Zhang, Xiaohong, Jingqing Chen, Kang Zhang, and Hui Chen. "The softening effect of heat-treated strengthened Al–Zn–Mg alloy in welding process." International Journal of Modern Physics B 31, no. 16-19 (July 26, 2017): 1744039. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979217440398.

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Weld joint softening occurs during the welding process of heat-treatable aluminum alloys and strongly influences the mechanical properties. In this work, the softening of heat-treated Al–Zn–Mg alloy was studied in the multipass welding process. By Gleeble-3500 thermal–mechanical simulator, the heat treatment and tensile test with welding thermal cycles were carried out to simulate the microstructure evolution and mechanical softening during multipass welding. After that, the softening mechanism of the HAZ was analyzed by microstructure analysis. The results indicate that the heat-treated Al–Zn–Mg alloy exhibited obvious softening after several thermal cycles with peak temperature higher than 200[Formula: see text]C, and this phenomenon is worse with increasing peak temperature. Based on the microstructure analysis, it was found that the reinforcement phase changes according to the applied thermal cycles, which strongly affects the strength of Al–Zn–Mg alloys.

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14

Ramard, Constant, Denis Carron, Philippe Pilvin, and Florent Bridier. "Numerical Simulation of Residual Stresses due to Multipass Welding in High Strength Steel Plates and Validation against Experimental Measurements." Materials Science Forum 941 (December 2018): 269–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.941.269.

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Multipass arc welding is commonly used for thick plates assemblies in shipbuilding. Sever thermal cycles induced by the process generate inhomogeneous plastic deformation and residual stresses. Metallurgical transformations contribute at each pass to the residual stress evolution. Since residual stresses can be detrimental to the performance of the welded product, their estimation is essential and numerical modelling is useful to predict them. Finite element analysis of multipass welding of a high strength steel is achieved with a special emphasis on mechanical and metallurgical effects on residual stress. A welding mock-up was specially designed for experimental measurements of in-depth residual stresses using contour method and deep hole drilling and to provide a simplified case for simulation. The computed results are discussed through a comparison with experimental measurements.

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15

Park, Jeongung, Gyubaek An, and Sunghoon Kim. "The Effect of Welding-Pass Grouping on the Prediction Accuracy of Residual Stress in Multipass Butt Welding." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2017 (2017): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/7474020.

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The residual stress analysis of a thick welded structure requires a lot of time and computer memory, which are different from those in thin welded structure analysis. This study investigated the effect of residual stress due to welding-pass grouping as a way to reduce the analysis time in multipass thick butt welding joint. For this purpose, the parametric analysis which changes the number of grouping passes was conducted in the multipass butt weld of a structure with a thickness of 25 mm and 70 mm. In addition, the residual stress by thermal elastoplastic FE analysis is compared with the results by the neutron diffraction method for verifying the reliability of the FE analysis. The welding sequence is considered in order to predict the residual stress more accurately when using welding-pass grouping method. The results of the welding-pass grouping model and half model occurred between the results of the left/right of the full model. If the total number of welding-pass grouping is less than half of that of welding pass, a large difference with real residual stress is found. Therefore, the total number of the welding-pass grouping should not be reduced to more than half.

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16

Harinadh, Vemanaboina, G. Edison, Suresh Akella, L. Sanjeeva Reddy, and Ramesh Kumar Buddu. "Multipass Welding On Inconel Material with Pulsed Current Gas Tungsten Arc Welding." Materials Today: Proceedings 4, no. 2 (2017): 1452–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2017.01.167.

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17

Lindgren, Lars-Erik, Henrik Runnemalm, and Mats O. N�sstr�m. "Simulation of multipass welding of a thick plate." International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 44, no. 9 (March 30, 1999): 1301–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-0207(19990330)44:9<1301::aid-nme479>3.0.co;2-k.

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18

Konovalov, A. V. "Modelling structural transformations in steels in multipass welding." Welding International 19, no. 7 (July 2005): 556–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1533/wint.2005.3477.

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19

Näsström, Jonas, Jan Frostevarg, and Alexander F. H. Kaplan. "Multipass laser hot-wire welding: Morphology and process robustness." Journal of Laser Applications 29, no. 2 (May 2017): 022014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2351/1.4983758.

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20

Leitao, C., E. Arruti, E. Aldanondo, and D. M. Rodrigues. "Aluminium-steel lap joining by multipass friction stir welding." Materials & Design 106 (September 2016): 153–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2016.05.101.

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21

Dong, Z. B., and Y. H. Wei. "Three dimensional modeling weld solidification cracks in multipass welding." Theoretical and Applied Fracture Mechanics 46, no. 2 (October 2006): 156–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tafmec.2006.07.007.

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22

Ferro, P., F. Berto, and N. M. James. "Asymptotic residual stress distribution induced by multipass welding processes." International Journal of Fatigue 101 (August 2017): 421–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2016.11.022.

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23

Buzorina, D. S., M. A. Sholokhov, and M. P. Shalimov. "Improvement of the procedure of mode parameter calculation for gas-shielded multipass welding." Paton Welding Journal 2014, no. 10 (October 28, 2014): 26–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/tpwj2014.10.05.

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24

Nesterenkov, V. M., L. A. Kravchuk, Yu A. Arkhangelsky, and Yu V. Orsa. "Formation of welded joints of magnesium alloys in pulse multipass electron beam welding." Paton Welding Journal 2017, no. 4 (April 28, 2017): 35–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/tpwj2017.04.07.

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25

Jiang, Wei, Kadda Yahiaoui, and Frank R. Hall. "Finite Element Predictions of Temperature Distributions in a Multipass Welded Piping Branch Junction." Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology 127, no. 1 (February 1, 2005): 7–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1845450.

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This contribution deals with the complex temperature profiles that are generated by the welding process in the intersection region of thick walled, cylinder-cylinder junctions. These affect material microstructure, mechanical properties and residual stresses. Knowledge of the thermal history and temperature distributions are thus critical in developing control schemes for acceptable residual stress distributions to improve in-service component behavior. A comprehensive study of three-dimensional temperature distributions in a stainless steel tee branch junction during a multipass welding process is presented. A newly developed partitioning technique has been used to mesh the complex intersection areas of the welded junction. Various phenomena associated with welding, such as temperature dependent material properties, heat loss by convection and latent heat have been taken into consideration. The temperature distribution at various times after deposition of certain passes and the thermal cycles at various locations are reported. The results obtained in this study will be used for on-going and future analysis of residual stress distributions. The meshing technique and modeling method can also be applied to other curved, multipass welds in complex structures.

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26

Jiang, Wei, and Kadda Yahiaoui. "Finite Element Prediction of Residual Stress Distributions in a Multipass Welded Piping Branch Junction." Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology 129, no. 4 (September 13, 2006): 601–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2767343.

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Piping branch junctions and nozzle attachments to main pressure vessels are common engineering components used in the power, oil and gas, and shipbuilding industries amongst others. These components are usually fabricated by multipass welding. The latter process is known to induce residual stresses at the fabrication stage, which can have severe adverse effects on the in-service behavior of such critical components. It is thus desirable if the distributions of residual stresses can be predicted well in advance of welding execution. This paper presents a comprehensive study of three dimensional residual stress distributions in a stainless steel tee branch junction during a multipass welding process. A full three dimensional thermomechanical finite element model has been developed for this purpose. A newly developed meshing technique has been used to model the complex intersection areas of the welded junction with all hexahedral elements. Element removal/reactivate technique has been employed to simulate the deposition of filler material. Material, geometry, and boundary nonlinearities associated with welding were all taken into account. The analysis results are presented in the form of stress distributions circumferentially along the weld line on both run and branch pipes as well as at the run and branch cross sections. In general, this computational model is capable of predicting three dimensional through-thickness welding residual stress, which can be valuable for structural integrity assessments of complex welded geometries.

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27

Kisasoz, A., M. Tümer, and A. Karaaslan. "Microstructure, Mechanical and Corrosion Properties of UNS 32205 Duplex Stainless Steel Weldment Joints by Multipass FCAW." Practical Metallography 58, no. 6 (June 1, 2021): 332–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pm-2021-0025.

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Abstract In this study, the effect of multipass welding on the microstructure, mechanical and corrosion properties of the UNS 32205 duplex stainless steels (DSS) is investigated. The UNS 32205 DSS is welded in 3 or 7 passes by flux-cored arc welding (FCAW) using E2209 T1 – 1/4 flux cored wire. The weldments are characterized by light optical microscopy (LOM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), Feritscope analysis, Charpy impact tests and electrochemical corrosion tests. The results suggest that the multipass FCAW process induces the formation of γ2 in the weld seam. The mechanical and the corrosion properties of the weld joints are affected by the heat input variation and the phase transformations. Especially, the formation of the γ2 in the weld seam results in a decrease in the corrosion resistance of the joint samples.

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28

Garcia, Lucas Martins, Verônica Teixeira Noronha, and João Ribeiro. "Effect of Welding Orientation in Angular Distortion in Multipass GMAW." Journal of Manufacturing and Materials Processing 5, no. 2 (June 18, 2021): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmmp5020063.

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The use of the welding process on an industrial scale has become significant over the years and is currently among the main processes for joining metallic materials. Along the weld, structural changes occur in the vicinity of the joint. These thermal stresses and geometric distortions are mostly undesirable and are complex to predict with precision. Using S235JR steel as the base material, laboratory experiments were carried out using the multipass GMAW process, with the aim of investigating the influence of the welding direction on angular distortion. To measure the distortions, a methodology was applied using equipment to identify the coordinates in the operational space with metrological precision. Through metrological and statistical analyses, we found that the orientation factor significantly influenced the final distortions and that the alternated orientation sequence resulted in less distortions.

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29

Park, Jeong-Ung, GyuBaek An, Wan Chuck Woo, Jae-hyouk Choi, and Ninshu Ma. "Comparison of Measured Residual Stress Distributions in Extra-Thick Butt Welds Joined by One-Pass EGW and Multipass FCAW." Advances in Mechanical Engineering 6 (January 1, 2014): 861247. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/861247.

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This study is to measure the welding residual stress distributions in a 70 mm-thick butt weld by one-pass electron gas welding using both the inherent strain method and neutron diffraction method, respectively. Based on the measurement results, the characteristics of residual stress distribution through thickness were compared between one-pass electron gas welding and multipass flux-cored arc welding. Residual stresses in the specimens of electron gas welding measured by the inherent strain method and neutron diffraction method were well matched. The longitudinal residual stress in the multi-pass flux-cored arc welding is tensile through all thicknesses in the welding fusion zone. Meanwhile, longitudinal residual stress in electron gas welding is tensile on both surfaces and compressive at the inside of the plate. The magnitude of residual stresses due to electron gas welding is lower than that due to flux-cored arc welding.

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30

Sedmak, Aleksandar, Drakce Tanaskovic, and Alin Murariu. "Experimental and analytical evaluation of preheating temperature during multipass repair welding." Thermal Science 21, no. 2 (2017): 1003–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci160324077s.

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Experimental measurement and analytical calculation of preheating, i. e. interpass temperature during multi-pass repair welding has been presented. Analytical calculation is based on heat transfer analysis, whereas measurements have been performed by thermovision camera. Repair welding was performed on crane wheels in the Steelworks Smederevo. Comparison of results indicated that analytical calculation is good enough as the first approximation, but it needs further elaboration, e. g. taking into account the radiation component of heat dissipation and/or temperature dependence of material thermomechanical properties.

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31

de Alencar Pires, Sandro, Marcos Flavio de Campos, C. J. Marcelo, and Carlos Roberto Xavier. "Secondary Austenite Precipitation during the Welding of Duplex Stainless Steels." Materials Science Forum 869 (August 2016): 562–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.869.562.

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In this work a multipass welding procedure was carried out on a 2205 Duplex stainless steels (DDS) plate. Due to the reheating cycle caused by the adopted procedure, it has favored the precipitation of secondary austenite at the weldment microstructure, besides of encouraging the grain growth at the heat affected zone (HAZ).

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32

Vemanaboina, Harinadh, G. Edison, and Suresh Akella. "Distortion control in multi pass dissimilar GTAW process using Taguchi ANOVA analysis." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 3 (June 23, 2018): 1140. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i3.12607.

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The present study is to observe the distortion development in the weldment of Inconel 625 to SS316L multipass weldments. In this work two-level factors such as welding process, filler wire and root gap were employed with L4 orthogonal array. The welding has been carried out with continuous current and pulsed current gas tungsten arc welding process implementing ERNiCrMo-3 and ERNiCr-3 fillers rods respectively. The fractional factorial experimentation was analysis of variances (ANOVA), it was carried out to observe the critical parame-ter which influence distortion caused in the weldments. The quality of welds has been evaluated by X-Ray Radiography test. The results show that welding process and filler wire are contributing more in the distortion.

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33

Fassani, R. N. S., and O. V. Trevisan. "Analytical modeling of multipass welding process with distributed heat source." Journal of the Brazilian Society of Mechanical Sciences and Engineering 25, no. 3 (September 2003): 302–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1678-58782003000300013.

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34

Murugan, S., T. P. S. Gill, P. V. Kumar, B. Raj, and M. S. C. Bose. "Numerical modelling of temperature distribution during multipass welding of plates." Science and Technology of Welding and Joining 5, no. 4 (August 2000): 208–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/136217100101538227.

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35

Krishnan, S., D. V. Kulkarni, and A. De. "Multipass pulsed current gas metal arc welding of P91 steel." Science and Technology of Welding and Joining 21, no. 3 (March 30, 2016): 171–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/1362171815y.0000000080.

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36

Wojnowski, D., Y. K. Oh, and J. E. Indacochea. "Metallurgical Assessment of the Softened HAZ Region During Multipass Welding." Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering 122, no. 2 (October 1, 1997): 310–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.538920.

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CrMoV steels are used in high temperature and high stress sections of power plant members; their good creep resistance is impaired by welding done during fabrication of assemblies and weld repair of service damaged rotors. Occurrence of a “softening” (“tempered”) region in the grain refined heat-affected zone/intercritical heat-affected zone, has become the limiting factor in the life extension of weld repaired high pressure/intermediate pressure steam turbine rotors. This study focuses on the effect that multiple thermal cycles have on the development of this softened region. Work was conducted on real weldments and with simulated heat-affected zones produced with the Gleeble thermomechanical simulator and by isothermal furnace heat treatments. The thermal cycle at the softening region in the actual weldment was measured and reproduced during simulation; it was estimated that the peak temperature at this location was just above the intercritical A1 temperature. Softening occurred before any changes in microstructure could be detected with the light microscope. Carbide coarsening, shown by limited TEM analysis, and the likely dissolution of some of the carbides, most probable, contributed to reduce the microhardness values. [S1087-1357(00)70202-4]

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37

Bo¨rjesson, Lars, and Lars-Erik Lindgren. "Simulation of Multipass Welding With Simultaneous Computation of Material Properties." Journal of Engineering Materials and Technology 123, no. 1 (March 14, 2000): 106–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1310307.

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Multipass butt welding of two 0.2 m thick steel plates has been investigated. The objective is to calculate residual stresses and compare them with measured residual stresses. The material properties depend on temperature and temperature history. This dependency is accounted for by computing the microstructure evolution and using this information for computing material properties. This is done by assigning temperature dependent material properties to each phase and applying mixture rules to predict macro material properties. Two different materials have been used for the microstructure calculation, one for the base material and one for the filler material.

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38

Zegarra Torres, Victor Daniel, Murilo Augusto Vaz, and Julio Cesar Ramalho Cyrino. "Correction of plate welding-induced distortions by multipass line heating." Marine Systems & Ocean Technology 11, no. 3-4 (July 12, 2016): 44–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40868-016-0016-9.

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39

Toyoda, Masao, Masahito Mochizuki, and Yoshiki Mikami. "Metallurgical and Mechanical Heterogeneity in Weld Materials Considering Multiple Heat Cycles and Phase Transformation." Materials Science Forum 512 (April 2006): 19–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.512.19.

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Joint performances such as tensile strength and hardness in multi-pass welds are induced from both metallurgical and mechanical heterogeneity due to the difference of welding conditions. Hardness distribution in multi-pass weld metal is evaluated with a numerical simulation considering multiple heat cycles and phase transformation. Hardness of multipass weld metal is calculated with the rule of mixture by using fraction and hardness of each microstructure. In order to calculate fraction of each microstructure, CCT diagram was used. Conventional CCT diagrams of weld metal is not available even for single pass weld metal, thus new diagrams for multi-pass weld metals are created in this study. Modified diagrams for multi-pass weld metals with reheating effect were more dependent on the maximum temperature in reheating than the welding conditions. Hardness distribution is precisely predicted when the created CCT diagram for the multipass weld metal was used and the detailed calculation of weld thermal cycle is done.

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40

Olson, D. L., Young Do Park, S. Liu, J. E. Jackson, A. N. Lasseigne-Jackson, and E. Metzbower. "Engineered Weld Design: Are Composite Welds Likely in the Future?" Materials Science Forum 580-582 (June 2008): 307–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.580-582.307.

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Utilizing alternating welding process parameters, deposition practices, and welding consumables, particularly during multiple pass welding, it is possible to improve a variety of weld metal properties. There are available a number of phenomena occurring during welding that allow weld metal designers the ability to generate macro- and micro-structural features amenable to implementation of composite theory. These phenomena include solidification microsegregation during dendrite growth, gas-metal reactions between the selected alternating shielding gas composition and weld pool, and solidification microstructural orientation during welding. Additional methods of producing composite welds including specially designed weld compositions, weld metal solidification modification by arc pulsing, and dual wire deposition may be utilized to achieve single pass and multipass composite weld metal deposition. Composite welds are a potential method to solve challenging demands such as high-toughness at low temperature, creep strength at high temperature, and customized design for corrosion, wear, or cracking resistance.

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Josefson, B. L., L. O. Wikander, J. F. Hederstierna, and F. K. Johansson. "Welding Residual Distortions in Ring-Stiffened Pipes." Journal of Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering 118, no. 2 (May 1, 1996): 121–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2828820.

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A fast and simple method for the determination of the residual deformation for a class of welding problems, ring-stiffened pipes, is proposed. The method can predictradial as well as angular distortion of the thin-walled pipe-ring-stiffener/flange assembly. The pipe and stiffener material is elasto-plastic. In particular, the accumulation of deformation in multipass welding is incorporated in the model. Each weld pass is treated separately. This facilitates the assessment of the influence of the sequence in which the weld passes are deposited on the residual deformation state. The method will be included in a conversational knowledge-based “expert” system for the production of a welded ring-stiffened pipe.

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Kasuya, T., Y. Hashiba, S. Ohkita, and M. Fuji. "Heat conduction analysis of bidirectional multipass welding with short bead lengths." Science and Technology of Welding and Joining 5, no. 4 (August 2000): 215–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/136217100101538236.

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Grinin, V. V., and V. V. Ovchinnikov. "A torch for multipass welding annular joints with a scanning arc." Welding International 3, no. 4 (January 1989): 326. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09507118909447651.

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Tabatchikov, A. S., and A. V. Pryakhin. "Residual displacement in multipass welding with wires of different structural grades." Welding International 4, no. 10 (January 1990): 810–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09507119009452188.

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45

Duranton, P., J. Devaux, V. Robin, P. Gilles, and J. M. Bergheau. "3D modelling of multipass welding of a 316L stainless steel pipe." Journal of Materials Processing Technology 153-154 (November 2004): 457–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2004.04.128.

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Moon, H. S., and R. J. Beattie. "Development of Adaptive Fill Control for Multitorch Multipass Submerged Arc Welding." International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology 19, no. 12 (June 20, 2002): 867–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001700200098.

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Kala, Shirish R., N. Siva Prasad, and G. Phanikumar. "Studies on multipass welding with trailing heat sink considering phase transformation." Journal of Materials Processing Technology 214, no. 6 (June 2014): 1228–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2014.01.008.

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Maekawa, Akira, Atsushi Kawahara, Hisashi Serizawa, and Hidekazu Murakawa. "Fast three-dimensional multipass welding simulation using an iterative substructure method." Journal of Materials Processing Technology 215 (January 2015): 30–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2014.08.004.

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Lopez-Jauregi, A., I. Ulacia, J. A. Esnaola, D. Ugarte, and I. Torca. "Procedure to predict residual stress pattern in spray transfer multipass welding." International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology 76, no. 9-12 (October 5, 2014): 2117–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00170-014-6424-0.

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Almeida, Luiz Fernando Cursino Briet de, Julio Cesar Lourenco, Maria Ismenia Sodero Toledo Faria, Decio Lima Vieira, Alain Laurent Marie Robin, and Carlos Angelo Nunes. "Vibratory Stress Relief and Vibratory Weld Conditioning of Flux cored arc welded CA6NM steel." Journal of Materials Science Research 9, no. 1 (December 31, 2019): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jmsr.v9n1p32.

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ASTM A743 CA6NM steel is used in the manufacturing of hydraulic turbines components. Multipass welding is commonly used for their fabrication or repairing. In this work, two different vibratory welding procedures were studied: vibration applied during welding (VWC) and vibration applied after welding (VSR). Results have shown that in both conditions, CA6NM steel presented a martensitic microstructure, in which the VSR welded joint presented column-shaped packets and fine martensite delineating the individual beads, while VWC joint presented grain refinement. Heat affected zones (HAZ) presented δ-phase in small amounts for both conditions in the regions which reached higher temperatures. VSR and VWC conditions presented similar behavior in terms of hardness, HAZ hardness values being close to those of the weld metal, except for the root regions, where higher values were obtained. Charpy-V results showed that HAZs presented higher impact values than those of the weld metal. The low impact values of the weld metal were attributed to presence of inclusions from the welding electrode.

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