Academic literature on the topic 'Multiple European countries'
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Journal articles on the topic "Multiple European countries"
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Kovalčík, M. "Profitability and competitiveness of forestry in European countries." Journal of Forest Science 57, No. 9 (2011): 369–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/138/2010-jfs.
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Competitiveness of the forest sector is a necessary prerequisite for the multiple benefits that sustainable forestry provides to society. There is no universal indicator of competitiveness. GDP of the forestry and contribution of forestry to the GDP could be suitable indicators for the forest sector. Competitiveness of forestry may be evaluated by gross and net value added and by the entrepreneurial income as well. The aim of this paper was to compare the competitiveness of forestry in selected European countries based on the results of Economic Accounts for Forestry. On the basis of provided analyses it can be stated: there are great differences in profitability and competitiveness among the particular countries and between the indicators per employee and hectare of forest as well. The state of economy as well as the region has a statistically significant influence on profitability.
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Pereira Coutinho, José, and Sarah Wilkins-Laflamme. "Youth Religiosity in Catholic European Countries." Journal of Religion in Europe 16, no. 3 (2023): 316–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18748929-bja10087.
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Abstract This article compares youth religiosity in each Catholic European country (CEC) in two perspectives: with the rest of the population (35+) and among youth over time. Based on EVS (European Values Study) and ISSP (International Social Survey Programme), data comparisons are also made between CEC s, as well as between and within European regions. Three dimensions of religiosity are examined: community, belief, and practice. Results confirm that in general youth religiosity is lower than among the older age group and decreases over time with some exceptions. Results also confirm the theories of cohort replacement and of multiple secularizations.
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Stankovic, Jelena J., Ivana Marjanovic, Sasa Drezgic, and Zarko Popovic. "The Digital Competitiveness of European Countries: A Multiple-Criteria Approach." Journal of Competitiveness 13, no. 2 (2021): 117–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.7441/joc.2021.02.07.
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High-quality digital infrastructure is the basis of almost every sector of a modern and innovative economy and society. As a part of the overall competitiveness concept, digital competitiveness is a multidimensional structure that encompasses various factors of the process of digital transformation through the ability of learning and application of new technologies, technology factors that enable digital transformation, and digital readiness factors that assess the preparedness of an economy and citizens to assume digital transformation. The paper aims to propose a methodology for measuring digital competitiveness using a composite index approach including a variety of various indicators. To assess the digital competitiveness of European countries, a multi-criteria analysis was applied in a two-stage procedure integrating CRITIC and TOPSIS as weighting and aggregation methods. The sample includes thirty European countries and the research is based on thirteen indicators provided in the database Eurostat Digital Economy and Society. In addition, a ranking of sample countries according to digital competitiveness is presented. Finally, a cluster analysis was conducted to examine relations between digital competitiveness and several economic performances such as GDP pc, labour productivity and employment rates. The results indicate that Nordic countries have achieved the highest digital competitiveness, while most Eastern European countries still lag behind.
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Čičak, Krešimir, and Petar Sorić. "The Interrelationship of FDI and GDP in European Transition Countries." International Journal of Management Science and Business Administration 1, no. 4 (2015): 41–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.18775/ijmsba.1849-5664-5419.2014.14.1003.
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Theory states that the foreign direct investments (FDI) have multiple positive effects on a country’s economy. Evidence can be sought from Central and Eastern European countries where FDI is seen as one of the main contributors to GDP growth. This paper examines the relationship between FDI and GDP growth rate in Croatia and other chosen European transition countries using bivariate VAR models. Based on the research conducted, it was found that FDI Granger causes GDP growth in most countries. This is especially true in Poland, Czech Republic and Hungary which have attracted a significant amount of FDI starting from 1990. The estimated VAR models for Latvia and Slovenia provide evidence that GDP causes FDI, corroborating the theory that investor are prone to stable macroeconomic conditions. This paper tries to make a comparative analysis of FDI-GDP link in New EU member states. Further research should certainly include other aspects such as the quality of the legislative system, labor productivity and labor costs, access to capital markets, etc.
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Cabecinhas, Mónica, Pedro Domingues, Paulo Sampaio, et al. "Integrated management systems diffusion models in South European countries." International Journal of Quality & Reliability Management 35, no. 10 (2018): 2289–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijqrm-03-2017-0044.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to dissect the diffusion of the number of organizations that implemented multiple management systems (MSs), considering the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 9001, ISO 14001 and OHSAS 18001 standards (quality, environment and safety) in the South European countries: Italy, Portugal and Spain. In addition, based on the data collected, forecasting models were developed to assess at which extent the multiple certifications are expected to occur in each studied country. Design/methodology/approach Data concerning the evolution of the amount of multiple MSs in Italy, Portugal and Spain were collected for the period between 1999 and 2015. The behavior of the evolution of the number of MSs over the years was studied adopting both the Gompertz and the Logistic models. The results obtained with these two models were compared and analyzed to provide a forecast for the next years. Findings The diffusion throughout the years of the number of MSs presents an S-shaped behavior. The evolution of the amount of MSs in countries with a lower saturation level are properly fitted by the Gompertz model whereas the Logistic model fits more accurately when considering countries with a larger saturation level. Research limitations/implications The data related to the early years are not available in some of the countries. To overcome this shortcoming missing data were extrapolated from the data set provided by the annual ISO survey. Additionally, the integration level attained by each company was not assessed and, on this regard and in the scope of this paper, an integrated management system is understood as implemented when organizations have multiple MSs implemented. Practical implications The results provide a cross-sectional portrayal of the diffusion of MSs certifications in the South European countries and enable a forecast for the trend in the next years. Originality/value This study aims for the first time, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, to analyze the diffusion of multiple MSs throughout the years.
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Mejlgaard, Niels. "Science’s disparate responsibilities: Patterns across European countries." Public Understanding of Science 27, no. 3 (2017): 262–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0963662517724645.
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It is a distinctive feature of European science policy that science is expected to meet economic and broader societal objectives simultaneously. Science should be governed democratically and take significant responsibilities towards the economy, the political system and civil society, but the coherency of these multiple claims is underexplored. Using metrics that emerge from both quantitative and qualitative studies, we examine the interrelatedness of different responsibilities at the level of countries. A total of 33 European Union member states and associated countries are included in the analysis. We find no trade-off between economic and broader societal contributions. Europe is, however, characterised by major divisions in terms of the location of science in society. There is a significant East–West divide, and Europe appears to be far from accomplishing an integrated European Research Area.
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James, Lisa M., and Apostolos P. Georgopoulos. "Immunogenetic Epidemiology of Multiple Sclerosis in 14 Continental Western European Countries." Journal of Immunological Sciences 5, no. 2 (2021): 40–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.29245/2578-3009/2021/2.1216.
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Human leukocyte antigen (HLA), a system involved in immune response to foreign antigens and in autoimmunity, has been strongly implicated in multiple sclerosis (MS). Prior research has shown that HLA DRB1*15:01 exerts the strongest susceptibility effect, although other HLA alleles have been implicated in both susceptibility to, and protection against, MS. Here we utilized an immunogenetic epidemiological approach to evaluate correlations between the population frequencies of 127 HLA Class I and II alleles and the population prevalence of MS in 14 Continental Western European countries to identify an HLA profile for MS. The results of these analyses, which largely corroborated prior findings and revealed several novel and highly robust HLA associations with MS, revealed a larger number of protective HLA alleles than susceptibility alleles, particularly for HLA Class I. Given the role of HLA in pathogen elimination and autoimmunity, these findings point to a contributory role of exposure to pathogens in the absence of protective HLA in underlying the inflammation and autoimmunity associated with MS.
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Goerzig, A., and S. Livingstone. "Adolescents multiple risk behaviours on the Internet across 25 European countries." Neuropsychiatrie de l'Enfance et de l'Adolescence 60, no. 5 (2012): S148. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neurenf.2012.04.150.
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Fonda, Federico, Alessandro Galazzi, Stefania Chiappinotto, et al. "Healthcare System Digital Transformation across Four European Countries: A Multiple-Case Study." Healthcare 12, no. 1 (2023): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare12010016.
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Digitization has become involved in every aspect of life, including the healthcare sector with its healthcare professionals (HCPs), citizens (patients and their families), and services. This complex process is supported by policies: however, to date, no policy analysis on healthcare digitalization has been conducted in European countries to identify the main goals of digital transformation and its practical implementation. This research aimed to describe and compare the digital health policies across four European countries; namely, their priorities, their implementation in practice, and the digital competencies expected by HCPs. A multiple-case study was performed. Participants were the members of the Digital EducationaL programme invoLVing hEalth profEssionals (DELIVER), a project funded by the European Union under the Erasmus+ programme, involving three countries (Denmark, Italy, and Slovenia) and one autonomous region (Catalonia—Spain). Data were collected using two approaches: (a) a written interview with open-ended questions involving the members of the DELIVER project as key informants; and (b) a policy-document analysis. Interviews were analysed using the textual narrative synthesis and the word cloud policy analysis was conducted according to the Ready, Extract, Analyse and Distil approach. Results showed that all countries had established recent policies at the national level to address the development of digital health and specific governmental bodies were addressing the implementation of the digital transformation with specific ramifications at the regional and local levels. The words “health” and “care” characterized the policy documents of Denmark and Italy (309 and 56 times, 114 and 24 times, respectively), while “development” and “digital” (497 and 478 times, respectively) were common in the Slovenia document. The most used words in the Catalonia policy document were “data” and “system” (570 and 523 times, respectively). The HCP competencies expected are not clearly delineated among countries, and there is no formal plan for their development at the undergraduate, postgraduate, and continuing educational levels. Mutual understanding and exchange of good practices between countries may facilitate the digitalization processes; moreover, concrete actions in the context of HCP migration across Europe for employment purposes, as well as in the context of citizens’ migration for healthcare-seeking purposes are needed to consider the differences emerged across the countries.
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Pepić, Marina, Srđan Marinković, Ognjen Radović, and Marko Malović. "Determinants of Currency Substitution in Southeast European Countries." Economic Themes 53, no. 2 (2015): 162–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ethemes-2015-0010.
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AbstractCurrency substitution is widespread in less developed countries. Since it increases financial vulnerability and limits the effectiveness of monetary policy, it is often in the focus of scientists and experts. In this paper, we analyze the importance of euroization determinants in Serbia and neighboring countries - Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, FYR Macedonia, Romania and Croatia for the period 2003-2014. We examine the impact of domestic inflation, nominal exchange rate of the domestic currency against the euro, interest rate spread on domestic and foreign currency, foreign currency inflow in the form of foreign direct investments and exports, as well as the euroization of banks’financial resources on the degree of loan euroization. The results obtained by multiple regression panel methods confirm the statistical significance and assumed direction of the influence of all analyzed variables except inflation and current account balance.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Multiple European countries"
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O'Dorchai, Sile Padraigin. "Family, work and welfare states in Europe: women's juggling with multiple roles :a series of empirical essays." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210592.
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The general focus of this thesis is on how the family, work and the welfare system are intertwined. A major determinant is the way responsibilities are shared by the state, the market and civil society in different welfare state regimes. An introductory chapter will therefore be dedicated to the development of the social dimension in the process of European integration. A first chapter will then go deeper into the comparative analysis of welfare state regimes, to comment on the provision of welfare in societies with a different mix of state, market and societal welfare roles and to assess the adequacy of existing typologies as reflections of today’s changed socio-economic, political and gender reality. Although they stand strong on their own, these first two chapters also contribute to contextualising the research subject of the remainder of the thesis: the study and comparison of the differential situation of women and men and of mothers and non-mothers on the labour markets of the EU-15 countries as well as of the role of public policies with respect to the employment penalties faced by women, particularly in the presence of young children. In our analysis, employment penalties are understood in three ways: (i) the difference in full-time equivalent employment rates between mothers and non-mothers, (ii) the wage penalty associated with motherhood, and (iii) the wage gap between part-time and full-time workers, considering men and women separately. Besides from a gender point of view, employment outcomes and public policies are thus assessed comparatively for mothers and non-mothers. Because women choose to take part in paid employment, fertility rates will depend on their possibilities to combine employment and motherhood. As a result, motherhood-induced employment penalties and the role of public policies to tackle them should be given priority attention, not just by scholars, but also by politicians and policy-makers.<br>Doctorat en Sciences économiques et de gestion<br>info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
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ARP, Henning A. "Multiple actors and arenas : European Community regulation in a polycentric system : a case study on car emission policy." Doctoral thesis, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/5208.
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Defence date: 10 November 1995<br>Examining board: Adrienne Héritier (EUI) ; Prof. Gerhard Lembruch (Universität Konstanz) ; Prof. Giandomenico Majone (EUI - supervisor) ; Prof. Roger Morgan (EUI - co-supervisor) ; Prof. Jeremy Richardson (University of Essex)<br>First made available online: 13 September 2016
Books on the topic "Multiple European countries"
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Michalski, Anna, Antonina Bakardjieva Engelbrekt, and Niklas Nilsson. European Union: Facing the Challenge of Multiple Security Threats. Elgar Publishing Limited, Edward, 2018.
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European Union: Facing the Challenge of Multiple Security Threats. Elgar Publishing Limited, Edward, 2018.
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Gendering Europeanisation (Series Multiple Europes, No. 19.). College of Europe Pubns, 2003.
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Delcour, Laure. EU and Russia in Their 'Contested Neighbourhood': Multiple External Influences, Policy Transfer and Domestic Change. Taylor & Francis Group, 2019.
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Passerini, Luisa. Across the Atlantic: Cultural Exchanges Between Europe and the United States (Series Multiple Europes, No. 13). College of Europe Pubns, 2000.
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Passerini, Luisa. Across the Atlantic: Cultural Exchanges Between Europe and the United States (Series Multiple Europes, No. 13). Peter Lang Pub Inc, 2000.
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Salamońska, Justyna. Mobilities against Prejudice: The Role of Social Transnationalism in Europe in Sentiments towards Immigration from Other EU Member States and from Outside the EU1. Edinburgh University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474428231.003.0005.
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Over the decades Europe has received many and diverse flows of people from around the world. Migrants coming from outside the EU along intra-European migrants have changed the landscape of migrations with their diverse mobility projects. At the same time European citizens residing in their countries of origin are mobile in multiple ways when they engage in travel and consumption across the borders or they connect to family and friends based in other countries. In this chapter I will argue that while European citizens themselves have become more mobile engaging in cross-border exchanges and interactions, these processes have also brought about the change in their thinking about mobility of others who migrate from other EU Member States and beyond. Using the Eurobarometer data I illustrate how attitudes towards intra- and extra-European migration differ, with largely positive sentiments towards migrants coming from within the EU and predominantly negative attitudes towards migrants from outside the EU. However, determinants of these attitudes remain similar, irrespectively if they are directed at European movers or third country nationals. Among examined determinants of sentiments, engagement in cross-border practices seems to coincide with more positive opinions about migration.
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Golder, Sona N., Ignacio Lago, André Blais, Elisabeth Gidengil, and Thomas Gschwend. Multi-Level Electoral Politics. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198791539.001.0001.
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National-level elections receive more attention from scholars and the media than elections at other levels, even though in many European countries the importance of both regional and European levels of government has grown in recent years. The growing importance of multiple electoral arenas suggests that scholars should be cautious about examining single levels in isolation. Taking the multi-level structure of electoral politics seriously requires a re-examination of how the incentives created by electoral institutions affect the behaviour of voters and party elites. The standard approach to analysing multi-level elections is the second-order election model, in which national elections are considered to be first-order elections while other elections are second order. However, this model does not provide micro mechanisms that determine how elections in one arena affect those in another, or explain variations in individual voting behaviour. The objective of this book is to explain how party and voter behaviour in a given election is affected by the existence of multiple electoral arenas. This book uses original qualitative and quantitative data to examine European, national, and subnational elections in France, Germany, and Spain from 2011 to 2015. Party mobilization efforts across multiple electoral arenas are examined, as well as decisions by individual voters with respect to turnout, strategic voting, and accountability. This book provides the first systematic analysis of multi-level electoral politics at three different levels across multiple countries.
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Vermeulen, Ingrid. Art and Its Geographies. Amsterdam University Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789463728140.
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Schools of art represent one of the building blocks of art history. The notion of a school of art emerged in artistic discourse and disseminated across various countries in Europe during the early modern period. Whilst a school of art essentially denotes a group of artists or artworks, it came to be configured in multiple ways, encompassing different meanings of learning, origin, style, or nation, and mediated in various forms via academies, literature, collections, markets and galleries. Moreover, it contributed to competitive debate around the hierarchy of art and artists in Europe. The ensuing fundamental instability of the notion of a school of art helped to create a pluriform panorama of both distinct and interconnected artistic traditions within the European art world. This edited collection brings together 20 articles devoted to selected case studies from the Italian peninsula, the Low Countries, France, Spain, England, the German Empire, and Russia.
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Between Europe And Islam: Shaping Modernity In A Transcultural Space (Series Multiple Europes, No. 14). 2nd ed. Peter Lang Publishing, 2000.
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Ichim, Daniela, and Luisa Franconi. "Strategies to Achieve SDC Harmonisation at European Level: Multiple Countries, Multiple Files, Multiple Surveys." In Privacy in Statistical Databases. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-15838-4_25.
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Hepp, Andreas, Katharina Kleinen-von Königslöw, Swantje Lingenberg, Johanna Möller, Michael Brüggemann, and Anke Offerhaus. "Cultures of Political Discourse in Europe: Explaining Multiple Segmentation in the European Public Sphere." In State Transformations in OECD Countries. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137012425_8.
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Yu, Zhen, Jie Feng, Shiyang Tang, Zeyu Liu, Yiran Yan, and Na Luo. "Multiple Information Collection Technology of Power Network Disaster Loss." In Disaster Intelligent Perception and Emergency Command of Power Grid. Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-7236-4_3.
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AbstractIn the field of wireless sensor network in the application and research and development, foreign countries such as the United States, Europe, Japan, South Korea and other countries started earlier, and their overall strength is strong. The United States “smart grid”, “smart Earth”, the European “Internet of Things Action Plan” and the “U Society” strategy based on the Internet of Things in Japan and South Korea have been implemented, and the Internet of Things has become an important means to seize the “post-crisis” era to enhance the comprehensive competitiveness of countries. In China, wireless sensor networks began to develop after the concept of intelligent dust was put forward, and with the deepening of research on it, it has gradually expanded from the application of national defense and military fields to environmental monitoring, medical health, seabed exploration, forest fire fighting and other fields, and it is included in the future emerging technology development plan, and focus on the application of biotechnology, chemistry and other aspects. After that, the scientific community focused its research on secure and scalable networks, sensor systems and other networks, which prompted scholars from all walks of life to gradually participate in the research and development process of wireless sensor networks.
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Rey, Emmanuel, Martine Laprise, and Sophie Lufkin. "The Multiple Potentials of Urban Brownfields." In Neighbourhoods in Transition. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-82208-8_3.
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AbstractThe phenomenon of urban brownfields is significant throughout European metropolitan areas. In this chapter, we assess, both in qualitative and quantitative terms, the inherent potential of urban brownfields to provide a relevant and substantial densification strategy for metropolitan areas. First, we explore the various opportunities for improvement of the built environment offered by urban brownfields in terms of environment, society, and economics, which are the core principles of sustainable development. This analysis is, inter alia, a juxtaposition between urban brownfields and the compact and polycentric city model, adapted to the metropolitan area. While brownfield regeneration appears to be a relevant densification strategy, it nevertheless implies that a sufficient reserve of land is available to engage policymakers. Thus, we attempt to estimate the urban brownfield stock in three countries: the United Kingdom, Switzerland, and France. The data subsequently serves as a basis for our calculation of the theoretical construction potential of brownfield sites.
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Kilpeläinen, Antti, and Heli Peltola. "Carbon Sequestration and Storage in European Forests." In Forest Bioeconomy and Climate Change. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-99206-4_6.
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AbstractEuropean forests have been acting as a significant carbon sink for the last few decades. However, there are significant distinctions among the forest carbon sinks in different parts of Europe due to differences in the area and structure of the forests, and the harvesting intensity of these. In many European countries, the forest area has increased through natural forest expansion and the afforestation of low-productivity agricultural lands. Changing environmental conditions and improved forest management practices have also increased the carbon sequestration and storage in forests in different regions. The future development of carbon sequestration and storage in European forests will be affected both by the intensity of forest management and harvesting (related to future wood demand) and the severity of climate change and the associated increase in natural forest disturbances. Climate change may also affect the carbon dynamics of forests in different ways, depending on geographical region. Therefore, many uncertainties exist in the future development of carbon sequestration and storage in European forests, and their contribution to climate change mitigation. The demand for multiple ecosystem services, and differences in national and international strategies and policies (e.g. the European Green Deal, climate and biodiversity policies), may also affect the future development of carbon sinks in European forests.
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Guarascio, Dario, and Annamaria Simonazzi. "10. Sustainable Mobility and Industrial Policy." In Investing in the Structural Transformation. Open Book Publishers, 2024. https://doi.org/10.11647/obp.0434.11.
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Focusing on the automotive industry, this chapter addresses the problem of Europe’s vulnerability (e.g., import dependency, technological backwardness in key domains) and the hypothesis of the obsolescence of its growth and production model. First, we analyze the evolution of the Sino-German relationships highlighting the emergence of two divergent trajectories: while a well-tailored combination of industrial and trade policies allowed China to become the leader in electric vehicle (EV) production, the German development model, mostly driven by the choices of key carmakers, slowed innovation, fostered fragmentation within the European Union (EU) and created the conditions for the current vulnerability. Second, we identify the key elements— i.e., increasing demand for affordable EVs, investments in infrastructure for the provision of public goods, building-up a European Directorate for Resource Security—of a European industrial policy for sustainable mobility which may help achieve the multiple goals of decarbonizing the economy, increasing resilience, and reducing inequalities between and within countries.
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Odermatt, Eveline. "“We Do Solidarity, Not Charity”: The Collective Remittance Practices of Moldovan Migrants." In Remittances as Social Practices and Agents of Change. Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-81504-2_9.
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AbstractThis chapter provides an insight into how the discourse of migrants’ contributions to developmental transition is put into concrete practice in the case of Moldova. It highlights Moldovan migrants’ subjective motivations to engage in collective transnational aid efforts, understood as transnational practices, such as return visits and cross-border communication. It draws from 84 interviews with migrants and development actors as well as from ethnographic work conducted in transnational Moldovan migrant civil society and in the international aid and development sector across seven countries: Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, Moldova, Switzerland, and the UK. The main argument is that collective remittance practices emerge from both the migrants’ everyday lives, connecting multiple localities, and their past and current visions of their home country. Thereby, the chapter contributes to the broader theoretical discussion on linkages between the patterns of collective remitting by Eastern European migrants living in EU countries and the development transition in the Eastern European “neighborhood.”
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Kadric, Mira, and Katia Iacono. "Interpreting in a project network." In Introducing New Hypertexts on Interpreting (Studies). John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/btl.160.09kad.
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This contribution analyses the action space of an interpreter in a project network consisting of five professionals, who travelled to Catania/Sicily on behalf of an Austrian broadcaster to interview different police and judicial authorities for a series of documentaries about white-collar crime in various European countries. The analysis was conducted with multiple methods – observation, ethnographic analysis of the interpreted communication and a retrospective interview with the interpreter – as discussed in Pöchhacker (2011a: 21). It shows different interdependences in the project network, which evolve within the structure of the project and continuously influence the strategies adopted by all the participants, including the interpreter, as their input and output are closely interconnected.
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Zhang, Ning, Yizhe Wu, Junyang Li, and Kaijiao Zhang. "Analyzing the Design of Online VR Platforms for Accessing Cultural Heritage Resources and Services: Multiple Case Studies in European and American Countries." In Distributed, Ambient and Pervasive Interactions. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-34609-5_21.
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Kamilovska, Tatjana Zoroska, and Milka Rakočević. "Mandatory Initial Mediation Session: Evaluating the Effects of Compulsion in Dispute Resolution—The Case of North Macedonia." In European Union and its Neighbours in a Globalized World. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-76345-8_12.
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Abstract Since the adoption of the first Law on Mediation in 2006 until today, various regulatory measures have been undertaken for the promotion and stimulation of mediation in North Macedonia. The mediation model has undergone multiple changes given that the practical experience has consistently indicated that the results of its application are minor. Amendments to the Civil Procedure Act from 2015 introduced a mandatory initial mediation session in commercial disputes up to a certain value as a promising solution in the context of its further promotion. The reasons for this legislative solution were quite poorly explained. The absence of specific indicators for the need of a mandatory initial mediation session in commercial disputes mobilized resistance among many business entities but also among the members of the legal profession. A small number of comparative experiences from EU countries, as well as the initial organizational problems with its implementation in our country, have raised doubts about the perspective of this solution. It seems that several years after the introduction of a certain extent of compulsion in the system of dispute resolution regarding particular commercial disputes is quite a solid time to assess the success of this solution so far, but also to estimate whether such a solution has a long-term potential of reviving mediation in our country and creating a culture of using mediation on a purely voluntary basis.
Conference papers on the topic "Multiple European countries"
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Čobović, Tijana, Gordana Savić, and Milica Jovanović. "SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT EFFICIENCY OF EUROPEAN COUNTRIES." In INTERNATIONAL Conference on Business, Management, and Economics Engineering Future-BME. Faculty of Technical Sciences, Novi Sad, 2025. https://doi.org/10.24867/future-bme-2024-071.
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This paper assesses the efficiency of 44 European countries based on the values of indicators of the Sustainable Development Index (SDI). The objective of the research is to evaluate the success of European countries in implementing sustainable practices. Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) is used to analyze sustainable development efficiency of the observed countries. DEA is a non-parametric technique based on linear programming that measures the relative performance of organizational units, particularly in comparisons with multiple inputs and outputs. DEA offers benchmark units, which is crucial for improving the practices of inefficient units. The analysis includes target values for inputs/outputs, indicating the extent to which inefficient units need to adjust their inputs/outputs to achieve efficiency. For this analysis, six indicators are divided into two inputs and four outputs, and model used input orientation. A comparative analysis was also conducted between the real values of the SDI and the efficiency indices provided by DEA, including a comparison of the rankings of countries. The results indicate that countries with lower input values tend to rank better, regardless of their output levels. Furthermore, it is recommended to set constraints on the maximum predicted output values.
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Almayzhar, Hauzaan. "WHAT IS THE IMPACT OF CIRCULAR ECONOMY IMPLEMENTATION ON COUNTRY’S WEALTH IN THE EUROPEAN UNION 27 COUNTRIES? : AN EMPIRICAL STUDY WITH EUROSTAT DATA." In 2024 SoRes Dubai –International Conference on Interdisciplinary Research in Social Sciences, 19-20 February. Global Research & Development Services, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.20319/icssh.2024.157183.
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Circular Economy is considered to be the most appropriate approach to achieve a sustained economy in a sustainable way. Although many scholars have investigated the impact of circular economy implementation on how it will contribute to a country’s economy the results are still vague. To examine the relationship of Circular Economy and its impact towards a country’s wealth I performed a multiple linear regression on 27 European Union countries and the findings revealed a significant correlation between circular economy adaptation and the contribution to wealth in the countries. The findings implicate how policy makers could adopt a circular economy and achieve a sustainable economy.
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Bublienė, Raimonda. "Internationalization and Multiple Discrimination: the Case of Employment Regulation." In Contemporary Issues in Business, Management and Education. Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/cbme.2017.061.
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The article analyses European Union anti-discrimination law development in Member States and differences between protected grounds of discrimination. On this basis, the analysis covers recognition of the social complexity, internationalization and discrimination of foreigners for different grounds. The process of internationalization and migration, covering social, political, economical, cultural, legal processes, the non-discriminatory protection of a foreigner as a member of the society has become complicated, when attempting not to discriminate people arriving from the other countries and to have equal possibilities. The problems of discrimination are valid and significant for the civil society itself. The article also discusses the concept of multiple discrimination in European Union anti-discrimination law, legal regulation and protection against multiple discrimination in Europe and separate legal regulation of the Member States. This article argues that internationalization processes bring new approaches of interpretation of European Union employment equality law and contemporary challenges, introduces recent cases of equal treatment of employees during employment at private companies.
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FRĂTICĂ-DRAGOMIR (GUȘE), Alina Mihaela. "DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION OF PUBLIC PENSIONS: A CASE STUDY OF FOUR EUROPEAN COUNTRIES." In INTERNATIONAL MANAGEMENT CONFERENCE. Editura ASE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.24818/imc/2023/02.12.
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This paper delves into the pension systems of four European nations – Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia and Romania – offering a comprehensive analysis of their respective structures, digitalization efforts and potential for harnessing artificial intelligence (AI) for public benefit. It paints a vivid portrait of the various approaches to pension systems and digitalization strategies in these four European countries. It illuminates the potential of AI and technology to drive progress in the public sector, ultimately improving citizen well-being and government efficiency. The comparison of the four national systems is made in order to understand Romania’s situation in the Eastern European landscape. In Romania, the National Public Pension House is in a complex process of evolution in terms of improving access to electronic services, increasing the quality of information and communication technology so that all institutions have the possibility of multiple interactions both with the citizen and with the business environment and with other central and local public institutions, being in fact optimization and de-bureaucratization measures. Within the National Recovery and Resilience Plan, the Reform of the pension system was foreseen, a major and complex reform, which also includes the milestone – Operational efficiency and advanced electronic services for the national pension system through digitization – with a deadline of completion by the date of December 31, 2024, with several directions of development.
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Iacob (Pârgaru), Oana Camelia, Radu Alexandru Chiotan, Ana Mădălina Bîgu (Potcovaru), and Ghenadie Ciobanu. "The Current State of Industrial Production in the European Union and New Recovery Solutions." In 9th BASIQ International Conference on New Trends in Sustainable Business and Consumption. Editura ASE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.24818/basiq/2023/09/020.
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Industrial activity is of great importance in the economic development of all countries, but in the last decades the results of this branch of the economies of many countries have faced various problems due to the systemic crises that economies in transition, but also the economies of developed countries, are going through. In this article, we propose to review some aspects of the situation regarding industrial production in EU countries, with a stronger focus on industrial production in Romania. It is more necessary to study these topics considering the crisis of the Covid-19 Pandemic, the geopolitical crisis in the region that has stopped multiple logistic processes related to the industry. In other words, it is important to connect the industrial strategies and policies of the European Union countries for the development of Industry 4.0/5.0, to digitize production systems, digital technological processes and robotization, efficient management of the production and distribution chain. We propose to outline the main objectives that must be taken into account for the development of new industrial policies focused on new directions of development for the Romanian economy.
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Mrvić, Milena, and Lejla Hubić Hurković. "Višestruki povrat u zakonodavstvu Republike Srbije sa uporednim prikazom instituta povrata u zemljama Evrope." In Relation between International and National Criminal Law. University of Belgrade, International Criminal Law Assotiation, 2024. https://doi.org/10.51204/zbornik_umkp_24148a.
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In the first part of this paper, the authors presented the institute of reoffending, that is, multiple reoffending in domestic legislation, as well as its various modalities that appear in the criminal law legislation of Serbia, from its introduction until today. Also, in addition to the above, the paper compares the legal regulations related to the punishment of recidivist in the other European countries. In order to make the work more systematic, the European countries covered are divided into two subheadings, that is countries of the region (Montenegro, Croatia, Bosnia i Herzegovina) and other European countries (Czech Republic, Federal Republic of Germany, Republic of France).
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Marković, Vasilije. "A note on the dual citizenship tendencies within the European perspective." In nternational scientific thematic conference From national sovereignty to negotiation sovereignty "Days of Law Rolando Quadri", Belgrade, 14 June 2024. Institute of Comparative Law : University "Niccolò Cusano", 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.56461/zr_24.fnstns.19.
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The policy of dual citizenship on the European continent has undergone significant changes in recent decades. The reasons for these changes are multiple: from increased migration, the impact of the globalization process, gender perspectives, but also the changed role of the state, which is no longer perceived only as an instrument of authoritative governing, but also as a service to citizens, i.e. public service. In the paper, the author describes these influences and tries to show the changed character of dual citizenship on a theoretical level, which is no longer perceived as an a priori negative phenomenon that should be restrained, but as a fact that should be reckoned with, or as a phenomenon that should be strengthened, having in mind in terms of the theoretical framework of the right to dual citizenship. In addition to the theoretical framework, the author also shows the change of citizenship policy on the European continent and on the example of relevant international documents. The evolution can thus be clearly observed if two documents of the Council of Europe, Convention on the Reduction of Cases of Multiple Nationality and on Military Obligations in Cases of Multiple Nationality from 1963 and Convention of the Council of Europe on nationality from 1997, are compared. And while the first, older document has a very negative attitude towards the possibility of dual citizenship, the 1997 convention affirms dual citizenship. This change on the international level was followed by certain changes in the legislation of European countries, which, by applying the comparative law method, will be adequately presented in the paper. Especially in this sense are illustrative examples of countries that until recently were very significant opponents of dual citizenship, such as Denmark, and a special focus will be placed on the solution present in this country. The author's conclusion is that the politics of citizenship, both on the international and the national level, is evolving, but that even now one has to reckon with the irreversibly changed perspective of dual citizenship.
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Nikqi, Liridona. "Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) Performance and Economic Growth: An Econometric Analysis for Central European Countries." In 9th FEB International Scientific Conference. University of Maribor Press, 2025. https://doi.org/10.18690/um.epf.5.2025.9.
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This study analyzes the impact of environmental, social, and governance (ESG) performance on economic growth in Central European countries. Using an econometric approach, the study assesses ESG indicators’ contribution to economic development and examines whether these factors drive sustainable growth. A scientific methodology based on secondary data from the World Bank’s annual reports was applied. Several econometric models, including multiple linear regression, random effects, fixed effects, Hausman-Taylor regression, GMM, and GEE models, were used. The results show a strong relationship between ESG performance and economic growth. Governance effectiveness and corruption control positively impact GDP growth, while increasing CO2 emissions negatively affect it. Similarly, investments in education and health contribute to long-term growth, emphasizing the importance of sustainable development policies. This research presents reliable results supporting conclusions and recommendations.
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Demetri, Kathyrn J., Terry L. Schulz, and Bryan N. Friedman. "AP1000® Plant Adaptation To European Markets." In 2014 22nd International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone22-31057.
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The AP1000® plant is an 1100-MWe pressurized water reactor (PWR) with passive safety features and extensive plant simplifications that enhance construction, operation, maintenance and safety. One of the key design approaches in the AP1000 plant is to use passive features to mitigate design basis accidents. Active defense-in-depth (DiD) features provide investment protection, reduce the demands on the passive features and support the PRA. The passive features are classified as safety-related in the US. The active defense-in-depth features are classified as non-safety (with supplemental requirements) in the US. The AP1000 design has incorporated a standardization approach, which together with the level of safety achieved by the passive safety features, results in a plant design that can be applied to different geographical regions with varying regulatory standards and utility expectations without major changes. While the first deployments of the AP1000 plant are ongoing in China and the United States, Westinghouse has remained active in also pursuing European opportunities for the AP1000 plant. In particular, Westinghouse has cooperated for almost two decades with European utilities to ensure adaptation of the AP1000 plant to the European market. This cooperation has resulted in progress towards AP1000 plant deployment in European countries. The AP1000 plant is recognized worldwide and has been reviewed by regulators around the world, including China, the United Kingdom (UK), Canada as well as the US. The AP1000 PWR is the only Generation III+ reactor design to obtain final design approval from the United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission (US NRC) and interim approval from UK regulatory authorities as part of the Generic Design Assessment (GDA) process. It is the only technology to be licensed for construction in the United States in more than 30 years, and the only Generation III+ technology worldwide to receive an operating license, as well as construction approval in China. The AP1000 plant has been independently assessed and confirmed to meet the requirements of the European Utilities Requirements (EUR) document and the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) Advanced Light Water Reactor Utility Requirements Document (URD). The AP1000 plant has also been successfully assessed against multiple European industry guidelines such as the WENRA safety objectives, the IAEA safety standards, the ENSREG stress tests and the UK Weightman Report. In support of multiple ongoing request for proposal (RFP) and pre-RFP activities in European countries, Westinghouse has focused design effort and customer interactions in several European countries to adapt the AP1000 plant to European requirements. Review of the AP1000 plant design with regulators around the world, European Standards compliance activities, and continued cooperation and interaction with European Utilities provide confidence that the AP1000 plant can be successfully licensed and deployed in Europe. The AP1000 50Hz standard plant design (also referred to as European Passive Standard or EPS) is the resulting adaptation of the AP1000 60 Hz US standard plant design to European market needs and requirements, addressing both customer input from such programs as the European Passive Plant (EPP) program in addition to regulatory and Utility needs identified though RFP and pre-RFP activities. The AP1000 50Hz standard plant design retains the overall AP1000 plant design (safe, simple, standard), the use of proven components and its cost, safety and operability advantages, while incorporating some changes to adapt to the European environment. This paper will discuss some of the key changes that have been incorporated into the AP1000 50Hz plant design as necessary to adapt to the European market and demonstrate that the vast majority of the standard AP1000 plant design being built in China and the US is not impacted.
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Acheampong, Timothy Yaw. "Aid for trade policy effectiveness and the middle income." In The European Union’s Contention in the Reshaping Global Economy. Szegedi Tudományegyetem Gazdaságtudományi Kar, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.14232/eucrge.2022.7.
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The COVID-19 pandemic has made it necessary for all countries and donors to re-evaluate the effectiveness of development policies as countries across the globe seek to reverse the negative growth rates and set their economies back on the path of recovery following the worldwide recession caused by the pandemic. The Aid for Trade (AfT) policy commenced in 2006 with the objective to promote economic growth in developing countries through export expansion. AfT has 3 main components, namely, Aid for Policies and Trade Adjustments, Aid for Trade Infrastructure, and Aid for Building Productive Capacity. Considering that economic growth is a prerequisite for escaping the Middle-Income Trap (MIT), this study seeks to investigate the potential role of AfT in helping countries escape the MIT by answering the following question: How has each of the 3 components of AfT impacted economic growth in middle-income countries? To answer this question, data for 73 middle-income AfT beneficiary countries over the period 2008-2018 were analysed using hierarchical multiple regression, dynamic panel regression, and quantile regression models. The findings suggest that AfT can contribute to growth but it cannot be relied upon as the main engine of growth and vehicle for escaping the MIT.
Reports on the topic "Multiple European countries"
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Wright, Timothy. Hypersonic Missile Proliferation: An Emerging European Problem. Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55163/qvhv3959.
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The supposed benefits of hypersonic missile technology and the reconsideration of the European security landscape following Russia’s 2022 invasion of Ukraine may act as a catalyst for multiple European states to acquire or develop high-speed systems. Although these systems are currently challenging to develop, trends in other missile technology point towards a gradual diffusion of explicit and tacit knowledge that ultimately lowers production costs, resulting in greater affordability and accessibility. Coupled with inefficient non-proliferation barriers and the gradual erosion of the cold war arms control architecture, it is likely that these systems will be fielded by several European countries in the next 10 to 15 years. Reflecting this projection, this paper considers in detail various European hypersonic missile programmes and explains the applications of these systems and their possible implications for European stability, including existing technical and policy barriers that impede proliferation. In unravelling these, the paper proposes how policymakers can strengthen these mechanisms, achieve deterrence without undermining stability and better manage this emerging security issue.
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Buber-Ennser, Isabella, Caroline Berghammer, and Maria Winkler-Dworak. PARTNERSHIP DISSOLUTION IN AUSTRIA DURING MULTIPLE CRISES, 2018-2023. Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1553/0x003f6af1.
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At the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, divorce rates across European countries significantly declined and remained low through 2023. This sustained low level is notable, especially given the potential for a rebound in postponed divorces. This study examines partnership dissolution in Austria from 2018 to 2023, covering the pandemic and a subsequent period of high inflation. It specifically investigates the role of socioeconomic and family characteristics. The analysis draws on 24 quarterly waves from the Austrian Labour Force Surveys, focusing on cohabiting and married couples aged 20 to 54 (n=32,913 couples). Households participated in five consecutive quarters. Changes in partnership status across waves were analysed using random effects logistic panel regression models. The dissolution of partnerships sharply declined during the pandemic (2020-22) and remained at a lower level throughout the period of high inflation (2022-23). The risk of separation decreased most significantly in two groups: couples without children (compared to those with children, especially two or more) and couples with low to medium education levels. We interpret the less pronounced decline in dissolution risk among parents as an indication of greater strain, particularly due to work-family conflicts. Additionally, the reduced rate of union dissolutions among low- and medium–educated couples likely reflects financial challenges in setting up a second household, exacerbated by inflation and rising living costs. The economic barriers to partnership dissolution may be considered a social problem.
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Potter, Dervla, Keire Murphy, Anne Sheridan, and Yazmin de Barra. Annual report on migration and asylum 2023. ESRI/, 2025. https://doi.org/10.26504/sustat127.
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The Annual report on migration and asylum 2023: Ireland provides a detailed overview of the key developments in migration and asylum in Ireland in 2023. It includes statistics, significant policy developments and debates, research and notable case law on a comprehensive range of migration-related topics. It is the 20th report in the series and complements the European Migration Network’s (EMN) series of European annual reports, which give an overview of developments across EMN Member and Observer Countries. While Ireland’s migration and asylum landscape is constantly changing, significant developments occurred in 2023. Ireland’s population continues to rise, with an estimated population of 5.38 million in 2024, a 1.9% increase from the previous year. Immigration and emigration both increased in the 12 months to April 2024 according to the Central Statistics Office (CSO), although immigration was still slightly lower than the peak in 2007. During this time, Ireland welcomed arrivals from Ukraine following the continued Russian invasion, albeit in lower numbers than in 2022, and experienced continued high levels of people seeking international protection in Ireland. This report is also set against a backdrop of other social, economic and political developments such as increased costs of living, a housing crisis and increase in anti-migrant sentiment. While not all of these are covered in the report, they are relevant to understanding the context at the time. Policy and legislative changes were also prominent in 2023, spanning various aspects of migration and asylum such as labour migration, international protection, temporary protection, integration, human trafficking, irregular migration, visas and return. Developments also occurred at multiple levels, from the national to European and international levels. This report serves as a comprehensive resource, providing detailed statistics, policy and legislative changes, summaries of recent research and significant case law. It is intended to be a reliable reference for readers seeking to understand these elements for the year of the report.
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Nelson Moro, Leben, and Jennifer Palmer. Meeting report: The impact of global aid funding cuts on people and programmes in South Sudan. Institute of Development Studies, 2025. https://doi.org/10.19088/sshap.2025.031.
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Low-income countries are reeling from the sudden and wide-ranging cuts to U.S. government foreign assistance, as well as from announcements that several European donor governments are also reducing their contributions. Among the worst affected is South Sudan, a country which is experiencing multiple, intersecting crises. These crises include a breakdown in the 2018 revitalised peace agreement, a severe economic recession made worse by the war in neighbouring Sudan, a food crisis, widespread chronic flooding and outbreaks of disease. Some groups of people are particularly vulnerable, such as internally displaced people, returnees and refugees from Sudan, Ethiopia and other countries who are living in South Sudan. South Sudan relies on international assistance to provide basic services to its people and support civil society-led peacebuilding efforts to avoid a return to war. To discuss these challenges and reflect upon how they have been amplified by recent global aid funding cuts, SSHAP and the University of Juba organised a roundtable discussion. Government actors, academics, development partners and journalists shared their reflections on the sweeping impacts on people and programmes in South Sudan. This report summarises the contributions from participants who were asked to reflect on the following topics: 1. How are funding cuts to global aid affecting people and programmes? 2. How is renewed conflict changing needs and programmes? 3. What research or information may be needed to understand the changes going forward?
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Jones, Emily, Beatriz Kira, Anna Sands, and Danilo B. Garrido Alves. The UK and Digital Trade: Which way forward? Blavatnik School of Government, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-wp-2021/038.
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The internet and digital technologies are upending global trade. Industries and supply chains are being transformed, and the movement of data across borders is now central to the operation of the global economy. Provisions in trade agreements address many aspects of the digital economy – from cross-border data flows, to the protection of citizens’ personal data, and the regulation of the internet and new technologies like artificial intelligence and algorithmic decision-making. The UK government has identified digital trade as a priority in its Global Britain strategy and one of the main sources of economic growth to recover from the pandemic. It wants the UK to play a leading role in setting the international standards and regulations that govern the global digital economy. The regulation of digital trade is a fast-evolving and contentious issue, and the US, European Union (EU), and China have adopted different approaches. Now that the UK has left the EU, it will need to navigate across multiple and often conflicting digital realms. The UK needs to decide which policy objectives it will prioritise, how to regulate the digital economy domestically, and how best to achieve its priorities when negotiating international trade agreements. There is an urgent need to develop a robust, evidence-based approach to the UK’s digital trade strategy that takes into account the perspectives of businesses, workers, and citizens, as well as the approaches of other countries in the global economy. This working paper aims to inform UK policy debates by assessing the state of play in digital trade globally. The authors present a detailed analysis of five policy areas that are central to discussions on digital trade for the UK: cross-border data flows and privacy; internet access and content regulation; intellectual property and innovation; e-commerce (including trade facilitation and consumer protection); and taxation (customs duties on e-commerce and digital services taxes). In each of these areas the authors compare and contrast the approaches taken by the US, EU and China, discuss the public policy implications, and examine the choices facing the UK.
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Lopez-Barrios, Michel, and Paul Peters. Definitions and Methods for Analysis of Multiple Cause of Death: A Scoping Review. Spatial Determinants of Health Lab, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.22215/rrep/2023.sdhl.106.
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Objective: This review aims to identify and categorise demographic methods used in modelling multiple causes of death. The assumption that each death is caused by exactly one disease is debatable, as other possible diseases or causes may be associated with the main cause. Hence, the multiple causes of death approach is essential for understanding mortality. Therefore, through this study, we will carry out a Scoping Review of the existing literature on the topic of MCOD. Inclusion criteria: This review considers literature pertaining to methods for the analysis and utilization of multiple cause of death data. Papers that discuss the methods used as well as the strengths and limitations of multiple cause of death approach will be considered for this study. Methods: Preliminary searches were conducted in July 2022 and focussed on concepts of multiple cause of death mortality and multiple causes of death. Searches were conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus and was conducted in English, French, Spanish and Portuguese. There were no time constraints on the studies to be included in this review. Articles were initially screened by title and abstract and then reviewed by full text by three independent reviewers. Two reviewers extracted the data from the eligible articles. Results: A total of 769 papers were reviewed at the abstract and title level. Of these, 124 were screened for full-text eligibility. A total of 53 articles were included in the final analysis. Among the articles included, 31 were articles from the United States, 14 were from Europe and 8 were from other countries. The papers were categorized as methodological (33) papers, data assessment papers (19), papers discussing socioeconomic differences in mortality (13) and mixed method papers (11). Conclusions: There are many different types of methodologies and procedures used to analyse multiple cause of death statistics. All papers included in this study used descriptive methods (mostly frequency tables and cross-tabulations) to analyze multiple cause of death data, and almost half of them use visualizations to model the results. One of the most common limitations cited among the articles is the comparability of the statistics. Accurate data and analysis of vital statistics require resources, and many countries do not have the to report high-quality statistics. This could explain why most of the papers selected for this study focused on data from developed countries.
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Tamburini, Andrea, Arkadiusz Wiśniowski, and Dilek Yildiz. BAYESIAN MULTI-DIMENSIONAL MORTALITY RECONSTRUCTION. Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1553/0x003eb05e.
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Even though mortality differentials by socio-economic status and educational attainment level have been widely examined, this research is often limited to developed countries and recent years. This is primarily due to the absence of consistently good-quality inherent data. Systematic studies with a broad geographical and temporal spectrum that engage with the link between educational attainment and mortality are lacking. In this paper, we propose a mortality rates reconstruction model based on multiple patchy data sources, and provide mortality rates by level of education. The proposed model is a hierarchical Bayesian model that combines the strengths of multiple sources in order to disaggregate mortality rates by time periods, age groups, sex and educational attainment. We apply the model in a case study that includes 13 countries across South-East Europe, Western Asia and North Africa, and calculate education-specific mortality rates for five-year age groups starting at age 15 for the 1980-2015 time period. Furthermore, we evaluate the model’s performance relying on standard convergence indicators and trace plots, and validate our estimates via posterior predictive checks. This study contributes to the literature by proposing a novel methodology to enhance the research on the relationship between education and adult mortality. It addresses the lack of educationspecific mortality differentials by providing a flexible method for their estimation.
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Huynh, Diana N., Pipsa Salolammi, Hjördis Guðmundsdóttir, Åsa Ström Hildestrand, and Fanny Ejder. The Nordic Region and the 2030 Agenda: Governance and engagement (2021-2022). Nordregio, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.6027/r2023:4.1403-2503.
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The Nordic countries have continuously ranked at the top of international assessments with regards to SDG implementation. This does not mean, however, that sustainable development in the Nordic Region has been fully achieved. Each country continues to face numerous challenges, including unsustainable consumption and production patterns, the effects of a changing climate, as well as rebalancing our societies after multiple crises marked by the COVID-19 pandemic and ongoing recovery, energy supply shortages in Europe and the war in Ukraine. This report describes central policy decisions, actors and national structures in ongoing SDG work, and highlights inspiring examples of national networks and societal participation. Where information about more recent action has not been available, other supplementary aspects have been added, hence overlaps in the national chapters occur.
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Wolfmaier, Susanne, Adrian Foong, and Christian König. Climate, conflict and COVID-19: How does the pandemic affect EU policies on climate-fragility? Adelphi research gemeinnützige GmbH, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.55317/casc018.
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The links between climate change and conflict have been well-documented in recent observations and academic literature: far from being causally direct, these links often depend on specific conditions and occur through certain pathways (Koubi, 2019). For example, conflicts have been found to be more likely in areas with poor access to infrastructure and facilities (Detges, 2016), or where government distrust and political bias are prevalent (Detges, 2017). As such, climate change has often been described as a ‘threat multiplier’, making it imperative for security and development actors to consider these fragility risks collectively in their policies and strategies. In addition to the expected impacts of climate change on the European Union (EU), such as increasing temperatures, extreme weather events or rising sea levels, climate change also has “direct and indirect international security impacts” for the EU’s foreign- and security policy (Council of the European Union, 2016). These affect for example migration, food security, access to resources and socio-economic factors that possibly contribute to disruptions (ibid.). The resulting fragility may affect the EU by contributing to changes in geopolitical power dynamics, whilst at the same time needs for support in neighbouring and partner countries could increase (Brown, Le More & Raasteen, 2020). The EU has increasingly acknowledged climate-fragility risks over the last years, as is evident from several key foreign policy strategies, agreements, and decisions. The European Green Deal, for example, aims to cushion climate and environmental impacts that may exacerbate instability (European Commission, 2019). At the regional level, individual policies underline the links between climate impacts and security in partner regions, such as for the Sahel (Council of the European Union, 2021a) and the Neighbourhood (EEAS, 2021a), stressing the importance in tackling those risks. To that end, the EU has been at the forefront in providing multilateral support for its partner regions, through its various instruments related to climate, environment, development, and security. According to official EU sources, EU funding for official development assistance (ODA) rose by 15% in nominal terms from 2019 to €66.8 billion in 2020 (European Commission, 2021a). Furthermore, the share dedicated to climate action is also growing: the EU initiative Global Climate Change Alliance Plus (GCCA+) received an additional €102.5 million for the period 2014-2020 compared to the previous phase 2004- 2014 (European Commission, n.d.). Looking ahead, the EU’s recently approved Multiannual Financial Framework for 2021-2027 is set to provide €110.6 billion in funding for external action and pre-accession assistance to its Neighbourhood and rest of the world (European Commission, 2021b). Despite the increased recognition of climate-related fragility risks in EU policies and the funding committed to climate action and international development, implementation of concrete measures to address these risks are lagging behind, with only a handful of EUfunded projects addressing climate-fragility risks (Brown, Le More & Raasteen, 2020). Compounding these challenges is the COVID-19 pandemic. Despite the current vaccine rollout worldwide, and with some countries seeing a potential end to the health crisis, the pandemic has taken – and continues to take – its toll in many parts of the world. The unprecedented nature of COVID-19 could ultimately make it more difficult for the EU to address the impacts of climate change on fragility and security in its partner regions. In other words: How does the pandemic affect the EU’s ability to address climate-fragility risks in its neighbourhood? To answer this question, this paper will explore the implications of COVID-19 on relevant EU policies and strategies that address the climate security nexus, focusing on three regions: the Sahel, North Africa, and Western Balkans. These regions were chosen for geographical representativeness (i.e., being the EU’s southern and eastern neighbouring regions), as well as being priority regions for EU external action, and, in the case of the Western Balkans, for EU accession.1 The remainder of the paper is structured as follows: Section 2 outlines, in general terms, the impacts of the pandemic on the political priorities and ability of the EU to address climate-fragility risks. Section 3 explores, for each focus region, how the pandemic affects key objectives of EU policies aiming at reducing climate-fragility risks in that region. Section 4 provides several recommendations on how the EU can better address the interlinking risks associated with climate-fragility and COVID-19.
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The Munster Statement on the Principles of Research Ethics and Research Integrity. Munster Technological University, 2025. https://doi.org/10.34719/yehb3860.
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"<p>INGENIUM is an alliance of ten institutions of higher education from ten European countries. This European University seeks to enable each member of the network to offer high-quality study and qualification programmes with digital components that are shared within the INGENIUM Alliance.</p> <p>In Higher Education Institutions there is a growing emphasis on promoting good research practices in all aspects of research1,2, including everything from fundamental research to applied research to commercialisation. Research ethics (RE) and research integrity (RI) underpin research activity and excellence and are considered a critical component of the basis for researchers to trust each other as well as the research record3, and reinforce the public's trust to science and scientific outcomes4. However, with the multitude of high-level guidelines in existence, developing a statement to enable a consistent approach to RE and RI across INGENIUM is essential.</p> <p>With RE and RI relevant to research across all disciplines, it is crucial that a statement on their good practice is based on experience across multiple disciplines. To address this need, the INGENIUM alliance has supported the creation of MARIE – Multidisciplinary Approach to Research Integrity and Ethics – who led the development of The Munster Statement. The purpose of the statement is to support researchers across INGENIUM, through mandating a steadfast commitment to clear and consistent RE and RI principles across all levels in their collaborations. This commitment should, as far as possible, avoid incidences of research misconduct and unacceptable research practices occurring.</p> <p>MARIE is a project funded by INGENIUM Research Groups 2024, with members’ expertise ranging across numerous fields, including mathematics, engineering, informatics, artificial intelligence, neuroscience, healthcare, bioethics, applied ethics, and sociology. Utilising the MARIE members’ collectively multidisciplinary knowledge of RE and RI implementation to further embed good research practices ensures that the outputs from MARIE will be beneficial across multiple disciplines in the INGENIUM alliance, thus solidifying INGENIUM's role at the forefront of RE and RI initiatives. By working collaboratively and collectively across the INGENIUM alliance on RE and RI, and following input from local stakeholders, we, the members of the MARIE project, developed The Munster Statement.</p> <p>The Munster Statement outlines the principles of RE and RI, along with the closely related terms research misconduct and unacceptable research practices, aligned across INGENIUM, and should be read in conjunction with local and national research-related policy and procedures.</p> <p>The Munster Statement is supported by the INGENIUM Research School.</p>"