Relevant bibliographies by topics / Multiple cracking

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Multiple cracking'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 2 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Multiple cracking"

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Zhang, Jun, and Bing Leng. "Transition from multiple macro-cracking to multiple micro-cracking in cementitious composites." Tsinghua Science and Technology 13, no. 5 (October 2008): 669–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1007-0214(08)70109-3.

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Fissolo, A., V. Maillot, G. Degallaix, S. Degallaix, N. Haddar, J. C. Le Roux, J. M. Stephan, C. Amzallag, and F. Bouchet. "Multiple cracking under thermal fatigue." Revue de Métallurgie 101, no. 12 (December 2004): 1087–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/metal:2004112.

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Semboshi, Satoshi, Naoya Masahashi, and Shuji Hanada. "Multiple cracking of tantalum by hydrogenation." Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A 34, no. 3 (March 2003): 685–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11661-003-0102-4.

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Huang, Y., H. W. Zhang, and F. Wu. "Multiple cracking in metal-ceramic laminates." International Journal of Solids and Structures 31, no. 20 (October 1994): 2753–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0020-7683(94)90067-1.

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Wang, J., and B. L. Karihaloo. "Multiple Cracking in Angle-Ply Composite Laminates." Journal of Composite Materials 29, no. 10 (July 1995): 1321–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002199839502901004.

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Handge, U. A., Y. Leterrier, G. Rochat, I. M. Sokolov, and A. Blumen. "Two scaling domains in multiple cracking phenomena." Physical Review E 62, no. 6 (December 1, 2000): 7807–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physreve.62.7807.

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Bazhenov, S. L., I. N. Nasrullaev, I. V. Razumovskaya, S. K. Kudaikulova, B. A. Zhubanov, and Marc J. M. Abadie. "Multiple Cracking of Metallized Polyimide Kapton Films." Eurasian Chemico-Technological Journal 6, no. 1 (April 7, 2016): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.18321/ectj332.

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Mechanical behaviour of metallized polyimide Kapton films was studied. The adhesion of metallized films to Kapton films is approximately hundred-folds higher than that of coatings made by usual sputter deposition of a metal on a polymer substrate. Multiple cracking of a metallized film was observed. Cracks<br />of two different scale levels are observed. The cracks of the first type (microcracks) are short with 1-2 μm length. The cracks of the second type are much longer and have length of several hundreds microns. The cracks of this type appear at higher strains as compared with the shorter ones. In thinner 7-μm-thick samples<br />long cracks were not observed.
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Curtin, W. A. "Multiple matrix cracking in brittle matrix composites." Acta Metallurgica et Materialia 41, no. 5 (May 1993): 1369–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0956-7151(93)90246-o.

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Panin, S. V., and R. V. Goldstein. "Sliding mode of multiple cracking of thin coatings." Physical Mesomechanics 10, no. 1-2 (January 2007): 111–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physme.2007.06.011.

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Hsueh, C. H., and A. A. Wereszczak. "Multiple cracking of brittle coatings on strained substrates." Journal of Applied Physics 96, no. 6 (September 15, 2004): 3501–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1783613.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Multiple cracking"

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Iwamoto, Sohei. "Analysis of multiple cracking and interfacial debonding of the galvannealed coating layer under applied tensile strain." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/77968.

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Kyoto University (京都大学)
0048
新制・課程博士
博士(工学)
甲第14575号
工博第3043号
新制||工||1453(附属図書館)
26927
UT51-2009-D287
京都大学大学院工学研究科材料工学専攻
(主査)教授 落合 庄治郎, 教授 粟倉 泰弘, 准教授 奥田 浩司
学位規則第4条第1項該当
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Ahn, Byung Ki. "Interfacial Mechanics in Fiber-Reinforced Composites: Mechanics of Single and Multiple Cracks in CMCs." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/29791.

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Several critical issues in the mechanics of the interface between the fibers and matrix in ceramic matrix composites (CMCs) are studied. The first issue is the competition between crack deflection and penetration at the fiber/matrix interface. When a matrix crack, the first fracture mode in a CMC, reaches the interface, two different crack modes are possible; crack deflection along the interface and crack penetration into the fibers. A criterion based on strain energy release rates is developed to determine the crack propagation at the interface. The Axisymmetric Damage Model (ADM), a newly-developed numerical technique, is used to obtain the strain energy in the cracked composite. The results are compared with a commonly-used analytic solution provided by He and Hutchinson (HH), and also with experimental data on a limited basis. The second issue is the stress distribution near the debond/sliding interface. If the interface is weak enough for the main matrix crack to deflect and form a debond/sliding zone, then the stress distribution around the sliding interface is of interest because it provides insight into further cracking modes, i.e. multiple matrix cracking or possibly fiber failure. The stress distributions are obtained by the ADM and compared to a simple shear-lag model in which a constant sliding resistance is assumed. The results show that the matrix axial stress, which is responsible for further matrix cracking, is accurately predicted by the shear-lag model. Finally, the third issue is multiple matrix cracking. We present a theory to predict the stress/strain relations and unload/reload hysteresis behavior during the evolution of multiple matrix cracking. The random spacings between the matrix cracks as well as the crack interactions are taken into account in the model. The procedure to obtain the interfacial sliding resistance, thermal residual stress, and matrix flaw distribution from the experimental stress/strain data is discussed. The results are compared to a commonly-used approach in which uniform crack spacings are assumed. Overall, we have considered various crack modes in the fiber-reinforced CMCs; from a single matrix crack to multiple matrix cracking, and have suggested models to predict the microscopic crack behavior and to evaluate the macroscopic stress/strain relations. The damage tolerance or toughening due to the inelastic strains caused by matrix cracking phenomenon is the key issue of this study, and the interfacial mechanics in conjunction with the crack behavior is the main issue discussed here. The models can be used to interpret experimental data such as micrographs of crack surface or extent of crack damage, and stress/strain curves, and in general the models can be used as guidelines to design tougher composites.
Ph. D.
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Liu, Xiaodong. "Effects of stress on intergranular corrosion and intergranular stress corrosion cracking in AA2024-T3." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1133313637.

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Lieboldt, Matthias, and Viktor Mechtcherine. "Einfluss von Rissen auf den Feuchtetransport in textilbewehrtem Beton." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2011. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-77943.

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In diesem Beitrag wird die Wasserabsorption und die Wasserpermeabilität von axial vorbelasteten Prüfkörpern aus textilbewehrtem Beton (TRC) und biegebelasteten Verbundprüfkörpern (Normalbeton + TRC) im gerissenen Zustand untersucht. Durch in situ Permeabilitätsmessungen wird das dehnungsabhängige Transportverhalten im einaxialen Zugversuch beobachtet und mittels eines analytischen Modells beschrieben. Es besteht eine ausgeprägte Abhängigkeit der Transportraten von Flüssigkeiten zu relevanten Risscharakteristika (Rissanzahl, Rissbreite). Weiterhin wurden Selbstheilungseffekte von feinen Rissen infolge einer zyklischen Wasserbeaufschlagung beobachtet. Die Feuchteverteilung in einer gerissenen Normalbetonprobe und einer Verbundprobe (Normalbeton + TRC) wird mit Hilfe der Neutronenstrahlradiographie zeit- und ortsaufgelöst dargestellt. Das Eindringen von Wasser wird anhand der Messungen qualitativ vorgestellt und diskutiert
In this study water absorption and water permeability were tested on uniaxially preloaded, cracked specimens made of textile reinforced concrete (TRC) and cracked composite specimens (ordinary concrete + TRC) preloaded in bending. The influence of imposed strain on the permeation of water was observed in-situ by using uniaxial tensile tests and described by an analytical model. The transport values for the cracked material correlated with the cracks’ characteristics (number of cracks, crack width). Furthermore, the effect of self-healing phenomena on the transport properties of TRC was considered. The distribution of water in cracked ordinary concrete and cracked composite specimens was studied by means of neutron radiography which provided with a high spatial and temporal resolution. The penetration of water is presented qualitatively and discussed
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Bolivar, Vina José. "Experimental study of the behavior of colonies of environmentally-assisted short cracks by digital image correlation, acoustic emission and electrochemical noise." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSEI059/document.

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Ce travail s’inscrit dans le contexte d’une meilleure prédiction de la durée de vie de structures soumises au risque d’amorçage et de propagation de fissures multiples de corrosion sous contrainte (CSC). Ainsi, en développant une méthodologie expérimentale originale basée sur des mesures conjointes de corrélation d’images numériques (DIC), d’émission acoustique (EA) et de bruit électrochimique (EN), et leur analyse, ce travail vise à contribuer à l’amélioration de la compréhension des mécanismes impliqués dans le développement de colonies de fissures courtes de CSC qui interagissent entre elles, et à la simulation du comportement de cette colonie. Le choix de conditions optimales de traitement thermique d’un alliage base-Ni et de pH d’une solution de polythionate, a permis la maitrise des paramètres géométriques et morphologiques de colonies de fissures intergranulaires, qui ont été investiguées par DIC grâce à l’optimisation d’une préparation de surface adaptée. Les différentes phases de propagation d’une fissure unique et d’une colonie de fissures ont été identifiées, de même que les mécanismes associés, par des expérimentations et analyses réalisées en 2D et en 3D. Cette approche expérimentale innovante a permis de poser les bases d’une approche numérique puis de la valider. Un focus particulier a été porté sur l’EN au travers d’une analyse critique des perturbations engendrées par le bruit de l’instrumentation et par l’asymétrie du système d’étude. Les limitations de la technique pour son application à l’étude quantitative de la corrosion sous contrainte ont été évaluées sur la base des résultats de l’étude. Une transposition de la démarche expérimentale à hautes pressions et températures est proposée comme perspective à court terme de ce travail, qui permet également d’envisager la prise en compte de différents modes de propagation des fissures en lien avec la microstructure du matériau dans l’approche numérique
This work concerns with the current needs of enhancing the tools used for predicting the remnant lifetime of structures subjected to the risk of initiation and propagation of multiple stress corrosion cracks (SCC). The approach consists in developing an original experimental methodology based on joint measurements of digital image correlation (DIC), acoustic emission (EA) and electrochemical noise (EN). The final objective is to contribute to both the understanding of the mechanisms involved in the development of interacting short stress corrosion cracks and to the modeling of the colony behavior. The choice of optimal conditions for the heat treatment of a Nickel-base alloy and for the pH of a polythionate solution allowed controlling the morphological parameters of intergranular cracks colonies, which were investigated by DIC owning to an optimized suitable surface treatment. The different propagation stages of a single crack and some colonies were identified, together with the involved mechanisms, through experiments and analyses performed in 2D and 3D. This innovative experimental approach allowed settling the basements of the numerical modeling and validating it. A particular attention was focused on EN measurements through a critical analysis of the perturbations generated by the instrumental noise and the asymmetry of the studied system. The limitations of the technique for its application to the quantitative study of SCC were evaluated on the basis of the present results. A transposal of the experimental approach towards high temperature and pressure conditions of test was finally proposed as a short-term prospect of this work, also allowing considering other modes of crack propagation linked to the material microstructure in the numerical approach
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Hejman, Ulf. "On initiation of chemically assisted crack growth and crack propagation paths of branching cracks in polycarbonate." Licentiate thesis, Malmö högskola, Teknik och samhälle, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-7790.

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Stress corrosion, SC, in some cases gives rise to stress corrosion cracking, SCC, which differs from purely stress intensity driven cracks in many aspects. They initiate and grow under the influence of an aggressive environment in a stressed substrate. They grow at low load and may branch. The phenomenon of SCC is very complex, both the initiation phase and crack extension itself of SCC is seemingly associated with arbitrariness due to the many unknown factors controlling the process. Such factors could be concentration of species in the environment, stress, stress concentration, electrical conditions, mass transport, and so on.In the present thesis, chemically assisted crack initiation and growth is studied with special focus on the initiation and branching of cracks. Polycarbonate plates are used as substrates subjected to an acetone environment. Experimental procedures for examining initiation and branching in polycarbonate are presented. An optical microscope is employed to study the substrate.The attack at initiation is quantified from pits found on the surface, and pits that act as origin for cracks is identified and the distribution is analysed. A growth criterion for surface cracks is formulated from the observations, and it is used to numerically simulate crack growth. The cracks are seen to coalesce, and this phenomenon is studied in detail. Branching sites of cracks growing in the bulk of polycarbonate are inspected at the sample surface. It is found that the total width of the crack branches are approximately the same as the width of the original crack. Also, angles of the branches are studied. Further, for comparison the crack growth in the bulk is simulated using a moving boundary problem based algorithm and similar behaviour of crack branching is found.
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Iasnii, Volodymyr. "Assessment of the limit state of superheater collectors." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014CLF22480.

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Cette thèse a été réalisée en cotutelle entre l'Université Technique Nationale Ivan Pul'uj de Ternopil (TNTU, Ukraine) et l’Université Blaise Pascal (Clermont Ferrand, France). Les travaux ont été effectués au sein de l'Institut Pascal de l’Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont II, de l’IFMA et du CNRS, dans le thème scientifique Matériaux actifs et intelligents, modélisation multi-échelle de l'axe Mécanique, Matériaux et Structures, et au sein de l'Institut Français de Mécanique Avancée. Les travaux réalisés sont inscrits dans l'action transversale « Matériaux et Modélisations Multi-Echelles » de l'Institut Pascal et, en partie, dans l'action MAIM du Laboratoire d'Excellence Labex IMobS3. La thèse présentée appartient au domaine scientifique de la mécanique de la rupture et la science des matériaux.Le but de ce travail est l’étude de l'effet du temps de fonctionnement sur les dommages de la structure, les propriétés mécaniques et la ténacité d'acier de collecteur de surchauffe dans les centrales thermiques et de développer les méthodes qui sont basées sur l'évaluation de la résistance résiduelle du collecteur en tenant compte des dispersions des propriétés mécaniques, du chargement opérationnel et des défauts de taille. La thèse étudie l'influence de l'hydrogénation sur le comportement mécanique, la ténacité et les micro-mécanismes de rupture dans le matériau du collecteur de surchauffe à déformation lente
This thesis has been performed under the cotutelle agreement between Ternopil Ivan Pul’uj National Technical University (TNTU, Ukraine) and Blaise Pascal University (Clermont Ferrand, France). The thesis has been carried out within Pascal Institute of the Blaise Pascal University - Clermont II, the IFMA and the CNRS, in the Scientific Theme “Active and Smart Materials and Multiscale Modeling” of the Mechanics, Materials and Structures Department, and within the French Institute for Advanced Mechanics. The work is included in the Transversal Action "Materials and Multi-scale Modelling" of the Pascal Institute and in the Action MAIM of the Excellence Laboratory Labex IMobS3. The presented thesis belongs to the scientific field of fracture mechanics and material science. The aim of the thesis is to study the effect of operating time on damage of structure, mechanical properties and fracture toughness of superheater collector steel at thermal power plants (TPPs) and to develop the methods that are based on the assessment of the residual strength of collector taking into account the mechanical properties scatter, operational loading and defect sizes. The thesis studies the influence of hydrogenation on mechanical behavior, fracture toughness and fracture micromechanisms in the material of superheater collector at slow deformation
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Garcez, Estela Oliari. "Investigação do comportamento de Engineered Cementitious Composites reforçados com fibras de polipropileno como material para recapeamento de pavimentos." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/28642.

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Uma parcela substancial das rodovias do país apresenta processos de deterioração graves de seus pavimentos, fato que acarreta sérios impactos econômicos, sociais e ambientais, resultando em aumento do consumo de combustível, dos gastos com manutenção dos veículos, da frequência de engarrafamentos e do tempo gasto em deslocamentos. A utilização de recapeamentos ou overlays de concreto tem demonstrado ser uma alternativa sustentável e econômica para a reabilitação de pavimentos. No entanto, em muitos casos, os overlays de concreto não tem conseguido prevenir a ocorrência de fissuração por reflexão. Os Engineered Cementitious Composite (ECCs) são um tipo especial de compósitos cimentícios de alto desempenho reforçados com fibras, cuja principal característica é a altíssima ductilidade. Esta propriedade faz com que os mesmos sejam capazes de superar muitas das limitações dos overlays de concreto tradicionais. Fibras de PVA com uma camada superficial modificada foram especialmente desenvolvidas para serem empregadas no reforço de ECCs (ou PVAECC). O custo de tais fibras é o principal responsável pelo elevado custo dos ECCs, o que pode inviabilizar seu emprego em alguns casos. Buscando alternativas, este estudo se focou na investigação da possibilidade de uso de fibras de polipropileno (PP) de alto desempenho. Estas fibras, com custo mais atraente, já são produzidas comercialmente no Brasil, e usadas na produção de fibrocimento. As mesmas se demonstraram adequadas para uso como reforço em ECCs (ou PPECC), sendo capazes de garantir que se atinja um comportamento dúctil através do desenvolvimento de um processo de múltipla fissuração. Um resultado importante foi que a dimensão média da abertura das fissuras nos PPECC foi de 10 m, enquanto nos PVAECC a mesma era 60 m. Este resultado pode resultar em incrementos na durabilidade de estruturas. Além disto, o trabalho investigou o comportamento à flexão e fadiga dos ECCs reforçados com fibras de polipropileno. Os resultados demonstraram que os compósitos produzidos com cimento Portland tipo V-ARI não se comportam adequadamente à fadiga, uma vez que ocorre a deterioração das fibras. Por outro lado, os compósitos produzidos com cimento tipo I, já usualmente empregado em ECCs, apresentaram resultados satisfatórios. Um modelo de previsão de vida útil foi gerado para recapeamentos de PPECC, PVAECC e concreto, em função das espessuras dos revestimentos. O mesmo indicou que os ECCs requerem camadas 1,5 a 2,5 vezes mais finas que as usuais de concreto. O material foi, então, testado especificamente quanto à resistência à fissuração por reflexão. Os resultados demonstraram que o PPECC pode modificar o modo de ruptura frágil dos recapeamentos através do processo de múltipla fissuração. Na última etapa do trabalho foi realizada uma análise do ciclo de vida e dos custos do ciclo de vida de quatro diferentes sistemas de recapeamento – concreto, asfalto, PVAECC e PPECC. Os resultados mostram que os overlays de ECCs são bastante atrativos, pois diminuem tanto o consumo de energia associado aos processos de projeto, construção e manutenção do recapeamento, bem como reduzem a liberação de emissões gasosas à atmosfera, constituindo uma alternativa mais sustentável que as demais. Os sistemas de recapeamento com ECC também resultaram em vantagens econômicas. Apesar do alto custo inicial, a menor frequência de atividades de manutenção resulta em uma redução do custo total ao longo do período de 40 anos considerado. Isto representa uma importante economia em termos de custos diretos para os responsáveis pelas rodovias. De forma geral, o trabalho evidenciou a viabilidade de uso dos PPECCs para reabilitação de pavimentos.
Many old pavements in service today are approaching the end of their design service lives. Others are in dire need of major repair to continue serving, resulting in economical, environmental and social impacts by increasing vehicle fuel consumption and maintenance costs, traffic jam and delays. For pavements subject to moderate and heavy traffic, concrete overlays are increasingly being used as a cost effective and sustainable rehabilitation technique. However, concrete overlays have some physical limitations that contribute to durability concerns, which increase the probability of pavement overlay failure and maintenance frequency. Consequently, alternative materials are being developed to improve overlay performance. Engineered Cementitious Composites (ECC) are a special type of high performance fiber reinforced cementitious composites, designed for high ductility and damage tolerance which may overcome concrete overlay limitations. Polyvinylalcohol (PVA) fibers with special coating are typically used as reinforcement of ECC. Although some successful field application of PVAECC, the use of ECC is restrained by the high cost of the material, consequence of high PVA fibers cost. This research is focused on the investigation of using high tenacity polypropylene fibers as reinforcement of engineered cementitious composites (PPECC). Those fibers are produced and available in Brazil for fibrocement industry by less than half price of PVA fibers. PP fibers have demonstrated good performance in reinforcing ECC, assuring composite strain-hardening behavior through the development of multiple cracking processes. An important finding was the tinier crack opening of PPECC – 10 m average- comparing to PVAECC – 60 m average. This result may result in higher material durability. Furthermore, flexural and fatigue behavior or ECCs reinforced with PP fibers were investigated. Results have shown that Portland cement type V (high early strength) is not adequate for PPECCs subject to fatigue loading, resulting in fiber deterioration and premature rupture. By the other hand, promising results were found with cement ordinary type I, usually used in ECC production. A model of service life prediction was developed for PPECC, PVAECC and concrete overlays correlated to overlay thickness. Results have shown that ECCs may reduce overlay thickness in 1.5 to 2.5 times the usual thickness of overlay concrete. Reflective cracking resistance of PPECC was also testes. From the results it is possible to deduce that PPECC may modify typical rupture mode of concrete overlays through the development of multiple cracking. In the last stage of this work, life cycle analyses and life cycle cost analyses of four different overlays systems – concrete, hot mix asphalt, PVAECC and PPECC – were carried out. The results of this study have shown that an ECC overlay system have lower environmental burdens, reducing the energy consumption related to design, construction and maintenance activities, reducing green house effect as well. Life cycle costs analyses over a 40 years service life revealed that PPECC is the most economical overlay system compared to concrete, hot mix asphalt and PVAECC overlay systems. Agency costs are significantly reduced by adopting PPECC overlays. PPECC is a feasible alternative for pavement rehabilitation.
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Lieboldt, Matthias, and Viktor Mechtcherine. "Medientransport durch Verstärkungsschichten aus textilbewehrtem Beton." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2009. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-ds-1244045285527-10721.

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In den durchgeführten Versuchsreihen wurden die Wasserabsorption sowie die Gas- und Wasserpermeabilität sowohl an gerissenen als auch rissfreien Prüfkörpern aus textilbewehrtem Beton (TRC) untersucht. Eine deutliche Steigerung der Wasseraufnahme bei Proben mit unbeschichteten Textilien konnte mit Zunahme der Garnfeinheit beobachtet werden. Bei den gerissenen Proben besteht eine ausgeprägte Abhängigkeit der Transportraten von Flüssigkeiten und Gasen zu den relevanten Risscharakteristika (kumulative Risslänge, Rissbreite). Weiterhin sind Selbstheilungseffekte von feinen Rissen infolge einer zyklischen Wasserbeaufschlagung beobachtet worden. Hierbei kam es zu einer deutlichen Reduzierung der Transportraten sowohl für Wasser als auch für Gase. Eine speziell entwickelte Permeabilitätsmesskammer zur Durchführung von In- Situ-Messungen ermöglicht Untersuchungen zum Stofftransport unter axialer Zugbelastung bei verschiedenen Dehnungszuständen.
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Csati, Zoltan. "Mesh-independent modelling of diffuse cracking in cohesive grain-based materials." Thesis, Ecole centrale de Nantes, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019ECDN0037.

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Dans cette thèse, une formulation stable mixte de déplacement–multiplicateur de Lagrange est développée pour modéliser la fissuration dans les matériaux cohésifs à grains dans le cadre de la méthode des éléments finis etendus (CutFEM). Le champ de déplacement est discrétisé sur chaque grain individuellement, et la continuité des champs de déplacement et de traction aux interfaces entre grains est assurée par des multiplicateurs de Lagrange. La construction de l'espace discret des multiplicateurs de Lagrange est détaillée pour les éléments quadrangulaires bilinéaires avec la présence d’interfaces multiples dans un élément. Des preuves numériques sont données que cet espace de multiplicateurs de Lagrange est stable, et des exemples démontrant la robustesse de la méthode sont fournis. Avec cette discrétisation stable, une formulation de zone cohésive permet de modéliser la propagation de fissures multiples aux interfaces entre grains. Pour éviter des interpénétrations aux faces des fissures pendant le déchargement, une condition de contact est imposée. Les solutions pour les champs mécaniques et le champ d’endommagement sont obtenues séparément et un algorithme explicite permet d'utiliser une approche non itérative. La formulation de l’endommagement associe les modes de rupture normal et tangentiel, tient compte de différents comportements de tension et de compression et prend en compte une énergie de rupture dépendante de la compression en mode mixte. La méthode est appliquée à des problèmes 2D complexes inspirés par des tests de tension indirecte et des tests de compression sur des matériaux hétérogènes ressemblant à de la roche
In this thesis a flexible and general stable displacement–Lagrange multiplier mixed formulation is developed to model distributed cracking in cohesive grain-based materials in the framework of the cut finite element method. The displacement field is discretized on each grain separately, and the continuity of the displacement and traction fields across the interfaces between grains is enforced by Lagrange multipliers. The design of the discrete Lagrange multiplier space is detailed for bilinear quadrangular elements with the potential presence of multiple interfaces/discontinuities within an element. We give numerical evidence that the designed Lagrange multiplier space is stable and provide examples demonstrating the robustness of the method. Relying on the stable discretization, a cohesive zone formulation equipped with a damage constitutive model expressed in terms of the traction is used to model the propagation of multiple cracks at the interfaces between grains. To prevent the crack faces from self-penetrating during unloading, a contact condition is enforced. The solutions for the mechanical fields and the damage field are separately obtained and an explicit damage update algorithm allows using a non-iterative approach. The damage formulation couples the normal and tangential failure modes, accounts for different tension and compression behaviours and takes into account a compression-dependent fracture energy in mixed mode. The framework is applied to complex 2D problems inspired by indirect tension tests and compression tests on heterogeneous rock-like materials
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Books on the topic "Multiple cracking"

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author, Dacosta Riley, and Princeton Review (Firm), eds. Cracking the CSET. New York: Random House, 2010.

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Bryan, Kurt. A computational algorithm for crack determination, the multiple crack case. Hampton, Va: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Langley Research Center, 1992.

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Bryan, Kurt. Reconstruction of multiple cracks from experimental electrostatic boundary measurements. Hampton, Va: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Langley Research Center, 1994.

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Bryan, Kurt. Reconstruction of multiple cracks from experimental electrostatic boundary measurements. Hampton, Va: Institute for Computer Applications in Science and Engineering, 1993.

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Cracking the shell: Three Korean ecopoets Seungho Choi, Chiha Kim, Hyonjong Chong. Paramus, N.J: Homa & Sekey Books, 2006.

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Huang, Yukon. Cracking the China Conundrum. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190630034.001.0001.

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China is an abnormal economic power. No country has grown so rapidly for so long and in such an extreme manner. Media coverage has soared because China’s rise is now challenging the world’s balance of power. Yet one is as likely to read about a possible financial crisis as its emergence as the world’s largest economy. But much of the analysis is flawed, as are many of the policy prescriptions. China’s unbalanced growth, for example, is seen as a risk but in reality is a virtue. Its soaring debt levels are perceived as signaling a financial collapse but can also be interpreted as evidence of financial deepening. Its trade and foreign investment initiatives are blamed for exacerbating America’s economic decline, even though there is little connection between the two. The factors that have influenced broader concerns, such as corruption and political liberalization, are often misunderstood. And Beijing’s foreign policies in Asia need to be deciphered and dealt with differently if there is to be any hope of moderating geopolitical tensions with the United States and its regional allies. Explaining why there is such extreme variation in views and why the conventional wisdom is so often wrong is the theme of this book. Observers see China’s rise through multiple lenses. Geopolitical differences in values and mistrust is part of the explanation, but differing analytical frameworks, along with China’s size and complexity, are the major reasons. Understanding these differences is critical to forging more constructive relations between China and the rest of the world.
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Cracking the CSET: California subject examination for teachers. 2nd ed. Penguin Random House, 2018.

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Choe, Sung-Ho, Chiha Kim, and Hyonjong Chong. Cracking the Shell: Three Korean Ecopoets Seungho Choi, Chiha Kim, Hyonjong Chong. Homa & Sekey Books, 2005.

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Book chapters on the topic "Multiple cracking"

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Homsi, Farah, Didier Bodin, Denys Breysse, Sylvie Yotte, and Jean-Maurice Balay. "A Multi-linear Fatigue Life Model of Flexible Pavements under Multiple Axle Loadings." In 7th RILEM International Conference on Cracking in Pavements, 697–706. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-4566-7_68.

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Li, Yingxiong, Rostislav Chudoba, Jan Bielak, and Josef Hegger. "A Modelling Framework for the Tensile Behavior of Multiple Cracking Composite." In Strain-Hardening Cement-Based Composites, 418–26. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-024-1194-2_49.

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Pineau, Pierre, Guillaume Couégnat, and Jacques Lamon. "Virtual Testing and Simulation of Multiple Cracking in Transverse Tows of Woven CMCs." In Mechanical Properties and Performance of Engineering Ceramics and Composites V, 319–28. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470944127.ch30.

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Yasuda, Kouichi, Koji Hashimoto, Tadashi Shiota, and Yohtaro Matsuo. "Optical Microscopy of Multiple Matrix Cracking in a Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Glass Matrix Composite." In Ceramic Transactions Series, 93–103. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118144152.ch9.

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McCartney, L. N. "Predicting Non-Linear Behaviour in Multiple-Ply Cross-Ply Laminates Resulting from Micro-Cracking." In IUTAM Symposium on Nonlinear Analysis of Fracture, 379–90. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5642-4_35.

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Saraireh, Danah, Steve Walls, Benny Suryanto, Gerard Starrs, and W. John McCarter. "The Influence of Multiple Micro-cracking on the Electrical Impedance of an Engineered Cementitious Composite." In Strain-Hardening Cement-Based Composites, 292–99. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-024-1194-2_34.

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Balokhonov, Ruslan R., and Varvara A. Romanova. "Microstructure-Based Computational Analysis of Deformation and Fracture in Composite and Coated Materials Across Multiple Spatial Scales." In Springer Tracts in Mechanical Engineering, 377–419. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-60124-9_17.

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AbstractA multiscale analysis is performed to investigate deformation and fracture in the aluminum-alumina composite and steel with a boride coating as an example. Model microstructure of the composite materials with irregular geometry of the matrix-particle and substrate-coating interfaces correspondent to the experimentally observed microstructure is taken into account explicitly as initial conditions of the boundary value problem that allows introducing multiple spatial scales. The problem in a plane strain formulation is solved numerically by the finite-difference method. Physically-based constitutive models are developed to describe isotropic strain hardening, strain rate and temperature effects, Luders band propagation and jerky flow, and fracture. Local regions experiencing bulk tension are found to occur during compression that control cracking of composites. Interrelated plastic strain localization in the steel substrate and aluminum matrix and crack origination and growth in the ceramic coating and particles are shown to depend on the strain rate, particle size and arrangement, as well as on the loading direction: tension or compression.
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Bolivar, J., T. T. Nguyen, Y. Shi, M. Fregonese, J. Réthoré, J. Adrien, A. King, J. Y. Buffiere, and N. Huin. "Multiple Cracks Interactions in Stress Corrosion Cracking: In Situ Observation by Digital Image Correlation and Phase Field Modeling." In The Minerals, Metals & Materials Series, 161–74. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-04639-2_10.

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Bolivar, J., T. T. Nguyen, Y. Shi, M. Fregonese, J. Réthoré, J. Adrien, A. King, J. Y. Buffiere, and N. Huin. "Multiple Cracks Interactions in Stress Corrosion Cracking: In Situ Observation by Digital Image Correlation and Phase Field Modeling." In The Minerals, Metals & Materials Series, 161–74. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-67244-1_10.

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Singh, C. V. "Evolution of multiple matrix cracking." In Modeling Damage, Fatigue and Failure of Composite Materials, 143–71. Elsevier, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-1-78242-286-0.00008-x.

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Conference papers on the topic "Multiple cracking"

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Belanger, Adrian, and Tod Barker. "Multiple Data Inspection of Hard Spots and Cracking." In 2014 10th International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2014-33060.

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Hard spots are serious threats to pipeline operations, especially in pre-1970s vintage pipe where they were unintentionally created in the manufacturing process. Steels with high hardness and tensile strength are susceptible to hydrogen induced cracking (HIC) and thus hard spots with hardnesses higher than that of the surrounding base material are areas in need of remediative action. One course of remediation has been sleeving, but if the sleeve is not properly sealed to the pipe, cracking can be accelerated due to the trapping of moisture. An inspection with multiple data sets (MDS) is capable of identifying hard spots through the use of high and low levels of magnetization and identifying cracking even in sleeved areas using helical field technology. This paper will show the initial tests that were done using an 18-inch MDS tool to measure different types of hardening and quenching. The results are compared to actual hard spots from a 30-inch diameter vintage pipe before and after notches were made, both with and without sleeves. The ability to assess hardness and the detectability of cracking is discussed.
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Yu, J. "Why nominal cracking strength can be lower for later cracks in strain-hardening cementitious composites with multiple cracking?" In 10th International Conference on Fracture Mechanics of Concrete and Concrete Structures. IA-FraMCoS, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.21012/fc10.234225.

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Cuypers, H. "A stochastic cracking theory for the introduction of matrix multiple cracking in textile reinforced concrete under tensile loading." In ICTRC'2006 - 1st International RILEM Conference on Textile Reinforced Concrete. RILEM Publications SARL, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1617/2351580087.019.

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Rapetti, Abel, Patrick Todeschini, Sofiane Hendili, Frédéric Christien, and Franck Tancret. "A Study of Ductility Dip Cracking of Inconel 690 Welding Filler Metal: Development of a Refusion Cracking Test." In ASME 2017 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2017-65348.

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Inconel® alloy 690 is nowadays commonly used instead of 600 for the manufacturing of certain components of the primary circuit of pressurized water reactor (PWR) nuclear power plants, due to its superior resistance to corrosion and stress corrosion cracking. However 690 alloy, and the corresponding welding filler metals (types 52 and 152), can be sensitive to a solid state hot cracking phenomenon during welding, called “ductility dip cracking” (DDC) associated to grain boundary cracking. This work is undertaken to determine more precisely the thermomechanical conditions of the occurrence of DDC in two types of materials: filler metals 52M and 152. To do this, we designed a simple hot crack susceptibility test. This test is based on multiple welding beads on a cuboidal mockup. This test clearly demonstrates the effect of multiple passes on the occurrence of DDC. In parallel, hot tensile tests following fast heating were performed to determine the DDC temperature range, to try and correlate DDC to the thermomechanical behavior.
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Malyukova, Margarita G., and Sviatoslav A. Timashev. "Remaining Lifetime Assessment of Pipelines With Multiple Cracks Induced by Stress Corrosion Cracking." In ASME 2002 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2002-1339.

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In this paper an algorithm is proposed of assessing the remaining life using the J-integral crack growth criteria for a pipeline with multiple stress corrosion (SC) cracks accounting for their interaction. Numerical examples are given for one, two and five SC cracks.
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Walter, Matthew, and Daniel Sommerville. "Effects of Multiple Parallel Flaws on Crack Opening Area." In ASME 2016 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2016-63616.

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Cracking in boiling water reactor (BWR) core shroud welds has been identified in operating nuclear plants worldwide. The Boiling Water Reactor Vessel and Internals Project (BWRVIP) has published several reports providing inspection and evaluation (I&E) guidance for intergranular stress corrosion cracking (IGSCC) in the core shroud of BWRs. This guidance is predominately focused on evaluating crack stability. Calculating through-wall leakage was not previously a focus of the existing BWRVIP I&E guidelines for the core shroud; however, there is some guidance in the current documentation. In recent years there has been some evidence of through-wall indications in the core shroud where the through-wall indications were aligned in an array of parallel, short, flaws. BWRVIP-158-A contains rules for treating parallel flaws with respect to calculation of structural margin for both net section collapse (limit load) and brittle fracture (linear elastic fracture mechanics (LEFM)) failure modes. There is currently no BWRVIP document or other open literature, to the authors’ knowledge, that provides insight into whether the crack opening displacements (CODs) for an array of parallel through-wall cracks are larger than that calculated for a single through-wall crack. Developing an understanding of the effect of parallel cracks on the CODs and subsequent crack opening areas (COAs) of each crack is important in augmenting the existing guidance on how to appropriately disposition through-wall cracking in reactor internal components. Specifically, it is important to know if multiple parallel cracks can lead to individual COAs that are larger than for a single crack of the same length, in order to perform accurate leakage rate calculations. This paper documents linear-elastic finite element analyses (FEA) performed to study the effect of a parallel crack configuration on the resulting COA for the set of cracks compared to the COA calculated if each crack was treated as an individual crack, without adjacent cracking present. Various separation distances, number of crack cases and crack lengths are considered. While the object of this work is to provide criteria for the evaluation of reactor internals, the results can be applied to evaluate COD and COA in any component for which the cracking configuration and inherent assumptions of LEFM are applicable.
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Li, J. "Modelling the stochastic tensile behavior and multiple cracking of strain-hardening cementitious composites (SHCCs)." In 10th International Conference on Fracture Mechanics of Concrete and Concrete Structures. IA-FraMCoS, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.21012/fc10.233287.

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Maeda, Shintaro, Masakazu Shibahara, Kensaku Nishihara, Hiroyuki Takeda, Tsuyoshi Miwa, Kei Yamazaki, Tomokazu Morimoto, and Ninshu Ma. "Study of Hot Cracking on Automatic Tandem Butt Welding." In ASME 2020 39th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2020-19208.

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Abstract In recent years, ship hulls have become larger. And the welding has become more important technology in ship building. In other word, welding has become more important technology in shipbuilding. In Japanese shipbuilding, multiple electrode butt welding has been performed with large current and high speed to increase construction efficiency. However, the multiple electrode welding method may cause a hot cracking. X-ray or ultra sonic wave inspection and repair welding are necessary due to the generation of hot cracking. These will increase the production cost. Therefore, it is important to prevent hot cracking. It is known that hot cracking is generated by both metallurgical and mechanical factors. The authors propose a new evaluation method of hot cracking based on the modeling of both mechanical and metallurgical behaviors. In the developed method, from the metallurgical point of view, solidification growth direction is determined from the temperature gradient obtained by the heat conduction analysis to predict the position of hot cracking. Moreover, from the mechanical point of view, the possibility of the generation of hot cracking is assessed using plastic strain increment in Brittleness Temperature Range (BTR). In order to show the validity of the developed method, the developed method is applied to the analysis of hot cracking on automatic tandem butt welding through the comparison with experimental results. As a result, it is demonstrated that the hot cracking can be evaluated by using the developed method.
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Shi, Tiansheng, and Christopher K. Y. Leung. "Energy approach for multiple cracking in beams made of quasi-brittle material under pure bending." In 9th International Conference on Fracture Mechanics of Concrete and Concrete Structures. IA-FraMCoS, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.21012/fc9.035.

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Zeng, Lingfu, Chouping Luo, and Lennart G. Jansson. "Integrity Assessment of Mechanical Components Subjected to Mixed Mode Cracking." In 2016 24th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone24-61097.

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This paper addresses a mixed mode driven cracking and its integrity assessment for applications in aging nuclear power piping. Following our earlier discussion on the use of mode-I based criteria in the current R6-method-based practice of integrity assessment, case studies conducted using finite element analysis are conducted and examined: (1) A plate with a single and multiple central crack(s) under tension; (2) A full-scale laboratory test of a straight pipe with an obliquely inserted crack in a dissimilar metal weld. Our results confirm the following earlier observations: For cases when mixed mode loading conditions are significant, (i) the fracture initiation predicted by using J-integral based mixed mode cracking criteria can approximately be achieved by an “effective stress intensity factor” based approach; (ii) it is not conservative to use a purely mode-I based criterion for the evaluation of the fracture failure assessment for typical problems of mixed mode driven cracking; (iii) The effect of multiple cracks can be significant and an assessment by only examining one crack, which is a common practice today, may not be fully conservative.
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