Academic literature on the topic 'Multiple flood sources'
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Journal articles on the topic "Multiple flood sources"
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Jiang, X., and H. Tatano. "A rainfall design method for spatial flood risk assessment: considering multiple flood sources." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 12, no. 8 (2015): 8005–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-12-8005-2015.
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Abstract. Information about the spatial distribution of flood risk is important for integrated urban flood risk management. Focusing on urban areas, spatial flood risk assessment must reflect all risk information derived from multiple flood sources: rivers, drainage, coastal flooding etc. that may affect the area. However, conventional flood risk assessment deals with each flood source independently, which leads to an underestimation of flood risk in the floodplain. Even in floodplains that have no risk from coastal flooding, flooding from river channels and inundation caused by insufficient drainage capacity should be considered simultaneously. For integrated flood risk management, it is necessary to establish a methodology to estimate flood risk distribution across a floodplain. In this paper, a rainfall design method for spatial flood risk assessment, which considers the joint effects of multiple flood sources, is proposed. The concept of critical rainfall duration determined by the concentration time of flooding is introduced to connect response characteristics of different flood sources with rainfall. A copula method is then adopted to capture the correlation of rainfall amount with different critical rainfall durations. Rainfall events are designed taking advantage of the copula structure of correlation and marginal distribution of rainfall amounts within different critical rainfall durations. A case study in the Otsu River Basin, Osaka prefecture, Japan was conducted to demonstrate this methodology.
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Chiang, Yen-Ming, Kuo-Lin Hsu, Fi-John Chang, Yang Hong, and Soroosh Sorooshian. "Merging multiple precipitation sources for flash flood forecasting." Journal of Hydrology 340, no. 3-4 (2007): 183–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2007.04.007.
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Jiang, Xinyu, Lijiao Yang, and Hirokazu Tatano. "Assessing Spatial Flood Risk from Multiple Flood Sources in a Small River Basin: A Method Based on Multivariate Design Rainfall." Water 11, no. 5 (2019): 1031. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11051031.
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A key issue in assessing the spatial distribution of flood risk is considering risk information derived from multiple flood sources (river flooding, drainage inundation, etc.) that may affect the risk assessment area. This study proposes a method for assessing spatial flood risk that includes flooding and inundation in small-basin areas through multivariate design rainfall. The concept of critical rainfall duration, determined by the time of concentration of flooding, is used to represent the characteristics of flooding from different sources. A copula method is adopted to capture the correlation of rainfall amounts in different critical rainfall durations to reflect the correlation of potential flooding from multiple flood sources. Rainfalls for different return periods are designed based on the copula multivariate analysis. Using the design rainfalls as input, flood risk is assessed following the rainfall–runoff–inundation–loss estimation procedure. A case study of the Otsu River Basin, Osaka Prefecture, Japan, was conducted to demonstrate the feasibility and advantages of this method. Compared to conventional rainfall design, this method considers the response characteristics of multiple flood sources, and solves the problem of flood risk assessment from multiple flood sources. It can be applied to generate a precise flood risk assessment to support integrated flood risk management.
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Saint-Martin, Clotilde, Pierre Javelle, and Freddy Vinet. "DamaGIS: a multisource geodatabase for collection of flood-related damage data." Earth System Science Data 10, no. 2 (2018): 1019–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/essd-10-1019-2018.
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Abstract. Every year in France, recurring flood events result in several million euros of damage, and reducing the heavy consequences of floods has become a high priority. However, actions to reduce the impact of floods are often hindered by the lack of damage data on past flood events. The present paper introduces a new database for collection and assessment of flood-related damage. The DamaGIS database offers an innovative bottom-up approach to gather and identify damage data from multiple sources, including new media. The study area has been defined as the south of France considering the high frequency of floods over the past years. This paper presents the structure and contents of the database. It also presents operating instructions in order to keep collecting damage data within the database. This paper also describes an easily reproducible method to assess the severity of flood damage regardless of the location or date of occurrence. A first analysis of the damage contents is also provided in order to assess data quality and the relevance of the database. According to this analysis, despite its lack of comprehensiveness, the DamaGIS database presents many advantages. Indeed, DamaGIS provides a high accuracy of data as well as simplicity of use. It also has the additional benefit of being accessible in multiple formats and is open access. The DamaGIS database is available at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1241089.
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See, Koh Liew, Nayan Nasir, Saleh Yazid, Hashim Mohmadisa, Mahat Hanifah, and A. Rahaman Zullyadini. "Well Water Site Selection at Local Scale Using Geographical Information System for Flood Victim in Malaysia." Indonesian Journal of Geography 50, no. 2 (2018): 205. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ijg.32925.
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Clean water supply is a major problem among flood victims during flood events. This article aims to determine the sites of well water sources that can be utilised during floods in the District of Kuala Krai, Kelantan. Field methods and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) were applied in the process of selecting flood victim evacuation centres and wells. The data used were spatial data obtained primarily, namely the well data, evacuation centre data and flood area data. The well and evacuation centre data were obtained by field methods conducted to determine the position of wells using global positioning system tools, and the same for the location of the evacuation centres. Information related to evacuation centres was obtained secondarily from multiple agencies and gathered into GIS as an evacuation centre attribute. The flood area data was also obtained via secondary data and was digitised using the ArcGIS software. The data processing was divided into two stages, namely the first stage of determining the flood victim evacuation centres to be used in this research in a structural manner based on two main criteria which were the extent to which an evacuation centre was affected by the flood and the highest capacity of victims for each district with the greatest impact to the flood affected population. The second stage was to determine the location of wells based on three criteria, namely i) not affected by flood, ii) the closest distance to the selected flood victim evacuation centre and iii) located at different locations. Among the main GIS analyses used were locational analysis, overlay analysis, and proximity analysis. The results showed that four (4) flood evacuation centres had been chosen and matched the criteria set, namely SMK Sultan Yahya Petra 2, SMK Manek Urai Lama, SMK Laloh and SK Kuala Gris. While six (6) wells had been selected as water sources that could be consumed by the flood victims at 4 evacuation centres in helping to provide clean water supply, namely Kg. Keroh 16 (T1), Kg. Batu Mengkebang 10 (T2), Lepan Meranti (T3), Kg. Budi (T4), Kg. Jelawang Tengah 2 (T5) and Kg. Durian Hijau 1 (T6). With the presence of the well water sources that can be used during flood events, clean water supply can be distributed to flood victims at the evacuation centres. Indirectly, this research can reduce the impact of floods in the future, especially in terms of clean water supply even during the hit of a major flood.
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Bray, Stephanie N., and Richard H. McCuen. "Importance of the Assumption of Independence or Dependence among Multiple Flood Sources." Journal of Hydrologic Engineering 19, no. 6 (2014): 1194–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)he.1943-5584.0000901.
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熊, 明. "Forecasting of Flash-Flood-Producing Precipitation by Coupling Multiple Sources of Information." Journal of Water Resources Research 06, no. 02 (2017): 91–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.12677/jwrr.2017.62013.
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Mou, Shiyu, Peng Shi, Simin Qu, et al. "Uncertainty Analysis of Two Copula-Based Conditional Regional Design Flood Composition Methods: A Case Study of Huai River, China." Water 10, no. 12 (2018): 1872. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w10121872.
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The issue of regional design flood composition should be considered when it comes to the analysis of multiple sections. However, the uncertainty accompanied in the process of regional design flood composition point identification is often overlooked in the literature. The purpose of this paper, therefore, is to uncover the sensibility of marginal distribution selection and the impact of sampling uncertainty caused by the limited records on two copula-based conditional regional design flood composition methods, i.e., the conditional expectation regional design flood composition (CEC) method and the conditional most likely regional design flood composition (CMLC) method, which are developed to derive the combinations of maximum 30-day flood volumes at the two sub-basins above Bengbu hydrological station for given univariate return periods. An experiment combing different marginal distributions was conducted to explore the former uncertainty source, while a conditional copula-based parametric bootstrapping (CC-PB) procedure together with five metrics (i.e., horizontal standard deviation, vertical standard deviation, area of 25%, 50%, 75% BCIs (bivariate confidence intervals)) were designed and employed subsequently to evaluate the latter uncertainty source. The results indicated that the CEC and CMLC point identification was closely bound up with the different combinations of univariate distributions in spite of the comparatively tiny difference of the fitting performances of seven candidate univariate distributions, and was greatly affected by the sampling uncertainty due to the limited observations, which should arouse critical attention. Both of the analyzed sources of uncertainty increased with the growing T (univariate return period). As for the comparison of the two proposed methods, it seemed that the uncertainty due to the marginal selection had a slight larger impact on the CEC scheme than the CMLC scheme; but in terms of sampling uncertainty, the CMLC method performed slightly stable for large floods, while when considering moderate and small floods, the CEC method performed better.
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Qi, Wei, Chi Zhang, Guangtao Fu, Huicheng Zhou, and Junguo Liu. "Quantifying Uncertainties in Extreme Flood Predictions under Climate Change for a Medium-Sized Basin in Northeastern China." Journal of Hydrometeorology 17, no. 12 (2016): 3099–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jhm-d-15-0212.1.
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Abstract This study develops a new variance-based uncertainty assessment framework to investigate the individual and combined impacts of various uncertainty sources on future extreme floods. The Long Ashton Research Station Weather Generator (LARS-WG) approach is used to downscale multiple general circulation models (GCMs), and the dynamically dimensioned search approximation of uncertainty approach is used to quantify hydrological model uncertainty. Extreme floods in a region in northeastern China are studied for two future periods: near term (2046–65) and far term (2080–99). Six GCMs and three emission scenarios (A1B, A2, and B1) are used. Results obtained from this case study show that the 500-yr flood magnitude could increase by 4.5% in 2046–65 and by 6.4% in 2080–99 in terms of median values; in worst-case scenarios, it could increase by 63.0% and 111.8% in 2046–65 and 2080–99, respectively. It is found that the combined effect of GCMs, emission scenarios, and hydrological models has a larger influence on the discharge uncertainties than the individual impacts from emission scenarios and hydrological models. Further, results show GCMs are the dominant contributor to extreme flood uncertainty in both 2046–65 and 2080–99 periods. This study demonstrates that the developed framework can be used to effectively investigate changes in the occurrence of extreme floods in the future and to quantify individual and combined contributions of various uncertainty sources to extreme flood uncertainty, which can guide future efforts to reduce uncertainty.
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Annis, Antonio, and Fernando Nardi. "GFPLAIN and Multi-Source Data Assimilation Modeling: Conceptualization of a Flood Forecasting Framework Supported by Hydrogeomorphic Floodplain Rapid Mapping." Hydrology 8, no. 4 (2021): 143. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/hydrology8040143.
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Hydrologic/hydraulic models for flood risk assessment, forecasting and hindcasting have been greatly supported by the rising availability of increasingly accurate and high-resolution Earth Observation (EO) data. EO-based topographic and hydrologic open geo data are, nowadays, available on large scales. Data Assimilation (DA) models allow Early Warning Systems (EWS) to produce accurate and timely flood predictions. DA-based EWS generally use river flow real-time observations and 1D hydraulic models to identify potential inundation hot spots. Detailed high-resolution 2D hydraulic modeling is usually not used in EWS for the computational burden and the numerical complexity of injecting multiple spatially distributed sources of flow observations. In recent times, DEM-based hydrogeomorphic models demonstrated their ability in characterizing river basin hydrologic forcing and floodplain domains providing data-parsimonious opportunities for data-scarce regions. This work investigates the use of hydrogeomorphic floodplain terrain processing for optimizing the ability of DA-based EWSs in using diverse distributed flow observations. A flood forecasting framework with novel applications of hydrogeomorphic floodplain processing is conceptualized for empowering flood EWSs in preliminarily identifying the computational domain for hydraulic modeling, rapid flood detection using satellite images, and filtering geotagged crowdsourced data for flood monitoring. The proposed flood forecasting framework supports the development of an integrated geomorphic-hydrologic/hydraulic modeling chain for a DA that values multiple sources of observation. This work investigates the value of floodplain hydrogeomorphic models to tackle the major challenges of DA for EWS with specific regard to the computational efficiency issues and the lack of data in ungauged river basins towards an improved flood forecasting able to use advanced hydrodynamic modeling and to inject all available sources of observations including flood phenomena captures by citizens.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Multiple flood sources"
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Jiang, Xinyu. "A Methodology for Assessment of Spatial Distribution of Flood Risk." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/192220.
Full textBooks on the topic "Multiple flood sources"
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Carr, David M. The Formation of Genesis 1-11. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190062545.001.0001.
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There is general agreement that study of the formation of the Pentateuch is currently in disarray. This book turns to the Genesis Primeval History, Genesis 1–11, to offer models for the formation of Pentateuchal texts that might have traction within this fractious context. Building on two centuries of historical study of Genesis 1–11, this book provides new support for the older theory that the bulk of Genesis 1–11 was created out of a combination of two originally separate source strata: a Priestly source and an earlier non-Priestly source that was used to supplement the Priestly framework. Though this overall approach contradicts some recent attempts to replace such source models with theories of post-Priestly scribal expansion, the author of this volume does find evidence of multiple layers of scribal revision in the non-P and P sources: from the expansion of an early independent non-Priestly primeval history with a flood narrative and related materials through to a limited set of identifiable layers of Priestly material that culminate in the P-like redaction of the whole. Finally, the book synthesizes prior scholarship to show how both the P and non-Priestly strata of Genesis also emerged out of a complex interaction by Judean scribes with nonbiblical literary traditions, particularly with Mesopotamian textual traditions about primeval origins.
Book chapters on the topic "Multiple flood sources"
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Thorndahl, Søren, Damian Murla-Tuyls, Rasmus Vest Nielsen, Marc Schleiss, and Jonas Olsson. "Influence of Flood Water Contribution from Multiple Sources in Extreme Event Statistics of Urban Flooding." In New Trends in Urban Drainage Modelling. Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-99867-1_67.
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"Flood forecasting test based on multiple sources of rainfall data." In Modeling and Computation in Engineering III. CRC Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b17064-14.
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"Effects of Urbanization on Stream Ecosystems." In Effects of Urbanization on Stream Ecosystems, edited by Carmen A. Burton, Larry R. Brown, and Kenneth Belitz. American Fisheries Society, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9781888569735.ch15.
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<em>Abstract.</em>—The Santa Ana River basin is the largest stream system in Southern California and includes a densely populated coastal area. Extensive urbanization has altered the geomorphology and hydrology of the streams, adversely affecting aquatic communities. We studied macroinvertebrate and periphyton assemblages in relation to two categorical features of the highly engineered hydrologic system—water source and channel type. Four water sources were identified—natural, urban-impacted groundwater, urban runoff, and treated wastewater. Three channel types were identified—natural, channelized with natural bottom, and concrete-lined. Nineteen sites, covering the range of these two categorical features, were sampled in summer 2000. To minimize the effects of different substrate types among sites, artificial substrates were used for assessing macroinvertebrate and periphyton assemblages. Physical and chemical variables and metrics calculated from macroinvertebrate and periphyton assemblage data were compared among water sources and channel types using analysis of variance and multiple comparison tests. Macroinvertebrate metrics exhibiting significant (<EM>P </EM>< 0.05) differences between water sources included taxa and Ephemeroptera-Plecoptera-Trichoptera richness, relative richness and abundance of nonchironomid dipterans, orthoclads, oligochaetes, and some functional-feeding groups such as parasites and shredders. Periphyton metrics showing significant differences between water sources included blue-green algae biovolume and relative abundance of nitrogen heterotrophic, eutrophic, motile, and pollution-sensitive diatoms. The relative abundance of trichopterans, tanytarsini chironomids, noninsects, and filter feeders, as well as the relative richness and abundance of diatoms, were significantly different between channel types. Most physical variables were related to channel type, whereas chemical variables and some physical variables (e.g., discharge, velocity, and channel width) were related to water source. These associations were reflected in correlations between metrics, chemical variables, and physical variables. Significant improvements in the aquatic ecosystem of the Santa Ana River basin are possible with management actions such as conversion of concrete-lined channels to channelized streams with natural bottoms that can still maintain flood control to protect life and property.
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Carr, David M. "Precursors to the Flood Narrative (Gen 6:5–9:17)." In The Formation of Genesis 1-11. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190062545.003.0007.
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Contrary to some recent proposals that the (incomplete) non-P flood narrative was a scribal extension of the Priestly flood story, this chapter begins by assembling the multiple strong arguments that the non-P flood narrative, though incompletely preserved, originated as part of a separate, pre-Priestly literary source. Both the flood narrative in this pre-Priestly source and its originally separate Priestly counterpart appear to have been modeled on earlier Mesopotamian traditions about the flood and rescue of a flood hero (especially as seen in the Atrahasis epic and tablet 11 of the Gilgamesh epic), even as the P flood narrative also seems to have been influenced in some respects by its pre-Priestly flood counterpart. The present complex form of Genesis 6:5–9:17 in turn is the product of the conflation of the P flood narrative with most parts of the non-P flood narrative, with both elements expanded at points with post-P conflational additions that coordinated them. At the other end of the formation process, this chapter builds a case that the non-P flood narrative was not an original part of the non-P primeval history. Rather, it appears to have been crafted as a literary extension of that history, contrasting with and yet connecting with that history in multiple respects.
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Carr, David M. "The Priestly Primeval History and Conflation of P and Non-P." In The Formation of Genesis 1-11. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190062545.003.0010.
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This chapter surveys three main levels of Priestly or P-like composition in Genesis 1–11. It starts by reviewing the scope and possible date of the Toledot scroll discussed in chapter 4. The Priestly source built around this Toledot book source, preceding it with the Genesis 1 story of God’s creation of the cosmos and expanding it with a full flood narrative (rather than the likely brief mention of the flood in the Toledot book) and overview of post-flood peoples (Genesis 10*). The source then continued with new Priestly Abraham materials (e.g., Genesis 17) and multiple new Toledot of Abraham’s descendants leading up to Israel, which were then followed by a Priestly story of Moses, the Exodus, and the eventual construction of a wilderness Tabernacle in which God could dwell. At a later stage, the P and non-P materials were combined, using P as the basic superstructure for the primeval history and adding, at select points, elements that betray a particular affinity for Priestly concepts and/or ideology. In this sense, the conflation of P and non-P can be seen as a continuation of the Priestly composition process, creating a new, conflated narrative embracing non-P materials within a P framework.
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Hingston, Kylee-Anne. "Sensing Bodies: Negotiating the Body and Identity in Mary Elizabeth Braddon’s Aurora Floyd and Wilkie Collins’s The Moonstone." In Articulating Bodies. Liverpool University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/liverpool/9781789620757.003.0004.
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This chapter illustrates how mid-Victorian sensation fiction responds to anxieties exacerbated by nascent Victorian psychology’s attempt to map the self on the corporeal body. Examining the form and focalization of Mary Elizabeth Braddon’s Aurora Floyd (1862–63) and Wilkie Collins’s The Moonstone (1868), this chapter argues that bodies in sensation fiction function both as spectacle, exhibitions of physical instability, and as specimens, case studies on the source of identity. In Aurora Floyd, focalization through an authoritative external perspective provides ‘correct’ interpretations of bodies which have previously been misinterpreted by physiognomy, phrenology, and lineage. In particular, the narrator uses external focalization on disabled villains to manifest how identity appears in bodies and to place eugenic value on those with healthy bodies. By contrast, The Moonstone, lacking authoritative external focalization due to its multiple first-person narrators, uses plot to reveal misinterpretations of disabled bodies, in particular that of Rosanna Spearman. In addition, internally focalized interactions between normate narrators and disabled characters in the novel often cause the narrators to recognize the instability of their own identities and bodies, and thus of normalcy. However, the novel’s overall narrative structure works to control deviance through linearity, which imposes normalcy as a stable, final result.
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Kasuga, Shigeru, and Tadahiko Katsura. "Seismic Reflection and Refraction Methods." In Continental Shelf Limits. Oxford University Press, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195117820.003.0017.
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In order to establish the outer limit of the continental shelf, as defined by article 76 of the Convention (UNDOALOS, 1993), it is necessary for the coastal State to determine the foot of the slope and to know the thickness of the sediments beneath the ocean floor. Geophysical surveys, using seismic techniques, have been extensively used for mapping of subsurface geological structures. In seismic surveys, seismic waves are generated by near-surface artificial explosions at a series of sites; the resulting waves are then recorded digitally and as an analogue record. The regional geological structure and sediment thickness can then be deduced from analysis of the travel times of identifiable wave groups. This chapter briefly outlines the various seismic survey methods with special emphasis on seismic reflection and refraction surveys. It also discusses the most commonly used techniques for determining the subsurface structure, including determination of the velocities of sediments using seismic waves. Seismic reflection surveys have been extensively used for mapping structures in sedimentary sequences, especially as part of exploration programs for oil and gas. Two seismic reflection methods are widely used: singlechannel and multichannel seismic profiling systems. Although the former typically used an analogue recording system with a single receiver, digital recording is now commonly employed. The single-channel method is often employed during shallow reconnaissance exploration or in offshore engineering surveys because it is relatively cheap. But this advantage of the single-channel system is countered by the fact that the maximum depth of penetration of the single-channel system is rather shallow, and it usually does not give information on the deep geological structure or on the seismic velocity of the sedimentary layers. The multichannel method is characterized by digital recording and multiple receivers in a long multichannel streamer cable. Most marine seismic reflection profiling has now shifted from analogue recording of singlechannel data to digital recording of multichannel data, largely because digital recording and processing of large amounts of data improve the signal-to-noise ratio and provide high-quality seismic records. A data acquisition system for reflection profiling consists of three basic subsystems: the energy source, the receiving unit, and the digital recording system.
Conference papers on the topic "Multiple flood sources"
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Kwak, Young-Joo, Ramona Pelich, Jonggeol Park, and Wataru Takeuchi. "Improved Flood Mapping Based on the Fusion of Multiple Satellite Data Sources and In-Situ Data." In IGARSS 2018 - 2018 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium. IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2018.8517336.
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Trystuła, Agnieszka. "Concept of a Polish Database of a Multi-Dimensional Cadastral System with Particular Focus on Geo-Hazards." In Environmental Engineering. VGTU Technika, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/enviro.2017.247.
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The dynamic growth of contemporary cadastral systems depends on multiple factors, which include, e.g. economic policy of a given country and possibilities of implementing activities supporting innovation and transfer of new technologies. A modern cadastre should satisfy not only its leading functions, which include, e.g. fiscal, information, legal or record functions. It should also be oriented towards new challenges, including 3D geovisualisation, which will enable multidimensional visualisation of cadastral objects. New data visualisation methods will contribute to extending the existing functions of cadastral systems and to emergence of new functions, e.g. related to ensuring public safety as a basic aim of crisis management, being an important element of sustainable development. This paper presents a concept of a database of multidimensional cadastral system enabling, for instance, 3D visualisation of system objects, incorporating its known functions (e.g. fiscal, information or legal functions), and also a new purpose –support for crisis management. Additionally, the study indicates sources of data that should be used for this type of undertaking (e.g. flood hazard maps, maps of areas at risk of mass land movements, orthophotomaps).
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Ferris, Gerry, Patrick Grover, and Aron Zahradka. "Real Time Rainfall Monitoring for Pipeline Geohazards." In ASME-ARPEL 2021 International Pipeline Geotechnical Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipg2021-63162.
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Abstract Oil and gas pipelines are subjected to multiple types of geohazards which cause pipeline failures (loss of containment); two of the most common types occur at watercourse crossings and at landslides. At watercourse crossings, the most common geohazard which causes pipeline failures is flooding during which excessive scour may result in the exposure of the buried pipeline and if the exposure results in a free spanning pipeline, then this may fail due to fatigue caused by cyclic loading from vortex-induced vibration. Fortunately the free span length and water velocity combinations that lead to failure can be defined and can be used to identify the flood discharge that should be monitored for in order to trigger actions to manage the hazard and avoid failure. Most watercourse crossings in a pipeline network are on ungauged watercourses and necessitate the use of a proxy gauged watercourse. The “proxy” gauged watercourse is used to infer whether flooding is occurring on the ungauged crossing, and the owner can take appropriate actions. Often the proxy gauged watercourse is too far away or the watercourse may not be representative of the crossing of concern (e.g. large difference in the drainage areas). Real-time rainfall data can be used in conjunction with streamflow monitoring to determine when extreme precipitation has occurred within the ungauged watercourses catchment which may result in flooding. Where pipelines cross landslide prone areas, large scale movements can be initiated, or slow on-going movement rates increased when extreme rainfall occurs. The definition of the extreme rainfall event for slope sites is the key component of providing a suitable warning of potentially dangerous conditions; shallow slides can be caused by short term events from sub-hourly to 3 day duration precipitation events whereas large deep seated (creeping) landslides can be driven by annual and intra-annual rainfall amounts. Monitoring of real time rainfall can be used to determine when extreme rainfall occurs at a landslide site. The density of in-situ weather stations collecting real-time rainfall data prevents the application along remote sections of pipeline routes and within large sections of Canada. Gridded real time rainfall from quantitative precipitation estimations which integrate a multiple data sources including in-situ, numerical weather prediction, satellite and weather radar, can be used to overcome this problem and provide warnings when pre-determined rainfall thresholds are exceeded on a site-specific basis.
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FAGERT, JONATHON, MOSTAFA MIRSHEKARI, SHIJIA PAN, PEI ZHANG, and HAE YOUNG NOH. "Vibration Source Separation for Multiple People Gait Monitoring Using Footstep-Induced Floor Vibrations." In Structural Health Monitoring 2019. DEStech Publications, Inc., 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.12783/shm2019/32338.
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Mourtzis, Dimitris, Ekaterini Vlachou, Michael Doukas, Nikolaos Kanakis, Nikitas Xanthopoulos, and Angelos Koutoupes. "Cloud-Based Adaptive Shop-Floor Scheduling Considering Machine Tool Availability." In ASME 2015 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2015-53025.
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Short-term scheduling belongs to the typical decision-making problems in manufacturing that continue to draw attention from industry and academia due to its inherent difficulties. The trend of mass customization and the increasing product variety generate further uncertainties and turbulences on modern shop-floors, thus, making scheduling a challenging daily problem. These challenges dictate the need for replacing rigid centralized scheduling tools with adaptive and robust scheduling solutions. The integration between ICT based decision support tools in manufacturing can be further enhanced to achieve shop-floor awareness and a common information flow, which is necessary to improve decision-making. Towards this objective, advanced monitoring techniques consisting of smart sensor networks and seamless communication procedures can provide the required awareness to decision making process. Further to that, Cloud, as an emerging enabling technology, can support the integration among multiple IT tools and provide ubiquitous access to data. Cloud-based and resource-aware scheduling tools are therefore considered as enablers for increasing the adaptability and agility of a manufacturing system. The proposed research work, presents a cloud-based framework consisting of a monitoring service and a short-term scheduling application that aims to generate and dispatch feasible and highly-productive schedules in a timely manner. The short-term scheduling application is enriched with data obtained by the monitoring service and generates resource-aware schedules by considering not only machine tools suitability but also their imminent status and availability. The scheduling application utilizes an intelligent search algorithm, which allows the generation of alternative schedules and their evaluation though a set of multiple conflicting criteria including among others cost, time and quality. The produced schedules are assessed using a set of performance indicators of makespan and resource utilization. The monitoring service gathers data from two data sources, namely a multi-sensory system and the machine tool operator. Through an information fusion procedure, the monitoring service provides to the scheduling application the machine tools status as well as the machine tools available time windows. The sensory system is deployed on five axes work-centers to monitor the axis and spindle drives in near real-time. The human operator reports to the monitoring system the status of the machine tool, the currently running task, and the cutting-tool availability through mobile devices on the shop-floor. The information fusion technique, consisting of the Analytic Hierarchy Process and the Dempster’s Shafer theory of evidence, processes these heterogeneous information sources and derives the status of the machine tool and future availability windows. The proposed framework is applied and validated in a real-life case study obtained from a high precision mold-making industry.
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Cain, Stuart, Fariba Gartland, James Bleigh, Andrew Johansson, and David Schowalter. "Experimental ECCS Sump Strainer Head Loss Testing and the Incorporation of CFD Computed Source Terms for Pressurized Water Reactors." In 17th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone17-75164.
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High Energy Line Breaks (HELBs) inside nuclear reactor containment are recognized as challenges to Pressurized Water Reactor (PWR) and Boiling Water Reactor (BWR) nuclear power plants arising from the collateral damage due to insulation, fireproofing, coatings, and other miscellaneous materials which are shredded and transported during the event. These materials, as well as latent debris (dirt and dust) will be transported towards the containment floor and the recirculation sump screens by flow from both the HELB and the containment spray headers. This debris, if washed towards the recirculation pumps, could potentially impede the performance of the Emergency Core Cooling System (ECCS). To evaluate transport of material towards the sump and the potential for degradation in performance of the ECCS, Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) has been used to predict the volume of material transported to the sump screens [1]. This predicted volume is then used in full scale laboratory tests to determine head loss across the screen under design flow rates. The laboratory sump strainer tests employed a flume facility measuring 14 m by 3 m by 1.5 m tall with a 2.5 m by 3 m by 2 m deep pit at one end, which can accommodate multiple full scale strainer modules. Head loss performance of the modules under different insulation debris loading conditions was evaluated. The internal walls of the flume were adjusted to reproduce prototypical average approach flow velocity and velocity gradients such that the transport of insulation debris to the strainer modules was accurately represented. A three-port isokinetic sampling system was integrated into the downstream piping for measuring debris bypass. This paper will cover the sump screen head loss testing methodology, and the associated integration of the computational results for the source terms.
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Rajabhandharaks, Danop, Robert T. McDonald, Michael A. Neumann, and Christopher A. Kitts. "Indoor Testbed for Vector Field Multirobot Adaptive Navigation: Feasibility Study." In ASME 2019 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2019-97974.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Multirobot adaptive navigation maneuvers a multi-vehicle system based on characteristics of the environment to autonomously localize features of interest. This navigation method can be more time and energy efficient than conventional navigation methods. Most work in this area explores scalar fields, where a single characteristic value is associated with every point in the environment. This work is an initial testbed exploration of adaptive navigation for vector fields, where every point in the environment is associated with a multi-parameter value. A vector field can represent a single physical quantity such as water/air flow or multiple simultaneous and collocated scalar quantities such as temperature and gas concentration. The contribution of this work is the extension of an existing adaptive navigation testbed to support vector field representations, navigation, and further research. Vector fields are generated using a large-format printer to print 8-bit colored floor mats. Mobile robots, equipped with RGB sensors, sense the color and, through calibration, estimate the underlying vector field. This paper will walk through our process of generating vector fields and a calibration method to be used for adaptive navigation. Successful results from two adaptive navigation experiments are shown in the paper: finding a source with a single robot and using a two-robot formation to straddle a crest of high velocity flow in a vector field.
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Schulz, Terry L., Timothy S. Andreychek, Yong J. Song, and Kevin F. McNamee. "Westinghouse AP1000 Solution to Long-Term Cooling Debris Concerns." In 17th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone17-76026.
Full textAbstract:
The AP1000 is a pressurized water reactor with passive safety features and extensive plant simplifications that provides significant and measurable improvements in safety, construction, reliability, operation, maintenance and costs. The design of the AP1000 incorporates a standard approach, which results in a plant design that can be constructed in multiple geographical regions with varying regulatory standards and expectations. The AP1000 uses proven technology, which builds on more than 2,500 reactor years of highly successful Westinghouse PWR operation. The AP1000 received Final Design Approval by the Nuclear Regulatory Commission in September 2004. The AP1000 Nuclear Power Plant uses natural recirculation of coolant to cool the core following a postulated Loss Of Coolant Accident (LOCA). Recirculation screens are provided in strategic areas of the plant to remove debris that might migrate with the water in containment and adversely affect core cooling. The approach used to avoid the potential for debris to plug the AP1000 recirculation screens is consistent with the guidance identified in Regulatory Guide 1.82 Revision 3, the Pressurized Water Reactor (PWR) Industry Guidance of NEI 04–07, and the Nuclear Regulatory Commission’s Safety Evaluation on NEI 04–07. Various contributors to screen plugging were considered, including debris that could be produced by a LOCA, resident containment debris and post accident chemical products that might be generated in the coolant pool that forms on the containment floor post-accident. The solution developed for AP1000 includes three major aspects, including the elimination of debris sources by design, features that prevent transportation of debris to the screens and the use of large advanced screen designs. Measures were taken to design out debris sources including fibers, particles and chemicals. Available industry data from walkdowns in existing plants is used to determine the characteristics and amounts of the fibrous and particulate debris that could exist in containment prior to the LOCA. Materials used in the AP1000 containment are selected to eliminate post accident chemical debris generation. Large, advanced screen designs that can tolerate significant quantities of debris have been incorporated. Testing has been performed which demonstrates that the AP1000 screens will have essentially no head loss considering the debris that could be transported to them. Testing has also been performed on an AP1000 fuel assembly that demonstrates that it will also have essentially no head loss considering the debris that could be transported to it.
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Toulouse, Michael M., David Lettieri, Van P. Carey, and Cullen E. Bash. "Experimental Validation of the COMPACT Code in Data Centers." In ASME 2010 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2010-40210.
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This paper summarizes the comparison of predictions by a compact model of air flow and transport in data centers to temperature measurements of an operational data center. The simplified model and code package, referred to as COMPACT (Compact Model of Potential Flow and Convective Transport), is intended as an alternative to the use of time-intensive full CFD thermofluidic models as a first-order design tool, as well as a potential improvement to plant-based controllers. COMPACT is based on potential flow and combined with an application of convective energy equations, using sparse matrix solvers to seek flow and temperature solutions. Full-room solutions can be generated in 15 seconds on a commercially available laptop, and an accompanying graphical user interface has also been developed to allow quick configuration of data center designs and analysis of flow and temperature results. Experiments for validation of the model were conducted at the HP Labs data center in Palo Alto, CA, which is in a traditional configuration consisting of inlet floor tiles feeding cold air between two rows of multiple server racks. Subsequently, air exits either through ceiling tiles or direct room-return to CRAC units located on the side of the room. Temperatures were recorded at multiple points along entering and exiting flow faces within the room, as well as at various points in cold and hot aisles, and are presented and compared to model predictions to assess their accuracy. Areas of greater and lesser accuracy are analyzed and presented, in addition to conclusions as to the strengths and weaknesses of the model. For some cases, the average predicted temperature along in-flowing rack faces was within one degree of the average measured temperature. However, the differences in temperature are not evenly distributed. The most pronounced variations between the model and room measurements were located in areas above server racks where recirculation was shown to most likely occur. In these areas, the predicted temperature was higher than experimental values; this can likely be attributed to the absence of buoyancy effects in the simplified potential flow model. Adaptations of the model and its configuration standards for more accurate temperature distributions are proposed, as well as investigations into the effect on temperature comparisons to idealized model output by unaccounted heat sources or flow phenomena.
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DiFiore, Amanda M., Abdullatif K. Zaouk, Neil J. Mansfield, and S. K. John Punwani. "Whole-Body Vibration in Locomotive Cabs." In ASME 2011 Rail Transportation Division Fall Technical Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/rtdf2011-67016.
Full textAbstract:
Locomotives produce vibrations and mechanical shocks from irregularities in the track, structural dynamics, the engines, the trucks, and train slack movement (Mansfield, 2005). The different directions of the irregularities give rise to car-body vibrations in multiple axes including the following: • Longitudinal, or along the length of the train (x); • Lateral, or the side-to-side direction of the train (y); • Vertical (z). Some reports suggest that acceleration at the seat pan is greater than that at the floor, indicating that the seat may amplify the vibration (Johanning, et al., 2006; Mansfield, 2005; Oborne & Clarke, 1974; Transport, 1980). The magnitude of vertical vibration in rail vehicles is reportedly well below many other types of vehicles (Dupuis & Zerlett, 1986; Griffin, 1990; Johanning, 1998). However, some research reports that rail vehicles experience far more lateral vibratory motion than cars and trucks (Lundstrom & Lindberg, 1983). Many factors influence the impact of shock felt by the engineer including train speed, consist, engineer control skills, anticipation of the shock, motion amplitude, shock duration, and body posture. Shock events and vibration affect ride quality; however, shocks are less controllable by locomotive design. Common sources of mechanical shock are coupling and slack run-ins and run-outs (Multer, et al., 1998). While there are investigations of whole-body vibration (WBV) in locomotive cabs reported in the literature, there have been no studies to date that have examined long-haul continuous vibrations (> 16 hr). The authors describe a long-haul WBV study collected on a 2007 GE ES44DC locomotive. It is the first in a series of studies sponsored by the Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) to examine WBV and shock in locomotive cabs. The researchers recorded vibration data using 2 triaxial accelerometers on the engineers’ seat: a seat pad accelerometer placed on the seat cushion and a frame accelerometer attached to the seat frame at the base. Data collection occurred over 550 track miles for 16hr 44min. ISO 2631-1 defines methods for the measurement of periodic, random and transient WBV. The focus of ISO 2631-5 is to evaluate the exposure of a seated person to multiple mechanical shocks from seat pad measurements. The research team collected and analyzed vibrations in accordance with ISO 2631-1 and ISO 2631-5. The results from the study as well as future planned long-haul studies will provide a benchmark set of WBV metrics that define the vibration environment of present-day locomotive operations.