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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Multiple drug resistant tb'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 18 February 2022

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1

Kusimo, Oluremilekun Comfort. "Effect of Model of Care and Comorbidities on Multiple-Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis Treatment in Nigeria." ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/6596.

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Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is a public health problem in several countries such as Angola, India, China, Kenya, and Nigeria. Due to the increasing high burden of MDR-TB, most of these countries do not have adequate capacities to manage MDR-TB patients effectively. This study investigated the effect of model of care; human immunodeficiency virus comorbidity; and demographic factors such as age, gender, and marital status on the treatment outcomes of MDR-TB patients in Nigeria. The study was based on the analysis of secondary data of 402 MDR-TB patients accessed from the data syst

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2

Bistline, Kathryn Lou. "Does the inclusion of the cost and burden of adverse drug reactions associated with drug-resistant TB treatment affect the incremental cost-effectiveness of new treatment regimens? A case study from the introduction of bedaquiline in South Africa National TB Programme." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/28441.

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South Africa has one of the world’s highest burdens of TB, HIV/TB co-infection, and drug-resistant TB. Second-line TB treatment is less effective, more expensive, and more toxic than treatment for drug-sensitive TB. Nearly 1 in every 5 persons who starts treatment for drug-resistant TB in South Africa will die; 1 in every 3 persons who survives treatments experiences permanent, profound hearing loss. For decades there was little progress in TB research, however, and so treatment with old regimens continued despite safety concerns. In 2012 the US and European regulatory authorities approved a n

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3

Singh, Nevadna. "Outcomes of patients undergoing lung resection for drug-resistant TB and the prognostic significance of pre-operative positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) in predicting treatment failure." Master's thesis, Faculty of Health Sciences, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/32982.

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Background: Even with newer and repurposed anti-TB drugs almost a third of patients with XDR-TB have unfavourable outcomes. In patients with localised disease and adequate pulmonary reserve, surgery is an important adjunctive treatment. However, there are no outcome data from TB endemic countries, and the prognostic significance of pre-operative PET-CT findings remains unknown. Objectives: To report outcomes for resectional surgery in our setting, and to study whether PET activity outside of the resection influences treatment outcomes. Methods: A retrospective study of all XDR-TB patients unde

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Rudolph-Claasen, Zerilda Suzette. "Hearing loss amongst DR-TB patients that have received extended high-frequency pure tone audiometry monitoring (KUDUwave) at three DR-TB decentralized sites in Kwazulu Natal." University of the Western Cape, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/6583.

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Magister Public Health - MPH<br>Ototoxic induced hearing loss is a common adverse event related to aminoglycosides used in Multi Drug Resistant -Tuberculosis treatment. Exposure to ototoxic drugs damages the structures of the inner ear. Symptomatic hearing loss presents as tinnitus, decreased hearing, a blocked sensation, difficulty understanding speech, and perception of fluctuating hearing, dizziness and hyperacusis/recruitment. The World Health Organization (1995) indicated that most cases of ototoxic hearing loss globally could be attributed to treatment with aminoglycosides. The aim of t

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Smith, Louise. "Resilience of the partners of long term hospitalised patients with multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extreme drug-resistant (XDR) tuberculosis (TB)." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1020913.

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Patients diagnosed with Multidrug-resistant(MDR) and Extreme drug-resistant (XDR) tuberculosis (TB) have to be hospitalised for a period of six to twelve months, according to the MDR/XDR Policy Guidelines on the treatment of drug-resistant TB – until the patient recovers, and is no longer infectious. There are factors associated with both the patients’ and their partners’ (spouses) resistance to long-term hospitalisation. This has resulted in several acts of violence against the hospital property and members of the health-care team. However, there are a small number of partners who assist the

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Azores, Molovon Jr Pasagui. "Possible Risk Factors for Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis Infection in the Philippines." ScholarWorks, 2017. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/3551.

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Multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the Philippines. The purpose of this study was to gain knowledge about the relationship between potential risk factors and MDR-TB. Risk factors (the independent variables) for MDR-TB (the dependent variable) include previous TB treatment, infection with HIV, exposure to patients with drug-susceptible TB/MDR-TB, delays in diagnosis and treatment, employment status, smoking, imprisonment, alcohol abuse, and poor compliance with TB treatment regimens. The study was based on the epidemiological

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7

Stoffels, Karolien. "Contribution to the research on drug resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209194.

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Tuberculosis (TB) is a potentially fatal contagious disease that can affect almost any part of the body but is mainly an infection of the lungs. It is caused by micro-organisms of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex. It is the second greatest killer worldwide due to a single infectious agent, after the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). Without treatment, fatality is 50% in immune competent persons. TB remains the leading cause of death among HIV positive persons, causing one fifth of the deaths. The World Health Organization estimates that one third of the world population is infected by

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8

Mutlu, Pelin. "Differential Gene Expression Analysis In Drug Resistant Multiple Myeloma Cell Lines." Phd thesis, METU, 2009. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/3/12610970/index.pdf.

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The emergence of drug-resistance of tumor cells is a major complication for succesful chemotherapy. In this study, the molecular mechanisms of resistance to prednisone, vincristine and melphalan in multiple myeloma cell lines, RPMI-8226 and U-266 were investigated. Drug resistance was induced by application of the drugs by stepwise dose increments and confirmed by XTT cytotoxicity assay. Gene expression analysis demostrated that MDR1 gene is one of the most important factor causing the multidrug resistance phenotype in prednisone, vincristine and melphalan resistant multiple myeloma cell line

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9

Issa, Mark E., E. M. K. Wijeratne, A. A. L. Gunatilaka, and Muriel Cuendet. "Withanolide D Exhibits Similar Cytostatic Effect in Drug-Resistant and Drug-Sensitive Multiple Myeloma Cells." FRONTIERS MEDIA SA, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/625811.

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In spite of recent therapeutic advances, multiple myeloma (MM) remains a malignancy with very low curability. This has been partly attributed to the existence of a drug-resistant subpopulation known as cancer stem cells (CSCs). MM-CSCs are equipped with the necessary tools that render them highly resistant to virtually all conventional therapies. In this study, the growth inhibitory effects of withanolide D (WND), a steroidal lactone isolated from Withania somnifera, on drug-sensitive tumoral plasma cells and drug-resistant MM cells have been investigated. In MTT/XTT assays, WND exhibited simi

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10

Rudolph-Claasen, Zerilda. "Hearing loss amongst dr-tb patients that received extended high frequency pure tone audiometry monitoring (kuduwave) at three dr-tb decentralized sites in Kwazulu-Natal." University of the Western Cape, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/6721.

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Doctor Educationis<br>Ototoxic induced hearing loss is a common adverse event related to aminoglycosides used in Multi Drug Resistant -Tuberculosis treatment. Exposure to ototoxic drugs damages the structures of the inner ear. Symptomatic hearing loss presents as tinnitus, decreased hearing, a blocked sensation, difficulty understanding speech, and perception of fluctuating hearing, dizziness and hyperacusis/recruitment. The World Health Organization (1995) indicated that most cases of ototoxic hearing loss globally could be attributed to treatment with aminoglycosides. The aim of the st

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11

Stenhouse, Lindsay Joanne. "Characterisation of anthelmintic resistance in a multiple drug resistant Teladorsagia circumcinta isolate." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2007. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/4251/.

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The purpose of this study was to undertake detailed molecular and phenotypic characterisation of a MDR isolate of T. circumcincta (MTci5) with particular focus upon the mechanisms underlying benzimidazole (BZ) resistance. MTci5 was isolated from a farm in Central Scotland, which employed a suppressive anthelmintic dosing regime and was closed in 2002 when control of the parasite population became unsustainable. Underpinning all of the experiments in this study was an anthelmintic selection process whereby the MTci5 isolate was pressured individually with three broad-spectrum anthelmintics (b

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Nhokwara, Primrose Tinashe. "Factors that influence the utilisation of ototoxicity monitoring services for patients on treatment for drug-resistant tuberculosis." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/15683.

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Multi-drug resistance is increasingly becoming a challenge to tuberculosis control programmes globally. Treatment of multi-drug resistance tuberculosis (MDR-TB) includes aminoglycoside antibiotics which are known to cause hearing loss. Ototoxicity monitoring services are often provided to patients undergoing treatment for MDR-TB for early detection of ototoxic hearing loss to facilitate alerting the patients and relevant medical staff about the presence and progression of any hearing loss. Previously, models of managing patients with MDR-TB required mandatory hospitalization for at least 6 mon

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Vallie, Razia. "Assessing and comparing the effectiveness of treatment for multidrug resistant tuberculosis between specialized TB hospital in-patient and general outpatient clinic settings within the Western Cape Province, South Africa." University of the Western Cape, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/5600.

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Magister Public Health - MPH<br>Background: Multidrug resistant tuberculosis (MDR TB) is a growing threat globally. The large increase in the incidence and prevalence of MDR TB in South Africa in recent years has impacted on the way in which MDR TB is managed within the health services. It became logistically difficult to manage MDR TB by treating all patients as in-patients in a specialized tuberculosis (TB) hospital. The clinics, which are run by nurses and/or general medical officers, are then required to manage this more complex form of TB, with limited resources, less experience an

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Firfirey, Nousheena. "Occupational adaptation : the experiences of adult patients with MDR- TB who undergo long- term hospitalisation." University of the Western Cape, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/5300.

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Magister Scientiae (Occupational Therapy) - MSc(OT)<br>TB is a multi- faceted public health problem spurred on by the biological progression of the disease as well as the social issues associated with it. The treatment of TB is however primarily driven by the medical model where the focus is on the disease and not on a holistic view of the patient. Occupational therapy is a profession concerned with the use of occupation in the promotion of health and well being through the facilitation of the process of occupational adaptation. There is however a paucity of literature pertaining to the

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Mkhontfo, Mandzisi Mbongeni. "An Examination of The Distribution of Diabetes Mellitus Among TB Patients with Pulmonary Tuberculosis and Drug Resistant Tuberculosis In The State Of Florida, USA." Scholar Commons, 2016. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/6325.

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Background: Pulmonary Tuberculosis (PTB) is considered a disease of the past but it remains a major cause of mortality among immune compromised patients and continues to be a significant threat to public health globally. Notably, the prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) has increased over the years. The biological link of TB and DM has been reported in numerous literature with DM attributed to three folds increase in the risk of TB and linked to Drug Resistant TB, especially amongst aged diabetic patients. The aim of the study was to examine the distribution of DM among TB patients and explore

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Te, Riele Julian Bernard. "The relationship between chest X-ray findings, bacterial load and treatment-related outcomes in persons with extensively drug resistant TB." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/13289.

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Includes bibliographical references.<br>Multi-drug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) was first recognized in the 1990s with an increase in caseload of eighty-two percent between 2000 and 2007. Extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB), a more difficult and more expensive form of TB to treat with poorer outcomes, emerged in South Africa in 2006. The prevalence of XDR-TB is likely to be underestimated in South Africa as a result of incomplete detection and notification. In peri-urban areas like Khayelitsha where there are high rates of HIV, TB and poverty, the prevalence of MDR-TB is estima

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17

Pule, Caroline. "Defining the role of efflux pump inhibitors on anti-TB drugs in Rifampicin resistant clinical Mycobacterium Tuberculosis isolates." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/86758.

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Thesis (MScMedSc)--Stellenbosch University, 2014.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Central dogma suggests that mutations in target genes is the primary cause of resistance to first and second-line anti-TB drugs in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. However, it was previously reported that approximately 5% of Rifampicin mono-resistant clinical M. tuberculosis did not harbor mutations in the rpoB gene. The present study hypothesized that active efflux plays a contributory role in the level of intrinsic resistance to different anti-TB drugs (Isoniazid, Ethionamide, Pyrazinamide, Ethambutol, Ofloxacin, Moxifloxacin,

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Njuguna, Christine Wanjiku. "Baseline prevalence and incidence and risk factors for new-onset drug induced hearing loss in adults receiving drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) treatment in Khayelitsha, South Africa." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/10625.

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Includes bibliographical references.<br>Treatment for drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) is longer and associated with more significant side-effects than drug susceptible TB. Second line injectable therapy using kanamycin, amikacin or capreomycin is associated with irreversible hearing loss. There is a scarcity of literature regarding the frequency of hearing loss as well as associated risk factors, particularly with long term use. This study aimed to determine the incidence and risk factors for hearing loss among patients receiving second line injectable drugs.

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Firfirey, Nousheena. "The evaluation of the integrated client-centred intervention programme (ICIP) for clients with MDR-TB at DP Marais Hospital in the Western Cape." University of Western Cape, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/7687.

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Philosophiae Doctor - PhD<br>Although TB is a curable communicable disease, poor adherence to TB treatment is a major barrier to TB control in South Africa as it increases the risks of morbidity, mortality and drug resistance at individual and community level. As a result, multi-drug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) has become a serious public health issue. Underpinning this study was the assumption that a client-centred approach to treatment of MDR-TB clients, with a hospital programme which adopts an integrated multidisciplinary approach that is client-centred and is not purely biomedically driven

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Pietersen, Gerbrecht Elizabeth. "Molecular epidemiology, susceptibility profiles, outcomes and transmission dynamics in patients with extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB) in two provinces of South Africa." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/24499.

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Background: Recent gains in TB control in South Africa are being reversed by drug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB and XDR-TB), which has a high mortality, is a threat to health care workers, and is prohibitively costly to treat. MDR-TB has been supplanted by XDR-TB, resistance beyond XDR-TB, and programmatically incurable TB. Short-term treatment-related outcomes of XDR-TB patients are known to be poor. However, there are no prospective data to inform longterm treatment-related outcomes, design of effective XDR-TB treatment regimens, and public health interventions required to interrupt transmi

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Oprica, Cristina. "Characterisation of antibiotic-resistant Propionibacterium acnes from acne vulgaris and other diseases /." Stockholm, 2006. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2006/91-7140-755-3/.

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Tinzi, Siphokuhle. "Exploration of experiences of patients with the adverse-drug effects of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis treatment in a primary health care facility in the Western Cape." University of the Western Cape, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/5660.

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Magister Curationis - MCur<br>Multidrug resistant TB (MDR-TB) is a form of TB caused by bacteria (germs) that are resistant to the usual drugs that are used to treat "normal" TB. The duration of treatment for MDR-TB is a maximum of 22 months. People with MDR-TB are treated in specialized tertiary hospitals and in out-patient clinics in the PHC facilities. The treatment includes a six months injectable phase with a wide range of TB drugs. The adverse effects of MDR-TB drugs are among the worst side effects ever reported by patients. The aim of the current study was to explore the experiences of

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Greeff, Wildine Marion. "Ototoxicity Monitoring using Automated Extended High-Frequency Audiometry and the Sensitive Range of Ototoxicity in Patients with MDR-TB." Master's thesis, Faculty of Health Sciences, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/32696.

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Background: Disabling hearing loss is a global burden. This burden is worsened by the emergence of multi-drug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB). Some of the medications used to treat MDR-TB are damaging to the cochlea and auditory nerve (ototoxic) and can lead to permanent hearing loss and/or balance disorders. Ototoxicity monitoring aims to reduce this burden by preventing or minimising the damage caused by ototoxic treatment as it can progress and worsen speech perception difficulties. However, the proposed test battery for ototoxicity monitoring is lengthy and demands active participation whi

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Jikijela, Olwethu. "Clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes of multi-drug resistant tuberculosis patients attending a hospital in Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality, Eastern Cape." University of the Western Cape, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/6423.

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Magister Public Health - MPH (Public Health)<br>The presence of highly effective medicines has made very little impact in reducing deaths as a result of tuberculosis (TB), a curable condition but when managed inappropriately, may result in Drug Resistant TB. TB accounts for about one in four deaths that occur in HIV positive people and HIV has been found to be a risk factor for complex unfavorable outcomes in MDR TB patients and a very strong predictor for death and default. The relationship between diabetes and TB has also been explored, with some authors identifying diabetes as a risk f

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Willemse, Danicke. "Regulation of efflux in rifampicin resistant mutants of Mycobacterium tuberculosis." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/79820.

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Thesis (MScMedSc)--Stellenbosch University, 2013.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Multidrug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB), defined as having resistance to at least the first-line drugs, isoniazid and rifampicin (RIF), is a global health problem. Mutations in the rpoB gene, encoding the β-subunit of RNA polymerase, are implicated in RIF resistance - with the S531L and H526Y mutations occurring most frequently. The level of RIF resistance varies for strains with identical rpoB mutations, which suggests that other factors play a role in RIF resistance. Efflux has been implicated in determining the intrins

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Jönsson, Videsäter Kerstin. "Expression of multidrug resistance genes and proteins and effect of selenite in anthracycline-resistant human tumor cell lines /." Stockholm, 2004. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2004/91-7349-889-0/.

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Maku, Vyambwera Sibaliwe. "Mathematical modeling of TB disease dynamics in a crowded population." University of the Western Cape, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/7357.

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Philosophiae Doctor - PhD<br>Tuberculosis is a bacterial infection which is a major cause of death worldwide. TB is a curable disease, however the bacterium can become resistant to the first line treatment against the disease. This leads to a disease called drug resistant TB that is difficult and expensive to treat. It is well-known that TB disease thrives in communities in overcrowded environments with poor ventilation, weak nutrition, inadequate or inaccessible medical care, etc, such as in some prisons or some refugee camps. In particular, the World Health Organization discovered that

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Giyose, Patela. "Strategies used to implement the national guidelines on preventing and early management of multi-drug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) at the buffalo city municipality clinics in East London Eastern Cape province." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/1297.

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The purpose of the study was to explore and describe the strategies used by nurses to implement the national treatment guidelines to prevent, detect and manage multi-drug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) patients. Tuberculosis remains one of the leading infectious diseases and the major cause of death worldwide with estimates of 9.2 million new TB cases in 2008 and 1.7 deaths including 200 000 in clients co-infected with HIV. South Africa is currently ranked 3rd among the 22 high TB burden countries in the world. The HIV/AIDS epidemic contributes significantly to the upward trend in TB morbidit

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Ngwane, Andile Happyboy. "Elucidation of the mode of action of a furanone based antituberculosis compound." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/71976.

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Thesis (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 2012.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The prevalence of multi-drug resistant (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) Mycobacterium tuberculosis has been increasing to alarming levels globally. This has been exacerbated by tuberculosis (TB) co-infection with HIV where the epidemic is endemic. South Africa as a developing country is hit hard by TB and efforts to develop TB drugs that are compatible with anti-retroviral medication and also effective against MDR/XDR, could help shorten the treatment duration of the current TB treatment regimens. This thesis pres

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Locke, Tiffany. "Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus Aureus in Canadian Hospitals from 1995 to 2007: A Comparison of Adult and Pediatric Inpatients." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/26110.

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The literature directly comparing the epidemiology of MRSA among adult and pediatric hospitalized patients is strikingly minimal. The objective of this thesis was to identify any differences between these two patient groups. The Canadian Nosocomial Infections Surveillance Program MRSA data (1995 to 2007: n=1,262 pediatric and 35,907 adult cases) were used to compare MRSA clinical and molecular characteristics and rates. Hospital characteristics were modeled using repeated measures Poisson regressions. The molecular and epidemiological characteristics of MRSA differed significantly between adu

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Kavallieratos, Angela. "Hearing function in adults with Multiple Drug Resistant-TB : a retrospective review." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/11880.

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KwaZulu-Natal has been ranked as having the fourth highest incidence of transmitted Multiple Drug Resistant-Tuberculosis (MDR-TB) in sub-Saharan Africa. Substantial literature exists indicating the permanent damage that MDR-TB medication has on hearing abilities. The purpose of this study was to describe the hearing function of adults on long term MDR-TB treatment from Murchison Hospital MDR-TB unit in the Ugu District in rural KwaZulu-Natal. The primary aim of the study was to review the possible changes in hearing function in a group of adults on long-term treatment for MDR-TB. Secondly, the

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August, Keith. "HIV/AIDS, migrant labour and the experience of God : a practical theological postfoundationalist approach." Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/26862.

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Migrant workers in the Deciduous Fruit Industry are part of the marginalised communities in South Africa. They are often voiceless in the communities they find themselves. They are historically displaced, often prone to xenophobia and very vulnerable in terms of HIV. Not only do they have a high infection rate but they also struggle in isolation to carry the burden of HIV and AIDS affection or infection. They will face double jeopardy when a partner becomes ill, in the homeland and they have to continue with employment. The main aim of this research was to reach a holistic understanding throug

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Moniruzzaman, Akm. "Risk factors for drug resistant TB in British Columbia." Thesis, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/15765.

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Objectives: A) To investigate the epidemiological risk factors associated with resistance to antituberculosis drugs in British Columbia B) To determine if there are differences in risk factor characteristics among different categories of drug resistant (mono-drug, poly and multi-drug resistance) TB cases. Methods: The study was carried out in two phases. The first phase of the study was retrospective in design. The data examined in this study was collected by the division of TB control of British Columbia and was obtained from retrospective review of charts, prescriptions, files of the T

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Ramtahal, Melissa Afton. "Spread of multi drug resistant tuberculosis (MDR) including extensively drug resistant turberculosis (XDR TB), in rural KwaZulu-Natal." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/6294.

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Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) is an airborne pathogen that is easily transmitted from person to person. An intact immune system prevents the organism from causing disease in most individuals. In South Africa, the prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has reached astronomical levels and is now fuelling the tuberculosis (TB) epidemic. Drug resistant MTB strains combined with a weakened host immune system is a lethal combination. Multi-drug resistant (MDR) including extensively drug resistant (XDR) tuberculosis is on the increase, with Tugela Ferry in KwaZulu-Natal South Africa, rep

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Isherwood, Lynsey Elizabeth. "The evaluation of rapid screening of M/XDR-TB patients within a dedicated M/XDR-TB hospital in Gauteng, South Africa." Thesis, 2014.

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Background In 2006, South Africa documented its first outbreak of extensively drug-resistant (XDR-TB) in Tugela Ferry, Kwa-Zulu Natal. Delayed diagnosis of XDR-TB increases mortality, emphasizing the need or rapid diagnostics. The MTBDRsl assay rapidly identifies resistance to fluoroquinolones (FLQ) and aminoglycosides/capreomycin (AG/CP). Hospitalization provides the ideal opportunity for nosocomial infections of TB, including M/XDR-TB, with its associated morbidity and mortality. Occupational exposures amongst healthcare workers are also of concern. Rapid knowledge of second-line resistance

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Likibi, Mupata Lelwi. "Profile of multi drug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) patients at Sizwe Hospital: 2001-2002." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/11419.

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M.P.H., Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 2011<br>Background: In Gauteng Province, South Africa, Sizwe Tropical Hospital (STH) is the designated centre for the specialized management of MDR-TB. But during the period covered by this study (2001-2002), all cases of TB (MDR-TB and NMDR-TB) were treated at STH. This was not according to the prescript of the National guidelines. This study describes the socio-demographic, treatment profile and treatment outcomes of MDR-TB patients seen and treated at STH during 2001 and 2002. Method: This was a cross sectional study invo

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Chang, Kai-Ming, and 張開明. "The molecular epidemiology, resistant mechanism and environment control of multiple drug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/03895117176036811177.

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博士<br>國立中興大學<br>生命科學系所<br>100<br>Acinetobacter baumannii is one of the most common pathogens causing nosocomial infection in recent decades. Increasing trends in multiple drug resistance and its rapid spread in hospitals have caused a serious impact on the treatment for A. baumannii nosocomial infections. Therefore, it is very important to study the molecular epidemiology of A.baumannii, including the outbreak of multiple drug resistant A.baumannii, the transfer and spread of drug resistant genes, and the control of multiple drug resistant A.baumannii. Nowadays pulsed-field gel electrophoresis

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Maitisa, Norah. "Drug resistant tuberculosis treatment outcomes at an urban ambulatory TB Unit in the City of Johannesburg." Thesis, 2018. https://hdl.handle.net/10539/25368.

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A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of Master of Science in the field of Infectious Disease Epidemiology. June 2018.<br>Background: Treatment of Drug Resistant Tuberculosis has historically been centralised and this model of care has posed challenges in management of such patients. Prolonged time to treatment and potential risk for continued community and nosocomial transmissions, capacity at these sites and availability of human resources to treat the increasing numbers of DRTB patients has been among those challenges. WHO set out to improve all DRTB outcomes especially in countr

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Min-Yueh and 楊敏岳. "Risk factors of multiple drug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii in MICU patients." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/85148537386393195296.

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碩士<br>中山醫學大學<br>醫學研究所<br>96<br>Background and Objective : The drug resistant rate of Acinetobacter baumannii (AB) have been constantly increased due to the abuse of antimicrobials in Taiwan. In 2006, the National Health Research Institute (NHRI) reported a surveillance in the fifth edition of Taiwan Surveillance of Antimicrobial Resistance (TSAR V) that Carbapenem resistant have progressively increased in nosocomial infection of AB bacilli. It reported that the resistant rate of A. baumannii in 2002 was 3%，in 2004 it increased to 16%，and until 2006 the rate is going up to 32%. Materials and Me

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Hung, Tsai Hsien, and 洪再賢. "Investigation of the relationship between Wnt pathway and drug resistance in multiple drug resistant cancer cells." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/21673225418358919723.

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Mpanyane, Disego Mmatau. "The detection of drug resistant mutations in mycobacterium tuberculosis strains using anyplex MTB/NTM/MDR-TB plus assay in Limpopo Province." Thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/1635.

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Thesis (MSc. (Medical Sciences)) -- University of Limpopo, 2015<br>Introduction: Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) caused by resistance to at least rifampicin (RIF) and isoniazid (INH) drugs is a growing public health concern in South Africa. The detection of MDR-TB still relies on culture despite advancement in molecular diagnostic technology. Currently MTBDRplus and GeneXpert are the only available assays used in rapid diagnosis of MDR-TB using chromosomal mutations in drug target regions. Some strains are missed by these assays due to their limitation in mutational detection profile

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Wu, Li-Ting, and 吳莉婷. "Study of plasmids in multiple drug resistant bacteria isolated from rivers in Taichung." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/6yyg6k.

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碩士<br>國立中興大學<br>生命科學院碩士在職專班<br>106<br>The drug resistant bacteria in the environment highly threaten human health. Currently, the river’s ecosystem evaluation method does not contain bacterial drug resistance testing. Therefore, we are not familiar with the drug resistance bacteria in the water environment. This study is based on samples from 13 different areas from the rivers in Taichung including Liuchuan Canal, Luchuan Canal, Meichuan Canal, Mayuanton River, and Hanxi River, to isolate and identify multidrug resistance bacterial strain including Aeromonas caviae, Aeromonas hydrophila, Aerom

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Odendaal, Ronel. "Epidemiological impact of HIV on second - line drug resistance in patients with multidrug resistant tuberculosis in high HIV prevalent settings in South Africa." Diss., 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/43209.

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Wang, Zongxing. "Ciliary micropillar fluidic chip capture exosomes for drug resistant cells’ response to nanoparticle therapy test." Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/23302.

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In this dissertation, an exosome capturing ciliary micropillar array microfluidics is introduced and applied to evaluate the response of resistant cancer cells under nanoparticle encapsulated chemotherapy. Cancer cells are able to develop different mechanisms to resist therapeutic treatment, frequently causing chemotherapy failure. Active drug expulsion is one of the usual resisting schemes to reduce intracellular drug accumulation to a non-effective level. Evidence has suggested a potential exosomal pathway is used by multi-drug resistant (MDR) cancer cells to expel drugs. Here I study the ex

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Mengistu, Kenea Wakjira. "Treatment outcomes of patients with MDR-TB and its determinants at referral hospitals in Ethiopia." Thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/26003.

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Text in English<br>Aim: The aims of this study were to investigate the treatment outcomes of patients with MDRTB and its determinants at referral hospitals in Ethiopia. The study also aims to develop a conceptual model for enhancing treatment of patients with MDR-TB in Ethiopia. Design and methods: A concurrent mixed methods design with quantitative dominance was used to investigate treatment outcomes of patients with MDR-TB and its determinants. Results: A total of 136 (n=136) patients with MDR-TB participated in the study, 74 (54%) were male and 62 (46%) were female. Forty-one (31%) of

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CHANG, TIEN-YAO, and 張天耀. "Investigating the regulatory mechanism of efflux pump and antibacterial activity of silver nanoparticles for multiple drug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/8a4qwn.

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博士<br>國防醫學院<br>醫學科學研究所<br>105<br>Part 1 Acinetobacter baumannii is an increasing threat of nosocomial infections in recent years, especially the emergence of multi-drug resistant strains (multi-drug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii; MDRAB). Infections caused by multi-drug resistant A. baumannii could cause longer hospital stay and higher treatment costs. Tigecycline, a board-spectrum tetracycline derivative, is considered as the last antibiotic choice for the MDRAB. However, resistance to Tigecycline was reported following the drug usage worldwide. These resistances are mainly associated with

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Arjun, Sitha Devi. "Experiences of the mobile injection team for multi drug resistant-tuberculosis patients in Ugu District, KwaZulu-Natal." Thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/21046.

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The purpose of the study was to investigate and describe the experiences of a mobile injection team for multi drug resistant-tuberculosis outpatients, and to design and recommend a mobile injection team guideline based on the experiences of the team members in Ugu District, KwaZulu-Natal and to indicate the support that the MIT require. Phenomenological research was conducted. Convenient census sampling was used as all the seven members of the Ugu District mobile injection team were included. The inclusion criteria was at least six months’ working experience with MDR-TB patients in a mobile in

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"Effect of antisense oligonucleotide against glucose transporter on human hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 and its multi-drug resistant R-HepG2 cells." 2001. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5890822.

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Lam Mei Wah.<br>Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2001.<br>Includes bibliographical references (leaves 172-181).<br>Abstracts in English and Chinese.<br>Abstract --- p.i<br>論文撮要 --- p.iv<br>Acknowledgement --- p.vii<br>Table of contents --- p.viii<br>List of tables --- p.xi<br>List of figures --- p.xii<br>Abbreviations --- p.xvii<br>Chapter Chapter 1: --- Introduction --- p.1<br>Chapter 1.1 --- The facilitative glucose transporter family --- p.2<br>Chapter 1.2 --- Overexpression of glucose transporters in tumor cells --- p.5<br>Chapter 1.3 --- Antisense strategy ---

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"The anti-tumor activities of steroid saponin HK18 on human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line HepG2 and multidrug resistant human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line R-HepG2 and its action mechanisms." 2002. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5891176.

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by Cheung Yuen-Nei.<br>Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2002.<br>Includes bibliographical references (leaves 194-208).<br>Abstracts in English and Chinese.<br>Acknowledgement --- p.i<br>Abstract --- p.ii<br>摘要 --- p.iv<br>Contents --- p.vi<br>List of Figures --- p.xii<br>List of Tables --- p.xv<br>Abbreviations --- p.xvi<br>Chapter Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1<br>Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.2<br>Chapter 1.1 --- Characteristic of Saponins --- p.3<br>Chapter 1.1.1 --- Occurrence of Saponins --- p.3<br>Chapter 1.1.2 --- General Properties of Saponins --- p

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Ramatlhape, Lerato Lisbeth Njaki. "The assessment of multiple antibiotic resistant enterococci in communal and commercial cattle faecal samples and their water sources in Mafikeng, North-West Province, RSA / Lerato Lisbeth Njaki Ramatlhape." Thesis, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/11221.

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Enterococcus species are found in faeces of mammals, birds, insects, reptiles, but also soil, plants and water. These bacteria can also be isolated from animal products such as milk, cheese and meat. This study was aimed at isolating Enterococcus species from communal and commercial cattle faecal and water samples. A further objective was to determine the antibiotic resistance profiles of the isolates as well as some of the potential factors and mechanisms that could be responsible for their resistance to antibiotics. A total of 79 cattle faecal and water samples were collected from the commun

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