Academic literature on the topic 'Multiple foundations system'
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Journal articles on the topic "Multiple foundations system"
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Naghibi, Farzaneh, and Gordon A. Fenton. "Target geotechnical reliability for redundant foundation systems." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 54, no. 7 (July 2017): 945–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cgj-2016-0478.
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Geotechnical support systems (e.g., deep and shallow foundations) generally involve at least some redundancy. For example, if a building is supported by np separate foundations, then failure (e.g., excessive settlement) of a single foundation will generally not result in failure of the building if the building is able to shed the load from the failed foundation to adjacent foundations. This load-shedding ability lends the foundation system redundancy — system failure only occurs if multiple foundations fail. This paper investigates the relationship between the level of geotechnical redundancy, individual foundation reliability, and system reliability for deep foundations (piles). In the particular case where the pile resistance remains constant after achieving its ultimate capacity (at a certain displacement), the relationship between individual and system reliabilities is computed theoretically. The more general case, where the load carried by the pile reduces after exceeding its ultimate capacity, is investigated by Monte Carlo simulation. Charts relating system and individual reliability indices are presented, which can be used to aid in the design of individual piles as part of a pile support system.
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Tsai, C. S., Bo-Jen Chen, W. S. Pong, and Tsu-Cheng Chiang. "Interactive Behavior of Structures with Multiple Friction Pendulum Isolation System and Unbounded Foundations." Advances in Structural Engineering 7, no. 6 (December 2004): 539–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1260/1369433042863189.
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Kannan, Hanumanthrao, Garima V. Bhatia, Bryan L. Mesmer, and Benjamin Jantzen. "Theoretical Foundations for Preference Representation in Systems Engineering." Systems 7, no. 4 (December 12, 2019): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/systems7040055.
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The realization of large-scale complex engineered systems is contingent upon satisfaction of the preferences of the stakeholder. With numerous decisions being involved in all the aspects of the system lifecycle, from conception to disposal, it is critical to have an explicit and rigorous representation of stakeholder preferences to be communicated to key personnel in the organizational hierarchy. Past work on stakeholder preference representation and communication in systems engineering has been primarily requirement-driven. More recent value-based approaches still do not offer a rigorous framework on how to represent stakeholder preferences but assume that an overarching value function that can precisely capture stakeholder preferences exists. This article provides a formalism based on modal preference logic to aid in rigorous representation and communication of stakeholder preferences. Formal definitions for the different types of stakeholder preferences encountered in a systems engineering context are provided in addition to multiple theorems that improve the understanding of the relationship between stakeholder preferences and the solution space.
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Moshkovich, Helen M., and Alexander I. Mechitov. "Verbal Decision Analysis: Foundations and Trends." Advances in Decision Sciences 2013 (October 27, 2013): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/697072.
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The primary goal of research in multiple criteria decision analysis is to develop tools to help people make more reasonable decisions. In many cases, the development of such tools requires the combination of knowledge derived from such areas as applied mathematics, cognitive psychology, and organizational behavior. Verbal Decision Analysis (VDA) is an example of such a combination. It is based on valid mathematical principles, takes into account peculiarities of human information processing system, and fits the decision process into existing organizational environments. The basic underpinnings of Verbal Decision Analysis are demonstrated by early VDA methods, such as ZAPROS and ORCLASS. New trends in their later modifications are discussed. Published applications of VDA methods are presented to support the findings.
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De Bari, Benjamin, Alexandra Paxton, Dilip K. Kondepudi, Bruce A. Kay, and James A. Dixon. "Functional Interdependence in Coupled Dissipative Structures: Physical Foundations of Biological Coordination." Entropy 23, no. 5 (May 15, 2021): 614. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e23050614.
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Coordination within and between organisms is one of the most complex abilities of living systems, requiring the concerted regulation of many physiological constituents, and this complexity can be particularly difficult to explain by appealing to physics. A valuable framework for understanding biological coordination is the coordinative structure, a self-organized assembly of physiological elements that collectively performs a specific function. Coordinative structures are characterized by three properties: (1) multiple coupled components, (2) soft-assembly, and (3) functional organization. Coordinative structures have been hypothesized to be specific instantiations of dissipative structures, non-equilibrium, self-organized, physical systems exhibiting complex pattern formation in structure and behaviors. We pursued this hypothesis by testing for these three properties of coordinative structures in an electrically-driven dissipative structure. Our system demonstrates dynamic reorganization in response to functional perturbation, a behavior of coordinative structures called reciprocal compensation. Reciprocal compensation is corroborated by a dynamical systems model of the underlying physics. This coordinated activity of the system appears to derive from the system’s intrinsic end-directed behavior to maximize the rate of entropy production. The paper includes three primary components: (1) empirical data on emergent coordinated phenomena in a physical system, (2) computational simulations of this physical system, and (3) theoretical evaluation of the empirical and simulated results in the context of physics and the life sciences. This study reveals similarities between an electrically-driven dissipative structure that exhibits end-directed behavior and the goal-oriented behaviors of more complex living systems.
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Solomon, Nancy G., Brian Keane, Lana R. Knoch, and Paula J. Hogan. "Multiple paternity in socially monogamous prairie voles (Microtus ochrogaster)." Canadian Journal of Zoology 82, no. 10 (October 1, 2004): 1667–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z04-142.
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Prairie voles (Microtus ochrogaster (Wagner, 1842)) exhibit behavioral, morphological, and neuroendocrinological traits associated with monogamy and are considered a model system to examine the biological foundations of monogamy in mammals. We examined allelic polymorphism at microsatellite loci to assess mating exclusivity in wild prairie voles sampled in east-central Illinois and found evidence of multiple paternity in five of nine litters (56%) analyzed. Thus, a female in this socially monogamous mammal with extensive mechanisms for pair bonding does not always mate solely with its partner and raises the paradox of why some pair-bonded females mate multiply.
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Flack, Jessica C. "Multiple time-scales and the developmental dynamics of social systems." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 367, no. 1597 (July 5, 2012): 1802–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2011.0214.
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To build a theory of social complexity, we need to understand how aggregate social properties arise from individual interaction rules. Here, I review a body of work on the developmental dynamics of pigtailed macaque social organization and conflict management that provides insight into the mechanistic causes of multi-scale social systems. In this model system coarse-grained, statistical representations of collective dynamics are more predictive of the future state of the system than the constantly in-flux behavioural patterns at the individual level. The data suggest that individuals can perceive and use these representations for strategical decision-making. As an interaction history accumulates the coarse-grained representations consolidate. This constrains individual behaviour and provides the foundations for new levels of organization. The time-scales on which these representations change impact whether the consolidating higher-levels can be modified by individuals and collectively. The time-scales appear to be a function of the ‘coarseness’ of the representations and the character of the collective dynamics over which they are averages. The data suggest that an advantage of multiple timescales is that they allow social systems to balance tradeoffs between predictability and adaptability. I briefly discuss the implications of these findings for cognition, social niche construction and the evolution of new levels of organization in biological systems.
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Saadatnia, Zia, Hassan Askari, and Ebrahim Esmailzadeh. "Multi-frequency excitation of microbeams supported by Winkler and Pasternak foundations." Journal of Vibration and Control 24, no. 13 (March 1, 2017): 2894–911. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077546317695463.
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The multi-frequency excitation of a microbeam, resting on a nonlinear foundation, is investigated and the governing equation of motion of the microbeam system is developed. The viscoelastic-type foundation is considered by assuming nonlinear parameters for both Pasternak and Winkler coefficients. The well-known Galerkin approach is utilized to discretize the governing equation of motion and to obtain its nonlinear ordinary differential equations. The multiple time-scales method is employed to study the multi-frequency excitation of the microbeam. Furthermore, the resonant conditions due to the external excitation as well as the combination resonances for the first two modes are investigated. The influences of different parameters, namely the Pasternak and Winkler coefficients, the position of the applied force and the geometrical factors on the frequency response of the system are examined.
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Ward, Robert, Payam Soulatiantork, Shaun Finneran, Ruby Hughes, and Ashutosh Tiwari. "Real-time vision-based multiple object tracking of a production process: Industrial digital twin case study." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture 235, no. 11 (March 12, 2021): 1861–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/09544054211002464.
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The adoption of Industry 4.0 technologies within the manufacturing and process industries is widely accepted to have benefits for production cycles, increase system flexibility and give production managers more options on the production line through reconfigurable systems. A key enabler in Industry 4.0 technology is the rise in Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) and Digital Twins (DTs). Both technologies connect the physical to the cyber world in order to generate smart manufacturing capabilities. State of the art research accurately describes the frameworks, challenges and advantages surrounding these technologies but fails to deliver on testbeds and case studies that can be used for development and validation. This research demonstrates a novel proof of concept Industry 4.0 production system which lays the foundations for future research in DT technologies, process optimisation and manufacturing data analytics. Using a connected system of commercial off-the-shelf cameras to retrofit a standard programmable logic controlled production process, a digital simulation is updated in real time to create the DT. The system can identify and accurately track the product through the production cycle whilst updating the DT in real-time. The implemented system is a lightweight, low cost, customable and scalable design solution which provides a testbed for practical Industry 4.0 research both for academic and industrial research purposes.
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Beran, Tomas, Lee Danisch, Adam Chrzanowski, and Maciej Bazanowski. "Measurement of Deformations by MEMS Arrays, Verified at Sub-millimetre Level Using Robotic Total Stations." Geoinformatics FCE CTU 12 (June 3, 2014): 34–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.14311/gi.12.6.
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Measurement of sub-millimetre-level deformations of structures in the presence of ambient temperature changes can be challenging. This paper describes the measurement of a structure moving due to temperature changes, using two ShapeAccelArray (SAA) instruments, and verified by a geodetic monitoring system. SAA is a geotechnical instrument often used for monitoring of displacements in soil. SAA uses micro-electromechanical system (MEMS) sensors to measure tilt in the gravity field. The geodetic monitoring system, which uses ALERT software, senses the displacements of targets relative to control points, using a robotic total station (RTS). The test setup consists of a central four-metre free-standing steel tube with other steel tubes welded to most of its length. The central tube is anchored in a concrete foundation. This composite “pole” is equipped with two SAAs as well as three geodetic prisms mounted on the top, in the middle, and in the foundation. The geodetic system uses multiple control targets mounted in concrete foundations of nearby buildings, and at the base of the pole. Long-term observations using two SAAs indicate that the pole is subject to deformations due to cyclical ambient temperature variations causing the pole to move by a few millimetres each day. In a multiple-day experiment, it was possible to track this movement using SAA as well as the RTS system. This paper presents data comparing the measurements of the two instruments and provides a good example of the detection of two-dimensional movements of seemingly rigid objects due to temperature changes.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Multiple foundations system"
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Wenzel, Moritz. "Development of a Metamaterial-Based Foundation System for the Seismic Protection of Fuel Storage Tanks." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trento, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11572/256685.
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Metamaterials are typically described as materials with ’unusual’ wave propagation properties. Originally developed for electromagnetic waves, these materials have also spread into the field of acoustic wave guiding and cloaking, with the most relevant of these ’unusual’ properties, being the so called band-gap phenomenon. A band-gap signifies a frequency region where elastic waves cannot propagate through the material, which in principle, could be used to protect buildings from earthquakes. Based on this, two relevant concepts have been proposed in the field of seismic engineering, namely: metabarriers, and metamaterial-based foundations.
This thesis deals with the development of the Metafoundation, a metamaterial-based foundation system for the seismic protection of fuel storage tanks against excessive base shear and pipeline rupture. Note that storage tanks have proven to be highly sensitive to earthquakes, can trigger sever economic and environmental consequences in case of failure and were therefore chosen as a superstructure for this study. Furthermore, when tanks are protected with traditional base isolation systems, the resulting horizontal displacements, during seismic action, may become excessively large and subsequently damage connected pipelines. A novel system to protect both, tank and pipeline, could significantly augment the overall safety of industrial plants.
With the tank as the primary structure of interest in mind, the Metafoundation was conceived as a locally resonant metamaterial with a band gap encompassing the tanks critical eigenfrequency. The initial design comprised a continuous concrete matrix with embedded resonators and rubber inclusions, which was later reinvented to be a column based structure with steel springs for resonator suspension. After investigating the band-gap phenomenon, a parametric study of the system specifications showed that the horizontal stiffness of the overall foundation is crucial to its functionality, while the superstructure turned out to be non-negligible when tuning the resonators.
Furthermore, storage tanks are commonly connected to pipeline system, which can be damaged by the interaction between tank and pipeline during seismic events. Due to the complex and nonlinear response of pipeline systems, the coupled tank-pipeline behaviour becomes increasingly difficult to represent through numerical models, which lead to the experimental study of a foundation-tank-pipeline setup. Under the aid of a hybrid simulation, only the pipeline needed to be represented via a physical substructure, while both tank and Metafoundation were modelled as numerical substrucutres and coupled to the pipeline. The results showed that the foundation can effectively reduce the stresses in the tank and, at the same time, limit the displacements imposed on the pipeline.
Leading up on this, an optimization algorithm was developed in the frequency domain, under the consideration of superstructure and ground motion spectrum. The advantages of optimizing in the frequency domain were on the one hand the reduction of computational effort, and on the other hand the consideration of the stochastic nature of the earthquake. Based on this, two different performance indices, investigating interstory drifts and energy dissipation, revealed that neither superstructure nor ground motion can be disregarded when designing a metamaterial-based foundation. Moreover, a 4 m tall optimized foundation, designed to remain elastic when verified with a response spectrum analysis at a return period of 2475 years (according to NTC 2018), reduced the tanks base shear on average by 30%. These results indicated that the foundation was feasible and functional in terms of construction practices and dynamic response, yet unpractical from an economic point of view.
In order to tackle the issue of reducing the uneconomic system size, a negative stiffness mechanism was invented and implemented into the foundation as a periodic structure. This mechanism, based on a local instability, amplified the metamaterial like properties and thereby enhanced the overall system performance. Note that due to the considered instability, the device exerted a nonlinear force-displacement relationship, which had the interesting effect of reducing the band-gap instead of increasing it. Furthermore, time history analyses demonstrated that with 50% of the maximum admissible negative stiffness, the foundation could be reduced to 1/3 of its original size, while maintaining its performance.
Last but not least, a study on wire ropes as resonator suspension was conducted. Their nonlinear behaviour was approximated with the Bouc Wen model, subsequently linearized by means of stochastic techniques and finally optimized with the algorithm developed earlier. The conclusion was that wire ropes could be used as a more realistic suspension mechanism, while maintaining the high damping values required by the optimized foundation layouts.
In sum, a metamaterial-based foundation system is developed and studied herein, with the main findings being: (i) a structure of this type is feasible under common construction practices; (ii) the shear stiffness of the system has a fundamental impact on its functionality; (iii) the superstructure cannot be neglected when studying metamaterial-based foundations; (iv) the complete coupled system can be tuned with an optimization algorithm based on calculations in the frequency domain; (v) an experimental study suggests that the system could be advantageous to connected pipelines; (vi) wire ropes may serve as resonator suspension; and (vii) a novel negative stiffness mechanism can effectively improve the system performance.
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Silva, Gabriel Gomes. "Estudo de vibrações induzidas por linhas férreas." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2017. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/7332.
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Goiás - FAPEG
Vibrations in the soil, induced by the passage of trains on railways, can cause countless effects in the areas bordering the railroads. In most problems, resort to simplified models of the system of interaction between rails foundation and trains for predicting responses that meet certain expectations, especially in order to avoid damaging nearby structures and also avoid discomfort of the people residing in areas surrounding the railway lines. Several soil-foundation interaction models have been developed seeking to get the answer to a foundation when subjected to static and dynamic actions, however, this response depends on multiple factors such as the nature and the mechanical characteristics of the terrain, the geometry of the elements involved, the rigidity of the foundation and the nature of his own excitement. Also of great importance in this type of analysis is the use of optimization techniques in order to obtain projects that are more realistic and safe from an engineering point of view. In this paper, was proposed a study of the effect of vibrations on railway lines, where it aims to model a system coupled between foundations and rails, subject to dynamic actions, in order to simulate the displacement in the time domain and in the domain of the frequency, using optimization for the construction of an optimum design that can attenuate the amplitudes of vibration of the system.
Vibrações transmitidas no solo, induzidas pela passagem de trens sobre vias férreas podem causar inúmeros efeitos nas áreas próximas às ferrovias. Na maioria dos problemas, recorre-se a modelos simplificados do sistema de interação entre trens, trilhos e fundação para a previsão de respostas que atendam a certas expectativas, principalmente, de modo a não danificar estruturas próximas e também evitar desconforto das pessoas que residem em áreas circunvizinhas a linhas férreas. Vários modelos de interação solo-fundação já foram desenvolvidos buscando-se obter a resposta de uma fundação quando sujeita a ações estáticas e dinâmicas, porém, essa resposta depende de múltiplos fatores, como a natureza e as características mecânicas do terreno, a geometria dos elementos envolvidos, a rigidez da fundação e, ainda, a natureza da própria excitação. Também é de grande importância neste tipo de análise, a utilização de técnicas de otimização visando obter projetos mais realistas e seguros do ponto de vista de engenharia. Neste trabalho, propõe-se um estudo acerca do efeito de vibrações em linhas férreas, onde se tem por objetivo modelar um sistema acoplado entre fundações e trilhos, sujeitos a ações dinâmicas, de maneira a simular o deslocamento no domínio do tempo e no domínio da frequência, utilizando-se de otimização para a construção de um projeto ótimo que possa atenuar as amplitudes de vibração do sistema.
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Leachko, Kelsey. "The Implementation of PEAK Relational Training System in a Special Education Classroom." Otterbein University / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=otbn1598463691915892.
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Gibson, Elizabeth Carole. "A Measurement System for Science and Engineering Research Center Performance Evaluation." PDXScholar, 2016. http://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/3285.
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This research provides performance metrics for cooperative research centers that enhance translational research formed by the partnership of government, industry and academia. Centers are part of complex ecosystems that vary greatly in the type of science conducted, organizational structures and expected outcomes. The ability to realize their objectives depends on transparent measurement systems to assist in decision making in research translation.
A generalizable, hierarchical decision model that uses both quantitative and qualitative metrics is developed based upon program goals. Mission-oriented metrics are used to compare the effectiveness of the cooperative research centers through case studies.
The US National Science Foundation (NSF) industry university cooperative research center (IUCRC) program is the domain of organizational effectiveness because of its longevity, clear organizational structure, repeated use and availability of data. Not unlike a franchise business model, the program has been replicated numerous times gaining recognition as one of the most successful federally funded collaborative research center (CRC) programs. Understanding IUCRCs is important because they are a key US policy lever for enhancing translational research. While the program model is somewhat unique, the research project begins to close the gap for comparing CRCs by introducing a generalizable model and method into the literature stream.
Through a literature review, program objectives, goals, and outputs are linked together to construct a four-level hierarchical decision model (HDM). A structured model development process shows how experts validate the content and construct of the model using these linked concepts.
A subjective data collection approach is discussed showing how collection, analysis and quantification of expert pair-wise-comparison data is used to establish weights for each of the decision criteria. Several methods are discussed showing how inconsistency and disagreement are measured and analyzed until acceptable levels are reached.
Six case studies are used to compare results, evaluate the impact of expert disagreement and conduct criterion-related validity. Comparative analysis demonstrates the ability of the model to efficiently ascertain criteria that are relatively more important towards each center's performance score. Applying this information, specific performance improvement recommendations for each center are presented.
Upon review, experts generally agreed with the results. Criterion-related validity discusses how the performance measurement scoring system can be used for comparative analysis among science and engineering focused research centers. Dendrograms highlight where experts disagree and provide a method for further disagreement analysis. Judgment quantification values for different expert clusters are substituted into the model one-at-a-time (OAT) providing a method to analyze how changes in decisions based on these disagreements impact the results of the model's output. This research project contributes to the field by introducing a generalizable model and measurement system that compares performance of NSF supported science and engineering focused research centers.
Books on the topic "Multiple foundations system"
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Biglieri, Ezio. Transmission and reception with multiple antennas: Theoretical foundations. Hanover, MA: Now, 2004.
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The foundations of the digital wireless world: Selected works of A J Viterbi. Hackensack, NJ: World Scientific, 2010.
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Chang, Hasok. Epistemic iteration and natural kinds: Realism and pluralism in taxonomy. Edited by Kenneth S. Kendler and Josef Parnas. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198796022.003.0029.
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Psychiatry can benefit from methods of handling the challenge of evolving and shifting taxonomy that have been effective in other areas. Epistemic iteration creates successive stages of knowledge in order to attain certain goals. Inquiry can begin in the absence of assured foundations, using the results to correct and refine its starting point. If the iterative process converges, the pattern may be regarded as cumulative progress. But what if convergence is to a “local minimum, ” not to the best answer? I propose that all local minima should be appreciated as achievements with realist significance. A field like medicine or social care seems to require a unified taxonomic framework for the effective coordination of action, so it may be best to maintain one system as the official framework for action while fostering research in multiple systems, until another system shows itself to be clearly superior to the official one.
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Drutman, Lee. Breaking the Two-Party Doom Loop. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190913854.001.0001.
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This book argues that the United States now has, for the first time in American history, a genuine two-party system, with two fully-sorted, truly national parties, divided over the character of the nation. And it is a disaster. It is a party system fundamentally at odds with our anti-majoritarian, compromise-oriented governing institutions. It threatens the very foundations of fairness and shared values on which democracy in the United States depends. The book tells the story of how American politics became so toxic and why the country is now trapped in a doom loop of escalating two-party warfare from which there is only one escape: increase the number of parties through electoral reform. As it shows, American politics was once stable because the two parties held within them multiple factions, which made it possible to assemble flexible majorities and kept the climate of political combat from overheating. But as conservative Southern Democrats and liberal Northeastern Republicans disappeared, partisan conflict flattened and pulled apart. Once the parties became fully nationalized—a long-germinating process that culminated in 2010—toxic partisanship took over completely. With the two parties divided over competing visions of national identity, Democrats and Republicans no longer see each other as opponents, but as enemies. And the more the conflict escalates, the shakier America’s democracy feels.
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Allen-Meares, Paula, Tina R. Shanks, Larry M. Gant, Leslie Hollingsworth, and Patricia L. Miller. A Twenty-First Century Approach to Community Change. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190463311.001.0001.
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Urban renewal has been the dominant approach to revitalizing industrialized communities that fall into decline. Detroit, with its vast majority Black population and struggling auto industry, encountered such decline. The Skillman Foundation sought to engage in a joint effort to bring Detroit back to its position of strength. With its mission of enhancing the development and well-being of children, Skillman entered partnerships with six Detroit neighborhoods with the largest concentrations of children whose well-being and development was at risk. The Foundation solicited the technical assistance of the University of Michigan School of Social Work. This book introduces readers to the environment within which the work of technical assistance began. The work is placed within a theoretical and practice context. This includes conducting needs assessments at multiple levels, engaging community members in identifying strategies for problem-solving, assistance in developing community goals for immediate and long-term success, and implementing social work field instruction opportunities. Lessons learned and challenges are described as they played out in the process of creating partnerships for the Foundation with community leaders, engaging and maintaining youth involvement, managing roles and relationships with multiple partners recruited by the Foundation for their specialized expertise, and conducting the work of technical assistance within a context of increasing influence of the city’s surrounding systems (political, economic, educational, and social). Readers will note the role of technical assistance in an evolving theory of change. Case vignettes, case-based discussion questions, and additional resources in each chapter provide an excellent opportunity for classroom use.
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Shah, Bimal. The Daily Happiness Multiplier: Step by Step Systems for Using Happiness as a Foundation to Achieve What You Want in Life. Morgan James Publishing, 2015.
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Data Access, Consumer Interests and Public Welfare. Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/9783748924999.
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Data are considered to be key for the functioning of the data economy as well as for pursuing multiple public interest concerns. Against this backdrop this book strives to device new data access rules for future legislation. To do so, the contributions first explain the justification for such rules from an economic and more general policy perspective. Then, building on the constitutional foundations and existing access regimes, they explore the potential of various fields of the law (competition and contract law, data protection and consumer law, sector-specific regulation) as a basis for the future legal framework. The book also addresses the need to coordinate data access rules with intellectual property rights and to integrate these rules as one of multiple measures in larger data governance systems. Finally, the book discusses the enforcement of the Government’s interest in using privately held data as well as potential data access rights of the users of connected devices.
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Rousseau, Guy. Purinergic nerves. Edited by Paul Farquhar-Smith, Pierre Beaulieu, and Sian Jagger. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198834359.003.0009.
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It was in 1972 that Burnstock laid the foundation of a new nerve type that he called ‘purinergic nerves’. In this article, he presented experimental data using five criteria to establish that adenosine triphosphate can be considered to be a neurotransmitter, including (1) the release of a purinergic molecule from terminal axons, (2) the structures of purinergic nerves, (3) the electrophysiological properties of purinergic transmission, (4) the pharmacology of adenyl compounds and purinergic transmission, and (5) the distribution and evolution of the purinergic nerves. However, in spite of convincing data, it took more than 20 years for the scientific community to accept this hypothesis. Since then, it has been recognized that the purinergic system is involved in multiple short-term actions such as cell proliferation and pain.
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Huffaker, Ray, Marco Bittelli, and Rodolfo Rosa. Linear and Nonlinear Dynamic Behaviour. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198782933.003.0002.
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In this chapter, we describe how highly erratic dynamic behavior can arise from a nonlinear logistic map, and how this apparently random behavior is governed by a surprising order. With this lesson in mind, we should not be overly surprised that highly erratic and random appearing observed data might also be generated by parsimonious deterministic dynamic systems. At a minimum, we contend that researchers should apply NLTS to test for this possibility. We also introduced tools to analyze dynamic behavior that form the foundation for NLTS. In particular, we have stressed the quite unexpected capability to achieve some form of predictability even with only one trajectory at hand. In subsequent chapters, we treat known nonlinear dynamical systems as unknown, and investigate how NLTS methods rely on a single solution (or multiple solutions) generated by them to reconstruct equivalent systems. This is a conventional approach in the literature for seeing how NLTS methods work since we know what needs to be reconstructed.
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Arnold, Monica M., Lauren M. Burgeno, and Paul E. M. Phillips. Fast-Scan Cyclic Voltammetry in Behaving Animals. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199939800.003.0005.
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Gaining insight into the mechanisms by which neural transmission governs behavior remains a central goal of behavioral neuroscience. Multiple applications exist for monitoring neurotransmission during behavior, including fast-scan cyclic voltammetry (FSCV). This technique is an electrochemical detection method that can be used to monitor subsecond changes in concentrations of electroactive molecules such as neurotransmitters. In this technique, a triangular waveform voltage is applied to a carbon fiber electrode implanted into a selected brain region. During each waveform application, specific molecules in the vicinity of the electrode will undergo electrolysis and produce a current, which can be detected by the electrode. In order to monitor subsecond changes in neurotransmitter release, waveform application is repeated every 100 ms, yielding a 10 Hz sampling rate. This chapter describes the fundamental principles behind FSCV and the basic instrumentation required, using as an example system the detection of in vivo phasic dopamine changes in freely-moving animals over the course of long-term experiments. We explain step-by-step, how to construct and surgically implant a carbon fiber electrode that can readily detect phasic neurotransmitter fluctuations and that remains sensitive over multiple recordings across months. Also included are the basic steps for recording FSCV during behavioral experiments and how to process voltammetric data in which signaling is time-locked to behavioral events of interest. Together, information in this chapter provides a foundation of FSCV theory and practice that can be applied to the assembly of an FSCV system and execution of in vivo experiments.
Book chapters on the topic "Multiple foundations system"
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Shi, Shu Gang. "Multiple Query Processing in Local Area Database System." In Foundations of Data Organization, 133–40. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-1881-1_11.
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Kleinberg, Eugene M. "A Mathematically Rigorous Foundation for Supervised Learning." In Multiple Classifier Systems, 67–76. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-45014-9_6.
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Babitsky, Vladimir I., and V. L. Krupenin. "Multiple-Degree-of-Freedom Systems." In Foundations of Engineering Mechanics, 241–313. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-44488-6_3.
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Grashey, Stephan, and Matthias Schuster. "Multiple Biometrics." In SmartKom: Foundations of Multimodal Dialogue Systems, 181–93. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-36678-4_12.
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Warrington, Elizabeth K. "Neuropsychological Evidence for Multiple Memory Systems." In Novartis Foundation Symposia, 153–66. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470720523.ch9.
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Allen, Jeffery C. "State-Space Methods for Multiple Amplifiers." In Systems & Control: Foundations & Applications, 175–92. Boston, MA: Birkhäuser Boston, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-8176-8182-1_9.
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Ellington, Duke. "Vibro-impact processes in systems with multiple degrees of freedom." In Foundations of Engineering Mechanics, 193–250. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-69635-3_4.
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Li, Shuangjie, and Hongxu Liang. "Detection of Earnings Manipulation with Multiple Fuzzy Rules." In Foundations and Applications of Intelligent Systems, 379–88. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-37829-4_32.
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Zhang, Jingjuan, Jun Wu, and Rong Zhao. "An Intelligent Conflict Resolution Algorithm of Multiple Airplanes." In Foundations and Applications of Intelligent Systems, 745–53. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-37829-4_62.
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Chang, Chin-Chen, and Jaw-Ji Shen. "Consecutive Retrieval Organization as a File Allocation Scheme on Multiple Disk Systems." In Foundations of Data Organization, 113–24. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-1881-1_9.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Multiple foundations system"
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Davendralingam, Navindran, Zhenghui Sha, Kushal Moolchandani, Apoorv Maheshwari, Jitesh H. Panchal, and Daniel A. DeLaurentis. "Scientific Foundations for Systems Engineering: Challenges and Strategies." In ASME 2015 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2015-47315.
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There is an increasing realization of the need for fundamental research in the science of systems engineering. The International Council on Systems Engineering vision document calls for theoretical foundations for systems architecting, systems design and systems understanding. During a recent NSF workshop, a number of knowledge areas ranging from mathematics, information sciences, physical sciences, systems science to human and social sciences were identified as possible sources from which the scientific foundation of systems engineering can be enhanced. However, the primary challenge facing the community lies in orchestrating the breadth and diversity of the many knowledge areas into a cohesive foundation. This paper briefly surveys systems science-related efforts across multiple application domains. The specific objectives in this paper are to present a classification of initiatives for developing foundations for systems engineering, and to discuss the challenges, and potential strategies forward, associated with systems science research. The classification is discussed using two case examples — the Internet and the air transportation system. Through these examples, some of the key research challenges and strategies are exemplified.
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Ansari, Masoud, Ebrahim Esmailzadeh, and Davood Younesian. "Internal Resonance of Finite Beams on Nonlinear Foundations Traversed by a Moving Load." In ASME 2008 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2008-68188.
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Vibration analysis of beams traversed by moving load is an old and well known topic in structural mechanics, and has been of great interest for researchers of different fields, such as mechanical, railway and civil engineering. Many researchers have conducted different investigations in this field. In the present research, the nonlinear vibration of the system is studied and consequently the response of the system to a moving load is determined as a closed form solution. Furthermore, the effects of load amplitude on the response of the system are investigated. Galerkin’s method is first utilized to truncate the governing equation of motion and then MMS (Method of Multiple Scales) perturbation method is applied to study the nonlinear vibration of the system, in the presence of the internal resonance. Effects of damping of the foundation as well as magnitude of the moving load on the frequency responses are investigated. The proposed methodology and obtained results can be used to investigate the behavior several systems among which railway system shows a good compatibility.
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Abdalla, Basel, F. Steven Wang, and M. Kabir Hossain. "FEA-Based Stability Analysis of Mudmats: Coupled Soil-Structure-Flowline Interaction Model." In ASME 2013 32nd International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2013-10955.
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The traditional method of foundation stability assessment for subsea structures is to calculate the bearing capacity factor of safety using classical approach given in the API-RP-2A/2GEO. This classical approach can be overly conservative for foundations under complex loading conditions (e.g., multiple interacting loads). A typical example is pipeline end manifold or flowline sled, which can be subject to self-weight, structure-soil interaction, and multiple interface loads from flowline and jumpers under operational condition. A more rigorous 3D-FEA based assessment approach is developed in this paper to achieve more accurate bearing capacity estimates for a flowline sled supported by mudmat. This fully combined global model comprises the structure (with sliding mechanism), soil foundation, jumpers, and flowline as realistically as possible so as to capture the more accurate interactions among the different parts of whole sled-soil system. The use of such advanced numerical modeling has proven to improve the mudmat bearing capacity factor of safety.
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Natslavas, Sotirios, and Petros Tratskas. "Prediction and Elimination of Subharmonic Resonances in Mechanical Systems With Nonlinear Foundations." In ASME 1995 Design Engineering Technical Conferences collocated with the ASME 1995 15th International Computers in Engineering Conference and the ASME 1995 9th Annual Engineering Database Symposium. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc1995-0290.
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Abstract In the first part of this work an analysis is presented on the dynamics of a two degree of freedom nonlinear mechanical oscillator. The model consists of a rigid body which rests on a foundation with nonlinear stiffness. This body can exhibit both vertical and rocking motions, which are coupled through the nonlinearities only. In the present study, attention is focused on the response of the system under external harmonic excitation of the vertical translation only, leading to conditions of subharmonic resonance of order three. Also, the model parameters are chosen so that its two linear natural frequencies are almost identical (1:1 internal resonance). For this case, the method of multiple time scales is first applied and a set of four coupled odes is derived, governing the amplitudes and phases of approximate motions of the system. Then, determination of approximate periodic steady state response of the oscillator is reduced to solving a set of four nonlinear algebraic equations. It is shown that besides linear and nonlinear single-mode response, two-mode response is also possible, due to the internal resonance. In addition, the stability of the various single- and two-mode periodic responses of the system is analyzed. In the last part of the work, the analytical findings are verified and complemented by numerical results. The main interest lies on identifying the effect of system parameters on the existence and stability of the predicted motions. The results of this study reveal patterns of appearance of these motions, which provide valuable help in the efforts to eliminate them. Finally, direct integration of the original equations of motion reveals the existence of other more complex motions, which coexist with the analytically predicted motions within the frequency ranges of interest.
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Askari, Hassan, and Ebrahim Esmailzadeh. "Nonlinear Forced Vibration of Curved Carbon Nanotube Resonators." In ASME 2016 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2016-59781.
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Nonlinear forced vibration of the nonlocal curved carbon nanotubes is investigated. The governing equation of vibration of a nonlocal curved carbon nanotube is developed. The nonlinear Winkler and Pasternak type foundations are chosen for the nanotube resonator system. Furthermore, the shape of the carbon nanotube system is assumed to be of a sinusoidal curvature form and different types of the boundary conditions are postulated for the targeted system. The Euler-Bernoulli beam theory in conjunction with the Eringen theory are implemented to obtain the partial differential equation of the system. The Galerkin method is applied to obtain the nonlinear ordinary differential equations of the system. For the sake of obtaining the primary resonance of the considered system the multiple time scales method is utilized. The influences of different parameters, namely, the position of the applied force, different forms of boundary condition, amplitude of curvature, and the coefficient of the Pasternak foundation, on the frequency response of the system were fully investigated.
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Fujita, Kikuo, and Shin’ichi Yoshioka. "Optimal Design Methodology of Common Components for a Class of Products: Its Foundations and Promise." In ASME 2003 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2003/dac-48718.
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This paper discusses the optimal design of common components used for a class of products. While simultaneously designing multiple products has become an important concept in manufacturing in these days, alliances involved in such activities are extended from the traditional form. This means the existence of a chance that an integrator designs a set of components apart from particular products or a supplier commonalizes components independently from integrators. That is, any methodology for simultaneously designing a set of components becomes necessary behind ones for simultaneously designing a set of products. This paper formulates the design problem of common components as an optimization problem, investigates the condition of optimal design through the tradeoff among the level of system-level performance, the number of different components, etc. Then a computational procedure is configured for optimizing the commonalization of components apart from designing a particular set of products by using multivariate analysis, an optimization code based on mini-max operation and a genetic algorithm for constrained nonlinear mathematical programming. Finally the proposed optimization procedure is preliminarily applied to a design problem of liftgate dumpers for passenger cars for demonstrating the meaning of the levels of optimal design and tradeoff structure.
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White, Paul F., and Gerti Kola. "Milwaukee Streetcar Overhead Contact System: A Challenging Design Effort." In 2019 Joint Rail Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2019-1294.
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The new Milwaukee Streetcar system has been in the planning, design and construction phases for over 10 years and on November 2, 2018, operations with a combined overhead contact system and streetcar battery power commenced ushering in a new era of growth for the City of Milwaukee. Many challenges in the design and construction of the overhead contact line and power system were encountered during this time period including budgetary constraints, multiple pole location changes, underground obstacles, low clearance bridges, alignment changes, utility conflicts, and changing vehicle requirements. The line was originally designed for pantograph operation but soon adapted for pole/pantograph current collection and then changed back to pantograph only current collection during the final design. The original design consisted of underground feeder cables to supplement a 4/0 contact wire but eventually not utilized due to budgetary constraints. Instead, a larger 350 kcmil contact wire was used with no paralleling feeder cables. The added weight of a 350 kcmil wire with wind, ice and low temperatures created high forces in the overhead contact system (OCS) leading to challenges in pole and foundation design where compliance to the National Electrical Safety Code (NESC) was required. The OCS style originally proposed and finally constructed used an inclined pendulum suspension (IPS) system that was constant tensioned with rotating springs deemed by the installing contractor superior to balance weights. The pendulum system was chosen as it is simple, lightweight, less visually obtrusive, and more economical than other suspension systems such as stitch and steady arm that are being used on other streetcar or light rail systems. IPS has provided Milwaukee with an excellent operating overhead contact system. Buildings along the route that were not historic structures were utilized where possible for span wire attachment but in many locations long bracket arms up to 40 feet long had to be used requiring special designs to keep the size of the pipes standard with the rest of the system. Challenges arose at low bridge underpasses where the contact wire had to be below required code height and special precautions had to be undertaken. Other areas such as the St. Paul Lift Bridge proved challenging as well where special electrically interlocked OCS devices were initially designed to de-energize the overhead wires and is further discussed with the reasoning for their use. This paper outlines the phases of design, the changes to the design that occurred over time, the challenges encountered to the OCS design, the method of design, and the final disposition of the design for construction. It further outlines the construction of the system and problems encountered with poles, foundations, bracket arms, traction power substations, contact wire, feeder cables, and winter conditions affecting the integrity of these structures and how some of these problems were solved.
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Koehler-McNicholas, Sara R., Alana Cataldo, Elizabeth Koch, Brittany Rud, Laura Gude, Charlotte Brenteson, Doug Johnson, et al. "Evaluation of a Novel Gait Training Device Using a Pressure Suit to Support Body Weight." In 2018 Design of Medical Devices Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dmd2018-6845.
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Supporting body weight and balance control are foundations of our ability to move and function independently. However, neurological disease, injury, and aging often threaten these prerequisites of functional independence, leading to a decrease in quality of life. In the United States alone, 7.5 million individuals have survived stroke, traumatic brain injury (TBI), or spinal cord injury (SCI), and over a million new patients are diagnosed every year [1–2]. To improve gait function in these patient populations, partial body weight-supported gait training is a widely-used rehabilitation therapy. In general, the therapeutic quality of partial body weight-supported gait training is directly proportional to the amount of time patients are able to tolerate an upright posture (either standing or walking). To achieve an upright posture, therapists must first attach a support system (e.g., gait belt, harness lift system, exoskeleton), then several therapists must assist the patient into a standing position. Depending on the patient’s level of impairment, several therapists may also be needed to support and assist the patient while standing and walking, then again to remove the support system at the end of therapy. Accordingly, multiple therapists are often needed to provide a small quantity of upright physical therapy time with standard support systems. Furthermore, use of standard support systems can be uncomfortable and fatiguing for the patient, further reducing their actual therapeutic treatment time [3].
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Choong, Evelyn, and John Beets. "Data Management as the Foundation of Integrity Management." In 2006 International Pipeline Conference. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2006-10422.
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Worldwide, regulatory bodies are applying increasing pressure on pipeline operators to manage their pipeline systems in a safe and reliable manner. To respond to these escalating requirements, operators are developing comprehensive integrity management systems. Integrity management begins with developing strong data management capabilities to host and integrate numerous sources of physical data. A key issue in today’s integrity data management system development is integration of all pipeline data from multiple levels of the organization to one central location for easy and effective utilization of the information. Data are often scattered throughout the organization, which often tends towards data duplication, poor decisions, errors, and inefficiencies. The lack of an effective data management process leads to time and resource constrains. In the long run; development of a comprehensive integrated system has proven to be worth the investment. The primary objective of the data model is to account for a common/standard linear referencing of all pipeline features occurring along the pipeline route, and/or within the pipeline right of way. This paper describes the key factors to consider when developing a full data management system and provides some insights into how these integrated data are used to address the need for integrity management.
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Sun, Lingling, and Kongjie Song. "Power Flow Analysis for Complicated System." In ASME 2003 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2003/vib-48556.
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The generalized theoretical models for vibrating machines isolated by multiple elastic mounts or by a mount-raft-mount system from non-rigid foundation were proposed. The structural analysis method was developed based on the power flow control perspectives. The dynamic transmission equations were derived to predict the power flow characteristics between subsystems. Numerical calculations of power flow for practical isolation systems were carried out to explore the interaction between the mounting frequency and the flexibility of supporting structure. The effects of mounting frequency on the power transmitted to the foundation were discussed. It is shown that the power flow can be reduced effectively by reasonable choice of mounting frequency.