Academic literature on the topic 'Multiple choice questions (MCQs)'

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Journal articles on the topic "Multiple choice questions (MCQs)"

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Mallick, Ayaz Khurram, and Marya Ahsan. "Multiple Choice Questions: A Potent Tool for Assessment of Medical Students." Indian Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 6, no. 1 (2019): 5–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.21088/ijmhs.2347.9981.6119.1.

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Validity, reliability and feasibility are important attributes for any method of assessment. Increasing objectivity in any method of assessment increases its reliability and validity. Multiple choice questions (MCQs) has only one possible answer hence it is highly objective. However, constructing a good MCQs not only requires good in-depth knowledge of the subject but good amount of planning. Failing to do this can result in technical flaws in MCQs in the form of testwiseness and irrelevant difficulty which reduces its reliability and validity. Effectiveness as an MCQ can be assessment by item
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Iqbal, Muhammad Zafar, Shumaila Irum, and Muhammad Sohaib Yousaf. "MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS;." Professional Medical Journal 24, no. 09 (2017): 1409–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2017.24.09.824.

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Objectives: The main objective of this study was to judge the quality of MCQs interms of their cognition level and item writing flaws, developed by the faculty of a public sectormedical college. Setting: This study was conducted in Sheikh Zayed Medical College, RahimYar Khan. Duration with Dates: Data was collected between June 2014 to March 2015 andthis study was completed in July 2016. Sample Size: A sample of 500 MCQs collected from25 faculty members were included in the study. Study Design: Quantitative method. StudyType: Cross sectional descriptive analysis. Material and Methods: This qua
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Permasutha, Made Bayu, Gandes Retno Rahayu, Made Kurnia Widiastuti Giri, and Dewa Agung Gde Fanji Pradiptha. "Multiple-Choice Questions in Basic Biomedical Science Module." Jurnal Pendidikan dan Pengajaran 57, no. 1 (2024): 47–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.23887/jpp.v57i1.63314.

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The evaluation process in medical education involves evaluating knowledge, skills, and attitudes based on the achievements and competencies to be achieved. The multiple-choice question (MCQ) instrument is an assessment instrument often used in the medical field. So far, the MCQs have been implemented in Indonesia's national medical competency examination. Furthermore, maintaining the quality of MCQs at the faculty level is very important to maintain the quality of medical graduates. In this study, an evaluation was carried out on 250 items of MCQs in three basic biomedical modules, followed by
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Budiyono, Bartholomeus. "Five-Option vs Four-Option Multiple-Choice Questions." IJET (Indonesian Journal of English Teaching) 8, no. 2 (2019): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.15642/ijet2.2019.8.2.1-7.

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Abstract: Multiple-choice questions (MCQs) may provide test takers with three, four, or five options and are appreciated for reliability and economic scoring. Five-option MCQs demand much more energy, experience, time, and expertise and may probably be considered to be more difficult four-option and three-option MCQs. Previous studies involved a great number of questions and participants. This study investigated the difference between five-option and four-option MCQs through deletion of non-functioning distracters (NFDs) in proportion to a classroom-based test by administering 28 MCQs to two i
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Al Shuriaqi, Somaiya, Abdulrahman Aal Abdulsalam, and Ken Masters. "Generation of Medical Case-Based Multiple-Choice Questions." International Medical Education 3, no. 1 (2023): 12–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ime3010002.

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This narrative review is a detailed look at how we make multiple-choice questions (MCQs) based on medical cases in today’s medical teaching. Moving from old-style MCQs to ones that are more related to real clinical situations is really important. It helps in growing critical thinking and practical use, especially since MCQs are still the primary method for testing knowledge in medicine. We look at the history, design ideas, and both manual and computer-based methods that have helped create MCQs. Technologies like Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Natural Language Processing (NLP) are receiving
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Jia, Bing, Dan He, and Zhemin Zhu. "QUALITY AND FEATURE OF MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS IN EDUCATION." Problems of Education in the 21st Century 78, no. 4 (2020): 576–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.33225/pec/20.78.576.

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The quality of multiple-choice questions (MCQs) as well as the student's solve behavior in MCQs are educational concerns. MCQs cover wide educational content and can be immediately and accurately scored. However, many studies have found some flawed items in this exam type, thereby possibly resulting in misleading insights into students’ performance and affecting important decisions. This research sought to determine the characteristics of MCQs and factors that may affect the quality of MCQs by using item response theory (IRT) to evaluate data. For this, four samples of different sizes from US
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Luger, Sarah. "The Effect of Text Length in Crowdsourced Multiple Choice Questions." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Human Computation and Crowdsourcing 3 (March 28, 2016): 16–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/hcomp.v3i1.13268.

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Automated systems that aid in the development of Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) have value for both educators, who spend large amounts of time creating novel questions, and students, who spend a great deal of effort both practicing for and taking tests. The current approach for measuring question difficulty in MCQs relies on models of how good pupils will perform and contrasts that with their lower-performing peers. MCQs can be difficult in many ways. This paper looks specifically at the effect of both the number of words in the question stem and in the answer options on question difficulty.
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Stringer, J. K., Sally A. Santen, Eun Lee, et al. "Examining Bloom’s Taxonomy in Multiple Choice Questions: Students’ Approach to Questions." Medical Science Educator 31, no. 4 (2021): 1311–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40670-021-01305-y.

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Abstract Background Analytic thinking skills are important to the development of physicians. Therefore, educators and licensing boards utilize multiple-choice questions (MCQs) to assess these knowledge and skills. MCQs are written under two assumptions: that they can be written as higher or lower order according to Bloom’s taxonomy, and students will perceive questions to be the same taxonomical level as intended. This study seeks to understand the students’ approach to questions by analyzing differences in students’ perception of the Bloom’s level of MCQs in relation to their knowledge and co
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Salam, Abdus, Rabeya Yousuf, and Sheikh Muhammad Abu Bakar. "Multiple Choice Questions in Medical Education: How to Construct High Quality Questions." International Journal of Human and Health Sciences (IJHHS) 4, no. 2 (2020): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.31344/ijhhs.v4i2.180.

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Multiple choice questions (MCQ) are the most widely used objective test items. Students often learn what we assess, and not what we teach, although teaching and assessment are the two sides of the same coin. So, assessment in medical education is very important to ensure that qualified competent doctors are being produced.A good test is the test that assesses higher level of thinking skills. Many inhouse MCQs are found faulty which assess lower level of thinking skills. The main problems in constructing good MCQs are that (i) very few faculty members have formal training in questions construct
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Adiga, Manoor Narasimha Sachidananda, Swathi Acharya, and Rajendra Holla. "Item Analysis of Multiple-Choice Questions in Pharmacology in an Indian Medical School." Journal of Health and Allied Sciences NU 11, no. 03 (2021): 130–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0041-1722822.

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Abstract Introduction Student assessment by multiple-choice questions (MCQs) is an integral part of student evaluation in medicine. The medical teacher should be trained to construct an item with proper stem and valid options. Periodic item analyses will make the process of assessment more meaningful. Hence, we conducted the study to analyze MCQs (item analysis) tested on a batch of MBBS students in pharmacology in their three internal assessment examinations. Methods The study was conducted in the Department of Pharmacology of a medical college in Mangaluru on 150 students. The MCQs of the th
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Multiple choice questions (MCQs)"

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Luger, Sarah Kaitlin Kelly. "Algorithms for assessing the quality and difficulty of multiple choice exam questions." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/20986.

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Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) have long been the backbone of standardized testing in academia and industry. Correspondingly, there is a constant need for the authors of MCQs to write and refine new questions for new versions of standardized tests as well as to support measuring performance in the emerging massive open online courses, (MOOCs). Research that explores what makes a question difficult, or what questions distinguish higher-performing students from lower-performing students can aid in the creation of the next generation of teaching and evaluation tools. In the automated MCQ answer
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Alomran, Murtadha. "Automated Optical Mark Recognition Scoring System for Multiple-choice Questions." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2018. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/2137.

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Multiple-choice questions are one of the questions commonly used in assessments. It is widely used because this type of examination can be an effective and reliable way to examine the level of student’s knowledge. So far, this type of examination can either be marked by hand or with specialised answer sheets and scanning equipment. There are specialised answer sheets and scanning equipment to mark multiple-choice questions automatically. However, these are expensive, specialised and restrictive answer sheets and optical mark recognition scanners. This research aims to design and implement a mu
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Alsubait, Tahani. "Ontology-based multiple-choice question generation." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2015. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/ontologybased-multiplechoice-question-generation(07bf2890-6f41-4a11-8189-02d5bb08e686).html.

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Assessment is a well understood educational topic with a really long history and a wealth of literature. Given this level of understanding of the topic, educational practitioners are able to differentiate, for example, between valid and invalid assessments. Despite the fact that we can test for the validity of an assessment, knowing how to systematically generate a valid assessment is still challenging and needs to be understood. In this thesis we introduce a similarity-based method to generate a specific type of questions, namely multiple choice questions, and control their difficulty. This f
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Thayn, Kim Scott. "An Evaluation of Multiple Choice Test Questions Deliberately Designed to Include Multiple Correct Answers." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2010. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/2450.

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The multiple-choice test question is a popular item format used for tests ranging from classroom assessments to professional licensure exams. The popularity of this format stems from its administration and scoring efficiencies. The most common multiple-choice format consists of a stem that presents a problem to be solved accompanied by a single correct answer and two, three, or four incorrect answers. A well-constructed item using this format can result in a high quality assessment of an examinee's knowledge, skills and abilities. However, for some complex, higher-order knowledge, skills and a
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Brits, Gideon Petrus. "University student performance in multiple choice questions : an item analysis of Mathematics assessments." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/65477.

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The University of Pretoria has experienced a significant increase in student numbers in recent years. This increase has necessarily impacted on the Department of Mathematics and Applied Mathematics. The department is understaffed in terms of lecturing staff, which impacts negatively on postgraduate study and research outputs. The disproportion between teaching staff and the lecturing load and research demands has led to an excessive grading and administrative load on staff. The department decided to use multiple choice questions in assessments that could be graded by means of computer software
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King, Stephen. ""None of the Above" as an Answer Option in Observatoin Based Multiple-Choice Questions." TopSCHOLAR®, 2006. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/288.

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This study examined the characteristics of items using none of the above (NOT A) as an answer option in observation based multiple-choice questions. Previous research has examined only the use of a NOTA option in academic knowledge based testing, not in visual recognition testing. Item difficulty and discrimination were examined for three different item formats: (a) items without a NOTA option, (b) items with NOTA as a distracter, and (c) items with NOTA as the correct answer. The questions were based on two photographs with similar content. A total of 98 participants from a large southeastern
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Hudson, Ross David. "Multiple-choice questions compared to short-answer response: which assesses understanding of chemistry more effectively?" Thesis, Curtin University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/1720.

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The research inquires into the effectiveness of the two predominant forms of questions that are used on the Victorian Certificate of Education (VCE) Victoria Chemistry examination. These are multiple-choice questions and short-answer questions. This research examines not only the style of chemistry question but also the content type examined (recall and application questions) along with gender differences in students’ responses to such questions. The research involved three phases, i) analysis of five years results from the VCE Chemistry examinations, ii) class trial testing students of both g
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Liao, Jui-Teng. "Multiple-choice and short-answer questions in language assessment: the interplay between item format and second language reading." Diss., University of Iowa, 2018. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/6178.

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Multiple-choice (MCQs) and short-answer questions (SAQs) are the most common test formats for assessing English reading proficiency. While the former provides test-takers with prescribed options, the latter requires short written responses. Test developers favor MCQs over SAQs for the following reasons: less time required for rating, high rater agreement, and wide content coverage. This mixed methods dissertation investigated the impacts of test format on reading performance, metacognitive awareness, test-completion processes, and task perceptions. Participants were eighty English as a second
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Lee, Jia-Ying. "Second language reading topic familiarity and test score: test-taking strategies for multiple-choice comprehension questions." Diss., University of Iowa, 2011. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/2737.

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The main purpose of this study was to compare the strategies used by Chinese- speaking students when confronted with familiar versus unfamiliar topics in a multiple-choice format reading comprehension test. The focus was on describing what students do when they are taking reading comprehension tests by asking students to verbalize their thoughts. The strategies were further compared with participants' level of familiarity with different reading topics and their reading scores. Twenty Chinese-speaking participants at the University of Iowa performed three tasks: a topical knowledge vocabulary a
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Oellermann, Susan Wilma, and der merwe Alexander Dawid Van. "Can Using Online Formative Assessment Boost the Academic Performance of Business Students? An Empirical Study." Kamla-Raj, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10321/1571.

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The declining quality of first year student intake at the Durban University of Technology (DUT) prompted the addition of online learning to traditional instruction. The time spent by students in an online classroom and their scores in subsequent multiple-choice question (MCQ) tests were measured. Tests on standardised regression coefficients showed self-test time as a significant predictor of summative MCQ performance while controlling for ability. Exam MCQ performance was found to be associated, positively and significantly, with annual self-test time at the 5 percent level and a significant
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Books on the topic "Multiple choice questions (MCQs)"

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Jennett. McQs in Physiology (Multiple Choice Questions). W.B. Saunders Company, 1997.

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COST ACCOUNTING - MCQs : (multiple Choice Questions). Independently Published, 2021.

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Hassall, A., A. J. Turner, and E. J. Wood. MCQs in Biochemistry (Multiple Choice Questions). Elsevier, 1987.

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Iqbal, Arshad. MCAT MCQs: Multiple Choice Questions and Answers. Independently Published, 2017.

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Iqbal, Arshad. PHP MCQs: Multiple Choice Questions and Answers. Independently published, 2017.

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Iqbal, Arshad. DBMS MCQs: Multiple Choice Questions and Answers. Independently Published, 2022.

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Iqbal, Arshad. C++ MCQs: Multiple Choice Questions and Answers. Independently Published, 2017.

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MCQs for psychiatric studies (Multiple choice questions). Churchill Livingstone, 1988.

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McQs in Clinical Pharmacology: Multiple Choice Questions. Churchill Livingstone, 1988.

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Iqbal, Arshad. College Biology MCQs: Multiple Choice Questions and Answers. Independently Published, 2017.

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Book chapters on the topic "Multiple choice questions (MCQs)"

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Siddiq, Md Abu Bakar. "Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) and Answers." In Musculoskeletal Ultrasound in Rheumatic Diseases. Springer Nature Singapore, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-96-5298-3_8.

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Cottrell, Stella. "Multiple choice question exams (MCQs)." In The Exam Skills Handbook. Macmillan Education UK, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-01356-9_13.

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Awari, G. K., V. S. Kumbhar, R. B. Tirpude, and S. W. Rajurkar. "Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) with Answers and Necessary Explanation." In Automotive Manufacturing Processes. CRC Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003367321-13.

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Gwinnett, Claire. "The Design and Implementation of Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) in Forensic Science Assessment." In Forensic Science Education and Training. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118689196.ch17.

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Leclercq, D., E. Boxus, P. de Brogniez, H. Wuidar, and F. Lambert. "The TASTE Approach: General Implicit Solutions in Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs), Open Books Exams and Interactive Testing." In Item Banking: Interactive Testing and Self-Assessment. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-58033-8_17.

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Chen, Zebiao, Runfeng Lin, Bin Zhu, Jianbin Chen, Sujun Zhong, and Shouqiang Liu. "MCQG: Reading Comprehension Multiple Choice Questions Generation Based on Pre-trained Language Models." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer Nature Singapore, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-96-0119-6_27.

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Rennie, Frank, and Keith Smyth. "Multiple choice question (MCQ)." In Digital Learning: The Key Concepts, 2nd ed. Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429425240-136.

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Kulkarni, Lalita, and Smt Kashibai Navale Medical College and General Hospital Smt. Kashibai Navale Medical College and General Hospital. "Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)." In Anatomy Simplified. Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd., 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp/books/12400_7.

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Barrett, Tristan, Nadeem Shaida, Ashley Shaw, and Adrian K. Dixon. "Multiple choice questions (MCQs)." In Radiology for Undergraduate Finals and Foundation Years. CRC Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315375854-5.

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Triantis, Dimos, and Errikos-Chaim Ventouras. "Paired Multiple Choice Questionnaires." In Handbook of Research on Applied Learning Theory and Design in Modern Education. IGI Global, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-9634-1.ch033.

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Multiple Choice Question (MCQs) tests have long been used as assessment tools. A significant problem of MCQs tests is the positive grades bias introduced by guessing. This chapter describes a novel assessment tool in which the questions given in the test constitute pairs, referred to as “paired” MCQs (p-MCQs). Every pair addresses the same topic, but this similarity is not evident for a student who does not possess adequate knowledge on the topic addressed in the questions of the pair. The answers to the questions are graded in pairs, providing a bonus, if both questions of the pair are correc
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Conference papers on the topic "Multiple choice questions (MCQs)"

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Yao, Zonghai, Aditya Parashar, Huixue Zhou, et al. "MCQG-SRefine: Multiple Choice Question Generation and Evaluation with Iterative Self-Critique, Correction, and Comparison Feedback." In Proceedings of the 2025 Conference of the Nations of the Americas Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies (Volume 1: Long Papers). Association for Computational Linguistics, 2025. https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2025.naacl-long.538.

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Ortiz-Bustos, Josefa, Helena Pérez del Pulgar, Isabel del Hierro, and Sanjiv Prashar. "STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS IN CHEMISTRY EDUCATION." In 17th annual International Conference of Education, Research and Innovation. IATED, 2024. https://doi.org/10.21125/iceri.2024.1637.

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Palta, Shramay, Nishant Balepur, Peter A. Rankel, Sarah Wiegreffe, Marine Carpuat, and Rachel Rudinger. "Plausibly Problematic Questions in Multiple-Choice Benchmarks for Commonsense Reasoning." In Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: EMNLP 2024. Association for Computational Linguistics, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.18653/v1/2024.findings-emnlp.198.

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Çavuşoğlu, Devrim, Seçil Şen, and Ulaş Sert. "DisGeM: Distractor Generation for Multiple Choice Questions with Span Masking." In Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: EMNLP 2024. Association for Computational Linguistics, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.18653/v1/2024.findings-emnlp.568.

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Pöysäri, Saku, Niko Siltala, and Jyrki Latokartano. "EVALUATING AI-GENERATED MULTIPLE-CHOICE EXAM QUESTIONS IN ROBOTICS EDUCATION." In 19th International Technology, Education and Development Conference. IATED, 2025. https://doi.org/10.21125/inted.2025.0809.

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Pinto, Helder Rodrigo. "NOTEBOOKLM: CASE STUDY FOR GENERATING MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS FOR ASSESSMENT TESTS." In 19th International Technology, Education and Development Conference. IATED, 2025. https://doi.org/10.21125/inted.2025.1950.

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Luo, Shunyang, Yuqi Tang, Mingyuan Jiang, Kehua Feng, Qiang Zhang, and Keyan Ding. "Generating Multiple Choice Questions from Scientific Literature via Large Language Models." In 2024 IEEE International Conference on Knowledge Graph (ICKG). IEEE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1109/ickg63256.2024.00035.

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Otero, José, and Nahuel Costa. "AUTOMATED GENERATION OF PYTHON PROGRAMMING MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS USING REFLECTION AND METAPROGRAMMING." In 17th annual International Conference of Education, Research and Innovation. IATED, 2024. https://doi.org/10.21125/iceri.2024.1217.

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Balepur, Nishant, Abhilasha Ravichander, and Rachel Rudinger. "Artifacts or Abduction: How Do LLMs Answer Multiple-Choice Questions Without the Question?" In Proceedings of the 62nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers). Association for Computational Linguistics, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.18653/v1/2024.acl-long.555.

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Shin, Donghyeon, Seungpil Lee, Klea Lena Kovacec, and Sundong Kim. "From Generation to Selection: Findings of Converting Analogical Problem-Solving into Multiple-Choice Questions." In Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: EMNLP 2024. Association for Computational Linguistics, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.18653/v1/2024.findings-emnlp.392.

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Reports on the topic "Multiple choice questions (MCQs)"

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Diehl, Grover E., and Robert Doucette. Why Have Four-Option Multiple Choice Questions? Defense Technical Information Center, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada362211.

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Mintii, Iryna S., Svitlana V. Shokaliuk, Tetiana A. Vakaliuk, Mykhailo M. Mintii, and Vladimir N. Soloviev. Import test questions into Moodle LMS. [б. в.], 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/3271.

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The purpose of the study is to highlight the theoretical and methodological aspects of preparing the test questions of the most common types in the form of text files for further import into learning management system (LMS) Moodle. The subject of the research is the automated filling of the Moodle LMS test database. The objectives of the study: to analyze the import files of test questions, their advantages and disadvantages; to develop guidelines for the preparation of test questions of common types in the form of text files for further import into Moodle LMS. The action algorithms for import
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timmons, shane, and pete lunn. Public understanding of climate change and support for mitigation. ESRI, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.26504/rs135.

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In this study, a large, representative sample of the Irish population undertook a multiple-choice quiz about climate change. The 10-minute quiz was designed to engage participants and to measure their understanding, not of facts and figures, but of the scientific relationships behind climate change – of what causes what, and how. The study was conducted in mid-October 2021. As well as revealing how well the population understands climate change, the central focus of the study was the relationship between understanding and willingness to act. To investigate this, the study contained an experime
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Madsen, Jens, Nikhil Kuppa, and Lucas Parra. The Brain, Body, and Behaviour Dataset - Neural Engineering Lab, CCNY. Fcp-indi, 2025. https://doi.org/10.15387/fcp_indi.retro.bbbd.

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When humans engage with video, their brain and body interact in response to sensory input. To investigate these interactions, we recorded and are releasing a dataset from N=178 participants across five experiments featuring short online educational videos. This dataset comprises approximately 110 hours of multimodal data including electrocardiogram (ECG), heart rate, respiration, breathing rate, pupil size, electrooculogram (EOG), gaze position, saccades, blinks, fixations, head movement, and electroencephalogram (EEG). Participants viewed 3-6 videos (mean total duration: 28±5 min) to test att
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Hamill, Daniel D., Jeremy J. Giovando, Chandler S. Engel, Travis A. Dahl, and Michael D. Bartles. Application of a Radiation-Derived Temperature Index Model to the Willow Creek Watershed in Idaho, USA. U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41360.

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The ability to simulate snow accumulation and melting processes is fundamental to developing real-time hydrological models in watersheds with a snowmelt-dominated flow regime. A primary source of uncertainty with this model development approach is the subjectivity related to which historical periods to use and how to combine parameters from multiple calibration events. The Hydrologic Engineering Center, Hydrological Modeling System, has recently implemented a hybrid temperature index (TI) snow module that has not been extensively tested. This study evaluates a radiatative temperature index (RT
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Voloshynov, Serhii A., Halyna V. Popova, Alona Y. Yurzhenko, and Ekaterina O. Shmeltser. The use of digital escape room in educational electronic environment of maritime higher education institutions. [б. в.], 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/3869.

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The paper is tended to investigate the gamification activities use in educational electronic environment of maritime higher education institutions. Gamification methods with examples are described (gamification testing, QR Code quest, storytelling and escape room). Comparative characteristic of traditional learning and learning using gamification in educational electronic environment is given in the article according to different criteria: the place and role of teacher or students in the learning process; type of information communication; methods of training; equipment; level of freedom of th
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Carrera-Arce, Maria, Raphael Baumler, Bikram Singh Bhatia, and Lei Du. Shore leave: rare, brief and in danger of extinction. World Maritime University, 2025. https://doi.org/10.21677/250326.

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Shore leave for seafarers is generally accepted as a custom, if not a right, essential for well-being and pressure relief from the responsibilities of life on board. However, it is clear that the ability of seafarers to take shore leave has been seriously eroded and may even be facing extinction. The combination of workload on board and limited time in port make it virtually impossible for seafarers to make time for shore leave. Commercial pressures have increased, and there is a serious risk that facilities available for seafarers will decline due to a lack of demand. The culprits are multipl
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