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1
Naghibi, Farzaneh, and Gordon A. Fenton. "Target geotechnical reliability for redundant foundation systems." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 54, no. 7 (July 2017): 945–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cgj-2016-0478.
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Geotechnical support systems (e.g., deep and shallow foundations) generally involve at least some redundancy. For example, if a building is supported by np separate foundations, then failure (e.g., excessive settlement) of a single foundation will generally not result in failure of the building if the building is able to shed the load from the failed foundation to adjacent foundations. This load-shedding ability lends the foundation system redundancy — system failure only occurs if multiple foundations fail. This paper investigates the relationship between the level of geotechnical redundancy, individual foundation reliability, and system reliability for deep foundations (piles). In the particular case where the pile resistance remains constant after achieving its ultimate capacity (at a certain displacement), the relationship between individual and system reliabilities is computed theoretically. The more general case, where the load carried by the pile reduces after exceeding its ultimate capacity, is investigated by Monte Carlo simulation. Charts relating system and individual reliability indices are presented, which can be used to aid in the design of individual piles as part of a pile support system.
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Tsai, C. S., Bo-Jen Chen, W. S. Pong, and Tsu-Cheng Chiang. "Interactive Behavior of Structures with Multiple Friction Pendulum Isolation System and Unbounded Foundations." Advances in Structural Engineering 7, no. 6 (December 2004): 539–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1260/1369433042863189.
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Kannan, Hanumanthrao, Garima V. Bhatia, Bryan L. Mesmer, and Benjamin Jantzen. "Theoretical Foundations for Preference Representation in Systems Engineering." Systems 7, no. 4 (December 12, 2019): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/systems7040055.
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The realization of large-scale complex engineered systems is contingent upon satisfaction of the preferences of the stakeholder. With numerous decisions being involved in all the aspects of the system lifecycle, from conception to disposal, it is critical to have an explicit and rigorous representation of stakeholder preferences to be communicated to key personnel in the organizational hierarchy. Past work on stakeholder preference representation and communication in systems engineering has been primarily requirement-driven. More recent value-based approaches still do not offer a rigorous framework on how to represent stakeholder preferences but assume that an overarching value function that can precisely capture stakeholder preferences exists. This article provides a formalism based on modal preference logic to aid in rigorous representation and communication of stakeholder preferences. Formal definitions for the different types of stakeholder preferences encountered in a systems engineering context are provided in addition to multiple theorems that improve the understanding of the relationship between stakeholder preferences and the solution space.
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Moshkovich, Helen M., and Alexander I. Mechitov. "Verbal Decision Analysis: Foundations and Trends." Advances in Decision Sciences 2013 (October 27, 2013): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/697072.
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The primary goal of research in multiple criteria decision analysis is to develop tools to help people make more reasonable decisions. In many cases, the development of such tools requires the combination of knowledge derived from such areas as applied mathematics, cognitive psychology, and organizational behavior. Verbal Decision Analysis (VDA) is an example of such a combination. It is based on valid mathematical principles, takes into account peculiarities of human information processing system, and fits the decision process into existing organizational environments. The basic underpinnings of Verbal Decision Analysis are demonstrated by early VDA methods, such as ZAPROS and ORCLASS. New trends in their later modifications are discussed. Published applications of VDA methods are presented to support the findings.
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De Bari, Benjamin, Alexandra Paxton, Dilip K. Kondepudi, Bruce A. Kay, and James A. Dixon. "Functional Interdependence in Coupled Dissipative Structures: Physical Foundations of Biological Coordination." Entropy 23, no. 5 (May 15, 2021): 614. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e23050614.
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Coordination within and between organisms is one of the most complex abilities of living systems, requiring the concerted regulation of many physiological constituents, and this complexity can be particularly difficult to explain by appealing to physics. A valuable framework for understanding biological coordination is the coordinative structure, a self-organized assembly of physiological elements that collectively performs a specific function. Coordinative structures are characterized by three properties: (1) multiple coupled components, (2) soft-assembly, and (3) functional organization. Coordinative structures have been hypothesized to be specific instantiations of dissipative structures, non-equilibrium, self-organized, physical systems exhibiting complex pattern formation in structure and behaviors. We pursued this hypothesis by testing for these three properties of coordinative structures in an electrically-driven dissipative structure. Our system demonstrates dynamic reorganization in response to functional perturbation, a behavior of coordinative structures called reciprocal compensation. Reciprocal compensation is corroborated by a dynamical systems model of the underlying physics. This coordinated activity of the system appears to derive from the system’s intrinsic end-directed behavior to maximize the rate of entropy production. The paper includes three primary components: (1) empirical data on emergent coordinated phenomena in a physical system, (2) computational simulations of this physical system, and (3) theoretical evaluation of the empirical and simulated results in the context of physics and the life sciences. This study reveals similarities between an electrically-driven dissipative structure that exhibits end-directed behavior and the goal-oriented behaviors of more complex living systems.
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Solomon, Nancy G., Brian Keane, Lana R. Knoch, and Paula J. Hogan. "Multiple paternity in socially monogamous prairie voles (Microtus ochrogaster)." Canadian Journal of Zoology 82, no. 10 (October 1, 2004): 1667–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z04-142.
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Prairie voles (Microtus ochrogaster (Wagner, 1842)) exhibit behavioral, morphological, and neuroendocrinological traits associated with monogamy and are considered a model system to examine the biological foundations of monogamy in mammals. We examined allelic polymorphism at microsatellite loci to assess mating exclusivity in wild prairie voles sampled in east-central Illinois and found evidence of multiple paternity in five of nine litters (56%) analyzed. Thus, a female in this socially monogamous mammal with extensive mechanisms for pair bonding does not always mate solely with its partner and raises the paradox of why some pair-bonded females mate multiply.
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Flack, Jessica C. "Multiple time-scales and the developmental dynamics of social systems." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 367, no. 1597 (July 5, 2012): 1802–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2011.0214.
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To build a theory of social complexity, we need to understand how aggregate social properties arise from individual interaction rules. Here, I review a body of work on the developmental dynamics of pigtailed macaque social organization and conflict management that provides insight into the mechanistic causes of multi-scale social systems. In this model system coarse-grained, statistical representations of collective dynamics are more predictive of the future state of the system than the constantly in-flux behavioural patterns at the individual level. The data suggest that individuals can perceive and use these representations for strategical decision-making. As an interaction history accumulates the coarse-grained representations consolidate. This constrains individual behaviour and provides the foundations for new levels of organization. The time-scales on which these representations change impact whether the consolidating higher-levels can be modified by individuals and collectively. The time-scales appear to be a function of the ‘coarseness’ of the representations and the character of the collective dynamics over which they are averages. The data suggest that an advantage of multiple timescales is that they allow social systems to balance tradeoffs between predictability and adaptability. I briefly discuss the implications of these findings for cognition, social niche construction and the evolution of new levels of organization in biological systems.
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Saadatnia, Zia, Hassan Askari, and Ebrahim Esmailzadeh. "Multi-frequency excitation of microbeams supported by Winkler and Pasternak foundations." Journal of Vibration and Control 24, no. 13 (March 1, 2017): 2894–911. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077546317695463.
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The multi-frequency excitation of a microbeam, resting on a nonlinear foundation, is investigated and the governing equation of motion of the microbeam system is developed. The viscoelastic-type foundation is considered by assuming nonlinear parameters for both Pasternak and Winkler coefficients. The well-known Galerkin approach is utilized to discretize the governing equation of motion and to obtain its nonlinear ordinary differential equations. The multiple time-scales method is employed to study the multi-frequency excitation of the microbeam. Furthermore, the resonant conditions due to the external excitation as well as the combination resonances for the first two modes are investigated. The influences of different parameters, namely the Pasternak and Winkler coefficients, the position of the applied force and the geometrical factors on the frequency response of the system are examined.
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Ward, Robert, Payam Soulatiantork, Shaun Finneran, Ruby Hughes, and Ashutosh Tiwari. "Real-time vision-based multiple object tracking of a production process: Industrial digital twin case study." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture 235, no. 11 (March 12, 2021): 1861–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/09544054211002464.
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The adoption of Industry 4.0 technologies within the manufacturing and process industries is widely accepted to have benefits for production cycles, increase system flexibility and give production managers more options on the production line through reconfigurable systems. A key enabler in Industry 4.0 technology is the rise in Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) and Digital Twins (DTs). Both technologies connect the physical to the cyber world in order to generate smart manufacturing capabilities. State of the art research accurately describes the frameworks, challenges and advantages surrounding these technologies but fails to deliver on testbeds and case studies that can be used for development and validation. This research demonstrates a novel proof of concept Industry 4.0 production system which lays the foundations for future research in DT technologies, process optimisation and manufacturing data analytics. Using a connected system of commercial off-the-shelf cameras to retrofit a standard programmable logic controlled production process, a digital simulation is updated in real time to create the DT. The system can identify and accurately track the product through the production cycle whilst updating the DT in real-time. The implemented system is a lightweight, low cost, customable and scalable design solution which provides a testbed for practical Industry 4.0 research both for academic and industrial research purposes.
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Beran, Tomas, Lee Danisch, Adam Chrzanowski, and Maciej Bazanowski. "Measurement of Deformations by MEMS Arrays, Verified at Sub-millimetre Level Using Robotic Total Stations." Geoinformatics FCE CTU 12 (June 3, 2014): 34–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.14311/gi.12.6.
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Measurement of sub-millimetre-level deformations of structures in the presence of ambient temperature changes can be challenging. This paper describes the measurement of a structure moving due to temperature changes, using two ShapeAccelArray (SAA) instruments, and verified by a geodetic monitoring system. SAA is a geotechnical instrument often used for monitoring of displacements in soil. SAA uses micro-electromechanical system (MEMS) sensors to measure tilt in the gravity field. The geodetic monitoring system, which uses ALERT software, senses the displacements of targets relative to control points, using a robotic total station (RTS). The test setup consists of a central four-metre free-standing steel tube with other steel tubes welded to most of its length. The central tube is anchored in a concrete foundation. This composite “pole” is equipped with two SAAs as well as three geodetic prisms mounted on the top, in the middle, and in the foundation. The geodetic system uses multiple control targets mounted in concrete foundations of nearby buildings, and at the base of the pole. Long-term observations using two SAAs indicate that the pole is subject to deformations due to cyclical ambient temperature variations causing the pole to move by a few millimetres each day. In a multiple-day experiment, it was possible to track this movement using SAA as well as the RTS system. This paper presents data comparing the measurements of the two instruments and provides a good example of the detection of two-dimensional movements of seemingly rigid objects due to temperature changes.
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Kaeser, Gwendolyn, and Jerold Chun. "Brain cell somatic gene recombination and its phylogenetic foundations." Journal of Biological Chemistry 295, no. 36 (July 22, 2020): 12786–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.rev120.009192.
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A new form of somatic gene recombination (SGR) has been identified in the human brain that affects the Alzheimer's disease gene, amyloid precursor protein (APP). SGR occurs when a gene sequence is cut and recombined within a single cell's genomic DNA, generally independent of DNA replication and the cell cycle. The newly identified brain SGR produces genomic complementary DNAs (gencDNAs) lacking introns, which integrate into locations distinct from germline loci. This brief review will present an overview of likely related recombination mechanisms and genomic cDNA-like sequences that implicate evolutionary origins for brain SGR. Similarities and differences exist between brain SGR and VDJ recombination in the immune system, the first identified SGR form that now has a well-defined enzymatic machinery. Both require gene transcription, but brain SGR uses an RNA intermediate and reverse transcriptase (RT) activity, which are characteristics shared with endogenous retrotransposons. The identified gencDNAs have similarities to other cDNA-like sequences existing throughout phylogeny, including intron-less genes and inactive germline processed pseudogenes, with likely overlapping biosynthetic processes. gencDNAs arise somatically in an individual to produce multiple copies; can be functional; appear most frequently within postmitotic cells; have diverse sequences; change with age; and can change with disease state. Normally occurring brain SGR may represent a mechanism for gene optimization and long-term cellular memory, whereas its dysregulation could underlie multiple brain disorders and, potentially, other diseases like cancer. The involvement of RT activity implicates already Food and Drug Administration–approved RT inhibitors as possible near-term interventions for managing SGR-associated diseases and suggest next-generation therapeutics targeting SGR elements.
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Bai, He, Wei Yang, Jing Fei Cui, Guo Ting Zhang, and Ting Ting Li. "A Design of TS Distribution Synchronization Method for DTMB SFN System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 475-476 (December 2013): 900–906. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.475-476.900.
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A single frequency network (SFN) based on the DTMB (Digital Television Terrestrial Broadcasting System) terrestrial digital television (DTV) system normally causes interference among signals from multiple transmitters in the network. These transmitters should broadcast the same program at the same frequency simultaneously in the service area. To meet the SFN network construction requirements in complex transport situation, TS distribution networks synchronization is one of the most important foundations. A design was proposed to insert into each MPEG-TS (SIP) packet with one absolute timestamp in the SFN adapter, which was proved to be valuable insuring the synchronization of the SFN TS distribution through field-test in Ningxia DTMB network.
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Benito Moran, Daniel Benito Moran, Anabelem Soberanes Martín, and Mónica Itzel López Cortés. "Proposal of an educational technology approach for a web system construction. Application case: teaching about the Fungi kingdom." IE Revista de Investigación Educativa de la REDIECH 12 (January 1, 2021): e1126. http://dx.doi.org/10.33010/ie_rie_rediech.v12i0.1126.
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Educational technology, as it is nowadays understood, is a relatively new concept. Traditionally, it was understood as the use of audiovisual materials in the classroom; however, this concept has been left behind to be considered a fundamental part of educational processes, taking into account multiple disciplines. This research links theoretical foundations with the development of a web system considering pedagogical aspects for the generation of educational technology; this is done in three stages: (1) seeking educational foundation and its adaptation to technology, (2) the applicability of these to the concept of usability and (3) the development of the system web. The results obtained were favorable; the SUS (Scale Usability System) tool determined a usability level of 91.38. In this sense, creating a system that managed information about the Fungi kingdom considers the incorporation of pedagogical and technological techniques during the elaboration process. Considering the characteristics of the end-user will help the teaching-learning process and, thus, keep the interest from the user to continue using the generated instrument.
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Lai, Xin, and Wanjun Xie. "Theoretical and Experimental Study on Electromechanical Coupling Properties of Multihammer Synchronous Vibration System." Shock and Vibration 2016 (2016): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/6707264.
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Industrial simulation of real external load using multiple exciting points or increasing exciting force by synchronizing multiple exciting forces requires multiple vibration hammers to be coordinated and work together. Multihammer vibration system which consists of several hammers is a complex electromechanical system with complex electromechanical coupling. In this paper, electromechanical coupling properties of such a multihammer vibration system were studied in detail using theoretical derivation, numerical simulation, and experiment. A kinetic model of multihammer synchronous vibration system was established, and approximate expressions for electromechanical coupling strength were solved using a small parameter periodic averaging method. Basic coupling rules and reasons were obtained. Self-synchronization and frequency hopping phenomenon were also analyzed. Subsequently, numerical simulations were carried out and electromechanical coupling process was obtained for different parameters. Simulation results verify correctness of the proposed model and results. Finally, experiments were carried out, self-synchronization and frequency hopping phenomenon were both observed, and results agree well with theoretical deduction and simulation results. These results provide theoretical foundations for multihammer synchronous vibration system and its synchronous control.
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De-La-Llana-Calvo, Álvaro, José-Luis Lázaro-Galilea, Alfredo Gardel-Vicente, David Rodríguez-Navarro, Borja Rubiano-Muriel, and Ignacio Bravo-Muñoz. "Analysis of Multiple-Access Discrimination Techniques for the Development of a PSD-Based VLP System." Sensors 20, no. 6 (March 19, 2020): 1717. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20061717.
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There are several technologies and techniques available when developing indoor positioning systems (IPS). Recently, the development of positioning systems based on optical signals has aroused great interest, mainly those using visible light from the lighting infrastructure. In this work, we analyze which techniques give better results to lay the foundations for the development of a Visible Light Positioning system (VLP). Working only with a receiver, it is analyzed what the result of determining the position of different emitters is when they emit simultaneously and without any synchronism. The results obtained by Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA) (with digital bandpass filters, I/Q demodulation, and FFT) and Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) are compared. The interference between signals when emitted simultaneously from multiple emitters is analyzed as well as the errors they cause and how these effects can be mitigated. As a result of the research, the advantages and disadvantages using different multiple-access determination techniques are determined. In addition, advantages and disadvantages of using FDMA and CDMA techniques as well as hardware requirements that make one more feasible than the other are presented. The system behavior, in terms of errors, is established using FDMA and different configurations such as: I/Q, RMS, or FFT. The work also determines the error rates that can be obtained with the different FDMA and CDMA configurations, considering different error scenarios and integration time. Synthetic emulations and empirical tests were performed, which concluded that IPS systems based on optical signals and PSD sensors can achieve very high measurement accuracies and a high measurement rate. Obtained positioning errors in a room of 3 m height are less than 1 cm when working in noisy environments.
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Eyebe, Guy, Gambo Betchewe, Alidou Mohamadou, and Timoleon Kofane. "Nonlinear Vibration of a Nonlocal Nanobeam Resting on Fractional-Order Viscoelastic Pasternak Foundations." Fractal and Fractional 2, no. 3 (August 5, 2018): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fractalfract2030021.
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In the present study, the nonlinear vibration of a nanobeam resting on the fractional order viscoelastic Winkler–Pasternak foundation is studied using nonlocal elasticity theory. The D’Alembert principle is used to derive the governing equation and the associated boundary conditions. The approximate analytical solution is obtained by applying the multiple scales method. A detailed parametric study is conducted, and the effects of the variation of different parameters belonging to the application problems on the system are calculated numerically and depicted. We remark that the order and the coefficient of the fractional derivative have a significant effect on the natural frequency and the amplitude of vibrations.
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Duer, Stanisław, Dariusz Bernatowicz, Paweł Wrzesień, and Radosław Duer. "Diagnosing of a complex technical object in four-valued logic." Bulletin of the Military University of Technology 67, no. 1 (April 3, 2018): 33–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0011.8018.
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This paper presents the essence of an investigation of a complex technical object with the use of four-valued logic. To this end, an intelligent diagnostic system (DIAG 2) is described. A special feature of this system was its capability of inferring k at {k = 4, 3, 2}, in which case the logic {k = 4} is applied. An important part of this work was to present the theoretical foundations describing the essence of inference in the four-valued logic contemplated. It was also pointed out that the basis for classification of states in the multiple-valued logic of the diagnostic system (DIAG 2) was the permissible interval of changes in the values of diagnostic signal features. Four-valued logic testing was applied to a system of wind turbine equipment. Keywords: technical diagnostics, diagnostic inference, multiple-valued logic, artificial intelligence
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Fu, Tingting, Huanghong Zhu, Han Hai, and Haksrun Lao. "A Time-Overlapping Multiplex VLC System for End-Edge Data Transmission." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2021 (August 5, 2021): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/9970972.
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Communication is one of the most important foundations in the Internet of Things. Although some cutting-edge technologies, such as 5G, have greatly empowered edge computing, electromagnetic interference and pollution make them impracticable in many environments. The visible light communication (VLC) is a new type of wireless communication technology with appealing benefits not presented in radio communications. VLC allows a lamp or other light source to not only serve as illumination but also simultaneously transmit data. Although traditional VLC multiplexing technologies have been able to achieve a high-speed data transmission rate, they require all receivers to use the same modulation means. In many scenarios, various-type receivers coexist; it is costly to incorporate multiple senders to implement adaptive content distribution in on-demand services. In this paper, we propose a new type of VLC multiplexing system, which realizes end-edge data transmission through pulse position modulation (PPM), pulse width modulation (PWM), and pulse amplitude modulation (PAM) simultaneously. Therefore, one edge server can serve multiple types of end-users without interference. In order to evaluate the performance of the system, we conduct experiments with different settings of communication distance, communication angle, and different environmental light conditions. For three modulations, the proposed system can achieve a transmission speed three times as that for a single modulation, and reach the accuracy rate of up to 99% within the proper communication range.
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Idrissov, Agzam, Pedro Parraguez, and Anja M. Maier. "Tracing Paths and Connecting Multiple Design Domains: An Information Visualisation Approach to Product Architecture Modelling." Proceedings of the Design Society: International Conference on Engineering Design 1, no. 1 (July 2019): 3021–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/dsi.2019.309.
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AbstractVisual representation of product architecture models is crucial in complex engineering systems design. However, when the number of entities in a model is large and when multiple levels of hierarchies are included, visual representations currently in use need to be more intuitive. As such, improved visual representations that enable better system overview and better communication of essential product- related information among design participants are needed. This paper uses interactive information visualisation techniques – collapsible hierarchical tree, edge bundling and alluvial diagram – and provides the foundations of a computerised tool that improves the traceability of connections between design domains, including stakeholders, requirements, functions, behaviours and structure. The case of a cleaning robot is used as an illustrative example. The approach supports designers by providing an enhanced overview during the development of complex product architecture models, in particular in the communication with external stakeholders, in the identification of change propagation paths across several design domains, and in capturing the design rationale of previous design decisions.
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Drozda, Joseph P., James Roach, Thomas Forsyth, Paul Helmering, Benjamin Dummitt, and James E. Tcheng. "Constructing the informatics and information technology foundations of a medical device evaluation system: a report from the FDA unique device identifier demonstration." Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association 25, no. 2 (May 3, 2017): 111–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jamia/ocx041.
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Abstract Objective The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has recognized the need to improve the tracking of medical device safety and performance, with implementation of Unique Device Identifiers (UDIs) in electronic health information as a key strategy. The FDA funded a demonstration by Mercy Health wherein prototype UDIs were incorporated into its electronic information systems. This report describes the demonstration’s informatics architecture. Methods Prototype UDIs for coronary stents were created and implemented across a series of information systems, resulting in UDI-associated data flow from manufacture through point of use to long-term follow-up, with barcode scanning linking clinical data with UDI-associated device attributes. A reference database containing device attributes and the UDI Research and Surveillance Database (UDIR) containing the linked clinical and device information were created, enabling longitudinal assessment of device performance. The demonstration included many stakeholders: multiple Mercy departments, manufacturers, health system partners, the FDA, professional societies, the National Cardiovascular Data Registry, and information system vendors. Results The resulting system of systems is described in detail, including entities, functions, linkage between the UDIR and proprietary systems using UDIs as the index key, data flow, roles and responsibilities of actors, and the UDIR data model. Conclusion The demonstration provided proof of concept that UDIs can be incorporated into provider and enterprise electronic information systems and used as the index key to combine device and clinical data in a database useful for device evaluation. Keys to success and challenges to achieving this goal were identified. Fundamental informatics principles were central to accomplishing the system of systems model.
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Dannefer, Dale. "Systemic and Reflexive: Foundations of Cumulative Dis/Advantage and Life-Course Processes." Journals of Gerontology: Series B 75, no. 6 (October 6, 2018): 1249–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gby118.
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AbstractCumulative dis/advantage has been defined as the systemic tendency for interindividual divergence in a given characteristic to increase with the passage of time. Over recent decades, evidence supporting cumulative dis/advantage (CDA) as a cohort-based process that produces inequalities on a range of life-course outcomes has steadily increased. This paper reviews this growing body of work, grounding the discussion in CDA’s foundation as a general sociological construct with broad relevance. I emphasize the distinction between outcome and process, and then distinguish multiple levels of social analysis at which CDA operates. From this review, I extract two principles, endogenous system dynamics and life-course reflexivity, that can be cross-classified to provide a framework for analyzing contemporary research frameworks and initiatives relevant to CDA. I argue that the full sociological impact and implications of CDA research has been unevenly developed and applied, and conclude by suggesting some possible directions for further building on CDA’s insights.
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TAUIL, Carlos B., Felipe VON GLEHN, Raimundo NONATO-RODRIGUES, Jaqueline R. A. A. GOMES, Carlos O. BRANDÃO, Leonilda M. B. dos SANTOS, and Leopoldo L. dos SANTOS-NETO. "From Charcot’s descriptions to the current understanding of neuropsychiatric symptoms in multiple sclerosis." Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria 77, no. 7 (July 2019): 521–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0004-282x20190049.
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ABSTRACT Neuropsychiatric disorders in multiple sclerosis have been known since the original clinicopathological description by Charcot in the late nineteenth century. Charcot, in the last decades of his life, became involved in the field of neuropsychiatry. This produced a battle between rival schools in the era that still echoes to this day. Charcot’s intuition, including the line of thought of Babinski, one of his most famous disciples, was that there was a connection between mood disorders and many of the diseases of the nervous system. Medicine’s concern with establishing a relationship between mood disorders and disease stems from the ancient and middle ages with references found in the Hippocratic doctrine. However, it was only in the second half of the nineteenth and early twentieth century, with Charcot’s discoveries, that this discussion was established in a structured way, laying the foundations of neuropsychiatry.
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Ivanova, M. V., and A. S. Kozmenko. "SCIENTIFIC FOUNDATIONS OF THE SPATIAL ECONOMY AND THE THEORY OF NEW ECONOMIC GEOGRAPHY." Север и рынок: формирование экономического порядка 70, no. 4/2020 (December 27, 2020): 32–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.37614/2220-802x.4.2020.70.003.
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The modern political and economic processes have had a significant impact on the change in the economic policy of Russia and its “internal” economic space. As a result of the “sanction” blocking of the significant sectors of the economy, the importance of considering the spatial factor of socio-economic development in the basic development program documents has increased. The article examines the main approaches to spatial organization of the regional economy and strategic directions of spatial development in the context of the “Strategy of Spatial Development of the Russian Federation for the Period up to 2025”. These approaches are based on the joint evolution of this organization and the regional settlement system under the influence of a multiple external and internal factors, including the implementation of a rational state policy of regional development. The study examines the main provisions of the spatial economy as an independent scientific field and the theory of new economic geography. It shows the methodological similarity between these two scientific disciplines. The article shows that the basis of spatial development is the integration of specific forms of spatial organization of the economy into large and / or largest agglomerations. The leading role in this integration belongs to the regional communications system, which unites economic centers localized in an allocated space into an integral system and ensures the economic space unity. The implementation of the spatial economy provisions is studied on the example of the Northern Sea Route as a regional communications system, which is in fact the center of the “assembly” of the Arctic space. The functional dominant of the agglomeration as a form of spatial organization of the regional economy is creating such high-quality life conditions that are optimized with the rational economic development of the regional space while maintaining the economic situation at an acceptable level. These are the conditions that form communicative ties, which are the framework for uniting various elements of the regional space.
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Sivasankari, S., V. Lavanya, G. Saranya, and S. Lavanya. "Attributes Based Storage System for Secure De-Duplication of Encrypt Data in Cloud." Journal of Computational and Theoretical Nanoscience 17, no. 4 (April 1, 2020): 1937–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jctn.2020.8470.
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These days, Cloud storage is gaining importance among individual and institutional users. Individual and foundations looks for cloud server as a capacity medium to diminish their capacity load under nearby devices. In such storage services, it is necessary to avoid duplicate content/repetitive storage of same data to be avoided. By reducing the duplicate content in cloud storage reduces storage cost. De-duplication is necessary when multiple data owner outsource the same data, issues related to security and ownership to be considered. As the cloud server is always considered to be non trusted, as it is maintained by third party, thus the data stored in cloud is always encrypted and uploaded, thus randomization property of encryption affects de-duplication. It is necessary to propose a serverside de-duplication scheme for handling encrypted data. The proposed scheme allows the cloud server to control access to outsourced data even when the ownership changes dynamically.
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Mordecai, Yaniv, James P. Fairbanks, and Edward F. Crawley. "Category-Theoretic Formulation of the Model-Based Systems Architecting Cognitive-Computational Cycle." Applied Sciences 11, no. 4 (February 23, 2021): 1945. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11041945.
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We introduce the Concept→Model→Graph→View Cycle (CMGVC). The CMGVC facilitates coherent architecture analysis, reasoning, insight, and decision making based on conceptual models that are transformed into a generic, robust graph data structure (GDS). The GDS is then transformed into multiple views of the model, which inform stakeholders in various ways. This GDS-based approach decouples the view from the model and constitutes a powerful enhancement of model-based systems engineering (MBSE). The CMGVC applies the rigorous foundations of Category Theory, a mathematical framework of representations and transformations. We show that modeling languages are categories, drawing an analogy to programming languages. The CMGVC architecture is superior to direct transformations and language-coupled common representations. We demonstrate the CMGVC to transform a conceptual system architecture model built with the Object Process Modeling Language (OPM) into dual graphs and a stakeholder-informing matrix that stimulates system architecture insight.
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Barman, Emily. "Classificatory Struggles in the Nonprofit Sector." Social Science History 37, no. 1 (2013): 103–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0145553200010580.
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Employing Pierre Bourdieu’s concept of classificatory struggles and sociological literature on professions’ construction of jurisdiction, this article examines the origins of the National Taxonomy of Exempt Entities (NTEE), the dominant classification system for the US nonprofit sector. Using data drawn from archival research and secondary research, I show that the establishment of the NTEE was part of a larger symbolic struggle over the proper classification of charitable foundations. Philanthropic elites and new nonprofit scholars responded to government threats to foundations by integrating them into the newly created “nonprofit sector,” whose societal value—both philanthropic and economic—would be demonstrated through research on this sector. The NTEE was formed by nonprofit researchers to generate valid data that demonstrated the nonprofit sector’s multiple contributions to society’s well-being. Using a theoretical approach, this article extends Bourdieu’s emphasis on classificatory struggles beyond the study of the construction of the characteristics of social classes to explore contestations over the proper taxonomy of organizations and sectors in society.
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Hasler, Jennifer. "Analog Architecture Complexity Theory Empowering Ultra-Low Power Configurable Analog and Mixed Mode SoC Systems." Journal of Low Power Electronics and Applications 9, no. 1 (January 21, 2019): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jlpea9010004.
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This discussion develops a theoretical analog architecture framework similar to the well developed digital architecture theory. Designing analog systems, whether small or large scale, must optimize their architectures for energy consumption. As in digital systems, a strong architecture theory, based on experimental results, is essential for these opportunities. The recent availability of programmable and configurable analog technologies, as well as the start of analog numerical analysis, makes considering scaling of analog computation more than a purely theoretical interest. Although some aspects nicely parallel digital architecture concepts, analog architecture theory requires revisiting some of the foundations of parallel digital architectures, particularly revisiting structures where communication and memory access, instead of processor operations, that dominates complexity. This discussion shows multiple system examples from Analog-to-Digital Converters (ADC) to Vector-Matrix Multiplication (VMM), adaptive filters, image processing, sorting, and other computing directions.
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Foroutan, Kamran, Habib Ahmadi, and Mohammad Shariyat. "Asymmetric Large Deformation Superharmonic and Subharmonic Resonances of Spiral Stiffened Imperfect FG Cylindrical Shells Resting on Generalized Nonlinear Viscoelastic Foundations." International Journal of Applied Mechanics 12, no. 05 (June 2020): 2050052. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1758825120500520.
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This paper is devoted to superharmonic and subharmonic behavior investigation of imperfect functionally graded (FG) cylindrical shells with external FG spiral stiffeners under large amplitude excitations. The structure is embedded within a generalized nonlinear viscoelastic foundation, which is composed of a two-parameter Winkler–Pasternak foundation augmented by a Kelvin–Voigt viscoelastic model with a nonlinear cubic stiffness, to account for the vibration hardening/softening phenomena and damping considerations. The von Kármán strain-displacement kinematic nonlinearity is employed in the constitutive laws of the shell and stiffeners. The external spiral stiffeners of the cylindrical shell are modeled according to the smeared stiffener technique. The coupled governing equations are solved by using Galerkin’s method in conjunction with the stress function concept. The multiple scales method is utilized to detect the subharmonic and superharmonic resonances and the frequency–amplitude relations of the 1/3 and 1/2 subharmonic and 3/1 and 2/1 superharmonic resonances of the system. Finally, the influences of the stiffeners helical angles, foundation type, coefficient of the nonlinear elastic foundation, material distribution, and excitation amplitude on the system resonances are investigated comprehensively.
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Scacchi, Walt. "Modding as an Open Source Approach to Extending Computer Game Systems." International Journal of Open Source Software and Processes 3, no. 3 (July 2011): 36–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jossp.2011070103.
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This paper examines what is known about the role of open source software development within the world of game mods and modding practices. Game modding has become a leading method for developing games by customizing or creating Open Source Software extensions to game software in general, and particularly to proprietary closed source software games. What, why, and how OSS and closed source software come together within an application system is the subject for this study. Observational and qualitative is used to highlight current practices and issues that can be associated with software engineering and game studies foundations with multiple examples of different game mods and modding practices are identified throughout this study.
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Aryadi, Iman, and Laili Rahmawati. "Influence Of Employee's Spiritual Motivation On Employee Performance (Empirical Study In Santri Works Of Taarid Tauhid Bandung Foundation)." Review of Islamic Economics and Finance 2, no. 2 (December 31, 2019): 29–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.17509/rief.v2i1.22157.
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The development of foundations and businesses led by Abdullah Gymnastiar. the question arises as to why this business that is labeled with the heart of management is such a way of developing (not only becoming one of the business centers, it also becomes a "moral workshop"), whether it is due to its leadership, work system, conducive environment, or motivation of its employees. This study aims to determine the effect of spiritual motivation on the performance of employees of the Daarut Tauhiid Foundation in Bandung. The hypothesis proposed in this study is the creed motivation, worship motivation and muamalah motivation partially and together have a significant effect on performance. The subjects (samples) in this study were 33 people. Sampling method is purposivesampling.Data obtained through primary data by distributing questionnaires also added to interviews and observations. Secondary data were obtained through records and profile of Daarut Tauhiid foundation as well as information from various other sources. Data analysis was performed by multiple regression analysis. As a result, partially or together it turns out that spiritual motivation does not affect performance. This can be seen from the t-count value of each variable (creed = 0.857, worship = 0.288 and muamalah = 0.971) compared to t-table (2.0395) or t-count 2 and the F-count of 1.935 is smaller than 4. Or the significance level is greater than 0.05 which is 0.14. The lack of spiritual motivation on performance is very reasonable because spiritual motivation has become the culture and character of students of the DT foundation's work. Another thing that should be suspected and needs serious attention is the work environment and leadership of the Foundation which needs to be changed to be more conducive and decentralized. The highest spiritual need in Maslow's hierarchy has been fulfilled by students of DT. But the need for a sense of security (work contract), physiological (primary needs), social needs (AA Gym leadership) is less fulfilled. This is very humane and human nature because while what distinguishes it from organizations or conventional companies is the intention and approach.
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Ayache, Samar, and Moussa Chalah. "Moral Judgment: An Overlooked Deficient Domain in Multiple Sclerosis?" Behavioral Sciences 8, no. 11 (November 16, 2018): 105. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bs8110105.
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Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory and neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system through which patients can suffer from sensory, motor, cerebellar, emotional, and cognitive symptoms. Although cognitive and behavioral dysfunctions are frequently encountered in MS patients, they have previously received little attention. Among the most frequently impaired cognitive domains are attention, information processing speed, and working memory, which have been extensively addressed in this population. However, less emphasis has been placed on other domains like moral judgment. The latter is a complex cognitive sphere that implies the individuals’ ability to judge others’ actions and relies on numerous affective and cognitive processes. Moral cognition is crucial for healthy and adequate interpersonal relationships, and its alteration might have drastic impacts on patients’ quality of life. This work aims to analyze the studies that have addressed moral cognition in MS. Only three works have previously addressed moral judgement in this clinical population compared to healthy controls, and none included neuroimaging or physiological measures. Although scarce, the available data suggest a complex pattern of moral judgments that deviate from normal response. This finding was accompanied by socio-emotional and cognitive deficits. Only preliminary data are available on moral cognition in MS, and its neurobiological foundations are still needing to be explored. Future studies would benefit from combining moral cognitive measures with comprehensive neuropsychological batteries and neuroimaging/neurophysiological modalities (e.g., functional magnetic resonance imaging, tractography, evoked potentials, electroencephalography) aiming to decipher the neural underpinning of moral judgement deficits and subsequently conceive potential interventions in MS patients.
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Hogan, L. S., L. M. Wotherspoon, S. Beskhyroun, and J. M. Ingham. "Modal identification of a bridge-abutment system using forced vibration testing." Bulletin of the New Zealand Society for Earthquake Engineering 45, no. 4 (December 31, 2012): 161–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.5459/bnzsee.45.4.161-170.
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During the 2010 Mw7.1 Darfield earthquake, the single span Davis Road Bridge located 5 km southeast of Lincoln, New Zealand, sustained significant lateral spreading damage to the western approach. While lateral spreading resulted in up to 450 mm of approach settlement and evidence of damage to the pile foundations, the bridge superstructure sustained no significant damage. Prior to reinstating traffic, the bridge was used for full scale dynamic testing to characterise the influence of different substructure components on the lateral dynamic behaviour of the bridge superstructure.
The bridge was characterised using an eccentric mass shaker and an array of accelerometers to perform lateral forced vibration testing in both the transverse and longitudinal directions. Modal properties were extracted from these tests using multiple system identification algorithms. The experimental testing and system identification methodology are described here. Forced vibration testing was able to detect one mode in each principal direction of the bridge, with the fundamental modes for the transverse and longitudinal direction occurring at a period of 0.118 s and 0.092 s respectively. The torsional response found during the transverse direction shaking was most likely due to the effect of gap opening around the piles on the western abutment, while the longitudinal response was dominated by the approach soil.
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Popescu, Sandu, Ana Belén Sainz, Anthony J. Short, and Andreas Winter. "Quantum reference frames and their applications to thermodynamics." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 376, no. 2123 (May 28, 2018): 20180111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2018.0111.
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We construct a quantum reference frame, which can be used to approximately implement arbitrary unitary transformations on a system in the presence of any number of extensive conserved quantities, by absorbing any back action provided by the conservation laws. Thus, the reference frame at the same time acts as a battery for the conserved quantities. Our construction features a physically intuitive, clear and implementation-friendly realization. Indeed, the reference system is composed of the same types of subsystems as the original system and is finite for any desired accuracy. In addition, the interaction with the reference frame can be broken down into two-body terms coupling the system to one of the reference frame subsystems at a time. We apply this construction to quantum thermodynamic set-ups with multiple, possibly non-commuting conserved quantities, which allows for the definition of explicit batteries in such cases. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue ‘Foundations of quantum mechanics and their impact on contemporary society’.
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Niquil, Nathalie, Matilda Haraldsson, Télesphore Sime-Ngando, Philippe Huneman, and Stuart R. Borrett. "Shifting levels of ecological network's analysis reveals different system properties." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 375, no. 1796 (February 24, 2020): 20190326. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2019.0326.
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Network analyses applied to models of complex systems generally contain at least three levels of analyses. Whole-network metrics summarize general organizational features (properties or relationships) of the entire network, while node-level metrics summarize similar organization features but consider individual nodes. The network- and node-level metrics build upon the primary pairwise relationships in the model. As with many analyses, sometimes there are interesting differences at one level that disappear in the summary at another level of analysis. We illustrate this phenomenon with ecosystem network models, where nodes are trophic compartments and pairwise relationships are flows of organic carbon, such as when a predator eats a prey. For this demonstration, we analysed a time-series of 16 models of a lake planktonic food web that describes carbon exchanges within an autumn cyanobacteria bloom and compared the ecological conclusions drawn from the three levels of analysis based on inter-time-step comparisons. A general pattern in our analyses was that the closer the levels are in hierarchy (node versus network, or flow versus node level), the more they tend to align in their conclusions. Our analyses suggest that selecting the appropriate level of analysis, and above all regularly using multiple levels, may be a critical analytical decision. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Unifying the essential concepts of biological networks: biological insights and philosophical foundations'.
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Wang, Yan Qing, Yun Fei Liu, and T. H. Yang. "Nonlinear Thermo-Electro-Mechanical Vibration of Functionally Graded Piezoelectric Nanoshells on Winkler–Pasternak Foundations Via Nonlocal Donnell’s Nonlinear Shell Theory." International Journal of Structural Stability and Dynamics 19, no. 09 (August 28, 2019): 1950100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219455419501001.
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The thermo-electro-mechanical nonlinear vibration of circular cylindrical nanoshells on the Winkler–Pasternak foundation is investigated. The nanoshell is made of functionally graded piezoelectric material (FGPM), which is simulated by the nonlocal elasticity theory and Donnell’s nonlinear shell theory. The Hamilton’s principle is employed to derive the nonlinear governing equations and corresponding boundary conditions. Then, the Galerkin’s method is used to obtain the nonlinear Duffing equation, to which an approximate analytical solution is obtained by the multiple scales method. The results reveal that the system exhibits hardening-spring behavior. External applied voltage and temperature change have significant effect on the nonlinear vibration of the FGPM nanoshells. Moreover, the effect of power-law index on the nonlinear vibration of the FGPM nanoshells depends on parameters such as the external applied voltage, temperature change and properties of the Winkler–Pasternak foundation.
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Guo, Shaocui, Xiangrong Tong, and Xu Yang. "Shell Analysis and Optimisation of a Pure Electric Vehicle Power Train Based on Multiple Software." World Electric Vehicle Journal 9, no. 4 (December 5, 2018): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/wevj9040049.
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Motor end cover mounting fracture is a problem recently encountered by novel pure electric vehicles. Regarding the study of the traditional vehicle engine mount bracket and on the basis of the methods of design and optimisation available, we have analysed and optimised the pure electric vehicle end cover mount system. Multi-body dynamic software and finite element software have been combined. First, we highlight the motor end cover mount bracket fracture engineering problems, analyse the factors that may produce fracture, and propose solutions. By using CATIA software to establish a 3D model of the power train mount system, we imported it into ADAMS multi-body dynamic software, conducted 26 condition analysis, obtained five ultimate load conditions, and laid the foundations for subsequent analysis. Next, a mount and shell system was established by the ANSYS finite element method, and modal, strength, and fatigue analyses were performed on the end cover mount. We found that the reason for fracture lies in the intensity of the end cover mount joint, which leads to the safety factor too small and the fatigue life not being up to standard. The main goal was to increase the strength of the cover mount junction, stiffness, safety coefficient, and fatigue life. With this aim, a topology optimisation was conducted to improve the motor end cover. A 3D prototype was designed accordingly. Finally, stiffness, strength, modal, and fatigue were simulated. Our simulation results were as follows. The motor end cover suspension stiffness increases by 20%, the modal frequency increases by 2.3%, the quality increases by 3%, the biggest deformation decreases by 52%, the maximum stress decreases by 28%, the minimum safety factor increases by 40%, and life expectancy increases 50-fold. The results from sample and vehicle tests highlight that the component fracture problem has been successfully solved and the fatigue life dramatically improved.
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Ju, Bu Seog, and WooYoung Jung. "Evaluation of Seismic Fragility of Weir Structures in South Korea." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2015 (2015): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/391569.
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In order to reduce earthquake damage of multifunctional weir systems similar to a dam structure, this study focused on probabilistic seismic risk assessment of the weir structure using the fragility methodology based on Monte Carlo simulation (MCS), with emphasis on the uncertainties of the seismic ground motions in terms of near field induced pulse-like motions and far field faults. The 2D simple linear elastic plain strain finite element (FE) model including soil structure foundations using tie connection method in ABAQUS was developed to incorporate the uncertainty. In addition, five different limit states as safety criteria were defined for the seismic vulnerability of the weir system. As a consequence, the results obtained from multiple linear time history analyses revealed that the weir structure was more vulnerable to the tensile stress of the mass concrete in both near and far field ground motions specified earthquake hazard levels. In addition, the system subjected to near field motions was primarily more fragile than that under far field ground motions. On the other hand, the probability of failure due to the tensile stress at weir sill and stilling basin showed the similar trend in the overall peak ground acceleration levels.
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Ubi Stanley E. "Optimization of isolated and combined pad foundation using computer aided application of finite element approach." Global Journal of Engineering and Technology Advances 6, no. 3 (March 30, 2021): 24–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/gjeta.2021.6.3.0030.
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Most Finite Element packages provide means to generate meshes automatically. However, the user is usually confronted with the problem of not knowing whether the mesh generated is appropriate for the problem at hand. Since the accuracy of the Finite Element results is mesh dependent, mesh selection forms a very important step in the analysis of isolated and combined footing pad foundation. SAFE is an ultimate tools use in the design of concrete floors and foundation system, hence provide a suitable means for the user. From framing layout all the way through to detail drawing production, SAFE integrate every aspect of engineering design which are in one process easy and intuitive environment. SAFE provides unmatched benefits to the engineer with its truly unique combination of power, comprehensive capabilities, and ease-of-use. In the context of this research, we have plotted graphs showing the relationship between the nodes and displacement with the stress patterns as generated from the software. It is understood from the graph that multiple elements in the process of meshing will make the footing to be at equilibrium. The research also carry the shape deformed diagram which shows the deformation of the footing due to the impose load (stress) on the footing, it also give the bending moment diagram of the footings. The basic structure and analysis of the single and double pad footing foundations have been designed using Finite Element Analysis (FEA) with the failure planes being considered. The results obtained, it is assumed that FEA is an ideal design method that breaks foundation design into basic elements and nodes that shows the action of the loading on the footings.
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Wolff, J. Gerard. "Mathematics as Information Compression via the Matching and Unification of Patterns." Complexity 2019 (December 4, 2019): 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/6427493.
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This paper describes a novel perspective on the foundations of mathematics: how mathematics may be seen to be largely about “information compression (IC) via the matching and unification of patterns” (ICMUP). That is itself a novel approach to IC, couched in terms of nonmathematical primitives, as is necessary in any investigation of the foundations of mathematics. This new perspective on the foundations of mathematics reflects the facts that mathematics is almost exclusively the product of human brains, and has been developed, as an aid to human thinking, mathematics is likely to be consonant with much evidence for the importance of IC in human learning, perception, and cognition. This perspective on the foundations of mathematics has grown out of a long-term programme of research developing the SP Theory of Intelligence and its realization in the SP Computer Model, a system in which a generalised version of ICMUP—the powerful concept of SP-multiple-alignment—plays a central role. This paper shows with an example how mathematics, without any special provision, may achieve compression of information. Then, it describes examples showing how variants of ICMUP may be seen in widely used structures and operations in mathematics. Examples are also given to show how several aspects of the mathematics-related disciplines of logic and computing may be understood as ICMUP. Also discussed is the intimate relation between IC and concepts of probability, with arguments that there are advantages in approaching AI, cognitive science, and concepts of probability via ICMUP. Also discussed is how the close relation between IC and concepts of probability relates to the established view that some parts of mathematics are intrinsically probabilistic, and how that latter view may be reconciled with the all-or-nothing, “exact,” forms of calculation or inference that are familiar in mathematics and logic. There are many potential benefits and applications of the mathematics-as-IC perspective.
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Steinhüser, Melanie, Stefan Smolnik, and Uwe Hoppe. "Measuring the Success of Social Software Adoption in the Firm." International Journal of Social and Organizational Dynamics in IT 2, no. 2 (April 2012): 34–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijsodit.2012040103.
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Recently, the use of social software has gained enormous popularity in many organizations. However, despite its development from a trend topic to a well established technology, there is little theoretical study on how to measure the success of this kind of information system. Allowing for the unique characteristics of social software, the author assumes that existing IS success models are not applicable to social software without modifications. Therefore, this article aims to develop a model for measuring social software success, which is based on theoretic foundations and the findings of a multiple case study. Results show that existing models are not able to represent all dimensions which are relevant in this context. Especially social aspects related to the organization and the people within have to be taken into account.
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Abrahamson, Kathleen, Priscilla A. Arling, Bonnie Wesorick, and James G. Anderson. "An Application of the Socio-Technical Systems Approach to Implementation of Electronic Evidence into Practice." International Journal of Reliable and Quality E-Healthcare 1, no. 1 (January 2012): 13–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijrqeh.2012010102.
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Implementation of electronic evidence into the practice environments of clinical staff is an ongoing challenge in health care organizations. Despite localized efforts to integrate point-of-care technology with clinical practice, system-wide transformation across multiple clinical settings has not commonly occurred. This paper examines a framework designed to guide the implementation of evidence-based practice using technology in health care settings from the theoretical lens of the Socio-Technical Systems (STS) approach. The framework under study is called the CPM Framework™, developed by the Clinical Practice Model Resource Center (CPMRC). The CPMRC is a collaborative consortium of health care providers representing over 300 rural, community, and university settings. The CPMRC developed the Clinical Practice Model (CPM) Framework™ to guide the integration of evidence based CPG’s into the work worlds of clinicians. The authors propose that the CPM Framework is consistent with STS approach concepts, and can serve as an exemplar for other health care organizations seeking to implement technology in a manner that is consistent with established theoretical foundations.
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Burke, Sara, Steve Thomas, Malgorzata Stach, Paul Kavanagh, Laura Magahy, Bridget Johnston, and Sarah Barry. "Health system foundations for Sláintecare implementation in 2020 and beyond – co-producing a Sláintecare Living Implementation Framework with Evaluation: Learning from the Irish health system’s response to COVID-19. A mixed-methods study protocol." HRB Open Research 3 (September 30, 2020): 70. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/hrbopenres.13150.1.
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All over the world, health systems are responding to the major shock of the COVID-19 pandemic. The virus is causing urgent and fast-paced change in the delivery of health and social care as well as highlighting pre-existing deficiencies and inequalities in the health system and broader society. In Ireland, COVID-19 is occurring during the second full year of Sláintecare’s implementation – Ireland’s 10-year plan for health reform to deliver universal access to timely, integrated care. This research will coproduce a Living Implementation Framework with Evaluation (LIFE) linking evidence, policy and practice that feeds into real-world Sláintecare implementation. In partnership with senior leadership in the Sláintecare Programme Implementation Office, the Department of Health and the HSE, the researchers will scope, document, measure and analyse the Sláintecare relevant COVID-19 responses using qualitative and quantitative methods. The LIFE will initially take the form of a live spreadsheet which contains the COVID-19 responses most relevant to Sláintecare. For each response, 3-4 indicators will be collected which enables monitoring overtime. The spreadsheet will be accompanied by a series of rapid reviews, narrative descriptions of multiple case studies, research papers, stakeholder engagement and formative feedback. These collectively make up the ‘LIFE’, informing dialogue with the project partners, which is happening in real time (living), influencing health policy and system decision-making and implementation as the project progresses. The LIFE will inform health system reform in Ireland in the months and years after the emergence of COVID-19 as well as contributing to international health systems and policy research.
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Cook, Brian J., and B. Dan Wood. "Principal-Agent Models of Political Control of Bureaucracy." American Political Science Review 83, no. 3 (September 1989): 965–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1962069.
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In the March 1988 issue of this Review, B. Dan Wood invoked a principal-agent perspective to establish the importance of democratic hierarchies in shaping the outputs of public bureaucracies. He tested the model with air pollution enforcements of the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) between 1977 and 1985. His results suggested some limitations on bureaucracies' responsiveness to elected political institutions, consistent with a principal-agent perspective with emphasis on the agent. Brian J. Cook challenges features of the design and empirical testing of Wood's hierarchical model. He questions the accuracy of Wood's characterization of the extent of EPA autonomy and power. Cook argues that a proper model requires recognition of the multiple principal nature of the U.S. system, and he advocates consideration of the normative foundations of principal-agent theory. Wood responds to both the substantive and methodological issues raised and suggests an eclectic approach in future research.
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Xu, Xiao-Feng, Min Liu, Li Ma, and Yang Li. "Energy Investment Potential and Strategic Layout in Countries along the “Belt and Road” Based on Principal Component Analysis." Complexity 2021 (April 14, 2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5525844.
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It is important for energy enterprises to research on the investment potential of the energy markets in countries along the “Belt and Road,” which can help them optimize the regional investment structure, reduce investment risks, and conform to the development trend of “going global.” Therefore, we construct an investment potential assessment system of 29 indexes including five dimensions: politics, economy, society, energy, and cooperation and assess energy investment potential of 48 sample countries along the “Belt and Road” using principal component analysis to provide reference meanings for energy enterprises. The results show that the assessment results of investment potential are affected by a combination of multiple indexes. In addition, compared with Central Asia and South Asia, which have weak economic foundations and greater political and legal risks, the investment potential of Central and Eastern Europe and some emerging economies in Southeast Asia is higher.
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Kulkarni, Ankur A. "Games and teams with shared constraints." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 375, no. 2100 (July 10, 2017): 20160302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2016.0302.
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Energy systems of the future are envisaged to encompass multiple interacting autonomous entities. The theory of games provides the foundations for the design and analysis of such systems. This paper reviews models and results that would be of use for such analysis. Classically, games have involved players whose strategies are coupled only through the dependence of utility functions on strategies of other players. However, in many practical settings in the energy domain, system-level limitations bind the choices players can make. In 1965, Rosen ( Econometrica 33 , 520–534 ( doi:10.2307/1911749 )) pioneered the study of a class of games where there is a common constraint, called a shared constraint , that couples the strategies available to the players. We discuss how this seemingly benign extension has important ramifications, ranging from the very definition of an equilibrium concept, to other key issues such as existence, uniqueness and efficiency of equilibria. We show how the presence of a shared constraint naturally leads to notions of a price and forms the motivations for more recent models. Although most of the paper has the character of a survey, occasionally we also prove new results. This article is part of the themed issue ‘Energy management: flexibility, risk and optimization’.
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Kraemer, Klaus, Luka Jakelja, Florian Brugger, and Sebastian Nessel. "Money Knowledge or Money Myths? Results of a population survey on money and the monetary order." European Journal of Sociology 61, no. 2 (August 2020): 219–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003975620000119.
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AbstractPeople use money in everyday life in ubiquitous ways. In addition, they know that money has quite different and multiple meanings in different social contexts, depending on the situation in which it is used. That said, what do people actually know about money, money creation, money backing and the institutional foundations of the monetary order? While contributions in the rapidly extending field of financial literacy have empirically studied people’s knowledge about mathematical and financial issues, people’s knowledge about the functioning of the money system and monetary institutions remained mostly unexplored. To improve our understanding of people’s knowledge of the money system and the most important money institutions, we questioned 2,000 individuals in Austria using a standardized population survey. In this paper, after a short critical review of the sociology of money and the literature on financial literacy, we present and critically discuss the results of the survey. We found that, independently of age, gender, education and income, people know very little about the money system or money institutions and mostly believe in money myths, such as the notion that money is still backed by gold. Finally, we discuss our empirical findings against the backdrop of the state of research on the sociology of money1.
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Santhakumar, Rohaim, and Munir. "Genome-Wide Classification of Type I, Type II and Type III Interferon-Stimulated Genes in Chicken Fibroblasts." Vaccines 7, no. 4 (October 25, 2019): 160. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines7040160.
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Interferons (IFNs) play central roles in establishing innate immunity and mediating adaptive immunity against multiple pathogens. Three known types of IFNs identify their cognate receptors, initiate cascades of signalling events and eventually result in the induction of a myriad of IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs). These ISGs perform a multitude of functions and cumulatively corroborate a bespoke antiviral state to safeguard hosts against invading viruses. Owing to the unique nature of a chicken’s immune system and the lack of foundational profiling information on the nature and dynamic expression of IFN-specific ISGs at the genome scale, we performed a systematic and extensive analysis of type I, II and III IFN-induced genes in chicken. Employing pan-IFN responsive chicken fibroblasts coupled with transcriptomics, we observed an over-representation of up-regulated ISGs compared to down-regulated ISGs by all types of IFNs. Intriguingly, prediction of IFN-stimulated response element (ISRE) and gamma-IFN activation sequence (GAS) revealed a substantial number of GAS motifs in selective and significantly induced ISGs in chicken. Extensive comparative, genome-wide and differential expression analysis of ISGs under equivalent signalling input catalogue a set of genes that were either IFN-specific or independent of types of IFNs used to prime fibroblasts. These comprehensive datasets, first of their kinds in chicken, will establish foundations to elucidate the mechanisms of actions and breadth of antiviral action of ISGs, which may propose alternative avenues for targeted antiviral therapy against viruses of poultry of public health importance.
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Adarsh, S., R. Dhanya, G. Krishna, R. Merlin, and J. Tina. "Prediction of Ultimate Bearing Capacity of Cohesionless Soils Using Soft Computing Techniques." ISRN Artificial Intelligence 2012 (December 5, 2012): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2012/628496.
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This study examines the potential of two soft computing techniques, namely, support vector machines (SVMs) and genetic programming (GP), to predict ultimate bearing capacity of cohesionless soils beneath shallow foundations. The width of footing (), depth of footing (), the length-to-width ratio () of footings, density of soil ( or ), angle of internal friction (), and so forth were used as model input parameters to predict ultimate bearing capacity (). The results of present models were compared with those obtained by three theoretical approaches, artificial neural networks (ANNs), and fuzzy inference system (FIS) reported in the literature. The statistical evaluation of results shows that the presently applied paradigms are better than the theoretical approaches and are competing well with the other soft computing techniques. The performance evaluation of GP model results based on multiple error criteria confirms that GP is very efficient in accurate prediction of ultimate bearing capacity cohesionless soils when compared with other models considered in this study.
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Stanojević, Nataša. "Deglobalization of the World Economy and its Effects on the Western Balkan Countries." Economic Themes 58, no. 3 (September 1, 2020): 343–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ethemes-2020-0020.
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Abstract This paper analyses trends in three key aspects of economic globalization: international trade, foreign investment and global product chains. The paper points to downward tendencies of the world economic integration in all three segments. The paper finds that causes of these trends are not cyclical, but structural, that is, the process of deglobalization of the international market and transformation of the very foundations of the international economic system is underway. The paper also includes an empirical analysis of the potential effects of these changes on six economies of the Western Balkan. The multiple regression models reveal very strong statistic connection between these economies and the world economy trends. There are direct relations with global foreign trade and production, but inverse relation with FDI share in the world economy. That indicates significant challenges such as declining income and job losses, but also certain opportunities to reduce trade deficits and increase domestic production.
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Al-Mefty, Ossama, Edward R. Laws, and A. John Popp. "Surgical neurology: Harvey Cushing’s endangered legacy." Journal of Neurosurgery 132, no. 6 (June 2020): 1985–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2019.1.jns182290.
Full textAbstract:
As it does periodically, the United States healthcare system is, yet again, undergoing a period of change on multiple fronts, including internal initiatives in education, quality, and the workforce, as well as external pressure responding to changes in reimbursement and oversight. In such times, looking back at the foundations of our specialty is helpful, allowing often-beleaguered neurosurgeons to reflect upon what it means to be a neurosurgeon, and how they can be assured that our specialty will continue to flourish in the future. Harvey Cushing envisioned, espoused, and developed neurological surgery as a “special field”—a comprehensive, encompassing, and distinct discipline that studies the nervous system and manages neurological disorders. It provides surgical intervention for the treatment of neurological disorders; it by no means was meant to be developed as a mere technical or procedural skill; it is neither a subspecialty of surgery nor a branch of neurology; it is a “special field” that has flourished to become a crown jewel in the realm of medicine. Herein is a perspective that brings the inception and future of this concept to light. A specialty that is to live and flourish should stand on and recognize its roots.