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Journal articles on the topic 'Multiple-meaning words'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Johnson, Carla J., Margaret E. Ionson, and Sonya M. Torreiter. "Assessing Children's Knowledge of Multiple Meaning Words." American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology 6, no. 1 (1997): 77–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/1058-0360.0601.77.

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van Gaal, Simon, Lionel Naccache, Julia D. I. Meuwese, et al. "Can the meaning of multiple words be integrated unconsciously?" Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 369, no. 1641 (2014): 20130212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2013.0212.

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What are the limits of unconscious language processing? Can language circuits process simple grammatical constructions unconsciously and integrate the meaning of several unseen words? Using behavioural priming and electroencephalography (EEG), we studied a specific rule-based linguistic operation traditionally thought to require conscious cognitive control: the negation of valence. In a masked priming paradigm, two masked words were successively (Experiment 1) or simultaneously presented (Experiment 2), a modifier (‘not’/‘very’) and an adjective (e.g. ‘good’/‘bad’), followed by a visible targe

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van Daalen-Kapteijns, Maartje, Marianne Elshout-Mohr, and Kees de Glopper. "Deriving the Meaning of Unknown Words From Multiple Contexts." Language Learning 51, no. 1 (2001): 145–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/0023-8333.00150.

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DEGANI, TAMAR, and NATASHA TOKOWICZ. "Ambiguous words are harder to learn." Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 13, no. 3 (2010): 299–314. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1366728909990411.

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Relatively little is known about the role of ambiguity in adult second-language learning. In this study, native English speakers learned Dutch–English translation pairs that either mapped in a one-to-one fashion (unambiguous items) in that a Dutch word uniquely corresponded to one English word, or mapped in a one-to-many fashion (ambiguous items), with two Dutch translations corresponding to a single English word. These two Dutch translations could function as exact synonyms, corresponding to a single meaning, or could correspond to different meanings of an ambiguous English word (e.g., wissel

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Anderson, Andrew James, Edmund C. Lalor, Feng Lin, et al. "Multiple Regions of a Cortical Network Commonly Encode the Meaning of Words in Multiple Grammatical Positions of Read Sentences." Cerebral Cortex 29, no. 6 (2018): 2396–411. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhy110.

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Abstract Deciphering how sentence meaning is represented in the brain remains a major challenge to science. Semantically related neural activity has recently been shown to arise concurrently in distributed brain regions as successive words in a sentence are read. However, what semantic content is represented by different regions, what is common across them, and how this relates to words in different grammatical positions of sentences is weakly understood. To address these questions, we apply a semantic model of word meaning to interpret brain activation patterns elicited in sentence reading. T

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Ferraro, F. Richard, and Garvin Chastain. "Letter Detection in Multiple-Meaning Words: One Lexical Entry or Two?" Journal of General Psychology 120, no. 4 (1993): 437–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00221309.1993.9711158.

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Nieuwland, Mante S., Dale J. Barr, Federica Bartolozzi, et al. "Dissociable effects of prediction and integration during language comprehension: evidence from a large-scale study using brain potentials." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 375, no. 1791 (2019): 20180522. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2018.0522.

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Composing sentence meaning is easier for predictable words than for unpredictable words. Are predictable words genuinely predicted, or simply more plausible and therefore easier to integrate with sentence context? We addressed this persistent and fundamental question using data from a recent, large-scale ( n = 334) replication study, by investigating the effects of word predictability and sentence plausibility on the N400, the brain's electrophysiological index of semantic processing. A spatio-temporally fine-grained mixed-effect multiple regression analysis revealed overlapping effects of pre

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LAXÉN, JANNIKA, and JEAN-MARC LAVAUR. "The role of semantics in translation recognition: effects of number of translations, dominance of translations and semantic relatedness of multiple translations." Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 13, no. 2 (2009): 157–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1366728909990472.

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This study aims to examine the influence of multiple translations of a word on bilingual processing in three translation recognition experiments during which French–English bilinguals had to decide whether two words were translations of each other or not. In the first experiment, words with only one translation were recognized as translations faster than words with multiple translations. Furthermore, when words were presented with their dominant translation, the recognition process was faster than when words were presented with their non-dominant translation. In Experiment 2, these effects wer

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Reynolds, Barry Lee. "The effects of word form variation and frequency on second language incidental vocabulary acquisition through reading." Applied Linguistics Review 6, no. 4 (2015): 467–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/applirev-2015-0021.

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AbstractThe purpose of this study was to investigate whether frequency of occurrence and the level of morphological form variation (i.e., none, inflectional, and derivational) exhibited by target words might interact to affect incidental acquisition through reading. An intact class of English as a foreign language learners (n=32) was given a copy of an unmodified 37,611-token English novel containing 49 target nonce words to read within two weeks. After reading, they were given two unexpected forms of assessment (meaning recall translation and meaning recognition multiple-choice). Meaning reca

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Sukaton, Ounu Zakiy. "Cultural Keyword ‘Eling’ in Javanese and Its Implication in Javanese Society." KLAUSA (Kajian Linguistik, Pembelajaran Bahasa, dan Sastra) 3, no. 01 (2019): 17–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.33479/klausa.v3i01.140.

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Cultural keywords are important information that we can use to understand how people who use those words see life from their perspective. The same can be said about the Javanese community. Some of their words and concepts are exclusive to their own and they can give hindsight to how the Javanese people perceive their life. In order to analyse the meaning behind cultural keywords, Natural Semantic Metalanguage (NSM) is used in this article. The data was taken from several social media posts to illustrate the core meaning of the word ‘eling’. An explication is proposed for the word ‘eling’ as we

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El Malaki, Fatima Zahrae. "INFERENCING FAKE WORDS’ MEANING BY MOROCCAN EFL LEARNERS." International Journal of Applied Language Studies and Culture 3, no. 1 (2020): 5–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.34301/alsc.v3i1.25.

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Do Moroccan EFL learners depend on the context to infer the meaning of unknown words occurring in sentences? This study investigates the way intermediate and advanced learners infer the meaning of fake words. To this end, the subjects took a test consisting of 60 items with three multiple choices. Subjects were asked to provide appropriate, inappropriate meanings of the unknown word or none of the choices without using dictionaries. The Chi-2 tests were adopted to determine whether there is a) a statistically significant difference between the three categories and b) a statistically significan

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Filipović Đurđević, Dušica. "BALANCE OF MEANING PROBABILITIES IN PROCESSING OF SERBIAN HOMONYMY." Primenjena psihologija 12, no. 3 (2019): 283–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.19090/pp.2019.3.283-304.

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The research deals with the set of Serbian homonymous nouns (nouns with multiple unrelated meanings) presented in the norming study and in the visual lexical decision task experiment. Native speakers listed the meanings of homonymous words and provided word familiarity and word concreteness ratings. Accordingly, the first database of Serbian homonyms was constructed containing subjective meanings of homonymous nouns along with the estimated meaning probabilities, as well as a number of meanings, redundancy and entropy of the distribution of meaning probabilities, word familiarity and word conc

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Zhuang, Jie, Billi Randall, Emmanuel A. Stamatakis, William D. Marslen-Wilson, and Lorraine K. Tyler. "The Interaction of Lexical Semantics and Cohort Competition in Spoken Word Recognition: An fMRI Study." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 23, no. 12 (2011): 3778–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_00046.

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Spoken word recognition involves the activation of multiple word candidates on the basis of the initial speech input—the “cohort”—and selection among these competitors. Selection may be driven primarily by bottom–up acoustic–phonetic inputs or it may be modulated by other aspects of lexical representation, such as a word's meaning [Marslen-Wilson, W. D. Functional parallelism in spoken word-recognition. Cognition, 25, 71–102, 1987]. We examined these potential interactions in an fMRI study by presenting participants with words and pseudowords for lexical decision. In a factorial design, we man

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Dolecka, Maria. "Adaptacja i rozwój semantyczny anglicyzmów w języku niemieckim (na podstawie ofert pracy w ogłoszeniach "Süddeutsche Zeitung")." Białostockie Archiwum Językowe, no. 4 (2004): 17–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.15290/baj.2004.04.02.

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This article presents adaptation and semantic development of English loan words registred in job advertisments in Süddeutsche Zeitung. The semantic adaptation depends not only on transfer of English meanings into German. In the process of borrowing there are different changes depending on elimination of multiple meanings of polysemous words, expansion and narrowing of meanings, change of emotional tinge and introduction of metaphorical meaning. Sometimes in German originates additional sense, not present in English. It may happen, that from one meaning of a word are chosen only some elements,

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Cozma, Ana-Maria. "On the discursive construction of the multiple meanings of francophonie/francophone viewed through the prism of argumentative semantics." Kalbotyra 74 (September 15, 2021): 49–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/kalbotyra.2021.74.3.

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This paper addresses the issue of polysemy, and more precisely of multiple meanings in the case of the words francophonie/francophone from the perspective of argumentative semantics. The aim of the paper is to examine the mechanisms that account for the multiple meanings of francophonie/francophone, i.e. the semantic and discursive mechanisms involved in the (re)construction of lexical meaning as the words occur in discourse. The data analysed in this paper consists of a set of discourse fragments about francophone identity, discourses that vary according to the speaker, the geographical locat

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Rodd, Jennifer M. "Settling Into Semantic Space: An Ambiguity-Focused Account of Word-Meaning Access." Perspectives on Psychological Science 15, no. 2 (2020): 411–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1745691619885860.

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Most words are ambiguous: Individual word forms (e.g., run) can map onto multiple different interpretations depending on their sentence context (e.g., the athlete/politician/river runs). Models of word-meaning access must therefore explain how listeners and readers can rapidly settle on a single, contextually appropriate meaning for each word that they encounter. I present a new account of word-meaning access that places semantic disambiguation at its core and integrates evidence from a wide variety of experimental approaches to explain this key aspect of language comprehension. The model has

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Shaukat, Kamran, Ibrahim A Hameed, Suhuai Luo, et al. "Domain Specific Lexicon Generation through Sentiment Analysis." International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning (iJET) 15, no. 09 (2020): 190. http://dx.doi.org/10.3991/ijet.v15i09.13109.

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Sentiment analysis (SA) is used to extract opinions from a huge amount of data and these opinions are comprised of multiple words. Some words have different semantic meanings in different fields and we call them domain specific (DS) words. A domain is defined as a special area in which a collection of queries about a specific topic are held when user do queries in the data regarding the domain appear. But Single word can be interpreted in many ways based on its context-dependency. Demonstrate each word under its domain is extremely important because their meanings differ from each other so muc

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Shimizu, Kouhei, and Masafumi Hagiwara. "A New Electronic Dictionary with Meaning Description of Case Frame." Journal of Advanced Computational Intelligence and Intelligent Informatics 9, no. 3 (2005): 304–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jaciii.2005.p0304.

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In this paper, we propose a new electronic dictionary that helps computers to understand languages. In the field of natural language processing, meaning analysis is a difficult problem. The research has been quite few. On the other hand, meaning comprehension is quite interesting and expected to contribute to many fields. For meaning analysis, knowledge about words is indispensable. Thesauruses provide such knowledge by classifying words by their concepts. They can be used as electronic dictionaries. However, the contents are merely the clusters of words. They have little knowledge about the r

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Zdrazilova, Lenka, David M. Sidhu, and Penny M. Pexman. "Communicating abstract meaning: concepts revealed in words and gestures." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 373, no. 1752 (2018): 20170138. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2017.0138.

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Abstract words refer to concepts that cannot be directly experienced through our senses (e.g. truth , morality ). How we ground the meanings of abstract words is one of the deepest problems in cognitive science today. We investigated this question in an experiment in which 62 participants were asked to communicate the meanings of words (20 abstract nouns, e.g. impulse ; 10 concrete nouns, e.g. insect ) to a partner without using the words themselves (the taboo task). We analysed the speech and associated gestures that participants used to communicate the meaning of each word in the taboo task.

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Appel, René. "Linguistic Minority Children's Knowledge of multiple Word Meanings; Polysemy and the Testing of lexical Skills." ITL - International Journal of Applied Linguistics 119-120 (January 1, 1998): 79–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/itl.119-120.06app.

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Abstract It is often observed that minority children's lexical proficiency in the majority language lags behind that of majority children. This observations is substantiated by scores on vocabulary tests. However, in these (traditional) tests words are generally treated as having one meaning, while most words are polysemous, i.e. they have multiple meanings. A new test was designed to measure the knowledge of multiple word meanings of minority and majority children. Results pointed to a rather high correlation between the scores on a traditional vocabulary test and the newly developed test for

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A. Hamid, Rahimah. "The Figurative Language in the Poetic Diction of Masuri S.N. and A. Samad Said: A Comparison." Malay Literature 27, no. 1 (2014): 178–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.37052/ml.27(1)no10.

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The beauty of a poem depends on the poet’s selection of diction to express his heart’s content. Diction is a careful assortment of the beautiful and concise words to express various matters by the poet’s mixture. The collection of words in poems is based on the relations to its meaning, sound harmony, and word sequences in a specific language manner that are crafted. The selection of diction is heavily correlated to the figurative language; an analogical language that is portrayed by the poet to beautify, heighten a certain effect and give rise to a particular connotation in his poems. A caref

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Khalid, Azka. "The Study of Semantic Change and its Effect on Linguistic and Literary Comprehension of ESL Learners." Journal of Communication and Cultural Trends 1, no. 2 (2020): 43–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.32350/jcct.12.04.

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Language is continuously changing. Words change their meaning over time and this process is known as semantic change. Change can occur both in the literal meaning and in the pragmatic use of words. In this research, semantic change is studied from a different perspective. Words that go through rapid semantic changes are the focus of this study. Users of English as a second language are also the focus of this study. The study observes whether these users are able to keep up with semantic change. It also gives us an idea regarding how much the users know about the multiple meanings of the same w

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Xu, Fei, and Joshua B. Tenenbaum. "Rational statistical inference: A critical component for word learning." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 24, no. 6 (2001): 1123–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x01430135.

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In order to account for how children can generalize words beyond a very limited set of labeled examples, Bloom's proposal of word learning requires two extensions: a better understanding of the “general learning and memory abilities” involved, and a principled framework for integrating multiple conflicting constraints on word meaning. We propose a framework based on Bayesian statistical inference that meets both of those needs.

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Sassenhagen, Jona, and Christian J. Fiebach. "Traces of Meaning Itself: Encoding Distributional Word Vectors in Brain Activity." Neurobiology of Language 1, no. 1 (2020): 54–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/nol_a_00003.

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How is semantic information stored in the human mind and brain? Some philosophers and cognitive scientists argue for vectorial representations of concepts, where the meaning of a word is represented as its position in a high-dimensional neural state space. At the intersection of natural language processing and artificial intelligence, a class of very successful distributional word vector models has developed that can account for classic EEG findings of language, that is, the ease versus difficulty of integrating a word with its sentence context. However, models of semantics have to account not

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TOKOWICZ, NATASHA, ERICA B. MICHAEL, and JUDITH F. KROLL. "The roles of study-abroad experience and working-memory capacity in the types of errors made during translation." Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 7, no. 3 (2004): 255–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1366728904001634.

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We examined the effects of study-abroad experience (SAE) and working-memory capacity (WMC) on the types of errors made during single-word translation from the first language to the second language, contrasting non-response with meaning errors (i.e. when individuals translate semantically-related words instead of the target word). SAE and WMC interacted; individuals with more SAE and higher WMC made as many meaning as non-response errors, whereas individuals in the other groups made more non-response than meaning errors. We conclude that SAE encourages the use of approximate translations to com

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Altarriba, Jeanette, and Jennifer L. Gianico. "Lexical Ambiguity Resolution Across Languages: A Theoretical and Empirical Review." Experimental Psychology 50, no. 3 (2003): 159–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1026//1617-3169.50.3.159.

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Abstract. Words that involve completely different meanings across languages but possess significant overlap in form are referred to as homographic noncognates or interlexical homographs (e.g., red is a color word in English but means “net” in Spanish). An important question in the investigation of the processing of these words is whether or not both meaning and form are integral to their representation leading to language-specific processing of these items. In contrast, some theories have been put forth indicating that the processing of these words is nonselective with regards to language. Sim

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Stubbe, Raymond, and Yumiko Cochrane. "Evaluating the Efficacy of Yes–No Checklist Tests to Assess Knowledge of Multi-Word Lexical Units." Vocabulary Learning and Instruction 8, no. 1 (2019): 62–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.7820/vli.v08.1.stubbe.cochrane.

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One of the many challenges facing Japanese university students studying English is the multi-word phrase. The English language contains a large number of such multiple-word items, which act as single words with a single meaning. This study is concerned with evaluating the efficacy of yes/no checklist tests to assess knowledge of multi-word units. Participants (n = 206) took a yes–no test of 30 real words and 15 pseudowords. The 30 real words were selected from the students’ textbook, based on the teacher’s intuition of the words and multi-words posing the greatest learning burden for the stude

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Zhang, Xiaochun. "A Probe Into Chinese University Students’ English Lexical Ambiguity." English Language Teaching 12, no. 10 (2019): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/elt.v12n10p55.

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Disagreements arise on the differences of semantic processing of different ambiguous words in the perspective of psycholinguistics. This paper compares the differences of the semantic processing of different types of ambiguous words of Chinese English learners by using a multiple semantic priming experiment with short. The results demonstrate the advantage in semantic processing of words of homonymy of Chinese English Learners in the multiple semantic priming experiment, but the advantage in semantic processing of words of polysemy does not always take place, as it is relevant to learners&

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Arbain, Arbain. "DERIVATIONS IN HEADLINE ARTICLES OF THE JAKARTA POST NEWSPAPER." IJOLTL: Indonesian Journal of Language Teaching and Linguistics 2, no. 1 (2017): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.30957/ijoltl.v2i1.230.

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This study aimed to see types of derivation, processes undergone, and structures of derived words. This study used content analysis selecting four headline articles from The Jakarta Post newspaper. The findings showed that three types of derivations: derivational prefix, derivational suffix, and multiple derivations were obtained. Each of derivation indicated 14 types of structures of derived words relating to derivation; 3 relating to derivational prefix, 3 types of derivational suffix, and 8 types to multiple derivations. Relating to processes of derivations, there were class of maintaining

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Giri, Ananta Kumar. "Cultivating New Movements and Circles of Meaning Generation: Upholding our World, Regenerating Our Earth and the Calling of a Planetary Lokasamgraha." Journal of Human Values 26, no. 2 (2019): 146–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0971685819884463.

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Meaning is a key foundation of human life. We yearn to make our life meaningful and have a proper understanding of the meaning of words and worlds, which help us in blossoming of life rather than being trapped in labyrinths of confusion and annihilated in varieties of killing and destruction. But this fundamental yearning for meaning has always been under stress in different periods and epochs of human history. In our contemporary world, we are also going through stress, vis-à-vis the work of meanings in our lives, which is part of a global crisis of meaning. Our global crisis of meaning has m

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Campos, Alfredo, José Luis Marcos, and María Ángeles González. "Relationship between Properties of Words and Elicitation of Skin Conductance Response." Psychological Reports 85, no. 3 (1999): 1025–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1999.85.3.1025.

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We investigated the association of subject-rated imagery, subject-rated concreteness, subject-rated emotionality, frequency, date of entry into the language, and word length with emotional imagery as measured by the skin conductance response elicited by that word. 50 words in a list of 25 word-pairs were rated by 96 university students; then their skin conductance response of each word was measured for each word. In each pair, one word was concrete and one was abstract but with related meaning, e.g., adolescent and adolescence. Stepwise multiple regression indicated that 30% of variance in the

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Vladušić, Roko, Robert Bucat, and Mia Ožić. "Understanding of words and symbols by chemistry university students in Croatia." Chemistry Education Research and Practice 17, no. 3 (2016): 474–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6rp00037a.

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This article reports on a study conducted in Croatia on students' understanding of scientific words and representations, as well as everyday words used in chemistry teaching. A total of 82 undergraduate chemistry students and 36 pre-service chemistry teachers from the Faculty of Science, University of Split, were involved. Students' understanding of language was probed using a diagnostic instrument with various types of tasks: creation of a scientifically sensible sentence using the key word provided without context; explanation of the meaning of a word provided in a contextual sentence; selec

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Soto, David, Usman Ayub Sheikh, Ning Mei, and Roberto Santana. "Decoding and encoding models reveal the role of mental simulation in the brain representation of meaning." Royal Society Open Science 7, no. 5 (2020): 192043. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.192043.

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How the brain representation of conceptual knowledge varies as a function of processing goals, strategies and task-factors remains a key unresolved question in cognitive neuroscience. In the present functional magnetic resonance imaging study, participants were presented with visual words during functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). During shallow processing, participants had to read the items. During deep processing, they had to mentally simulate the features associated with the words. Multivariate classification, informational connectivity and encoding models were used to reveal how

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López-Cortés, Natalia. "Design of a corpus of stimuli for a psycholinguistic study of lexical ambiguity." Research in Corpus Linguistics 8 (2020): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.32714/ricl.08.01.01.

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Lexical ambiguity takes place when a word has more than one meaning. This phenomenon could therefore lead to multiple difficulties in the processing of information; however, speakers deal almost effortlessly with ambiguous units on a daily basis. In order to understand how ambiguous items are processed by speakers, a clear synchronic definition of homonymy and polysemy is needed. In this paper a methodology to gather subjective information about ambiguous words and the relation within their meanings is proposed. Based on this methodology, a corpus of Spanish stimuli is being developed: this co

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MacGregor, Lucy J., Jennifer M. Rodd, Rebecca A. Gilbert, Olaf Hauk, Ediz Sohoglu, and Matthew H. Davis. "The Neural Time Course of Semantic Ambiguity Resolution in Speech Comprehension." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 32, no. 3 (2020): 403–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_01493.

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Semantically ambiguous words challenge speech comprehension, particularly when listeners must select a less frequent (subordinate) meaning at disambiguation. Using combined magnetoencephalography (MEG) and EEG, we measured neural responses associated with distinct cognitive operations during semantic ambiguity resolution in spoken sentences: (i) initial activation and selection of meanings in response to an ambiguous word and (ii) sentence reinterpretation in response to subsequent disambiguation to a subordinate meaning. Ambiguous words elicited an increased neural response approximately 400–

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Kelty-Stephen, Damian G., Erik P. Raymakers, and Krista M. Matthews-Saugstad. "Prosody Improves Detection of Spoonerisms Versus Both Sensible and Nonsense Phrases." Language and Speech 61, no. 1 (2017): 71–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0023830917699441.

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Prosody is the pattern of inflection, pitch, and intensity that communicates emotional meaning above and beyond the individual meanings of lexical items and gestures during spoken language. Research has often addressed prosody extending most clearly across multiple speech chunks and carrying properties specific to individual speakers and individual intents. However, prosody exerts effects on intended meaning even for relatively brief speech streams with minimal syntactic cues. The present work seeks to test whether prosody may actually clarify the intended meaning of a two-word phrase even whe

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Peleg, Orna, Galia Ben-hur, and Osnat Segal. "Orthographic, Phonological, and Semantic Dynamics During Visual Word Recognition in Deaf Versus Hearing Adults." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 63, no. 7 (2020): 2334–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2020_jslhr-19-00285.

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Purpose Studies on reading in individuals with severe-to-profound hearing loss (deaf) raise the possibility that, due to deficient phonological coding, deaf individuals may rely more on orthographic–semantic links than on orthographic–phonological links. However, the relative contribution of phonological and semantic information to visual word recognition in deaf individuals was not directly assessed in these studies. The aim of the present study, therefore, was to examine the interplay between orthographic, phonological, and semantic representations during visual word recognition, in deaf ver

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de Zubicaray, Greig I., Katie L. McMahon, and Joanne Arciuli. "A Sound Explanation for Motor Cortex Engagement during Action Word Comprehension." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 33, no. 1 (2021): 129–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_01640.

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Comprehending action words often engages similar brain regions to those involved in perceiving and executing actions. This finding has been interpreted as support for grounding of conceptual processing in motor representations or that conceptual processing involves motor simulation. However, such demonstrations cannot confirm the nature of the mechanism(s) responsible, as word comprehension involves multiple processes (e.g., lexical, semantic, morphological, phonological). In this study, we tested whether this motor cortex engagement instead reflects processing of statistical regularities in s

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Elgort, Irina, Marc Brysbaert, Michaël Stevens, and Eva Van Assche. "CONTEXTUAL WORD LEARNING DURING READING IN A SECOND LANGUAGE." Studies in Second Language Acquisition 40, no. 2 (2017): 341–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0272263117000109.

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AbstractReading affords opportunities for L2 vocabulary acquisition. Empirical research into the pace and trajectory of this acquisition has both theoretical and applied value. Charting the development of different aspects of word knowledge can verify and inform theoretical frameworks of word learning and reading comprehension. It can also inform practical decisions about using L2 readings in academic study. Monitoring readers’ eye movements provides real-time data on word learning, under the conditions that closely approximate adult L2 vocabulary acquisition from reading. In this study, Dutch

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Hameed, Assist Prof Dr Jenan Nadem, and Instructor Nahida Ghazi Alwan Al-Timimi. "Formula (Fuaaila) in the Qur'an Al-Kareem between probabilistic interpretable and rhetoric miraculous." ALUSTATH JOURNAL FOR HUMAN AND SOCIAL SCIENCES 223, no. 1 (2017): 97–134. http://dx.doi.org/10.36473/ujhss.v223i1.321.

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The research started towards the establishment and construction to replace alongside their probabilistic interpretation hyperbolic and guidance may be intentional guidance. Based on linguistic miracle, which is to preserve the building verbal as it is in the Qur'an Al-Kareem without saying that adapter from another building and maintaining the unity of the installation, which includes a word without saying: It is fitting word to delete it or increase where else. It is then no justification for this quantum of multiple direct indication of the words of the Qur'an al-Kareem, which is the one boo

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Kanerva, Oksana A. "RUSSIAN ONOMATOPOEIC VERBAL INTERJECTIONS. WHY USE "NON-WORDS" INSTEAD OF ORDINARY ONES?" RSUH/RGGU Bulletin. "Literary Theory. Linguistics. Cultural Studies" Series, no. 7 (2020): 130–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.28995/2686-7249-2020-7-130-146.

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This paper considers such expressive words in Russian as onomatopoeic verbal interjections (bukh ‘bang’, stuk ‘knock’, bul’ ‘plop’). First of all, it focuses on the reasons for using those words. This study suggests that native speakers of Russian may deliberately prefer those linguistic units over words from other classes (nouns, verbs or adverbs). It happens when such factors as Zipf’s law and the principles of iconicity and economy in grammar come into play. Secondly, the article claims that while morphologically simple, syntactically mobile and with transparent onomatopoeia-based meaning,

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Luna, Melissa J., James Andrew Rye, Melissa Forinash, and Alana Minor. "Gardening for Homonyms: Integrating Science and Language Arts to Support Children's Creative Use of Multiple Meaning Words." Science Activities: Classroom Projects and Curriculum Ideas 52, no. 4 (2015): 92–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00368121.2015.1102698.

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Et. al., Virat Giri,. "MTStemmer: A multilevel stemmer for effective word pre-processing in Marathi." Turkish Journal of Computer and Mathematics Education (TURCOMAT) 12, no. 2 (2021): 1885–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/turcomat.v12i2.1527.

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In natural language processing, it is important that the context and the meaning of words are retained while also ensuring the efficacy of the data modelling process. During human-to-human interactions, special care is taken regarding the tense and phrasing of the words by taking into consideration the rules of grammar of the specific language. While this modification of words is necessary for framing consistent sentences, these appendages do not add significant value to the original meaning of the word. Stemming is the process of converting words back to their root form for efficient and accu

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Strickland, Brent, Salamatu Barrie, and Rihana S. Mason. "Discourse structure and word learning." Pragmatics and Society 2, no. 2 (2011): 260–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ps.2.2.07str.

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The extant literature on discourse comprehension distinguishes between two types of texts: narrative and expository (Steen, 1999). Narrative discourse tells readers a story by giving them an account of events; the narration informs and/or persuades the readership by using textual elements such as theme, plot, and characters. Expository discourse explains or informs the readership by using concepts and techniques such as definition, sequence, categorization, and cause-effect relations. The present study is based on two experiments. In Experiment 1, we compared the two discourse types to examine

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Chandrasekaran, Bharath, Alice H. D. Chan, and Patrick C. M. Wong. "Neural Processing of What and Who Information in Speech." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 23, no. 10 (2011): 2690–700. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn.2011.21631.

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Human speech is composed of two types of information, related to content (lexical information, i.e., “what” is being said [e.g., words]) and to the speaker (indexical information, i.e., “who” is talking [e.g., voices]). The extent to which lexical versus indexical information is represented separately or integrally in the brain is unresolved. In the current experiment, we use short-term fMRI adaptation to address this issue. Participants performed a loudness judgment task during which single or multiple sets of words/pseudowords were repeated with single (repeat) or multiple talkers (speaker-c

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Atias, Christian. "Quand dire, c'est faire l'inverse de ce qu'on dit. Une critique de l'opposition entre théorie et pratique juridiques." Les Cahiers de droit 28, no. 1 (2005): 89–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/042794ar.

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This study is based on the following assumption : some legal theories are upset and then turned against the very interests they were supposed to defend. This phenomenon is quite revealing of the nature of the legal process and how legal thinking works. Many explanations have been advanced, however, they all have been rejected since they presume a unity of knowledge and, without proving their point, they assimilate legal reasoning into other sciences that are presented as models for legal thinkers. The upsetting of legal theories may be explained due to the extreme complexity found in the meani

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Batterink, Laura, and Helen Neville. "Implicit and Explicit Mechanisms of Word Learning in a Narrative Context: An Event-related Potential Study." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 23, no. 11 (2011): 3181–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_00013.

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The vast majority of word meanings are learned simply by extracting them from context rather than by rote memorization or explicit instruction. Although this skill is remarkable, little is known about the brain mechanisms involved. In the present study, ERPs were recorded as participants read stories in which pseudowords were presented multiple times, embedded in consistent, meaningful contexts (referred to as meaning condition, M+) or inconsistent, meaningless contexts (M−). Word learning was then assessed implicitly using a lexical decision task and explicitly through recall and recognition

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Schmitzer, A. B., M. Strauss, and S. Demarco. "Contextual influences on comprehension of multiple-meaning words by right hemisphere brain-damaged and non-brain-damaged adults." Aphasiology 11, no. 4-5 (1997): 447–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02687039708248483.

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Crosson, Amy C., Elizabeth M. Hughes, Frances Blanchette, and Carolyn Thomas. "What’s the Point? Emergent Bilinguals’ Understanding of Multiple-Meaning Words that Carry Everyday and Discipline-Specific Mathematical Meanings." Reading & Writing Quarterly 36, no. 2 (2020): 84–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10573569.2020.1715312.

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Watts, Susan M. "Vocabulary Instruction during Reading Lessons in six Classrooms." Journal of Reading Behavior 27, no. 3 (1995): 399–424. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10862969509547889.

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This study was conducted to explore two research questions: (a) How do teachers teach meaning vocabulary during reading lessons? and (b) What are teachers' stated purposes for teaching meaning vocabulary? The data were collected in six classrooms, three each at the fifth- and sixth-grade levels, in a large urban school district. Reading instruction in each of the six classrooms was observed over the course of 4 months, for a total of 47 observations. At the end of the observation period, participating teachers were interviewed. Data analysis consisted of a search for dominant themes through op

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