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Journal articles on the topic 'Multiphase interactions'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 20 February 2023

Last updated: 19 July 2025

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Waggoner, Erin B. "Measuring the Mediated Imagined Interaction Hypothesis: Scale Development." Imagination, Cognition and Personality 43, no. 4 (2024): 312–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/02762366241247779.

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Expanding the Mediated Imagined Interaction Hypothesis, this article contributes the development of a scale to test the theoretical construct. Interweaving imagined interactions and media, the mediated imagined interaction hypothesis examines how media impacts how people imagine their real life conversations and interactions with others. The multiphase scale development and testing process for the Mediated Imagined Interaction Scale are presented in this article. Further explorations for application of this scale are discussed.

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Ismayilov, G. G. "Multiphase technologies in oil-gas production." Azerbaijan Oil Industry, no. 11 (November 15, 2020): 42–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.37474/0365-8554/2020-11-42-46.

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Emergency cases, complications, maximum energetic cost, human and material expenses, negative impact on the environment in the oil-gas production taking place in the system “ well – oil and gas collection” are predominantly associated with the multiphase and multicomponent well production. Considering the research results of recent years, we can mark that in the view of hydraulic properties of the flows and interactions of seperate phases, currently are formed multiphase technologies, on the basis of which solution of various issues and increase of efficiency of technological processes in production, collection, transportation and storage of oil and gas becomes possible. The paper reviews the perspectives of solution of few issues of oil-gas production using multiphase technologies, on the basis of which the phase interaction lies. Some problems of oil-gas production, the solution of which becomes possible with multiphase technologies are noted as well.

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Berlinger, Sarah A., Samay Garg, and Adam Z. Weber. "Multicomponent, multiphase interactions in fuel-cell inks." Current Opinion in Electrochemistry 29 (October 2021): 100744. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.coelec.2021.100744.

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Sedarsky, David, Mattias Rahm, and Mark Linne. "Visualization of acceleration in multiphase fluid interactions." Optics Letters 41, no. 7 (2016): 1404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ol.41.001404.

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Halik, Azhar, Rahmatjan Imin, Mamtimin Geni, Afang Jin, and Yangyang Mou. "Numerical Modeling for Discrete Multibody Interaction and Multifeild Coupling Dynamics Using the SPH Method." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2015 (2015): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/205976.

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Discrete multibody interaction and contact problems and the multiphase interactions such as the sand particles airflow interactions by Aeolian sand transport in the desert are modeled by using the different kernel smoothing lengths in SPH method. Each particle defines a particular kernel smoothing length such as larger smoothing length which is used to calculate continuous homogenous body. Some special smoothing lengths are used to approximate interaction between the discrete particles or objects in contact problems and in different field coupling problem. By introducing the Single Particle Model (SPM) and the Multiparticle Model (MPM), the velocity exchanging phenomena are discussed by using different elastic modules. Some characteristics of the SPM and MPM are evaluated. The results show that the new SPH method can effectively solve different discrete multibody correct contact and multiphase mutual interference problems. Finally, the new SPH numerical computation and simulation process are verified.

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Tuan, Wei Hsing. "Design of Multiphase Materials." Key Engineering Materials 280-283 (February 2007): 963–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.280-283.963.

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In the present study, several principles are introduced as the guidelines to design multi- phased materials. Each phase in the multiphase material can offer one function or property to the material. The functions contributed from the phases within the multiphase material can interact with each other. Such interactions can be tailored by suitable microstructure design. The Al2O3-ZrO2-Ni multiphase material is used to demonstrate the applications of the design principles.

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Abbatt, Jonathan P. D., and A. R. Ravishankara. "Opinion: Atmospheric multiphase chemistry – past, present, and future." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 23, no. 17 (2023): 9765–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-9765-2023.

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Abstract. Multiphase chemistry occurs between chemicals in different atmospheric phases, typically involving gas–solid and gas–liquid interactions. The importance of atmospheric multiphase chemistry has long been recognized. Its central role extends from acid precipitation and stratospheric ozone depletion to its impact on the oxidizing capacity of the troposphere and to the roles that aerosol particles play in driving chemistry–climate interactions and affecting human health. This opinion article briefly introduces the subject of multiphase chemistry and tracks its development before and after the start of Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. Most of the article focuses on research opportunities and challenges in the field. Central themes are that a fundamental understanding of the chemistry at the molecular level underpins the ability of atmospheric chemistry to accurately predict environmental change and that the discipline of multiphase chemistry is strongest when tightly connected to atmospheric modeling and field observations.

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Huang, Pengyu, Luming Shen, Yixiang Gan, Giang D. Nguyen, Abbas El-Zein, and Federico Maggi. "Coarse-grained modeling of multiphase interactions at microscale." Journal of Chemical Physics 149, no. 12 (2018): 124505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5038903.

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LUO, K. H., J. XIA, and E. MONACO. "MULTISCALE MODELING OF MULTIPHASE FLOW WITH COMPLEX INTERACTIONS." Journal of Multiscale Modelling 01, no. 01 (2009): 125–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1756973709000074.

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This paper presents a variety of modeling and simulation methods for complex multiphase flow at microscopic, mesoscopic and macroscopic scales. Each method is discussed in terms of its scale-resolving capability and its relationship with other approaches. Examples of application are provided using a liquid–gas system, in which complex multiscale interactions exist among flow, turbulence, combustion and droplet dynamics. Large eddy simulation (LES) is employed to study the effects of a very large number of droplets on turbulent combustion in two configurations in a fixed laboratory frame. Direct numerical simulation (DNS) in a moving frame is then deployed to reveal detailed dynamic interactions between droplets and reaction zones. In both the LES and the DNS, evaporating droplets are modeled in a Lagrangian macroscopic approach, and have two-way couplings with the carrier gas phase. Finally, droplet collisions are studied using a multiple-relaxation-time lattice Boltzmann method (LBM). The LBM treats multiphase flow with real-fluid equations of state, which are stable and can cope with high density ratios. Examples of successful simulations of droplet coalescence and off-center separation are given. The paper ends with a summary of results and a discussion on hybrid multiscale approaches.

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Scheie, Allen, Jonas Kindervater, Shu Zhang, et al. "Multiphase magnetism in Yb2Ti2O7." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, no. 44 (2020): 27245–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2008791117.

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We use neutron scattering to show that ferromagnetism and antiferromagnetism coexist in the low T state of the pyrochlore quantum magnetYb2Ti2O7. While magnetic Bragg peaks evidence long-range static ferromagnetic order, inelastic scattering shows that short-range correlated antiferromagnetism is also present. Small-angle neutron scattering provides direct evidence for mesoscale magnetic structure that we associate with metastable antiferromagnetism. Classical Monte Carlo simulations based on exchange interactions inferred from⟨111⟩-oriented high-field spin wave measurements confirm that antiferromagnetism is metastable within the otherwise ferromagnetic ground state. The apparent lack of coherent spin wave excitations and strong sensitivity to quenched disorder characterizingYb2Ti2O7is a consequence of this multiphase magnetism.

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Henríquez-Vargas, Luis, Pablo Donoso-García, Lawrence Lackey, et al. "Modeling of the Solid Stress Tensor in the MP-PIC Method: A Review of Methods and Applications." Mathematics 12, no. 23 (2024): 3700. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math12233700.

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In recent years, the fast growth of computational power has allowed the application of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) in a wide range of areas of interest, such as gas–solid unit operations. In this context, the multiphase particle-in-cell (MP-PIC) method appears as an option to represent fluid–particle and particle–particle interactions, avoiding the complexity of tracking each particle and the high computational cost derived from this. The MP-PIC method can represent the particles as a group with the same characteristics, allowing the simulation of gas–solid systems at different scales. To achieve this, the particle–particle interactions are simplified using the solid stress tensor to represent them; this does not require explicit expressions. This approach has a low computational cost, allowing the simulation of industrial cases using just workstations. This paper provides a review of the literature on the solid stress tensor and its commercial and non-commercial applications, including its historical and mathematical development in the description of particle–particle interactions. In addition, to consolidate the knowledge and advancing understanding in this crucial aspect of multiphase flow simulations, this review identifies the current challenges and opportunities for future research in multiphase systems based on the solid stress tensor. In addition, this review identifies the current challenges and opportunities for future research in multiphase systems based on the solid stress tensor.

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Ekpotu, Wilson F., Joseph Akintola, Martins C. Obialor, Udom Philemon, and Imo-Obong E. Utoh. "Multiphase Flow in Hydrogen Generation." Journal of Sustainable Development 17, no. 1 (2023): 82. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jsd.v17n1p82.

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This study examined the laminar-multiphase characteristics in hydrogen production processes by utilizing the simulation software, &ldquo;COMSOL 5.3 multiphysics simulation software&rdquo;. The study&#39;s objective enhanced the evaluation of the multiphase flow operations involved in hydrogen generation, and determined the key contributors to the multiphase flow in the production of hydrogen. The methodology of the study also involved the design and simulation of the multiphase flow operations involved in hydrogen production and showed the analysis of the flow properties, including pressure profile, velocity profile, concentration profile, and shear rate profile, thereby insights into the multiphase flow interactions. Additionally, the research results enabled an improved understanding of the multiphase flow interactions in hydrogen production and led to an improvement in the process operational conditions for the system. The inference of the study was based on the quantifiable results obtained from the simulation which provided a comprehensive analysis of the multiphase flow characteristics in hydrogen production. More importantly, the shear stress for water-hydrogen system and hydrogen were shown with the shear rate describing the gradient in velocity and the pressure profile, shear rate profile, and velocity profile were calculated for a 2D profile versus the arc length for each of these variables. Thereafter, the results of this research simulation demonstrated that high velocity profile for hydrogen flow was observed within the reactor; with the highest velocity observed in the reactor within the length of (0.5 &ndash; 6.5)m, hence indicating optimum length of the water-split reactor for maximum velocity flow. The results further indicated that the profile of water-hydrogen and hydrogen pressure becomes uniform at a distance of 1mm from the entrance and the maximum pressure flow for water-hydrogen and hydrogen fluids pressure are 17.8Pa and 238.27Pa which shows a sufficiently higher pressure of hydrogen.

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Cunningham, Victoria J., Emma C. Giakoumatos, Melissa Marks, Steven P. Armes, and Erica J. Wanless. "Effect of morphology on interactions between nanoparticle-stabilised air bubbles and oil droplets." Soft Matter 14, no. 17 (2018): 3246–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7sm02280h.

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Ratliff, Daniel J., and Thomas J. Bridges. "Multiphase wavetrains, singular wave interactions and the emergence of the Korteweg–de Vries equation." Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 472, no. 2196 (2016): 20160456. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2016.0456.

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Multiphase wavetrains are multiperiodic travelling waves with a set of distinct wavenumbers and distinct frequencies. In conservative systems, such families are associated with the conservation of wave action or other conservation law. At generic points (where the Jacobian of the wave action flux is non-degenerate), modulation of the wavetrain leads to the dispersionless multiphase conservation of wave action. The main result of this paper is that modulation of the multiphase wavetrain, when the Jacobian of the wave action flux vector is singular, morphs the vector-valued conservation law into the scalar Korteweg–de Vries (KdV) equation. The coefficients in the emergent KdV equation have a geometrical interpretation in terms of projection of the vector components of the conservation law. The theory herein is restricted to two phases to simplify presentation, with extensions to any finite dimension discussed in the concluding remarks. Two applications of the theory are presented: a coupled nonlinear Schrödinger equation and two-layer shallow-water hydrodynamics with a free surface. Both have two-phase solutions where criticality and the properties of the emergent KdV equation can be determined analytically.

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Frostad, John M., Martha C. Collins, and L. Gary Leal. "Cantilevered-Capillary Force Apparatus for Measuring Multiphase Fluid Interactions." Langmuir 29, no. 15 (2013): 4715–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/la304115k.

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N. Ibragimov, Ranis, Akshin S. Bakhtiyarov, and Margaret Snell. "Experimental Mixing Parameterization Due to Multiphase Fluid � Structure Interactions." i-manager's Journal on Future Engineering and Technology 5, no. 2 (2010): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.26634/jfet.5.2.1089.

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Mozhdehi, Davoud, Sergio Ayala, Olivia R. Cromwell, and Zhibin Guan. "Self-Healing Multiphase Polymers via Dynamic Metal–Ligand Interactions." Journal of the American Chemical Society 136, no. 46 (2014): 16128–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja5097094.

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Ibragimov, Ranis N., Nadir Yilmaz, and Akshin S. Bakhtiyarov. "Experimental mixing parameterization due to multiphase fluid–structure interactions." Mechanics Research Communications 38, no. 3 (2011): 261–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mechrescom.2011.02.002.

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Tian, Ying, Guanhua An, Xiangwei Dong, et al. "An Unresolved SPH-DEM Coupling Framework for Bubble–Particle Interactions in Dense Multiphase Systems." Processes 13, no. 5 (2025): 1291. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr13051291.

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This study presents a novel unresolved SPH-DEM coupling framework to investigate the complex interactions between rising gas bubbles and sinking solid particles in multiphase systems. Traditional numerical methods often struggle with large deformations, multiphase interfaces, and computational efficiency when simulating dense particle-laden flows. To address these challenges, the proposed model leverages SPH’s Lagrangian nature to resolve fluid motion and bubble dynamics, while the DEM captures particle–particle and particle–bubble interactions. An unresolved coupling strategy is introduced to bridge the scales between fluid and particle phases, enabling efficient simulations of large-scale systems with discrete bubbles/particles. The model is validated against benchmark cases, including single bubbles rising and single particle’s sedimentation. Simulation studies reveal the effects of particle/bubble number and initial distance on phase interaction patterns and clustering behaviors. Results further illustrate the model’s capability to capture complex phenomena such as particle entrainment by bubble wakes and hindered settling in dense suspensions. The framework offers a robust and efficient tool for optimizing industrial processes like mineral flotation, where bubble–particle dynamics play a critical role.

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Qiao, Cheng, Youcai Chen, and Xuelin Chen. "Numerical Simulation of the Erosion Effect Caused by the Impact of High-Velocity Landslide." Shock and Vibration 2022 (November 8, 2022): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/2864271.

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Due to the complex composition consisting of solid particles and fluids with different physical properties, geophysical flows often show complex and diverse dynamic characteristics. For landslides with high water content, there are complex interactions between the solid and fluid phases. Therefore, it is difficult to grasp the dynamic characteristics and the disaster scale of this type of landslide, especially under complex terrain and ground conditions. The drag effect is an important aspect of the interaction between the solid and liquid phases. We optimized the enhanced drag coefficient formula to further consider the effect of high-velocity movement. By considering the volume fraction relationships between different phases, a mechanical erosion rate model is utilized for multiphase flows. Based on the r.avaflow numerical tool and the multiphase mass flow model, considering the interphase interaction characteristics of high-velocity liquefied landslides, we analyzed the influence of the obstruction of buildings and their entrainment into the landslide on the dynamic characteristics and hazard range of the Shenzhen 2015 landslide. This provides a reference for the analysis of complex geophysical disasters based on the multiphase mass flow model. Importantly, we have demonstrated the reduced mobility of the considered erosive impact event, which is in line with the physical principle.

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Wang, Xiaokun, Yanrui Xu, Xiaojuan Ban, Sinuo Liu, and Yuting Xu. "A Unified Multiple-Phase Fluids Framework Using Asymmetric Surface Extraction and the Modified Density Model." Symmetry 11, no. 6 (2019): 745. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym11060745.

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Multiple-phase fluids’ simulation and 3D visualization comprise an important cooperative visualization subject between fluid dynamics and computer animation. Interactions between different fluids have been widely studied in both physics and computer graphics. To further the study in both areas, cooperative research has been carried out; hence, a more authentic fluid simulation method is required. The key to a better multiphase fluid simulation result is surface extraction. Previous works usually have problems in extracting surfaces with unnatural fluctuations or detail missing. Gaps between different phases also hinder the reality of simulation. In this paper, we propose a unified surface extraction approach integrated with a modified density model for the particle-based multiphase fluid simulation. We refine the original asymmetric smoothing kernel used in the color field and address a binary tree scheme for surface extraction. Besides, we employ a multiphase fluid framework with modified density to eliminate density deviation between different fluids. With the methods mentioned above, our approach can effectively reconstruct the fluid surface for particle-based multiphase fluid simulation. It can also resolve the issue of overlaps and gaps between different fluids, which has widely existed in former methods for a long time. The experiments carried out in this paper show that our approach is able to have an ideal fluid surface condition and have good interaction effects.

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Abdul Wahap, Mohd Arizam, Faiza Mohamed Nasir, Fatimah Al-Zahrah Mohd Sa’at, Makatar Wae-Hayee, Kelly Tau Len Yong, and Mohd Razealy Anuar. "A Comparison of Multiphase Ansys-Fluent Models in Performing Supercritical CO2 Extraction Simulation." CFD Letters 17, no. 8 (2025): 182–203. https://doi.org/10.37934/cfdl.17.8.182203.

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The supercritical Carbon Dioxide Extraction (ScCO₂E) process is a sustainable method that relies on effective solute-solvent interactions. However, the prevailing focus among chemical engineers has overlooked the solute-solvent interaction due to the inherent high-pressure and high-temperature conditions of the process. This study compares the performance of two multiphase models, Mixture and EMVOF, in simulating three-phase flow dynamics in a fluidized bed reactor with supercritical CO₂ (ScCO₂) and solid particles. A properly multiphase model selection will facilitate the evaluation of the phase’s interaction during the extraction process which could enhance its performance. Using the Ansys Fluent platform, the models were assessed for their ability to simulate phase interactions during the extraction process. Time-series plots, probability density functions (PDFs), and statistical analyses of ScCO₂ and particle velocities were compared with experimental results. The Mixture and EMVOF models with sharp/disperse interface modelling and a disperse viscous scheme demonstrated reasonable error ranges of 59% to 85% and 30% to 68%, respectively, for ScCO₂ velocities. The sharp/disperse interface model successfully distinguished the boundary between air and the solute-solvent phases, while the disperse model exhibited broader phase interfaces. However, the simulations revealed no significant circulation of phases, likely due to the absence of drag and lift forces in the models. This finding suggests that the interaction between ScCO₂ and particles was not fully captured, which is critical for optimizing extraction processes. In conclusion, the EMVOF model with a sharp/disperse interface model and a per-phase viscous scheme, accounting for drag and lift forces, is recommended for future simulations to more accurately represent phase interactions and improve ScCO₂E performance.

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Liu, Chen, and Jianzhong Lin. "A Review on the Some Issues of Multiphase Flow with Self-Driven Particles." Applied Sciences 11, no. 16 (2021): 7361. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11167361.

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Multiphase flow with self-driven particles is ubiquitous and complex. Exploring the flow properties has both important academic meaning and engineering value. This review emphasizes some recent studies on multiphase flow with self-driven particles: the hydrodynamic interactions between self-propelled/self-rotary particles and passive particles; the aggregation, phase separation and sedimentation of squirmers; the influence of rheological properties on its motion; and the kinematic characteristics of axisymmetric squirmers. Finally, some open problems, challenges, and future directions are highlighted.

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Abbatt, J. P. D., J. L. Thomas, K. Abrahamsson, et al. "Halogen activation via interactions with environmental ice and snow." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 12, no. 4 (2012): 8677–769. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-12-8677-2012.

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Abstract. The role of ice in the formation of chemically active halogens in the environment requires a full understanding because of its role in atmospheric chemistry, including controlling the oxidizing capacity of the atmosphere. In particular, ice and snow are important for facilitating multiphase oxidative chemistry and as media upon which marine algae live. This paper reviews the nature of environmental ice substrates that participate in halogen chemistry, describes the multiphase reactions that occur on such substrates, presents the field evidence for ice-mediated halogen activation, summarizes our best understanding of ice-halogen activation mechanisms, and describes the current state of modeling these processes at different scales. Given the rapid pace of developments in the field, this paper largely addresses advances made in the past five years, with emphasis given to the polar boundary layer. The integrative nature of this field is highlighted in the presentation of work from the molecular to the regional scale, with a focus on understanding fundamental processes. This is essential for developing realistic parameterizations and descriptions of these processes for inclusion in larger scale models that are used to determine their regional and global impacts.

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Li, Xing-gang, Leon Heisterüber, Lydia Achelis, and Udo Fritsching. "Multiscale descriptions of particle-droplet interactions in multiphase spray processing." International Journal of Multiphase Flow 80 (April 2016): 15–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmultiphaseflow.2015.10.013.

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Krimi, Abdelkader, Sofiane Khelladi, Xesús Nogueira, Michael Deligant, Riadh Ata, and Mehdi Rezoug. "Multiphase smoothed particle hydrodynamics approach for modeling soil–water interactions." Advances in Water Resources 121 (November 2018): 189–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.advwatres.2018.08.004.

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Sarkar, Saurabh, S. Prasad Peri, and Bodhisattwa Chaudhuri. "Investigation of multiphase multicomponent aerosol flow dictating pMDI-spacer interactions." International Journal of Pharmaceutics 529, no. 1-2 (2017): 264–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.07.005.

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Paul, D. R. "Effects of polymer-polymer interactions in multiphase blends or alloys." Macromolecular Symposia 78, no. 1 (1994): 83–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/masy.19940780109.

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Padrino, Juan C., Xia Ma, W. Brian VanderHeyden, and Duan Z. Zhang. "A Separate-Phase Drag Model and a Surrogate Approximation for Simulation of the Steam-Assisted-Gravity-Drainage Process." SPE Journal 21, no. 02 (2016): 364–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/178432-pa.

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Summary General, ensemble phase-averaged equations for multiphase flows were specialized for the simulation of the steam-assisted-gravity-drainage (SAGD) process. In the average momentum equation, fluid/solid and fluid/fluid viscous interactions are represented by separate force terms. This equation has a form similar to that of Darcy's law for multiphase flow but augmented by the fluid/fluid viscous forces. Models for these fluid/fluid interactions are suggested and implemented into the numerical code CartaBlanca. Numerical results indicate that the model captures the main features of the multiphase flow in the SAGD process, but the detailed features, such as plumes, are missed. We find that viscous coupling among the fluid phases is important. Advection time scales for the different fluids differ by several orders of magnitude because of vast viscosity differences. Numerically resolving all these time scales is time consuming. To address this problem, we introduce a steam-surrogate approximation to increase the steam-advection time scale, while keeping the mass and energy fluxes well-approximated. This approximation leads to approximately a 40-fold speedup in execution speed of the numerical calculations at the cost of a few percentage errors in the relevant quantities.

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Butsky, Iryna S., Joseph N. Burchett, Daisuke Nagai, Michael Tremmel, Thomas R. Quinn, and Jessica K. Werk. "Ultraviolet signatures of the multiphase intracluster and circumgalactic media in the romulusc simulation." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 490, no. 3 (2019): 4292–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stz2859.

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ABSTRACT Quasar absorption-line studies in the ultraviolet (UV) can uniquely probe the nature of the multiphase cool–warm (104 &lt; T &lt; 106 K) gas in and around galaxy clusters, promising to provide unprecedented insights into (1) interactions between the circumgalactic medium (CGM) associated with infalling galaxies and the hot (T &gt; 106 K) X-ray emitting intracluster medium (ICM), (2) the stripping of metal-rich gas from the CGM, and (3) a multiphase structure of the ICM with a wide range of temperatures and metallicities. In this work, we present results from a high-resolution simulation of an $\sim 10^{14} \, \mathrm{M}_{\odot }$ galaxy cluster to study the physical properties and observable signatures of this cool–warm gas in galaxy clusters. We show that the ICM becomes increasingly multiphased at large radii, with the cool–warm gas becoming dominant in cluster outskirts. The diffuse cool–warm gas also exhibits a wider range of metallicity than the hot X-ray emitting gas. We make predictions for the covering fractions of key absorption-line tracers, both in the ICM and in the CGM of cluster galaxies, typically observed with the Cosmic Origins Spectrograph aboard the Hubble Space Telescope (HST). We further extract synthetic spectra to demonstrate the feasibility of detecting and characterizing the thermal, kinematic, and chemical composition of the cool–warm gas using H i, O vi, and C iv lines, and we predict an enhanced population of broad Ly α absorbers tracing the warm gas. Lastly, we discuss future prospects of probing the multiphase structure of the ICM beyond HST.

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Knopf, Daniel A., Markus Ammann, Thomas Berkemeier, Ulrich Pöschl, and Manabu Shiraiwa. "Desorption lifetimes and activation energies influencing gas–surface interactions and multiphase chemical kinetics." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 24, no. 6 (2024): 3445–528. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-3445-2024.

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Abstract. Adsorption and desorption of gases on liquid or solid substrates are involved in multiphase processes and heterogeneous chemical reactions. The desorption energy (Edes0), which depends on the intermolecular forces between adsorbate and substrate, determines the residence time of chemical species at interfaces. We show how Edes0 and temperature influence the net uptake or release of gas species, the rates of surface–bulk exchange and surface or bulk reactions, and the equilibration timescales of gas–particle partitioning. Using literature data, we derive a parameterization to estimate Edes0 for a wide range of chemical species based on the molecular mass, polarizability, and oxygen-to-carbon ratio of the desorbing species independent of substrate-specific properties, which is possible because of the dominant role of the desorbing species' properties. Correlations between Edes0 and the enthalpies of vaporization and solvation are rooted in molecular interactions. The relation between Edes0 and desorption kinetics reflects the key role of interfacial exchange in multiphase processes. For small molecules and semi-volatile organics (VOC, IVOC, SVOC), Edes0 values around 10–100 kJ mol−1 correspond to desorption lifetimes around nanoseconds to days at room temperature. Even higher values up to years are obtained at low temperatures and for low volatile organic compounds (LVOC, ELVOC/ULVOC) relevant for secondary organic aerosols (SOA). Implications are discussed for SOA formation, gas–particle partitioning, organic phase changes, and indoor surface chemistry. We expect these insights to advance the mechanistic and kinetic understanding of multiphase processes in atmospheric and environmental physical chemistry, aerosol science, materials science, and chemical engineering.

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LIU, M. B., J. Z. CHANG, H. T. LIU, and T. X. SU. "MODELING OF CONTACT ANGLES AND WETTING EFFECTS WITH PARTICLE METHODS." International Journal of Computational Methods 08, no. 04 (2011): 637–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219876211002733.

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The physics of fluid–fluid–solid contact line dynamics and wetting behaviors are closely related to the inter-particle and intra-molecular hydrodynamic interactions of the concerned multiple phase system. Investigation of surface tension, contact angle, and wetting behavior using molecular dynamics (MD) is practical only on extremely small time scales (nanoseconds) and length scales (nanometers) even if the most advanced high-performance computers are used. In this article we introduce two particle methods, which are smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) and dissipative particle dynamics (DPD), for multiphase fluid motion on continuum scale and meso-scale (between the molecular and continuum scales). In both methods, the interaction of fluid particles and solid particles can be used to study fluid–fluid–solid contact line dynamics with different wetting behaviors. The interaction strengths between fluid particles and between fluid and wall particles are closely related to the wetting behavior and the contact angles. The effectiveness of SPH and DPD in modeling contact line dynamics and wetting behavior has been demonstrated by a number of numerical examples that show the complexity of different multiphase flow behaviors.

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Zeng, Qing Hua, Wen Xu, Ai Bing Yu, and Donald R. Paul. "Quantification of the Interface Interactions in Polymer Nanocomposites." Materials Science Forum 654-656 (June 2010): 2608–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.654-656.2608.

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Interfaces are important for many properties and applications of multiphase materials. This is particular true for particle-reinforced polymer composites, where the interfacial characteristics between particle and polymer play a crucial role in load transfer and mechanical properties. In polymer nanocomposites, the adhesion strength between particle and polymer matrix is a major factor in determining their mechanical properties. In this work, we present our recent study towards the quantification of the interaction strength at the interface of clay-based polymer nanocomposites by molecular dynamics simulation.

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Dayananda, Mysore A. "An Overview of Selected Phenomena in Multicomponent Diffusion." Diffusion Foundations 4 (July 2015): 3–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/df.4.3.

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There exist several interesting phenomena and observations reported in literature for isothermal diffusion in multicomponent systems. Such phenomena include uphill diffusion, development of zero-flux planes and flux reversals for individual components, flux reversals at interfaces, and instability at interfaces and multiphase layer development. In addition, uncommon diffusion structures exhibiting unusual diffusion paths can develop in both single phase and multiphase diffusion assemblies. An overview of such phenomena is presented to highlight the role of interactions among diffusing components with the aid of selected diffusion studies carried out in multicomponent alloy systems, aluminides, silicides, and nuclear fuels.

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Kulkarni, A., M. Kulkarni, P. More, and S. Showalter. "Digital Prototyping Methodology for Cyclonic Multiphase Flow Separation." NAFEMS International Journal of CFD Case Studies 11 (April 2016): 59–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.59972/zbwl6jwx.

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Safety and reliability are fundamental requirements for gas turbine engines. Continuous health monitoring and diagnostics devices are prime enablers for the same, and gaining a lot of attention for advancements. Oil debris monitoring is one of the important elements of an engine condition monitoring system. The cyclone separator is the key component of the debris monitoring system which separates air, oil and solid particles. The separation efficiency of various phases determines the cyclone performance and is governed by highly turbulent swirling flow field. Further, the particle capture efficiency depends on successful capturing of the flow field. Cyclone performance enhancement requires a detailed understanding of turbulent swirling multiphase flow field with free and forced vortex interactions. This poses a significant challenge for physical prototyping and demands detailed computational models to resolve the anisotropic structure of a turbulent flow field with multiphase interaction. Detailed investigation of various computational models such as turbulence models, multiphase models, and drag models has been carried out to capture the complex flow physics. A structured computational approach helped to establish a CFD methodology having a close match with experimental findings for all the performance parameters of three phase separation. The methodology is validated with the experimental results with the variation between CFD and experiments observed to be less than 10% for all four performance parameters namely pressure drop, air separation efficiency, oil separation efficiency and particle capture efficiency.

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Mackenzie-Helnwein, P., P. Arduino, W. Shin, J. A. Moore, and G. R. Miller. "Modeling strategies for multiphase drag interactions using the material point method." International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 83, no. 3 (2010): 295–322. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.2823.

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Kawana, Saki, Shintaro Nakagawa, Shuya Nakai, Minami Sakamoto, Youichi Ishii, and Naoko Yoshie. "Interphase synergistic effects of dynamic bonds in multiphase thermoplastic elastomers." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 7, no. 37 (2019): 21195–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9ta07522d.

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Zhang, Yafang, Chencan Du, Zhibo Zhang, Jiawei Du, Yuming Tu, and Zhongqi Ren. "Process Intensification of Gas–Liquid Separations Using Packed Beds: A Review." Separations 11, no. 10 (2024): 284. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/separations11100284.

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The gas–liquid multiphase process plays a crucial role in the chemical industry, and the utilization of packed beds enhances separation efficiency by increasing the contact area and promoting effective gas–liquid interaction during the separation process. This paper primarily reviews the progress from fundamental research to practical application of gas–liquid multiphase processes in packed bed reactors, focusing on advancements in fluid mechanics (flow patterns, liquid holdup, and pressure drop) and the mechanisms governing gas–liquid interactions within these reactors. Firstly, we present an overview of recent developments in understanding gas–liquid flow patterns; subsequently we summarize liquid holdup and pressure drop characteristics within packed beds. Furthermore, we analyze the underlying mechanisms involved in bubble breakup and coalescence phenomena occurring during continuous flow of gas–liquid dispersions, providing insights for reactor design and operation strategies. Finally, we summarize applications of packed bed reactors in carbon dioxide absorption, chemical reactions, and wastewater treatment while offering future perspectives. These findings serve as valuable references for optimizing gas–liquid separation processes.

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Cenaiko, Stirling, Thomas Lijnse, and Colin Dalton. "Multiphase Actuation of AC Electrothermal Micropump." Micromachines 14, no. 4 (2023): 758. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi14040758.

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Electrothermal micropumps apply an AC electric field to a conductive fluid within the range of 10 kHz–1 MHz to generate fluid flow. In this frequency range, coulombic forces dominate fluid interactions over opposing dielectric forces, resulting in high flow rates (~50–100 μm/s). To date, the electrothermal effect—using asymmetrical electrodes—has been tested only with single-phase and 2-phase actuation, while dielectrophoretic micropumps have shown improved flow rates with 3- and 4-phase actuation. Simulating muti-phase signals in COMSOL Multiphysics requires additional modules and a more involved implementation to accurately represent the electrothermal effect in a micropump. Here, we report detailed simulations of the electrothermal effect under multi-phase conditions, including single-phase, 2-phase, 3-phase and 4-phase actuation patterns. These computational models indicate that 2-phase actuation leads to the highest flow rate, with 3-phase resulting in a 5% reduced flow rate and 4-phase resulting in an 11% reduced flow rate compared to 2-phase. With these modifications to the simulation, various actuation patterns can later be tested in COMSOL for a range of electrokinetic techniques.

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Wu, Yuchao, Darshil U. Shah, Chenyan Liu, et al. "Bioinspired supramolecular fibers drawn from a multiphase self-assembled hydrogel." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114, no. 31 (2017): 8163–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1705380114.

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Inspired by biological systems, we report a supramolecular polymer–colloidal hydrogel (SPCH) composed of 98 wt % water that can be readily drawn into uniform (∼6-μm thick) “supramolecular fibers” at room temperature. Functionalized polymer-grafted silica nanoparticles, a semicrystalline hydroxyethyl cellulose derivative, and cucurbit[8]uril undergo aqueous self-assembly at multiple length scales to form the SPCH facilitated by host–guest interactions at the molecular level and nanofibril formation at colloidal-length scale. The fibers exhibit a unique combination of stiffness and high damping capacity (60–70%), the latter exceeding that of even biological silks and cellulose-based viscose rayon. The remarkable damping performance of the hierarchically structured fibers is proposed to arise from the complex combination and interactions of “hard” and “soft” phases within the SPCH and its constituents. SPCH represents a class of hybrid supramolecular composites, opening a window into fiber technology through low-energy manufacturing.

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Milanez, M., G. F. Naterer, G. Venn, and G. Richardson. "Volume Averaged Pressure Interactions for Dispersed Droplet Phase Modeling of Multiphase Flow." AIAA Journal 42, no. 5 (2004): 973–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/1.9590.

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Kolev,, NI, and RW Lyczkowski,. "Multiphase Flow Dynamics, Volume 1: Fundamentals; Volume 2: Thermal and Mechanical Interactions." Applied Mechanics Reviews 56, no. 4 (2003): B57—B59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1579460.

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Withjack, Martha Oliver, Alissa A. Henza, and Roy W. Schlische. "Three-dimensional fault geometries and interactions within experimental models of multiphase extension." AAPG Bulletin 101, no. 11 (2017): 1767–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1306/02071716090.

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Li, Ling, Luming Shen, Giang D. Nguyen, Abbas El-Zein, and Federico Maggi. "A smoothed particle hydrodynamics framework for modelling multiphase interactions at meso-scale." Computational Mechanics 62, no. 5 (2018): 1071–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00466-018-1551-3.

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Wagner, Justin L., Steven J. Beresh, Sean P. Kearney, et al. "A multiphase shock tube for shock wave interactions with dense particle fields." Experiments in Fluids 52, no. 6 (2012): 1507–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00348-012-1272-x.

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Uthaisangsuk, Vitoon, Ulrich Prahl, and Wolfgang Bleck. "Microstructure Based Formability Characterization of Multi Phase Steels Using Damage Mechanics." Key Engineering Materials 348-349 (September 2007): 217–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.348-349.217.

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Due to the coexistence of different micro structural components and their interactions, multiphase steels offer an excellent combination between high formability and strength. On the micro-scale, the fracture examination shows large influence of different phases and their distributions on the mechanical properties and failure mechanisms. Considering the influence of multiphase microstructure, an approach is presented using representative volume elements (RVE) in combination with continuum damage mechanics (CDM). Herein, the influence of the material properties of individual phases and the local states of stress on the material formability as well as the failure behavior can be examined. By means of the RVE-CDM approach, a precise criterion for the deformability characterization in sheet metal forming of multi phase steels is presented.

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Yang, Youqing, Pengtao Sun, and Zhen Chen. "Combined MPM-DEM for Simulating the Interaction Between Solid Elements and Fluid Particles." Communications in Computational Physics 21, no. 5 (2017): 1258–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4208/cicp.oa-2016-0050.

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AbstractHow to effectively simulate the interaction between fluid and solid elements of different sizes remains to be challenging. The discrete element method (DEM) has been used to deal with the interactions between solid elements of various shapes and sizes, while the material point method (MPM) has been developed to handle the multiphase (solid-liquid-gas) interactions involving failure evolution. A combined MPM-DEM procedure is proposed to take advantage of both methods so that the interaction between solid elements and fluid particles in a container could be better simulated. In the proposed procedure, large solid elements are discretized by the DEM, while the fluid motion is computed using the MPM. The contact forces between solid elements and rigid walls are calculated using the DEM. The interaction between solid elements and fluid particles are calculated via an interfacial scheme within the MPM framework. With a focus on the boundary condition effect, the proposed procedure is illustrated by representative examples, which demonstrates its potential for a certain type of engineering problems.

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Koley, Soumyajit. "Role of Fluid Dynamics in Infectious Disease Transmission: Insights from COVID-19 and Other Pathogens." Trends in Sciences 21, no. 8 (2024): 8287. http://dx.doi.org/10.48048/tis.2024.8287.

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The spread of infectious diseases such as COVID-19 depends on complex fluid dynamics interactions between pathogens and fluid phases, including individual droplets and multiphase clouds. Understanding these interactions is crucial for predicting and controlling disease spread. This applies to human and animal exhalations, such as coughs and sneezes, as well as bursting bubbles that create micron-sized droplets in various indoor and outdoor environments. By exploring case studies in this regard, this study examines the emerging field of fluid dynamics in disease transmission, focusing on multiphase flows, interfacial flows, turbulence, pathogens, human traffic, aerosol transmission, ventilation, and breathing microenvironments. These results indicate that increased ventilation rates and local ventilation methods can effectively reduce the concentration of SARS-CoV-2-laden aerosols in the immediate breathing spaces between individuals. In a displacement-ventilated room, both neutral and unstable conditions were more effective in removing breathed SARS-CoV-2-laden aerosols from the air, regardless of the presence of test subjects. However, stable conditions may increase the risk of infection in individuals living in confined spaces. Thus, the findings of this study are useful for providing practical guidance for managing the spread of airborne infections. HIGHLIGHTS Fluid dynamics affect the transmission of infectious diseases such as COVID-19 This study explored multiphase fluid flow, aerosol dispersion, and respiratory zones Increased ventilation and local methods reduce SARS-CoV-2 aerosol concentration Displacement ventilation eliminates SARS-CoV-2 aerosols under unstable conditions Cramped and damp living environments can increase the risk of transmission of infection GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

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Heldmann, Alexander, Markus Hoelzel, Michael Hofmann, et al. "Diffraction-based determination of single-crystal elastic constants of polycrystalline titanium alloys." Journal of Applied Crystallography 52, no. 5 (2019): 1144–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600576719010720.

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Single-crystal elastic constants have been derived by lattice strain measurements using neutron diffraction on polycrystalline Ti-6Al-4V, Ti-6Al-2Sn-4Zr-6Mo and Ti-3Al-8V-6Cr-4Zr-4Mo alloy samples. A variety of model approximations for the grain-to-grain interactions, namely approaches by Voigt, Reuss, Hill, Kroener, de Wit and Matthies, including texture weightings, have been applied and compared. A load-transfer approach for multiphase alloys was also implemented and the results are compared with single-phase data. For the materials under investigation, the results for multiphase alloys agree well with the results for single-phase materials in the corresponding phases. In this respect, all eight elastic constants in the dual-phase Ti-6Al-2Sn-4Zr-6Mo alloy have been derived for the first time.

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Su, Qian, Xiangtian Deng, Zhenxing Liu, Chao Tan, and Feng Dong. "Phase fraction measurement of oil–gas–water three-phase flow with stratified gas by ultrasound technique." Measurement Science and Technology 33, no. 7 (2022): 075302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6501/ac60f6.

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Abstract Phase fraction is one of important indexes to characterize multiphase flow. In order to measure each phase fraction of oil–gas–water three-phase flow, liquid level height is detected by time-of-flight—TOF of reflected ultrasound at gas–liquid interface, while oil phase fraction in reflection path is calculated according to the ultrasound attenuation. By studying interactions between multiphase flow and the ultrasound propagation in certain flow patterns, a prediction model for phase fraction measurement of three-phase flow is proposed based on ultrasound transmission attenuation and reflection TOF in the process of horizontal flow with actual phase distributions. Simulation and experimental results under conditions of oil–water two-phase structure with stratified gas in a horizontal pipe show that the proposed method and the established model can accurately detect gas–liquid interface, so that measure oil, gas, water phase fraction. The mechanism prediction model and the measurement device effectively solve the nonlinear response of the ultrasonic measurement parameter, so that can estimate phase fractions of liquids and gas in two-phase as well as three-phase flows simultaneously, which extends the measurement range and the applicable scope of ultrasonic technique to multiphase flow.

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